0’%)(&!%12’3) 45223,62,2,$,3)’2’64’3)4*&,2,(.8m$ $ ^q^qfq[q$!c868/81$!648@8181$i#c#72#1b8782/#@8$ha874s0678"4$$ $ $$$$$?pb#28i$qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq$b‘$

!"#$%!&'()&*+*%,()+-%!.'/)0'%)(*&!%1*2'3)

4522*3,62,2,$,3*)'2'64'3)4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

)

)

)

)

)

!"#$%!&!'$()*+),$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

-./01234$5#6#728284$9#.8$

$

$

$

$

9:748;#$<=/>=78;#6$?#74#.$(0140@3$)1@01$A0;1042073$+#1#2$?:B:72:C:$

D14070E$!48/$FGGH

!"#$%!&'()&*+*%,()+-%!.'/)0'%)(*&!%1*2'3)

4522*3,62,2,$,3*)'2'64'3)4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

)

)

)

)

)

!"#$%!&!'$()*+),$

$

$

$

I013J/01$

Doç. Dr. Soner YILDIRIM$

$

$

$

-./01234$5#6#728284$9#.8$

$

$

$

$

9:748;#$<=/>=78;#6$?#74#.$(0140@3$)1@01$A0;1042073$+#1#2$?:B:72:C:$

D14070E$!48/$FGGH$

! 8$

#3+#8)

!KLC7#1/#$ 40M70/3$ #C868/$ 020131B0$ =.=1$ N87$ @:7#B87$ =;O=20101E$

60763J3201$N87$4P1=B=7Q$D1"04E$L.#22842#$:24#/8.$M#$R023J01$#C868/8$@313720731B0$

B:J:1:2B:C:$.0/01$>04#668C8$SPS:2#728C#$;#18$;#18$40M=J6=C=$OL7:2/#46#B87Q$

(=$ 1#B#12#E$ N=$ R023J/0B0E$ #KLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/818$ 0B0S6#$ #6/#4$ 8@6#;#1$

4=7=/2070E$ 8.2#/#2#78$ O#7#4#1$ @:7#R2#7$ 82#$ N=120731$ S201201/0@3$ M#$

P7O018.0@;P1=$ 0R3@31B01$ N82O82#1B878"8$ N87$ 40;10C31$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ M#$ 0;73"0$

4=22013"3$ /#74#.28$ P1281#$ B#7@$ /06#7;022#78181$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 8R81$ OL.$ L1:1B#$

N=2=1B=7=2/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ 070;:.$ 60@073/$ S7#1@8S2#78$ 82#$ 4=22013J23234$

4786#72#78181$@=1=2/0@3$0/0R201/3J637Q$

(=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ R023J/0/$ @:7#@81"#$ N#18$ ;L12#1B87#1$ B013J/01$

>P"0/$IPRQ$I7Q$TP1#7$532B373/U0E$@0C20B342073$B#C#728$O#78N82B878/2#7$8R81$)1@01$

A0;1042073$ +#1#2$ ?:B:7:$ *#;20$ V1#;U#E$ +#1#2$ ?:B:7$ 507B3/"3@3$ I7Q$ &=7$

W60701$ M#$ X#7@P1#2$ +#28J687/#$ M#$ 5#68J687/#$ ?:B:7:$ ?#702$ I=7/=JU0E$ >#7$

0J0/0B0$N82O8$ M#$ 6#"7:N#@818$S0;20J0704$R023J/0;0$L1#/28$ 40643207$ @0C20;01$

T8@6#/$ -./013$ +:281$ W106$ (0;37U0$ M#$ B#@6#42#78$ 8R81$ 6:/$ R023J/0$

0740B0J2073/0E$BP@62073/0$M#$082#/#$6#J#44:72#78/8$@=1073/Q$

D;73"0E$ 014#6$ R023J/0@310$ 406320704$ 070J637/0131$ @P1=R201/0@31B0$

L1#/28$N87$40;104$;070601$(0140$S#7@P1#281#$B#$@P1@=.$6#J#44:72#7Q$

$

$ !"#$%!&!'$()*+),$

! 88$

'9'3:!4'2!%)

+;<=;)3>)

ÖNSÖZ ...................QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ8$

),)&I!A)*!'$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$Q88$

9D(*W$*)T9!T)$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQM8$

%!A)*$*)T9!T)$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQM88$

AYTD*9?D$*)T9!T)$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$M888$

!A$*)T9!T)$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ8Z$

ÖZET .............................................................................................................$Z$

D(T9'D<9$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQZ88$

+)')%$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[$

0'%'3.')0#2-()

#$%!&'()&*+*%,(,/)'27'2')&!?%'2!%)@!)(?:!22!%$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\$

[Q[Q$VC7#68/$90@073/3$M#$VC7#1/#$9#P782#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\$

$ [Q[Q[Q$I0M7013JR3$9#P782#7$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ]$

$ [Q[QFQ$(828J@#2$9#P782#7$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ]$

$ [Q[Q^Q$50S3@02"3$9#P782#7$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_$

[QFQ$VC7#68/$90@073/3$?PB#22#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ`$

[Q^Q$!KVC7#68/$90@073/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[F$

$ [Q^Q[Q$A07/0$90@073/$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[^$

$ [Q^QFQ$'P2$M#$+L7#M$I0C323/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[\$

'4'3.')0#2-()

!"#$%!&'(:!)*3*2'8)@!)&*+*%,()+-%!92!%')QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[`$

2.1. Analiz Süreci ........................................QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[`$

$ FQ[Q[Q$!KVC7#1/#$T6706#a8@8181$W2=J6=7=2/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[`$

$ FQ[Q[Q[Q$X0;B0J20731$(#2872#1/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQFG$

$ FQ[Q[QFQ$?#M"=6$I=7=/$D1028.8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF[$

! 888$

$ FQ[Q[Q^Q$D7.=20101$I=7=/$M#$(#42#1682#781$9013/201/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQF[$

$ FQ[Q[QbQ$TcW9$D1028.8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$FF$

$ FQ[Q[QHQ$!;2#/$X2013131$W2=J6=7=2/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$F^$

$ FQ[QFQ$VC7#68/@#2$M#$d#B#e$A862#$D1028.8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$F^$

$ FQ[Q^Q$VC7#1/#$D/0R$M#$d#B#e2#78181$D1028.8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$Fb$

FQFQ$90@073/$T:7#"8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$FH$

$ FQFQ[Q$I#7@$+#28J687/#$50420J3/2073131$(#2872#1/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQFH$

$ FQFQ[Q[Q$!C86/#1$f$VC7#1"8$5L1#68/81B#$I#7@$50420J3/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF\$

$ FQFQ[QFQ$T#147P1$f$D@#147P1$I#7@$50420J3/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF]$

$ FQFQ[Q^Q$T313e$(:;:42:C:$f$A0S0@86#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$F_$

$ FQFQ[QbQ$A=7@8;#72#781$!C868/#$-20J3/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$F`$

$ FQFQ[QHQ$9#41P2Pa84$T601B076207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ [$

$ FQFQFQ$VC7#68/$!64812842#78181$(#2872#1/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ F$

$ FQFQFQ[Q$50;O31$W20704$A=22013201$VC7#68/$!64812842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ ^$

$ FQFQ^Q$D70;:.$90@073/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ H$

$ FQFQ^Q[Q$)1@01K(82O8@0;07$!6482#J8/8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ H$

$ FQFQ^QFQ$(828J@#2$D70R20731$T#R8/8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̂ ]$

$ 2.2.3.3. Metafor Seçimi .................................................................$^_$

-9-3.-)0#2-()

!"#$%!&'(:!)7!2'6&'%(!A)51752*(*)@!):!$!%2!3:'%(!)+-%!92!%')QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$bG!

^Q[Q$+#28J687/#$T:7#"8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$bG$

$ ^Q[Q[Q$VC7#68/$?06#7;028181$+#28J68782/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$bG$

$ ^Q[Q[Q[Q$)R#78C81$d0.37201/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b[$

$ ^Q[Q[QFQ$)R#784$+#28J687/#$50420J3/2073$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$bF$

$ ^Q[Q[Q^Q$I#7@$D43J$%#/02073131$W2=J6=7=2/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQb^$

$ ^Q[QFQ$I#7@81$X7PO70/201/0@3$M#$g7#68/8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$bb$

3.2. Uygulama Süreci ..................................................................................$bH$

$ ^QFQ[Q$VC7#68/@#2$I013J/01234$d8./#62#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b\$

$ ^QFQFQ$9#4184$I#@6#4$d8./#62#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b\$

^Q^Q$I#C#72#1B87/#$T:7#"8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b]$

$ ^Q^Q[Q$I#C#72#1B87me Türleri ..................................................................$b]$

$ ^Q^QFQ$!KVC7#68/81$I#C#72#1B8782/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b_$

! 8M$

$ ^Q^QFQ[Q$!C868/81$!648@8181$I#C#72#1B8782/#@8$hA874S0678"4$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$?PB#28i$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b`$

$ ^Q^QFQFQ$VC7#68/$50.323/3131$I#C#72#1B8782/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$HF$

$ ^Q^QFQFQ[Q$A=22013J2323C31$I#C#72#1B8782/#@8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$HH$

:#%:-3.-)0#2-()

!"#3)!$'&'()B%?C!+')QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\G$

bQ[Q$X7Pa#181$+#7#4R#@8$M#$D/0"3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\G$

4.2. Proje Süreçleri .......................QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\[$

$ bQFQ[Q$D1028.$hV1$d0.37234i$T:7#"8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\[$

$ bQFQFQ$9#/#2$90@073/$V.#22842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\H$

$ bQFQ^Q$)R#784$+#28J687/#$T:7#"8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\]$

$ bQFQ^Q[Q$?#74#.$(014020731B0$V1$!C868/$-;O=20/02073$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\]$

$ bQFQ^Q[Q[Q$DM=@6702;0$?#74#.$(0140@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]G$

$ bQFQ^Q[QFQ$DM=@6=7;0$?#74#.$(0140@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]G$

$ bQFQ^Q[Q^Q$,#4$<=/>=78;#68$?#74#.$(0140@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ][$

$ bQFQ^Q[QbQ$)1O826#7#$?#74#.$(0140@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]F$

$ bQFQ^QFQ$I8C#7$)R#784$+#28J687/#$,023J/02073$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]b$

0!6'3.')0#2-()

1#3&!()@!)052752*%)QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]]$

HQ[Q$D70J637/0$5L16#/8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]]$

5.2. Örneklem .............................................................................................$]]$

HQ^Q$j#78$9PS20/0$D70"3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]_$

5.4. Veri Toplama Süreci ....QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_G$

HQHQ$j#782#781$D1028.8$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_G$

HQ\Q$T313723234207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_[$

HQ]Q$(=2O=207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_[$

HQ]Q[Q$I#C8J4#12#7#$)28J481$(=2O=207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_[$

HQ]QFQ$?06#7;0281$A=22013J2323C3;20$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#781#$$$$$$$$$$$)28J481$(=2O=207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_b$

HQ]QFQ[Q$*84#76$98S8$TP7=2070$)28J481$(=2O=207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_b$

HQ]QFQFQ$DR34$-R2=$TP7=2070$)28J481$(=2O=207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_`$

5.7.2.2.1. Materyalin Güçlü Bulunan Özelikleri ...................$̀ G$

5.7.2.2.2. Materyalin Yetersiz Bulunan Özelikleri ...............$̀ [$

! M$

HQ]QFQFQ^Q$?06#7;028$A=2201374#1$50S3201$d060207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̀ F$

HQ]QFQFQbQ$?06#7;0281$+#28J68782/#@8$)R81$A06323/"3$$ Önerileri ..............................................................$̀ ^$

*2&,3.,)0#2-()

+?359)@!)#3!%'2!%)QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$̀ \$

KAYNAKÇA ...............................................................................................[G\$

!A*!'$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[[[$

! M8$

&*02?)2'+&!+')

+;<=;)3>)

90N2P$[Q[Q$!KVC7#1/#B#$'P22#7$M#$+L7#M2#7$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$[_$

90N2P$FQ[Q$!KVC7#1/#B#$I84406#$D2310"04$VC7#1"8$V.#22842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQFb$

90N2P$FQFQ$!C868/81$D2310"0C3$W760/0$(0C23$T313723234207$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$F`$

90N2P$FQ^Q$50;O31$W20704$A=22013201$VC7#68/$!64812842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ^b$

90N2P$^Q[Q$A874S0678"4U81$IL76$DJ0/023$I#C#72#1B87/#$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$b`$

90N2P$^QFQ$A=22013J2323C31$I#C#72#1B8782/#@81#$)28J481$A786#72#7$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$H_$

90N2P$bQ[Q$!KV1$!C868/$X7PO70/3$)R#784$90@20C3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]H$

90N2P$HQ[Q$<81@8;#6$+7=S$)@6068@6842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_[$

90N2P$HQFQ$<81@8;#6$I#C8J4#18$)R81$(0C3/@3.$+7=S$6K9#@68$TP1=R2073$QQQQQQQQQQQ$_F$

90N2P$HQ^Q$Y16#71#6$A=2201/0$T3423C3$+7=S$)@6068@6842#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_F$

90N2P$HQbQ$Y16#71#6$A=2201/0$T3423C3$I#C8J4#18$)R81$50S3201$(0C3/@3.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+7=S$6K9#@68$TP1=R2073$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_F$

90N2P$HQHQ$Y16#71#6$A=2201/0$5323$+7=S$)@6068@6842#78QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_^$

90N2P$HQ\Q$Y16#71#6$A=2201/0$5323$I#C8J4#18$)R81$50S3201$(0C3/@3.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+7=S$6K9#@68$TP1=R2073$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_^$

90N2P$HQ]Q$!KVC7#1/#$I#1#;8/8$)R81$?011Kc>861#;$-$9#@68$TP1=R2073$QQQQQ$_b$

90N2P$HQ_Q$+L7:16:$I:.#18;2#$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_H$

90N2P$HQ`Q$+L7:16:$V.#22842#78;2#$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_\$

90N2P$HQ[GQ$)R#7842#$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_\$

90N2P$HQ[[Q$+#.81/#$V.#228C8;2#$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_]$

90N2P$HQ[FQ$+#78N82B878/2#72#$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_]$

90N2P$HQ[^Q$d06020720$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$__$

90N2P$HQ[bQ$A=22013/$AP20;23C3;20$)2O828$A06323/"3$+L7:J2#78$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$_`$

! M88

6!4'2)2'+&!+')

+;<=;)3>)

%#482$[Q[Q$I8"4$M#$<07#;$90@073/$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$[G$

%#482$[QFQ$DIIY!$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$[[$

%#482$[Q^Q$A#/S$90@073/$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$[F$

%#482$[QbQ$A07/0$90@073/$?PB#28$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$[H$

%#482$[QHQ$X^$h)1@01KSüreçKÜrün Döngüsü) Modeli .....................................$[]$

%#482$FQ[Q$!C86/#1$M#$VC7#1"8$5L1#68/28$I#7@$50420J3/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQF\$

%#482$^Q[Q$T>0"4#2U81$A=22013J23234$9013/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQH\$

%#482$^QFQ$&8#2@#1U81$A=22013J23234$9013/3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$H\$

%#482$bQ[Q$X7Pa#$W7O018.0@;P1$%#/0@3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\F$

%#482$bQFQ$)J$I0C323/$DC0"3$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$\b$

%#482$bQ^Q$9PS20163$WB0@3$?#60eP7=$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ\\$

%#482$bQbQ$W78a8102$(0141P620731$V.#22842#78$?06#7;0281B#1$V71#4$!4701$QQQQQQQ\]$

%#482$bQHQ$V71#4$T#107;P$!47013$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$]\$

$

$

$

! M888$

4,+*2&(*)2'+&!+')

(P!$ k$(014$Pe$!1O201B$h)1O826#7#$?#74#.$(0140@3i$

<T-l$ k$<P/S=6#7$T;@6#/$-@0N8286;$l=#@68P11087#$$$ $$h(82O8@0;07$T8@6#/8$A=22013J23234$D14#68i$

!5T$ k$!C868/$5L1#68/$T8@6#/8$

)ID$ k$)J$I0C323/$DC0"3$

l-YT$ k$l=#@68P11087#$eP7$-@#7$Y16#7e0"#$T068@e0"68P1$$$ $$hA=22013"3$D70;:.:1#$)28J481$?#/1=18;#6$D14#68i$

&D-$ k$&8#2@#1U@$D6678N=6#@$Pe$-@0N8286;$h&8#2@#1U81$A=22013J23234$D14#68i$

&d!$ : Nielsen’s Heuristic Evaluation $$ (Nielsen’in Büt:1":2$I#C#72#1B87/#@8i$

W#&($ k$W#@6#77#8">8@">#$&068P102N014$hDM=@6=7;0$?#74#.$(0140@3i$

X!'9$ k$X7PO70/$!M02=068P1$01B$'#M8#m$9#">18n=#$$$ $$hX7PO70/$I#C#72#1B87/#$M#$)1"#2#/#$9#418C8i$

X+5?$ k$X#7@P1#2$+#28J687/#$M#$5#68J687/#$?:B:72:C:$

Xd-!$ k$X70"68"02$d#=78@68"@$eP7$-@0N8286;$!M02=068P1$$$ $$h-;O=20/0;0$I0;023$(:6:1":2$A=22013J23234$I#C#72#1B87/#@8i$

TXTT$ k$T6068@68"02$X0"40O#$eP7$6>#$TP"802$T"8#1"#@$$ $$hTP@;02$(828/2#7$)R81$)@6068@684$X7PO70/3i$

TcW9$ k$T67#1O6>E$c#041#@@E$WSSP76=1868#@E$9>7#06@$$$ $$h+:R2:E$o0;3e$5L12#7E$p37@06207E$9#>B862#7i$

9<?($ k$9:748;#$<=/>=78;#6$?#74#.$(0140@3$

$

! 8Z$

!4)2'+&!+')

+;<=;)3>)

!4$[Q$qW78a8102$(0141P620731$V.#22842#78r$AP1=2=$!KVC7#1/#$$$$$$$$$$$?06#7;028181$A=22013J23234$D14#68$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ[[F$

$

$

$

$

$

! Z$

#8!&)

+:1:/:.B#E$ RP42=P760/$ 6#41P2Pa82#781#$ B0;023$ #KLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/8E$

L.#22842#$ R023J0120731$ 4078;#7$ O#28J8/2#7818$ >3.201B37/04$ M#$ N87#;@#2$

O#28J8/2#7818$ @0C20/04$ 0/0"3;20$ >#/$ B:1;0B0$ >#/$ B#$ 9:748;#UB#$

;0;O3120J0704$4=220132/0460B37Q$D1"04E$N87$#KLC7#1/#$S7PO70/3$>0.37201374#1$

63S43$ B8C#7$ S7PO70/$ O#28J687/#$ R023J/020731B0$ P2B=C=$ O8N8E$ #64828$ M#$

@:7B:7:2#N8287$ LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$ P2=J6=7=20N82/#@8$ 8R81$ #KLC7#68/$ 60@073/$

@:7#"8181E$ S7PO70/$ O#28J687/#$ 4786#72#78$ OL.$ L1:1B#$ N=2=1B=7=20704$ 40S@0/23$

N87$ J#482B#$ S201201/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ #KLC7#68/$ 60@073/$

@:7#"818$#6482#;#1$S#4RP4$e046L7$N=2=1/0460B37Q$(=$e046L72#7B#1$#1$L1#/282#78$

S#B0OPa84E$ 6#41P2Pa84E$ 4=7=/@02E$ 8B078E$ P1281#$ B#@6#4$ M#$ 070;:.$ 60@073/3$

NP;=6207313$ 8R#7/#46#B87Q$ (=$ e046L72#781$ >#7N878$ #KLC7#1/#$ P760/310$ 828J481$

e07423$ 4P1=20731$ 87B#2#1B8C8$ M#$ @8@6#/0684$ P20704$ N87N872#781#$ N0C23$ P201$ N87RP4$

026$NP;=6601$P2=J/0460B37Q$$

I8C#7$ 6070e601E$ #KLC7#1/#181$ BPC0@3$ O#7#C8$ #C868/2#7$ N82O8@0;07$ M#$

B#7@$;0.323/2073$070"323C3;20$@=1=2/0460B37Q$(=$B0$S7PO70/0$4063201$48J82#7$ 82#$

S7PO70/3$ ;:7:6#1$#C868/"82#781$;:.$;:.#$P2/04$;#781#$@0102$P760/B0E$O#7R#4$

.0/0123$ M#fM#;0$ .0/01$ N0C3/@3.$ 82#68J8/$ 4=7/0207313$ O#7#4687/#46#B87Q$

IP20;3@3;20E$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;0281B#$ /#;B010$ O#2#N82#"#4$ 04@0423420731$ ;0$

B0$ ;#6#7@8.$ ;L12#781$ O#2#1#4@#2$ @313e$ #C868/2#781B#$ P2B=C=$ O8N8$ >#/#1$ M#$

0131B0$B:.#2682/#$J01@3$N=2=1/0/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#E$O#28J68782#1$/06#7;0281$

#6481E$#@1#4$M#$4=22013J23$N87$60@073/0$@0>8S$P2/0@3E$4=22013"3$/#/1=18;#68181$

@0C201/0@3$M#$B0>0$B0$L1#/28@8$N0J07323$LC7#1/#$P760/2073131$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$

0R3@31B01$N:;:4$L1#/$60J3/0460B37Q$$

(=$N82O82#7$3J3C31B0$N=$R023J/0131$0/0"3E$9:748;#$<=/>=78;#6$?#74#.$

(0140@3U1B0$>02#1$O#28J68782/#46#$P201$M#$(0140$816701#68$070"323C3;20$8J#$;#18$

N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#2#$ @=1=20cak “EKV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$ 40S@0/31B0$ ;:7:6:2#1$

#KS7PO70/$ 60@073/$ @:7#"818$ 0;731632073$ 82#$ 81"#2#/#4$ M#$ N=$ S7Pa#B#$

! Z8$

4=2201320"04$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$/06#7;02818E$ 18>08$ 406323/"320731$ OL7:J2#7818$ 020704$

4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$ B#C#72#1B87/#4687Q$ (=$ 0/0R$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$

070J637/0131$ L71#42#/818$ 9:748;#$ <=/>=78;#6$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3U1B0$ OL7#M#$

;#18$N0J20;01$HH$S#7@P1#2$P2=J6=7/0460B37Q$,023J/0B0$M#782#7E$8;8$60@07201/3J$

N87$4=22013"3$070;:.:1B#$N=2=1/0@3$O#7#4#1$N0.3$4786#72#781$ 6#/#2$0231B3C3$N87$

4=22013J23234$ 014#68$ 070"323C3;20$ 6PS201/3J637Q$ D14#66#$ ;#7$ 0201$ 6PS20/$^_$ @P7=$

N0.3$ 8@6068@6848$ 01028.2#7#$ 60N8$ 6=6=20704$ 406323/"320731$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$

40S@0/31B0$ O#28J68782#1$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ 4=22013J2323C310$ 828J481$

OL7:J2#78$82#$/06#7;0281$8;82#J68782/#@81#$;L1#284$L1#782#78$N#2872#1/8J687Q$$

D70J637/0$ @P1=R2073E$ 406323/"320731$ N:;:4$ N87$ RPC=12=C=1=1$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;02818$ P2B=4R0$ 4=22013J23$ N=2B=4207313$ OL@6#7/8J687Q$ D14#6#$

406320120731$ N0.3$ 48J8@#2$ N82O82#781#$ OL7#$ ;0S3201$ 407J320J637/0$ @P1=R207310$

N0432B3C31B0$8@#$L1"#B#1$#KLC7#1/#$B#1#;8/8$P20120731$#KLC7#1/#$B#1#;8/8$

P2/0;012070$ 10.0701$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B0$ B0>0$ P2=/2=$ OL7:J$

N82B87B842#78$ P760;0$ R34/3J637Q$ I8C#7$ 6070e601E$ 014#6#$ 4063201$ 48J82#7$ 070@31B048$

"81@8;#6E$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ @3423C3$ M#$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ ;323$ O8N8$ B#C8J4#12#7#$

N0432B3C31B0E$/06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3;20$ 82O828$ OL7:J2#7B#$ N87$ e07423234$ P2/0B3C3$

OL.2#1/8J687Q$ D;73"0E$ 014#66#$ ;L1#2682#1$ 0R34$ =R2=$ @P7=207$ 1#68"#@81B#$

/06#7;0281$O:R2:$M#$;#6#7@8.$L.#22842#78$82#$#C868/$#@10@31B0$P2=J01$04@04234207$

N#2872#1/8J$ M#$ /06#7;0281$ O#28J68782/#@8$ M#$ 8;82#J68782/#@81#$ ;L1#284$ 023101$

406323/"3$L1#782#78s$#4701Karayüz, renkKN0C20163$828J48@8E$6#@6K023J637/0E$OL7@#22#7E$

8R#784$M#$O#.81/#$N0J2342073$02631B0$406#OP782#7#$0;37320704$87B#2#1/8J687Q$$

TP1=R$ P20704E$ N=$ R023J/0B0$ ;0S3201$ 286#706:7$ 6070/0@3$ M#$ 070J637/0$

N=2O=2073E$ S#7@P1#2$ #C868/81B#$ #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/02073131$ >#7$ O#R#1$ O:1$

07663C313$ M#$ N=$ 40S@0/B0E$ e07423$ N87#;2#781$ e07423$ O#7#4@818/2#781#$ ;0136$

M#7#N82#1E$ 4=22013"3;3$ /#74#.#$ 0201$ 60@073/207$ 070"323C3;20$ B0>0$ 40286#28$ M#$

4=22013J23$ #KLC7#1/#$ B#7@$ /06#7;022#78181$ O#28J68782/#@8$ O#7#468C818$

OL@6#7/8J687Q$

*D;EF;G) 4HIJKHIHG/$ !KVC7#1/#E$ VC7#68/@#2$ T8@6#/$ 90@073/3E$ !KVC7#68/$

90@073/$T:7#"8E$A=22013J23234$9#@68E$A=22013J23234$A786#72#78Q$

! Z88

*0+&%*.&)

9PB0;E$ 6>#$ /#6>PB$ Pe$ #K2#07181O$ N0@#B$ P1$ 0BM01"#B$ /=268/#B80$

6#">1P2PO8#@E$>0@$N##1$ 81"7#0@81O2;$=6828.#B$NP6>$ 81$9=74#;$01B$ 81$ 6>#$mP72B$

@P$0@$6P$0""#2#706# the employees’ professional development and to maintain

6>#87$ 81B8M8B=02$O7Pm6>Q$dPm#M#7E$m>#1$B#M#2PS81O$01$#K2#07181O$S7PO70/E$ 81$

P7B#7$ 6P$ "7#06#$ #ee#"68M#$ 01B$ @=@60810N2#$ 2#07181O$ #1M87P1/#16@E$ 6>#$ #K

2#07181O$ B#@8O1$ S7P"#@@$ @>P=2B$ N#$ S2011#B$ 81$ B#S6>$ 01B$ 81$ B#6082@$ N;$

"P1@8B#781O$ "=778"=2=/$ B#M#2PS/#16$ S781"8S2#@Q$ Y1$ 6>8@$ 7#@S#"6E$ 6>#7#$ 07#$

1=/#7P=@$ e0"6P7@$ 6>06$ 0ee#"6$ 6>#$ @67#1O6>$ Pe$ #K2#07181O$ B#@8O1$ S7P"#@@Q$

D/P1O$ 6>#@#$ e0"6P7@E$ @P/#$ Pe$ 6>#$ /P@6$ 8/SP76016$ P1#@$ 07#$ S#B0OPO8"02E$

6#">1P2PO8"02E$ 81@686=68P102E$ 0B/818@67068M#E$ P1281#$ @=SSP76$ 01B$ 816#7e0"#$

B#@8O1Q$ !0">$ Pe$ 6>#@#$ e0"6P7@$ >0M#$ @#M#702$ @=NKe0"6P7@$ m>8">$ 07#$

816#7B#S#1B#16$81$0$@;@6#/068"$/011#7$01B$"P1@8@6#B$Pe$@P/#$86#/@$eP"=@#B$

P1$0$B8ee#7#16$0@S#"6$Pe$#K2#07181O$#1M87P1/#16Q$

W1$ 6>#$ P6>#7$ >01BE$ 81$ 0""P7B01"#$ m86>$ 6>#$ 106=7#$ Pe$ #K2#07181OE$

P1281#$ S7PO70/@$ 07#$ N#81O$ B#28M#7#B$ 6>7P=O>$ 6>#$ =@#$ Pe$ "P/S=6#7@$ 01B$

@Pe6m07#$ S7PO70/@Q$ T81"#$ 6>8@$ 7#n=87#@$ @;1">7P1P=@$ 01BfP7$ 0@;1">7P1P=@$

"P//=18"068P1$ Pe$ 67081##@$ 01B$ 67081#7@$ 81$ 0$ M876=02$ #1M87P1/#16E$ 86$ 8@$ M#7;$

>07B$6P$7#@P2M#$6>#$S7PN2#/@$P7$8/S7PM#$6>#$m#041#@@#@$P""=7#B$B=781O$6>#$

6708181O$ 78O>6$ 0m0;$ 0@$ 81$ 0$ 670B868P102$ "20@@$ #1M87P1/#16Q$ pP7$ 6>8@$ 7#0@P1E$

/081608181O$e=1"68P10286;E$ e2#Z8N8286;$01B$=@0N8286;$Pe$ 6>#$#K2#07181O$"P=7@#m07#$

