ASn-ÿm\]mTm-hen

aebmfw

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym- ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2011

XÃm≥tU¿UvÃm≥tU¿UvÃm≥tU¿UvÃm≥tU¿UvÃm≥tU¿Uv

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen2

tZio-b-Km\w

P\-K-W-a-\- -A-[n-\m-bI Pbtl

`mc-X -`m-Ky-hn-[mXm,

]©m-_-kn‘p KpP-dmØ admTm

ZmhnU DXv°-e- _w-Km,

hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\mKwKm,

D—e Pe-[nX-cwKm,

Xh-ip-`-\mta PmtK,

Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK,

Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm

P\-K-W-aw-K-e-Zm-bI Pbtl

`mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm.

Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb-tl,

Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

]Xn⁄

C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-co-

ktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln -°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw

sshhn -[y -]q¿W-hp -amb AXns‚ ]mc-º-cy -Øn¬ Rm≥

A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw apXn¿∂-

hscbpw _lp-am-\n-°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw t£a-Øn\pw

sFiz-cy-Øn-\pw- th≠n ]bXv\n°pw.

Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala

Website : www.scert.kerala.gov.ine-mail : scertkerala@asianetindia.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869First Edition : 2011Typesetting : SCERTLay out : SCERTCover design : SCERTPrinted at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi© Department of Education, Government of Kerala

ae-bmfw 3

]nb- hn-Zym¿Yn-I-tf,

ae-bmf`mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw Ipdn®v IqSp-X¬ Dƒ°m-gvN-tbmsS

]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ hn[-Øn-emWv ]Ømw ¢mknse ]mTy-]-

≤Xn Bkq-XWw sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. ]tbm-K-k-µ¿ -ß-fn¬ \n∂v mjm-

L-S-\-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dnbm\pw hyXy-kvX-am-\-Z-fi-߃

D]-tbmKn®v hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw \ap°p Ign-b-Ww. sshhn-[y-ap≈

cN-\-I-fn¬ ]cn-Nbw t\Sp-tºm-gmWv AXp km[y-am-hp-∂-Xv. Bi-b-hn-

\n-a-b-Øns‚ hyXykvXX ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ Cu At\z-jWw klm-b-I-

amhpw.

\Ωp-sS kmwkvIm-cnI]mc-º-cy-Øns‚bpw aqey-k-¶ev]ß-fp-sSbpw

thcp-Iƒ At\zjn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v kmln-Xy-]-T\w hgn-sX-fn-°p-∂p. ka-

Im-enI kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Ønse ]iv\-ßfpw ]Xn-k-‘nIfpw Cu ]mT-

]p-kvX-I-Ønse cN-\-Iƒ ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

sshhn-[y-ap≈ cN-\-Ifpw ]h¿Ø\\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®p-

sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønbn´p≈ Cu ]mT-]p-kvXIw hn]pehpw hnim-e-hp-

amb mjm-]-T-\-Øn\p hgn-sbmcp-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

kvt\lm-iw-k-I-tfmsS,

s]m^. Fw.-F. -Jm-Z¿

Ub-d-IvS¿

Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

]mT-]p-kvXI cN\mkanXn

AssUz-k¿ : sI.]n. i¶-c≥, doU¿ (dn´.) doPn-b-W¬ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v FUyq-t°-j≥

(F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn), ssakq¿

sNb¿am≥ : tUm. Un. _©-an≥, s]m^-k¿ & slUv Hm^v Zn Un∏m¿´vsa‚v (dn´.) tIcf

k¿h-I-em-ime

AIv_¿ I°-´n¬, saº¿, AssUz-kdn t_m¿Uv, tIµ- km-lnXy

A°m-Zan

AlΩZv sjco^v Pn.Fw.-B¿.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. t^m¿ tKƒkv,

Imk-d-tKmUv

DΩ¿ Sn. sI, SmtKm¿ hnZym-\n-tI-X≥ Pn.F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. Xfn-∏-dºv

ISm-t¶mSv ]`m-I-c≥, FUn-‰¿ (dn´.) tIc-f- km-lnXy A°m-Zan

NnX kn.]n., Ub-d-IvS¿ (dn´.) lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym- ymkw

Pnt\-jvIp-am¿ Fcaw, Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., aSm-bn, ]g-b-ßmSn ]n.H.

tPmjn Sn.sI., Pn.F-®v.-F-kv. XS-Øn¬∏-dºv

Znt\-i≥ ]n., Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., Fcp-a-s∏- n.

\mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥ ]n., s]m -k¿ (dn´.) tIc-f-h¿a tImtf-Pv,

Xr»q¿

]Im-i≥ ]n.]n., eIvN-d¿, Kh. tImtf-Pv, ]´m-ºn

t]a-N-µ≥ ]n., Pn.Pn. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ]ø-∂q¿

aS-hq¿ iin, So®¿ (dn´.) Pn.Fw.-_n.F®v.-F-kv.-Fkv ssX°m-Sv

aWn-I-WvT-Zmkv sI.hn., F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. N -©m¬

taml-\≥ sI.hn., Pn.Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., at©cn

blnb ]n., Pn.hn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ]øm-\-°¬

cma≥ ]n., Pn._n.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. s\∑md

hnt\mZv sshimJn, P\m¿Z-\-]pcw F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., H‰-ti-J-c-awKew

ioP B¿.-F-kv., hnIvSdn tKƒkv sslkvIqƒ, t\aw

tUm. kXy-t\-i≥ ]n., Akn.s]m -k¿ (dn´.) Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

kmln¿Pm≥ F., Pn.F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ]mf-bw-Ip∂v

AwK-߃

kwÿm\ hnZym- ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT)

hnZym-`h≥, ]qP-∏p-c, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 012

NnX-cN\

$ aZ-\≥, B¿´v FUn-‰¿, amXr-`qan. $ sI. jco^v, B¿´n-Ãv, amXr-`qan. $ cmP-Nµ≥, Kh. hn.F-®v.F-kv. h¿°e

$ cta-i≥ ]n., Ccn-ß-∂q¿ lb¿ sk°≠dn kvIqƒ. $ Beo-kv, alm-ap-Z, imkvX-aw-Kew

hnZKv[kanXn

H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v, s]m^-k¿ & slUv Hm^v Zn Un∏m¿´vsa‚v (dn´.), Kh¨sa‚v hna¨kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

kpµ-cw [\p-h-®-]pcw, ]n≥kn-∏¬ (dn´.) bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

hn. a[p-kq-Z\≥ \mb¿, s]m^-k¿ (dn´.) sk‚v tkthygvkv tImtf-Pv, Xpº, Xncp-h-\-¥]pcw

tUm. Fkv.-sI.hk-¥≥, s]m^-k¿ (dn´.), ioi-¶c tImtf-Pv, ImeSn

tUm. Fw.F≥. Imc-t»-cn, s]m^-k¿, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime

tUm. _n.-hn.i-in-Ip-am¿-, doU¿, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

tUm. sI.F. hm-kp-°p-´≥-, s]m^-k¿ (dn´.) Kh¨sa‚v hna¨kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

tUm. Fkv.-sI. A\n¬ , eIvN-d¿, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime

A°m-Z-anIv tImUnt\‰¿

tUm. ]n.sI.XneIv, dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

ae-bmfw 5

t]Pv

1. hm°mw h¿W-°pS NqSn... ............................................... 07

Fs‚ `mj ................................................................................................ 08

hm°ns‚ IqsS-cn-bp∂p ........................................................................ 09

kuµ-cy-]qP.............................................................................................. 12

ae-bmfw ...................................................................................................... 14

2. thWaokvt\l-_-‘-ß-fq-gn-bn¬ ............................... 18

sIm®pZpxJß-fp-dßq! .... .................................................................... 18

_“m-ebw Xpd-°-s∏´p ...................................................................... 20

tXmcm-ag ..................................................................................................... 24

Fs¥m-s°tbm \jvS-s∏´ Hcmƒ ................................................... 25

3. Aebpw aebpw IS-∂-h¿ ............................................... 31

BSp-Po-hnXw ............................................................................................. 31

B mw]Wn-°m¿ ................................................................................... 36

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen6

`mc-X-Øns‚ `c-W-L-S\`mKw IV I

auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃

51 I. auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ ˛ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂h `mc-X-Ønse Hmtcm

]uc-s‚bpw I¿Øhyw Bbn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ˛

(I) `c-W-L-S-\sb A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-

sfbpw tZiob]Xm-I-sbbpw tZiobKm\-sØbpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(J) kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS tZiobka-c-Øn\v ]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb

al-\o-bm-Z¿i-ßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI;

(K) `mc-X-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw

kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(L) cmPysØ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw tZiob tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Bhiy-

s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(M) aX-]-chpw `mjm-]-chpw ]mtZ-in-Ihpw hn`m-Ko-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-߃°Xo-

X-ambn `mc-X-Ønse F√m P\-߃°p-an-S-bn¬, kulm¿Zhpw s]mXp-hmb

kmtlm-Z-cy-a-t\m-`m-hhpw ]pe¿Øp-I. kvXoI-fpsS A¥- n\v Ipdhp hcp-

Øp∂ BNm-c-߃ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI;

(N) \ΩpsS kΩnikwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kº-∂-amb ]mc-º-cysØ hne-a-Xn-°p-

Ibpw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI;

(O) h\-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw h\yPo-hn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]IrXym D≈

]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Pohn-I-tfmSv ImcpWyw

ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(P) imkvXo -b -amb Img vN -∏mSpw am\-hn -I -Xbpw, At\z -j-W-Øn\pw

]cnjvIcWØn\pw D≈ at\m-`m-hhpw hnI-kn-∏n-°pI;

(Q) s]mXp-kzØv ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw i]Yw sNbvXv AIaw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI;

(R) cmjvSw bXv\-Øn-s‚bpw e£y-]m-]vXn-bp-sSbpw D∂-X-X-e-ß-fn-te°v

\nc¥cw Db-c-Ø-°-hÆw hy‡n-]-chpw Iq´m-b-Xp-amb ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

F√m afi-e-ß-fnepw D¬Ir-jvS-X-bv°p-th≠n A[zm-\n-°p-I.

(S) Bdn\pw ]Xn-\m-en\pw CSbv°v ]mb-ap≈ Xs‚ Ip´nt°m c£y-_m-e-I-t\m,

AXXp kwKXn t]mse, amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm c£-mI¿Ømthm hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-

\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

"F\n-°-Xns‚ mjbdn-bn-√t√m' F∂ Ihn-bpsS thh-em-Xn-bpsS s]mcp-sf-¥mhpw?

N¿®sNøp-I.

A¥n-bn-cp-´n¬

Zn°p-sX-‰nb s]¨]£n

Xs‚ IqSn-s\-s®m√n

Xs‚ Ip™n-s\-s®m√n

kw`-an®p Ic-bp-∂p.

F\n-°-Xns‚ IqS-dnbmw

Ip™n-t\-bp-a-dnbmw

F∂m¬ F\n-°-Xns‚

`mj-b-dn-bn-√t√m.

hn[n Iem-]nb

]cn-`mj : B‰q¿ chn-h¿a

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen8

an≠n-Øp-S-ßm≥ ian-°p∂ ]n©nfw˛

Np≠n-t∑-e-Ωn-™-∏m-tem-sSm-∏w,

AΩ-sb-∂p≈ c≠-£-c-a-√tbm

ktΩ-fn-®o-Sp-∂-sXm-∂m-a-Xmbv

a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [mXn-am¿!

a¿Øy∂p s]‰Ω X≥`m-j-Xm≥.

amXm-hn≥ hm’-ey-ZpKv≤w \pI¿∂mte

ss]X-߃ ]q¿W-h-f¿® t\Sq.

AΩ-Xm≥ Xs∂ ]I¿∂p-X-cp-sºmtg

\Ωƒ°-ar-Xp-a-ar-Xm-bvtØm∂q!

GsXmcp thZ-hp-ta-sXmcp imkvX-hp˛

tasXmcp Imhy-hp-ta-sXm-cmƒ°pw

lrØn¬∏Xn-tb-W-sa-¶n¬ kz`m-j-X≥

h‡-Øn¬ \n∂p Xm≥ tIƒ°-thWw.

lrZyw kz`m-j-X≥ ioI-c-tam-tcm-∂p˛

apƒtØ-\mbvt®cp∂p NnØ-Xm-cn¬;

A\y-_n-µp-°-tfm, X¬_-ln¿`m-Kta

an∂n-®p-\n¬°p∂ Xqap-Øp-Iƒ.

BZn-a-Im-hyhpw ]©-a-th-Zhpw

\oXn-s∏m-cp-fp-ap-]-\n-jØpw

]mSn- kz-Io-bsc tIƒ∏n® ssIcfn

]mS-h-lo\-sb-∂m¿ ]dbpw?

sIm≠mSn \m\m-hn-Nn-¥\X¥p-°ƒ

sIm≠mfl`mjsb hmbv∏n-°m-bvIn¬

tIc-f-Øn-∂o-bn-cpƒ°p-≠n¬ \ns∂m∂p

tIdm≥ ]nSn-°-b-sd¥p thsd?

a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [mXn-am¿!

a¿Ø-y-∂p -s]-‰-Ω -X≥`mj- Xm≥.

(kmln-X-y-a-RvP-cn, Ggmw`mKw)

$ ""tIc-f-Øn-∂o-bn-cpƒ°p-≠n¬ \ns∂m∂p

tIdm≥ ]nSn-°-b-sd¥p thsd?''

Fß-s\-bmWv amXr-`mj Ccpƒ°p-≠n¬\n∂p Ic-I-b-dm-\p≈ ]nSn-°-b-dmbn

Øocp-∂Xv?

$ ""a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [mXn-am¿!

a¿Ø-y-∂p -s]-‰-Ω -X≥`mj- Xm≥.''

amXr-`mj s]‰Ωbv°p Xpey-am-sW-∂m-Wt√m Ihn ]d-bp-∂-Xv. amXr-`mj F∂

Bibw "Fs‚ `mj' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

$

h≈-tØmƒh≈-tØmƒ

ae-bmfw 9

ico-csØ Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\ shSn-bp-≠-

Iƒ°m-hq. Bflobamb Iogvs∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚

am[yaw `mj-bm-Wv. `mj-bnepw kmln-Xy-

Øn-ep-ap≈ Fs‚Xs∂ hnZym-`ymkm\p-`-h-

ß-fn¬\n∂v AXn\v Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃

\¬Imw.

Rms\mcp henb I¿j-I-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-emWv

P\n-®-Xv. A—≥, \mep `mcy-am¿, Ccp-]-Øn-

sb´p a°ƒ. A°m-esØ coXn -bn¬

hf¿∂p ]¥-en®v Hcp kaqlw t]mep≈

IpSpw-_w.

hb-ep-I-fn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øn-cp∂ R߃

KnIpbp kwkm-cn-®p. hoSn-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw

R߃ Cu `m-j-bmWv kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

XoIq´n Np‰pancp∂v IY tI´n-cp∂ A°m-

esØ kmbm-”-߃ Fs‚ Hm¿a-bn-ep-≠v.

apXn¿∂-h¿ Ip´n-Iƒ°mbmWv IY-Iƒ ]d-

™n-cp-∂-sX-¶nepw F√m-hcpw AXv Bkz-

Zn-®n-cp-∂p. R߃ ASpØ Znhkw a‰p Ip´n-

Iƒ°v B IY-Iƒ ]d™psImSp-°pw.

bqtdm∏p-Imcp-sSbpw B^n-°-≥ P∑n-I-fp-

sSbpw ]mSßfnepw ]qt¥m- -ßfnepw ]Wn-

sb-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p B Ip´n-Iƒ.

KnIp-bp-hn¬ ]d-™p-X∂ an° IY-I-fnepw

arK-ß-fm-Wv IYm-]m-X-߃. sNdn-b-h\pw

Zp¿_-e-\p-sa-¶nepw kqX-im-en-bmb apb-em-

bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS \mb-I≥. knwlw, ]p≈n-

∏p-en, Igp-X-∏pen XpS-ßnb IqcarK-

߃s°-Xntc t]mcm-Sp∂ apb-ens\ \mb-

I-\mbn R߃ AwKo-I-cn-®p. Ahs‚ hnP-

b-߃ Rß-fpsS hnP-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-

\n¬ \n∂p R߃ Hcp ]mTw Kln®p:

i‡s\ Zp¿_-e\v _p≤n-sIm≠v tXm¬∏n-

°mw. hcƒ®, AXn-h¿jw, kqcy-Xm-]w,

i‡-amb Im‰v XpS-ßn-bh t\cn-Sp∂ arK-

ßsf R߃ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p. ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-

bp≈ CØcw G‰p-ap-´¬ an°-t∏mgpw kl-

I-c-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb hgn-Iƒ tXSm≥ IY-

I-fnse Zp¿_-esc t]cn -∏n -®n -cp -∂p.

Ah¿°n-S-bnse t]mcm-´-ßfpw Rßsf

ckn-∏n-®p, ]tXy-In®v arK-ßfpw Cc-Ifpw

XΩn-ep≈ t]mcm-´w. ]Ir-Xn°pw arK-

߃°p-sa-Xn-tc-bp≈ Cc´t∏m-cm´w a\p-jy-

tem-I-Øns‚ bYm¿Y Pohn-X-t∏m-cm- -ß-sf-

bmWp ]Xn-^-en-∏n-®-Xv.

a\p-jy≥ apJy-I-Ym-]m-X-amb IY-Ifpw

R߃ hn´p-I-f-™n-√. a\p-jy-s\ tIµo-

I-cn-®p≈ IY-I-fn¬ c≠pXcw IYm-]m-X-

ß-fm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. [oc-X, Imcp-Wyw,

KqKn hm XnHmwtKmKqKn hm XnHmwtKm

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen10

Xn∑-tbm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v, klm-\p-`qXn XpS-

ßnb kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-I-fp-≈-hcm-bn-

cp∂p Hcp hn`mKw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-

Øn¬s∏-Sp -∂-h¿ B¿Øn, kzm¿Y-X,

Rms\∂ `mhw, kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp≈

shdp∏v F∂n-h-bp-≈-hcmbn-cp∂p. BXy-¥n-

I-amb \∑ kl-I-c-W-amWv; AXm-bn-cp∂p

ÿnc-amb ]ta-b-hpw. cm£-k-∑m¿°pw Cc-

tX-Sp∂ arK-߃°p-sa-Xntc a\p-jy\pw arK-

ßfpw H∂n-°p∂ IY-Iƒ.

