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Precision Spray Nozzlesand Accessories Edition 112

O U R C O R E P R O D U C T L I N E S : B E S T V A LU E , P R E C I S I O N , R E L I A B I L I T Y , Q U I C K D E L I V E R Y .

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I N C R E A S E YO U R P R O D U C T I V I T Y

W I T H L E C H L E R S P R AY T E C H N O L O G Y.

2

What really matters is that youhave the competent partnerfor the job right from theplanning stage. We supply thevital measuring data right fromthe beginning to ensure yourprocess runs smoothly. Evenunusual nozzles are part ofour core nozzle range, there-fore we can offer you a reallyindividual solution.

Opting for an experiencedpartner like Lechler meansthat you run no risks: perfectproducts, unmatched quality,international know-how,straight off our stock shelves.Isnt that an offer? You shouldprofit from this for your ownsake.

Our new catalogue is aunique reference book for youthat facilitates your daily work.Its clear layout and the wealthof professional informationmake it a valuable tool forfinding a better solution.

Theres a lot more informationon spray nozzles, spray tech-nologies and applicationsavailable for you which is notcontained in this catalogue.

The experienced Lechler per-sonnel is always willing tosupply you additional informa-tion. Please do not hesitate toask any time.

Competition is getting fiercer

by the day. Your customers

requests for the highest

quality and lowest price force

you to use your full potential

for rationalization.

Lechler spray technology

helps you improve your

processes and technologies.

For further information

on nozzle technology please

visit www.lechler.com

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For nozzle assembly and special brochures,

please refer to the final pages of the catalogue.

Table of contents

Introduction Page 3-19

Pneumatic atomizing nozzles Chapter 1

Hollow cone nozzles Chapter 2

Full cone nozzles Chapter 3

Flat fan nozzlesHigh pressure flat fan nozzles Chapter 4

Solid stream nozzlesHigh pressure solid stream nozzles Chapter 5

Air nozzles Chapter 6

Tank cleaning nozzles Chapter 7

Strainers Chapter 8

Accessories Chapter 9

Questionnairenozzle application Chapter 10

3

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Research and developmentfor a better future

For more than 130 yearsLechler has been searchingfor new solutions and devel-oped and manufactured spraynozzles for trendsetting appli-cations. Internal and externalinformation systems and inter-national data bases give usthe leading edge in R&D.

A comprehensive informationsystem, connection to interna-tional databases and collabo-ration with external institutessupplement our own work inthis area and create the broadinterdisciplinary basis that isrequired today for excellentdevelopments.

Ultra-modern techniques forconstruction and simulationare converted into products ofhigh practical value by ourstaff of engineers and techni-cians. Full scale tests simulatereal life conditions.

Only when all details complywith our requirements, pro-duction is released.

T R A D I T I O N A N D P R O G R E S S I N S P R AY T E C H N O LO G Y.

The Lechler brand has an

excellent reputation among

experts worldwide.Unrivalled expertise, an inter-

disciplinary approach and

the use of state-of-the-art

production methods have

led to superb product results

in all areas.

Today, the Lechler brand is

synonymous with innovative

spraying technology

and applications that enjoy

exemplary success.

4

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A few words on quality

Lechler products are used inmany different industries andapplications.Therefore, the requirements ofthe products have to meetcertain specifications. Lechlerdefine quality as the abilityof our products to surpass thecustomers individual require-ments for performance.

Lechler is certified byISO 9001:2008. Lechler staffhave always worked carefullyand carried out permanentquality control from materialreception through manufactur-ing to shipment.Our products will keep in dailyservice what we are promisinghere and now.

What can be measured,can be documented

Already a long time before itsdaily use, we know the exactflow rate, spray angle and uni-formity of distribution of eachLechler nozzle.

Right from the beginning,functions and spraycharacteristics are accuratelydefined and recorded by oursophisticated measuring tech-niques and reliable documen-tation.

Our computer-controlled mea-suring facilities such as theLaser-Doppler Particle Ana-lyzer, the spray jet measuringdevice with 3D presentation,liquid distribution systems, and

many more are the essentialprerequisite for precise mea-suring data.