8@$0$1#"#@@86;$6P$@068@e;$6>#$1##B@$Pe$6>#$=@#7E$01B$/P7#$8/SP760162;$6P$"7#06#$

@=""#@@e=2$2#07181O$#1M87P1/#16@Q$

c86>81$ 6>#$ 28O>6$ Pe$ 6>#@#$ #ZS201068P1@E$ 6>#$ S=7SP@#$ Pe$ 6>8@$ @6=B;$ 8@$

twofold: First, it aims to examine the design process of “EKOrientation” project

m>8">$ 8@$N#81O$B#M#2PS#B$06$ 6>#$<#16702$(014$Pe$ 6>#$'#S=N28"$Pe$9=74#;$ eP7$

6>#$ 1#m2;$ 7#"7=86#B$ (014$ S#7@P11#2E$ 01B$ @#"P1B2;$ 86$ 08/@$ 6P$ 0@@#@@$ 6>#$

=@0N8286;$ Pe$ 01$ #K2#07181O$ "P=7@#m07#$ m>8">$ m822$ N#$ =@#B$ 81$ 6>#$ S7Pa#"6$ N;$

! Z888$

60481O$6>#$PS818P1@$Pe$#1BK=@#7@Q$ Y1$6>8@$"P11#"68P1E$6>#$@0/S2#$Pe$6>#$@6=B;$

"P1@8@6@$Pe$HH$1#m2;$7#"7=86#B$S#7@P11#2$06$6>#$<#16702$(014$Pe$6>#$'#S=N28"$

Pe$9=74#;Q$9>#$B060$81$6>#$@6=B;$m0@$"P22#"6#B$M80$0$n=#@68P11087#$m86>$0$6P602$

Pe$ ^_$ n=#@68P1@E$ eP"=@81O$ P1$ 0$ @#6$ Pe$ "786#780$ 6>06$ 1##B@$ 6P$ N#$S7#@#16$ 81$ 0$

m#22KB#@8O1#B$=@#7$ 816#7e0"#Q$9>#$B060$"P22#"6#B$ 81$ 6>#$@6=B;$08/$ 6P$ e81B$P=6$

detailed information about the subjects’ perceptions on the usability of the eK

2#07181O$ /06#7802$ 01B$ 02@P$ 08/$ 6P$ O#6$ 6>#87$ @=OO#@68P1@$ eP7$ e=76>#7$

8/S7PM#/#16$Pe$6>#$/06#7802@$B#M#2PS#BQ$$

9>#$ 7#@=26@$ Pe$ 6>#$ @6=B;$ 81B8"06#$ 6>06$ 6>#$ M0@6$ /0aP786;$ Pe$ 6>#$

S0768"8S016@$ S#7"#8M#$ 6>#$ #K2#07181O$/06#7802$ 0@$ 0$ =@#e=2$ "P=7@#m07#Q$c>#1$

@P/#$ "P/S078@P1@$ m#7#$ /0B#$ N;$ "P1@8B#781O$ @P/#$ Pe$ 6>#$ M0780N2#@$

7#O07B81O$6>#$S0768"8S016@E$6>#$7#@=26@$@>Pm#B$6>06$6>#$P1#@$m>P$>0M#$S78P7$#K

2#07181O$ #ZS#78#1"#$ 7#SP76#B$/P7#$ SP@868M#$ PS818P1@$ P1$ 6>#$ =@0N8286;$ Pe$ 6>#$

"P=7@#m07#$ 6>01$ 6>#$P1#@$m86>P=6$S78P7$#K2#07181O$#ZS#78#1"#Q$W1$ 6>#$P6>#7$

>01BE$ 6>#$ 7#@=26@$ 7#M#02$ 6>06$ M0780N2#@$ @=">$ 0@$ @#ZE$ e7#n=#1";$ Pe$ Y16#71#6$

0""#@@$ 01B$ ;#07@$ Pe$ #ZS#78#1"#$ m86>$ Y16#71#6$ >0M#$ 1P$ 81e2=#1"#$ 81$ 6>#$

PS818P1@$Pe$6>#$S0768"8S016@$P1$6>#$=@0N8286;$Pe$6>#$"P=7@#m07#Q$c86>$6>#$PS#1K

#1B#B$ 86#/@$ 81$ 6>#$ n=#@68P11087#E$ @P/#$ @67P1O$ 01B$ m#04$ SP816@$ Pe$ 6>#$

"P=7@#m07#$ m#7#$ B#6#7/81#B$ 01B$ 0@$ 0$ "P1@#n=#1"#E$ @=OO#@68P1@$ Pe$ 6>#$

S0768"8S016@$ 6P$ 8/S7PM#$ 6>#$ "P=7@#m07#$ m#7#$ "06#OP78.#B$ =1B#7$ "#76081$

>#0B81O@$ @=">$ 0@$ B8@S20;K816#7e0"#E$ "P2P7K2814$ "P11#"68P1E$ 6#@6@K#Z#7"8@#@E$

M8@=02@E$"P16#16$01B$10M8O068P1Q$

D@$0$7#@=26E$NP6>$6>#$286#706=7#$7#M8#m$01B$e81B81O@$Pe$6>#$@6=B;$7#M#02$

6>06$ 6>#$7P2#$Pe$#K2#07181O$ 81$S#7@P11#2$ 6708181O$ 8@$ 81"7#0@81O$B0;$N;$B0;$01B$

0@$0$"P1@#n=#1"#E$6>#7#$078@#@$0$1##B$6P$81"7#0@#$6>#$n=0286;$01B$=@0N8286;$Pe$

6>#$#K2#07181O$"P=7@#m07#@$N;$S7P/P681O$01B$/081608181O$6>#$eP"=@$P1$=@#7K

"#16#7#B$B#@8O1@$6>06$"06#7$eP7$M078P=@$1##B@$Pe$B8ee#7#16$=@#7@Q$

4H<) L>GMN/$ !K*#07181OE$ Y1@67="68P102$ T;@6#/@$ I#@8O1E$ !K*#07181O$ I#@8O1$

X7P"#@@E$-@0N8286;$9#@6E$-@0N8286;$<786#780@Q$

! [

7'%'6)

(82O8$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$ M#$ Y16#71#6E$ >0;0631$>#7$0201313$ 40R3132/0.$N8R8/B#$

#6482#/#46#B87Q$ Y16#71#6$ 070"323C3;20$ P2=J01$ 4:7#@#2$ N82O8$ 0C3E$ /PB#71$ 8J$

>0;063131$ ;0S3@313E$ 8J$ ;0S/0$ N8R8/2#7818$ M#$ R023J01$ S7Pe82818$ ;#18B#1$

J#4822#1B87/#46#B87Q$(=10$S0702#2$olarak, günümüz bilgi toplumunda örgütler,

R023J012073131$O#28J#1$;#18$4PJ=22070$=;=/207313$@0C20/04$M#$S#7eP7/01@207313$

O#28J687/#4$ 8R81$ B0>0$ >3.23E$ B0>0$ #@1#4$ RL.:/2#7#$ #C828/$ OL@6#7/#46#B872#7Q$

(=$ 1P460B0E$ #KLC7#1/#E$ L7O:62#781$ 8>68;0"3$ P201$ B810/8./#$ M#$ #@1#428C#$

@0>8S$;#18284R8$N87$RL.:/$P20704$P760;0$R34/0460B37Q$$

!KLC7#1/#E$ m#NE$ Y16#71#6$ ;0$ B0$ 816701#6$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$ 070"323C3;20$

R#J8628$LC7#1/#$B#1#;8/2#78181$P2=J6=7=2/0@3B37Q$!KLC7#1/#E$OL7@#2$M#$ 8J86@#2$

LC#2#72#$ .#1O812#J68782/8J$ #C86@#2$ 8R#7842#78$ M#$ N=12073$ B#@6#42#;#1$ R#J8628$

6#@62#78$@=10N82#1E$4P1=$82#$82O828$O#7#428$N82O82#7#$=20J3/3$4P20;20J6370N82#1E$@#@28E$

OL7:16:2:$ M#$ #6482#J8/28E$ @#147P1$ ;0$ B0$ 0@#147P1$ N87$ LC7#68/$ @8@6#/8B87Q$$$$$$$$

!KLC7#1/#$40M70/3E$N87$0C$:.#781B#1$@=1=201$=.04601$#C868/E$P1281#$#C868/E$

m#N$ 60N0123$ #C868/E$ N82O8@0;070$ B0;023$ #C868/E$ <IK'W?$ B#@6#428$ #C868/$ O8N8$

;L16#/2#78$J#/@8;#@8$02631B0$N0731B37/0460B37Q$

Bir örgütte eKLC7#1/#181$ N0J07323$ N87$ J#482B#$ =;O=201/0@3E$ #64828$ M#$

40286#28$ LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$ P2=J6=7=20N82/#@i için #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/02073$

60@07201374#1E$ sürecin teknik ve LC7#68/@#2$ 60@073/$ NP;=62073131$ ;013$ @370$

LC7#1/#$ 4:26:7:E$ 28B#7284$ N#"#782#78E$ 8J$ O#7#4R#2#78$ O8N8$ N87RP4$ e046L7:1$ B#$

B84406#$ 02310704E$ 4PJ=22070$ =;O=1$ #KLC7#1/#$ @6706#a82#78181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (#18/@#1#"#4$ LC7#68/@#2$ @8@6#/$ 60@073/3$ /PB#28$

BPC7=26=@=1B0$ S7PO70/23E$ ;#182842#7#$ M#$ ;#18B#1$ B:.#12#/#2#7#$ 0R34$ N87$

S20120/0131$ ;0S32/0@3E$ @:7#"81$ N0J073;20$ 60/0/201/0@3$ 8R81$ N:;:4$ L1#/$

60J3/0460B37Q$

+#1#2$ P20704$ 6:/$ LC7#68/@#2$ @8@6#/$ 60@073/$/PB#22#78$ BL1O:@#2$ N87$

/01634$ R#7R#M#@81B#$ q01028.rE$ q60@073/rE$ qO#28J687/#rE$ qB#C#72#1B87/#rE$

! F

q=;O=20/0r$O8N8$N0.3$6#/#2$0J0/0207B01$P2=J/0460B37Q$(=70B0$>#7$N87$0J0/0$

N87N878;2#$ N0C2016323B37$ M#$ @:7#R$ 8R81B#$ P760/E$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ M#$ 0/0R207$

BPC7=26=@=1B0$B#C8J#N82/#46#B87Q!

!KLC7#1/#$P760/313$O#2#1#4@#2$#C868/2#7B#1$0;3701$#1$6#/#2$L.#2284E$

N82O8$ M#$ N#"#782#781$ LC7#1"82#7#E$ N82O8@0;07$ M#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/2073$ 070"323C3;20$

@=1=2=;P7$P2/0@3B37Q$(=$B=7=/E$S7PO70/0$4063201$48J82#7$ 82#$S7PO70/3$;:7:6#1$

#C868/"8$ ;0$ B0$ S7PO70/$ @P7=/2=2073131$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ P2/04$ ;#781#$ Y16#71#6$

070"323C3$ 82#$ @0102$ N87$ P760/B0$ O#7R#4$ .0/0123$ M#fM#;0$ .0/01$ N0C3/@3.$

82#68J8/$ N8R8/2#7818$ 4=22010704$ #6482#J8/B#$ N=2=1/0207313$ O#7#428$ 432/0460B37Q$$

!KLC7#1/#$/06#7;0281B#$ /#;B010$ O#2#N82#"#4$ 04@0423420731E$ ;#6#7@8.$ ;0$ B0$

O#28J68782/#@8$O#7#4#1$;L12#781$O#2#1#4@#2$@313e$P760/31B0$;0S3201$#C868/2#7B#$

P2B=C=$O8N8$>#/#1$M#$0131B0$B:.#2682/#$J01@3$N=2=1/0/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#E$

>0.3720101$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ #6481$ N87$ J#482B#$ 8J2#M2#7818$ ;:7:6:;P7$

P2/0@3E$ 4=22013"3$ /#/1=18;#6818$ @0C20/0@3$ M#$ B0>0$ B0$ L1#/28@8$ 0120/23$

LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ LC7#1/#181$ @:7#42828C8181$ @0C201/0@3$

0R3@31B01$ N:;:4$ L1#/$ 60J3/0460B37Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 60@073/$ M#$ O#28J687/#$

0J0/0@31B0$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$4=22013J23234$0R3@31B01$B#C#72#1B8782/#@8E$

/06#7;0281$8R#7B8C8$S7PN2#/2#781E$O:R2:$;0$B0$;#6#7@8.$=1@=720731E$O#28J68782/#@8$

O#7#4#1$L.#22842#781$6#@S86$#B82#7#4$8;82#J68782/#@81B#$;P2$OL@6#78"8$P2/0460B37Q$$

A=22013J23234$ 6#@68E$ N87$ ;0.323/$ ;0$ B0$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ N82O8@0;07$

@8@6#/81B#48$@P7=12=E$.0;3e$;0$B0$O#28J68782/#@8$O#7#4#1$020120731$N#2872#1/#@8$

8R81$ 4=22013201$ N87$ ;L16#/B87$ h*##E$ [``ìQ$ A=22013J2323C31$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8E$

#64828$ #KLC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#78181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ 8R81$ @P1$ B#7#"#$ O#7#428$ N87$

süreç olup uygun geribilB878/2#7$#2B#$#B82B8C8$@:7#"#E$/06#7;0281$P2=/2=$;L1B#$

O#28J8/818$ @0C20/0460B37Q$ I#C#72#1B87/#$ @P1="=1B0$ O#28J68782/#46#$ P201$

/06#7;02#$ 828J481$ >060207$ >#/#1$ B:.#2682#/#;#"#4$ P2@0$ N82#$ #2B#$ #B82#1$

O#78N82B878/2#7$ @P17048$ :7:12#781$ S201201/0@3$ 8R81$ L1#/$ 60J3/0460B37Q$ (87$

/06#7;0281$ 4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$

O#7#4#1$ L1#/28$ 824#2#7B#1$ N878$ 4=22013J23234$ 6#@68181$ P20@3$ #1$ #74#1$ @:7#B#$ M#$

@34$@34$18>08fO#7R#4$4=22013"3207$:.#781B#$;0S32/0@3$O#7#468C8B87Q$

Sonuç olarak, bir eKLC7#1/#$=;O=20/0@3131$N0J073;20$@P1=R201/0@3E$

@:7#"81$ N0J31B01$ 868N07#1$ @8@6#/28$ N87$ J#482B#$ S201201/3J$ P2/0@310$ N0C23B37Q$

! ^

T6706#a82#78E$>#B#e2#78$M#$@601B0762073$ 8;8$N#2872#1/8JE$O#7#428$N:6:1$BP1013/2073$

@0C201/3J$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7PO70/3E$ =;O=20/0$ @:7#"81B#$ O#7#428$ B#@6#42#7$

@0C201B3C3$604B87B#$/=62040$N0J073;0$=20J0"04637Q$$

(=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ 070J637/0131$ 0/0"3E$ 9:748;#$ <=/>=78;#6$ ?#74#.$

(0140@3U1B0$ O#28J68782/#46#$ P201$ M#$ (0140$ 816701#68$ 82#$ 8J#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$

personele sunulacak “eKV1$!C868/r$S7Pa#@8$40S@0/31B0s$h[i$01028.E$60@073/$M#$

O#28J687/#$ 0J0/0207313$ 81"#2#/#4E$ hFi$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78 ”

4P1=2=$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;02818E$ 8;8$ 60@07201/3J$ N87$ 4=22013"3$ 070;:.:1B#$

N=2=1/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ 6#/#2$ 4786#72#7$ R#7R#M#@81B#E$ 18>08$ 406323/"320731$

OL7:J2#7818$ 020704$ 4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$ B#C#72#1B87/#4687Q$ D70J637/0$

@P1="=1B0E$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;028181$ O:R2:$ M#$ ;#6#7@8.$ L.#22842#78$ 6#@S86$ #B82#7#4$

N=120731$O#28J68782/#@8$8R81$L1#782#781$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$>#B#e2#1/#46#B87Q$$

Söz konusu eKLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#72#781#$ =;O=1$

P2=S$ P2/0B3C3$ M#$ N=$ #C868/$ /PB:2:1:$ 0201$ 406323/"320731$ 4=22013J23234$

4P1=@=1B048$B:J:1"#$M#$N#C#182#78181$1#$B#7#"#$407J32010N82B8C818$@0S60/04$

0/0"3;20$0J0C3B048$@P7=2070$;0136$0701/3J637k$

[Q$ VC7#1"82#781E$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.ellikleri” materyalinin

4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$ OL7:J2#781B#$ N0.3$ 48J8@#2$ L.#22842#781#$ h"81@8;#6E$

Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ ;323E$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ @3423C3E$ L1"#48$ #KLC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/2#78i$OL7#$N87$e0742320J/0$M07$/3B37t$

FQ$ VC7#1"82#781E$ OL7:16:$B:.#18E$ OL7:16:$Lzellikleri, içerik, gezinme,

O#78N82B878/E$ >060$ M#$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ 4786#72#78$ R#7R#@81B#$ qW78a8102$

(0141P620731$V.#22842#78r$/06#7;028181$4=22013J2323C3$82#$82O828$OL7:J2#78$1#2#7B87t$

Y16#71#6U81$ >#7$ 01$ O#28J#1$ M#$ B#C8J#1$ BPC0@3$ O#7#C8$ #KLC7#1/#$

=;O=20/02073E$ O#7#4$ 60@073/$ M#$ O#28J687/#$ O#7#4@#$ ;:7:6/#$ M#$ 8.2#/#$

R023J/02073$0R320731B01$O#2#1#4@#2$#C868/$;L16#/2#781B#1$N0.3$ e07423$@:7#R2#7$

8R#7/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ LC7#1/#$ M#$ LC7#6/#$ @:7#R2#78181$ #KLC7#1/#$

824#2#78;2#$ =;=/=1=1$ @0C201/0@3$ 8R81$ /#M"=6$ @8@6#/B#$ O#7#428$ ;0S3@02$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!

! b

B#C8J842#781$ O#7R#42#J68782#7#4E$ =;O=1$ ;0420J3/$ M#$ SP28684020731$ 8.2#1/#@8$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

(=$ R023J/0B0E$ #64828$ #KLC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#78181$ >0.37201/0@3$ 8R81$

O#7#428$ P201$ 6:/$ 4PJ=2207$ M#$ @:7#R2#7$ 87B#2#1/8J$ P2=S$ N=120731E$ 9:748;#$

<=/>=78;#6$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3U1B048$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$ 40S@0/31B0$

;:7:6:2#1$ R023J/02070$ ;01@3/02073$ #2#$ 0231/3J637Q$ IP20;3@3;20E$ @L.$ 4P1=@=$

R023J/0131E$ O#7#4$ (0140B0$ ;:7:6:2#1$ /#M"=6$ S7Pa#;#$ O#7#4@#$ @P17048$

S7Pa#2#7#$ 7#>N#7284$ #6/#@8$ 0/0R201/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$ S#7@P1#2$ #C868/81B#$ #K

LC7#1/#181$ >#7$ O#R#1$ O:1$ B0>0$ B0$ 07601$ L1#/8$ N=$ 0201B0$ ;0S320"04$

B#C#72#1B87/#$R023J/02073131$B0$O#7#42828C818$P760;0$R34/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#E$

R023J/0131E$ 9:748;#UB#$ N0140"3234$ 020131B048$ #KLC7#1/#;2#$ 82O828$ N#1.#7$

R023J/02070$ #K/06#7;02$ >0.37201/0@3$ 4P1=@=1B0$ L71#4$ P2/0@3$ B0$

0/0R201/0460B37Q$$

D;73"0E$ N=$ O8N8$ P1281#$ #C868/2#781$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ RPC=12=420$ @:7#R$

@P1=1B0E$ @0B#"#$#C868/$S7PO70/3$M#$LC7#1"8$/#/1=18;#6818$ L2R/#42#$@313723$

402/0460$ M#$ @:7#R$ 8R81B#$ ;0S32/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ B#C#72#1B87/#2#7#$ ;#6#781"#$

L1#/$M#782/#/#46#B87Q$W;@0E$P1281#$#C868/2#781$407/0J34$M#$RP4$;L12:$;0S3@3$

O#7#C8$B#C#72#1B87/#2#781$@:7#R$ 8R81B#$M#$L.#22842#$18>08$4=22013"3207$:.#781B#$

;0S32/0@3$ 4=7@$ /06#7;0281B#48$ >06020731$ M#$ 4=22013"3207$ 6070e31B01$

;0J010N82#"#4$ P20@3$ @34316320731E$ /06#7;02$ >#1:.$ O#28J687/#$ 0J0/0@31B0;4#1$

6#@S86$ #B82/#@8$ P2B=4R0$ L1#/28B87Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ N=$ R023J/0B0E$ 4=7@$

/06#7;028181$ 4=22013J2323C3$ :.#781#$ ;0S3201$ B#C#72#1B87/#E$ >#/$ 0201B0$ N=$ 68S$

=;O=20/02070$ 0.$ 70@6201/0@3$ >#/$ B#$ S7Pa#B#$ 4=2201320"04$ /06#7;0281$

O#28J68782/#@81#$B#@6#4$P2/0@3$0R3@31B01$L1#/$60J3/0460B37Q$$

(=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ R023J/0E$ 6PS20/$ 0263$ NL2:/B#1$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ (8781"8$

NL2:/B#E$ O#1#2$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ M#$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78$ 82#$ #KLC7#68/$ 60@073/$

/PB#22#781#$ ;#7$ M#782/8J687Q$ )481"8$ NL2:/B#E$ #KLC7#68/$ 01028.$ M#$ 60@073/$

@:7#R2#78s$ :R:1":$ NL2:/B#$ O#28J687/#E$ =;O=20/0$ M#$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ @:7#R2#78$

#2#$ 0231/3J637Q$ IL7B:1":$ NL2:/B#$ 8@#$ 9:748;#$ <=/>=78;#6$ ?#74#.$

(0140@3U1B0$ ;:7:6:2/#46#$ P201$ q#KV1$!C868/r$S7Pa#@8181$O#7#4R#@8$ M#$0/0"3$

ile proje süreçle781#$ B#C8182#7#4E$ N=O:1#$ 40B07$ 4P1=;0$ 828J481$ ;:7:6:2#1$

R023J/0207$ 0460732/3J637Q$ (#J81"8$ NL2:/B#E$ “eKV1$!C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$ 40S@0/31B0$

! H

(0141P6$ ?06N00@3$ +#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:U1:1$ 6078>R#@8$ 82#$ 010$ OL7#M2#7818$

04607/04$ :.#7#$ 4=2201320"04$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#228kleri” konulu

/PB:2:1$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#72#781#$ =;O=1$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C313$ 81"#2#/#4$ 0/0"3;20$

406323/"3$OL7:J2#78181$0231B3C3$=;O=20/0;0$;#7$M#782/8J$M#$N=$40S@0/B0$014#6$

R023J/0@310$ 828J481$ @:7#R$ 82#$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ M#782#781$ 01028.8$ M#$ ;P7=/201/0@3$

0460732/3J637Q$ TP1$ NL2:/B#$ 8@#$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ N=2O=2070$ 828J481$ B#C#72#1B87/#2#7$

;0S32/3J$M#$N=$R#7R#M#B#$N87$6043/$L1#782#7$O#28J68782/8J687Q$$

! \

0'%'3.')0#2-()

#$%!&'()&*+*%,(,/)'27'2')&!?%'2!%)@!)(?:!22!%))

OPOP)#QGHFJK)&;N;GRKR)SH)#QGHDKH)&H>GJIHGJ)

VC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78$ 82#$ #C86@#2$ =;O=20/0207$ 070@31B0$

4LS7:$4=7=2/0@313$@0C20;01$N0C20;3"3$N87$N828/$B023$P20704$40N=2$OL7/#46#B87Q$

9;2#7U81$ 6013/310$ OL7#$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ N0J073$ M#$ #648$ O8N8$ 07.=$ #B82#1$

@P1=R2070$ =20J/04$ 0B310$ N87$ 6043/$ LC7#68/@#2$ #64812842#781$ 6013/201/0@3B37$

h'#8O#2=6>E$ [`_îQ$ I0>0$ 0R34$ 8e0B#;2#$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ >#B#e2#1#1$ N82O8$ M#$

N#"#782#781$ N#28728$ N87$ 8R#784$ M#$ N#28728$ N87$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ 40S@0/31B0$ LC7#1"82#7#$

40.01B3732/0@3$8R81$#1$=;O=1$LC7#68/$/#6P62073131$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$@:7#"8B87Q$

VC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 82O828$ 286#706:7B#E$ LC7#68/$ @8@6#/2#78$ 60@073/3E$

LC7#68/@#2$ O#28J687/#$ O8N8$ N87N872#78181$ 026$ 406#OP78@8$ ;0$ B0$ 60/0/20;3"32073$

P20704$ R#J8628$ J#4822#7B#$ 8e0B#$ #B82/#46#B87Q$ VC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ LC7#1/#K

LC7#6/#$ 824#2#78181E$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;02$ M#$ #64812842#781#$ BL1:J6:7:2/#@818$

@0C20;01$@8@6#/0684$N87$@:7#R687$hT/86>$M#$'0O01E$[``ìQ$VC7#68/$60@073/3131$

0/0"3E$ LC7#1/#;8$ B#@6#42#;#"#4$ 4PJ=22073$ 8R#7#1$ #64828$ N87$ @8@6#/$

P2=J6=7/04637Q$$

VC7#68/$P760/2073131$ 60@073/31B0$B84406$#B82/#@8$O#7#4#1$#1$L1#/28$

1P460$ #1$ #64828$ M#$ #1$ =;O=1$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78181$ 4=220132/0@3B37Q$ VC7#68/$

60@073/"3@3131$;0S/0@3$O#7#4#1$ 8JE$#1$=;O=1$M#$#1$#64828$LC7#1/#$6#P782#7818$

;PC=70704$LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 6#P78@8;2#$ 828J482#1B87/#4687Q$D@231B0$N=$ 848$40M70/$

;018$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 6#P78@8$ M#$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P78@8$ @3423420$ N87N872#78;2#$

4073J63732/0460B37Q$ VC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 6#P78@8E$ BPC7=B01$ LC7#68/$ /#6P62073;20$

0204023B37$ M#$ #C86/#181$ 1#$ ;0S63C3;20$ 82O82#1/#46#B87Q$ VC7#1/#$ 6#P78@8$ 8@#$

LC7#1/#$@:7#"8;2#$82O828B87$M#$LC7#1"8181$10@32$LC7#1B8C818$87B#2#/#46#B87Q$$

! ]

VC7#68/$ 60@073/2073131$>0.37201/0@31B0E$0468M86#2#781$N#2872#1/#@81B#$

N:;:4$ L1#/#$ @0>8S$ M#$ L.#22842#$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$ #C868/2#781$ 60@073/31B0$

6#/#2$023101$B0M7013JR3E$N828J@#2$M#$;0S3@02"3$P2/04$:.#7#$:R$6#/#2$LC7#1/#$

6#P78@8$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ (=$ 6#P782#781$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$ #C868/2#7B#$ 4=22013/$

02012073$0J0C3B0$#2#$0231/0460B37Q$

OPOPOP):;SG;DRTUR)&H>GJIHG)

I0M7013JR3$ 6#P782#7#$ OL7#$ LC7#1/#E$ =;073"320720$ B0M7013J207$ 070@31B0$

N87$ N0C$ 4=7/0$ @:7#"8B87Q$ -;073"320720$ B0M7013J207$ 070@31B0$ P2=J01$ N0C$

O:R2#1B8C8$ M#$ N87$ 023J401234$ >0281#$ O#2B8C8$ .0/01$ LC7#1/#$ P2=J/0460B37Q$

I0M7013JR32070$ OL7#$ 023J401234$ >0281#$ O#2/#;#1$ M#$ ;0S32/0;01$ B0M7013J207$

LC7#182/8J$@0;32/0.Q$(=$6#P78;#$OL7#$>#7>01O8$N87$>#B#e#$=20J32/0@3$ 8R81$BL76$

N#"#78181$ 07B3J34$ P20704$ 8J#$ 4PJ=2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=1207E$ 0;37B#6/#4E$

O#1#22#/#4E$N0C20163$4=7/04$M#$.81"87$#648@8$P2=J6=7/04637Q$I0M7013JR3$6#P78;#$

OL7#s$ ;0S0704$ LC7#1/#$ #@0@637$ M#$ N=$ 1#B#12#$ LC7#1"8$ LC7#1/#$ @:7#"81B#$

0468e$ P2/023B37s$ LC7#1/#B#$ S#48J687/#E$ 6#4707$ M#$ O:B:2#/#$ L1#/28B87$ M#$

B0M7013J207$N=$;P220$B#C8J87E$O#28J/#$@0C207$h'#8O#2=6>E$[`_îQ$

I0M7013JR3$ ;0420J3/31E$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$ #C868/2#7B#E$ LB:2E$ "#.0E$

6#S48E$ O#78$ N82B878/$ M#7/#$ ;L16#/2#78E$ @:7#428$ S70684$ ;0S0N82/#$ 8/4013E$ MNQ$

0468M86#2#7$070"323C3;20$4=220132B3C3$OL7ülmektedir. $

OPOPVP)0JIJTNHI)&H>GJIHG)

(828J@#2$ 6#P782#7#$ OL7#$ LC7#1/#$ N87#;@#2$ N87$ 0468M86#B87Q$ (87#;81$ ;#18$

O#2#1$ N87$ N82O8;8$ LC7#1#N82/#@8$ 8R81$ LC7#1/#$ 8J81#$ #6481$ P20704$ 40632/0@3$ M#$

4#1B8@81#$ @=1=201$ =;073"32073$ @#R/#@8E$ N=12073$ 4#1B8@8$ 8R81$ 0120/23$ >02#$

O#687/#@8$ M#$ #1$ =;O=1$ 6#S48;8$ :7#6/#@8$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ I3J073B01$ 023101$

