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Diamo però ora due definizioni più accurate di miscela omogenea ed eterogenea

DEFINIZIONE: Con il termine miscela omogenea intendiamo il risultato del mescolamento di due o più sostanze taleche le proprietà della miscela stessa siano omogenee su tutto il volume considerato, cioè siano uguali in ogni puntoconsiderato;

DEFINIZIONE: Con il termine miscela eterogenea intendiamo il risultato del mescolamento di due o più sostanze taleche le proprietà della miscela stessa non siano omogenee su tutto il volume considerato, quindi non sempre uguali inogni punto;

Queste definizioni si rendono necessarie per poter interpretare correttamente alcune situazioni che potrebbero portare aconfusione o ambiguità. Consideriamo l'esempio della sostanza latte: questa, alla luce della definizione grossolanarisulta un liquido di colore bianco omogeneo, quindi parrebbe essere una miscela omogenea di diverse sostanze piùsemplici. Invece se consideriamo la definizione corretta considerando due porzioni diverse di sostanza, ci rendiamoconto che alcune proprietà del latte non sono uguali in tutto il volume della miscela. Infatti il latte è costituito da unamiscela di grassi ed acqua, ed il valore della temperatura di ebollizione, per esempio, varia di molto se consideriamouna porzione contenente solo acqua od una contenente acqua e grassi. Il latte risulta quindi una miscela eterogenea acausa della sua composizione invisibile ad occhio nudo

Fig. 3: Latte, una miscela eterogenea

Entriamo nel dettaglio:

A B

Se considero la figura A, che rappresenta una miscela omogenea, possiamo notare come la distribuzione dei puntini siauguale in ogni punto del liquido. Questo vuol dire che prelevando una certa quantità di sostanza nei punti 1 e 2, laproprietà “numero di puntini” avrà lo stesso valore. Questo vuol dire che la proprietà “numero di puntini è omogenea,quindi anche la soluzione. Consideriamo invece il caso B: se adesso considero le quantità prelevate nei punti 1 e 2 mirendo conto che la proprietà “numero di puntini” ha valori completamente diversi, quindi in questo caso la proprietà nonha sempre lo stesso valore in tutto il volume della miscela, ma varia da punto a punto , quindi è eterogenea.

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