\∂mbpw tami-ambpw IY-]-d-bp-∂-h-¿

AhnsS D-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ timXm-

°ƒ°v ]pXnb A\p-`qXn ]I¿∂psIm≠n-

cn-°pw. a‰mtcm ]d™ IY Ah¿°v IqSp-

X¬ \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-

™p. hm°p-I-fp-sSbpw _nw_-ß-fp-sSbpw

D]-tbm-K-Ønepw hnhn[ kzc-߃ krjvSn-

°p-∂- i_vZ-I-ao-I-c-WØnepw Ah¿ hyXy-

kvXX ]pe¿Øn. AXn-\m¬ R߃ hm°p-

I-fpsS A¿Y-Øn\pw Ah-bpsS hyXykvX

am\-߃°pw henb aqeyw Iev]n-®p. hm°p-

Iƒ shdpsX tIm¿Øn´ Nc-S√ mj. hm°p-

Iƒ sIm≠p≈ Ifn-I-fn-eqsS, IS¶-Y-I-fn-

eqsS, ]g-s©m-√p-I-fn-eqsS, A£-c-ß-fpsS

adn®psNm√-ep-I-fn-eqsS `mj-bpsS hio-I-

cWi‡n R߃°v Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p.

D≈-S-°-Øn-\∏pdw hnl-cn-°p∂ mj-bpsS

kwKoXw R߃ Aßs\ a\- n-em-°n.

_nw-_-ß-fn-eqsSbpw ]Xo-I-ß-fn-eqsSbpw

`mj R߃°v temI-Øns‚ ImgvN kΩm-

\n-®p. Ahbv°v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb kuµ-cy-

ap-≠-mbncp-∂p. Aßs\ hoSpw hbepw

R߃°v ]mY-anIhnZym-e-b-ß-fm-bn.

]ns∂ Rm≥ kvIqfn¬ tN¿∂p ˛ Hcp

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kvIqƒ. AtXmsS Cu kzc-

t®¿® C√m-Xm-bn. Fs‚ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚

`mj Fs‚ kwkvImc-Øns‚ `mj-bm-bn-cp-

∂n-√. kphn-ti-j-I¿ \S-Ønb Iam-¥-c-bn-

emWv Rm≥ ]Tn-°m≥ sN∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv

Rm≥, KnIpbp kzmX-¥y-hm-Zn-Ifpw IcnwK

kvIqƒ Atkm-kn -tb-j\pw \S-Ønb

am≥KpK hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. F\n°v

BZy-ambn \o≠ ssIb-Sn-bn-eqsS AwKo-

Imcw e`n-®Xv KnIpbp mj-bn¬ Rm≥ Fgp-

Xnb cN-\bv°m-Wv. Cu ImeØv Fs‚

Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ `mjbpw

enap I¿jIkaq-l-Øns‚ mjbpw XΩn¬

s]mcpØ-s∏´p.

1952 ˛¬ sI\n-b-bn¬ A[n-\n-thi`c-W-

IqSw ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ ]Jym-]n-®-tXmsS

kzcmPykvt\ln-I-fmb tZio-b-hm-Zn-Iƒ \S-

Ønbncp∂ hnZym-e-b-߃ Cw•o-jp-Im-cpsS

ta¬t\m-´-Øn-ep≈ hnZym-`ymkt_m¿Up-I-

fpsS Iogn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p. ho≠pw Fs‚

Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym -`ymk-Øns‚ `mj

Cw•ojv Bbn-Øo¿∂p. sI\n-b-bn¬ Cw•o-

jn\v Hcp `mj-sb-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ henb

]m[m\yw D≠m-bn.

kvIqƒ ]cn-k-cØv Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw h®v

KnIpbp `mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn®p F∂ Ip‰-

Øn\v ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv G‰hpw Xcw-Xm-

WXpw e÷m-h-l-hpamb A\p- -h-ß-fn-sem-

∂mbn amdn. Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v imco-cnI]oU

\¬In-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-]p-dsa HSp-°m≥ Ign-

bmØ ]ngbpw. A[ym-]-I¿ Fß-s\-bm-bn-

cp∂p Cu Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂Xv?

BZyw Hcp Ip´n°v Hcp _´¨ kΩm-\n-°pw.

amXr--`m-j-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ Ip´n°v Ah-

\Xv ssIam-d-Ww. Aßs\ Cu _´¨ e`n®

F√m Ip´n-Ifpw sshIp-t∂cw Hcp-an®v

BcpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂mWv X߃°v

_´¨ e`n-®Xv F∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

AtXmsS Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ ]nSn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. Cu ]In-b- Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf

]nSn-Iq-Sm-\p≈ Xmev]cyw hf¿Øn. IqSmsX

cmPy-tZm-ln-bm-bm¬ h∂p-`-hn-°mhp∂

\jvS-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p t_m[-

ap≠m-hp∂p. Cw•ojv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xntem

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xntem anIhp ]I-Sn-∏n-®m¬

AXn\v henb kΩm-\-߃, A`n-\-µ-\w,

Ic-tLm-jw, Db¿∂ afi-e-ß-fn-te-°p≈

]th-i-\m-\p-aXn XpS-ßn-bh e`n-®n-cp-∂p.

_p≤n-i-‡n-bnepw Ie-bnepw imkvX-

Ønepw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ F√m afi-e-ß-

ae-bmfw 11

fnepw Ign-hns‚ Af-hp-tIm¬ Cw•ojv mj-

bmbnØo¿∂p. tImf\nhmgvN-°m-esØ

hnZym-`ymkkwhn-[m-\-Øn\v h¿Whnth-

N\kz`mhw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]mY-anIhnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ \n∂v c≠mw-L´

hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v hnZym¿Yn-Isf Xnc-s™-

Sp-Øn-cp-∂Xv ]co-£-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Fs‚

]T-\-Im-eØv B ]co-£sb sI\nb B^n-

°≥ ]mcw- -]-co£ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. B

]co -£-bn¬ Pbn -°p -∂-Xn\v KWnX

imkvXw apX¬ ]Ir-Xn-]-T-\w hscbpw

Inkvhmlnen mjbpw Dƒs∏sS Bdp hnj-

b-ß-fn¬ hnP-bn-°-Ww. F√m hnj-b-ßfpw

Cw•o-jn¬ Fgp-X-Ww. Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬

tXm¬°p∂ B¿°pwXs∂ ]co-£-bn¬

Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

a‰p≈ hnj-b-߃°v FXXs∂ am¿°v

t\Sn-bmepw Cw•ojn¬ anI-hpIm-´n-bm¬

amXta _ncpZhnZym¿Yn AWn-tb≠ Nph∏v

Ku¨ e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Cw•o-jn\v

hnPbw amXw t]mcm! Cw•o-jn¬ A\n-Xc

km[m-cW hnPbw ssIh-cn-®m¬ amXta

Cu ]nc-an-Uns‚ G‰hpw Akq-bm-h-l-amb

ÿm\Øv FØn-t®-cm≥ Bhp-I-bp-≈q.

Cw•o-jn¬ tbmKy-Xm-]Xw e`n® hy‡n-

Iƒt° hnin-jvS-amb ÿm\-߃ Ae-¶-

cn-°m≥ km[n-°p--I-bp-≈q. A[n-\n-thi

kmam-Py-Øns‚ D∂-X-ß-fn¬ FØm-\p≈

Htc-sbmcp D]mbw Cw•ojv mj-bm-bn-cp∂p.

Cu `mj B[n-]Xyw Dd-∏n-®-tXmsSm∏w

kmln-Xy-]-T\w GXp-hn-[-Øn¬ thW-sa∂v

BXy-¥n-I-ambn Xocp-am-\n°p∂ i‡n

bmbpw AXv amdn. sI\n-b≥ hmsam-gn-Ifn-

eq-sS-bp≈ mjm-]-T\w \n¿Ø-em-°n. ]mY-

anI hnZym-e-b-Øn¬h®v ]ikvX BwK-

ekmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS efn-X-am°nb IrXn-

Iƒ hmbn°m≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n®p.

Hen-h¿ SznÃv t]mep≈ IrXn-Iƒ `mh-\-

bpsS temI-Ønse Iq´p-Im-cmbn Znhkhpw

Fs‚ IqsSbp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sk°≠-dn

kvIqfn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-h-ap≈ Cw•ojv

IrXn-Iƒ hmbn-®p. ItaW kz¥w mjbpw

kmln-Xyhpw R߃°v A\y-am -bn -

Øo¿∂p.

A[n-\nthikwhn-[m\w F¥mWv Rß-sf-

t∏m-ep≈ sI\n-b≥ Ip´n-I-fn¬ sNbvXXv?

HcphiØv Rß-fpsS mj-I-sfbpw kmln-

Xy-ßsfbpw ASn-®-a¿Øn. adp-h-iØv

Cw•ojv `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw

BIm-i-tØmfw Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

AXns‚ ]Xym-LmXw hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

UntImf-ss\-knMv Zn ssa≥Uv

hnh¿ØI¿: _nPp-cmPv, _n\p- C-S-\mSv

$ \n߃°-dn-bm-hp∂ Hcp \mtSm-Sn-°Y ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. Ah-X-

cWssien IY-bpsS `mh-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn N¿®-sN-øp-I.

$ \nß-fpsS ]tZ-i-Øp -amXw ]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ GXm\pw hm°p-Iƒ Is≠Øn

Ahbv°v A¿Y-hn-h-cWw \¬In Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

$ ""ico-csØ Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\ shSn-bp-≠-Iƒ°m-hq. Bflobamb Iogvs∏-Sp-Ø-

ens‚ am[yaw mj-bmWv'' Cu A`n-]mbw hni-I-e\wsNbvXv Ip-dn-∏v Xbm-dm-

°p-I.

$ kvIqƒ]cn-k-c-Øp-h®v KnIpbp mj kwkm-cn-®m¬ in£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A\p-`hw

hmbn-®-t√m. kvIqfn¬ ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-®-Xn\v ]ng CuSm-°nb A\p-`hw

tIc-f-Øn-ep-ap-≠v. \ΩpsS `mjsb A]-am-\n-°p-∂Xv \mw Xs∂-bt√? ]Xn-I-

c-W-°p-dn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. $

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen12

Ipfn®p ]qs∏m-en-∏m-´n¬

hnfn®p ae-\m-Sns\:

Hfn®p ]q°-fw-Xo¿Øp

Ifn® ]pe¿-th-f-Iƒ.

]d-∂p-t]m-bv]-©-h¿W˛

°nfn-°q-´-߃t]m-eth,

Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hn-tem-W-∏q˛

°pºn-tf-¥nb k‘y-Iƒ.

Imhn-a-Æn-gp-Ip-wsImºp

Ipep-°n-Øm-S-bm-´nbpw,

IpXn-®p-]m™q Nnß-∏q˛

tØcn¬∏q´nb Imf-Iƒ.

IÆo-c-Wn™p IpKm-a˛

e£van-t\m-°n-bn-cn-°-sh,

tIh-©n-tI-dn-t∏m-tbm-W˛

shÆn-em-h-Wn-cm-hp-Iƒ.

IkvXq-cn-°p-dn-]q-ip∂

hc-ºn≥ h°n-sem-s°bpw

Im¬sh-∏n-\m¬ ]q\n-cØo

cay-im-c-Z-I-\y-I.

kXz-sh-◊-sbgpw I∂n

hm\n¬®p-‰n-∏-d-°th,

]qa-Wn-®n-d-In≥Im-‰n˛

emSo kz¿Kobku`Kw!

\ni-X≥ JWvU-Im-hy-߃

XncpØpw kpcy-c-ivan-Iƒ

\n¿an®p Xqh-en≥Xp-ºm¬

`mh-\m-a-Wn-]-Ø\w!

kXy-]Ir-XnZo-]-Øn¬˛

°Øpw s]m≥Xn-cn-t]m-e-th,

Acn-hm-tf¥n\n¬°p∂q

I∂n- -I¿j-I-I-\y-I.

Ipfp-¿s°-b-hƒ t\m°p-tºmƒ

]qØq hn¨]n-®-I-s®Sn

Ahƒ \ocm-Sth \oe˛

Z¿∏Ww ]mgv®-fn-°pfw!

(]q°fw)

]n.- Ip-™n-cm-a≥\mb¿]n.- Ip-™n-cm-a≥\mb¿

ae-bmfw 13

$ ""]d-∂p-t]m-bv]©-h¿W˛

°nfn-°q-´-߃t]m-eth,

Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hn-tem-W-∏q˛

°pºn-tf-¥nb k‘y-Iƒ.''

""IÆo-c-Wn™p IpKm-a˛

e£van-t\m-°n-bn-cn-°-sh

tIh-©n-tI-dn-t∏m-tbm-W˛

shÆn-em-h-Wn-cm-hp-Iƒ.''

]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ihn sXfn-bn-s®-Sp-°p∂ a\p-jy-`m-h-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv? ]Ir-Xn-

h¿W-\-Isf Fß-s\-bmWv Ah Poh-Øm°p∂Xv?

$ ""Ipfn®p ]qs∏m-en-∏m-´n¬

hnfn-®p-a-e-\m-Sns\

Hfn®p ]q°fwXo¿Øp

Ifn® ]pe¿th-f-Iƒ.''

ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Z-Øn-\p- ]-Icw as‰mcp ]Zw Is≠-Ømtam? \n߃ Is≠-Ønb

]Zw Ihn-X-bpsS Xmf-Øn\pw `mh-Øn\pw CW-ßp-∂-XmtWm? N¿®sNøp-I.

$ tIc-f-Øns‚ ]Ir-Xn-ku-µcyw t]mse-Øs∂ `mj-bp-sS kuµcyhpw \in-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmtWm? N¿®sNøpI.

$

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen14

`qan-bpsS ]pg-Iƒ°pw I\n-Iƒ°pw aptº

Fs∂ Aar-Xq-´n-bn-cp∂ s]m°nƒs°mSn

thZ-\-bpsS [\y-aq¿—-bn¬ kzbw hf¿∂v

Fs∂ Dep-h-bp-sSbpw shfp-Øp-≈n-bp-sSbpw

Xo£vW kpK-‘-ß-fn-te-°m-\-bn-®-hƒ

shfn-®-Øns‚ A∏q-∏≥Xm-Sn-IƒsIm≠v

DÆn-bp-S-ense Cu‰p-tNmc XpS®v

amºq-a-W-Øn¬ kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-hƒ

s]m∂pw- h-bºpw sIm≠v Fs‚ \mhn≥Xp-ºn¬

J\n-I-fpsS Bghpw h\-ß-fpsS kmµ-X-bpw ]I¿∂-hƒ

Cc-bnΩs‚ Xmcm´pw DÆm-bn-bpsS ]Z-ßfpw sIm≠v

Fs∂ kz]v\-ß-fn-te-°p-d-°n-°n-S-Øn-b-hƒ

hnc¬Øp-ºn¬∏n-Sn®v aW-ens‚ sh≈n-s°m-ºn¬

lcn-io-bpsS cmP-a-√n-Iƒ hnS¿Øn-b-hƒ

A—-t\mSpw kqcy-t\m-Sp-sam∏w In-g-°p-]p-d-Øp-Zn®v

hymI-c-Whpw Ihn-Xbpw Im´n

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

ae-bmfw 15

Fs∂ `b-s∏-SpØn ]tem-`n-∏n-®-hƒ

Fs‚ kvsf-bv‰n¬ hnS¿∂ hSn-hp‰ ag-hn√v

Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øm-fn¬ s]‰ps]cp-Inb abn¬∏oen

Fs‚ Np-≠p-I-fnse a[p-c-®-h¿∏p‰ Ce-™n-∏gw

hgn-b-cn-In¬ Rm≥ tI´p-h-f¿∂ \nc-¥c Jc-l-c-]nb

kzc-ß-fn-eqsS tX\pw hyRvP-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ccp-ºp-sam-gp-°p∂

Aº-sØm∂p Iºn-I-fp≈ hoW

Rm‰p-th-e-bn¬\n∂p Rm‰p-th-e-bn-te°p t]mIp∂

Infn-∏m-´ns‚ Ipep-ßp∂ Xq°p-]mew

Adnhpw BS-tem-S-Ihpw aW-°p∂

]g-sam-gn-I-fpsS \nd-\n-emhv

]mºn≥-am-f-߃ \nd™ IS-¶-Y-I-fpsS

\qWp-t]m-tI≠ ssaem-©n-h-gn-Iƒ

k‘y--I-fn¬ A·n-hn-ip-≤-bmbn

I\-I-]` sNmcn™ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ koXm-am-Xmhv

]®bpw Inco-S-hp-a-Wn™v Aca-Wnbpw Nneºpw Inep°n

R߃ t\Snb hmSmØ IeymWkuK-‘nIw

D’-h-∏n-t‰-∂sØ ]pe-cn-a-b-°-Øn¬

tN¶n-e-ap-g-°-tØm-sSm∏w ImXp-I-fn¬ ]qØp-\n∂

kmay-a-I-t∂m-cp-Zym\w

£oc-km-K-c-i-b-\s‚ \m`n-bn¬ apf-sb-SpØ

kzmXn-bpsS kwKoXktcm-cplw

Ben≥tNm-´n-se FÆ-a‰ taf-Øn-c-I-fn¬

Ben-e-bn¬ s]m¥n-°n-S∂ ssNX\yw

tkmf-as‚ Xmgvhc-bnse lwk-ip-`-bmb en√n

tami-bvs°m∏w ]h-Nn-®-hƒ, Zmho-Zn-t\m-sSmØv

Imf-°q-‰-∑m-cpsS sImºn¬\n∂p Ic-™-hƒ,

]pd-s∏-´-hƒ, Iqin-°-s∏-´-hƒ, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-hƒ,

ae-bm-fw.