=;07320731$ 02O3201/0@3E$ L1"#48$ N82O82#72#$ 407J320J63732/0@3E$ ;#18$ N82O82#781$

P2=J6=7=2/0@3E$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ N82O82#781$ N#22#C#$ B#SP201/0@3E$ >0637201/0@3$ 82#$

zihinsel ürünlerin kalite ve /01634$ ;L1:1B#1$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ N828J@#2$

e0028;#62#78$P2=J6=7/0460B37$h!7O:1E$FGGHiQ$

(828J@#2$ ;0420J3/31$ #1$ L1#/28$ 6#/@82"82#781B#1$ +#@6026$ 6#P78@;#12#78E$

02O3E$ 0120;3J$ M#$ 0120/31$ LC7#1/#$ 8R81$ L1#/818$ M=7O=20/3J$ M#$ N87#;8$ P20;2073$

! _

P7O018.#$ #B#N82#1E$ ;P7=/20;0N82#1$ M#$ 0120/$ M#7#N82#1$ 02O32073$ O:R2:$

P7O018./0207$ P20704$ 6013/20/3J637Q$ (=$ 6#P78;#$ OL7#$ 81@01207$ 1#@1#2#78$ N87$

N:6:1$ P20704$ ;0$ B0$ N:6:12:4$ 8R81B#$ 02O3207207Q$ V71#C81$ N87$ :RO#1$ J#4281#$

N0432B3C31B0$N=$:R$0;73$R8.O8$P20704$B#C82$N87$:RO#1$P20704$02O3201/0460B37$;0$

B0$ N87$ 1#@1#E$ @#@$ M#;0$ B=;O=1=1$ N87$ 43@/3$ M#782B8C81B#$ N#;81$ N=1=$ N:6:1#$

60/0/20/0;0$ R023J/0460B37Q$ +#@6026$ ;0420J3/31$ L1#$ @:7B:C:$ N87$ B8C#7$

40M70/$B0$q;0431234637rQ$&#@1#2#7$N87N8781#$;0431$N87$J#482B#$O7=S201B3420731B0$

bir bütün olarak alg3201/0460B37207Q$ (=$ ;0420J3/$ L.#22842#$ P4=/0E$ OL7@#2$

@0106207$ M#$ /:.846#$ =;O=20/0$ 02013$ N=2/0460B37Q$ q(#1.#7284r$ e046L7:$ B#$

+#@6026R320731$ L1#$ @:7B:C:$ 40M70/207B01$ N878B87$ M#$ LC7#68/$ 020131B0$ ;0;O31$

P20704$ 4=220132/0460B37Q$ (=$ ;0420J3/0$ OL7#$ N#1.#7$ e84872#7$ N872846#$ ;0$ B0$

N87N8781#$ N0C23$ N87$ J#482B#$ #2#$ 02313S$ B0>0$ @P170$ 407J36$ ;0$ B0$ 60/0/20;3"3$

e84872#72#$ /=40;#@#$ 8/4013$ @=1=2=7@0$ LC7#1/#$ 4P20;"0$ O#7R#42#J#"#4687$

h9P7701@E$[``ìQ$

VC7#1/#181$ 0120/0E$ B:J:1/#$ M#$ ;P7=/20/0$ O8N8$ NP;=6207313$

M=7O=20;01$ N828J@#2$ 6#P782#781$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$ #C868/2#7B#E$ 8R#784$ 0C0R2073E$

B#7@$ >#B#e2#78181$ @370201B3732/0@3E$ L1"#48$ N82O82#781$ >07#4#6#$ O#R8782B8C8E$

40M70/$ O#28J687/#;8$ @0C20;0"04$ ;0$ B0$ LC7#1"8;#$ N82O8;#$ =20J/0$ 8/4013$

M#7#"#4$ 0468M86#2#7E$ /P68M0@;P1$ 076373"3$ O70e84E$ 018/0@;P1$ M#$ @#@2#7E$ MNQ$

#64812842#7$070"323C3;20$4=220132B3C3$OL7:2/#46#B87Q$$

D2O3$M#$02O3131$LC7#1/#$:.#781B#48$#648@818$M=7O=20;01$+#@6026$6#P78@8$

8@#$ L.#22842#$ #4701$ 60@073/31B0$ P2B=4R0$ ;P2$ OL@6#78"8$ P2/0460B37Q$ %#482K60N01$

4P1670@63E$ N0@86284E$ ;0431234$ M#$@8/#678$O8N8$N0.3$02O3$ 4=7022073$m#N$@0;e02073131$

M#$ P1281#$ #C868/2#781$ 60@073/31B0$ ;0;O31$ P20704$ 4=220132/0460B37$ hDNN#;E$

FGGGiQ$

OPOPWP)1;XRN;IYR)&H>GJIHG)

50S3@02"3$ 6#P78;#$ OL7#$ N87#;2#7$ 4#1B8$ N82O8$ M#$ B0M7013J207313$

B#1#;8/2#78$ 070"323C3;20$ 4#1B82#78$ P2=J6=7=7207Q$ 50S3@02"323C31$ 6#/#22#78$

4#Je#B#7#4$LC7#1/#;#$B0;0137Q$$

$

! `

A7=@#$hFGGbiU=1$B0$N#287668C8$:.#7#$N=$6#P78;#$OL7#k$

K$(82O8E$B#1#;8/2#7$070"323C3;20$4=7=2=7$M#$J#4822#187E$

K$VC7#1"82#7$LC7#1/#$@:7#"81B#$0468e$7P2$M#$@P7=/2=2=4$02/023B37E$

K$VC7#1/#$N87$8JN8728C8$@:7#"8B87$M#$LC7#1"82#7$RP4$;L12:$N043J$$

$$$0R32073;20$4#1B8$40M70/207313$;070637207E$

K$VC7#1/#$01"04$O#7R#4R8$N87$P760/B0$O#7R#42#J#N8287E$

K$VC7#1"82#7$8R#784$M#$#64812842#7$070"323C3;20$4#1B8$;P2207313$@#R#72#7E$

K$)R#784$S07R02070$0;732/0B01$N87$N:6:1$P20704$@=1=2/023B37Q$

50S3@02"3$ ;0420J3/E$ N87RP4$ L.#228C8$ @0;#@81B#$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$

#C868/2#7#$ 4P20;"0$ =;072010N82/#46#B87Q$ 50S3@02"3$ ;0420J3/$ 4=2201320704$

LC7#1"82#7E$ 4#1B8$O70e842#7818E$m#N$@0;e0207313$;0$B0$4P1=;20$ 82O828$>#7>01O8$N87$

S7Pa#;8$:7#6#N8287s$ 6043/$R023J/0207310$;L12#1B8782#N8287s$ 4P1=2073$#KSP@60$;0$B0$

@P>N#6$ PB020731B0$ 60763J0N8287s$ @#@E$ M8B#P$ M#$ @0102$ P760/20720$ @8/:20@;P12=$

deneyler ya da benzeri aktiviteler yoluyla problem çözme becerilerini

O#28J687#7#4$O#7R#4R8$N87$P760/B0$LC7#1#N82872#7$hDNN#;E$FGGGiQ$$

OPVP)#QGHFJK)&;N;GRKR)(>MHIIHGJ)

VC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3131$ ;0$B0$N87$LC7#68/$

/06#7;028181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ 8R81$ 4=22013201$ ;P2$ OL@6#78"8$ 0J0/0207B37Q$ VC7#68/$

60@073/3$/PB#22#78$40M70/3E$LC7#68/$60@073/3$@:7#"8$ 8R#78@81B#$;#7$0201$6#/#2$

=1@=720731E$ @:7#R2#781$ M#$ N87N872#78;2#$ 828J482#78181$ OL7@#2$ P20704$ @=1=2/0@3$

J#4281B#$6013/201/0460B37$h?"+78eeE$FGG[iQ$$

VC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 4P1=@=1B0$ N=O:1#$ 40B07$ N87RP4$ /PB#2$ M#$ @:7#R$

O#28J68782/8J687Q$50S3201$N87$070J637/0;0$OL7#$LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$020131B0$\GU601$

e0.20$/PB#2$N=2=1/0460B37$hT0M#1;#$M#$B8C#72#78E$FGG[iQ$T8@6#/$B:.#;81B#48$

N=$/PB#22#781$ qLC7#68/@#2$ @8@6#/$ 60@073/3r$/PB#22#78$P20704$B0$0B201B3732B3C3$

OL7:2/#46#B87Q$ (=$/PB#22#7B#1$ N0.32073$ 407/0J34$ @:7#R2#78$ 8R#7874#1$ N0.32073$

8@#$ B0>0$ N0@86$ @:7#R2#78$ 40S@0/0460B37Q$Ancak genel olarak bütün modeller

q01028.rE$ q60@073/KO#28J687/#rE$ q=;O=20/0rE$ qB#C#72#1B87/#Kdüzeltme” ya da

q01028.rE$q@6706#a8rE$qB#C#72#1B87/#r$O8N8$N0.3$6#/#2$0J0/0207B01$P2=J/0460B37Q$

! [G$

Sonuçta bü6:1$ N=$ 0J0/0207$ N87N878;2#$ N0C2016323B37$ M#$ @:7#R$ 8R81B#$ P760/E$

>#B#e$4862#$M#$0/0R207$BPC7=26=@=1B0$B#C8J#N82/#46#B87Q$

!1$;0;O31$P20704$N8281#1$LC7#68/$60@073/3$/PB#22#78$070@31B0$I8"4$M#$

<07#;$ ?PB#28E$ DIIY!$ ?PB#28E$ A#/S$ ?PB#28$ M#$ DTT-'!$ ?PB#2818$ @0;/04$

/ümkündür h?"+78eeE$FGG[iQ$

I8"4$ M#$ <07#;$ ?PB#28E$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/31B0$ @8@6#/$ ;0420J3/313$

N#18/@#/8J687Q$ (=$ /PB#2B#$ 4=22013201$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ ;0420J3/3$ ;0.323/$

/:>#1B8@28C81B#$ 4=22013201$ ;0420J3/0$ B0$ N#1.#682/#46#B87Q$ %#482$ [Q[QuB#$ ;#7$

0201$ /PB#2B#E$ LC7#68/$ >#B#e2#78181$ 6013/201/0@3$ 82#$ N0J20;3S$ N:6:12#;8"8$

B#C#72#1B87/#$ 82#$ N86#1$ M#$ @:7#428$ 6#470720101$ N87$ @:7#R$ 8e0B#$ #B82/#46#B87Q$

?PB#2E$ >#7$ R#J86$ P760/$ hL7O:1$ LC7#68/E$ >8./#6$ 8R8$ #C868/i$ M#$ 4=22013"3;0$

h0"#/8E$6#"7:N#28i$=;O=2010N82/#@8$0R3@31B01$RP4$#2M#78J28B87$h';B#7E$FGGHiQ$$

$

6HZJI)OPO/):JYZ)SH).;GH<)&;N;GRK)(>MHIJ)

DIIY!$?PB#28$h%#482$[QFQiE$RP4$O#1#2$M#$N0@862#J68782/8J$N87$/PB#2$P2=S$

RPC=$LC7#68/$60@073/3$/PB#28181$ 6#/#2818$ 6#J482$#6/#46#B87Q$ )@/818$L1OL7B:C:$

@:7#R2#781$ N0J$ >07e2#781B#1$ 0201$ /PB#2$ @370@3;20$ 01028.E$ 60@073/E$ O#28J687/#E$

=;O=20/0$ M#$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 0J0/020731B01$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ D1028.$

0J0/0@31B0E$LC7#68/@#2$S7PN2#/$1#62#J6878287E$0/0R$M#$>#B#e2#7$P2=J6=7=2=7$M#$

LC7#1/#$ P760/3$ 82#$ LC7#1"8$ L.#22842#78$ 6013/20137Q$ 90@073/$ 0J0/0@31B0E$

Ölçme Biçimlendirici

Seçme,

Bütünleyici

Düzeltilmesi

! [[$

LC7#68/$ @6706#a82#78$ P2=J6=7=20704$ 4=2201320"04$ 070R20731$ @#R8/8$ ;0S3237Q$

+#28J687/#$ 0J0/0@31B0E$ 60@073/$ @:7#"81B#$ 023101$ 40707207$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$

/06#7;022#781$ :7#68/8$ O#7R#42#J6878287Q$ -;O=20/0$ @:7#"81B#E$ 824$ :7#68/$ >#B#e$

4862#$ :.#781B#$ 6#@6$ #B82#7#4$ :7:1$ @P1$ >0281#$ 40M=J6=7=2=7$ M#$ =;O=20/0;0$

N0J20137Q$ (=$ #@10B0$ LC7#1"8$ M#$ #C86/#12#7$ :7:1:1$ 4=22013/3$ 8R81$ #C868287Q$

I#C#72#1B87/#$@:7#"8E$N8R8/2#1B878"8$M#$N:6:12#;8"8$P2/04$:.#7#$848$0J0/0B01$

P2=J=7Q$ D1"04$ DIIY!$ ?PB#28E$ RP4$ @8@6#/0684E$ RP4$ BPC7=@02E$ >8R$ #@1#4$

P2/0;01$ M#$ =;O=20/0@3131$ .0/01$ 023"3$ P2B=C=$ ;L1:1B#$ #2#J68782#7$ B#$

02/0460B37$hA7=@#$FGGbiQ$$

)

6HZJI)OPV/)*::,!)(>MHIJ)

A#/S$ ?PB#281B#E$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/31B0$ 6:/#$ B0;023E$ N:6:1@#2$ N87$

;0420J3/$ N#18/@#1/#46#B87Q$ %#482$ [Q^QU6#$ B#$ OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#$ A#/S$

?PB#28181$ PM02$ ;0S3@3E$ 60@073/31$ BL1O:@#2$ BPC0@313$ M#$ @:7#42828C818$

;01@36/0460B37Q$ VC7#1"8$ L.#22842#78181$ 01028.8$ 82#$ N0J20;01$ 60@073/$ @:7#"8E$

LC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#78$ 82#$ S7PO70/$ 0/0R2073131$ N#2872#1/#@8E$ 8R#784$ M#$ 4P1=$

01028.8E$ LC7#68/$0468M86#2#78$ 82#$40;10420731$ hN82O8@0;07207E$ 4860S207E$ M@QiE$ B#@6#4$

>8./#62#781$ N#2872#1/#@8$ M#$ B0>0$ @P170$ N#2872#1#1$ >#B#e2#7#$ =20J323S$

=20J32/0B3C3131$ 6#@S86$ #B82/#@8$ 8R81$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 070R2073131$ O#28J68782/#@8$

O8N8$N87$LC7#1/#$P760/31B0$;#7$020N82#"#4$ 6:/$ e046L72#781$B84406#$0231B3C3$N87$

6043/$ 0J0/0207B01$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ T:7#428$ 6#470720101$ N87$ BPC0;0$ @0>8S$

P2/0420$ N872846#$ 60@073/$ B0$ @:7#428$ ;#182#1/#;#$ M#$ B:.#26/#;#$ 0R34637$

hY1@67="68P102$I#@8O1E$FGGHiQ$

! [F$

$

6HZJI)OPW/)4HKX)&;N;GRK)(>MHIJ)

TP1=R$ P20704$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3E$ @P1=$ P2/0;01$ N87$ 40707207$ B8.8@8B87Q$

90@073/31$ N0J31B0$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;028181$ O#1#28;2#$ 82O828$ B0>0$ :@6$ B:.#;$

4P1=207$ >04431B0$ 40707207$ 0231374#1E$ 82#72#B84R#$ /06#7;0281$ 026$ NP;=620731B048$

B#60;20720$ 82O828$ 0;0720/0207$ ;0S32/0460B37Q$ VC7#1/#181$ #64828$ M#$ 40286#28$ N87$

J#482B#$O#7R#42#J#N82/#@8$ 8R81$S20120/0131E$@8@6#/0684E$;#182842#7#$M#$;#18B#1$

B:.#12#/#2#7#$0R34$N87$J#482B#$;0S32/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

OPWP)!"#QGHFJK)&;N;GRKR)

(87$ #KLC7#68/$ S7PO70/3$ 60@07201374#1$ ;0S320N82#"#4$ #1$ L1#/28$ >060$

@=1=/=$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78181$ B#C82$ 6#41P2Pa8181$ ;L12#1B87/#@81#$ 8.81$

M#7/#4687Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ 0;1#1$ B8C#7$ #C868/$ ;L16#/2#781B#$ P2B=C=$ O8N8$ #1$

=;O=1$ LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78181$ @0S6010704$ #64828$ M#$ #6481$ LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$

P2=J6=7=2/0@310$B84406$#6/#4$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

(87$ #KLC7#68/$ S7PO70/3$ >0.37201374#1$ L1"#28428$ P20704$ 0/0R$ M#$

>#B#e2#781$ @0S601/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ VC7#1"82#7B#1$ N#42#1#12#7$

N#2872#1B846#1$ @P170$ N=$ BPC7=26=B0$ =;O=1$ P1281#$ 0468M86#2#7$ 60@07201/023B37Q$

V1"#48$NL2:/2#7B#$#2#$023101$:R$O#1#2$LC7#1/#$6#P78@8E$B0M7013JR3E$N828J@#2$M#$

!

! [^$

;0S3@02"3$;0420J3/207$P1281#$#C868/2#7B#$4=2201320N82#"#4$N87RP4$LC7#1/#$J#428$

M#$P760/3$8R81$P2B=4R0$;P2$OL@6#78"8B87Q$(=1207B01$L.#22842#$N828J@#2$M#$;0S3@02"3$

LC7#1/#$ 6#P782#78$ LC7#1"8$ 0468M86#2#78181$ 60@073/3$ 4P1=@=1B0E$ B0M7013JR3$

6#P782#78$LB:2E$"#.0E$6#S48E$O#78$N82B878/$M#7/#$4P1=20731B0E$+#@6026$6#P782#78$8@#$

#4701$60@073/3$4P1=@=1B0$4=2201/04$/:/kündür. $

!KLC7#68/$ S7PO70/2073131$ 60@073/3$ 0@231B0$ O#2#1#4@#2$ #C868/2#781$

60@073/31B01$ RP4$ e07423$ P20/0/0420$ N#70N#7$ Y16#71#6U81$ >#7$ 01$ O#28J#1$ M#$

B#C8J#1$BPC0@3$1#B#18;2#$N870.$B0>0$407/0J34$N87$60@073/$@:7#"8$O#7#4687B8C8$

@L;2#1#N82/#46#B87$h,023J401E$FGGFiQ$$

TP1=R60$ 0;1#1$ O#2#1#4@#2$ #C868/2#7B#$ P2B=C=$ O8N8E$ #64828$ M#$ 40286#28$

LC7#1/#$ P760/3131$ P2=J6=7=20N82/#@8$ 8R81$ =.04601$ #C868/8$ M#782#"#4$ B#7@2#781$

@8@6#/0684$ N87$ J#482B#E$ LC7#68/@#2$ 60@073/$ @:7#R2#781#$ =;O=1$ P20704$

>0.37201/0@3$J076637Q$

OPWPOP)4;GK;)&;N;GRK)(>MHIJ)

Önceki bölümlerde irdelenen DickK<07#;E$ DIIY!$ M#$ A#/S$ O8N8$

O#2#1#4@#2$ LC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ /PB#22#78$ B#7@$ 60@073/31B0$ P2B=4R0$ L1#/28$

0J0/02073$ M=7O=2=;P7$ P2@0207$ B0$ Y16#71#6U81$ @=1B=C=$ RP42=$ P760/B0$

O#7R#42#J68782#"#4$LC7#1/#$ 8R81$O#7#428$P201$N828J@#2$#@1#4284$1P460@31B0$N0.3$

#4@842842#78$N=2=1/0460B37Q$$

,P42=$ P760/31$ L.#22842#78$ 60@073/"3;0$ ;0213."0$ LC7#1/#$ 02012073131$

6013/201/0@3$ :.#781B#$ PB04201/0$ e37@063$ M#7/#46#$ M#$ >#7$ N87$ LC7#68/@#2$

0468M86#181$ 6013/20/0@313$ O#7#428$ 432/0/0460B37Q$ (=$ @0;#B#E$ #C868/$

8R#78@81B#48$ BP20J3/$ M#$ #78J8/$ 407072073$ LC7#1"8181$ 4#1B8@8$ 6070e31B01$

M#782/#46#$ M#$ LC7#1/#$ B0>0$ N87#;@#22#J68782/8JE$ B0>0$ #@1#4$ N87$ ;0S3B0$

O#7R#42#J/#46#B87$hX0@@#7818$M#$+701O#7E$FGGGiQ$$

Bu çerçevede, eKLC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ 8R81E$ >#/$ ;0S3@02"3$ LC7#68/$

6#P782#7818$ B84406#$ 0201$ >#/$ B#$ B0M7013JR3$ 6#P782#781$ 0J0/0$ 0J0/0$ LC7#68/$

O#28J687/#$ @:7#"818$ L.:/@#;#1$ 407/0$ N87$ 60@073/$ /PB#28$ O#28J68782/8J687Q$

X0@@#7818$M#$+701O#7$ 6070e31B01$O#28J68782#1$A07/0$90@073/$?PB#28181$0/0"3$

#@48$1#@82$LC7#68/$/#4018./02073$ 82#$ Y16#71#6$ 6#41P2Pa8@8181$O#687B8C8$ 8J$N8728C818$

! [b$

076373"3$ L.#22842#781$ N87$ 070B0$ 4=2201320704$ ;#18$ 1#@82$ N87$ 60@073/$ @:7#"8181$

P2=J6=7=2/0@3B37$hp81O#7E$FGG[iQ$

%#482$ [QbQU6#$ B#$OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#$A07/0$90@073/$?PB#28E$ LC7#1"8181$

6#7"8>2#78$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ @#7N#@6$ BP20J3/0$ M#$ LC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#78181$ @:7#428$

=;07201/0@310$ 8/401$ 6013;01$ 0/0$ O#2#1#4@#2$ 01028.E$ 60@073/E$ O#28J687/#E$

B#C#72#1B87/#$ M#$ ;:7:6/#$ 0J0/020731B01$ P2=J01$ BL1O:@#2$ N87$ @:7#"8$

L1OL7/#46#B87Q$ ?PB#2B#$ 0J0/0207$ 07B3J34$ P20704$ =;O=201/0460$ M#$ O#28J8/$

@:7#"8$ NP;=1"0$ N8R8/2#1B878"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 82#$ @:7#428$ OL.B#1$

geçirilmektedir. $

D1028.$ 0J0/0@31B0E$LC7#1/#$P760/3131$01028.8E$ LC7#68/@#2$ 01028.$ M#$

LC7#1"82#781$ N828J@#2E$ @P@;02E$ e8.84@#2$ M#$ 48J8@#2$ L.#22842#78181$ N#2872#1B8C8$ >#B#e$

4862#$ 01028.8$ ;0S32/0460B37Q$ 90@073/$ 0J0/0@31B0E$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ M#$ 4PJ=22070$

=;O=1$LC7#68/$@6706#a82#78$6#@S86$#B82/#46#$M#$8R#7842#$82O828$;0S320"04$R023J/0207$

BPC7=26=@=1B0$LC7#68/$/PB#22#78$@0S601/0460$M#$0468M86#2#7$S201201/0460B37Q$

+#28J687/#$0J0/0@31B0$LC7#68/$/06#7;022#78$N82O8@0;07$P760/310$0460732/0460E$

LC7#68/$ 0468M86#2#78$ .#1O812#J68782/#46#B87Q$ I#C#72#1B87/#$ 0J0/0@31B0$ 8@#$

LC7#68/$ /06#7;028$ O#7#4$ 60@073/$ O#7#4@#$ LC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#781#$ =20J/0$

0R320731B01$ 6#@6$ #B82/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 0J0/0$ @:7#R$ NP;=1"0$ @:7#428$

=;O=201/0460E$ 023101$ O#78$ N82B878/2#7#$ OL7#$ 8;82#J687/#2#7$ ;0S32/0460B37Q$

5:7:6/#$ 0J0/0@3$ 8@#$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;028181$ 18>08$ P20704$ =;O=201/0@3B37Q$ (=$

0J0/0B0E$ LC7#1"82#7$ 8R81$ =;O=1$ LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3E$ 6#4184$

B#@6#C81$ @0C201/0@3$ M#$ ;:7:6/#$ 0J0/0@31B0$P760;0$ R340N82#"#4$/028;#62#7#$

>0.3723423$P2=1/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

! [H$

$

6HZJI)OP[/)4;GK;)&;N;GRK)(>MHIJ)

$

$

$

!

Yürütme maliyeti

Biçimlendirici: Ön

Bütünleyici:

nci kontrolü seçenekleriDers Materyalinin Üretimi:

düzeltme

! [\$

OPWPVP)%>I)SH)7\GHS):;QRIRKR)

!KLC7#68/$ 60@073/3$ N87$ 6043/$ 8J8B87$ M#$ 6043/B0$ BPC7=$ S#7@P1#281$

8@68>B0/$ #B82/#@8$ S7Pa#181$ N0J073;20$ @P1=R201/0@3$ 8R81$ L1$ 4PJ=2B=7Q$ I8C#7$

L1#/28$ 1P460$ B0E$ BPC7=$ 48J82#72#$ R023J/0131$ ;013$ @370$ N=$ 48J82#781$ 8>68;0R$

B=;=2B=C=1B0$ =20J320N8287$ P2/02073B37Q$ 9043/0$ ;0123J$ S#7@P1#281$ 0231/0@3E$

#76#2#1/#2#7#E$ >0;02$ 43734234207310E$ 8R$ R063J/02070$ M#$ @P1=R$ P20704$

[email protected]$;P2$0R0N82/#46#B87Q$

9043/B0$ ;#7$ 020"04$ 48J82#7E$ S7Pa#181$ =.=12=C=E$ N:;:42:C:$ M#$ .P72=4$

B#7#"#@81#$N0C23$P20704$B#C8J84284$OL@6#7#N8287Q$V71#C81s$40S@0/23$N87$S7Pa#B#$

RP4$@0;3B0$M#$ e07423$ 186#2842#7#$@0>8S$48J82#781$R023J/0@3$O#7#4874#1$4:R:4$;0$

B0$ P760$ L2R#428$ N87$ S7Pa#$ B0>0$ 0.$ 48J8;2#E$ N87$ 48J8181$ e07423$ e07423$ 7P22#78$

:@62#1/#@8$ ;#6#728$ P20N82/#46#B87Q$ A3@0"0@3E$ 0;13$ 48J8181$ 8R#784$ =./013E$

LC7#68/$60@073/"3@3E$S7PO70/"3E$O70e84$60@073/"3@3E$S7Pa#$;L1#68"8@8E$MNQ$7P22#78$

6#4$N0J310$:@62#1B8C8$B=7=/207$P20N82/#46#B87Q$(=$B=7=/$P$48J8181$186#2842#78E$

S7Pa#;#$0;73201$N:6R#$;0$B0$S7Pa#;#$>0@$L.#2$4PJ=22070$N0C23$P20704$B#C8J84284$

gösterebilmektedir (X8@4=78">$M#$B8C#72#78E$FGGGiQ$$

A>01$hFGGbiU31$81@01KsüreçKürün dL1O:@:1B#1$P2=J01$X^$?PB#281B#$

h9>#$ X#PS2#KX7P"#@@KX7PB="6$ <P1681==/iE$ 60@073/$ @:7#"8$ L.#22842#$ R#J8628$

0J0/0207B0$ OL7#M$ 0201$ 48J82#7$ 6#/#2$ 02310704$ 4=7=2/=J6=7Q$ X^$?PB#28$ h%#482$

[QHQi$ O#1#2$ >062073;20E$ 8R#78C81$ O#28J68782/#@8$ M#$ 8R#78C81$ @=1=2/0@3$

0J0/020731B01$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ IL1O:@#2$ N87$ BPC0;0$ @0>8S$ P201$ N=$ @:7#RE$

S20120/0E$ 60@073/E$ O#28J687/#E$ B#C#72#1B87/#E$ =;O=20/0$ M#$ N043/$

0J0/0207313$ 40S@0/0460B37Q$ 9:/$N=$0J0/0207B0$L.#22842#$ M=7O=20101$1P460$

48J82#781$:@62#1B842#78$7P22#7$M#$OL7#M2#7B87Q$d#7$N87$0J0/0$8R81$e07423$6043/20731$

P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ L1OL7:2/:J6:7Q$ (=1207s$ S20120/0E$ 60@073/E$ :7#68/E$

B#C#72#1B87/#E$ @=1=/$ M#$ LC7#68/$ 6043/2073$ 82#$ LC7#1"8$ B#@6#4$ >8./#62#78E$

8B078$ >8./#62#7$ M#$ S0.0720/0$ 6043/3B37Q$ D@231B0$ OL7#M2#781$ RPC=$ N87N872#78;2#$

828J4828$M#$N87N872#781#$N0C23$P2B=C=1B01$7P22#7$.0/01$.0/01$R043J0N82/#46#B87Q$

(=$1#B#12#E$S7Pa#181$ N0J201O3"31B0E$O#7#4@818/2#7$ 40S@0/31B0E$BPC7=$N82O8E$

N#"#78$M#$6#"7:N#;#$@0>8S$48J82#781$>07/01201B3C3$6043/20731$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$M#$

6043/$ :;#2#78181$ OL7#M$ B0C323/3$ M#$ @P7=/2=2=42073$ >04431B0$ 0R34R0$

N82O82#1B8782/#@8$#@0@637Q$

! []$

$

6HZJI)OP]/)BW)^'DN;D"+_GHU"-G_D):\D`_N_a)(>MHIJ))

Bir projede üstlenilmesi gereken roller ve görevler Tablo 1.1’de

@=1=2/0460B37Q$ (=$ 7P22#7$ M#$ OL7#M2#7$ >#7$ S7Pa#181$ 40S@0/310$ M#$ 8>68;0R2070$

OL7#$ B#C8J84284$ OL@6#7#N82/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ N0>@8$ O#R#1$ 6:/$ 7P2$ M#$

OL7#M2#781$8@68>B0/$#B82/#@8$/#"N=78$B#C82B87Q$$

)

)

)

)

!!!!!!!!"!