Thanks to this data we can helpsolve your spraying problem.

We offer reliability

Our computer-controlled in-ventory ensures rapid deliveryof your nozzles. Stock itemsordered before 2 p.m. willleave our factory the sameday. Yet, our real service startsmuch earlier: technical adviceon spray applications and as-sistance by our experiencedLechler sales representatives.Actually, there is always aLechler sales office or repre-

sentation close by, whereveryou are in this world. And itgoes without saying that thereis always a competent techni-cal advisor in our head-quar-ters who is pleased to helpyou even a long time after thesale. You can rely on ourword.

5

Intr

oduc

tion

Your advantage lies in ourproductivity

New custom-made manufac-turing techniques guaranteeproductivity and flexibility.

Process automation ensuresrepeatability and steadyproperties. For us, this meansthat not only one nozzle lookslike the other, but that spraypatterns are identical, too. Thisapplies to 25.000 differentvariants, materials and sizes.

Lechler is one of the most im-portant spray nozzle manufac-turers world-wide. High pro-duction quantities allow usmore easily to amortize costlyresearch and developmentand machinery. Thats whyeven a complicated nozzlecan be offered at a reason-able price. At the knownLechler quality!

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6

P E R F E C T N O Z Z L E T E C H N O L O G Y TO S O LV E M A N Y I N D U S T R I A L

In many industries there is anumber of tasks that can beeconomically accomplishedwith the aid of spraying tech-niques. However, optimumeffects only can be achievedwhen a spray nozzle manu-facturers wide knowledge ofspecific requirements andparticular service conditions istaken into account, too rightfrom the project stage.Where this is not the case, a

job may quickly end up in acostly experiment for the user.

Lechler, aware of this risk, hasput up special teams for thevarious fields of applications.These teams are joined byexternal consultants for vari-ous industries. In addition,there is the know-how Lechlerhas accumulated over manyyears of direct activity in allindustries. These synergiesare also useful for other, newspray applications. Thats whyour spray nozzle specialistsare often asked to participateas competent consultants inthe first planning phases.

As a result, solutions are foundthat are technically perfect aswell as economically sound.

This catalogue contains awide selection of nozzlesthat can be used in manydifferent areas of industry.

Where special informationis useful for specialapplications, we would behappy to send you our tradebrochures.

Surface treatment

Degreasing Phosphating Spray painting Galvanizing Cleaningetc.

Chemical and Pharma-ceutical industry

Cleaning Humidification Coating Mixing Disinfection Atomization of viscous

liquidsetc.

Paper industry

Foam suppression Jet cutting Humidification Cleaningetc.

Food and beverageindustry

Cleaning Pasteurisation Conveyor belt lubrication Disinfection Humidification Coolingetc.

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7

A S K S .

Electronic industry

Circuit board cleaning Spray etching Coatingetc.

Automotive industry

Degreasing Cleaning Preservation Coating Cooling Lubricating Dryingetc.

Fire protection

Tank cooling Spraying aboard ships Water curtains Shavings hopperetc.

Machine tools

Cooling Lubricating Cleaning Blowing offetc.

You can use the order formin Chapter 10 to requestspecific, special informationon nozzles and their areas

of use that are not coveredin this catalogue.

Precision Spray Nozzlesfor Surface Technology

Nozzles and Accessoriesfor Compressed Air

Precision Spray Nozzlesfor the Food and BeverageIndustry

Spray Nozzles and Systemsfor the Shipbuilding Industry

Precision Spray Nozzlesfor the Chemical Industry

Tank Cleaning Nozzles

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8

S P E C I A L TA S K S R E Q U I R E S P E C I A L S O L U TI O N S .

Very individual demands are

placed on nozzle technology

in the metallurgical industry,

environmental engineering

and agriculture. That's why

Lechler maintains specialist

teams who have the specific

expertise in these areas.

We have compiled product

information in separate bro-

chures for these specialist

areas, which can be reque-

sted by using the form at the

end of this catalogue.