"ae-bmfw' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS BZy-Jfiw

(sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ 1965 ˛ 1998)

$ ""Fs‚ kvsfbv‰n¬ hnS¿∂ hSn-hp‰ ag-hn√v

Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øm-fn¬ s]‰p-s]-cp-Inb abn¬∏oen''

amXr-`mj ]I¿∂ A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv Ihn ChnsS Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv. \ap°v kz¥w

`mj ]nb-¶-c-am-hp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-߃ hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen16

$ ""Adnhpw BS-tem-SIhpw aW-°p∂

]g-sam-gn-I-fpsS \nd-\n-emhv

]mºn≥am-f-߃ \nd™ IS-¶-Y-I-fpsS

\qWpt]mtI≠ ssaem-©n-h-gn-Iƒ''

]g-sam-gn-I-fp-sSbpw IS-¶-Y-I-fp-sSbpw Fs¥√mw ]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv ASn-h-c-bn´

]Z-߃ sIm≠p kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? \n߃°p ]cn-N-b-ap≈ ]g-sam-gn-Ifpw

IS-¶-Y-Ifpw DZm-l-cn®p hnh-cn-°p-I.

$ ""A—\pw AΩbpw ]W-bn®

`mj ae-bmfw

Ipºn-fn¬ I™n, hni-∏m-‰p-hm≥

hm°pX∂ ae-bmfw

s]ß-tfm-sS√mw ]d™p Xfn¿°p-hm≥

h∂ ae-bmfw

Iqen t]msc-∂-X-dn™p ]nW-ßp-hm≥

Bbp[w X∂ ae-bmfw.'' (AΩae-bmfw˛Ipco∏pg ioIp-am¿)

$ ""Fs∂-bp-d-°m≥ InS-Øp-sºmgpw sas√˛

sas√-bn-cp-´n∂pa∏pdw ]f-b-Øn˛

sem∂m-b-en-bn-s®-Sp-°p-sºm-gpw, ]ns∂

Rm\dnbmsX hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-sºmgpw

F¥n-s\-∂n-√m-sX-bp-Z-b-KXn hne-b-߲

sf∂n-eq-sS-∂p-am-h¿Øn-®n-Sp-sºmgpw

hms°s‚bΩ-bp-a-—-\p-am-Ip∂p

hm°n≥ hnc¬ Xqßn-bt√m \S-°p-∂p.'' (hm°v˛hn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥\mb¿)

$ ""A—-t\mSpw kqcy-t\m-Sp-sam∏w In-g-°p-]p-d-Øp-Zn®v

hymI-c-Whpw Ihn-Xbpw Im´n

Fs∂ `b-s∏-SpØn ]tem-`n-∏n-®-hƒ'' (ae-bm-fw-˛-k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥)

Ihn-Xm-`mK߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv `mj-tbmSv Ihn-Iƒ°p≈ ho£Ww hne-bn-cp-

ØpI.

$ ""tN¶neapg-°-tØm-sSm∏w ImXp-I-fn¬ ]qØp\n∂ kma-y-a-I-t∂m-cp-Z-ym\w''

tN¶n-e-bpsS apg°w F∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw "tN¶n-e-ap-g°w' F∂v Ihn ChnsS ]tbm-

Kn-®-sX¥psIm-≠mhmw? N¿®sNøp-I. kam-\-amb ]tbm-K-߃ Is≠Øn

]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-I.

$ ""BZw \osb-hn-sSsØ'∂cpƒ sNbvX

\mZwtI´p Ipepßn ]dp-Zok

BZ-hp-a-g-tI-dnb `mcybpw

`oXn-]q≠p `an®phnd-®p-S≥

ssZhIev]\m\mZ-߃ tI´-t∏mƒ

ssZhn-I-ap-≈n¬ ]p°p-S-\m-Zhpw

ae-bmfw 17

ssZh-\ymbw IS-∂Xp Nn¥n®p

ssZhta! ]ng-s®-∂-h≥ tXdn-\m≥

\mW-sa-s¥-∂-dn-bmØ am\p-j¿

\mWn®p ]X-hkvXw [cn-®p-S≥

sNbvX-tZm-j-Øn-∂p-Ø-c-a-s∏mtg

kpXm-]-tØm-S-\p-`-hn-®m-c-h¿

hºp-tam-ln-®-kp-c-t\m-sSm-∂n®p

]mºp-am-\p-jsc NXn-sN-bvI-bm¬

]mºns\ kI-te-i≥ i]n-®p-S≥

h≥]I am\p-j¿°m°n Iev]n®p.''

18˛ mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb P¿a≥ anj-\-dn-bmb A¿tWm-kp-]m-Xn-cn-

bpsS "IqXm-i-∏m\' F∂ IrXn-bnse Hcp `mK-amWv apI-fn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv.

CXnse `mjm-coXn C∂sØ `mjm-co-Xn-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-

gpXp-I.

$

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen18

imh-W-]p-jv]-߃ ImtXm¿Øp \n¬°p-s∂m˛

coh-gn-Øm-c-bn-eqtS,

H°-Øp-]m-´ns‚ tX≥Ip-S-ta¥n \o˛

sbØnbn√;¥n abßo!...

s]¨sIm-So, \o aWnØw_pcp-hm-°p-am˛

a¨Ip-S-an-∂m¿°p hn‰q?

\mthdpw ItÆ-dp-ta¬°m-sXbo ae˛

\mSn-s\-t∏m-‰p∂ Km\w

\mK-^Ww hnXn¿Øm-Snb ]p≈p-h˛

hoW-bn-s∂t¥ abßo?

H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏vH.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v

ae-bmfw 19

""]mSpI ho≠p'' sat∂m-Xp∂p ho¿∏n-´p

]mXn-cm-∏q-hns‚ au\w.

\o´p∂p cmhp-Iƒ shÆn-em-hn-∂n-f-˛

-∂o¿°pSw: ""samØn-°p-Sn°q!''

sXm´p-W¿Øo-Sp∂p ]ns∂-bn-fw-sh-bn¬

sam´p-I-fn-°n-fn-Iq- n.

sX®n-∏-g-ß-fn-dp-Øp-sIm-t≠m-Sp∂

sX°≥a-Wn-°m-‰p-tamXo:

""]mSpI ho≠pw...'' kph¿W-i-e-`-߃

]mdn-∏-d-°p∂p Np‰pw!

sIm°p hnS¿Øp∂nsX∂nsetbIm¥˛

X]vXamw \oUØn-\p≈n¬

As°m®p imcnI!˛`qanI\ybvs°gpw

ZpxJ߃ ]mSnb Xø¬˛

\mSp shSn™pt]mw \∑IƒX≥ IY*

]mSnb ss]¶nfnss∏X¬

sIm°n¬ Npc∂ \dp-t¥≥ \pI¿s∂s‚

sIm®pZpxJßfp-dßq!

\n߃X≥ IÆo¿ Ie-cm-Xn-cn-°s´˛

bns∂-¶nepsas‚ ]m´n¬!

(A·n-i-e-`-߃)

$ \∑-I-ƒ \mSp-sh-Sn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂Xns\-°p-dn®v ss]¶n-fn-ss∏-X¬ ]mSp-tºmƒ Ihn-

bpsS sIm®pZpxJ߃ Dd-ßp-∂p. "\n߃X≥ IÆo¿ Ie-cm-Xn-cn-°s´

bns∂-¶nepsas‚ ]m´n¬!' F∂v Ihn BK-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Ihn-Xsb

kw_-‘n® F¥p ImgvN-∏m-SmWv CXn-\p-]n-∂n-ep-≈Xv?

$ \mtSm-Sn-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS \miw Hcp-`m-KØv `oj-Wn-bmbn \n¬°p-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-

bpsS cay-`m-h-߃ adp-`m-KØv Ihnsb \nc-¥cw ]tem-`n-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu sshIm-

cnI ]Xn-k‘n Ihn-X-bn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv sXfn-bp-∂Xv?

$ sshIm-cn-I-X, kwKo-Xm-fl-I-X, sshb-‡n-IX XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv `mh-Ko-X-ß-

fpsS khn-ti-j-XIƒ. "sIm®pZpxJ-ß-fp-dßq...!' F∂ IhnX hni-I-e\w sNbvXv

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

$

*ssItIbn cmas\ Im´n-te-°-b-∏n®p; ]ns∂, B cma≥ Xs∂ koX-sb-bpw.

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen20

sIm√w, amkw, Znhkw Cs∂-\n-t°m¿a-

bn-√. Hcp-\mƒ AkvX-a-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn c≠-

]-cn-Nn-X-∑m¿ Fs‚ ]Sn-°¬ h∂v Fs∂

At\z -jn®p˛ Hcmƒ io. kn.F-kv .

tKm]mepw at‰-bmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp

kvt\ln-X\pw. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£X-]-thi\-

]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Xo®qf io. sI. tIf-∏s‚

akvXn-jvI-Øn¬ \odn-∏p-I-bp∂ Ime-am-bn-

cp∂p AXv. Fs‚ \m´nse kh¿W-cn¬

A\p-Iq-en-Isfbpw ]Xn-Iq-en-I-sfbpw aW-

Ø-dn™v kwL-S\ ]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ DZy-

an-°-W-sa-∂p≈ io. tIf-∏s‚ A`n-emja-

dn-bn-°-emWv Ah-cpsS BK-a-t\m-t±-iyw.

GsXm-c-h¿W\pw, Abm-sfX alm-\m-

bmepw icn, GXp kh¿W-k-t¶-X-Ønepw

]th-i\w \ntj-[n-®n-cns° Hcp \ºq-Xncn

Kr-l-Øn-te°v Ah-sc-ßs\ Ib-dn-hcpw?

Rm\-hsc ]qap-J-tØ°p sIm≠p-t]mbn

ka-cymZw kzoI-cn-®p. Hc-c-a-Wn-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬

R߃°p ]d-bm-\p≈Xv ]d-™-h-km-\n-

∏n-s®-¶nepw B sshInb thf-bn¬ Ahsc

Rm≥ t]mhm-\-\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Aßs\ Rß-

f-hnsS sskzc-ambn skm≈n-°q-Sn.

A∂v A—-\p≈ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]mbw

Adp-]-Xn-ep-a-∏p-d-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw At±lw

A\p-h¿Øn®pt]m∂n-cp∂ Xt]m-\n-jvT-amb

Zn\-N-cy°p bmsXm-cbhpw _m[n-®n-cp-∂n√.

shfp-∏m≥ImeØv aWn aq∂p ap´n-bm¬

DW¿s∂-gp-t∂-¬°pw. Fs‚ hmk-ÿ-

eØp \n∂p kpam¿ Hcp \mgnI Zqc-ap-≠v

`mc-X-∏p-g-bn-te°v. Ahn-sS-bmWv At±-l-

Øns‚ Ipfn. ]pg-h-°-Øp≈ bt⁄-izcw

t£X-Øn¬ ]I¬ apgp-h≥ `P-\-an-cp∂v

Ign-®p-Iq-´pw. cmXn F´p-a-Wnt° Xncn-s®-

Øp-I-bp-≈q. XhnSp If-bmsX thhn®

\nthZyw kar-≤-amb hn`-h-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn

hnkvX-cn-®n-cp∂v DuWp Ign-°pw. Fs‚ mcy

ioa-Xn hn. Sn. iotZhn A¥¿P\w ]nXr-

\n¿hn-ti-j-amb `‡ym-Z-c-ß-tfmsS ]cn-N-

cn-°pw. DuWn-\n-S-bnse "shSn-h´'Øn¬

\n∂v A∂-∂sØ kmap-Zm-bnI˛cmjvSob

kmº-ØnI kwK-Xn-Isf kw_-‘n® hnh-

c-߃ At±lw At\z-jn-®-dn-bpw. Xoh-amb

hXw aqew ipjvI-i-co-c-s\-¶nepw shÆo-

dn¬ I\-se-∂-t]mse Hfn-™p-In-S-°p∂

IpSpw-_-kvt\lw B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ At±-

l-Øn¬ kap-÷zen-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp -∂p.

GXm≠v Hcp aWn-°q¿ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Cu

"Xncp-h-Ømgw' Hcp sshZnI I¿a-Øns‚

at´m-Sp-IqSn ]cy-h-km-\n® DSs\ At±lw

kz¥w apdn-bn¬ sN∂p InS°pw. 24 aWn-

°q-dn-\n-S-bn¬ Cl-tem-I-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w

Cu Hcp aWn-°q¿ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cß-

s\-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ \ntXy-\-

bp≈ Pohn-X-N-cy. Znh-kØn-sem-cq-Wv, FÆ

tXbv°n-√, £uc-an√, H‰apt≠ DSp-°q, AX-

e-°p-I-bn-√, Iodn-bme√msX am‰p-I-bp-an-√.

taem-k-Iew `kvaw ]qipw. Npcp-°-Øn¬,

Cµn-b-ß-sf√mw _em-e-a¿Øn-s°m≠v

CW-°n-»o-en® B _“-N-cy-Po-hnXw im¥-

am-sbm-c-·n-]¿h-X-Øns‚ ]Xo-Xn-tbmsS

\o≠p-t]m-hpIbmbn-cp-∂p.

AXn-Yn-Ifpw Rm\pw-IqSn ]qap-J-Øn-cp∂p

shSn-]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. cmXn aWn F´-Sn-®p.

Hcnfw\nemhv Krlm-¶-W-Øn¬ ]c-Øn-

s°m≠p ]©-an-®-µ≥ Z£n-W-N-I-hm-f-

Øn¬ Ncn™pXqßn-\n-∂p. hnim-e-amb

hb-en¬ Hcp ioX-°m‰p h´wNp‰n-°-fn-®p.

hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSvhn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

ae-bmfw 21

B \nio-Y-\n-»-_vZ-Xsb t`Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈

at¥m-®m-cWw C√sØ ]qap-JsØ apJ-

cn -X-am°n. Aº-e-°p-f-Øn¬ \n∂p≈

A—s‚ hc-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXn-Yn-I-fmb

Cu Ah¿W¿ A—-\p-ambn t\cn- m¬ D≠m-

tb-°m-hp∂ B]¬^-e-ßsf `b-s∏´p

Rms\mcp kqX-∏Wn sNbvXp. A—≥

A¥∏p-c-Øn-e-W-bp-∂Xn\p apºmbn Rm\-

hsc Ipfn -°m≥ Iq´ns°m≠p-t]m-bn.

A—s‚ AØmgw Ign™v Dd-ßm≥ t]mb

ka-bw-hsc Rm\-hsc Ipf-°-S-hn¬ Xma-

kn-∏n-®p. At±lw DuWp-I-gn™p InS-∏m-

sb-∂-dn-™-tijw Rm≥ AXn-Yn-Isf Iq´n-

s°m-≠p-t]mbn AØm-g-am-cw- n-®p. Aßs\

Hcp henb \ne-hn-f-°ns‚ apºn¬ Htc ]¥n-

∏m-b-bn-en-cp∂v R߃ DÆp-∂p. A¥¿P-

\-߃ Nm¿®-°m-cmb \ºqXn-cn-am¿s°-∂-

t]mse bmsXmcp ]cn-`-ahpw IqSmsX hnf-

ºp-∂p. tXm -Øn-en-S-Xq¿∂p-\n¬°p∂ Ihp-

ßn≥\nc-I-fn¬ ]pXp-Xmbn hncn™ ]q°p-

e-bpsS t\cnb aWw ]c-Øn-s°m≠v aµ

-am-cp-X≥ Rßsf hoin-°p-fn¿∏n-°p-∂p.

"F\n-°n-hsc a\- n-em-bn√'˛ A—s‚

i_vZw tI´p Rm≥ hmXn¬°-te°p

t\m°n. lc! lc! NI-em-kp -sIm≠v

Htc-dm-∏n´v c≠p ssIIfpw I´n-f-Øq-Wn-t∑-

e-a¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v sh≈-Øm-Sn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb

apJw Rß-fp-Æp∂ Xf-Øn-te-°p-¥n-∏n-Sn-

®p-sIm-≠v A—-\ßs\ \n¬°p-∂p. Fs‚

DS-em-k-Iew Np´p-\o-dn. Rm≥ hnb¿sØm-

en-®p. Dcp-´nb Dcpf ssIbn¬Øs∂ ]nSn-

®p-sIm≠v Hcp inem-]-Xn-a-t]mse Rm≥

\nt›-jvS-\mbn Ccp-∂-pt]m-bn. sh≈-Øm-

Snbpw kva-°p-dnbpw NI-emkp]pX-∏p-ambn

apºn¬ s]s´∂p ]Xy-£-s∏´ A—-s\-

°≠v AXn-Yn-Iƒ A¥w-adn™n-cn-°p-I-bm-

Wv. hnf-ºm≥ ImØp\n¬°p∂ A¥¿P-\-

߃ "tKmkmbn'sb°≠ s]¨In-Sm-ß-sf-

t∏mse ASp-°-f-ap-°n¬ sNs∂m-fn-®n-cn-

°p∂p!