-%-3)'3+*3) +-%!9)

! [_$

&*02?)OPOP)!"#$%!3(!:!)%?22!%)@!)7#%!@2!%)

Proje Yöneticisi Tüm e

Kurs içeriklerini yazar, varsa mevcut materyallerii

makale, kitap, video, müzik, animasyon, grafik, vb. materyaller için yasal izinleri almaktan soruml

Tüm e

Editör

Sistem Yöneticisiyönetir.

yönetir.

! [`$

'4'3.')0#2-()

!"#$%!&'(:!)*3*2'8)@!)&*+*%,()+-%!92!%')

VPOP)*D;IJb)+_GHYJ)

D1028.$ @:7#"8181$ 0/0"3E$ LC7#68/$ @8@6#/8181$ N0J07323$ N87$ J#482B#$

60@07201/0@313$M#$=;O=201/0@313$#6482#;#N82#"#4$O#7#4@818/2#781E$40;10420731$

M#$ @31372323420731$ N#2872#1/#@8B87Q$ 90@073/$ 0J0/0@310$ N0J20/0B01$ L1"#$

;0S320"04$ 01028.2#7$ 6:/$ @:7#"81$ @0C23423$ N87$ J#482B#$ ;0S3201B3732/0@3$ 8R81$ ;P2$

OL@6#78"8$M#$0;B312063"3$P20"04637Q$

Bu kapsamda analiz süreci, eKLC7#1/#$ @6706#a82#78181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$

82#$LC7#68/@#2$M#$>#B#e$4862#$01028.8$0J0/020731B01$P2=J/0460B37Q$

VPOPOP)!"#QGHDKH)+FG;FHcJNJDJD)?IdTFdGdIK;NR)

(87$ P1281#$ #C868/$ 60@07201374#1E$ 8J81$ 60/0/201/0@3E$ S7PO70/31$

N0J073;0$=20J/0@3E$=.=1$@:7#$#64828$4=22013/3131$@0C201/0@3$ 8R81$6:/$@:7#"81$

B#60;23$ P20704$ S201201B3C3$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$ @6706#a8@8181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ !KLC7#1/#181$ N0J073;0$ =20J/0@3$ 6#41P2Pa8$ ;0$ B0$ LC7#68/@#2$

60@073/31$ ;013$ @370$ L7O:6:1$ >#B#e2#78E$ 4:26:7:E$ 28B#7284$ N#"#782#78$ M#$ 8J$

O#7#4R#2#78;2#$B#$;0431B01$828J4828B87$h'P/[email protected]@48E$FGGbiQ$

D1"04E$ /#M"=6$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7PO70/2073131$ N87$ RPC=1B0$ 0R34$ M#$

ölçülebilir hedefler ile birN872#78;2#$ 828J4828$ @6706#a82#781$ #4@84$ P2B=C=$

gözlenmektedir. Halbuki, örgütlerin herhangi bir eKLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/0@310$

O#R/#B#1$ L1"#$ O#28J68782#"#4$ S7PO70/31$ 40.01B370"0C3$ B#C#72#78$ 0R34R0$

6013/20B3C3$ M#$ N#2O#2#B8C8$ N87$ @6706#a8;#$ @0>8S$ P2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$

@6706#a8$ 40S@0/31B0$ #1$ 0.31B01E$ #KLC7#1/#181$ L7O:6$ M#$ L7O:6:1$ 8>68;0R2073$

0R3@31B01$ 0120/3131$ P7604$ N87$ B82$ M#$ M8.;P120$ 6013/201/0@3E$ ;L1#68/@#2$

S7#1@8S2#7$ 82#$ L7O:66#$ LC7#1/#;8$ 6#JM84$ #B8"8$ B#@6#4$ M#$ 6#JM84$ SP2868402073131$

P760;0$4P1=2/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87$h'P@#1N#7OE$FGG[iQ$

! FG$

(87$ @6706#a8181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ 8R81$ 848$ 6#/#2$ L1$ 4PJ=2$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$

(=1207s$ N0J07/04$ 8@6#182#1$ B=7=/$ >04431B0$ ;#6#728$ N82O8$ N87848/81#$ @0>8S$

P2/04$ M#$ S20120/0;3$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3;20$ 82O8@8$ N=2=101$ 6:/$ 6070e207$ 8R81$

0120/23$N87$J#482B#$;0S3201B37/04637Q$$

!KLC7#1/#$ @6706#a8@8181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ 0J0C3B048$ e0;B02073$

@0C20;0"04637$hI#1O8.E$FGGbik$

K$+#28J68782#"#4$#C868/$S7PO70/3131$=;O=201/0@31B0$;P2$OL@6#78"8B87E$

K$X20120/0$0J0/0@31B048$M07@0;3/2073$BP4:/016#$#B#7E$

K Seçilen alternatiflerle$82O828$407072073$BP4:/016#$#B#7E$

K$T:7#R$8R81B#48$6070e207$070@31B048$82#68J8/#$;07B3/"3$P2=7E$

K$+#28J8/E$L2R:/$M#$4P167P2$8R81$6#/#2$6#J482$#B#7Q$

!KLC7#1/#$ @6706#a8@8$ P2=J6=7=74#1$ 8.2#1#"#4$ N0@0/04207$ JL;2#B87s$

S0;B0J20731$ N#2872#1/#@8E$ /#M"=6$ B=7=/$ 01028.8E$ 07.=20101$ B=7=/$ M#$

N#42#1682#781$6013/201/0@3E$M8.;P1$M#$/8@;P120731$N#2872#1/#@8E$TcW9$01028.8$

82#$#6481284$S2013131$P2=J6=7=2/0@3Q$

VPOPOPOP)B;<M;TI;GRD)0HIJGIHDKHNJ)

X0;B0J207E$S7Pa#;2#$828J48@8$P201$;0$B0$S7Pa#$#64812842#7818$P2=/2=$;0$B0$

P2=/@=.$ #6482#;#N82#1$ 48J8$ ;0$ B0$ L7O:62#7B87Q$ I8C#7$ N87$ 6013/20E$ #6481$ P20704$

S7Pa#;2#$828J48@8$P201$;0$B0$S7Pa#181$#6482#781B#1$L6:7:$BP20;23$82O8@8$N=2=101$48J8$

;0$ B0$ L7O:62#7B87Q$ X7Pa#;2#$ 82O8@8$ P201$ 48J8$ M#;0$ L7O:62#7$ S7Pa#;8$ ;L1#6#1$ O7=S$

6070e31B01$0R34$J#482B#$ 6013/201/023E$P120731$ 8>68;0R$M#$N#42#1682#78$=;O=1$N87$

N8R8/B#$S7Pa#;#$;01@3632/023B37$hI#1O8.E$FGGbiQ$$

(=$ 40S@0/B0$ #KLC7#1/#$ @6706#a8@818$ P2=J6=7=74#1$ L1"#2842#$

S0;B0J20731$ ;018$ @:7#R$ 8R81B#$ 48/2#781$ ;#7$ 020"0C3131$ @0S601/0@3$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ X0;B0J207E$ 8J81$ O#7#42#78$ M#$ 40S@0/310$ OL7#$ B#C8J84284$

OL@6#7#N82/#46#B87Q$ W20@3$ S0;B0J207$ 070@31B0$ #C868/$ P7O018.0@;P1=$ h#C868/$

;L1#68"82#78E$ S7PO70/$ O#28J6878"82#7E$ #C86/#12#7iE$ /:J6#782#7$ h406323/"3207E$

4=7=/207E$ @SP1@P7207i$ M#$ B8C#7$ :@6$ B:.#;$ ;L1#68"82#7$ 82#$ N828J8/$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$

L7O:62#78$h/:J6#78$;0$B0$6#B0784$#B8"8i$N=2=10N8287$h50.3"3E$FGGbiQ$$

! F[$

(=$ 0J0/0B0$ #1$ L1#/28$ 1P460207B01$ N878$ L.#22842#$ :@6$ ;L1#68/81$ 60/$

B#@6#C818$ 02/04637Q$ T0C2010"04$ 60/$ B#@6#4E$ 0;13$ .0/01B0$ S7Pa#181$ e8101@02$

0R3B01$B0$60/$0120/3;20$6#JM84$#B82/#@8$0120/310$O#2/#46#B87Q$

VPOPOPVP)(HSYdF):dGdK)*D;IJbJ)

?#M"=6$ B=7=/$01028.8;2#E$#KLC7#1/#$=;O=20/0207313$N0J2060N82/#$M#$

@:7B:7#N82/#$N#"#782#78$OL.B#1$O#R8782/8J$P20"04637Q$V1"#2842#$O#1#2$#C868/$M#$

O#28J687/#$ e0028;#62#781#$ N04320704$ #KLC7#1/#$ O878J8/81B#48$ L1"#2842#781$

@0S601/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

(=$ 0/0R$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ 'P@#1N#7O$ hFGG[iU#$ OL7#$ "#M0S201/0@3$

O#7#4#1$@P7=207B01$N0.32073$J=1207B37k$

K$)J2#7B#$B#C8J8/$M07$8@#$1#B#12#78$1#2#7B87$h6#41P2Pa8E$7#40N#6E$MNQit$

K$T#46L7B#E$#C868/$M#$O#28J8/$0468M86#2#78$10@32$02O32013;P7t$

K$A=7=/B048$#KLC7#1/#$=;O=20/02073131$B=7=/=$1#B87t$

K$A=7=/B048$6#41P2Pa84$026;0S3131$B=7=/=$h#78J8/$>3.3E$MNQi$1#B87t$

K$!KLC7#1/#$8R81$M#782#1$e8101@02$B#@6#4$>01O8$@#M8;#B#t$$

K Kurum içindeki eKLC7#1/#$N#"#782#78181$B=7=/=$1#B87t$

K$!KLC7#1/#$O878J8/2#78$10@32$4PP7B81#$#B828;P7t$

K$!KLC7#1/#$@6706#a82#78$8J$@6706#a82#781#$10@32$0B0S6#$#B828;P7$

K$!KLC7#1/#$=;O=20/020731B01$6:/$4=7=/$/=$;P4@0$N0.3$N878/2#7$/8$

e0;B02013;P7t$

VPOPOPWP)*GbdI;D;D):dGdK)SH)0HZIHDFJIHGJD)&;DRKI;DK;NR)

!KLC7#1/#$B#$B0>82$P2/04$:.#7#$6:/$#C868/$M#$O#28J8/$e0028;#62#78181$

1#7#B#$ M#$ 10@32$ P2/0@3131$ 8@6#1B8C8$ ;018$ 07.=20101$ B=7=/$ M#$ N#42#1682#781$

B#60;23$ P20704$ 6013/201/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=1=1$ 8R81$ 4=7=/=1$/8@;P1$ M#$

>#B#e2#78E$ O#2#"#46#48$ 8>68;0R207E$ S0;B0J207$ M# özellikle üst yönetimin

N#42#1682#781B#1$e0;B0201320N8287Q$$

(=$0/0R$BPC7=26=@=1B0E$4=7=/=1$/8@;P1$M#$0/0R2073E$8J81$O#2#"#C8E$

#C868/$M#$O#28J8/81$8J$40S@0/31B048$7P2:E$0;13$8J$020131B048$B8C#7$4=7=2=J20731$

! FF$

#C868/E$ O#28J8/$ M#$#KLC7#1/#$020131B0$1#2#7$ ;0S6342073$ M#$N=$0201B048$#1$ 8;8$

uygulamalar belirlenmeli özellikle de eKLC7#1/#181$4=7=/$0R3@31B01$/8@;P1=$

@0S601/023B37Q$

D7.=20101$ B=7=/=1$ 6013/201/0@3$ 0@231B0$ N87$ J#482B#$ O#2#"#C81$

L1OL7:2/#@818$B#$40S@0/0460B37Q$j8.;P1$6013/201374#1$O#2#"#46#48$N87$B=7=/$

@0148$ N=O:1/:J$ O8N8$ B:J:1:2:7Q$ j8.;P1E$ S#7eP7/01@$ ;0$ B0$ ;0S32012073$ B#C82$

N0J0732073$ 8e0B#$ #B#7Q$ j8.;P1E$ 40R$ 601#$ P1281#$ 4=7@=1$ ;0S32B3C3$ ;0$ B0$ >01O8$

6#41P2Pa82#781$ 4=220132B3C3;20$ B#C82E$ N=$ P1281#$ 4=7@20731$ S0;B0J207"0$ 10@32$

02O3201B3C3$M#$1#$40B07$B#C#7$OL7B:C:;2#$82O828B87$h'P@#1N#7OE$FGG[iQ$

j8.;P1$ N#2872#1B846#1$ @P170$ N=$ 0/0"3$ L.#62#;#"#4$ J#482B#$/8@;P1=1$

da belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Vizyonun aksine, misyonun daha öz, belirgin

M#$ O:R2:$ P2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ A3@0"0@3E$ /8@;P1$ 4=7=/=1$ L1OL7B:C:$

M8.;P1=$ O#7R#42#J687/#@8$ 8R81$ O86/#@8$ O#7#4#1$ ;L1:$ 8e0B#$ #6/#46#B87$

h'P@#1N#7OE$FGG[iQ$$

VPOPOP[P)+L?&)*D;IJbJ)

)1O828."#E$ T67#1O6>E$ c#041#@@E$ WSSP76=1868#@E$ 9>7#06@$ 4#28/#2#78181$

N0J$>07e2#781B#1$P2=J01$N=$RL.:/2#/#B#$N87$P20;31$O:R2:$M#$.0;3e$;012073$ 82#$

e37@06$ M#$ 6#>B862#7$ B#C#72#1B878287Q$ TcW9$ 01028.81B#$ 4=7=/=1$ O:R2:$ M#$ .0;3e$

;012073E$ e37@06207$ M#$ 6#>B862#78$ N#2872#/#4$ 0/0"3;20$ 4=7=/=1$ O#7#4$ J8/B848$

O#7#4$82#78B#48$P20@3$B=7=/=10$N043237$hI#1O8.E$FGGbiQ$$

TcW9$ 01028.8$ L7O:62#781E$ /#M"=6$ B=7=/207313$ 0R34R0$ OL7/#2#7818E$

40;10420731$B0>0$#64828$4=22013/3;20$.0;3e$;L12#78181$:@6#@81B#1$O#2/#2#7818$M#$

6#>B862#78$ #[email protected]#J687/#$ 8/4013$ N=2/0207313$ @0C207Q$ A3@0"0$ L7O:6:1$ 1#6$ N87$

N8R8/B#$ 7#@/8181$ R#482/#@81#$ ;07B3/"3$ P2=7Q$TcW9$01028.8$ L.#22842#$ L7O:6:1$

#KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/0@310$ >0.37$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C3131$ OL7:2/#@818$ @0C207$ h(82028@$

M#$B8C#72#78E$FGGFiQ$

$

$

! F^$

VPOPOP]P)!<IHK)BI;DRDRD)?IdTFdGdIK;NR)

!;2#/$S2013E$N:6:1$6046842#781$B#60;23$N87$J#482B#$6013/2010704$S7Pa#B#$

;#7$0201$>#74#@81$1#$;0S320"0C313$OL7/#@818$@0C207Q$(=$1#B#12#$S20131$;0.323$

N87$ /06#7;02$ >0281#$ O#68782/#@8$ M#$ N=1=1$ S0;B0J2070$ @=1=2/0@3$ N:;:4$ N87$

L1#/$60J3/0460B37Q$!;2#/$S2013s$L1#/28$N0.3$@6706#a84$N=2O=207$M#$L1#782#7E$N=$

L1#782#78$ O#7R#42#J687/#;#$ ;L1#284$ 6046842#7E$ N0J073;0$ OL6:7#"#4$ N0.3$ 478684$

e046L72#7E$ 8J$B0C323/$0C0"3E$L1#/28$ R#48$ 60J2073E$ #6482#1#"#4$ 8J$ 02012073E$X!'9$

hX7PO70/$ !M02=068P1$ 01B$ '#M8#m$ 9#">18n=#i$ R8.#2O#@8E$ 478684$ N0C20163207E$

40;104$ B:.#;2#/#E$ /028;#62#7E$ P20@3$ B#C8J8/$ ;L1#68/$ M#$ 82#68J8/$ S201313$

40S@07$hX8@4=78">$M#$B8C#72#78E$FGGGiQ$$

VPOPVP)#QGHFJKNHI)SH)eHMH=)4JFIH)*D;IJbJ)

VC7#68/@#2$ 01028.81$ 0/0"3E$ N87$ 4=7@=1$ /#M"=6$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 8/401207$

B0>8281B#$P1281#$P20704$@=1=2/0@3131$=;O=1$P2=S$P2/0B3C3131$ 81"#2#1/#@8B87Q$

(0.3$ 4P1=207$ P1281#$ @=1=/$ 8R81$ =;O=1$ P2/0;0N82/#46#$ ;0$ B0$ #C868/$

hedeflerine göre kurs$ @P1=1B0$ 40.01B3732/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N82O8$ M#$ N#"#782#7$

0R3@31B01$ e07423$ @=1=/$ N8R8/2#78$ @L.$ 4P1=@=$ P20N82/#46#B87Q$ V71#C81s$ N0.3$

20NP706=M07$B#7@2#78$;0$B0$@=1=/$6#41842#78$O8N8$BP4=10704E$>8@@#B#7#4$;0$B0$

OL.2#/2#;#7#4$ LC7#682/#@8$ M#$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ O#7#4#1$ 4P1=207$ P1281#$

@=1=/$8R81$=;O=1$B#C82B87Q$I8C#7$;01B01E$>#7>01O8$N87$;0N01"3$B82$4=7@=$;0$B0$

#4P1P/#6784$/PB#2$O#28J687/#$4=7@=$P1281#$@=1=/$8R81$=;O=1$P2/0420$N872846#$

e07423$ N82O8$ M#$ N#"#782#7$ 40.01B37320"0C3$ 8R81$ e07423$ LC7#68/$ 6#41842#78181$

4=220132/0@313$ O#7#4687/#46#B87Q$ V71#C81s$ 40M70/@02$ LC7#1/#$ 8R81$ N82O82#781$

B#72#1/#@8$ M#$ P7O018.0@;P1=10E$ N828J@#2$ N#"#782#7$ #B81B87/#4$ 8R81$ S7PN2#/$

RL./#$ M#$ 478684$ B:J:1/#;#E$S@84P/P6P7$ N#"#782#7$#B81B87/#4$ 8R81$S7068C#$ M#$

=;O=20/0;0$ B0;023$ R023J/02070E$ 6=6=/B0$ B#C8J8/$ @0C20/04$ 8R81$ 8@#$ 7P2$

P;10/0$ M#$ L71#4$ B=7=/$ R023J/0207310$ 0C37234$ M#7/#4$ O#7#4/#46#B87$

hX781"8S2#@$Pe$W1281#$I#@8O1E$FGGbiQ$

d#B#e$ 4862#$ 01028.8181$ 0/0"3E$ 4=7@8;#72#78$ M#$ P120731$ 8>68;0R207313$

0120/04$ 8R81$ ;0JE$ 4:26:7#2$ O#R/8JE$ 82O8$ M#$ #C868/$ @#M8;#2#7818E$ 4P1=$>04431B0$

N82O8$ B:.#;2#7818E$ 4=7@0$ 40632/0$ 0/0R207313E$ N82O8@0;07$ M#$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$

becerileri ile önceki eKLC7#1/#$B#1#;8/2#7818$@0S60/04637$hV.#1$M#$A070/01E$

! Fb$

FGGHiQ$(=$40S@0/B0$4=7@8;#72#781$90N2P$FQ[QUB#$;#7$0201$N0.3$N828J@#2E$@P@;02E$

e8.84@#2$M#$48J8@#2$L.#22842#78181$6013/201/0@3$RP4$e0;B023$P20"04637Q$

&*02?)VPOP)!"#$%!3(!:!):'44*&!)*2,3*.*4)#$%!3.')#8!22'42!%')

0JIJTNHI)#bHIIJZIHG) 4JTJIJZ)#bHIIJZIHGJ) +>N<;I)#bHIIJZIHG) fJbJZNHI)#bHIIJZIHG)

9#41P2Pa8$82#$82O828$O#1#2$6=6=/207$

(82O8@0;07$P760/23$R#M7#2#7B#$LC7#1/#$8@6#C8$M#$/P68M0@;P1=$

)JN8728C8$82#$82O828$6=6=/207$

Görsel yetisi$

)J2#M@#2$P4=7K;0.07234$ VC7#1/#$82#$82O828$6=6=/207$

)JN8728C8$;0S/0$M#;0$;073J/0;0$;L1#284$#C828/2#7$

)J86@#2$;#68@8$

Görsel okurK;0.07234$hL71#C81$O70e842#78$02O320/0$;#6#1#C8i$

9#41P2Pa8$82#$82O828$6=6=/207$

D4701$828J482#78$ IP4=1/0$;#68@8$

(82O8@0;07$P4=7K;0.0723C3$ ÖzKgüven$ TP@;PKekonomik statü$ 50J$

VC7#1/#$N8R8/2#78$ A0;O3$ !C868/$B:.#;8$ <81@8;#6$

Mevcut içerik bilgisi$ )101R$M#$B#C#72#7$ ?#@2#4$ $

Gürol, 2002, s.5

TP1=R$ P20704E$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ N:6:1$ N=$ N82O82#7$ BPC7=26=@=1B0E$ #C868/$

/06#7;028181E$>#B#e$4862#181$L.#22842#78E$O#R/8J$B#1#;8/2#78$M#$N82O8$B:.#;2#781#$

=;O=1$P20704$60@07201/0@3$/:/4:1$P20N82#"#4687Q$

VPOPWP)#QGHDKH)*K;U)SH)eHMH=IHGJDJD)*D;IJbJ)

VC7#68/$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#78E$ LC7#1/#KLC7#6/#$ @:7#"81#$ ;L1#284$ S#4$

RP4$ #648128C81$ S201201/0@3E$ O#28J68782/#@8E$ =;O=201/0@3$ M#$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$

için önemli bir ölçüt görevini görür ve bu faaliyetlere rehberlik yapar. Kursun

LC7#1/#$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#78$ @P1$ B#7#"#$ 0R34$ M#$ L2R:2#N8287$ N87$ J#482B#$

N#287682/#28B87Q$(=1207$ 0;73"0E$ P1281#$4=7@$ 8R#78C81B#$ ;#7$ 02/023$ M#$4=7@8;#72#7#$

824$O:1B#1$0R32/023B37$h+:2107E$FGGîQ$

DR34$ M#$ 1#6$ N87$ N8R8/B#$ N#287682#1$ LC7#68/$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#78181$

#C86/#1$ M#$ 4=7@8;#72#7#$ @0C20B3C3$ e0;B0207$ J=1207B37$ hX781"8S2#@$ Pe$ W1281#$

I#@8O1E$FGGbik$

!C86/#1#s$ K$A=7@$8R#78C8181$M#$;0S3@3131$@#R8/8E$

$ K$!C868/$@6706#a82#78$82#$0468M86#2#781$S201201/0@3E$

$ K$I#C#72#1B87/#$;L16#/2#78181$@#R82/#@8E$

! FH$

$ K$VC7#1/#$>#B#e2#78181$1#62#J/#@8$4P1=20731B0$;P2$OL@6#787Q$

A=7@8;#72#7#s$$K$A=7@$>04431B048$4#1B8$N#42#1682#78E$

$ K$A#1B82#781B#1$1#2#781$LC7#182/#@8181$N#42#1B8C8E$

$ K$&#$;0S/0420$;:4:/2:$P2B=42073E$

$ K$&0@32$B#C#72#1B8782#"#42#78$4P1=20731B0$N82O8$M#787Q$

VPVP)&;N;GRK)+_GHYJ)

9#41P2Pa8181$ SP601@8;#2$ 8/40120731B01$ N87$ B#C#7$ P760;0$ R3407601$

60@073/31$ 4#1B8@8B87Q$ 90@073/31$ 40286#@8E$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/818E$ @343"3$ ;0$ B0$

#C2#1"#28E$ ;P7="=$ ;0$ B0$ #1#7a8$ M#78"8E$ 0120/23$ ;0$ B0$ 0120/@3.$ >02#$

O#687#N82/#46#B87Q$ !KLC7#1/#181$ @=1B=C=$ RP42=P760/E$ 60@073/"32070$ O#7#4$

0768@684$O#7#4$;#18284$0R3@31B01$RP4$O#18J$N87$;#2S0.#B#$60@073/$;0S/0$8/4013$

6013/0460B37Q$(=70B048$L1#/28$1P460E$#C868/81$L1"#2842#781B#1$=.0420J/0B01$

6#41P2Pa8;8$4=22010704$N87$e074$;07060N82/#4687Q$

(=$R#7R#M#B#E$60@073/$@:7#"81B#E$L1"#B#1$;0S3201$L7O:6@#2$M#$>#B#e$

4862#$ 01028.2#78$ 3J3C31B0E$/#M"=6$ 4PJ=220720$=;=/2=$N0.3$ 6#/#2$B#7@$O#28J687/#$

;0420J3/2073$@0S6010704$R#J8628$LC7#68/@#2$@6706#a82#7$82#$0468M86#2#781$S20120/0@3$

;0S32/0460B37Q$

VPVPOP):HGN)7HIJTFJGKH)1;ZI;TRKI;GRDRD)0HIJGIHDKHNJ)

c#N$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$ 070"323C3;20$ N87N8781B#1$ e07423$ LC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/2#78181$;0J06320"0C3$>#7$N878$e07423$B=7=/2070$=;O=1$N87RP4$B#C8J84$B#7@$

;0S3@3131$ O#28J68782/#@8$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ (=1=1$ 8R81$ L1"#28428$ P20704$ N0.3$ 6#/#2$

B#7@$ O#28J687/#$ ;0420J3/2073131$ N#2872#1/#@8$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (0.3$

;0420J3/207B0$ 60@073/"3$ B0>0$ L.O:7$ P20N82874#1$ N0.320731B0$ 8@#$ N#42#1682#7E$

/#M"=6$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 026;0S3$ M#$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ O8N8$ #64#12#78$ OL.$ L1:1B#$

N=2=1B=7/04$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$(=$40S@0/B0E$#KLC7#1/#$S7PO70/3131$;0S3@313E$

BPC0@313$ P2=J6=7/04$ 8R81$ 0231/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ 60@073/$ 407072073$

N=2=1/0460B37Q$

$

! F\$

VPVPOPOP)!QJFKHD)g)#QGHDYJ)1\DHFJKJDMH):HGN)1;ZI;TRKR)

I3J$ e046L72#7$ 1#$ P2=7@0$ P2@=1$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7PO70/3$ O#28J687874#1$

60@073/"3131$824$M#$#1$L1#/28$OL7#M2#781B#1$N878$#C86/#1$M#$LC7#1"8181$7P22#7818$

N#2872#/#4687Q$I8C#7$N87$B#;8J2#$B#7@81$#C86/#1K;L1#68/81B#$/8$;P4@0$LC7#1"8K

;L1#68/81B#$ /8$ P20"0C3131$ @0S601/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (0.3$ 4=7@207B0$

#C86/#1$ 8.2#1#"#4$ ;P2=$ N#2872#;#7#4$ LC7#1"8181$ >3.313$ 0;0720/0460$ N0.3$

4=7@207B0$8@#$LC7#1"82#7$4#1B8$LC7#1/#$>3.207310$OL7#$LC7#1/#$0468M86#2#78181$

;L1:1:E$ >3.313$ N#2872#/#46#B87Q$ T026$ LC7#1"8$ ;0$ B0$ #C86/#1$ ;L1#68/81B#48$

;0420J3/20731$ #648@8.$ P2B=C=$ B=7=/207B0$ 8@#$ 026#71068e$ ;L16#/2#781$ B#$

4=220132/0@3$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ (=$ 848$ =R60$ ;#7$ 0201$ ;0420J3/$ %#482$ FQ[QUB#$

OL@6#782B8C8$:.#7#$RP4$O#18J$N87$;#2S0.#;8$40S@0/0460$M#$60@073/"32070$R#J8628$

@#R#1#42#7$@=1/0460B37Q$$

$

6HZJI)VPO/)!QJFKHD)SH)#QGHDYJ)1\DHFJKIJ):HGN)1;ZI;TRKR))