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Agriculture

All over the world, Lechler agri-cultural nozzles and acces-sories are synonymous withefficiency and economy, whilealso taking account of environ-mental aspects.Lechler has taken a leadingrole in drift reducing technologyin particular.Lechler nozzles ensure thatthe pesticide lands on the plant

exactly where it's needed.

Metallurgical industry

A whole range of speciallydeveloped and proven nozzlesin different versions and ma-terials is available to meet thespecial requirements of thisspecialist area.Descaling, secondary coolingin continuous casting systemsand roll cooling are just a fewof the many different applica-tions. Nozzles and nozzlesystems play a crucial role inall production stages in terms

Environmental technology

Flue gas desulphurisation, gastreatment and droplet sepa-ration are important areas of

work in energy and environ-mental technology in whichLechler nozzles, systems anddroplet separators are used.Internationally, our wide-rangingexpert knowledge andexperience has made Lechlera competent partner in thissector.

This makes a decisive contri-bution towards optimising theuse of pesticides and protec-ting the environment.

A comprehensive range ofnozzle accessories and someuseful tools help the farmer tooptimise the application tech-nology and thereby increasehis earnings.

Leading system manufacturersand operators all over theworld have opted to becomeLechler partners because theyhave been impressed by our

innovative strength, our highlevel of competence in solvingproblems and our globalorganisation.

Find out about the possibilitiesfor collaboration, and howyou can profit from our expertknowledge.

9

of process optimisation aimedat increasing quality andperfecting production.

A wide range of standardnozzles is supplemented by thepossibilities that are availablefor individual special solutions.At the same time, customershave at their disposal a com-petent team of experiencedspecialists employing state-of-the-art design and productionmethods.

Lechler teams with specialist knowledge will support youin your work. We would also be happy to provide you withspecialist product information.

Nozzles and Technology forHydromechanical Descaling

Nozzles and CoolingSolutions for ContinuousCasting of Steel

VarioCool

Nozzle lances and systemsfor gas cooling and conditioning

TwinAbsorb

Advanced Technology for efficientFlue Gas Desulphurization

Patent

ed!

Agricultural Spray Nozzles

and AccessoriesCatalogue L 2014

FlssigdngungDsen und ZubehrAnwendungshinweiseKatalog F 2014

Droplet Separators

Dsen und Zubehrfr Raumkulturen

SELECTOSPRAY

Roll Cooling System

Nozzles and Systemsfor theMetallurgical Industry

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W H I C H ( S P R AY ) C H A R A C T E R G O E S W I T H YO U ?

10

Spray technology has itsown rules

When a liquid flow is madeto disintegrate into more orless fine droplets, this is calledatomization. The necessaryprerequisites are mainlyreached by the followingprinciples of atomization:

Single-fluid atomization

By narrowing the cross-sections of passage within anozzle, flow speed increases.Static energy is transformedinto kinetic energy (speed).When tension is released atthe nozzle orifice, a laminarliquid flow with aerodynamicwaves is produced, causingthe liquid flow to disintegrateinto droplets of different sizes.

Pneumatic atomization

The different flow speedsof gas and liquid generatepressure waves, breaking upthe liquid into extremely finedrop particles. The differentrelative speeds allow atomiz-ing e.g. of viscous liquidsat low pressure. Pneumaticatomizers operate both ac-cording to internal and exter-nal mixing principles, wherebygas and liquid mix inside oroutside the nozzle. Dependingon the nozzle design, liquidis either supplied by siphonaction or by gravity.

According to the configurationof the nozzle tip, different spraypatterns may be obtained.

Pneumatic ato-mizing nozzles

Pneumatic flat fan atomizingnozzlesproduce a flat spray patternwith extremely fine dropletsand spray angles up to 80.These nozzles are particularlysuited for applicationsrequiring fine droplets and awide linear impact.

Pneumatic full coneatomizing nozzles,however, are preferablyused for applications de-manding uniform circular im-

pact patterns or larger spraydistances. Generally, a narrowfull cone with approx. 20-30is formed. Wider spray anglescan be achieved by usingspecial multi-orifice designs.