"Fhn-Sp-∂mWv? F¥m-Wn-√-t∏cv? Ft∏mtg

h∂Xv?'˛ AXn-Yn-Iƒ \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cm-bn-cn-

°p-sa∂ [mc-W-bn¬ ssI∏Sw s\‰n-Ø-S-

Øn-e-a¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v A—≥ ho≠pw

Ipi-e-am-cw- n-®p. Ch¿ c≠o-g-h-cm-sW-∂p≈

]®-∏-c-am¿Yw sh´n-Øp-d-∂p ]d-™mtem

Fs∂m-cm-temN\ CSnan∂¬ t]mse Fs‚

Xe-bn -e-Sn -®p. AsXs‚ hmbn¬\n∂p

hotg≠ Xma-kw, ""^! i∏! I≠ ]m°-

t\bpw t]m°-t\bpw _“m-e-b-Øn¬

sIm≠p-h∂p Np´p-s]m-´nbvt°y?'' F∂-´-l-

kn-®m-esØ ÿnXn-tbm¿Øp Rm≥ \Sp-

ßn.

"Ch¿ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ \n∂p hcp∂

t]m‰n-am-cm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ Acn-]-t°m-

esØ c≠p Xºp-cm-°-∑m-cmWv' Fs∂mcp

]®-°≈w X´n-hn- mtem? DØ-c-£-W-Øn¬

AXmbn Fs‚ Nn¥. "Xncp -hn -Xmw-Iq -

dnsehnsS-bmWv? F¥m-Wn-√-t∏cv? Fhn-sS-

bm-W-ΩmØv?' CØcw tNmZy-߃°v "\ºq-

Xn-cn-`mj-bn¬' adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ AXn-Yn-I-

sf-s°m-≠m-hmsX ]´-s]m-fn -™mtem

F∂mbn ]n∂sØ `bw. kmh[m\w

Nn¥n®v kam-[m\w I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p≈

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen22

kaban-√. A—≥ tNmZyw Bh¿Øn®p

XpSßn. s]s´-s∂s‚ Xe-bvs°mcp shfn-

]m-Sp-≠m-bn. hn]-Zn-ss[cyw Fs∂ c£n-®p.

""Ch¿ Gß-≠n-bq-cp≈ c≠o-g-h-cm-Wv. Kpcp-

hm-bqcv t£X-]-th-i\w kw_-‘n® Nne

Imcy-ß-ƒ°mbn tIf-∏≥ Ab-®n-cn-°-bm-

Wn-hsc''˛ Cu hmN-I-߃ Rm≥ ]d-bp-I-

b-√, Fs‚ a\- n¬\n∂v s]m´n-sØ-dn-°p-

I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. `qan ]nf¿∂p R߃

aqhcpw ]mXm-f-Øn-te-°m-≠p-t]m-bmepw

icn, kXyw ]d-™p-ht√m F∂ IrXm¿Y-

X-tbm-Sp-IqSn IÆpw-NnΩn Rms\m-cn-cp-Ø-

an -cp -∂p. sX√nS \o≠p -\n∂ \n»-

_vZXbv°ptijw _“-tem-I-Øp-\n∂p qan-

bn-te-s°mcp ktµ-iw-t]mse ]cn-]m-h-\-am-

sbmcp t]a-kz-c-Øn¬ A—s‚ Xncp-ap-

JØp\ns∂mcp KoXm-]-Zy-i-Iew samgn-™n-

d-ßn:

""am tX hyYm, am N hnaq-V-`mthm,

ZrjvSzm cq]w tLmc-ao-Zr-Mva-taZw

hyt]-X`ox ]oX-a\mx ]p\kvXzw

XtZh ta cq]-anZw ]]-iy''*

B Km\am[pcn hmSnb Xpf-kn-∏q-hns\ ]®-

sh≈w Xfn-®p-W¿Øp-∂-t]mse Rßsf

]p\¿÷o-hn-∏n-®p.

""\n߃ ]cn-`-an-t°≠. Krl-ÿ\v GX-

Xn-Ynbpw _m“-W-Xp-ey-\m-Wv. IpSp-abpw

]qWqep-a√ _m“-Wy-Øns‚ e£-Ww;

_“-⁄m-\-am-Wv. Cuiz-cm-`n-ap-J-ambn

sNøp∂ tkh\w _“-⁄m-\-Øn-te-

°p≈ cmP-ho-Yn-bm-Wv. Cu ]]-©w apgp-

h≥ Cuiz-c-a-b-am-Wv. Poh-Pm-e-Øn¬ C∂-

Xp¬Ir-jvSw, C∂-X-]-I-rjvSw F∂p ]cn-t—-

Zn-°m-\m¿°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. F√mw Cuiz-

cs‚ Awim-h-Xm-c-ß-fm-Wv. PmXn, Abn-

Øw, aXw CsXms° kwkvIm -c

-t`-ZsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hyXym-k-ß-fm-Wv.

⁄m\w-sIm≠pw I¿aw-sIm≠pw hniz-

t]aw t\Sp-∂-Xmtcm, Ah-\mWv Znhy≥.

Fs‚ apjn™ ]qWqepw `kva-°p-dnbpw

I≠v \n߃ `b-s∏-tS -≠. F\n°o

]ÿm\w CjvS-am-Wv. \n߃s°-t∏mgpw

ChnsS hcmw. BIm-hp∂ klmbw

ChnsS\n-∂p-≠m-hpw.''

Cßs\ A©p-an-\n-´p-t\-c-tØmfw Hcp

thZm-¥-]-kwKw sNbvXp. HSp°w "\n߃

]Xps° Ccn-°n≥. Rm\n-Øncn InS-°s´'

F∂p ]d™v t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Rm≥ BÀm-Zw-sIm-≠v aXn-a-d-∂p. ka-Xz-

kpµ-c-amb Hcp \h-tem-I-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂

kwXr]vXn tXm∂n Rß-ƒ°v. hr≤\pw

hnin-jvS-\p-amb Hcp _m“-Ws‚ a\- w-

kvImcw I≠v AXn-Yn-Iƒ A`n-am-\-]p-f-In-

X-cm-bn.

Cu kw`-h-Øn-\p-tijw Fs‚ hkXn

BcpsS t\scbpw Zp¿apJw ImWn-®n-´n-√.

AsX-√m-h¿°p-ambn Xpd-°-s∏- p. B ]Xnhv

C∂pw \ne-\n-∂p-h-cp-∂p.

(I¿a-hn-]mIw)

$ ""A—s\ th≠-Xp-t]mse a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bm-sX-t]mb Hcp aI\pw aIs\

\∂mbn a\- n-em-°nb Hc-—\pw Cu A\p- hIY-bv°-I-Øp-≠v''˛ ]mT- m-K-Ønse

sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ N¿®sNøp-I.

$ ""B Km\-am-[pcn hmSnb Xpf-kn-∏q-hns\ ]®-sh≈w Xfn®pW¿Øp-∂-t]mse

Rßsf ]p\¿÷o-hn-∏n®p''. A—s‚ hm°p-Iƒ tI´ hn.Sn-bp-sSbpw kplr-Øp-

°-fp-sSbpw am\-knI`mh-ß-fmWv Cu hcn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂Xv. i‡nbpw

kuµ-cyhpw XpSn-®p-\n¬°p∂ CØcw hmIy-߃ Is≠Øn KZy-`m-j-bnse

Imhym-fl-I-Xsb°pdn®v Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°p-I.

* Fs‚ Cu tLmc-cq]w I≠n´p \n\-°p- hyY th≠. au-V-yhpw th≠. \n¿`-b\pw kw]o-X-

\p-am-bn´v Fs‚ Cu kuay-cq-]sØ (IrjvWs‚ kzcq-]-sØ) Øs∂ \o I≠p-sIm-≈q.

ae-bmfw 23

$ Np´p-s]m´n°pI, ]´s]mfn-bpI XpS-ßnb ]tbm-K-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw kµ¿`-

ßsf A¿Y-k-ºpjvSam-°p-∂-Xn\v FX-tØmfw klm-b-I-amWv? IqSp-X¬ DZm-

l-c-W-߃ Is≠Øn hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.

$ ka-Xz-kp-µ-camb Hcp -tem-I-Øn\mbn hn.Sn -Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂

]h¿Ø-\߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv? eLq]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°pI.

$ IpSpw-_-Øn-sebpw kaq-l-Øn-sebpw _-‘-ßsf P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw kvt\l-

_≤-hp-am-°m-\mWv \thm-∞m\ ]ÿm-\-ß-sf√mw ian-®-Xv. AXv hen-sbm-c-

f-hn¬ hnP-bn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. C∂v tIc-fobkaqlw Fhn-sS-bmWv FØn-

\n¬°p-∂Xv? \nßfpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-I.

$

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen24

DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cmXn-bn¬

DΩ X\n®p ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p.

D‰-h-scm-s°bpw t]mbn-cp∂p

ap‰tam iq\y-ambv Xo¿∂n-cp-∂p.

hmS-I-bv°m-sb-Sp-Øp≈ Itk-c-Iƒ,

Kymkv sse‰v, ]mb-Iƒ sIm≠p-t]m-bn.

then-°¬ ]≠-hƒ \s´mcp Nº-I˛

t®mtSm-f-a-t∏m-fn-cp-´p- h-∂p,

NnΩn-\n-s°m-®p-hn-f-°ns‚ t\cnb

IÆo¿shfn®w XpS®p \n∂p.

DΩ-d-°¬∏-Sn-t®m-´n-e-h-f-gn˛

®n´ sNcn-s∏m-∂p-cpΩn t\m°n

]p≈n-°p-dn™n \n w-K-bmbv ]n∂nse

I√p-sh-´mw-Ip-gn-°p-≈n-te-dn.

sXt°-∏p-d-Ø-b-t°m-en-e-h-fpsS

CØn-cn-∏n™nb Ip™p-Sp-∏n¬

Np‰n-°-dßn \S-°p∂ Ims‰m∂p

X´n-t\m-°n, ac-s°m-ºn-te-dn.

DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cmXn-bn¬

DΩ ]pdØp X\n®p \n¬s°

s]s´∂p h∂q s]cp-a-g, DΩtbm

Nns°-∂-IØp Xnc-™p-sN∂p

hns√m-Sn-s™∂p NnWp-ßn-Sm-dp-s≈mcm

]p≈n-°pS sNs∂-SpØp ]m™p

]≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ ]pXp-Xmbv Ipan-®n´

aÆ-´n-tase \nh¿Øn-sh-®p.

DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cmXn-sXm˛

´nt∂m-fam ag tXm¿∂p-an-√.

$ DΩp-°p-ep-kphns‚ th¿]m-Sn¬ DΩbv°pw ]Ir-Xn-°p-ap-≠mb Xocm-timIw Ihn-

X-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? ZpxJ]q-cn-X-amb A¥-co-£hpw am\-

kn-Im-h-ÿbpw ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ Ahbv°v Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? N¿®sNøp-I.

$ ""DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cmXn-sXm˛

´nt∂m-fam ag- tXm¿∂p-an√' F∂ hcn-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ A¿Y-hym]vXn

Is≠Øn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.'

$ ÿe-Im-em-Xo-X-amb am-XrZpxJamWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "amº-g-'Øn\pw d^o°v

Al-Ω-Zns‚ "tXmcm-a-g'bv°pw Akp-e-`-amb `mh-`wKn \¬Ip-∂-Xv˛ Ihn-X-Iƒ

Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. $

d^o°v Al-ΩZvd^o°v Al-ΩZv

ae-bmfw 25

Ahƒ Iptd t\c-ambn Ah-cpsS ]n∂mse

\S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ft∏m-gmWv IqsS IqSn-

b-sX-∂-dn-bn-√. Hcp kmcn-°-S-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-

Øn-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ ASp-Øp-h-∂p-

sIm≠v ]d-™p:

"\√ k©n'.

Hcp s]¨Ip-´n. Btdm Gtgm hb- p

-Im-Wpw. \c® t^m°v, FÆ-a-b-an-√mØ

Xe-apSn apI-fn¬ Hcp Nc-Sp-sIm≠v sI´n-h-

®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Fb¿I≠o-j-≥ sNbvX IS-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-

Øn-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ NpSp-Im‰v apJ-tØ-bv°-Sn-

®p. Ahƒ ]d-™Xv icn-bm-Wv. k©n \√

`wKn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nph∏p\nd-Øn¬ kmcn-

°-S-bpsS t]cv hep-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

adp-`m-KØv kpµ-cn-bmb Hcp kvXobpsS

NnX-hpw.

""Rm\n-hsf sImtd t\c-mbn i≤n-°p∂p.''

caWn ]d-™p. ""\Ωfv Imdo∂v s]md-sØ-d-

ßy-s∏m-sXm´v Cu s]Æv ]n∂m-se≠m-bn-

cp∂p.''

Abmƒ i≤n-®n-cp-∂n√. Im¿ tPmkv PMvv-

j-\-SpØv ]m¿°vsNbvXv Ah¿ \S-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. BZyw ca-Wn°v Hcp hf hmßm-

\mbn B`-c-W-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dn. icn°pw ]d-

™m¬ aq∂v B`-c-W-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dnb

tij-amWv Ahƒ°v CjvS-s∏´ hf In´n-b-

Xv. AXp-I-gn™v aq∂v kmcn-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dn-

°-gn-™p. CXv \mem-asØ IS-bm-Wv. I≠-

t∏mƒ CjvS-s∏´ Hcp kmcn-sb-SpØp F∂-

√msX t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ kmcn Ct∏mgpw

In´n-bn-´n-√. \me-cbv°p XpS-ßnb \S-Ø-

am-Wv. At∏mƒ apX¬ B Ip´n Xßsf

]n≥Xp-S-cp-I-bm-bncps∂t∂m?

IuX-pI-ap≈ apJØv Ahn-S-hnsS sNfn-

bp≠v. ssIbn¬ c≠p Ip∏n-h-f-Iƒ. IgpØv

\·-am-Wv. sNcn-∏n-√mØ Imen¬ s]mSn

]nSn®n-cn-°p-∂p. Abmƒ Ioi-bn¬ X∏n Hcp

cq]-sb-SpØv Ahƒ°v t\sc \o´n. Ahƒ

Xe-bm-´n-s°m≠v ]d-™p:

"Duw Dw'.

"tht≠?'

"Duw Dw.'

Abmƒ \mWbw Xncn®v t]m°-‰n-en-´p.

Ah¿ ASpØ IS-bn-te°p \S-∂p. Dt±-in®

\nd-ap≈ kmcn In´msX \o\-bpsS Ieym-

W-Øn\v t]mIp∂ ]iv\-ta-bn-s√∂v caWn

]d-™n-cp-∂p. "\ns‚ kz¥w A\p-P-Øn-

bpsS aI-fmWv \o\.' Abmƒ ]dbp-∂p.

AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw Imcy-an-√. Hcp hmin-

bpsS IY-bm-Wv. Fhn-sSbpw In´mØ B

\ndw X\n°pw In´ptam F∂p t\m°-s´.

ASpØ kmcn-°S Ipd-®-I-se-bmW.v Xncn-

®p-t]mbn Imsd-Sp-Ømtem F∂m-tem-Nn-®p.

Imsd-Sp-°m≥ Ipd®p ]n∂n-te-°p \S-°-Ww.

AXp Ign™v ap°m¬ Intem-ao-‰¿ HmSn-®-

tijw AhnsS ]m¿°v sNøm≥ ÿew

In´ptam Fs∂m∂pw Adn-bn-√. \S-°m≥

Xs∂ Xo¿®-bm-°n. \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ

GsX-¶nepw IS I≠m¬ Ibdn t\m°p-Ibpw

sNømw. henb IS-I-fn¬ amX-a-√t√m \√

kmcn In´pI.

kmcn-°-S-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-t∏m-gmWv

I≠-Xv, B s]¨Ip´n. Ahƒ \S-∏m-X-bn¬

ImØp-\n¬°p-∂p. Ahsc I≠-t∏mƒ Ah-

fpsS apJw hnS¿∂p. Ahƒ tNmZn-®p:

"thsd kmcn hmßote?'

C. lcn-Ip-am¿C. lcn-Ip-am¿

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen26

ca-Wn-bpsS ssIbn¬ t\ctØ I≠ k©n

amXta D≈q F∂v Ahƒ i≤n®p.

Abmƒ shdpsX Nncn-®p. Ahƒ ho≠pw

Ah-cpsS ]n∂mse \S-∂-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v

Hcp h√m-bva-bp-≠m-bn. F¥n-\mWv Hcp

sXcphpsX≠n s]¨Ip´n Ah-cpsS

]n∂mse IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv? ]t£, ca-

Wnsb AsXm∂pw kv]¿in-°p-∂n-√. Ahƒ

Ipd®p hnj-a-Øn¬ Bbn-cn -°-bm-Wv.

""ChnsS B \ndw In´n-bn-s√-¶n¬ \ap°v

Xriqcpw IqSn H∂v At\z-jn-°mw. AhnsS

In´n-bn-s√-¶n¬ tImb-º-Øq-cn¬, As√-¶n¬

sNss∂-bn¬Øs∂ t]mtI-≠n-h-cpw. Hcm-

gvNsb D≈q Ieym-W-Øn-\v. AXn-\n-Sbv°v

ªu v Xp∂n-°-Ww. tPmk-^ns‚ ASpØv

sImSp-Øm¬ ka-b-Øn\v In´n-√. Abm-fpsS

Ãn®nMv \√-Xm-Wv. ]t£, \msf-Øcmw

\msf-Øcmw F∂p ]d™v C´p Ifn-∏n-°pw.''

Abmƒ Xncn™pt\m°n. B s]¨Ip´n

Xs∂ t\m°n Nncn-°p-∂p. ssZhta, F¥m-

W-h-fpsS Dt±iyw?

""t\m°q, Cu IS-bn-sem∂v tIdn-t\m-°mw.