!C86/#1$ ;L1#68/81B#48$ B#7@$ ;0420J3/31B0s$ #C86/#1E$ N87$ @P7=1$

R3463C31B0$;0$B0$N87$@P7=$@P7=2B=C=1B0$0131B0$"#M0S$M#7#N82/#46#E$/:B0>02#$

#B#N82/#46#E$ N0.3$ LC7#1"82#781$ /P68M#$ P2/04$ 8R81$ 8>68;0R$ B=;B=C=$ P6P786#;8$

@0C20;0N82/#46#E$ B#7@81$ O8B8J06313$ 406323/"3$ O7=N=1$ 8>68;0R207310$ OL7#$

0;0720;0N82/#46#E$ P6P/0684$ S=0120/0$ B3J31B0$ LC7#1"82#781$ 0468M86#$ M#$

6#@62#7B#48$ N0J073207313$ OL.2#/2#;#7#4$ B#C#72#1B87#N82/#46#E$ LC7#1"82#72#$

#/S068$ 4=70704E$ B=;O=$ M#$ B:J:1"#2#7818$ S0;20J0704E$ LC7#1"82#78$ ;L12#1B878S$

6#JM84$#B#N82/#46#B87$h!">8/PeE$FGGGiQ$$

! F]$

VC7#1"8$ ;L1#68/81B#48$ B#7@$ ;0420J3/31B0$ 8@#$ LC7#1"8E$ >#7>01O8$ N87$

#C86/#181$ S7PO70/310E$ B#7@$ 604M8/81#$ N0C23$ 402/0B01E$ BPC7=B01$ OL.#68/$

02631B0$P2/0B01E$L.O:7"#$R023J/0$e37@063$N=20N82/#46#B87Q$D;73"0$N87$#C86/#181$

M0723C3$ #C868/81$/028;#6818$ 076373"3$ N87$ e046L7$ P2B=C=1B01$/028;#66#$ 0.02/0$ B0$

söz konusu olmaktad37Q$$

TP1=R$ P20704$ >#7$ 848$ ;0420J3/31$ B0$ 0M0160a2073$ M07B37Q$D1"04E$ #C868/$

60@073/"3@3$ @026$ #C86/#1$ ;0$ B0$ @026$ LC7#1"8$ ;L1#68/28$ N87$ ;0420J3/$ @#R/#42#$

43@36201/0/3J$ P2=S$ N=$ 848$ =R$ ;0420J3/$ 070@31B048$ R#J8628$ 026#71068e2#78$ B#$

kullanmakta özgürdür. $

VPVPOPVP)+HDZG>D)g)*NHDZG>D):HGN)1;ZI;TRKR)

(87$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7PO70/3$ O#28J687874#1$ 60@073/"3131$ 40707$ M#7/#@8$

O#7#4#1$ ;0420J3/207B01$ N87$ B8C#78$ B#$ >01O8$ 82#68J8/$ 824#@8181$ 4=2201320"0C3B37Q$

!C868/$S7PO70/313$@#147P1$;018$#J$.0/0123$ f$.0/01$N0C3/23$;0$B0$0@#147P1$

;018$ .0/01$ N0C3/@3.$ P20704$ @=1/04$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ (=$ @#R8/$ 0@231B0$

6#41P2Pa84$026;0S3;20$B0$;0431B01$82O828B87Q$$

!KSP@60E$.8;07#6R8$B#e6#72#78E$ eP7=/207$M#$>0N#7$O7=S2073$O8N8$0@#147P1$

82#68J8/$ N8R8/2#781B#$ #C86/#1$ M#$ LC7#1"8181E$ #C868/8$ M#$LC7#1/#$0468M86#2#7818$

O#7R#42#J687/#4$ 8R81$ N#28728$ N87$ .0/01B0$ N82O8@0;072073131$ N0J310$ P6=7/02073$

O#7#4/#/#46#$ 0/0$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 8/401207B01$ B0$ BP20;23$ P20704$

e0;B020132/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#$0@#147P1$ 82#68J8/$N8R8/81B#$LC7#1"82#7$=;O=1$

P2B=420731B0E$ 1#$ .0/01$ M#$ 1#7#B#$ 8@6#72#7@#$ #C868/8$ 020N82/#46#E$ 8@6#B842#78$

.0/01$ N87$ P6=7=/0E$ eP7=/0$ M#;0$ 60763J/0;0$ B0>82$ P20N82/#46#$ M#$ 4#1B8$

OL7:J2#7818$ #KSP@60$ 070"323C3;20$ 82#6#N82/#46#B872#7Q$ A3@0"0@3$ 0@#147P1$

82#68J8/B#$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/8$ 60/0/8;2#$ LC7#1"8181$ 4P167P2:1B#$ P2=S$

LC7#1"82#781$e84872#7818$;01@36/02073$8R81$B0>0$RP4$.0/012073$N=2=1/0460B37Q$(=$

1#B#12#E$ 0@#147P1$ 82#68J8/2#$ LC7#1"82#7#$ 478684$ B:J:1/#$ @8@6#/8181$

N#18/@#682/#@8$/:/4:1B:7$h*80m$M#$d=01OE$FGGGiQ$D@#147P1$B#7@$O#28J687/#$

;0420J3/3131E$ Y16#71#6$ N0C20163@3$ O:M#18287$ P2/0;01E$ B:J:4$ N016$ O#18J28C81#$

@0>8S$;#72#7B#$4=220132/0@3$=;O=1B=7Q$I8C#7$;01B01$B0$@026$0@#147P1$82#68J8/E$

#C86/#12#$01"04$07023423$;0$B0$#76#2#/#28$ 82#68J8/8$/:/4:1$432/0@3$1#B#18;2#$

@0B#"#$4860SKB#e6#7#$N0C23$#C868/2#7#$N#1.#/#$78@48$B#$60J3/0460B37Q$

! F_$

W1281#$ 4P1e#701@207E$ #2#467P184$ P760/B0$ @P>N#62#7$ O8N8$ @#147P1$

82#68J8/$N8R8/2#781B#$ 8@#$#C86/#1$M#$LC7#1"82#781$;018$ 82#68J8/$8R81B#48$48J82#781$

0;13$ e8.84@#2$ /#401B0$ N=2=1/0207310$ O#7#4$ P2/[email protected]$ 0;13$ .0/01B0$

N82O8@0;07$ N0J31B0$ #C868/#$ N0C23$ P2/02073$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ T#147P1$ 82#68J8/B#$

LC7#1"82#7$ @0B#"#$ N87$ m#N$ @=1="=@=$ 070"323C3;20$ #6482#J8/$ 4=70N82/#46#B87Q$

D1"04E$ @#147P1$ 82#68J8/$ 4=7=2=74#1$ 82#68J8/81$ B810/84E$ N0J07323$ P20N82/#@8$ M#$

P20@3$N87$40P@=1$#1O#22#1/#@8$ 8R81$N0.3$L14PJ=22073$M07B37Q$V71#C81E$406323/"3$

@0;3@3131$ 0.$ P2/0@3E$ LC7#1"82#781$ 82O8$ 02012073$ M#$ 8R81B#$ N=2=1B=42073$ .0/01$

B828/2#78181$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$ M#$ 60763J/02070$ #J86$ P701B0$ 406323/31$

@0C201/0@310$B84406$#B82/#@8$O#7#4/#46#B87$hX022Pee$M#$X7066E$[``ìQ$

TP1=R$P20704E$#C868/$S7PO70/20731B0$@#147P1$;0$B0$0@#147P1$82#68J8/$

N8R8/2#781B#1$ @0B#"#$ N87818$ 4=2201/04$ O8N8$ N87$ .P7=12=2=4$ P2/0;3S$ >#7$ 848$

6:7B#48$0468M86#2#7B#1$B#$4=2201320704$#C868/$B#1#;8/8181$.#1O812#J68782/#@8$M#$

LC7#1"82#7#$e07423$LC7#1/#$B#1#;8/2#78181$;0J0632/0@3$/:/4:1B:7Q$

VPVPOPWP)+RDR=)0_<_ZI_Q_)g)4;X;NJFHNJ)

(87$P1281#$#C868/B#48$@313e$40M70/3E$0;13$.0/01$R8.#2O#@81#$OL7#$0;13$

/06#7;02B#1$ #C868/$0201$ 48J82#78$ 8e0B#$ #6/#46#B87Q$+#2#1#4@#2$ @313e$ #C868/8181$

6#7@81#E$ P1281#$ #C868/81$ @313e$ 40S0@86#@8$ e8.84@#2$ 4PJ=2207$ R#7R#M#@81B#$ B#C82$

4=7@$ 60@073/"3@3131$ 407072073$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ N#2872#187Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ P1281#$

#C868/2#7B#$ ;:.2#7"#$ 48J8284$ N87$ @313e$ P2=J6=7/04$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ D1"04E$ N:;:4$

@313e207$>#7$1#$40B07$#4P1P/84$P2@0$B0E$@313e$N:;:B:4R#$>#7$N87$48J8;#$O#7#428$

ilgiyi göstermek mümkün olmayab82/#46#B87Q$<0123$@P>N#6$P760/2073E$eP7=/207$

;0$ B0$ 8JN8728C81#$ B0;023$ N87$ 6043/$ #J$ .0/0123$ 0468M86#2#7$ ;0S320"04@0$ B0>0$

4:R:4$ O7=S20720$ R023J/04$ RP4$ B0>0$ #64828$ P2/0460B37Q$ IPC02$ P20704E$ @313e$

N:;:42:C:1:1$8J$N8728C8$M#$#6482#J8/$@#M8;#@8$:.#781B#48$#6482#78$0468M86#2#781$M#$

B8C#7$ 4=7@$/06#7;022#78181$ 60@073/313$;L12#1B87/#46#B87$ h(#201O#7$M#$vP7B01E$

FGGGiQ$

(:;:4$ @313e207E$ B0>0$#4P1P/84687E$ B0>0$ 43@0$ .0/01B0$ B0>0$ RP4$ 48J8$

#C868287$ M#$ #6482#J8/B#$ N=2=10"04$ B0>0$ e0.20$ @313e$ 0740B0J3$ M07B37Q$ A:R:4$

@313e207B0E$ #C86/#1$ LC7#1"82#72#$ B0>0$ ;0431B01$ 82O82#1#N8287E$ 6:/$ @313e31$ 0;13$

01B0$ 40632B3C3$ 0468M86#2#7$ B0>0$ S70684687E$ B#7@2#7$ B0>0$ @34$ B:.#12#1#N8287Q$ 9#4$

! F`$

N87$ @313e31$ P2B=C=$ B=7=/207B0$ 8@#E$ LC7#1"8$ N87$ #C86/#1$ ;0$ B0$ ;L12#1B878"8$

6070e31B01$L.#2$B#@6#4$020N8287E$N87$@313e31$0R32/0@313$N#42#/#;#$O#7#4$;P46=7E$

LC7#1/#$P20;3$60/0/8;2#$48J8;#$L.#2$P20704$O#7R#42#J87Q$

TP1=R$P20704$ @313e$ N:;:42:C:1#$40707$ M#7874#1$ 60@073/"3131E$/#M"=6$

N:6R#;8E$ P$ 4P1=B048$ #C868/$ 8>68;0"3131$ @3423C313E$ N#42#1682#78E$ LC7#1"82#72#$ 6#4$

6#4$ 82O82#1/#4$ O#7#48S$ O#7#4/#B8C818$ M#$ /#M"=6$ #C86/#1$ @0;3@313$ B84406#$

02/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

VPVPOP[P)4dGNJ<HGIHGJD)!QJFJKH)5I;TRKR)

(87$4=7@=1$N0J073@3E$48J82#781$#C868/#$1#7#B#1E$10@32$M#$>01O8$P760/B0$

=20J0"04207310$ N0C23B37Q$ !C868/$ 60@07201374#1$ LC7#1"82#781$ tümünün özel

BP1013/23E$ ;:4@#4$ 6#41P2Pa8;#$ @0>8SE$ @#@@8.E$ @0481$ N87$ P760/B01$ ;0$ B0$

LC7#1/#$ /#74#.2#781B#1$ #C868/#$ N0C2010"04207313$ B:J:1/#4$ N:;:4$

[email protected]$ ;P2$ 0R0N8287Q$ ,:14:$ O#7R#4$ B=7=/$ RPC=12=420$ B0>0$ e07423$

P20N82/#46#$ M#$ 48J82#7$ B0>0$ RP4$ 8J$ P760/20731B01E$ #M2#781B#48$ B:J:4$ N0C20163$

>3.310$ @0>8S$ N82O8@0;07207B01$ ;0$ B0$N0.3$ O:7:26:2:$P760/207B01$N=$#C868/2#7#$

N0C201/0460B37207Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7$ O#28J68782874#1E$ 4=2201320"04$

6#41P2Pa82#7E$ #6482#J8/$ @#M8;#@8$ M#$ 0468M86#2#7E$ N=$ e046L72#7$ B84406#$ 02310704$

;0S3201B3732/023B37Q$$

&*02?)VPVP)!$'&'('3)*2,3*.*$,)?%&*(*)0*$2,)+,3,%2,2,42*%)

!QJFJKJD)*IRD;Y;QR)1HG))#bHIIJZIHG)

?=JN) #QGHDKH)(HGZHbJ) !S) +H<;E;F)

4HNJDFJ<H)dQG;K;A)HQJFJKMHD)

;IRZ>DdIK;)

Yüksek$ I:J:4$ Yüksek$ W760$

&HZDJZ)Z;X;NJFH) W760$ Yük@#4$ W760$ I:J:4$

'TFHD)db;Z)Z;IRD;Y;Z)b;K;D) ?818/=/$ Yüksek$ ?818/=/$ ?818/=/$

&HZDJZ)MHNFHQJD)KHSYdMJ<HFJ) );8$ Çok iyi$ o0;3e$ Hiç yok$

!C868/81$ 02310"0C3$ P760/0$ OL7#$ P760;0$ R340N82#"#4$ @313723234207$ 90N2P$

2.2.’de sunulmakta olup bu konuda t0@073/$ 0J0/0@31B0$ B84406$ #B82/#@8$

O#7#4#1$>=@=@207$J=1207B37k$

! ^G$

?=JN/$ !KLC7#1/#181$ #1$ RP4$ :@6:1B#$ B=7=201$ 0M0160a20731B01$ N878$

R023J0120731$ Pe8@2#781B#1$ #C868/8$ 020N82#"#4$ P2/02073B37Q$ ,023J0120731$ 8J$

;#72#781B#1$ 0;732/0B01$ #C868/$ 020N828;P7$ P2/02073$ >#7$ 1#$ 40B07$ P2=/2=$ N87$

B=7=/$ P2@0$ B0$ 90N2P$ FQFQUB#$ B#$ OL7:2B:C:$ O8N8$ N0.3$ P2=/@=.$ ;012073$ B0$

N=2=1/0460B37Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#$ 8J$ P760/31B0$ 02310"04$ N87$ #C868/$ O#28J687874#1$

LC7#1"82#781$ 6#2#eP1$OL7:J/#2#78E$ 8J$OL7:J/#2#78E$ 8J$;PC=12=C=$M#$O:7:26:$O8N8$

#C868/#$ 070$ M#7/#2#781#$ 1#B#1$ P20"04$ 4#@81682#7B#1$ @P170$ B0$ #C868/#$ 6#4707$

;PC=120J/0207313$ @0C20;0N82/#2#78$ 8R81$ 4=7@=1E$ 43@0$ M#$ L.$ /PB:22#7$ >0281B#$

:7#682/#@81B#$e0;B0$M07B37Q$

#QGHDKH) (HGZHbJ/$ VC7#1/#$ /#74#.2#78E$ R023J012070E$ 8J$

P760/20731B048$ O:7:26:$ M#$ 4#@81682#7$ ;0$B0$48J8@#2$N82O8@0;0720731B048$ ;0M0J234E$

N0C20163B0$ 04@0/0$ O8N8$ @P7=1207$ P2/[email protected]$ L.#22842#$ #KLC7#1/#$ 0/0"3;20$

4=7=2/=JE$ >3.23$ 0C$ N0C20163207310$ @0>8S$ N87$ 6043/$ N82O8@0;07207B01$ P2=J01$

B#7@2842#7B#1$ #C868/#$ =20J/0$ 8/4013$ 6013/0460B37Q$ D;73"0$ N0.3$ LC7#1/#$

/#74#.2#781B#$N=2=1B=7=201$ 6#418@;#1$;0$B0$B#@6#4$S#7@P1#2$ 82#$LC7#1"82#781$

@P7=12073$B0$0131B0$RL.:/#$=20J0N82/#46#B87Q$D1"04$LC7#1/#$/#74#.2#78181$

N:6:1$ P2=/2=$ ;01207310$ 70C/#1$ N0.3$ P2=/@=.2=42073$ B0$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$

V71#C81s$ LC7#1/#E$ LC7#182#12#781$ =;O=2010"0C3$ 0201$ B3J31B0$

O#7R#42#J/#46#B87E$ R023J0120731$ #C868/8$ 02/02073$ 8R81$ 8J$ P760/20731B01$

R34/02073$ M#$ 8J$ S7PO70/207313$ RP4$ 8;8$ S20120/02073$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ D;73"0E$

LC7#1/#$/#74#.2#78181$4=7=2=/$M#$8B07#@8181$/028;#68$;:4@#4$P20N82/#46#E$6#4$

N87$ 8B078$N810B0$B#C82$0;73$0;73$N810207B0$e0028;#6$OL@6#7#1$4=7=2=J207B0$N87B#1$

e0.20$LC7#1/#$/#74#.8181$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$O#7#4#N82/#46#$M#$N=$/#74#.2#7$RP4$

@#;0>06$#B#1$R023J01207$6070e31B01$e0.20$4=2201320/0/0460B37Q$$

!S/$ ,PC=$ R023J01$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7#$ O#1#22842#$ 04J0/2073$ ;0$ B0$ >0e60$

@P12073$ #M2#781B#1$ N0C201/0460B37207Q$ (0.3$ P2=/2=$ ;012073131$ ;013$ @370$ #M$

P760/31B0$B0$8J$P760/31B048$O8N8$N0.3$B3J$e046L72#7B#1$h082#E$RP"=4E$MNQi$BP20;3$

4#@81682#7$ P20N82/#46#$ ;0$ B0$ Y16#71#6$ N0C20163$ >3.2073$ B:J:4$ P20N82/#46#$ M#$

6#4184$ ;07B3/$ 8/4013$/:/4:1$P2/0/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#72#$#MB#1$02310"04$

N87$ #C868/$ O#28J68782874#1s$ 6#41P2Pa84$ O#7#4282842#7$ 0.02632/023$ M#$ B0>0$ >3.23$

;:42#/#;8$@0C20/04$ 8R81$@0;e0$@0;3@3131$0.$P2/0@310$B84406$#B82/#28$M#$N0.3$

SP601@8;#2$O:M#1284$@P7=12073;20$10@32$N0J#B82#"#C8$S201201/023B37Q$

! ^[$

+H<;E;F/$ +:1:/:.B#$ N87$ RP4$ R023J01$ 8J2#78$ O#7#C8$ @34$ @34$ @#;0>06#$

R34/0460$ M#$ #C868/2#7818$ P6#2$ PB020731B0E$ B8.:@6:$ N82O8@0;0720731B01$ 02/04$

.P7=1B0$4020N82/#46#B872#7Q$(82O8@0;0731$#@48E$P6#281$ 6#2#eP1$@8@6#/8181$O:M#128$

M#$4#@8168@8.$ Y16#71#6$N0C20163@3$ 8R81$;#6#[email protected]$R023J0131$RP4$;P7O=1$M#$:24#2#7$

070@3$ @006$ e0743$ 1#B#18;2#$ =;4=@=.$ P2/0$ P20@32342073$ @#;0>066#$ #C868/$ 02/0;3$

P2=/@=.$ ;L1B#$ #6482#/#46#B87Q$ D1"04E$ @#;0>066#;4#1$ P1281#$ #C868/$ 02/0131$

P2=/2=$ ;012073$ B0$N=2=1/0460B37Q$A8J8$ 8J$ ;0$B0$#M$P760/3131$P2=J6=70N82#"#C8$

N87RP4$ 4#@8168B#1$ =.0460E$ 4#1B8@818$ ;0213.234$ >8@@81B#1$ =.0420J6370N82#"#4$ M#$

8>68;0"3$P201$N82O8;8$60/$.0/0131B0$#B81#N82#"#4687Q$

VPVPOP]P)&HZD>I>cJZ)+F;DM;GFI;G)

!KLC7#1/#E$ 6#41P2Pa8;#$ B0;023$ N87$ #C868/$ ;L16#/8$ P2B=C=1B01E$

=;O=20/0207B0$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 026;0S3$ @8@6#/81$ 6#/#2818$ 6#J482$ #B#7Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$

60@073/$ 0J0/0@31B0$ #C868/81$ O#28J68782#"#C8$ 6#41P2Pa84$ .#/81$ 82#$ P20@3$

@31372323420731$ L1"#B#1$ 60>/81$ #B82/#@8$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=1=1$ 8R81$ L1"#2842#$

>#B#e$ 4862#181$ #C868/#$ =20J374#1$ >01O8$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$ 4=22010"0C3$ 81"#2#1/#28E$

>01O8$ 8;82#J687/#2#781$ ;0S320"0C313$ 6#@S86$ #6/#4$ 0/0"3;20$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 026;0S3$

;#6#728284$ 01028.8$ ;:7:6:2/#28$ M#$ #C#7$ O#7#48;P7@0$ 4=7=/=1$ N82O8$ 6#41P2Pa82#78$

P7O018.0@;P1=$ M#$ 6#41P2Pa84$/8/078@8$ =;O=1$J#482B#$;#18B#1$ 60@07201/023B37Q$

V71#C81$ 4=7@8;#72#7$ 8J2#/"8$ >3.3E$ >0e3.0$ 40S0@86#@8$ B:J:4$ ;0$ B0$ Y16#71#6$

N0C20163$ 40;10C3$ O:M#18287$ P2/0;01$N82O8@0;07207B01$#C868/#$N0C2010"04207@0$

N=$B=7=/$4=2201320"04$@#@E$018/0@;P1$M#$L.#22842#$M8B#P$O8N8$>3.23$M#$#1$@P1$

6#41P2Pa8;#$ @0>8S$ 8J2#/"82#781$ 4=22013/313$ O#7#4687#1$ 0468M86#2#78$

43@3620;0N82/#46#B87Q$ A=7@8;#72#7$ #C868/#$ 48J8@#2$ N82O8@0;07207B01$ B#C82$ B#$

R023J6342073$ 4=7=/20731$ 816#7f816701#6$ 0C20731B01$ =20J0"04207@0E$ N=$ 4#.$

4=7=/=1$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 026;0S3@3131$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ 50S3201$

070J637/0207B0$ [email protected]$ N86#1$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7Pa#2#78181$ 6#/#2$ 1#B#18181$

;#6#7@8.$ 6#41P2Pa84$ 026;0S3$ P2B=C=$ N#2872#1/8J687$ h!1P"60E$ FGGFiQ$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$

4=7=/=1$ 8>68;0R$ B=;0"0C3$ BP1013/31$ L1"#B#1$ N#2872#1/#@8$ M#$ N=10$ OL7#$

RL.:/2#7$:7#682/#@8$e0;B023$P20"04637Q$$

(=$N0C20/B0E$ 60@073/0$N0J20/0B01$L1"#$N#2872#1/#@8$O#7#4#1$N0.3$

6#41P2Pa84$ @601B076207$ 070@31B0$ m#N$ 6070;3"3@3131$ @#R8/8E$ BP@;0$ 6:7:$ ;0$ B0$

materyallerin belirlenmesi (müzik, video ve sanal ortam için platformK

! ^F$

N0C3/@3.$ eP7/06207s$ @#@E$ RP42=P760/$ BP4:/01207$ 8R81$ B8C#7$ SPS:2#7$ m#N$

eP7/062073iE$;0.323/31$6#@S868$ h?8"7P@Pe6$cP7BE$!Z"#2i$M#$4=22013"320731$ Y16#71#6$

N0C20163$ >3.207310$ OL7#$ >#7$ N87$ @0;e0B0$ 81B8782#"#4$ BP@;0$ N:;:42:C:1:1$

@3137201B3732/0@3$ N=2=1/0460B37$ hdP76P1E$ FGGîQ$ TP1=R60E$ ;0;O31$ P20704$

4=22013201E$O:M#18287$M#$/:/4:1@#$6#4184$B#@6#C81$M07P20N82#"#C8$6#41P2Pa82#781$

6#7"8>$#B82/#@8$e0;B023$P20"04637Q$

VPVPVP)#QGHFJK)!FZJDIJZIHGJDJD)0HIJGIHDKHNJ)

!C868/81$ N0J073;0$=20J/0@3$ L1"#28428$ P20704$ :R$ 4786#781$ @0C201/0@310$

N0C23B37Q$ (=1207B01$ 8248E$ LC7#1"8181$ /P68M0@;P1=1=$ @0C20/04637Q$ 5:4@#4$

/P68M0@;P10$ @0>8S$ LC7#1"8$ 6:/$ B84406818$ LC7#1/#;#$ M#7#N82#"#4$ M#$

#64812842#7#$ 0468e$ P20704$ 406320"04637Q$ )481"8$ 4786#7E$ LC7#1"8181$ /P68M0@;P1=1=$

40;N#6/#@81#$ e37@06$ 6013/0B01$=;O=1$ 8R#78C8$=;O=1$.0/01B0$@=1/04637Q$&#$

;0.34$ 48$/P68M0@;P1$ M#$ 40286#28$ 8R#784$ B#$ #C868/81$ N0J073;0$ =20J/0@3$ 8R81$ >#7$

.0/01$ ;#6#728$ P2/0/0460B37Q$ (=10$ N0C23$ P20704E$ :R:1":$ 4786#7$ 8@#$ LC7#1"8;#$

0120/23$ M#$>06372010N8287$ 186#2846#$ B#1#;8/2#781$ ;0J0632/0@3B37Q$(=$B0$#64828$ M#$

;#781B#$ LC7#68/$ #64812842#78;2#$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ !C#7$ LC7#1"8$ @=1=201$ N82O82#781$

4#1B8@8$ M#$ 4078;#78$ 8R81$ L1#/28$ P20"0C310$ 8410$ #B8287@#$ LC7#1"8181$ 0120/23$ N87$

B#1#;8/$;0J0/0@3$O070168$#B82/8J$P20"04637Q$$

!KLC7#1/#181$ >06372010N8287E$ 0432B0$ 4023"3$ P2/0@3$ 8R81$ 60@073/B0$

4=2201320"04$N0.3$L.#22842#7$J=1207B37$hD22#1E$FGGîk$

"! )2O81R$8R#784$M#$>840;#$#B82/8J$B=7=/207E$

"! Gerçek durum ya da ortamlar,$

"! X7PN2#/KRL./#;#$B0;023$@#107;P207E$

"! Simülasyonlar,$

"! '8@42#7$M#$@P1=R2073E$

"! (87N878;2#$N0C206323$4P1=207E$

"! ?#B;0$M#$070;:.$L.#22842#78181$4=22013/3E$

"! D23J637/0207E$

"! ?8.0>Q$

Sonuç olarak aktivitelerin kursiyerleri, kursun amaç ve hedefleri

40S@0/31B048$ N82O8E$ N#"#78$ M#$ B#1#;8/2#78$ 40.01B370"04$ 186#2846#$ P2/0@3$

! ^^$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ D468e$ 406323/$ >#7$ .0/01$ S0@8e$ LC7#1/#B#1$ B0>0$ #64828$

P2B=C=1B01E$ 0120/23$ M#$ O:M#18287$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#78;2#$ 4=7@8;#72#7$ 4=7@$

@:7#@81"#$#B81B842#78$ 40M70/2073$=;O=20/0$M#$4=7@$>#B#e2#781#$=20J/0$J01@3$

N=20"04207B37Q$ IP20;3@3;20$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/8181$ .#1O812#J68782/#@8$ 8R81$

60@073/"3131$ 6:/$ ;07063"323C313$ 4=22010704$N87RP4$ e07423$ 0468M86#$ S20120/0@3$ M#$

N=$ ;P220$ 4=7@8;#72#781$ 82O8@818$ R#4#7#4$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/81#$ B0>82$ P2/0207313$

@0C20/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

VC7#1/#$ 0468M86#2#78E$ 48J82#78$ >07#4#6#$ O#R87#1E$ S0@8e$ P4=/0$ M#$

izlemeden, aktif arama, seçme ve bilgiy8$ :7#6/#$ 1P460@310$ 60J3;01$

#;2#/2#7B87Q$ );8$ 60@07201/3J$ LC7#1/#$ 0468M86#2#78$ M0@360@3;20$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7E$

P2B=4R0$#C2#1"#28E$M#78/28$M#$#64828$P20N82/#46#B872#7Q$(=120731$;013$@370$B#1O#28$

N87$ J#482B#$ 4=2201320"04$ #6482#J8/E$ 81@0120731$ B0>0$ >3.23$ LC7#1/#2#7818$ M#$

LC7#1/#;#$407J3$B0>0$P2=/2=$N87$6=6=/$O#28J687/#2#7818$@0C20/0460B37Q$$

(=$ 40S@0/B0$ 60@072010N82#"#4$ 0468M86#2#7$ 070@31B0$ #6482#J8/28$

407046#72#781$ 4=220132/0@3E$ @8/:20@;P1207E$ P;=1207E$ 8J$ N8728C81#$ B0;023$ S7Pa#2#7E$

L71#4$B=7=/$R023J/02073E$070J637/0$ 70SP72073E$SP76eL;2#7E$ 6#@62#7E$070$@310M207E$

B=;=7=$60>602073$M#$P1281#$@P>N#62#7$;#7$02/0460B37Q$

VPVPVPOP)1;<`RD)?I;G;Z)4dII;DRI;D)#QGHFJK)!FZJDIJZIHGJ)

!KLC7#1/#$ P760/31B0$ >#7$ R#J86$ LC7#1/#$ #648128C8181$

O#7R#42#J68782/#@8$/:/4:1B:7Q$ (87$ @313e60$ ;0$ B0$ N82O8@0;070$B0;023$ N87$ 4=7@60$

;0S320N82#"#4$ 6:/$ #64812842#7$ #KLC7#1/#B#$ B#$ 4=2201320N82/#46#B87Q$ D1"04$

N=1=1$ 8R81E$43@3623$N016$O#18J28C8$M#$;:.$;:.#$#6482#J8/81$#4@8428C818$O8B#7/#;#$

;L1#284$ N87$ 6043/$ L12#/2#781$ 0231/0@3$ M#$ #64812842#781$ P1281#$ #C868/$ P760/3;20$

=;=/=1=1$ @0C201/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ !KLC7#1/#$ P760/3131$ ;P2$ 0R63C3$ N0.3$

43@3620/0207E$ @313e$ P760/31B0$ ;0$ B0$ N82O8@0;07$ B#@6#428$ #C868/2#7B#$ /:/4:1$

P2/0;01$N0.3$#64812842#781$60@07201/0@3;20$4P20;"0$6#20e8$#B82#N82/#46#B87Q$$

VC7#1/#$ 0468M86#2#7818$ 60@072074#1$ B84406$ #B82/#@8$ O#7#4#1$ N87$ 1P460$

>#7$ #;2#/81$ N87$ 0468M86#$ P2/0B3C3131$ =1=6=2/0/0@3B37Q$ V71#C81E$ 81@01207$

@0B#"#$ e07#;#$ 63420;0704$;0$B0$ @P>N#6$ ;0S0704$N87J#;$LC7#1#/#.2#7Q$D1"04$

81@01207E$ B:J:1#7#4E$ 070J6370704E$ 01028.$ #B#7#4E$ B#C#72#1B87#7#4E$ P7O018.#$

! ^b$

#B#7#4E$ 60763J0704E$6#@6$;0S0704E$40707$M#7#7#4E$e84872#78$=;O=20;0704$LC7#1872#7$

hdP76P1E$FGGGiQ$$

90N2P$FQ^QU6#$>#7$4P1=;0$O#7#4$@313eR0E$O#7#4$6043/207$>0281B#$;0$B0$

N87#;@#2$ P20704$ =;O=2010N82#"#4$ 40B07$ #@1#4$ ;0S32070$ @0>8SE$ #1$ SPS:2#7$

LC7#1/#$#64812842#78E$6013/2073$M#$4=22013/$02012073$M#782/#46#B87Q$

&*02?)VPWP)1*17,3)?2*%*4)4522*3,2*3)#$%!&'()!&4'32'42!%')

–

Kursiyerlerin inter/intranet’de kendi bilgi Özellikle bil

seçme ve organizasyon

roblemi çözmek

yollarla problem çözme

düzey bilgileri aktarmak, soyut veya çok genel kavramlara somut örnekler verebilmek için.Kursiyerleri gerçek laboratuvar araç gereçlerini kullanmaya

Gerçekte riskli veya maliyetli olabilecek görevleri uygulamak için.

