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Addressed in this review:

!! Formulation of the final goal for standardised marine biodegradation tests

!! Plastic accumulation in specific habitats

!! The diversity of marine habitats

!! The range of a given set of physical, chemical and geo-(morpho-)logical conditions in marine

habitats to account for e.g. highly dynamic conditions or very stable ones

Touched in this review, further research is needed:

!! Global climatic and small-scale regional differentiation

!! The presence of characteristic communities of organisms, with local, seasonal and depth-

related variations

!! The diversity of fouling microorganisms and their metabolisms

!! Interactions of polymer, organisms and surroundings

!! Interactions/synergistic and antagonistic effects of polymers, organisms and surroundings,

including the influences of different habitats on the biodegradation of a bioplastic

!! Polymer test material composition, structure, surface properties, size and amount

!! The range of available microbial degradation strategies/metabolisms

!! Fouling: its effect on weight of the polymer when measuring weight loss and the oxygen

consumption when using an oxymeter for measuring biodegradation

!! Needed accelerators for degradation processes

!! Environmental safety towards aquatic organisms and limits for heavy metals and toxic

substances in order to evaluate environmental safety correctly

Addressed within Open-Bio experimental work:

!! Time lag between optimal lab conditions and field conditions

!! Potential ãbottle effectsÒ due to a long time duration of the test

!! Limitations for degradation: e.g. nutrients, oxygen, temperature, light

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