Hollow conespray

Axial-flow hollow conenozzlesThe liquid supply is axial,rotary motion of the liquid isgenerated by so-called swirlinserts or vanes. Axial-flowhollow cone nozzles allow toproduce the finest dropletsachievable with pressure-operated nozzle designs.This is also called hydraulicatomization.

Eccentric-flowhollow cone nozzles

The liquid supply, which istangentially positioned to themixing chamber, causes theliquid to rotate. A liquid layerforms around the inside wallsof the nozzle which influencesheavily the drop size.A rotary motion of the liquidflow is transformed at thenozzle orifice into axial andtangential speeds.A circular liquid screen isformed which disintegratesinto fine droplets soon afterleaving the nozzle orifice. This

nozzle design has wide freecross-sections making it highlyclog-proof.

Full cone spray

Axial-flow full cone nozzles

achieve a uniform liquiddistribution over a circulararea. A rotary motion of theliquid is achieved with the aidof swirl inserts inside the freecross-section of the nozzle.Spray formation, liquiddistribution, and shaping ofdroplets are influenced by thedimensioning and functionalcoordination of the rotarymotions and the swirlchamber. Turbulent flows withdifferent axial and tangential

speed components lead tooverall coarser droplets thanwith a comparable hollow-cone nozzle.

Tangential-flow full conenozzlesare free from swirl inserts.Therefore, they are not at allprone to clogging. The fullcone spray pattern is pro-duced by grooves milled intothe bottom of the nozzle whichprovide a defined deviation ofthe liquid flow to the mixing

chambers center, wherebyan extremely uniform areadistribution of the atomizedliquid is obtained.

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11

Air nozzles

Air nozzles are used fordispersing air or steam in aconcentrated and straight fan.Generally, air nozzles have aflat fan or solid stream spraypattern. When using conven-tional air nozzles, air is blownthrough a single hole. Often aloud, ear-splitting and hissingnoise is produced. To avoidthis unpleasant noise, Lechlerhas designed special multi-channel air nozzles. Soundlevel and air consumption ofthese nozzles are very low.

Solid stream

The smooth solid stream isalso known as the so-calledprimary jet. Actually, the sol-id stream nozzle is not sup-posed to produce an atomizedspray pattern, because it hasbeen designed for maximum

jet power. Here, the skill ofLechler design engineers waschallenged to prevent concen-trated, straight jets fromdisintegrating into drops atlarge distances.

Flat fan spray

The spray pattern of flat fannozzles features a sharplydelimited line due to internalflow characteristics.The coverage width can bevaried by modifying thegeometric configuration of thenozzle orifices, where theliquid is shaped into flat, fan-like spray patterns. The flatliquid body takes on a laminarform and disintegrates intodroplets as its distance fromthe nozzle orifice increases.Parabolic, trapezoidal or

rectangular impact areas areachieved by adequatelydetermining the functional andgeometric dimensions.

Tongue-type nozzles are of aspecial kind.The flat fan pattern is generatedby a solid stream, impingingupon an external deflectorplate (the tongue). Tongue-type nozzles are particularlyclog-proof and produce asharply delimited flat fanpattern.

Tank cleaningnozzles

Tank cleaning nozzles canbe used for both small andlarge tanks and are availableas both rotating and staticsprays. The rotating nozzles(rotational cleaners) are drivenby the cleaning liquid bymeans of specially positionednozzles or by turbine or inter-nal gears. Rotational cleanersachieve very good cleaning ofthe entire tank surface as ra-pid-repetition impact loosensthe dirt and washes it off of theinside tank surfaces.

Static spray balls do notrotate. They are used primarilyfor washing down relativelysmall tanks and vessels. Alltank cleaning nozzles areoperating at low pressures.