Ign -™-sIm√w HmW-Øn\v Fs‚

kvssIªq kmcn-sb-Sp-ØXv Cu ItS∂m.''

Ah¿ IS-bn-te°v Xncn-™p. hmXn¬ IS-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≥]v Abmƒ Xncn™p t\m°n.

B s]¨Ip´n \S-∏m-X-bn¬ Ccp-ºgn

sIm≠p-≠m-°nb Kn√n-t∑¬ ]nSn®v Nncn-

®p-sIm≠v Ahsc t\m°n \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.

F¥m-W-h-fpsS a\- n¬? IS-bn¬ \nd-ß-

fpsS XpSn-∏n¬ Abmƒ Ahsf ad-∂p. ]´p-

km-cn-I-fpsS ]f-]-f-∏v, AsX-SpØv Hcp No\-

he Fdn-bp-∂-t]mse \ΩpsS ap≥]n-te-°n-

Sp∂ kpµ-cn-I-fmb sNdp-∏-°m-cn-I-fpsS ]k-

cn-∏v, F√mw Abmƒ°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-

cpsS hn¬]-\-X-¥-ßfpw t\m°n-\n¬°p-

I ck-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""t\m°q, Cu kmcn

tN®n°v F¥p am®m-Wv, As√So _ot\...''

s]s´∂v Abmƒ°v ]pdØv \S-∏m-X-bpsS

Kn√n¬ t\m°n \n¬°p∂ s]¨Ip-´nsb

Hm¿a-h-∂p. Abmƒ Fgp-t∂-‰p.

""\o t\m°n-sb-Sp°v.'' Abmƒ ]d-™p.

""Rms\m∂v ]pd-Øn-dßn \n¬°s´.''

IS-bn¬ NqSm-bn-cp-∂p. DSp-Øn-cp∂ kmcn-

bpsS A‰-sa-SpØv hoin-s°m≠v caWn ]d-

™p:

""icn, Fs¥mcp NqSv.''

Abmƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. Abmsf I≠-tXmsS

B s]¨Ip´n A\-ßn.

Ahƒ C\nbpw ]pd-tØ°v

hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ca-Wnsb

At\z-jn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Abmƒ Ah-fpsS ASpØp

sN∂p. Ahƒ Aev]w e÷-

tbmsS Abmsf t\m°n.

"F¥m \ns‚ t]cv?'

"dmWn.' IS-bpsS hmXn¬°-

te°pw Abm-fpsS apJ-

tØ°pw amdnamdn t\m°n-

s°m≠v Ahƒ ]d-™p:

""\ns‚ hoSv Fhn-SymWv?''

ae-bmfw 27

""F\n°v hoSn√ym.'' Ahƒ Nncn-®p-sIm≠v

]d-™p. Abmƒ h√m-Xm-bn. sX≠n-\-S-

°p∂ Hcp Ip´n-tbm-SmWv Ah-fpsS hoSn-

s\-∏‰n tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. hoSv F∂ k¶ev]-

Øn¬ sI´n-bn-S-s∏-´-Xn¬ Abmƒ°v hnj-

a-ap-≠m-bn. Hcp]t£, Ahƒ Hcn-°epw Hcp

ho´n¬ Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠m-hn-√. sXcp-hm-bn-cn-

°Ww Ah-fpsS hoSv. Ah-fpsS A—≥,

AΩ?

""\ns‚ A—\pw AΩbpw Fhn-SymWv?''

""A—≥ C√y.''

"AΩ?'

"sacn-®p, c≠okw apsº.'

a\- n¬ Fhn-sStbm Hs° apdn-hp-I-fp-≠m-

hp-I-bm-Wv. A—≥ C√ F∂m-W-hƒ ]d-

™-Xv. Hcp]t£, Ahƒ A—s\ I≠n-´p-

≠m-hn-√. As√-¶n¬ A—-\m-cm-sW∂v Ah-

fpsS AΩ-bv°p-t]mepw Adn-hp-≠m-hn-√.

AΩ acn-®p. c≠p Znhkw apsº.

""AΩ Fhn-Sp-∂mWv acn-®Xv?''

""Bip-]-Xo∂v''

""As∏m s\s‚ tN´\pw tN®ow Ct√?''

""C√y''

""thsd Bcpw Ct√?''

""Duw Dw.''

""As∏m \o Ign™ c≠p Znhkw Fhn-

SymWv Hd-ßoXv?''

""Hcp ItSsS apºn-ev.'' F¥m CX tNmZn-

°m-\p-≈Xv F∂ a´n¬ Ahƒ ]d™p.

""Rm≥ AtΩsS H∏w AhnSym sIS-°m-dv.''

""H‰bv°p t]Sn-bm-hnt√?''

Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. Ft¥m Hm¿Øv

Ah-fpsS IÆp-I-fn¬ `oXn \nd-bp-∂Xv

Abmƒ I≠p. AXp tNmZn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂n-

s√∂v Abmƒ°p tXm∂n. cmXn-sb-∏‰n

Hm¿°mXncn-°m≥ ian-°-bmhpw Ahƒ.

Bcp-an-√mØ Bdp hb- mb Hcp Ip´n,

cmXn H‰bv°v GsX-¶nepw IS-bpsS

Nmbv]n¬ Npcp-≠p-IqSn Dd-ßp-∂p. Ahƒ°v

`£Ww FhnsS \n∂p In´p∂p?

""\o F¥n-\mWv RßsS ]n∂mse \S-°-

WXv? shi-°Wvt≠m?''

""Duw D.''

""]ns∂?''

Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. a\- nse apdn-hn¬

\n∂v c‡w Nn¥p-I-bm-Wv. F¥n-\mWv

Cßs\ Hcp Ip´nsb Xs‚ apºn¬ FØn-

®Xv?

IS-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd∂v caWn Abmsf

hnfn-®p.

""t\m°q, F\n°v AtX Ifdv kmcn In´n,

sIt´m.''

ca-Wn-bpsS apJØp kt¥mjw. Abmƒ

AI-tØ°p t]mbn.

c≠m-bn-cØn FÆqdp cq]. kmc-an-√. Fhn-

sSbpw In´mØ \nd-am-Wv.

""Rm≥ ]d-™n-t√, Cß-\sØ jm∏n-emWv

F∏gpw \ap-°m-h-iy-ap≈ Ifdv In´zm.'' ca-

Wn°v kt¥m-j-am-bn, ""C\n \ap°v Xncn®p

t]mhmw.''

Ah¿ ]pd-Øp IS-∂p.

""Cu s]Æn\v thsd ]Wn-sbm∂pw Ct√.

C∏gpw \Ωsf ImØp \n¬°zmtWm?''

""AhfvsS AΩ c≠p-Zn-hkw ap≥]v acn-®p.

Ct∏m Ahƒ°v Bcqw-√ym.''

""Atøm ]mhw.''

dmWn Nncn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ \S-∂-

t∏mƒ Ahfpw ]n∂mse \S-∂p.

""\ap-s°-s¥-¶nepw XWp-ØXv IpSn-°mw.''

caWn ]d-™p.

sXm´-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ Hcp sFkvIow ]m¿e-dp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

""\ap°v ChnsS Ib-dmw.''

Ah¿ ]m¿e-dn-te°p Xncn-™p. s]s´∂v

B Ip´nsb Hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ Abmƒ

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen28

Xncn™p t\m°n. Ahƒ Ah-scbpw

t\m°n \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. Abmƒ tNmZn®p:

""\o hcpt∂m? sFkvIow Xn∂mw.''

Ahƒ \c®p apjn™ kz¥w DSp-∏n-te°p

t\m°n; apºn-ep≈ IdpØ Nn√p-hm-Xn-ense

kz¿W-\n-d-Øn-ep-f-f NnX-∏-Wn-I-fn-te°pw.

]ns∂ ths≠∂p Xe-bm-´n. Xm≥ \n¬t°-

≠-Xv Fhn-sS-bm-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

"AXn-s\-sbm∂pw hnfn-°≠'. caWn ]d-

™p. "\Ω-tfw-IqSn tI‰n-√. \ap°v hcptºm

Fs¥-¶nepw hmßn-s°m-Sp-°mw.' Dt±-in®

\nd-Øn-ep≈ kmcn In´nbt∏mƒ caWn

Ipd®v DZm-c-a-\-kvI-bm-bn-cn°p-∂p.

Abmƒ ca-Wn-bpsS ]n∂mse ]m¿e-dn-

te°p Ib-dn. Ahƒ°p th≠n Fs¥-

¶nepw hmßq-sh∂v dmWn-tbmSv ]d-bm-am-

bn-cp-∂p. C\n Ahƒ ImØp\n¬°msX

t]mbmtem? tImIvsS-bn¬ ^q´vPqkv

sFkvIow C´v IpSn -°p-∂-Xn-\n -S -bn¬

Abmƒ Fgp-t∂‰p Nn√p-`n-Øn-bn-eqsS ]pd-

tØ°p t\m°n. Ahƒ Ahn-sS-Øs∂

\n¬°pIbm-Wv. Ahƒ Xe Xncn-°p-tºmƒ

Xe-bn¬ sI´nb apSn BSn. acn-°p-∂-Xn\p

apºv AΩ sI´n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. B

Ip´n°v Aß-s\-sbmcp sI´p sI´m≥ F¥m-

bmepw km[y-a-√. Ah-km-\sØ Xh-W-

bmWv aI-fpsS apSn sI´p-∂-sX∂v B AΩ

Adn™n´p-≠m-hptam? a\- nse apdn-hp-Iƒ

ho≠pw Xpd-°p-I-bm-Wv. F¥n-\mWv Cu

Ip´n ]n∂mse \S-°p-∂Xv?

tIm¨ sFkvIow In´n-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ°v

kt¥m-j-am-bn. s]mXn™ Kn¬´v- IS-emkv

s]mfn®v sFkvIow Xn∂p-sIm≠v Ahƒ

Ah-cpsS ]n∂mse \S -∂p. Abmƒ

]d™p:

""tamƒ C\n s]mbvt°m, F¥n-\mWv Rß-

fpsS ]n∂mse hc-WXv?''

Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-bmsX Nncn-°pI amXw

sNbvXp. Ipd-®p Ign™v Xncn-™p -t\m-°n-

b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ ]n∂n¬Øs∂-bp -≠v.

sFkvIow Xocm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sXcp-hn¬

shfn®w Ipd-™p-h-∂p. \nc-Øns‚ \Sp-hn-

ep≈ tkmUnbw th∏¿ emºp-Iƒ aSn-®p-

sIm≠v IÆp Xpd-∂p. Ccp-h-i-Øp-ap≈ IS-

I-fn¬ hnf-°p-Iƒ sXfn-™p. Ae-¶-cn®

Nn√p tjmt°-kp-Iƒ i‡n-bp≈ hnf-°p-

I-fm¬ ]Im-in-®p. cmXn hcn-I-bm-Wv. cmXn,

\nc-h[n Ae-¶m-c-hn-f-°p-I-fpsS h¿W-∏-In-

t´msS Fgp-∂≈n hcp-tºmƒ ChnsS Hcp

Bdp hb- p-Im-cn, GI-bmbn AXns\ t\cn-

Sm≥ t]mIp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp cmXnIqSn, Ccp≠

Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bi-bpsS aßnb hnf-°p-Iƒ

amX-ap≈ Hcp cmXn-Iq-Sn.

Abmƒ Imdns‚ hmXn¬ Xpd∂v Ibdn. adp-

h-iØv caWn°v Ib-dm≥ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-Øp.

Xpd-∂n´ hmXn-en-∂-cnsI dmWn \n∂p.

Abmƒ ]d-™p:

""tamfn\n s]mbvt°m.''

Ahƒ tNmZn®p: ""Ft∂w sIm≠p-t]mt∆m?''

""Ftßm´v?''

""\nßsS ho´nte°v?''

""RßsS ho´n-tet°m?''

Ahƒ Xe-bm -´n . Abmƒ `mcy -bpsS

apJØp t\m°n.

""t\m°q. Ahsf Fs¥-¶nepw sImSpØv

]d-™-b-bv°q. ]ns∂ i√ym-hpw.'' caWn

]d-™p.

""Ahƒ°m-cpw-√ym.'' Abmƒ ]d™p.

""AXn\v \Ω-sf¥m sNøym?''

Abmƒ dmWnsb t\m°n. Ahƒ ]Xo-£-

tbmsS \n¬°p-I-bmWv. Abmƒ ]d™p:

""AsXm∂pw ]‰n√ tamsf, tamfv amdn-

\n¬°v.''

Ahƒ amdn\n∂p. Abmƒ hmXn-e-S®v Im¿

Ãm¿´m-°n. Ah-fpsS apJw hmSn-bn-cp-∂p.

Abmƒ ]gvkv Xpd∂v Hcp ]Øp cq] t\ms -

SpØv Ahƒ°p-t\sc \o´n . Ahƒ

ths≠∂v Xe-bm -´n . Imsd -Sp -°m≥

ae-bmfw 29

kuIcys∏-Sp-amdv Ipd-®p-IqSn amdn \n∂p-

sIm≠v Ahƒ Abmsf t\m°n. Abmƒ

Nncn-°m≥ ian-®p.

Imtdm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cns° Abmƒ ]d™p:

""\ap-°-hsf H∏w Iq´m-am-bn-cp∂p.''

""C\n AXpw-IqSntb th≠q, _m°n-sbm-s°-

bm-bn-.'' Ahƒ Ipd®p Im¿°-iy-tØmsS

]d™p.

_m°n-sbms° F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv Fs¥m-

s°-bm-sW-∂-bmƒ°p a\- n -em -bn -√.

Abmƒ Cu Adp-]-Xmw-h-b- nepw amkw

]¥o-cm -bncw cq] -bp -≠m -°p -∂p -≠v .

t_mws_-bn-ep≈ aIs‚ iºfw FXbm-

sW∂v Abmƒ°-dn-bn-√. Adp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-

Øn\pw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn\pw CS-bn¬

BsW-∂-bmƒ Duln-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp sIm®p-

Ip-´n-bpsS sNehv F¥p hcpw? ho´n¬ Xma-

kn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰n-s√-¶n¬ Ahsf GsX-¶nepw

A\m-Ym-e-b-Øn¬ tN¿°m-am-bn-cp -∂p.

sNehp sImSp-Øm¬ aXn-b-t√m. Xm≥ H∂pw

sNbvXn-√. sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bp-

≠m-bn-cp∂p B ]mh-Øn-\v. Hcp]t£,

Ign™ c≠p Znh-k-ambn Ahƒ Hmtcm-cp-

Ø-cpsS ]n∂mse \S-∂n-´p-≠m-hpw, H∏w

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bn¬. Bcpw

sIm≠pt]mIm-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ cmXn-bn¬

]m¿Yn-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. \msf Bsc-¶nepw

sIm≠p-t]m-tW. ho≠pw H‰bv°v Hcp cmXn.

C∂v Xm\pw Ah-fpsS ]Xo-£-Isf X´n-

am‰n. Ct∏mƒ Ccp- n¬ ]cp-°≥ sXcp-hns‚

Iqc-X-bn¬ Ahƒ ho≠pw H‰-s∏-´n-cn-°p-

Ibm-Wv.

Abmƒ Ah-fpsS AΩsb Hm¿Øp. Bip-

]-Xn-bn¬ h®v acn®p F∂mWv dmWn

]d™Xv. F¥m-bn-cn°pw Akp-Jw? C\n

h√ A]-I-S-hp-amtWm? acn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv

aIsf Bscbpw G¬]n-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-

≠m-hn-√. As√-¶n¬ Bsc G¬]n-°m-

\mWv? AΩ C\n D≠m-hn-s√∂ bmYm¿Yyw

a\- n-em-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ H‰bv°v Bip-]-

Xn-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

sKbv‰n\p apºn¬ Im¿ \n¿Øn. caWn

Cdßn sKbv‰v Xpd-∂p. Im¿ AIØp IS-∂-

tijw Ahƒ sKbv‰-S®p Ip‰n-bn-´p. Ahƒ

ssIk-©n-bn¬ \n∂v Xmt°m¬ FSpØv

hmXn¬ Xpd-°p-∂Xv Abmƒ Imdn¬ Ccp∂p-

sIm≠v t\m°n. Abmƒ°v Cd-ßm≥

tXm∂n-bn-√. Abmƒ Btem-Nn-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. Ip´n-°m-e-Øv, \mentem A©ntem

]Tn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp Znhkw kvIqfn¬ \n∂p

hcp-tºmƒ Hcp ]q®-°p´n ]n∂mse IqSn.

sh≈bn¬ Idp-∏p-]m-≠p-I-fp≈ IuXp-I-

ap≈ Hcp ]q®-°p-´n. H∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a‰p

Ip´n-Iƒ hnfn-s®-¶nepw AXv Xs‚ ]n∂n¬

\n∂v Hgn-™n-√. ]t£, ho´n¬ FØn-b--

t∏mƒ ]q®sb hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v B¿°pw

tbmPn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ ]Xn-tj[w

hI-h-bv°msX Ah¿ AXns\ Fhn-sStbm

sIm≠p-t]mbn hn´p. ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXns\

ImWp-∂Xv GtXm hml-\-Øn-∂-Sn-bn¬s∏ v

NX™ a´n-em-Wv.

Abmƒ°v ho´n-∂p-≈n¬ Ib-dm≥ tXm∂n-

bn-√. Abmƒ Imdn¬ \n∂n-d-ßn sKbv‰v Xpd-

∂p. caWn ]pd-tØ°p h∂p.

"Ft¥?'

"Rm≥ Ipd®p s]tSm-f-Sn-®n´p hcmw.'

Abmƒ Im¿ ]pd-tØ-s°-Sp-Øp.