! ^H$

VPVPWP)*G;<_b)&;N;GRKR)

9#4184$ P20704$ 070;:.E$ 848$ e07423$ P2=J=/$ 070@31B048$ 82#68J8/8$ 8e0B#$

#6/#46#B87Q$ A=22013"3$ 070;:.:$ 8@#$ 4=22013"3131E$ N87$ @8@6#/E$ 070R$ ;0$ B0$

S7PO70/20$ #6482#J8/$ 8R81B#$ P2/0@313$ M#$ :.#781B#$ 8J2#/$ ;0S/0@313$ @0C20;01$

;0.323/$ M#fM#;0$ BP1013/3$ 8e0B#$ #6/#46#B87Q$ TP1=R$ P20704E$ 070;:.E$

4=22013"3131$ #6482#J8/#$ O87#"#C8$ S7PO70/31$ #4701B048$ OL7:16:@:$ M#$ #4701$

özellikleridir (Glossary of Terms, 2000).$

D70;:.$ 60@073/3$ 40M70/3E$ >#7$ R#J86$ P760/B048$ 6#41P2Pa84$ :7:12#781$

81@01207$ 6070e31B01$ 4=220132/0@3;20$ 82O828B87Q$ D70;:.$ 60@073/31B0$ 0/0RE$ N=$

:7:12#78$ 4=220101$ 48J82#7#$ N0J07323$ B#1#;8/2#7$ ;0J06/04$ M#$/#/1=18;#62#7818$

@0C20/04637$h(P281O$M#$TP=@0E$[``îQ$$

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 0J0C3B0$ 070;:.$ 60@073/3131$ 6#/#22#7818$ P2=J6=701$

81@01KN82O8@0;07$ #6482#J8/$ S7#1@8S2#78$ 82#$ P1281#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/20731B0$

4=2201320N82#"#4$N0.3$070R207$#2#$0231/0460B37Q$

VPVPWPOP)'DN;D"0JI`JN;<;G)!FZJIHTJKJ)

T010;8$ 6PS2=/=1B01$ N82O8$ 6PS2=/=10$ O#R8J#$ S0702#2$ P20704$ 8J2#781$

186#28C8E$ 8J$O#7#42#78$M#$R023J01$S7Pe8281B#$N:;:4$B#C8J842842#7$/#;B010$O#2/8JE$

B0>0$ RP4$ e8.84@#2$ R0N0$O#7#4687#1$ 8J2#7B#1E$ N#;81@#2$0468M86#$O#7#4687#1$ 8J2#7#$

O#R8J$ O#7R#42#J/8J687Q$ (=10$ N0C23$ P20704$ B0$ 8J2#781$ RPC=$ N82O8@0;07$ O8N8$ 82#78$

6#41P2Pa82#7#$ @0>8S$ 070R207$ M0@360@3;20$ ;:7:6:2/#;#$ N0J201/3J$ M#$ NL;2#"#$

81@01KN82O8@0;07$070@31B048$#6482#J8/$ 8J$ >0;063131$ 40R3132/0.$N87$LC#@8$>0281#$

O#2/8J687$h&P;#@E$FGG[iQ$

D44=76$hFGGFiU0$OL7#E$ 81@0131$N82O8@0;0720$#6482#J8/818$:R$B:.#;B#$#2#$

02/04$/:/4:1B:7Q$(8781"8$B:.#;B#E$4=22013"3131$N82O8@0;0720$e8.84@#2$#6482#J8/8$

@L.$4P1=@=B=7Q$p8.84@#2$#6482#J8/#E$420M;#181$#7OP1P/8@8E$e07#E$e07#$02623C3E$MNQ$

M#78$ O878J$ 070R2073131$ 4=22013/3$ M#$ R3463$ BP1013/3131$ 4=22013/3$ L71#4$ 6#J482$

#6/#46#B87Q$$

)481"8$ B:.#;B#E$ N87#;81$ ;0J0/31B0$ N82O8@0;07$ M#$ Y16#71#6$ O8N8$

P760/20731$ #648@8$ ;#7$ 02/0460B37Q$ (=$ B:.#;B#48$ #6482#J8/#E$ N87#;81$ N82O8@0;07$

4=2201/0$N#"#78@81B#1E$N82O8@0;0731$N87#;81$;0J0/3$:.#781B#48$#6482#781#$40B07$

birçok psikolojik ve teknik konu girmekteB87Q$(87#;81$N82O8@0;0720$#6482#J8/81#E$

! ^\$

#KLC7#1/#E$ Y16#71#66#$ @L7e$ ;0S/04E$ @P>N#6$ PB0207310$ 40632/04E$ >0N#7$

O7=S207313$ 8.2#/#4E$ N82O8@0;07$ S7PO70/2073$ ;0./04E$ N82O8@0;07B0$ /:.84$

dinlemek, vb aktiviteleri örnek olarak vermek mümkündür.$

Üçüncü düzeyde, toplu/=1$ M#;0$ 6PS2=2=420731$ N82O8@0;0720$ #6482#J8/8$

4P1=2073$ ;#7$ 02/0460B37Q$ (82O8@0;07$ M#$ Y16#71#681$ ;0;O3120J/0@3$ 82#$ O#28J#1$

;#18$ 82#68J8/$ M#$ M#78$ S0;20J/0$ /PB#22#78E$ N82O8@0;07$ 0C2073131$ J874#62#7$

:.#781B#48$ #6482#78E$ N828J8/$ ;06373/2073131$ J874#6$ M#;0$ :24# üretkenliklerine

40643@3$4P1=2073$6PS2=/=1$N82O8@0;0720$#6482#J8/8$P20704$B#C#72#1B8782/#46#B87Q$

(82O8@0;0720731$ 81@01$ >0;063$ :.#781B#$ ;070663C3$ e07423$ B:.#;2#7B#48$

#6482#78$ N82O8@0;0720731$ 60@073/3$ 4P1=@=1B0$ N87RP4$ e07423$ ;0420J3/31$

O#28J68782/#@81#$;P2$0R/3J637Q$T8@6#/K/#74#.28$ 60@073/E$L7O:6K/#74#.28$ 60@073/$

;0420J3/2073$ N=1207B01$ N0.32073B37Q$ D1"04E$ 4=22013"3;3$ ;018$ 81@013$ /#74#.81#$

02/0@3$1#B#18;2#$4=22013"3K/#74#.28$ 60@073/$#1$RP4$40N=2$OL7#1$;0420J3/B37Q$

(=$ ;0420J3/31$ 02631B0$ ;0601$ /01634E$ 81@010$ 086$ N#"#782#781$ O#28J68782/#@8E$

@31372323420731$ B#@6#42#1#7#4$ O8B#782/#@8E$ @026$ #@6#684$ 40;O32070$

PB04201/[email protected]$ 4=22013/3$ #C2#1"#28$ M#$ 48J8;#$ L.#2$ N87$ 60@073/31$ /#;B010$

O#68782/#@8B87Q$$

)1@01KN82O8@0;07$ #6482#J8/8$ 0C3723423$ P20704$ N828J@#2$ 6#P782#7#$

B0;01B3732/0460B37Q$ D201B0$ PB042013201$ #1$ L1#/28$ 1P460E$ N82O8@0;07KB#@6#428$

@8@6#/$ 4=22013"3207310$ ;:4@#4$ B:.#;B#$ 4=22013J23234$ 8/4013$ @0C20/04637Q$ (=$

40S@0/B0E$ 81@01KN82O8@0;07$ #6482#J8/8$ 6#P782#78$ O#1#22842#E$ N87$ @8@6#/$ ;0$ B0$

4=22013"3$ 070;:.:1:1$ 60@073/3$ :.#781#$ N87$ 6043/$ ;L1#7O#2#7$ @=1/0460E$ O#1#2$

4=22013"3$ B0M7013J207313$ B84406#$ 020704$ 60@073/$ 0R3@31B01$ ;P2$ OL@6#78"8$

S7#1@8S2#7$ O#28J687/#46#B87Q$ V71#C81E$ N87$ @8@6#/$ ;0$ B0$ 070;:.:1$ 4=22013"3$

8>68;0R207313$ 407J320;0"04$ N8R8/B#$ 60@072010N82/#@8$ 8R81$ L1"#28428$ P20704$

4=22013"320731$>01O8$OL7#M2#7$8R81$@8@6#/8$4=22010"0C3131$M#$N=$OL7#M2#781$10@32$

=;O=2010"0C3131$ 0120J32/0@3$ ;018$ OL7#M$ 01028.8181$ ;0S32/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

,:14:$ N=$ OL7#M2#7E$ 070;:.B#$ ;#7$ 020"04E$ @8/O#E$ /#1:E$ B:C/#E$ B8;02PO$

4=6=2073$ O8N8$ 1#@1#2#781$ 4=22013/313$ BPC7=B01$ #6482#/#46#$ M#$ 60@073/3$

yönlendirmektedir (Hartson, 1998). $

$

! ^]$

VPVPWPVP)0JIJTNHI)*G;UI;GRD)+HUJKJ)

!KLC7#1/#$ P760/31B0E$ c#NU81$ #6482#J8/28$ BPC0@3$ O#7#C8$ LC7#1"82#7$

R#J8628$40;1042073$4#Je#6/#E$B8C#7$N82O8$02012073;20$N0C20163$4=7/0$M#$N0C3/@3.$

>07#4#6$ #B#N82/#$ P2010C3$ N=2/0460B37207Q$ D1"04$ N=$ O8N8$ P760/207$

60@07201374#1$ LC7#1"82#781$ N828J@#2$ @:7#R2#78$ S#4$ >#@0N0$ 40632/0/0460$ M#$

N82O8;8$ 070J637/0E$ @#R/#E$ B:.#12#/#E$ L7O:62#/#$ M#$ P2=J6=7/0$@:7#R2#781B#48$

6:/$ ;:4$ M#$ @P7=/2=2=4$ LC7#1"8;#$ N370432/0460B37Q$ (=$ B=7=/E$ LC7#1"82#7B#$

N828J@#2$ P20704$ 0J373$ ;:42#1/#E$ 1#$ ;0S0"0C313$ N82#/#/#;#$ ;P2$ 0R/0460E$

LC7#1"8181$ #C868/$ P760/3$ 8R81B#$ ;P2=1=$ 40;N#6/#@81#$ 40B07$ O8B#N82/#46#B87Q$

(=$ 1#B#12#E$ LC7#1"82#781$ #C868/$ 8R81B#$ 4P20;"0$ 82#72#/#2#7818$ @0C20;0"04E$

4#1B8$ N82O82#7818$ P2=J6=7/0$ @:7#"81B#$ :@6$ B:.#;$ B:J:1/#$ N#"#782#781#$

;07B3/"3$ P20"04$ N87$ 6043/$ B#@6#42#;8"8$ 070R20731$ O#28J68782/#@8$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

(=1=$ @0C20;01$ N828J@#2$ 070R207E$ 81@01PC2=1=1$ B:J:1/#E$ S7PN2#/$ RL./#$ M#$

LC7#1/#$ @370@31B0$ N828J@#2$ O:":1#$ 40643B0$ N=2=101$ 6#41P2Pa82#7$ P20704$

6013/201/0460B37Q$ !KLC7#1/#$ P760/3$ 8R81$ 4=2201320N82#"#4$ N0.3$ 070R207$ M#$

8J2#M2#78$J=1207B37$hV.R#284$M#$532B373/E$FGGFik$

'T;GHFIH<JYJ/$ VC7#1"8181E$ m#N$ P760/31B048$ /#681B#$ 8@6#B8C8$ ;#72#781$

026313$ R8.#7#4E$ eP@eP720;0704E$ 8J07#62#;#7#4$ R023J/0@313$ @0C207Q$ W$ @0;e0;0$

6#4707$ BL1:2B:C:1B#$ 8J07#62#1#1$ ;#72#7$ eP@eP72=$ N87$ J#482B#$ OL7#N8287$ M#;0$

N0J40$ N87$ @0;e0B0;4#1$ B0>0$ L1"#B#1$ 8J07#62#1#1$ ;#72#7$ @P7O=2010704$

28@6#2#1#N8287Q$

+RZU;)4dII;DRI;DI;G/$VC7#1"8181$B#7@$40S@0/31B0$;0$B0$B3J31B048$N87$

@0;e0;3$ q@34R0$ 4=22013201207r$ 28@6#@81#$ #42#/#@818$ M#$ 8>68;0R$ B=;=2B=C=1B0$

>#7>01O8$N87$;#7B#1$P$@0;e0;0$6#4707$#78J8/818$@0C207Q$

3>F):H=FHGJ/$VC7#1"8181$ 8>68;0R$B=;B=C=$ 01B0$ @0N86$ N87$ B#e6#7B#$1P6$

6=60N82/#@818$M#$8@6#B8C8$.0/01$N=12073$P4=;0N82/#@818$@0C207Q$

+;<=;)3>Fd/$VC7#1"8181$R023J63C3$@0;e0$:.#781B#E$N=2=1B=C=$@0;e0;0$

L.O:$ 1P6$ 020N82/#@818$ M#$ B0>0$ @P170$ 6#4707$ P$ @0;e0;0$ O#2B8C81B#$ P$ 1P6=$

OL7#N82/#@818$@0C207Q$

! ^_$

&HGJKIHG) +\bI_Q_/$ VC7#1"8181$ #C868/$ 40S@0/31B0$ 4=22013201$ ;0$ B0$

4P1=;0$828J481$6:/$6#78/2#781$6013/207310$4P20;"0$=20J/0@313$@0C207Q$

*G;K;/$ VC7#1"8181$ #C868/$ 40S@0/31B048$ 6:/$/#6812#7B#$ @P7O=20/0$

;0S/0@313$@0C207Q$

7HUKJT/$ VC7#1"8181$ #1$ @P1$ O87B8C8$ @0;e02073E$ ;0S63C3$ 8J2#/2#78$

OL7#N82/#@818$@0C207Q$

+JFH)e;GJF;NR/$VC7#1"8181$#C868/81$0C0R$J#4281B#48$;0S3201B3732/0@313$

OL7/#@818E$#C868/81$6:/$N82#J#12#781#$4P20;"0$#78J/#@818$@0C207Q$

e;FRGI;FRYR/$ VC7#1"8181$ 010$ @0;e0;0$ >063720/04$ 8@6#B8C8$ N87$ 1P6=$

#42#;#N82/#@818$@0C207Q$

!D) +>D) 8J<;GHF) !MJIKJT) 'UHGJZ/$ A=22013"3131$ 010$ @0;e0B01$ #1$ @P1$

02/3J$P2B=C=$B#7@#$BPC7=B01$=20J0N82/#@818$@0C207Q$

VPVPWPWP)(HF;=>G)+HUJKJ)

?#60eP7207E$ 4=22013"3131$ 0120/0@313$ 4P20;20J637/04$ 8R81$ OL7@#2$

@=1=/2070$BL1:J6:7:2/:J$PNa#2#7$P20704$6013/201/0460B37Q$I8C#7$N87$B#;8J2#E$

4=7@8;#72#7#$ 6013B34$ N87$ ;0S3E$ OL7:16:$ ;0$ B0$ 816#70468e$ N87$ 407046#781$ 4=7@$

NP;=1"0$ 4=220132/0@3B37Q$ ?#60eP7$ N87$ 43;0@20/0E$ N87$ 6#/0E$ N87$ /P68e$ ;0$ B0$

O#28J#1$N87$@#107;P$P20N8287Q$A=22013201$4860SE$4860S$70e2073E$N810E$Pe8@$PB0@3$O8N8$

/#60eP7207$ 4=2013"3131E$ 8R#78C8$ P7O018.#$ #6/#@818$ M#$ N82O8;8$ 0120/0@313$

4P20;20J63737$ hA070N#;0.E$ FGGbiQ$ (=$ O8N8$ /#60eP7207$ 0;73"0E$ LC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/818$"0123$6=60704$82O8;8$0763737$M#$4=7@0$N:6:12#J84$M#$6=60723$N87$OL7:16:E$

düzen katar. $

A860SE$ N810E$ J#>87E$ e0N7840E$ Pe8@E$ /0O0.81E$ 6#2#M8.;P1E$ N=2/0"0$ #1$

;0;O31$ 4=22013201$ /#60eP7207B37Q$ V71#C81$ J#>87$ /#60eP7=1B0E$ J#>781$ >07860@3$

010$ @0;e0;3E$ N810$ m#N$ @0;e0@313E$ ;0431$ R#M7#B#48$ /#401207$ B#7@2#78E$ J#>781$

4#1B8@8$ 8@#$4=7@=$@#/NP28.#$#B#N8287Q$A=2201320"04$/#"0.8$;0S3$O#7R#4$B:1;0$

82#$L76:J/#28$M#$6:/$/#"0.8$LC#2#781$O#7R#4$B:1;0B0$N87$407J363$;0$B0$N#1.#78$

N=2=1/023B37Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ 4=7@8;#72#781$ N82B8C8E$ >028>0.37B0$ >0;062073131$ N87$

S07R0@3$P201$LC#2#78$/#"0.8$N87$;0S3$P20704$4=7O=20/04$4=22013/3$4P20;20J63737Q$

! ^`$

);8$ N87$ /#60eP7E$ M#782/#4$ 8@6#1#1$ N:6:1$ N82O82#78E$ 4P1=2073$ 40S@0;0"04$

.#1O812846#$ M#$ #@1#42846#$ P2/023B37Q$ D1"04$ /#60eP7=1$ #C868/81$ L1:1#$

O#R/#/#@8$ 8R81$@0B#"#$4=7@$8R81B#48$NL2:/2#7#$O#R8J6#$4=7@8;#72#7#$7#>N#7284$

#6/#@8E$ #C868/#$ N870.$ #C2#1"#$ 406/0@3$ 8R81$ 4=220132/0@3$ O#7#468C8$

=1=6=2/0/023B37$hdP76P1E$FGGGiQ$$

! bG$

-9-3.-)0#2-()

!"#$%!&'(:!)7!2'6&'%(!A)51752*(*)@!):!$!%2!3:'%(!)

+-%!92!%')

WPOP)7HIJTFJGKH)+_GHYJ)

!C868/$ 8>68;0R2073E$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ M#$ R#M7#;#$ 828J481$ R#J8628$ 01028.2#7$

;0S32B34601E$4=2201320"04$6#41P2Pa82#7$M#$#64812842#7$S201201B34601E$@313723234207$M#$

P20@3234207$ >#@0S201B34601$ @P170$ P1281#$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;02818$ O#28J687/#4$ 8R81$

O#7#428$ 6:/$M#782#7$>0.37$B#/#4687Q$(=$0J0/0B0E$>0.372010"04$ 60@204$ 8R#7842#7$

ve mevcut materyallerin gözden geçirilerek içeriklerin düzenlenmesi,

O#28J68782/#@8E$B8C#7$N87$B#;8J2#$B#7@$/06#7;022#rinin üretilmesi gerekmektedir.$

WPOPOP)#QGHFJK)(;FHG<;IJDJD)7HIJTFJGJIKHNJ)

W1281#$ #C868/2#7B#$LC7#68/$/06#7;028181$ :7#68/8$ @313e$ 8R81B#$ M#782#"#4$

#C868/$ /06#7;028181$ :7#68/81B#1$ P2B=4R0$ e07423B37Q$ (82O82#7$ N82O8@0;07$

070"323C3;20$ @=1=20"0C3$ 8R81$ N82O8@0;07$ 4=22013"32073131$ 023J4012342073131$ B84406#$

0231/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (0.3$ 68S84$ 4=22013"3$ 023J4012342073$ J=1207B37$ h&8#2@#1E$

FGGHik$

K$A=22013"320731$w$]Ù=$@0;e0;3$4#28/#$4#28/#$P4=/04$;#781#$@0B#"#$

gözden geçirir,$

K$(82O8@0;07$#470131B01E$40C36$;0$B0$4860N0$43;0@20E$w$FH$B0>0$;0M0J$

P4=1=7E$

K$W1281#$ #C868/2#781$ 8R#78C8$ 40C36$ ;0$ B0$ 4860S$ M#7@8;P1=1=1$ 01"04$$$$$$

% 50’si kadar bilgiyi içermelidir.$

(=$R#7R#M#B#E$N87$P1281#$#C868/$8R81$LC7#68/$/06#7;028181$O#28J68782/#@8$

0J0/0@31B0$ OL.$ L1:1B#$ N=2=1B=7=2/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ 6#/#2$ 824#2#7$ J=1207B37$

(Özen ve Karaman, 2001, s.90):$

! b[$

K$ (0@86E$@0B#$M#$0120J320N8287$P2/023B37E$

K$I#7@81$>#B#e$M#$0/0R207310$=;O=1$@#R82/#28$M#$>0.37201/023B37E$

K$I#7@81$ 4P1=@=1=$ P2=J6=701$ N:6:1$ N82O82#72#$ B#C82E$ L1#/28$ M#$ L.#6$

N82O82#72#$BP10632/023B37E$

K$'#@8/E$O70e84E$7#14E$MNQ$OL7@#2$LC#2#7E$/06#7;0281$L1#/28$1P460207313$

M=7O=20/04$0/0"3;20$4=220132/023E$0J373$4=22013/B01$40R3132/023B37E$

K$ 50.323$ /#6812#7$ M#$ OL7@#2K8J86@#2$ LC#2#7$ LC7#1"82#781$ S#B0OPa84$

L.#22842#781#$ =;O=1$ P2/023$ M#$ LC7#1"82#781$ O#7R#4$ >0;062073;20$

L76:J/#28B87E$

K$VC7#1"8;#$023J637/0$M#$=;O=20/0$8/4013$60131/023B37E$

K$d#7$LC7#1"8181$#78J8/81#$M#$4=22013/310$0R34$P2/023B37E$

K$+#7#468C81B#$4P20;23420$O#28J68782#N8287$M#$O:1"#22#1#N8287$P2/023B37Q$

WPOPOPOP)'UHGJQJD)e;bRGI;DK;NR)

ÖncelikleE$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ 01028.8E$ LC7#1/#$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#78$ 82#$ 07.=$

#B82#1$ B#7@$ 40S@0/3$ 6#/#2$ 02310704$ N87$ 8R#784$ 60@20C3131$ >0.37201/0@3$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ !C#7$ >028>0.37B0$ @313e$ 8R81B#$ M#782#1$ N87$ 4=7@=1$ N82O8@0;07$

P760/310$0460732/0@3$@L.$4P1=@=;@0$4=22013201$/#M"=6$malzemelerin gözden

O#R8782/#@8E$ O#7#428$ B#C8J842842#781$ ;0S32/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ TP1=R60E$ N:6:1$

#C86@#2$/06#7;022#781$4=22013/0$N0J20/0B01$L1"#$N0J601$0J0C3;0$81"#2#1/#@8$

M#$ M07@0$ S7PN2#/2#781$ 6#@S86$ #B82/#@8$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$?06#7;022#781$ LC7#1/#$

>#B#e2#781#$ =;O=1$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C310$ B0$ L.#22842#$ B84406$ #B82/#28B87Q$ V1"#B#1$

>0.37$ /06#7;022#7E$ 4=7@$ >#B#e2#781#$ O#7#428$ N0C2063207$ 4=7=20704E$ L.#62#7E$

L71#42#7$ M#$ OL7@#2$ /02.#/#2#72#$ B#@6#42#1#7#4$ M#$ 4=7@$ O#1#281B#48$ LC7#68/$

607.3;20$ =;=/2=$ >02#$ O#68782#7#4$ 4=22013237$ >02#$ O#68782/#28B87$ hI8@601"#$

!B="068P1E$FGGbiQ$

D;73"0$=1=6=2/0/023B37$48E$P1281#$4=7@207$@0B#"#$N87$ 6043/$/#6812#781$

@=1=/=;20$@313723$B#C82B87Q$I8C#7$40;1042070$M#$@86#2#7#$@0C2010"04$N0C20163207$

4=7@8;#72#781$ Y16#71#6U8$ N87$ 070J637/0$ 070"3$ P20704$ B0$ N#18/@#/#2#7818$

@0C20;0"04637Q$$

! bF$

?06#7;02$ ;0$ B0$ 8R#784$ @#R8/81B#$ L1#/28$ N87$ B8C#7$ 1P460$ B0$ ;0;31$

>042073$ ;0$ B0$ 82O828$ N0.3$ 401=120731$ B84406#$ 02310704$ O#7#468C81B#$ 82O828$

/#7"882#7B#1$;0@02$8.812#781$02310704$#C868/$40S@0/31B0$4=220132/0@3B37Q$

WPOPOPVP)'UHGJZ)7HIJTFJGKH)1;ZI;TRKI;GR)

)@6#7$ O#2#1#4@#2$ P760/B0$ 8@6#7$ m#N$ P760/31B0$ @=1=2=;P7$ P2@=1E$ N87$

#C868/$ S7PO70/31B0$ #1$ L1#/$ M#782#1$ L.#22842#7B#1$ N878$ 8R#784687Q$ )R#78C81$

40S@0/3E$10@32$ 4=2201320"0C3E$10@32$ N87$ @37020/0;20$M#782#"#C8$#C868/81$R063@313$

P2=J6=7=7Q$ )R#784$ O#28J687/#$ 0J0/0@31B0$ 848$ e07423$ ;0420J3/$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$

Bunlardan biri içerikK/#74#.28$B8C#78$B#$LC7#1"8K/#74#.28$;0420J3/B37Q$$

'UHGJZ"(HGZHbIJ) 1;ZI;TRK/$ T0B#"#$ 4P1=$ =./013131$ N043J$ 0R3@3$

R#7R#M#@81B#$ 8R#784$ ;0S3201B3732/0460E$ @0B#"#$ 4P1=$ 043J3131$ S201201/0@310$

PB0420132/0460B37Q$ I#7@$ 043J3$ O#1#22842#$ N0@866#1$ 407/0J3C0E$ 47P1P2Pa84$ M#$

>8;#707J84$ N87$ J#482B#$ ;0S3201B3732/0460B37Q$VC7#1"82#781$/P68M0@;P1=$ ;:4@#4E$

N82O82#7$LC7#1"82#7$ 6070e31B01$.06#1$40M701/3JE$ 0120J32/3J$;0$B0$;L12#1B87/#$

P2/0B01$#B8182#N82#"#4$N87$ 6043/$N82O8$ M#$N#"#782#7$ @L.$4P1=@=$ 8@#E$ LC7#1/#$

>#B#e2#781#$=20J/04$8R81$@P1$B#7#"#$N0@86$N87$@=1=/$;#6#728$P20N82/#46#B87Q$(=$

gibi durumlarda içerikK/#74#.28$ ;0420J3/31$ 4=220132/0@3$ /:/4:1B:7Q$ D1"04E$

LC7#1"8181$ N043J$ 0R3@3131$ 0.$ B0$ P2@0$ B84406#$ 0231B3C3$ B=7=/207B0$ N82#$ 8R#784E$

B0>0$ RP4$ N82O82#781$ B=;=7=2/0@3E$ 6#P784$ P20704$ 0R34201/0@31B01$ L6#;#$

O86/#/#46#B87Q$ AP1=207$ 0;1#1$ 4860S207B048$ 012063/$ /0163C310$ OL7#$

@=1=2/0460$ P2B=C=1B01$ 8R#784K/#74#.28$ @=1=/B0E$ LC7#1"82#781$ #C868/#$ P201$

82O8$M#$8@6#42#7818$4P20;"0$40;N#6/#2#78$4=MM#628$N87$8>68/02B87$hD22#1E$FGGîQ$

#QGHDYJ"(HGZHbIJ) 1;ZI;TRK/$ VC7#1"8181$ LC7#1/#$ P20;310$ 0468e$

P20704$40632/0@313$@0C20;0"04E$/#704$=;01B370"04$186#2846#$N87$6043/$LC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/2#78181$ 60@07201/0@310$ B84406$ #B82/#46#B87Q$ I#7@$ 043J3$ O#1#22842#$