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The essential operating dataof spray nozzles is

Flow rate Spray angle Liquid distribution Spray impact Droplet size and droplet

spectrum

Flow rate, pressure andspray angle

Flow rates and spray anglesare dependent on feed pres-sure and viscosity of the liquidto be sprayed. We have mea-sured the flow rates stated inthe catalogue with painstakingaccuracy, using inductive flowmeters.The spray angle is determinedright at the nozzles orifice. Theindications given on spraywidths and coverage diame-ters are more useful at largerdistances from the orifice. Airfriction losses and ballisticphenomenons influence thespray behavior and the size ofthe impact area in depen-dence on the chosen servicepressure. The pressure (p) isthe feed pressure above at-mospheric, which is availableat the liquid inlet into the noz-zle. The spraying operation isperformed under counterpres-sure, the flow rate is depen-dent on the differential pres-sure. Minimum and maximumpressures are adjusted to therequired flow rates and the

spray quality.Distribution of liquid

A uniform distribution of liquidis of paramount importance,e.g. for coating. We have de-veloped special measuringmethods which instantaneous-ly deliver test results that arerepeatable any time. Thanks toour electronic image process-ing measurement accuracy isapprox. +/- 1 %. The test re-sults are documented and

made available to customersfor design and constructiontasks.

Jet pressure (impact)

In the case of nozzles, the jetpressure (i.e. the effect of aspray jet on a surface) is nor-mally referred to as the impactand is expressed in N/mm2.This is the conversion of the

jet force on the impacted sur-face.In the jet pressure measure-ment, a highly sensitive sensorwith a defined surface area isguided through the spray jet.The spray jet exerts a con-stantly changing force on thesensor, which is saved in thecomputer. The jet pressurecan be determined from theforce measured at the respec-tive location and the surface ofthe sensor.

Thus theyll be sure in advancethat Lechler spray nozzlesexactly comply with their re-quirements.

Spray impact

For measuring the jet distrib-ution of the spray impactand the impact itselfa highlysensitive device is guidedthrough the jet pattern. Themeasuring values detected bythe sensor are transformedinto electric signals and storedin a computer. Jet impactmeasurements show howuniformly the jet impact is act-

ing on the impacted area. Thisdata is very useful, in particu-lar for high pressure applica-tions where a maximum ofpump energy has to be trans-formed into cleaning power.

Jet pressure distribution mea-surements show the regularityof the jet force curve on theimpacted surface. In high-pressure applications in parti-cular, this data is of greatpractical use because it rela-tes to the maximum conversi-on of pump energy into clea-ning effect.

Low jet pressures are obtai-ned by using full-taper or wide-angle flat jet nozzles (120).High jet pressures are produ-ced by flat jet nozzles withnarrower jet angles (15 to 60).Full-jet nozzles produce maxi-mum jet pressures.

Droplet sizes and dropletspectrum

For many areas of use, it isnecessary to know the size ofthe droplet spectrum produ-ced by the nozzle.

One of the most precise mea-suring devices for this is thelaser doppler particle analyser.Since this measuring method

simultaneously measures bothdroplet size and droplet velo-cities, we obtain a completedescription of the atomizationcharacteristic. Since the atomi-zed liquid does not dissipateinto droplets of a uniform size,we document the droplet size

N O Z Z L E P E R F O R M A N C E A N D S E R V I C E D ATA .

12

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There are more than 100materials for you to choosefrom.

Brass nozzles, now as before,are commonly used for manyapplications, such as lowpressure and humidificationprocesses.It is necessary to use chemi-cally resistant stainless steelgrades, hastelloy, titanium,tantalum, as well as plasticmaterials, such as PVC, PP,PVDF and TEFLON for spray-ing corrosive liquids or for theuse in aggressive environ-ments.If materials that are highly re-sistant to wear are required,quality nozzles in hardenedstainless steel, oxide ceramicsor silicon carbide are available.

Many nozzles of our range areavailable in high-grade ther-moplastics. These nozzles areproduced by injection mould-ing on process-controlled ma-chines.

Service life

The service life of nozzles isdependent on various circum-stances such as sprayapplications, service condi-tions, the quality of the liquidto be sprayed to quote just afew. According to the materialused, service life of nozzlescan considerably differ.

This short survey is just to giveyou an idea on service life ofsome metallic and ceramicnozzle materialscommonly used.Depending onservice conditions,plastic materialshave very differentservice lives. Hence,a classificationis hardly possible.