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen30

$ A\m-Y-bmb s]¨Ip- nsb Hgn-hm°n ho´n-se-Ønb IYm-\m-b-I≥ Ip´n-°m-eØv

sXcp-hn¬\n∂v ho´n-te°v FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-h∂ ]q®-°p-´nsb°pdn®v Hm¿Øp-

t]m-Ip-∂p. IYm-\m-b-Is‚ Cu Hm¿abv°v IY-bn¬ F¥p ]k-‡n-bm-Wp-≈Xv?

]cn-tim-[n-°pI.

$ ˛ hgn-hm-Wn- -°m-c-\n¬ \n∂p aI-\p≈ j¿ v ]ni-In-hm-ßp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ.

˛ ]´p-km-cn-I-fpsS ]f-]-f-∏n-eqsS CjvSs∏´ \nd-ap≈ kmcn tXSn-t∏m-Ip∂

ca-Wn.

˛ \c® t^m°v [cn®v A`-b-Øn\v bmNn-°p∂ dmWn.

CØcØnep≈ hncp≤ PohnXmh-ÿ-I-fpsS NnX-ß-fmWv Cu IYbpsS `mh-X-

esØ i‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kzm`n-]mbw ÿm]n-°p-I.

$ IY-bpsS io¿jIw IYm-\m-b-Is‚ \jvS-ß-fn-te-°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv.

Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw Abmƒ°v \jvS-s∏-´-Xv? IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv IYm-

]mX\ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ kz¥w Zu¿_-ey-ßsf A\y-cn¬ Btcm-]n®v IYm-\m-b-I\v c£-s∏-Sm-\m-hptam?

]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-sX, sNtø-≠Xp sNømsX Hgn-™p-am-dp∂ Pohn-X-k-ao-

]-\w kaq-l-Øn¬ hym]-I-am-hp-∂pt≠m? ka-Im-enIkw`-h-߃ hni-I-

e\wsNbvXv ]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$

t\ctØ ]m¿°v sNbvX ÿeØv Imdp-I-

sfm∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Imdn-\p-≈n¬ Ccp-

∂psIm≠v Abmƒ Np‰pw t\m°n. \Kcw

t\ctØ Dd-ßp-∂p. \S-∏mX Hcp-am-Xncn

Hgn™pInS-°p-I-bm-Wv. \c® t^m°pw

D®n-bn¬ Nc-Sp-sIm≠v sI´n-h® Xe-ap-Snbpw

sNfn ]nSn -®-sX-¶nepw ssNX-\y-ap≈

apJØv Xnf-ßp∂ IÆp-I-fp-ap≈ Hcp Ip´n-

°p-th≠n Abmƒ Np‰pw t\m°n. Ipd-®-

Ise j´¿ XmgvØnb Hcp IS-bpsS HXp-

°p-I-√n¬ Ahƒ Npcp≠p InS-°p-∂p. Dd-

°-am-Wv. Abmƒ ]pd-tØ°v Cd-ßm-\mbn

hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p. At∏m-gm-W-bmƒ I≠-Xv,

Hc-—\pw AΩbpw aI\pw IqSn \S-∂p-h-cp-

∂p. ]mh-s∏- -h¿, Iqen-the sNbvXp Pohn-

°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. sXm´p-apºv Ah¿,

I®-hSw aXn-bm°n t]mIm-\mbn Hcp-ßp∂

Hcp hgn-hm-Wn-`-°m-cs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂v

aI-\p≈ Hcp j¿´v ]niIn hmßp-∂Xv

Abmƒ I≠n-cp-∂p. AΩ-bpsS ssI]n-Sn®p

\S-°p∂ aI\v Gsg´p hb- m-bn- p-≠m-hpw.

Ah¿ dmWn InS-°p-∂n-S-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

s]s´∂p \n∂p. c≠p-t]-cpw-IqSn ASpØp

sN∂v Ahsf t\m°n Ft¥m kwkm-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. ]pcp-j≥ Ahƒ InS-°p-∂n-SØv

ap´p-IpØn Ccp∂v Ahsf hnfn-®p-W¿Øn.

Ahƒ Dd-°-®-S-thmsS Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v Ah-

cpsS tNmZy-߃°v adp-]Sn ]d™p. ]ns∂

Fgp-t∂‰v Abm-fpsS ssI]n-Sn®v H∏w \S-

∂p-t]m-bn. sXcp-hns‚ Hc-‰-sØØn-b-t∏mƒ

Abmƒ Ahsf FSpØp \S -°p -

Ibmbncp∂p. Ahƒ Ah-fpsS sIm®pssI

Abm-fpsS Igp-Øn-eqsS C´n-cp-∂p.

Abmƒ Imdns‚ hmXn-e-S-®p. Iptd t\cw

Ãnb-dnMv hoen-t∑¬ ssIh®v A\-ßm-\m-

hmsX Ccp-∂p. Abmƒ°v Fs¥m-s°tbm

\jvS-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.

(A\n-X-bpsS hoSv)

ae-bmfw 31

Rm\pw Hcp A¿_m_pw Iptd BSp-Ifpw amX-ap≈ Hcp

A\yK-l-Øn-emWv Fs‚ Xmakw F∂ Fs‚ hmN-

IsØ h√-t∏m-gp-sa-¶nepw apdn-®p-I-f-bp-∂Xv BgvN-bn¬

c≠p-]m-hiyw hcp∂ sh≈wh≠nbpw BgvN-bn¬ Hcn-

°¬ hcp∂ t]m®-°®n sSbn-edpw amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬

hcp∂ tKmX-ºp-tem-dn-bp-am-Wv. Rm≥ hkn-°p∂ temI-

Øns\ ]]-©-Øns‚ CX-c-`m-K-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°m-

\p≈ GI-h-gn-bmWv Cu h≠n-Iƒ. AXn¬ hcp-∂Xv apgp-

h≥ ]mIn-kvXm\n ]´m-Wn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cp-ambn _‘w

ÿm]n-®m¬ F\n°p ]pdwtemI-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Smw.

Rm≥ ChnsS Hcn-SØp Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p Fs∂-¶nepw

Ahsc Adn-bn-°mw. Ah¿ hgn-bmWv F\n°v Fs∂-

¶nepw Hcn-°¬ c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ am¿K-hpw. Aßs\ Fs¥-

¶nepw Hcp km[yX Fs∂-¶nepw Hcp Znhkw hoWp-In´pw

F∂ ]Xo£ Fs‚ D≈n-se-hn-sStbm ab-ßn-°n-S-∏p-

≠v. ]t£, Fs‚ F√m km[y-X-I-sfbpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-

®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ hcp∂ Znhkw A¿_m_v Fs∂

t\ctØ acp- q-an-bn-te°p ]d-™p-hn-Spw. Ah¿ aS-ßn-t∏m-

bn-°-gnt™ BSp-I-fp-ambn aS-ßm≥ ]mSp-≈q. Ah¿ h≠n-

bn¬ h∂p Sm¶n¬ sh≈w \nd-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw I®nbpw

s_\ym-an≥s_\ym-an≥

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen32

t]m®bpw tKmXºpw Hs° A´n-bn-d-°p-∂-

Xn\pw klm-bn-°m≥ amXta F\n°p hn[n-

bp-≈q. F∂mepw B h≠n-Iƒ ak-d-tbm-S-

Sp-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ a\ v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ

Hcp kt¥m-jw-sIm≠p ]nS-bpw. Fs‚

Btcm ]nb-s∏-´-h¿ Fs‚ ho´n¬ hncp-

∂n\p h∂-Xp-t]mse F\n-°-t∂cw Hcp

kt¥m-j-am-Wv. Rm≥ BSp-I-tfmSp ]Xnhn-

e-[nIw k√-]n-°p-Ibpw Ah-I-tfmSv D®-

Øn¬ h¿Ø-am\w ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw.

]t£, Fs∂ AI-e-Øm°n B h≠n-Iƒ

s]mSn-]-dØn Zqtc°v HmSn ad-bp-tºmƒ

F∂n¬\n∂v Hcp temIwXs∂ HmSn ad-bp-

∂-Xm-bn-´mWv F\n°p tXm∂p-I. At∂cw

lrZbw hm¿s∂m-gp-In-t∏m-b-Xp-t]mse Hcp

Xf¿® Fs∂ _m[n-°pw.

bmZr-—n-I-ambn Hcp Znhkw Npa-Sn-d-°m≥

Bfn-√m-sX-bmWv Hcp sSbn-e¿ h∂-Xv.

\nhr-Øn-bn-√msX A¿_m_v Fs∂ acp-`q-

an-bn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®p-hn-fn-®p. AXns‚

ssUhdpw Hcp ]mIn-kvXm-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

FXtbm Ime-Øn-\p-tijw aq∂m-aXv Hcp

a\p-jys\ Rm≥ AXbpw ASp-Øp-Im-Wp-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS hnb¿∏n\p-t]mepw

Hcp aW-ap-s≠∂v F\n°p tXm∂n-t∏m-bn.

Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv GXp-Xcw Zp¿K-‘-

Øn-\p-≈n-em-sW∂v t\¿Ø Hcp tXm∂¬

At∏mƒ amXw F\n-°p-≠m-bn. Hcp a\p-

jys\ I≠ kt¥m-j-Øn¬ Rm\-

bmsf H∂p sXmSp-I-t]mepw D≠m-bn.

At∏mƒ Fs‚ D≈n-eqsS Bfl-\n¿hr-

Xn-bpsS Hcp Ipfn¿tcJ IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-

∂Xp Rm≥ hy‡-ambpw A\p-`-hn-®p.

Npa-Sn-d-°p-∂-Xn-\nsS F\n-°-dn-bm-hp∂

F√m mjbnepw Fs‚-bp-≈nse F√m

k¶-Shpw \nd®v Rm\-bm-tfmSv Fs∂

Cu \c-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fß-s\-sb-

¶nepw c£n-°Ww F∂p sI©n-∏-d-

™p. ]t£, Abm-fpsS apJØv BsI

\nd-™p-\n-∂Xv I\Ø \n¿hn-Im-cX

amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Fs∂ H∂p Ku\n-

°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-√. F\n-°-t∏mƒ D≠mb

k¶-Sw! sSbn-e-dn-\-Sp-tØ°v A¿_m_v

Fs∂ ssIbm-´n-hn-fn-®-t∏mƒ k¿h BSp-

I-sfbpw Dt]-£n®p Rm≥ HmSnb Hcp Hm´-

ap-≠v. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]Xo-£-bn-te°pw

shfn-®-Øn-te-°p-ap≈ ]Xymi \nd® Htcm-

´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. CXm, B \nanjw h∂n-

cn -°p -∂p F∂m-bn -cp∂p At∏m-gsØ

hnNmcw. ]t£, Abm-fpsS Hscm‰ \n w-K-

t\m´w sIm≠v B ]Xo-£-sb√mw F∂n¬

\n∂v A∏msS hm¿s∂m-gp-In-t∏m-bn. I®n-

bp-sSbpw t]m®-bp-sSbpw sI´p-Iƒ Xe-bn¬

Xmßn Cd-°p-tºmƒ Zbm-]q¿hw Rm≥

Abmsf t\m°pw. Fs¥-¶nepw Hcp AwK-

hn -t£-]-Øn -eqsS Abm-fpsS i≤

BI¿jn-°m≥ ian-°pw. hfsc bmZr-—n-I-

sa-t∂mWw Abm-fpsS Acn-In-eqsS \S∂v

Fs∂ Chn-S∂p c£n-°Ww F∂p ]d-bpw.

CS-bvs°mcp h´w bmZr-—n-I-sa-t∂mWw Hcp

I®n-s°´v Xmsg-bn-Sp-Ibpw AsX-Sp-°m-

s\∂ a´n¬ Ip\n™v Abm-fpsS Imen¬

Rm≥ ]nSn -°p -Ibpw sNbvXp.

At∏mƒt∏mepw Abm-sfs‚ IÆn¬ H∂p

t\m°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-√. IjvSw! Fs‚

s\©v XI¿∂p-t]mb hn[w...

km[-\-an-d°n Ft∂m-sSm∂p ]p©n-cn-°p-I-

ae-bmfw 33

t]mepw sNømsX Abmƒ h≠n-tbm-Sn-®p

t]mbn. F∂nse ]Xo£ A‘-Im-c-Øn-

te°p hoW-Sn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\-t∏mƒ

Abmsf i]n® hn[w! Ct∏m-sg-\n-°Xv

Btem-Nn-°pIIqSn hø.

temI-sØm-cmfpw Hc-]-cn-Nn-Xs\ CX-b-

[nIw i]n-®p-Im-Wn-√, tZzjn®p ImWn-√.

BSp-Isf XSp-Øp-Iq-´m≥ acp-`q-an-bn-te°p

Xncn®p \S-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ s\©n¬

B™v c≠nSn CSn-®mWv Rm≥ B tZjyw

Iptd-sb-¶nepw Ie-°n-°-f-™-Xv.

h¿j-ß-fmbn Fs‚ A¿_m-_ns\ ASp-

Ø-dn-bm-hp∂ Abm-fpsS At∏m-gsØ

\n -lm-bm-hÿ F\n-°n-t∏mƒ Duln-

°m≥ Ign-bpw. Abmƒ Ft∂mSv kwkm-cn-

°m≥ apXn¿∂n-cp -s∂-¶n¬ A¿_m_v

F¥mWv Abm-tfmSp sNøpI F∂p ]d-

bm-\m-hn-√. ]ns∂ Hcn-°¬ tKmX-ºn-d-

°m≥ h∂ Hcp h≠n-°m-c≥ Ft∂m-

sSt¥m kwkm-cn -°m≥ ian -®Xpw

A¿_m_v tXm°pambn NmSn h∂Xpw

H∂n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ Hcp

sh≈w-h-≠n-°m-c≥ Ft∂mSp kwkm-cn-®-

Xn\v A¿_m_v Abmsf tXm°ns‚

]mØn-sIm≠v ASn®p \ne-Øn-´Xpw F\n-

t°m¿a-bp-≠v. F\n°p aptº Fs∂-

t∏mse FX "BSp-Iƒ' Cu ak-d-bn¬

s]´p-t]m-bn-´p-≠m-h-Ww. Hcp-]t£, Ah-

cn¬ Nne-sc-sb-¶nepw c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ian-

®-Xns‚ Xn‡- ew ]mIn-kvXm-\n-bpsS a\-

n¬ XnI- p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hcp-]t£,

Fs∂ Aßs\ \njvI-cpWw Dt]-£n-®-

Xns‚ thZ-\-bn¬ Abmƒ h≠n-bn-en-cp∂p

s\©p-s]m´n Ic™p ImWn-s√∂v Bc-dn-

™p! As√-¶nepw Abmƒ Fs∂ Dt]-

£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p hniz-kn-°m-

\mWv F\n-°n-jvSw. A∂p-Xs∂ Gsd

sshIn-b-Xn\p aptº Rm≥ Aßs\ Fs‚

a\- ns\ ]d™p ]Tn-∏n-®p. Rm≥ Fs‚

]e thZ-\-I-sfbpw \o¥n-t∏m-∂Xv Aß-

s\-bm-Wv. Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb A√m-lp-th, \o

F\n°p X∂ ITn\Znh-k-ß-fn-eqsS \S-

∂p-t]m-tI-≠Xv Fs‚ amXw hn[n-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. AXns‚ t]cn¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb

Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSv tZzjn-°p-Ibpw a\- n¬

i]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\p \o Ft∂mSp

s]mdp-t°-W-ta...

BZyw F√m-Øn\pw ak-d-bn¬ Hcp apiSp

hmS-bm-bn-cp-∂p; O¿±n°m≥ tXm∂p∂

Xcw hmS. BSp-I-fpsS aqX-Øns‚ Nqcpw

ImjvT-Øns‚ Nqcpw aqXw hoWp-\-\™

t]m®-bp-sSbpw I®n-bp-sSbpw hmSbpw

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen34

F√mw tN¿∂ Hcp AklyK‘w. AXn\v

GI-tZiw kam-\-amb Hcp K‘w Rm≥

Fs∂-¶nepw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXp

k¿°kvIqSm-c-Øns‚ K‘-am-Wv.

BSns‚ ]men-\p-t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp∂p B

hmS. Jp∫q-kns‚ Hmtcm IjWw ]men¬

ap°p-tºmgpw Cu hmS-Iƒ F√mw Fs‚

aq°n-te°v ASn®pIb-dpw. BZysØ Znh-

k-ß-fn¬ Aßs\ FX-h´w Rm≥

O¿±n®pt]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Xnsb

]Xnsb B hmS F∂n¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-

t]m-bn. As√-¶n¬ Aßs\ Hcp hmS-sb-

∏‰n ad-∂p-t]m-bn. ]ns∂ ]e-h´w BK-ln-

®p-t\m-°n-bn´pw F\n-°Xv A\p-`-hn-°m≥

]‰n-bn-t´-bn-√. Aßs\ Hcp hmS \ne-\n-

∂n-cp∂p F∂p hniz-kn-°m≥t]mepw Ign-

bm-\m-hm-Ø-hn[w AsX-∂n¬ ebn-®p-I-gn-

™n-cp-∂p. F∂p-am-X-a√, BSpI-fpsS K‘-

ssh-Pm-Xy-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Rm≥ ]m]vX-

\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXm-b-Xv, ap´-\m-Sp-

Iƒ°v Hcp ]tXyI aWw, sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-

Iƒ°p thsdmcp aWw. sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Iƒ

Xs∂ Hcp \qdp hn[-ap-≠v. AXn-s\√mw

thsd-thsd aWw. K¿`n-Wn-bmb BSp-Iƒ°v

Hcp aWw. ]k-hn-°m-dmb BSp-Iƒ°v

AXnepw hyXy-kvX-amb aWw. B aWw

Adn™v BSp ]k-hn-°p∂ Znhkw IW-

°p-Iq-´m≥ t]mepw F\n°p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. C∂p ]k-hn-®p-hoW Ip´n°v Hcp aWw.

apXn¿∂ Ip´n°p thsdmcp aWw. hmhp-Im-

e-amb BSp-Iƒ°v Hcp aWw. CXn¬

\ns∂√mw hyXy-kvX-amWv H´-I-ß-fpsS

aWw. H´-I-߃X-s∂ c≠p-hn-[-ap-≠v. Hcp-

]q -™-bp-≈Xpw Ccp-]q -™-bp-≈-Xpw.