N8281#1B#1$ N8281/#;#1#$ BPC7=E$ 0/0"0$ 0J0/0$ 0J0/0$ =20J6370"04$ J#482B#$

;0S3201B3732/0460B37Q$ VC7#1"82#7#E$ =20J320N82#"#4$ .P72=4207B0$ N87$ 6043/$

0468M86#2#7$ M#782/#46#$ M#$ 4P1=;=$ 4#1B8$ 4#1B82#781#$ 40M70/02073$

N#42#1/#46#B87Q$ (0J07323207$ LB:22#1B8782/#46#E$ N0J073@3.$ P201207$ 8@#$ ;07B3/"3$

/06#7;022#7f0468M86#2#72#$ B#@6#42#1/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 0J0/0B01$ @P170$ LC7#1"82#7#$

daha zor bir görev verilmekte, edindikleri bilgi ve becerileri harmanlayarak

! b^$

B0>0$O#28J/8J$RL.:/2#7$:7#6/#2#78E$4P1=;0$828J481$B0>0$O#28J/8J$N043J$0R32073$

40.01/02073$@0C201/0460B37$hD22#1E$FGGîQ$

T#R82#1$ ;0420J3/$ 8R#78C81$ e07423$ J#4822#7B#$ @=1=/=10$ ;P2$ 0R/0460B37Q$

)R#784K/#74#.28$ ;0420J3/E$ 8R#78C81$ B0>0$ RP4$ 6#P784$ P20704$ 046073/310$ L1#/$

M#7/#46#E$LC7#1"8K/#74#.28$;0420J3/$8@#$8R#78C81$0120/23E$S#7eP7/01@0$B0;023$

N87$ B8.8$ P20;$ :.#781B#1$ 0460732/0@313$ L1OL7/#46#B87Q$ VC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#781#$

=20J/04$8R81$RPC=12=420$8R#78C81$0120/23E$0432B0$4023"3$M#$82O8$R#48"8$N87$J#482B#$

@=1=2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ D;73"0E$ R0N0$ >07"010704E$ N8..06$ =;O=2010704$

#B8182#1$ N82O82#781$ B0>0$ 4023"3$ P2B=C=$ N87$ O#7R#4687Q$(=$ 1#B#12#E$ 8R#78C81$ e0.20$

407/0J34$M#$@343"3$N87$J#482B#$M#782/#@81B#1$40R3132/023B37Q$

WPOPOPWP):HGN)*ZRT)6HK;I;GRDRD)?IdTFdGdIK;NR)

d0.3720101$ 8R#78C81E$ 4=7@8;#72#78$ N#2872#1#1$ >#B#e2#7#$ =20J6370N82/#@8$

8R81E$ 07B3J34$ M#$ ;0S3201B3732/3J$ N87$ N8R8/B#$ @=1=2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$

1#B#12#$>#B#e2#7#$M#$4P1=2070$N0C23$P20704E$ 8@6#1#1$N82O8$M#$N#"#782#781$#1$8;8$

J#482B#$ 4=7@8;#7#$ 40.01B370N82/#4$ 8R81$ B#7@2#781$ #1$ =;O=1$ ;0S3$ 8R81B#$

@=1=2/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

I#7@2#7E$N87$4=7@$40S@0/31B048$026$>#B#e2#7#$=20J/04$8R81$P2=J6=7=201$

R#J8628$ 0468M86#$ M#$ @=1=/20731$ N:6:1:B:7Q$ d#7$ N87$ B#7@$ 6:/$ 4=7@=1$ N87#7$ 026$

N878/818$ P2=J6=7=7$ M#$ 4#1B8$ 8R81B#$ >#B#e2#78E$ 012063/3E$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ M#$ O#78$

bildirimleri olan parçalardan biridi7Q$ !C868/$ 60@073/"32073$ 6070e31B01$ N=O:1#$

40B07$ N87RP4$ e07423$ B#7@$ /06#7;028$ 8R81$ e07423$ 043J$ J#/02073$ O#28J68782/8J687Q$

(=1207B01$ N0.32073$ 420@84E$ N0.32073$ 0468M86#K/#74#.28E$ LC7#1"8Kyönlendirmeli,

4#Je#f070J637/0;0$ B0;023$ 4P1=207$ 8R81$ L.#2$ P20704$ 60@07201/3J637$ hdP76P1E$

FGGGiQ$$

D1"04E$ >#/#1$ >#/#1$ >#S@81B#$ P7604$ N0.3$ N0@0/04207$

N=2=1/0460B37Q$ AP1=$ 1#$ P2=7@0$ P2@=1$ B#7@$ ;0S3@3$ O#28J68782874#1$ B84406#$

0231/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N#228$ N0J23$ N0.3$ 1P460207$ M07B37Q$ dP76P1$ hFGGGE$ @Q[]\i$

6070e31B01$N#2872#1#1$@601B076$#C868/$043J3$0J0C3B0$;#7$0201$;#B8$N0@0/04601$

P2=J/0460B37k$

$

! bb$

[Q$A=7@8;#781$/P68M0@;P1=1=$@0C20E$

FQ$AP1=$0C0"313E$8R#784$043J313$OL@6#7E$

^Q$A=7@8;#72#781$L1"#48$N82O82#7818$>063720/0207310$;07B3/$#6E$

bQ$5#18$4P1=$M#$e84872#781$@=1=/=1=$;0SE$

HQ$+#78$N82B878/$@0C20E$

\Q$A0M70/0;3$6#@6$#6E$

]Q$VC7#1/#$P20;313$/:/4:1$P2B=4R0$.#1O812#J687Q$

TP1=R$ P20704E$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7B#$ LC7#1"8;2#$ #C86/#181$ ;:.$ ;:.#$

#6482#J8/8$ @L.$ 4P1=@=$ P2/0B3C3$ 8R81$ B#7@2#781E$ N#28728$ N87$ B:.#1$ M#$ 1#6284$

8R#78@81B#$ @=1=2/0@3E$ @313e$ 8R8$ #C868/2#7#$ 43;0@20$ RP4$ B0>0$ 0R34E$ LC7#1"8181$

40e0@31B0$ @P7=$ 8J07#62#78$ N3704/0;0"04$ N87$ J#482B#$ P7O018.#$ #B82/#@8$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

WPOPVP):HGNJD)BG>`G;KI;DK;NR)SH)-GHFJKJ)

VC7#68/@#2$ /06#7;022#7$ O#28J68782B846#1$ @P170$ N=$ BP4:/0120731$

@#107;P20J637320704$ @0;e0$ @0;e0$ N82O8@0;07$ P760/310$ B8a8602$ P20704$ 0460732/0@3$

O#7#4/#46#B87Q$(=$0J0/0B0E$LC7#68/$/06#7;028181E$ ;0.323$ 8e0B#2#7$ M#$N=12070$

B0;023$#4$7#@8/$M#$OL7@#2f8J86@#2$/02.#/#2#7B#1$P2=J01$@#107;P2073$;0.3237Q$(=$

J#482B#$ OL7@#2$ M#$ 8J86@#2$ ;0.323$ 8e0B#2#7$ 82#$ >07#4#628$ 7#@8/2#7$ N872#J68782/8J$ P2=7$

h)S#4E$FGG[iQ$$

(=$ 0J0/0B0$ B84406$ #B82/#@8$ O#7#4#1$ 1P460207B01$ N878E$ N=$ 070R20731E$

LC7#1"82#781$ 8>68;0R2073E$ 8R#784$ O#7#4@818/2#78$ M#$ 6#41P2Pa84$ @313720/0207$

BPC7=26=@=1B0$ N87$ 070;0$ O#68782/#@8B87Q$ (0.3$ LC7#1"82#781$ @0>8S$ P2/0B3C3$

6#41P2Pa84$ P2010420731$ 4=220132/0@3$ >0281B#$ #C868/81$ [email protected]$ @L.$ 4P1=@=$

P20N82#"#4687Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ 0;13$ #C868/$ B#1#;8/8181$ N:6:1$ LC7#1"82#7#$

;0J06320N82/#@8$ 8R81$ 4=22013201$ @8@6#/2#781$ N:6:1$ 4=22013"3207B0$ /#M"=6$

P2B=C=1B01$#/81$P2=1/023B37Q$

I#7@2#7$ @#107;P20J63732B34601$ @P170$ N=1207$ N0.3$ 68"078$ ;0.323/207$

070"323C3;20$N82O8@0;07$P760/31B0$0468e2#J6878287Q$(=$0J0/0;0$:7#68/$0J0/0@3$B0$

B#1#N8287Q$(=$0J0/0$4=7@=1$8R#7B8C8$#6482#J8/$B#7#"#@81#$OL7#$.P720J/0460$;0$

B0$4P20;20J/0460B37Q$$

! bH$

VC7#1/#$ 1#@1#2#78181$ N87#7$ N87#7$ >0.37201/0@3$ M#$ N=120731$

N872#J68782#7#4$ N:6:1$ N87$ #C868/$ /06#7;028181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ 0/0"3;20$ R#J8628$

;0.3/$070R2073$4=220132/0460B37Q$(=$070R207E$/#681$@=1=/2073E$O70e842#7E$8.2#/#$

M#$ N0C20163207$ O8N8$ N87$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3131$ 6:/$S07R0207313$ N87$ 070;0$ 6PS20;01$

#6482#J8/28$#C868/$/06#7;022#7818$P2=J6=7/0B0$4=22013201$;0.323/$S7PO70/2073B37$

(Sanal Kampüs, 2004). $

I#7@$;0.3/$070R2073E$@0B#"#$#KLC7#1/#$4=7@2073131$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$8R81$

:7#682#1$ L.#2$ 0/0R23$ ;0.323/207B37Q$ 98S84$ N87$ B#7@$ ;0.3/$ 070"3;20$ @0;e0207$

P2=J6=7=20N8287E$/#681E$O70e84$M#$B8C#7$070R207$#42#1#N8287$M#$LC7#1"82#781$O:M#128$

N87$ J#482B#$ BP20J3/313$ @0C20;0"04$ @0;e0$ M#$ B#7@$ P7O018.0@;P1=$ ;0S320N8287Q$

D;73"0$N0.3$4=7@$;0.3/$070R20731B0$6#@6$>0.3720/0E$O#78$N82B878/$@0C20/0E$1P6$

6048S$ @8@6#/8$ M#$ 70SP720/0$ O8N8$ L.#22842#7$ B#$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ V.#22842#$ /#681$

0C3723423$#KLC7#1/#$4=7@2073131$P2=J6=7=2/0@31B0$c#N$@86#@8$;0.3/$070R2073131$

B0$ ;0;O31$ P20704$ 4=220132B3C3$ OL7:2/#46#B87Q$ D@231B0$ RPC=$ #KLC7#1/#$ 4=7@=$

N87$ R#J86$ O#28J68782/8JE$ L.#2$ 0/0R23$c#N$ @86#@8B87$ M#$ N=$ 070R207$ 070"323C3;20$ B0$

4=7@207E$;07063"3$018/0@;P1207$P2=J6=7=20N82/#46#B87$hdP76P1$M#$dP76P1E$FGGîQ$$

X8;0@0B0$ N87RP4$ 8J2#M@#2$ ;0.3/$ 070"3$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ (=120731$ RPC=$

e0.20$ 6#4184$ N82O8;#$ O#7#4$ B=;/[email protected]$ 4=2201320N82#"#4$ 070R207B37Q$ 50;O31$

P20704$ 4=22013201$ B#7@$ ;0.3/$ 070R2073$ 070@31B0E$ ?0"7P/#B80$ D=6>P7m07#E$

I0..2#7?0ZE$ 9PP2(PZ$ M#$ c#N$ <P=7@#$ (=82B#7$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$

?0"7P/#B80$ :7:12#781B#1$ I7#0/m#0M#7$ 0@2#1$ N87$ m#N$ @86#@8$ ;0.3/$ 070"3$

P2/0@310$ 70C/#1$ #KLC7#1/#$ 60@073/"3207310$ @=1B=C=$ <P=7@#(=82B#7E$

*#07181O$ T86#$ O8N8$ #4$ >8./#62#7$ 1#B#18;2#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/3$ 020131B0$ B0$ ;0;O31$

P20704$4=220132/0460B37Q$

WPVP)5<`dI;K;)+_GHYJ)

(87$#KLC7#1/#$S7PO70/3131$N0J073;20$=;O=201/0@3E$@:7#"81$N0J31B01$

868N07#1$ @P1$ B#7#"#$ N8281R28$ M#$ @8@6#/28$ N87$ J#482B#$ S201201/3J$ P2/0@310$

N0C23B37Q$ T6706#a82#78E$ >#B#e2#78$ M#$ @601B0762073$ 8;8$ N#2872#1/8JE$ O#7#428$ N:6:1$

BP1013/2073$ @0C201/3J$N87$#KLC7#1/#$S7PO70/3E$=;O=20/0$@:7#"81B#$O#7#428$

LC7#68/@#2$ B013J/01234$ M#$ 6#4184$ B#@6#4$ >8./#62#7$ B#$ M#782B8C8$ 604B87B#E$

/=62040$N0J073;0$=20J0"04637Q$$

! b\$

WPVPOP)#QGHFJKNHI):;DRTK;DIRZ)eJbKHFIHGJ)

VC7#1"82#781$ RPC=12=420$ #KLC7#1/#$ P760/31B0$ R023J/0$ N#"#782#78$

0R3@31B01$ ;L12#1B8782/#2#78$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (0.3$ LC7#1"82#7$ 8R81$ #KLC7#1/#$

P760/3131$ O#7#4687B8C8$ R023J/0$ B8@8S2818$ P2B=4R0$ @67#@28$ P20N82/#46#B87Q$ (=$

1#B#12#E$ @343163$ ;0J0;01$ LC7#1"82#7#E$ .0/01$ ;L1#68/8E$ @67#@$ ;L1#68/8E$ 1P6$

6=6/0E$ P4=/0E$ 6#@6$ RL./#$ O8N8$ 4P1=207B0$ B#@6#4$ M#782/#@8$ P2B=4R0$ e0;B023$

P20"04637$hA>01E$FGGGiQ$$

j#782#"#4$ N=$ O8N8$ LC7#68/@#2$ B013J/01234$ >8./#62#78E$ LC7#1"82#781$

/06#7;02$ :.#781B#48$ >048/8;#62#7818$ M#$ LC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#781#$ =20J/0207313$

@0C20;0"04E$N=120731$@P1="=$P20704$B0$#B81B842#78$N82O82#78$LC7#68/$P760/31B01$

8J$P760/310$046070N82/#2#78$6#/81$#B82/8J$P20"04637Q$$

WPVPVP)&HZDJZ):HNFHZ)eJbKHFIHGJ)

W1281#$ #C868/2#7B#E$ Y16#7f816701#6U81$ LC7#68/$ 070"3$ P20704$ 4=220132/0@3$

1#B#18;2#$ LC7#68/$ /06#7;022#78$ M#$ #6482#J8/$ @6706#a82#78181$ 6#4184$ S#7eP7/01@$

:.#781B#$ B#$ #648@8$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ <0123$ N0C2016320731$ 4=7=2/0@3E$ M8B#P$

4P1e#701@$ O8N8$ 0468M86#2#7$ ;0S320"04@0$ @=1="=$ kapasitesinin buna göre

0763732/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ D1"04E$ N=$ B=7=/$ BP1013/$ /028;#62#78181$

;:4@#2/#@81#$ 1#B#1$ P2/0460B37Q$ I8C#7$ ;01B01E$ ;:4@#4$ 40S0@86#28$ M8B#P$ M#$

/:.84$ N#1.#78$ BP@;020731$ ;:42#1/#@8$ 6#4184$ 0R3B01$ @P7=12070$ ;P2$

açabilmekte, bu gibi yüklenmes8$ .P7$ P201$ LC#2#781$ @34$ 4=22013/3$ LC7#1"82#781$

#C868/B#1$@PC=/0@310$;P2$0R0N82/#46#B87$hX0@@#7818$M#$+701O#7E$FGGGiQ$

9#4184$ B#@6#4$ >8./#62#78E$ #C868/$ #@10@31B0$ 407J320J320N82#"#4$

P2=/@=.2=42073$ #1$ 0.0$ 81B87O#/#4$ 0R3@31B01$ P2B=4R0$ e0;B023B37Q$ IP20;3@3;20E$

N=$ >8./#681$ S20120/0@3$ 60@073/$ 0J0/0@31B0$ P2=J6=7=2/023B37Q$ X20120/0$

;0S074#1$ L71#C81$ @=1="=$ N0C20163@3131$ 4#@82/#@8E$ 0C31$ RL4/#@8E$

M#7860N013131$ 073.0201/0@3$ O8N8$ 407J320J320N82#"#4$ #1$ 4L6:$ P2=/@=.2=4207$

>#@0S201/023B37Q$ 9#4184$ B#@6#4$ 0;73"0$ LC7#1"82#781$ N0C201/0E$ BP@;0$

;:42#/#E$ MNQ$ @P7=12073131$ B0$ 0131B0$ RL.:/#$ =20J63732/0@313$ @0C20;0"04637Q$

TP1=R$ P20704$ N:6:1$ N=$ P20@3234207$ OL.$ L1:1B#$ N=2=1B=7=20704$ 0"82$ B=7=/$

! b]$

#;2#/$ S2012073$ P2=J6=7=2/023B37Q$ dP76P1$ hFGGGE$ @Qb_î$ 6070e31B01$ NL;2#$ N87$

S20131$P2=J6=7=2/0@3$8R81$0J0C3B048$4P1=20731$87B#2#1/#@8$L1#782/#46#B87k$$

"! VC7#1"82#7$#C868/8$020N82/#2#78$8R81$O#7#428$P201$070R$M#$6#41P2Pa82#78$

10@32$6#/81$#B#"#42#7t$

"! VC7#1"82#781$ N=$ 070R$ M#$ 6#41P2Pa82#7#$ 828J481$ @P7=207313$ 48/$

"#M0S201B370"04t$

"! VC7#1"82#7$S7PN2#/$;0J0B3420731B0$48/B#1$;07B3/$020"04207t$

"! !C86/#12#7$M#$;L1#68"82#7$070R207$M#$6#41P2Pa82#7$>04431B0$10@32$N87$

#C868/#$60N8$6=6=20"04207t$

!C868/$#@10@31B0$LC7#1"82#781$4#1B8$@P7=1207313$RL./#2#781#$;07B3/"3$

P20N82#"#4$N0.3$B#@6#4$40;104207$J=1207B37$hdP76P1E$HG\E$@QHG\ik$

"! 9#/#2$S7P@#B:7$M#$070R2073$8R#7#1$q;07B3/r$/#1:@:E$

"! T34R0$@P7=201$@P7=207$/#1:@:E$

"! Kurs içerisinde yönergeler,$

"! 9#4184$S7PN2#/2#7#$828J481$60763J/0$O7=S2073E$

"! !6482#J8/28$@P7=1$O8B#7/#$4320M=.=E$

"! 507B3/$/0@0@310$#78J8/$@0062#78E$O#7#428$#78J8/$N82O82#78E$

"! 507B3/$ 602#N81B#$ N=2=1/04$ ;0$ B0$ S7PN2#/2#78$ 70SP720/04$ 8R81$

#C868/$;L1#68/$@8@6#/8Q$

WPWP):HQHGIHDMJGKH)+_GHYJ)

I#C#72#1B87/#E$ N87J#;81$ L1#/818E$ B#C#7818$ M#$ 0120/313$ N#2872#/#;#$

;070;01$ @8@6#/28$ N87$ @:7#R687Q$ I#C#72#1B87/#E$ N87$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3131$ B#C#78E$

8J2#728C8$M#$@0C20B3C3$e0;B020720$82O828$@P7=20731$"#M0S201/0@310$;07B3/"3$P20704$

N=120731$8;82#J68782/#@8$M#$O#28J68782/#@818$@0C207Q$$

WPWPOP):HQHGIHDMJGKH)&_GIHGJ)

!C868/$ S7PO70/2073$ M#$ 4=7@8;#72#781$ O#28J8/8181$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@818$

biçimlendirici ve bütünleyic8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ P2/04$ :.#7#$ 848$ ;P220$

O#7R#42#J687/#4$/:/4:1B:7Q$$

! b_$

(8R8/2#1B878"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#181$ L1"#28428$ 0/0"3E$ :7:1:1E$ >8./#681$ ;0$

B0$ @:7#"81$ @:7#428$ P20704$O#28J68782/#@8E$ 8;82#J68782/#@8B87$ h(#201O#7$ M#$vP7B01E$

FGGGiQ$(=$1#B#12#E$N8R8/2#1B878"8$B#C#7lendirme program süresince, herhangi

N87$0J0/0B0$;0S320N82#"#4$@:7#428$M#$B#M0/23$N87$@:7#R687Q$(=$@:7#R$8R#78@81B#$

L71#C81$ 4=7@$ /06#7;0281B#48$ NPJ2=4207E$ >060207$ ;0$ B0$ 4=7@8;#72#781$ /06#7;028$

40M70/0B0$ ;0J0B342073$ @343163207$ 6#@S86$ #B82#N8287$ M#$ #C86/#12#781$ O#7#428$

B:.#26/#2#78$;0S/0$8/4013$P2=7$hX022Pee$M#$X7066E$[``ìQ$

(8R8/2#1B878"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ :R$ 0J0/0B01$ /#;B010$ O#287Q$ (8781"8$

0J0/0B0$ =./01207B01$ 60@0720101$ S7PO70/31$ 6#4184$ 40286#@8$ >04431B0$ N82O8$

6PS20137Q$ )481"8$M#$:R:1":$0J0/0207B0$ 8@#$O#28J68782#1$LC7#68/$/06#7;028$>#B#e$

4862#;8$ 6#/@82$ #B#1$ e07423$ LC7#1"8$ O7=S2073$ :.#781B#$ B#1#187$ h50231E$ FGGbiQ$

j#782#7E$ 014#6E$ 4=22013"3$ PB04$ O7=S2073E$ OL7:J/#E$ MNQ$ ;L16#/2#7$ 070"323C3;20$

6PS20137Q$

(:6:12#;8"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 8@#$ :7:1:1E$ >8./#681$ ;0$ B0$ @:7#"81$ @P1$

B#C#72#1B87/#@8$ P2=S$ 60/0/201/3J$ N87$ R023J/0;3$ L.#62#7$ M#$ B0>0$ RP4$

040B#/84$ 4=7=2=J207B0$ 4=22013201$ N87$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ ;L16#/8B87$ h(#201O#7$ M#$

vP7B01E$FGGGiQ$$

(:6:12#;8"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ LC7#1"8181$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3$ M#$ #C86/#12#$

ilgili memnuniyetini ölçmekte an"04$LC7#1"8181$LC7#1/#@8;2#$ 82O828$B810/842#78$

B#C#72#1B87/#@8$/:/4:1$P2/0/0460B37Q$$

(87$ P1281#$ 4=7@=1$ @0B#"#$ N:6:12#;8"8$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ ;L16#/8$

4=2201320704$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ LC7#6/#$ M#$ LC7#1/#;2#$ 82O828$ RP4$ L1#/28$ N0.3$

40M70/20731$OL7/#/#.2846#1$O#281/#@8$0120/310$O#2/#46#B87Q$(=$1#B#12#72#E$

#C#7$ #C86/#12#7$ 6070e31B01$ 8JN8728C81#$ B0;023E$ @:7#428$ O#28J#1$ N87$ @:7#R$

=;O=201/04$8@6#18;P7@0$>#/$N8R8/2#1B878"8$>#/$B#$N:6:12#;8"8$B#C#72#1B87/#$

;L16#/2#78181$N87$070B0$4=220132/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$

WPWPVP)!"#QGHFJKJD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ)

W1281#$ #C868/2#781$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ 0/0R$ 0;1#1$ O#2#1#4@#2$

#C868/2#7B#$ P2B=C=$ O8N8$ LC7#1/#$ >#B#e2#781#$ =20J323S$ =20J32/0B3C313$ P760;0$

4P;/04E$LC7#68/$0468M86#@8181$O#28J68782/#@818$@0C20/04$ 8R81$4=22013201$;L16#/$

! b`$

M#$ /02.#/#2#781$ #648128C818$ @0S60/04637Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#$ B#C#72#1B87/#181$ 6:/$

@:7#R$8R81B#E$N8R8/2#1B878"8$M#$N:6:12#;8"8$B#C#72#1B87/#2#7$4=2201320704$@:7#428$

P20704$ ;0S32/0@3$ #@0@637Q$ W1281#$ #C868/2#7E$ L1"#2842#E$ ;070663C3$ B=;=J@02E$

N828J@#2E$ B0M7013J@02$ M#$ L7O:6$ NP;=620731B048$ #6482#78$ 0R320731B01$

B#C#72#1B8782#N82/#46#B87Q$ I8C#7$ N87$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ NP;=6=$ 8@#$ #C868/$

/06#7;028181$#6482828C8$M#$4=22013J2323C310$828J481$;0S3201$B#C#72#1B87/#B87Q$$

WPWPVPOP)!QJFJKJD)!FZJNJDJD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ)^4JGZX;FGJYZ)(>MHIJa)

Bütün süreçlerin süre428$ P20704$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@818$ @0C20;01$ e07423$

e07423$ 4786#72#781$ L2R:6$ P20704$ 0231B3C3$ N87RP4$ /PB#2$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ D@231B0$

RPC=$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ /PB#281B#E$ IP102B$ A874S0678"4$ 6070e31B01$ O#28J68782/8J$

P201$ M#$ #C868/81$ #648@818$ B=;=J@02E$ N828J@#2E$ B0M7013J@02$ ve örgüt düzeyinde

P2/04$ :.#7#$ BL76$ 0J0/023$ J#482B#$ B#C#72#1B87#1$ /PB#2$ 6#/#2$ 0231/0460B37Q$

A874S0678"4U81$BL76$0J0/023$420@84$B#C#72#1B87/#$/PB#28$@P1$B#7#"#$#@1#4$N87$

;0S3;0$ @0>8S$ P2=S$ [`H`$ ;3231B0E$ N82O8@0;0720731$ /82;P1$ BP2072070$ /02P2B=C=E$

0C372342073131$ 6P120720$ 8e0B#$#B82B8C8$ M#$ q0Cr$ 4#28/#@8181$N82O8@0;07207$ 8R81$ B#C82$

@0B#"#$ 6#2#M8.;P1207$ 8R81$ 4=220132B3C3$ N87$ BL1#/B#$ O#28J68782/8J$ M#$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#181$B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$8R81$B#$L1#/28$N87$R#7R#M#$P2=J6=7/=J6=7Q$$

&*02?)WPOP)4,%4B*&%,.4h'3):#%&)*6*(*2,):!$!%2!3:'%(!)(?:!2')

:HQHGIHDMJGKH)*T;K;NR) 3H<J)#IUHGi)

O) 9#S48$ A=7@8;#72#781$ #C868/#$ 407J3$ 6=6=/2073E$ >PJ1=62=4$@#M8;#2#7818$

V) VC7#1/#$ (82O8E$ N#"#78$ M#$ 6=6=/$ 0R3@31B01$ /#;B010$ O#2#1$B#C8J842842#78$

W) X#7eP7/01@$h-;O=20/0i$ )J$ N0J31B048$ B0M7013J$ B#C8J842842#78$ 82#$ #C868/81$ 8J$S#7eP7/01@310$#648@818$

[) TP1=R207$h)J#$501@3/0@3i$ )J$ >#B#e2#781#$ =20J323S$ =20J32/0B3C3E$ @P1=R20731$4=7=/$0R3@31B01$40723$P2=S$P2/0B3C3$

$$A0;104k$X>828S@E$[``È$@Q[b\$

A874S0678"4U81$ BL76$ 0J0/023$ B#C#72#1B87/#$/PB#28$ h90N2P$ ^Q[QiE$ 6#S48E$

LC7#1/#E$S#7eP7/01@$M#$@P1=R207$P2/04$:.#7#$BL76$0J0/0B01$P2=J/0460B37Q$

$

! HG$

0JGJDYJ)*T;K;)")&HXZJDJD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ/)

A=7@8;#72#781$ #C868/#$ 828J481$ >8@@#66842#7818E$ 6#S482#7818$ >#/#1$ L2R/#;8$

0/0R207Q$ !C868/B#1$ >PJ2013S$ >PJ201/0B342073$ M#$ >0660$ #C868/8$ 60/0/20;3S$

60/0/20/0B34207313$ 6#@S86$ #B#7Q$ (8781"8$ 0J0/0$ B#C#72#1B87/#E$ LC7#1"82#781$

P1281#$4=7@=$02/0$N#"#782#78E$70>062342073$M#$4#1B82#781#$O:M#12#78181$L2R:2/#@8E$

#4@84$ /P68M0@;P12=$ LC7#1"82#7$ 82#$ 4=7@$ 40S@0/31B0$ /P68M0@;P1$ =1@=72073131$

0763732/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ NL2:/2#781$ N#2872#1/#@8E$ 4=7@=1$ L.#22842#78$ ;0$ B0$ @=1=/$

J#42818$ O#28J687/#4$ 8R81$ O#78$ N82B878/$ 0231/0@313$ @0C207$ hdP76P1E$ FGG[iQ$ (8781"8$

0J0/0$B#C#72#1B87/#$8R81$O#2#1#4@#2$@313e$#C868/2#781B#$M#782#7E$*84#76$L2R#428$

014#62#7E$ #C868/$ @P1=1B0$ 4=7@8;#72#72#$ ;0S3201$ OL7:J/#2#7$ 070"323C3;20$

6PS201/0460B37Q$ !KLC7#1/#181$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ B#$ 0;13$ J#482B#$ N=$