13

YO U R R E Q U I R E M E N T S D E F I N E T H E N O Z Z L E M AT E R I A L .

distribution by stating theSauter mean diameter d32.This shows the relationshipbetween the total surface areaof all droplets and the volumeenclosed by it. This enablesconclusions to be readily dra-wn about the expected reac-tion behaviour of a spray.

This makes this key indicatorvery important in processtechnology in particular. Otherdroplet size definitions can al-so be derived from the mea-sured values, e.g. the arithme-tical mean d10, the meanvolume diameter MVD, the lo-garithmic standard deviationLS and other variables. Thesemust be known for a completedescription of a measureddroplet spectrum.

All operating data of

nozzles have been

measured with water.

Material

Brass

Stainless steel

Hardened SS

Carbide

Ceramics

Factor

1

4-6

10-15

30-40

90-200

Stainless steel

Silicon carbide

Brass

Plastic material

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A C C E S S O R I E S M A K E YO U B E N E F I TF R O M O U R K N O W - H O W, T O O .

Our comprehensive range ofaccessories significantlycontributes to optimizing theadaptability of Lechlernozzles to special require-ments and prerequisites.

No matter whether you want tochange nozzles easily, to pro-vide sealing or just to have analternative fixing facility, youllprofit in every respect fromLechlers technical know-howand practical experience withaccessories. As a result, yourwork is made easier, yourcapacity is better utilized andyoull be saving cost to an ex-tent you wouldnt have thoughtpossible.As you see, its worthwhilespending a few thoughts onthe subject.

Now a short survey on thevarious Lechler fixing system:

Standard fixing accessoriesThe great variety of mountingclamps, bases, ball joints etc.,available in a multitude ofdesigns, models, sizes andmaterials, allow accuratematching of nozzles and fixingaccessories to meet yourspray applications, your liquidand its properties.

Special accessories for flatfan nozzles with dove-tailguide(positive guide) provide a per-fect presetting of the sprayalignment and a quick nozzlechange.

TWISTLOC and Bayonet -Assembly systems forchanging nozzles in less thanno timeThe Lechler invention for quicknozzle change without anytool. Additionally, a correctspray alignment is alwaysguaranteed.

Nozzle filters and strainersto prevent cloggingThe advantages:Steady spray quality, costreduction because of lessmaintenance, and, above all,a better quality of your finishedproducts.

Professional sealing materialLechler offers special provensealing materials to stopunnecessary sprinkling ordripping: gaskets, Teflon

sealing tapes, Teflon glue anda lot more.

For your daily work with theLechler catalogue, all fixingpossibilities are clearly listedin the folded page at the endof the catalogue. Youll find

the complete accessoryrange, detailed descriptionsand full technical data under

the heading Accessories.

Dove-tail guide

Bayonet quick-release system

14

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E X A M P L E S F O R N O Z Z L E A R R A N G E M E N T.

B

E

H

E

D

H

Top view

Front view

15

Arrangement of flat fan nozzles with parabolic liquiddistribution

Lechler flat fan nozzles provide a consistent, uniform coverageover the impact area. For this purpose, the spray widths B oughtto overlap each other by 1/3 to 1/4. To avoid interferences of thesprays, the nozzle orifices must be offset 5-15 to the pipe axis.

Alignment of tongue-type nozzles

In order to achieve an even surface coverage the nozzles needto be aligned in such a way that spray widths B overlap by 1/3to 1/4. Therefore the nozzles should be inclined in an angle of15 to the vertical of the horizontal axis of the tube (either witha weld base at an angle or a Lechler ball joint nozzle mount) inorder to prevent a disturbance of the spray.

Arrangement of full cone and hollow cone nozzles

For full cone and hollow cone nozzles, the distance E should besized so that the spray cones overlap by about 1/3 to 1/4.