AXn\p c≠n\pw hyXykvX aW-ß-fmWv

D≈-Xv. Hcp aWhpw C√msX Hcp Pohntb

ak-d-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXp Rm≥

F∂ arK-am-Ip-∂p...

Hcp Znhkw F\n°p s]s´-s∂mcp taml-

ap-Zn-®p. ssk\p-hn\v Hcp IsØ-gp-X-Ww.

Fßs\ AXv Ah-fpsS ssIhiw FØpw

Fs∂m∂pw F\n-°-t∏mƒ Btem-N-\-bn-√.

Fgp-X-Ww. Fgp-X-Ww. D® Jp∫q-kn\pw ]®-

sh-≈-Øn\pw tijw In´nb CØncn CS-

th-f-bn¬ Rm≥ I´n-en-\-Sn-bn¬ \n∂pw

Fs‚ _mKv hen-s®-Sp-Øp. AXn-\p-≈n¬

t_mws_-bn¬ \n∂p hmßnb Hcp

se‰¿]mUpw t]\bpw D≠m-bn -cp -∂p.

Rm\Xp ssIbn-se-Sp-Øp. HØncn IpØn-

h-c-®-ti-j-amWv t]\ CØncn sXfn-™-Xv.

Rm≥ BZy-am-bn-´mWv Hcp IsØ-gp-Xp-∂Xv.

Fßs\ Fgp-XWw Fs∂mcp ]nSnbpw C√m-

bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw a\- nse hnNm-c-߃

kzcp-°q´n Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßn:

Fs‚ FXbpw ]nb-s∏´ ssk\p,

Rm\n-hnsS kpJ-ambn FØn-t®¿∂n-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ tPmen-Øn-c-°p-Im-cWw F\n°v

Hcp IsØ-gp-Xm≥t]mepw ]‰n-bn-√. \o

AhnsS k¶-S-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v F\n-

°-dn-bmw. hnj-an-°-≠. \ns‚ C° ChnsS

kpJ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]mepw Iºn-fnbpw D≠m-

°p∂ Hcp henb Iº-\n-bn-emWv F\n°p

tPmen. \√ tPmen-bm-Wv. \Ω-sfm∂pw sNø-

≠. F√mw anjy≥ sNbvtXm-fpw. F\n-°mWv

Iº-\n-bpsS ta¬t\m- w. Fs‚ A¿_m-_n\v

Fs∂ henb CjvS-am-bn. Fs‚ tPmen

CjvS-am-bn. F\n°v CS-bv°nsS \√ kΩm-

\߃ Xcm-dp-≠v. ChnsS hnim-e-amb Hcp

ÿe-ØmWv Fs‚ apdnbpw Xma-k-hpw.

Fs‚ I´n-en¬ Ccp-∂m¬ F\n°v ASpØ

]tZ-i-߃ apgp-h≥ ImWmw. AX kpµ-c-

amb ÿe-amWv. ]ns∂ Blm-cw. Rm\n-

Xp-hsc Ign-®n-´n-√mØ Fs¥ms° Blm-

c-ß-fm-sWt∂m A¿_m_v F\n°p sIm≠p-

X-cp-∂-Xv. Ct∏m-Øs∂ Jp∫qkpw Nn°≥

Idnbpw a´≥ akm-ebpw Ign®v Hcp •mkv

I´n-∏mepw IpSn-®-ti-j-amWv Cu IsØ-gp-

Xm≥ Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. CX Znh-kw-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ F\n°p h√msX XSn -ht®m

Fs∂mcp kwi-bw. Ct∏m D®-bv°sØ

hni-a-k-a-b-am-Wv. C\n Ipd-®p-I-gn™v

F\n°p tPmen-bn¬ ]th-in-®m¬ aXn.

ae-bmfw 35

AXp-hsc kpJ-ap≈ Imt‰‰v InS-∂p-d-ßmw.

\ΩpsS \m´p-Im-cmb Ipd-®p-t]-scms° F\n-

s°m∏w Chn-sS-bp-≠v. dmhp-Ø¿, cmL-h≥,

hnP-b≥, t]m°¿ F∂n-ßs\ Ipd-®p-t]¿.

F\n-°-h-cp-ambn A[nIw kl-hm-khpw

an≠m- hpw H∂p-an-√. A¿_m-_n\v AXn-jvS-

a-√. A¿_m-_n\v lqdn-bmb Hcp aI-fp-≠v.

sshIp-t∂-cØv Rm≥ Ah-tfm-sSm∏w \S-

°m≥ t]mIpw. Rm≥ Xs∂ sN√-W-sa∂v

Ahƒ°p \√ \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. tacn-ssa-ap\

F∂mWv Ah-fpsS t]cv.

CX-sbm-s°-bmWv Fs‚ hnti-j-߃.

AhnsS \n\°pw DΩbv°pw kpJ-sa∂p

hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.

C\nbpw kabw In´p-tºmƒ Fgp-Xmw.

F∂p \ns‚ kz¥w C° \Po-_v.

Rm≥ t]∏¿ aS-°n. ]ns∂ IÆ-S-®n-cp∂p

Iptd Ic-™p. B IØ-√, B Ic-®n-em-bn-

cp∂p Fs‚ kXyw; Bcpw hmbn-°mØ

kXyw.

(BSp-Po-hn-Xw)

$ BSpkq£n-∏p-Imcs‚ Pohn-X-I-Ybv°v "BSp-Po-hnXw' F∂v io¿jIw \¬In-

bXv DNn-X-amtbm? N¿®sNøp-I.

$ BSp-Po-hnXw Hcp ]hm-kn-bpsS bYm¿Y A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v cq]wsIm≠

IrXn-bm-sW∂v t\mh-enÃv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. ""bmYm¿Yy-߃ sI´p-I-Y-

I-tf-°mƒ hnNn-X-ß-fmWv'' F∂ \nco-£-W-hp-ambn tN¿Øp-h®v \Po-_ns‚

A\p-`-h-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

$ \Po_v Fgp-Xn-b- IØv hmbn-®t√m.

˛ IØv ta¬hn-em-k-°m-cn°v Hcn-°epw In´n-s√∂v Dd-∏mWv.

˛ A\p-`-h-߃ kXy-k-‘-am-b√ IØn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

F¶n¬, \Po_v CØcw Hcp IØv Fgp-Xm-\p≈ t]c-W-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw?

N¿®sNøp-I.

$ Fs‚ s\©v XI¿∂p-t]m-b-hn-[w...

Rm\-t∏mƒ Abmsf i]n® hn[w...

CØcw A]q¿WhmIy-߃ IYm-k-µ¿`-Øns‚ `mh-]-c-amb ta∑bv°v klm-

b-I-am-hp-∂pt≠m? hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

$

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen36

P\n® \mSphn,´-I-se-bm- m-an¬

]Wn°p t]mbvhcpw ]cn-j-Iƒ R߃.

IpXn®p Xoh≠n InX®p ]mbp-∂q,

IpXp-Im¬ Nn¥-Iƒ IpXn-°p∂q aptº.

]e \mfmbv ]ncn-™n-cp∂ R߃°o

ae-\m-sS-X-ta¬ a[p-c-Z¿i\w!

Xpcp-Xp-sc -sIm°p ]d°pw ]mS-߃,

XpS-c-Wn-aWn Inepßpw taSp-Iƒ,

apSn hnSp¿ØmSpw Ihp-ßp-sX-ßp-Iƒ˛

°nSbv°p ]p©ncn s]mgn°pw hoSp-Iƒ

Icbv°p amºqhmw \nc-Øp-Iƒ, \m´n≥˛

]pdsØ kz]v\w Is≠gpw \K-cn-Iƒ.

DS-\p-S-t\m-Sn-b-Sp-°-t´, Np‰pw

\S\w sNø-t´, ]gb Iq´p-Im¿!

Hscm-‰-sØßp I≠n-S-Øn-sem-s°bpw

kvacn®p Rß-fo-∏n-d∂ \mSn-s\;

shfpØ hkvX-sam-∂p-SpØp I≠n-S˛

Øen-shm-tSm¿ØnXo-b-a-e-\m-Sn-s\.

sshtem-∏n≈n io[-c-ta-t\m≥sshtem-∏n≈n io[-c-ta-t\m≥

ae-bmfw 37

Adn-bpta Rß,-f-dn-bpao \mSp

\c-I-am-°oSpw \c-Io-S-ß-sf.

]l-b-∑m-tcmSp ]Icw ho´t´

]I-bn¬ \odp∂ hcp∂ Ime-߃.

ChnsS R߃°o-∏-gb aÆn¬Øm˛

\n\nbpw PohnXw ]S¿Øp-In¬ t]mcpw.

DZ-c-Øn≥ ]in sISp-Øm≥ t]mbv R߃;

lrZ-b-Øn≥ hn-i-∏-S-°p-hm≥ t]m∂p.

\nd-™n-cn-°nepw Zcn-Zao cmPyw,

\nd-∂n-cn-°nepw hnIr-X,-sa-¶nepw

ChnsS kvt\ln-∏m,\nhn-sS-bm-in-∏m,

\nhnsS ZpxJn-∏m≥ Ign-htX kpJw!

(I∂n-s°m-bvØv)

$ ""\nd-™n-cn-°nepw Zcn-Z-ao- cmPyw,

\nd-∂n-cn-°nepw hnIr-X, sa¶nepw

ChnsS kvt\ln-∏m,-\n-hn-sS-bm-in-∏m,

\nhnsS ZpxJn-∏m≥ Ign-htX kpJw!''

Cu Imhy-`m-KØv GsXms° Xc-Øn-ep≈ sshcp-[y-ß-fmWv sXfn-bp-∂Xv?

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah sshcp-[yßfmtWm? N¿®sNbvXv \nK-a-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-I.

$ B mw-]-Wn-°m¿ F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS BZy-`m-KØph-cp∂ Cu hcn-Iƒ i≤n°q:

""Adn-bpta Rß,-f-dnbpw \oXnbpw

s\dnbpw sIs´m-co-∏n-d∂ \mSns\!

AXn-Yn-Iƒs°-√m-aactemIao--˛

°nXhn R߃°p \c-I-tZ-ihpw.''

]mT-`m-KØp \n∂p-X-s∂-bp≈ Cu `mK-ßfpw t\m°q.

""ae-\m-sS-X-ta¬ a[p-c-Z¿i\w!''

""Aen-shm-tSm¿Ø-nXo-b-ae\mSns\''

P∑-\m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰w D≠m-b-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

N¿®sNøp-I.

$ Cu bqWn-‰nse cN-\-I-sf "lrZb-Øn≥ hni∏v' F∂ s]mXp-io¿jIw sIm≠v

\n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? N¿®sNbvXv eLp]_‘w Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen38

AA´n-bn-d-°pI ˛ `mc-ap≈ hkvXp-°ƒ Db-c-Øn¬ \nc-bmbn h®Xv

Xmsg Cd-°pI˛ A´n-adn

A[n-\n-thiw ˛ IpSn-tb-‰w, tImf\nkwÿm-]\w

A\m-Zn-°S ˛ ]e-N-c-°p-IS

A\n-X-c-km-[m-cWw ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ ImWm-ØXv

A\p-N-c-hrµw ˛ IqsS \S-°p-∂-hcpsS Iq´w

A\p-h¿Øn-°pI ˛ A\p-I-cn-°p-I, I≠psNøpI

A¥w ad-™n-cn-°pI ˛ A¥w hn´n-cn-°pI

Aaew ˛ hnip≤w

Ab-t°m¬ ˛ hkvXw DW-°m-\n-Sp∂ hSn

A¿_m_v (Ad-_n-hm-°v) ˛ c£n-Xm-hv, DS-a-ÿ≥

BBS-tem-SIw ˛ Hcp Huj[kkyw

CCl-temIw ˛ Cu temIw

CuCu‰p-tNmc ˛ ]k-h-k-a-bsØ c‡w

DDØ-c-£Ww ˛ ASpØ \nanjw

DZm-c-a-\kvI ˛ DZm-c-amb a\-t mSp IqSn-b-hƒ, Zbm-abn (kµ¿`-Øn¬)

DZy-an-°pI ˛ ]cn-i-an-°pI

DZ-b-KXn ˛ DZ-b-Øns‚ KXn

IIam-¥c ˛ hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]\w

ItÆdv ˛ Icn-¶Æv X´pI

Im¿°iyw ˛ ISp∏w, I¿°-im-hÿ

Ip°p-S-\mZw ˛ tImgn-Iq-Ip∂ i_vZw

IpSpa ˛ ]pcp-j≥am¿ £ucw sNøp-tºmƒ BNm-c-]-c-ambn

inc- n¬ _m°n \n¿Ønbncp∂ Xe-apSn

IpXp-Im¬ ˛ D’m-l-Øm¬. IpXpIw˛ D’mlw

Ipan-®n-SpI ˛ Iq´nbn-SpI

tIh©n ˛ sNdnb h≈w

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ ˛ tImf-\nsb kw_-‘n-®-Xv (Colonial)tImf-\n-hmgvN ˛ kmam-Py-i-‡n-I-fpsS `cWw

IrXm¿YX ˛ sNbvX ]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈ Xr]vXn, IrX-amb A¿Y-

tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ahÿ

ae-bmfw 39

£oc-km-K-c-i-b-\≥ ˛ ]m¬°-S-en¬ ibn-°p-∂-h≥, alm-hnjvWp

JJP-\mhv ˛ `fimcw, Sjdn

Jp_qkv (Ad_nhm°v) ˛ sdm´n, ]Øncn

Jc-l-c-]nb ˛ I¿Wm-S-I-kw-Ko-X-Ønse Hcp cmKw

KtKmkmbn ˛ `n£ bmNn®v \S-°p-∂-bmƒ

NNI-emkv ˛ Iºnfn∏pX∏v

Nm¿®-°m¿ ˛ _‘p-°ƒ

Nns°∂v ˛ s]s´∂v

NnØ-Xmcv ˛ NnØ-am-Ip∂ ]qhv, NnØw˛a-\ v

RRm‰p-the ˛ kqcys‚ ÿnXn, kqcy≥ Hmtcm \£-X-Ønepw

\n¬°p∂ Imew,

the ˛ thf

XX]vXw ˛ X]n-°s∏´Xv, Np´

Xt]m-\njvT ˛ X]- ns‚ \njvT (\njvT ˛ Dd-∏v, IWn-iw)

Xø¬ ˛ s]¨Ip´n

Xn‡-^ew ˛ Ibv]p≈ A\p-`hw (-I-bv]p≈ Imb)

XssYh ˛ Aß-s\-Xs∂

XpS-c-Wn-aWn ˛ Igp-Øn¬ sI´nb aWn (XpS-cv ˛ Nß-e)˛ XpS-cn¬

AWn™ aWn. "AWn'°p "kpµ-c-amb' F∂pw

A¿Yap≠v. XpS-cnse at\m-l-c-amb aWn.

tXdn-\m≥ ˛ Ah≥ hnizkn-®p, Ah≥ Adn-™p

ZZ¿∏Ww ˛ IÆm-Sn

[-

[mXn ˛ hf¿ØΩ

\\m`n ˛ s]m°nƒ

\nthZyw ˛ tZh\v A¿∏n-°m-\p≈ `£-W-hkvXp

\nioY\n»-_vZX ˛ cmXn-bnse \n»-_vZX

\n wKX ˛ H∂n-t\mSpw tNcm-Ø Ahÿ, hnc‡n

\oUw ˛ ]£n-°qSv

]]®-∏-cam¿Yw ˛ ]®-bmb kXyw

]®bpw Inco-S-hp-a-Wn™ ˛ apJØv ]® (a\-tbme) tX®v Inco-S-hp-a-Wn-™v.

]©-a-thZw ˛ alm-`m-cXw˛ alm-`m-c-XsØ A©m-asØ thZ-ambn

IW-°m-°p-∂p.

