7/26/2019 01 Syllabus

1/5

EVIDENCESyllabus

General principlesConcept of evidence

Scope of the Rules of Evidencea) Covered courts; quasi!udicial bodiesb) "roceduralc) "rospective

Evidence in civil cases# cri$inal cases"roof versus evidence%actu$ probans versus factu$ probandu$

&dditional evidenceCorroborative evidenceCu$ulative evidence

&d$issibility of evidenceRequisites for ad$issibility of evidenceRelevance of evidence and collateral $attersCollateral $atters'ultiple ad$issibilityConditional ad$issibilityCurative ad$issibilityDirect and circu$stantial evidence"ositive and ne(ative evidenceCo$petent and credible evidence%alsus in uno# falsus in o$nibus

&libiDelay in filin( co$plaint%li(ht

urden of "roof and urden of Evidenceurden of proofurden of evidenceEquipoise rule

"resu$ptionsConcept of presu$ptionsDistin(uished fro$ inferenceEffect of presu$ptionsEstoppelConclusive presu$ptionsDisputable presu$ptions"resu$ption of death

*ei(ht and Sufficiency of Evidence

1

7/26/2019 01 Syllabus

2/5

"roof beyond reasonable doubt"reponderance of evidenceSubstantial evidenceEvidence required in +rit of a$paroClear and convincin( evidence

*ei(ht of electronic evidence

,udicial notice*hat need not be proved-'atters of !udicial notice

a) 'andatoryb) Discretionary

,udicial notice of forei(n la+s# la+ of nations and $unicipalordinance

,udicial ad$issions

Effect of !udicial ad$issionsI$plied ad$issions&d$issions durin( pretrial&d$issions in a$ended pleaadin(s.o+ !udicial ad$issions $ay be contradicted

/b!ect evidenceNature of ob!ect evidenceRequisites for ad$issibilityCate(ories of ob!ect evidenceDe$onstrative evidence

Vie+ of an ob!ect or sceneChain of custody# in relation to Section 01 of the Co$prehensiveDan(erous Dru(s &ct of 0220

Rule on DN& Evidence 3&4'4 No4 25116SC)a) 'eanin( of DN&b) &pplicable for DN& testin( orderc) "ostconviction DN& testin(; re$edyd) &ssess$ent of probative value of DN& evidence and

ad$issibilitye) Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DN& testin(

$ethodolo(y

Docu$entary evidence'eanin( of docu$entary evidenceRequisites for ad$issibilityRules on Electronic Evidence 3&4'4 No4 21721SC)

Scope; covera(e; $eanin( of electronic evidence;electronic data $essa(e4

2

7/26/2019 01 Syllabus

3/5

"robative value of electronic docu$ents or evidentiary+ei(ht; $ethod of proof4

&uthentication of electronic docu$ents and electronicSi(natures4

Electronic docu$ents visavis the hearsay rule

&udio# photo(raphic# video and ephe$eral evidence

est Evidence Rule'eanin( of the rule*hen applicable'eanin( of ori(inalRequisites for introduction of secondary evidence

"arol Evidence Rule&pplication of the parol evidence rule

*hen parol evidence can be introducedDistinctions bet+een the best evidence rule and parolevidence rule

&uthentication and proof of docu$ents'eanin( of authentication"ublic and private docu$ents*hen a private +ritin( requires authentication; proof of a

en evidence of authenticity of a private +ritin( is notrequired 3ancient docu$ents)

.o+ to prove (enuineness of a hand+ritin(

"ublic docu$ents as evidence; proof of official record&ttestation of a copy"ublic record of a public docu$ent"roof of lac8 of record.o+ a !udicial record is i$peached"roof of notarial docu$ents.o+ to e9plain alterations in a docu$entDocu$entary evidence in an unofficial lan(ua(e

:ualifications of a +itnessCo$petency versus credibility of a +itnessDisqualifications of +itnesses

y reason of $ental capacity or i$$aturityy reason of $arria(ey reason of death or insanity of adverse partyy reason of privile(ed co$$unications

E9a$ination of a +itnessRi(hts and obli(ations of a +itness

3

7/26/2019 01 Syllabus

4/5

/rder in the e9a$ination of an individual +itnessDirect e9a$inationCross e9a$inationRedirect e9a$inationRecross e9a$ination

Recallin( the +itnesseadin( and $isleadin( questions

Rule on E9a$ination of a Child *itness 3&4'4 No4 22

7/26/2019 01 Syllabus

5/5

/b!ections to testi$ony&ppearance of +itnessEffect of failure to appear

.earsay Rule

'eanin( of hearsayReason for e9clusion of hearsay evidenceE9ceptions to the hearsay rule

Dyin( declarationDeclaration a(ainst interest

&ct or declaration about pedi(ree%a$ily reputation or tradition re(ardin( pedi(reeCo$$on reputation"art of the res (estaeEntries in the course of businessEntries in official records

Co$$ercial lists and the li8eearned treaties?esti$ony or deposition at a for$er trial

/pinion evidence/pinion of e9pert +itness/pinion of ordinary +itness

Character evidenceCri$inal casesCivil cases

E9a$ination of child +itness&pplicability of ruleE9a$ination ho+ $adeE9ception to hearsay ruleCharacter evidenceConfidentiality of record"rotective orders

/ffer and ob!ection/ffer of evidence*hen to $a8e an offer/b!ectionRepetition of an ob!ectionRulin(Stri8in( out of an ans+er?ender of e9cluded evidence

5