O = Overlap of spray anglesD = Spray diameterE = Nozzle distanceH = Installation distance of nozzles = Spray angle

Square or offset arrangement of full cone or hollow conenozzles

Pipe

Nozzle

E

DO

E

Square arrangement

Nozzle distance: E =

Overlap: = D - E

2

D

E1D

E2

Offset arrangement

D

2

3

4

Nozzle distance: E1 = x 3

Nozzle distance: E2 = D

Overlap: = D - E1The spray angles stated in this catalogue are based on a specificdesign pressure.Different pressures and production tolerances lead to differingspray angles. Please consider our adjustment proposals on thispage and ask us for a detailed spray width diagram if needed.

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T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M AT I O N

Here you will find explanationsof the special terms andabbreviations used in thetables on the following pages.

Droplet sizesThe droplet size informationrefers to the Sauter mean dia-meter d32.This is defined as the droplet

diameter measured on thebasis of surface area.The volume/surface area ratioof a droplet of this diameter isthe same as for the sum of alldroplets in the spray jet.

Lechler nozzles are manufac-tured with the highest precisionand undergo permanent qua-

lity checks. Nevertheless, pro-duction-related tolerances canaffect the jet angle, volumeflow, droplet size and dropletdistribution.

E (narrowestfree crosssection of thenozzle)Importantcharacteristic fordetermining thepre-filtration.Can be less thanB due to severalswirl ducts.(Nozzle filter seepage 9.8.)

A (equivalentbore diameter)Applies to ellipticaldischarge holes offlat fan nozzles.A cylindrical holewith a diameter Ahas the same sur-face area as theellipse.

B (spraywidth)The spraysizes candeviate atreferencepressuresdifferent tothose listedin the tables.

Weight brass: 17 g

B (bore diameter)This is definitive forthe flow rate.

p (liquid pressure)Pressure p is thedifferential pressureto the nozzle sur-rounding.If you require a

liquid pressurestage not given inthe tables, you cancalculate the flowrate with the formu-la at the bottom ofthe respective tablepage.

WeightAll weight informa-tion refers to brass,unless otherwise

stated.See Page 18 forconversion factorsfor other materials.

16

V.

(flow rate)All flow ratedata in thiscatalogue isbased onmeasurementswith water, andtakes intoaccount theindividual flowparameters ofthe variousnozzle designs.

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17

C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S

17

Droplet sizes

0,5 mm

1 mm

5 mm

1 mm = 1000 m

Axial-flow hollow cone nozzle

Tangential-flow hollow cone nozzle

Full cone nozzle

Cluster head nozzle

Flat fan nozzle

Flowrate

V [l/min]---

1,80,8190,9200,718

Dropletsize[m]

---

70054013002004004001200

Flowrate

V [l/min]0,11125125

1,2528125

Dropletsize[m]14024032064040011001752653601000

Flowrate

V [l/min]0,171,61,44361,4362441,640

Dropletsize[m]100180240490300750150190300690

Single fluid nozzles Liquid pressure [bar]

1 2 5

. . .

Flowrate

V [l/min]

others

Dropletsize[m]

90

Flowrate

V [l/min]

others

Dropletsize[m]

55

Flowrate

V [l/min]

others

Dropletsize[m]

40

Pneumatic

atomizing nozzles

Air-/water ratio [m3/h : l/min]

5 10 20

. . .

others

. .

Droplet size range according to nozzle type (Sauter diameter d 32)

11.10-5

0,98070,06895

0,479 .10-3

1000001

98070689547,9

1,021,02 .10-5

10,07031

0,4882.10-3

14,514,5 .10-5

14,221

6,94.10-3

20890,020920481441

barPascal[Pa] =N/m2

kp/cm2 =1 at

psi lb/sq ft

p Pressure

V.

w =V.

Fl

X

V.

Fl = V.w

w =

.Vw

. X

Fl

V.

W = Flow rate (water) [l/min, l/h]

V.

FL = Flow rate of liquid, with a specificweight that differs from 1

X = Multiplier = Specific weight [kg/m3]

Change in specific weight

110004,5463,785

0,222201

0,8327

0,264264,21,201

1

l m3 Imp. gal US galConversion

Unit

1 l (1 dm3)1 m3

1 Imp. gallon1 US gallon

V Volume

60116,673,7854,546

10,016670,28

0,06310,076

3,60,061

0,2270,273

15,850,26424,40

11,201

13,200,223,66

0,83271

l/min l/s m3/hUS gal

minImp. gal

min

V Flow rate.