]´n-Wnbpw ]cn-h-´hpw ˛ Zmcn-Zyhpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen40

]´mWn ˛ Hcp apkvenw hn`mKw (]tZ-i-\m-a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-

≠mb hm°v) ]Tm≥

]X-hkvXw ˛ Ce-sIm-≠p≈ hkvXw

]¥n-∏mb ˛ ]¥n-bn¬ Ccn-°m≥ hn-cn-°p∂ \o≠ ]mb

]cn-t—-Zn-°pI ˛ apdn-°pI, \n›-bn-°p-I

]cnj ˛ Iq´¿, Iq´w (]cn-jXv F∂ kwkvIrX ]Z-Øn¬

\n∂p-≠m-b-Xv)

]mS-h-lo\ ˛ kma¿Yy-an-√m-Ø-hƒ

]nXr-\n¿hn-tijw ˛ ]nXm-hn-t‚Xp-t]m-e-p≈

]ni-In-hm-ßpI ˛ hne-t]in hmßpI

]qs∏m-en-∏m´v ˛ HmW-°m-eØv ]q]-dn-°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ Ip´n-Iƒ

]mSp∂ ]m´v

]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-ØpI ˛ sa®-s∏-Sp-ØpI

]qapJw ˛ DΩ-dw, hoSns‚ ap≥hiw

t]m® ˛ ]p√v

(]mtZ-in-I]-Zw)

t]mcpw ˛ aXn-bmIpw

]XoIw ˛ Bi-bsØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv

]Xym-LmXw ˛ Xncn-®Sn (]Xn + BLm-Xw)

]tem-`n-∏n-°pI ˛ tamln-∏n-°pI

]hmkn ˛ P∑-\mSv hn´v A\y-\m-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Bƒ

__ln¿`mKw ˛ ]pd-sØ -`mKw (× A¥¿`mKw)

_nw_w ˛ Bi-b-Øns‚tbm hkvXphns‚tbm ]XoXn Df-hm-°p∂

]XoIw (kmln-Xy-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ khn-ti-j-

amb A¿Y-Øn¬) hnKlw F∂p ]Zm¿∞w

_“-⁄m\w ˛ _“sØ kw_-‘n® Adnhv

_“-temIw ˛ kXy-temIw

``mh-\m-a-Wn-]-Ø\w ˛ `mh-\-bm-Ip∂ at\m-lc]´Ww

aa[p-c-Z¿i\w ˛ kpµ-c-amb ImgvN

ae-\mSv ˛ tIcfw, aeºtZiw

akd ˛ Irjn-ÿ-ew, ta®n¬ÿew

apJ-cnXw ˛ H®-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, i_vZ-tØmSp IqSn-bXv

apiSv ˛ iey-ap-≠m-°p∂, Zp¿K‘w

aq¿— ˛ tamlm-ekyw (t_m[-t°-Sv)

taSv ˛ Ip∂v

ta¬ss° ˛ t\Xr-Xzw, ap≥ssI, B[n-]-Xyw

sam©Øn ˛ kpµcn (sam©v˛ `wKn)

ee÷ ˛ \mWw

ae-bmfw 41

hh‡w ˛ hmbv, apJw

h¿W-hn-th-N\w ˛ sXmen-bpsS \nd-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N\w

hmS ˛ Zpjn® -K-‘w, Nqcv

hm’-ey-ZpKv[w ˛ hm’-ey-am-Ip∂ ]m¬, ZpKv[w ˛ ]m¬

hmbv∏n-°pI ˛ h¿[n-∏n-°pI

hnNn-¥\X¥p ˛ Nn¥mX¥p, X¥p ˛ \qev

hnPm-Xobw ˛ hyXykvX PmXn-bn-ep-≈Xv, a‰p-Pm-Xn-bn¬ s]´Xv

hnPm-Xobam\w ˛ hyXykvXXew

hn¨]n-®-I-s®Sn ˛ BIm-i-Ønse ]n®-I-s®Sn

hn]-Zn-ss[cyw ˛ B]-XvL-´-ß-fn¬ ]I-S-am-Ip∂ ss[cyw

shSn-h´w ˛ t\c-tºm°p]d-®n¬

iioIcw ˛ sh≈-Øp-≈n

ipjvIico-c≥ ˛ saen™-h≥

imh-W-]pjv]w ˛ imh-W-Ønse ]qhv, imhWw ˛ HmWw ˛ Nnßw

kkmµX ˛ CS-Xq¿∂ Ahÿ

ka-cymZw ˛ acym-Z-tbm-Sp-IqSn

kpXm]w ˛ \√ NqSv, henb ZpxJw

kpam¿ ˛ GI-tZiw

kphn-ti-j-I¿ ˛ aX-]-`m-j-I¿

skm≈n-°pI ˛ t\c-tºm°p ]d-bpI

ku`Kw ˛ kuµcyw

kzIo-b¿ ˛ kz¥w Bfp-Iƒ

kzXz-sh◊ ˛ Bflm-hns‚ sh◊

kzcp-°q- pI ˛ H∂n-®pIq´pI

kv\m\-s∏-Sp-ØpI ˛ ⁄m\-kv\m\w sNøn°pI

llqdn (Ad_n]Zw) ˛ kz¿K-Ønse kpµcn

lwk-ip` ˛ Ac-b-∂w-t]mse shfpØ

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen42

A¿tWmkv ]mXncn (1681˛1732)

]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw- -Øn¬ tIc-f-

Øn-seØnb ssIkvXhanjW-dn. kztZiw

P¿a-\n-bpsS hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Øp≈

Hmÿ Imsπ≥. icn-bmb t]cv tPm¨

GWÃv lmMv k¬U≥. aX-]-Nm-c-W-Øn-

s\-Ønb ]mXncn kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Ah-

Kmlw t\Sp-Ibpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ IhnX cNn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ss__nƒ°Y-Iƒ BZy-

ambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xv At±-l-

am-Wv. IqXm-i-∏m-\, DΩmsS ZpxJw, tZh-

am-Xm-hns‚ hymIp-e-]-_-‘w, NXp-c¥yw

F∂n-h-bmWv ][m\ Imhy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-bWtat\m≥ (1878˛1958)

B[p-\nI Ihn-X-b-Øn-sem-cmƒ. ae∏pdw

Pn√-bnse tN∂cbn¬ h≈-tØmƒho´n¬

P\n-®p. tZio-b-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw ]Ir-Xn-

ku-µ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Ihn. ]Xn-]m-Zy-Øn¬

sshhn-[yhpw ]Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn¬ sshNn-

Xyhpw ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v `mh-Ko-X-߃

apX¬ alm-Im-hyw hsc cNn®v ae-bmfIhn-

Xsb kºpjvS-am-°n. hmevaoIn-cm-am-b-Ww,

EtKz-Zw, mk-s‚bpw Imfn-Zm-k-s‚bpw \mS-

I-߃ XpSßn [mcmfw IrXn-Iƒ ae-bm-f-

Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. _‘\-ÿ-

\mb A\n-cp-≤≥, aKvZ-e-\-a-dn-bw, injy\pw

aI-\pw, A—\pw aIfpw XpS-ßnb Jfi-Im-

hy-߃ NnX-tbmKw alm-Im-hyw, kmln-Xy-

a-RvP-cn-sb-∂-t]-cn¬ ]Xn-s\m∂p Ihn-Xm-k-

am-lm-c-߃ F∂nh-sbms°bmWv h≈-

tØm-fns‚ ][m-\ -Ir-Xn-I-ƒ. tIcf Iem-a-

fiew ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnepw IY-Ifn]ÿm\-

Øn\v ]Nmcw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw

][m\ ]¶p-h-ln-®p. ]fl-`q-j¨ _lp-a-

Xn e`n-®n-´p≠v.

hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv (1896 ˛ 1982)

kmln-Xy-Im-c\pw kaql]-cn-jvI¿Ømhpw.

]me-°mSp Pn√-bnse tag-Øq-cn¬ sh≈n-

Øn-cpØnØmgØp a\-bn¬ P\n-®p. \ºq-

Xncnkap -Zm -b-Ønse ]cn -jvI-cWia-

߃°p t\XrXzw \¬In. kvXoIƒ A\p-

`-hn-®p-t]m∂ Zpcn-X-߃s°-Xntc i_vZ-ap-

b¿Øn. kap-Zm-b-Ønse BZysØ hn[-hm-

hn-hm-l-Øn\pw ani-hn-hm-l-Øn\pw t\XrXzw

\¬In. tbmK-t£-a-k- -bnepw tZiob kzmX-

¥y-k-ac ]ÿm-\-Ønepw ]h¿Øn®p.

kaq-l]-cn-jvI-cWw e£yw hs®-gp-Xnb

"ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂v Ac-ß-tØ°v' F∂

\mSIw ]i-kvX-am-Wv. "IÆocpw In\mhpw'

F∂ Bfl-I-Ybv°v tIcf kmlnXy A°m-

Zan Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p. cP-\o-cwKw (IY-Iƒ);

kXy-sa-∂Xv ChnsS a\p-jy-\m-Ip-∂p, shSn-

h-´w, Ime-Øns‚ km£n, hn.Sn-bpsS D]-

\ym-k-߃ (D]-\ym-k-߃); I¿a-hn-]mIw

(Bfl-I-Y) F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p ][m\ IrXn-

Iƒ.

]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb¿ (1906 ˛ 1978)

]Ir-Xyp-]m-k-I-\mb Ihn. Imk¿tImSv Pn√-

bn¬ Im™-ßmSv sh≈n-t°mØv ]\-b-¥´

ho´n¬ P\n-®p. A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-

Øns‚ kmwkvIm -cn -I -ss]-Xr -Ihpw

]IrXnemh-Wy-hp-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Ihn-

X-bpsS auenI`mh-߃. Ifn-b-—≥, kuµ-

cy-]q-P, ]qsam-´ns‚ IWn, \c-_-en, B ae-

\m-S≥ a¶-am¿, N¥-]n-cn-™n-´pw, ]p≈p-h-

s∏¨sImSn, a¨Ip-S-Øns‚ hne XpS-ßnb

Ihn-X-I-sf√mw Gsd ]kn-≤-am-Wv. Xma-c-

tØm-Wn, Xma-c-tØ≥, hk-t¥m-’-hw,

ctYm-’hw, HmW-∏q-hv, \nd-]d (Ihn-Xm-k-

am-lm-c-߃); Fs∂-Øn-c-bp∂ Rm≥, Ihn-

ae-bmfw 43

bpsS Im¬]mSp-Iƒ, \nXy-I-\y-I-sb-tØ-Sn

(Bfl-I-Y-Iƒ) XpSßn Fgp-]-Xn-tesd IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-®p. tIcf-˛-tI-µ- kmlnXy A°m-

Zan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v.

sshtem-∏n≈n io[-c-ta-t\m≥ (1911 ˛ 1985)

Imev]-\n-I-X-bn¬ \n∂pw ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xsb

bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ ]cp-°≥]-X-e-ß-fn-te°v

\bn®hcn¬ ][m\n. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse

Ieq-cn¬ P\n-®p. imkvXm-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

amº-gw, klys‚ aI≥, IÆo¿∏m-Sw,

Du™m-en¬, ]¥-߃, tN‰p-]p-g, Im°

XpSßn Ht´sd ]kn-≤-I-hn-X-I-fpsS I¿Øm-

hv. I∂n-s°m-bvØv, iotc-J, HmW-∏m- p-Im¿,

Ip∂n-a -Wn-Iƒ, hnØpw ssIt°m-´pw,

IS¬°m-°-Iƒ, Ipcp-hn-Iƒ, Ibv]-h-√-cn,

hnS, aI-c-s°m-bvØv, an∂m-an-∂n, ]®-°p-Xnc,

IrjvWarK-߃, A¥n-Nm-bp∂p XpS-ßn-bh

Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-ß-fm-Wv. IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬

(Jfi-Im-hyw), Imhy-tem-I-kva-c-W-Iƒ

(Bfl-I-Y) F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p ][m\ IrXn-

Iƒ. tIcf˛tIµ kmlnXy A°m-Zan

Ahm¿Up-Iƒ t\Sn.

B‰q¿ chn-h¿a

B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fn¬ ]ap-J≥. 1930˛¬

Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse B‰q-cn¬ P\n-®p. A[ym-

]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. taL-cq-]≥, kwI-a-Ww,

Im≥k¿, \m´n¬ ]m¿°mØ C¥ym-°m-c≥

F∂nh At±-l-Øns‚ ][m-\-s∏´ Nne Ihn-

X-I-fm-Wv. Ihn-X, B‰p¿ chn-h¿a-bpsS Ihn-

X-Iƒ (c≠p `mKw) F∂n-h-bmWv Ihn-Xm-

k-am-lm-c-߃. Xan-gn¬ \n∂p t\mh-ep-Ifpw

Ihn-X-Ifpw ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn. tIµ˛tI-cf

-km-lnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ e`n-®n-

´p≠v.

H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v

⁄m\-]o-T-]p-c-kvImcw t\Snb Ihn. 1931˛ ¬

sIm√w Pn√-bnse Nh-d -bn¬ P\n -®p.

\mS≥ioep-ItfmSp≈ B`n-apJyw, Km\m-fl-

I-X, eb-`w-Kn, Bi-b-k-ºpjvSn F∂nh

H.-F≥.-hn. Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

Ne-®nXKm\-c-N-bn-Xmhv F∂ \ne-bnepw

]ikvX-\m -Wv. HcpXp≈n shfn -®w,

abn¬∏oen, AKv\nie-`-߃, IdpØ]£n-

bpsS ]m´v, D÷-bn-\n, `qan-s°mcp Nc-a-Ko-

Xw, AKv\n-i-e-`-߃, A£-cw, D∏v, ss`c-

hs‚ XpSn, kzbw-hcw XpS-ßn-bh ][m\

IrXn-Iƒ. tIµ-˛-tI-cf kmlnXy A°m-

Zan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ e`n-®n´p-≠v.

KqKn-hm- Xn-HmwtKm

1938 ˛ ¬ P\n-®p. sI\n-b-bnse hnJ-ymX

t\mh-enÃv, ap≥ cm-jvSobØS-hp-Im-c≥,

\mS-I-IrØv, A[ym-]-I≥. `mj-bpsS Xe-

Øn¬ A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xntc [oc-amb ]co-

£-W-߃ \S-Øn. Cw•ojv Dt]-£n®v

kz¥w P\-X-bpsS `mj-bmb KnIp-bp-hn¬

cN-\-Iƒ \SØn. "F\n-°p-tXm-∂p-tºmƒ

hnhm-ln-X-\mIpw' F∂ \mS-I-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xn\v

1980˛ ¬ XS-hn-e-S-bv°-s∏-´p. KnIpbp `mj-

bn¬ BZy B[p-\nI t\mh¬ "sIbvXm\n

apXvl¿_-bn\n' ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ho]v t\m´v

ssN¬Uv, Z dn-h¿ _n‰vho≥, Z sK-bn≥ Hm v

ho‰v, Zn ssSw Sp-tamtdm koI´v ssehvkv,

s]‰¬kv Hm^v ªUv, IbvXm\n apXvl¿

_bn-\n, _mc¬ Hm^v F s]≥, UntImf-

ss\-knMv Z ssa≥Uv, aZ¿ knMv t^m¿ an,

hnkm¿Uv Hm^v F tIm F∂n-h-bmWv

][m\- Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

C. lcn-Ip-am¿

]ikvX sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-Øv. 1943˛¬ s]m∂m-

\n-bn¬ P\n-®p. Iqd-Iƒ, Znt\m-k-dns‚ Ip´n,

Ej- -Øns‚ IÆv, Ip¶paw hnX-dnb hgn-Iƒ,

kq£n-®p-h® abn¬∏o-en, ]®-∏-øns\ ]nSn-

°m≥, \K-c-hm-kn-bmb Hcp Ip´n XpS-ßn-b-

h-bmWv IYm-k-am-lm-c-߃. ]W-b-Øn-

s\mcp tkm^vSvshb¿, sIm®-ºm´n XpS-

ßnb t\mh-ep-Ifpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. "Znt\m-k-

dns‚ Ip´n'°v tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan

Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p.

ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen44

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fn¬ ]ap-J≥. 1946˛¬

Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ P\n-®p.

A[ym-]-I≥, \ncq-]-I≥, hnh¿Ø-I≥ F∂o

\ne-I-fnepw ]i-kvX-\m-Wv. tIµ-km-lnXy

A°m-Zan skI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A©p-

kqcy≥, Fgp-Ø-—-s\-gp-Xp-tºmƒ, Ihn-

_p -≤≥, ]oU-\ -Im -ew, hoSp -am -‰w,

Chs\°qSn, ae-bm-fw, tZim-S\w XpS-ßn-

bh ][m\ IrXn-Iƒ. temIIhn-X-I-fp-

sSbpw C¥y≥ Ihn-X-I-fpsSbpw ]cn-`m-jm-

k-am-lm-c-߃ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. tIcf

kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv e`n-®n-´p-≠v.

s_\ym-an≥

t\mh-enÃv, IYm -IrØv. P\-\ -ÿew

]Ø\wXn´ Pn√-bnse Ipf-\S. _lvssd-\n¬

tPmen sNøp-∂p. bqØ-t\-kn-b, s]¨am-

dm´w (IYm-k-am-lm-c߃); ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS

c≠mw ]pkvX-Iw, BSpPohn-Xw, A°-t∏m-

cns‚ Ccp-]Xv \kmWnh¿j-߃, A_o-

i-Kn≥ (t\mh-ep-Iƒ); Ccp≠ h\-ÿ-en-Iƒ

(Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ) F∂nh IrXn-Iƒ. "BSp

PohnXw' tIc-f -km -lnXy A°m-Zan

Ahm¿Uv t\Sn.

Iem-]nb

Xan-gnse B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fn¬ ]ap-J≥.

1950˛¬ P\n-®p. bYm¿Y-t]cv Sn.sI tkma-

kp-µcw. Iem-]nb F∂Xv Xqen-Im-\m-a-amWv.

_m¶v DtZym-K-ÿ≥. sh≈w, Xo¿Y-bm-ssX,

F´m-b-]p-cw, Iem-]nbmIhn-X-Iƒ F∂nh

][m\ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-ß-fm-Wv.

d^o°v Al-ΩZv

]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bnse it≤-b-\mb Ihn. 1961 ¬

Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse A°n-°m-hn¬ P\n-®p. ]mc-

º-cyhpw ]pXp-abpw Iq´n-t®¿Ø-XmWv cN-

\m-co-Xn. ]md-bn¬ ]Wn-™-Xv, kz]v\-hm-Mv

aq-ew, Bƒa-d, No´p-I-fn-°m¿, Kma-hr-£-

Ønse h∆m¬, inh-Iman F∂n-h-bmWv

IhnXm-k-am-lm-c-߃. Ne-®n-X-Km-\-c-N-bn-

Xmhv F∂ \ne-bnepw ]kn-≤-\m-Wv. tIc-f-

km-lnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Upw Ne-®n-X-

Km-\-c-N-\bv-°p≈ kwÿm\ Ahm¿Upw

e`n-®n- p-≠v.

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