Conversion

Unit

1 l/s1 l/min1 m3/h1 US gal./min1 Imp. gal./min

X =

w

Fl

Fl

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200X 1,41 1,29 1,20 1,12 1,06 1,0 0,95 0,91

Fl1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

X 0,88 0,85 0,82 0,79 0,77 0,75 0,73 0,71

Ratio of both, given andrequired pressure flowrate values

Valid for single-fluid nozzles,except axial-flowfull cone nozzles

Valid for axial-flow full cone

nozzles

p/V.

Pressure/Flow rate

The volume of a large dropletcorresponds to the volume of8 droplets of half the diameter.

The surface of the large dropletis four times as big as the one ofa small droplet. The total surfaceof the 8 small droplets, however,is twice as big as the surface ofa large droplet.

D 1/2 D

V.

2=

p2 . V

.1 [l/min]p

1

p2

= V.

2 . p1[bar]

V.

1

V.2

=p

2 . V.1 [l/min]p

1( )0,4

2,5p

2= V

.2 . p

1[bar]

V

.1

( )

( )2

1.10-3

14,546 .10-3

3,785 .10-3

Conversion

Unit

1 bar1 Pascal [Pa]1 at = kp/cm2

1 psi1lb/sq ft

All flow rate data of the catalogue have been measured

with water and consider the individual flow parameters of the

nozzle designs.

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Conversion factors for de-termining the weight of vari-ous materials

Determination of male thread sizes / diameters

As a rule, the weight indica-tions in this catalogue refer tobrass. By applying the conver-sion factors stated, the ap-proximate weight of nozzles inother materials can easily becalculated.

18

R" 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1

A mm 10.2 13.5 17.2 21.3 26.9 33.7

DN 6 8 10 14 20 25

W O R K I N G A I D S

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

Flow

rateV. [l/

min]

Pressure p[bar]

0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 3 4 5 10

V2=V1 . (p2)

p1

V2=V1 .p2p1

.

p/V Pressure-flowrate diagram.

.

. .

0,4

Material

Brass

Stainless steel

Plastics (PVDF)

Aluminium

Silicon carbide

Titanium

Cast iron

Factor

1,00

0,95

0,21

0,33

0,39

0,54

0,89

Forfurtherin

formationon

nozzletechn

ologyplease

visit

www.lechler.c

om

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19

D E T E R M I N AT I O N O F P I P E D IA M E T E R S .

19

70

50

40

30

20

10

7

5

4

3

2

1

0,7

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,12 3 4 5 7 10 20 30 40 50 70 100 200 300 400 500 700 1000

Ec

onomicalspeedw

[m/s]

Inside pipediameters (mm)

Pipe sizes

Highpressures(p > 1 bar)

Lowpressures(p 1 bar)

Lowviscositiese.g. water(1 10-6m2/s)

High

viscosities(100 10-6m2/s)

Gases and Vapours

Liquids

1l/m

in

2l/m

in

3l/m

in

5l/m

in

7l/m

in

10l/m

in

20l/m

in

30l/m

in

50l/m

in

70l/m

in

100l/m

in

200l/m

in

300l/m

in

500l/m

in

700l/m

in

2000l/m

in

3000l/m

in

5000l/m

in

7000l/m

in

10000l/m

in

20000l/m

in

30000l/m

in

50000l/m

in

70000l/m

in

100000l/m

in

1000l/m

in

1/8" 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" 3/4" 1" 11/4"11/2"2" 21/2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 12" 16" 40"

Example: You want to spray a total of 100 l water per minute. Water has a viscosity of 110-6 m2/s. So in your diagram please lookfor the intersection of the corresponding viscosity curve and the flow rate line. From the coordinates of this point, you gatherthe correct pipe inside diameter or pipe size, and the economical flow speed.

*

* Flow rates of gas and vapours in operating condition.

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