070R20731$ P1281#$ M#7@8;P12073$ 82#$ eP7=/$P760/2073131$ 4=220132/0@3$/:/4:1B:7Q$

(=$B#C#72#1B87/#$68S8181$@:7#R$8R81B#$B#M0/23$=;O=201/0@3E$8R#784E$60@073/$;0$

B0$ >#7N87$ /PB:2$ >04431B0$ 023101$ O#78$ N82B878/2#7$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ RP4$ B0>0$

N82O82#1B878"8$P2=S$BPC7=$N82O82#781$#B8182/#@818$@0C20;0"04637Q$

'ZJDYJ)*T;K;)")#QGHDKHDJD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ/)

+#7#4$ N828J@#2$ O#7#4$ N#"#78$ NP;=620731B0E$ 4=7@8;#72#78n gerçekte ne

40B07$ LC7#1B842#7818$ L2R#7Q$ +:1:/:.B#$ LC7#1#1$ L7O:6$ 40M70/3131$ O86684R#$

07601$L1#/8$B#$#C868/$S7PO70/2073$@P1="=1B0$LC7#1/#181$L2R:2/#@818$O#7#428$

N87$ 0468M86#$ >0281#$ O#687/8J687Q$ V.#22842#E$ R023J0120731$ 8J$ S#7eP7/01@207313$

#6482#;#"#4$ N0.3$ L1#/28$ N82O82#78$ M#$ N#"#782#78$ ;0$ B0$ B8C#7$ N87$ 6043/$ 6#4184$

N82O82#78$ #B81/#2#78$ N#42#1B8C81B#$ 8481"8$ 0J0/0$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 40R3132/0.$

P2/0460B37Q$ (:6:1$ N=12070$ 70C/#1E$ LC7#1/#181$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$

4=7@8;#72#781$ N=$ N82O8$ M#$ N#"#782#78$ 8J2#781#$ ;01@360"04207313$ O070168$

#6/#/#46#B87$hX>8228S@E$[``ìQ$$

!KLC7#1/#E$ O#2#1#4@#2$ @313e$ 8R8$ LC7#1/#B#$ P2B=C=$ O8N8$ 6#@62#7$

070"323C3;20$ B#C#72#1B8782/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 6#@62#7E$ 6013/0;3$ L2R#1$ RP4601$ @#R/#28$

@P7=207E$ >063720/0;3$ @0C20;01$ NPJ2=4$ BP2B=7/0$ ;0$ B0$ 43@0$ "#M0S23$ @P7=207E$

S7PN2#/$RL./#E$/#681$;0.B37/0E$7#@8/$@#R/#E$@#R#1#42#78$#J2#J687/#E$L71#4$

P20;$ R023J/02073$ ;0$ B0$ N0.3$ S70684$ =;O=20/023$ @P7=$ 68S2#781B#1$

P2=J0N82/#46#B87Q$ (87$ =.04601$ #C868/$ 4=7@=1B0$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 4=7@=1$ >#7$

! H[$

0J0/0@31B0E$ @34$ @34$ ;0S32/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N87$ 0468M8tedir. Böylece kursiyerlere

O#28J8/2#7818$ 6048S$ #6/#$ M#$ #C868/B#1$ ;0$ B0$ @8@6#/B#1$ 020"042073$

O#78N82B878/2#7$ 070"323C3;20$ #4@842#7818$ O8B#7/#$ 8/4013$ 60131/3J$ P20"04637$

h(#201O#7$M#$vP7B01E$FGGGiQ$

-U_DY_)*T;K;)")BHG=>GK;DNRD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ/)

!B8182#1$ N82O8$ M#$ N#"#782#781$ 8J$ P760/310$ 6701@e#7818$ L2R#7Q$ D/0RE$

LC7#182#1$N82O8$M#$N#"#782#781$1#$B#7#"#B#$ 8J$>0;06310$M#fM#;0$O:12:4$>0;060$

04607323S$ 0460732/0B3C313$ N#2872#/#4687Q$ (L;2#$ N87$ 8.2#/#$ R023J/0@3$ P2B=4R0$

.0/01$ 0237E$ /028;#62#78$ ;:4@#2687$ M#$ RPC=12=420$ >0;02$ 4373423C3$ ;07060N8287Q$ (=$

1#B#12#72#E$ L.#22842#$ M#782#1$ #C868/81$ 8J$ N0J31B048$ S#7eP7/01@3$ 07637/0;0$

;L1#284$ P2B=C=$ B=7=/207B0E$ S#7eP7/01@$ B#C#72#1B87/#@8181$ =;O=201/0@3$

;#781B#$ P20"04637Q$ (=$ 0J0/0B048$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ ;L16#/2#78$ 070@31B0$ 8J$

N0J31B0$ OL.2#/$ ;0S32/0@3E$ ;L1#68"8$ OL7:J2#78181$ 0231/0@3E$ 8J$ S#7eP7/01@$

70SP72073131$ 81"#2#1/#@8E$ N87$ 4P167P2$ O7=S20$ S#7eP7/01@31$ 6#@6$ #B82/#@8E$

4=7@8;#72#7$6070e31B01$>0.3720101$#;2#/$S2012073131$8.2#1/#@8$;0$B0$N82O8@0;07$

@8/:20@;P12073$ 070"323C3;20$ S#7eP7/01@31$ 6#@6$ #B82/#@8$ N=2=1/0460B37$

hX8@4=78">$M#$B8C#72#78E$FGGGiQ$$

:\GM_DY_)*T;K;)")+>DdUI;GRD)^'TH)1;DNRK;a):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ/)

VC7#1/#181$8J$@P1=R207310$P201$#648@818$L2R#7$M#$#C868/81$8J$>0;063;20$

82O828$ @P1=R2073;20$ 82O82#187Q$ D/0RE$ 8J2#$ 82O828$ 8>68;0R20731$ 407J32013S$

407J3201/0B3C3E$ 4=7=/=1$ 40;1042073131$ BPC7=$ N87$ ;06373/0$ BL1:J6:7:2:S$

BL1:J6:7:2/#B8C818$ L2R/#4687Q$ 5L1#68"82#7$ O#1#22842#$ #C868/$ M#$ O#28J687/#$

0468M86#2#78181$ @P1=1B0E$ :7#68/B#$ M#$M#78/282846#$ 0763JE$ 40286#B#$O#28J/#E$B0>0$

0.$ .0/01B0$ B0>0$ RP4$ 8J81$ ;0S32/0@3$ O8N8$ B0>0$ @P/=6$ N87$ 6043/$ @P1=R207$

OL7/#4$ 8@6#72#7Q$ )J$ S#7eP7/01@310$ R#J8628$ e046L72#7$ #648$ #B#N82B8C81B#1$

;0S320"04$B#C#72#1B87/#181E$#C868/81$#6482#78;2#$B8C#7$#6482#78$0;73J63737$186#2846#$

P2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#E$ 8J#$ ;L1#284$ @P/=6$ @P1=R20720$ #C868/$ M#$

O#28J687/#$ 0468M86#2#78$ 070@31B048$ N0C20163;3$ 4=7/04$ P2B=4R0$ .P7E$ /0@70e23$ M#$

.0/01$023"3$N87$@:7#R$P2/0460B37Q$X>8228S@$h[``È$@Q[HGi$ 6070e31B01E$BL7B:1":$

0J0/0131$ N87$ 4=7=2=J60$ M#782#1$ #C868/2#781$ #1$ e0.20$ w$ [GU=10$ =;O=201/0@3$

önerilmek6#B87Q$$

! HF$

(=$ BL76$ 0J0/0$ 8R#78@81B#$ #1$ ;0;O31$ P20704$ 4=220132013$ =;O=20/0$

4P20;23C3$ 1#B#18;2#$ 6#S48181$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8B87Q$ D1"04$ @P1=R20731$ B#C#78$

B:J:46:7Q$ VC7#1/#181E$ S#7eP7/0@31$ M#$ 8J#$ ;01@3/0131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8181$

4=22013/3$ 8@#$ =;O=20/0$ .P72=C=$ M#$ /02iyet yükü getirmesi nedeniyle pek

;0;O31$ B#C82B87Q$ D1"04$ B#C#72#1B87/#181$ B#C#78$ >#7$ N87$ 0J0/0$ #42#1B84R#$

B0>0$RP4$076/0460B37Q$$

A874S0678"4U81$ BL76$ 0J0/023$ B#C#72#1B87/#$/PB#28181$ P2B=4R0$SPS:2#7$

P2/0@3131$ N87RP4$ 1#B#18$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ (=1207B01$ 8248$ /PB#281E$ #C868/81$

B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ 4P1=@=10$ @8@6#/0684$ P20704$ ;0420J/0$ 8/4013$ M#7/#@8B87Q$

?PB#2E$ #C868/$ @P1=R2073$ M#$ #C868/$ 40S@0/31B0$ =20J3201$ >#B#e2#78$ @0S60/04$

0B310$ BPC7=B01$ N87$ @8@6#/$ 4=7/=J6=7Q$ )481"8$ P20704E$ 8J#$ ;01@3/0131$

B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ 0J0/0@3131$ @0C20B3C3$ N#68/2#;8"8$ N82O82#7$ O:1:/:.:1$

7#40N#6#$ B0;023$ P760/31B0$ P2B=4R0$ B#C#728$ M#782#781$ #2B#$ #B82/#@818$

@0C20/0460$ M#$ #C868/81$ L7O:6@#2$ N0J073;0$ 40643@313$ @P/=6$ P20704$ OL.2#/#;8$

/:/4:1$ 432/0460B37Q$ ?PB#281$ B8C#7$ N87$ P2=/2=$ ;L1:$ 8@#$ B#C#72#1B87/#$

ölçütl#7818$ 81B87O#;#7#4$ @0B#"#$ BL76$ 406#OP78B#$ M#78181$ 6PS201/0@313$ M#$

M#782#781$#C868/$60/0/201B34601$@P170$6PS201/0@313$L1OL7/#@8B87Q$(=$J#482B#$

L2R:/$ B0>0$ 4P20;20J/0460$ M#$ L.#22842#$ #C868/B#1$ L1"#$ LC7#1/#$ ;0$ B0$ 8J$

N0J31B048$ S#7eP7/01@0$ 828J481$ N0.3$ L2R:/2#781$ ;0S32/0@310$ O#7#4$

402/0/0460B37$h(06#@E$FGGbiQ$

A874S0678"4$ /PB#28E$ @P1=R$ PB0423$ P2/0@3E$ #C868/81$ #6482828C8181$ e07423$

e07423$ L2R:62#7$ 070"323C3;20$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@818E$ LC7#1/#$ M#$ =;O=20/0$ ;018$

LC7#182#12#781$ 8J#$ ;01@3/0@3131$ L2R:2/#@818$ L1OL7/#@8$ 0R320731B01$

B#C#72#1B87/#$020131B0$;0;O31$P20704$4=220132/0460B37Q$

WPWPVPVP)#QGHFJK)1;bRIRKRDRD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ)

VC7#68/$ ;0.323/2073131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8E$ B8C#7$ O#2#1#4@#2$ LC7#68/$

/06#7;022#78181$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81#$ 43;0@20$ B0>0$ 407/0J34$ M#$ .P7$ N87$ @:7#"8$

40S@0/0460B37Q$ (=$ B=7=/E$ LC7#68/$ ;0.323/2073131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ e07423$

e07423$ N87RP4$ 4786#781$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$ O#7#42828C81B#1$ 40;104201/0460B37Q$

50S3201$ N87$ 070J637/0;0$ OL7#$ LC7#68/$ ;0.323/2073131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$

OL.L1:1#$ 0231/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ FGGUB#1$ e0.20$ 4786#7$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ D1"04E$

! H^$

LC7#68/$ ;0.323/2073131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ 4=22013201$ 4786#72#78$ 0263$ N0J234$

02631B0$6PS20/04$/:/4:1B:7$hX8""801PE$[``bE$@Q[^bik$

K$!C868/@#2$#6481284E$

K$A=22013/$4P20;23C3E$

K$50.323$/06#7;022#781$M#$4=22013"3$4860S2073131$186#28C8$M#$18"#28C8E$

K$IP1013/$L.#22842#78E$

K$g7#68"8$e87/0131$6#4184$;07B3/$M#$N043/$@0C20/0$40S0@86#@8E$

K$p8;06Q$

!KLC7#1/#181$BPC0@3$O#7#C8E$ N82O8$ M#$N#"#782#7$LC7#1"82#7#$N82O8@0;07$

M#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/2073$ 070"323C3;20$ @=1=2/0460B37Q$ (=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ #C868/81$

N0J073;0$ =20J/0@3$ 8R81E$ 4=22013201$ =.04601$ #C868/$ ;0.323/3131E$ #6482828C8$ M#$

4=22013J2323C3131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ M#$ 4=22013"3$ ;018$ LC7#1"82#781$ #C868/$

/06#7;0281#$828J481$/#/1=18;#62#78181$6#@S86$#B82/#@8$RP4$L1#/28B87Q$$

(87$ LC7#68/$ ;0.323/3131$ #C86@#2$ #648128C8$ O#1#22842#$ BL76$ 6#/#2$ 4786#7$

40S@0/31B0$ B#C#72#1B8782/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 4786#72#7E$ LC7#68/@#2$ =;O=12=4E$ #C868/$

S7PO70/3$ 82#$ P201$ =;O=12=4E$ N8R8/@#2$ h4P./#684i$ #6481284$ M#$ S7PO70/20/0$

=;O=12=C=$N0J2342073$02631B0$6PS201/0460B37$h%0>81$M#$532B373/E$[``ìk$

#QGHFJKNHI) 5<`dDIdZ/$ (=$ 4786#7E$ #C868/81$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#7818$

LC7#1"82#7#$ 40.01B37/04$ 0/0"3;20$ 4=22013201$ LC7#68/@#2$ #64812842#781$

=;O=12=C=;20$ 82O828B87Q$ (=$ 4786#781$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$

O#7#4#1$824#2#7$J=1207B37k$$

"! 50.323/31$ 4=22013/3$ 8R81$ O#7#428$ 0R3420/0207$ 0R34$ M#$ BPC7=$ N87$

J#482B#$M#782/#28B87s$$

"! I#7@E$ N#2872#1#1$ >#B#e2#7$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ 60@07201/023E$ LC7#68/@#2$

#64812842#7$N=$>#B#e2#78$O#7R#42#J6878"8$186#2846#$P2/023B37s$$

"! I#7@81$043J$@370@3$4P20;23420$6048S$#B82#N8287$M#$/0163423$P2/023B37s$$

"! I#7@81$ 8R#78C8E$ 4=22013201$ B82$ M#$ 012063/$ J#428$ BPC7=$ M#$ 0120J3237$

P2/023B37s$$

"! VC7#68/@#2$e0028;#62#7$M#$@:7#R$#6481$P20704$4=220132/023E$LC7#1"82#7$

>#B#e2#7#$=20J634601$@P170$O#7#4@8.$N82O8$M#7/#46#1$40R3132/023B37Q$

! Hb$

!QJFJK) BG>`G;KRD;) 5<`dDIdZ/$ (=$ 4786#7E$ LC7#68/$ #64812842#78181$

#C868/$S7PO70/31B0$N#2872#1/8J$ @601B0762070$ =;O=12=C=;20$ 82O828B87Q$(=$ 4786#781$

B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$B84406#$0231/0@3$O#7#4#1$824#2#7$J=1207B37k$$

"! 50.323/E$ 82O828$B#7@2#72#$ 6=60723$P2/023E$/:e7#B063$B#@6#42#;8"8$;L1B#$

#6481284$M#$LC7#68/$P760/207313$8R#7/#28B87s$$

"! VC7#68/$@:7#"8$M#$#64812842#7$LC7#1"8$N#42#1682#78$82#$L76:J/#28B87s$

"! 50.323/E$ 82O828$ B8C#7$ N87$ ;0.323/31$ O#28J68782/#@81B#$ 6#/#2$

02310N82/#28E$ 4#1B8$ 8R81B#$ O#28J68782/#;#$ M#;0$ ;#18$ N87$ ;0.323/0$

6#/#2$P2=J6=7/0;0$#2M#78J28$P2/023B37s$

"! 50.323/E$43@0$@:7#$8R81B#$#@48;#"#4$N82O82#7$8R#7/#/#28B87s$

"! 50.323/B048$B#7@2#7$L1#782#1$@:7#B#$60/0/2010N82/#28B87s$

"! 50.323/E$4=22013/$0R3@31B01$LC7#1"8;#$#@1#4284$6013/023B37Q$

0JUJKNHI) ^4>bKHFJZa) !FZJDIJZ/$ (=$ 4786#7E$ 4=22013201$ OL7@#2K8J86@#2$

öC#2#781$ 40286#@8;2#$ 82O828B87Q$ (=$ 4786#781$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ B84406#$ 0231/0@3$

O#7#4#1$824#2#7$J=1207B37k$$

"! !4701$ 02013$ #64828$ P20704$ 4=220132/023E$ 8R#78C81$ L1#/28$ =1@=72073$

h/#681E$O70e84E$7#@8/E$MNQi$#6481$P20704$@=1=2/023B37s$$

"! I#7@81$e07423$#47012073$070@31B0$=;=/$M#$6=60723234$P2/023B37s$$

"! !4701B0$@=1=201$N82O82#7$407/0J0;0$;P2$0R/0;0"04$N8R8/B#E$@0B#$

M#$B:.#128$N87$J#482B#$@=1=2/023B37s$$

"! A=22013201$OL7@#2$ M#$ 8J86@#2$=;073"3207$ h7#14E$ @#@E$MNQi$ 82#$L.#22842#7$

LC7#1/#;8$B#@6#42#;8"8$P2/023B37Q$

BG>`G;KI;K;) 5<`dDIdQd/$ (=$ 4786#7E$ ;0.323/31$ 4=22013/3$ @370@31B0$

>#7>01O8$ N87$ 6#4184$ >060$ M#7/#/#@8;2#$ 82O828B87Q$ (=$ 4786#781$

B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$B84406#$0231/0@3$O#7#4#1$824#2#7$J=1207B37k$$

"! 50.323/$S201201B3C3$O8N8$R023J/023B37s$$

"! 50.323/$ S7PO70/20/0$ M#$ 40M70/@02$ >060207B01$ 0731B3732/3J$

P2/023B37s$$

"! 50.323/$4=22013"3131$/:B0>02#@818$#1$0.0$81B87/#28B87s$$

"! 50.323/$40;36E$MNQ$4P1=207B0$O:M#18287$P2/023B37Q$

! HH$

WPWPVPVPOP)4dII;DRTIRIRQRD):HQHGIHDMJGJIKHNJ)

A=22013J23234$ 40M70/3$ 0@2#1$ q4=22013"3;20$ BP@6r$ 40M70/31B01$

6:7#682/8J687Q$A=22013"3;20$BP@6$40M70/3$RP4$O#18J$M#$L.1#2$N87$ 6043/$0120/207$

8R#7B8C8$ 8R81$ ;#781#$ 4=22013J23234$ 40M70/3$ ;0;O31$ P20704$ 40N=2$ OL7/:J6:7Q$

A=22013J23234E$ N87$ @8@6#/81E$ O:M#1828728C8E$ #6482828C8$ M#$ S#7eP7/01@3$ 40S@0/31B0$

4=22013"3131$ 70>06$ #6/#@8$ M#$ /#/1=18;#6818$ 40.01/3J$ P2/0@3B37$ h+>0P=8E$

FGGîQ$(87$@8@6#/81$4=22013J2323C3E$N87$;01B01$4=22013"3207310$48J8@#2$/#/1=18;#6$

@0C2074#1$B8C#7$;01B01$B0$#64828$M#$#6481$P20704$8J2#M2#7818$;:7:6:;P7$P2/0@3$82#$

B#C#72#1B8782/#46#B87Q$ A=22013J2323C31$ L2R:2/#@8E$ N87$ ;0.323/$ ;0$ B0$ N87$ LC7#68/$

/06#7;028181$ 8R#7B8C8$ S7PN2#/2#78E$ .0;3e$ ;0$ B0$ O:R2:$ ;012073E$ O#28J68782/#@8$

O#7#4#1$L.#22842#78$6#@S86$#6/#4$0/0"313$60J3/0460B37Q$$

A=22013J23234E$ 4=22013J23234$ /:>#1B8@28C8$ O8N8$ 40M70/20731$ L1#/81#$

1990’larda ilk kez Shackel tar0e31B01$ B84406$ R#482/8J687Q$ T>0"4#2U#$ OL7#$

4=22013J23234E$ N87$ @8@6#/81$ 4=22013"3@310$OL7#$ B#C8J84284$ OL@6#7#N82#"#4$OL7#"#28$

L.#22842#7B87Q$ (=$ 1#B#12#$ 4=22013J2323C31$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ P760/0$ N0C23$ P2=S$

:7:1:1$L.1#2$P20704$10@32$02O3201B3C3;20$82O828B87Q$I8C#7$N87$;01B01$4=22013J2323C3E$

#6482#J8/$ @:7#"81B#48$ N87$ 6043/$ 1#@1#2$ L2R:62#72#$ B#$ B#C#72#1B87/#4$

/:/4:1B:7Q$T>0"4#2$4=22013J23234$40M70/313$BPC7=B01$N87$6013/$M#7#7#4$B#C82$

B#$N87$:7:1:1$40N=2$OL7/#@818$@0C20;01$L.#22842#781$8e0B#$#B82B8C8$N87$/PB#2$82#$

0R3420/0$ ;P2=10$ O86/8J687Q$ (=$ /PB#2$ M#$ T>0"4#2U81$ 4=22013J23234$ 6013/3$ %#482$

^Q[QUB#$;#7$02/0460B37$hpP2/#7$M#$(P@">E$FGGbiQ$

T>0"4#2U#$ OL7#$ N87$ @8@6#/81$ 4=22013J2323C3$ BL76$ 6#/#2$ L.#228C#$ @0>8S$

P2/0@310$ N0C23B37Q$ (=$ L.#22842#7$ @370@3;20$ #64828284E$ LC7#182#N8287284E$ #@1#4284$ M#$

6=6=/B=7Q$ !64828284E$ OL7#M2#781$ N0J073;20$ 60/0/201/0@31B048$ S#7eP7/01@$

B:.#;818s$ LC7#182#N8287284E$ OL7#M2#781$ 60/0/201/0@3$ @:7#"81B#48$ LC7#1/#$

B:.#;818s$ #@1#4284E$ R#J8628$ OL7#M2#7#$ =;=/$ @0C20;0N82/#$ B:.#;818s$ 6=6=/$ 8@#$

4=22013"3131$@8@6#/B#1$/#/1=18;#6818$8e0B#$#6/#46#B87Q$

! H\$

$

6HZJI)WPO/)+E;YZHIhJD)4dII;DRTIRIRZ)&;DRKR)

D20131$ L1B#$ O#2#1$ N87$ B8C#7$ 8@/8$ &8#2@#1U#$ OL7#s$ N87$ @8@6#/81$ 40N=2$

görmesi o ürünün gerek sosyal gerekse$ =;O=20/0$0R3@31B01$40N=2$ #B828J81#$

N0C23B37Q$ TP@;02$ 40N=2$ OL7/#E$ @8@6#/81$ @P@;02$ 0R3B01$ 07.=20137$ P2=S$

P2/0B3C310$B0;0137$M#$@8@6#/81$#684$4=7022070$N0C2323C3$M#$BPC7=2=C=$82#$82O828B87Q$

V71#C81$ N87$ @8@6#/$ 48J82#781$ L.#2$ N82O82#7818$ 6PS2=;P7$ M#$ N=12073$ 48J82#781$ N82O8@8$

B3J31B0$N0J402073;20$S0;20J3;P7$8@#$N=$B=7=/$@P@;02$0R3B01$07.=201/0;01$N87$

B=7=/B=7$ M#$ @8@6#/81$ 40N=2$ OL7/#@818$ P2=/@=.$ ;L1B#$ #6482#7Q$ I8C#7$ N87$

;01B01E$ =;O=20/0B0$ 40N=2$ OL7/#E$ N87$ @8@6#/81$ /028;#68E$ =;=/2=2=C=E$

O:M#1828728C8$M#$e0;B02323C3;20$82O828B87$M#$L71#C81E$;:4@#4$/028;#628$;0$B0$/#M"=6$

@8@6#/2#72#$ =;=/@=.E$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ e0;B0$ @0C20/0;01$ N87$ @8@6#/81$

=;O=20/0B0$40N=2$OL7/#@8$B:J:4$N87$8>68/02B87$h'8">$M#$B8C#72#78E$FGG[iQ$$

$

6HZJI)WPV/)3JHINHDhJD)4dII;DRTIRIRZ)&;DRKR)

%#482$ ^QFQUB#$ B#$ OL7:2B:C:$ O8N8E$ N87$ @8@6#/81$O#1#2$ P20704$ e0;B02323C3E$

;0707234$ M#$ 4=22013J23234$ P2/04$ :.#7#$ 848$ 6#/#2$ =1@=70$ 0;373237Q$ )24$ =1@=7E$

;0707234E$ N87$ @8@6#/81$ 8J2#M@#228C8$ 82#$ 82O828$ P2=S$ >#B#elenen görevlerin etkili bir

40N=2$#B82#N8287284! güvenilirlik

40N=2$#B82#N8287284!

! H]$

N8R8/B#$ O#7R#42#J68782/#@818$ @0C20;3S$ @0C20/0B3C3;20$ L2R:2:7Q$ )481"8$ =1@=7E$

4=22013J23234$ 8@#E$ 8;8$ 60@07201/3J$ N87$ 070;:.B#$ P2/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ L.#22842#78$

6013/207$ M#$ :7:1:1$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C313$ B#C#72#1B87#1$ N0.3$ 40286#$

özelli42#781B#1$P2=J=7Q$$

A=22013J23234E$60@073/$0J0/0@31B0$4=22013/$4P20;23C313$076373"3$N87$6043/$

L.#22842#7B87$M#$N87$@8@6#/81$4=22013J2323C3$N#J$6#/#2$40286#$L.#228C81#$N0C23B37Q$(=$

L.#22842#7$J=1207B37$h&8#2@#1E$FGGîk$

#QGHDJIHjJIJGIJZ/$ A=22013"3207$ @8@6#/8$ 4=2201/0;0$ >3.23"0$ 0B0S6#$

P2/023E$@8@6#/8$4=2201/0;3$4P20;"0$LC7#1#N82/#28B872#7Q$$

!FZJDIJZ/$ T8@6#/81$ 60@073/3$ #6481$ 4=22013/0$ /:@086$ P2/023B37Q$ (87$

4=22013"3$ @8@6#/8$ 60/$ 0120/3;20$ 4=22010N828;P7$ P2B=C=1B0$ :7#64#1284$ :@6$

@#M8;#B#$O#7R#42#J87Q$

*ZRIM;)4;I;jJIJGIJZ/$T8@6#/$ 60@073/3$>0637B0$4023"3$186#2846#$P2/023B37Q$

-.=1$N87$@:7#$@8@6#/B#1$=.04$40201$N87$4=22013"3$BL1B:C:1B#$N370463C3$;#7B#1$

B#M0/$#B#N82/#28E$@8@6#/8$N0J601$LC7#1/#@81#$O#7#4$402/0/023B37Q$$

e;F;I;G/$T8@6#/81E$4=22013"3131$e0.20$>060$;0S/0@313$önleyici nitelikte,

B:J:4$ >060$ S0;310$ @0>8S$ P2/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ A=22013"3$ >060$ ;0S63C31B0$

6#20e8@8$4P20;$P2/023E$407/0J0;0$;P2$0R0"04$>060207$@L.$4P1=@=$P2/0/023B37Q$

(HKDdDJ<HF/$ T8@6#/81$ 60@073/3E$ 4=22013"32073$ /#/1=1$ #B#"#4$

186#2846#E$70>06$M#$043"3$P2/023B37Q$

TP1=R$P20704E$4=22013J2323C31$B#C#72#1B8782/#@81#$ 828J481$N=O:1#$40B07$

e07423$ e07423$ 4786#72#72#$ e07423$ 6013/20/0207$ ;0S32/3J637Q$(=120731$ P7604$1P4602073$

R#7R#M#@81B#E$ 4=22013J2323C31$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81B#$ ;0;O31$ P20704$ 4=22013201$

N#J$6#/#2$4786#7$M#$026$4786#72#7$L.#6$P20704$90N2P$^QFQUB#$;#7$02/0460B37Q$$

$

$

$

! H_$

&*02?)WPVP)4522*3,62,2,$,3):!$!%2!3:'%'2(!+'3!)'2'64'3)4%'&!%2!%)

4522*3,62,2,4)

#QGHDKH)

4>I;<IRQR)

!FZJD)4dII;DRK) !NDHZIJZ) +;QI;K)

+JNFHK)

4dII;DRYR)

(HKDdDJ<HFJ)

KD432B0$4023"3$

K9#7/81P2Pa8$

K(#42#168;#$

=;O=1$8J2#/2#7$

$

KA=22013/$

4P20;23C3$

KAP167P22#7$

KT=1=/$/#6P62073$

KIP20J3/$

K!4701$60@073/3$

K+#78N82B878/$

K9#4707$P7013$

KD.$>060$

K9=60723234$

K!@6#684$

KA=22013"3$

0468M86#2#78;2#$

=;=/2=2=4$

KÇoklu ortam$

Bir ürünün 4=22013J2323C3131$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@81#$ ;L1#284$ N87RP4$ /#6P6$

M#$ M#78$ 6PS20/0$ J#428$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$ (=1207B01$ #1$ ;0;O31$ P2012073$ 070@31B0$

>#=78@68"$ hN:6:1":2i$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ M#$ 014#6$ ;0420J3/3$ N=2=1/0460$ P2=S$ N=$

;L16#/2#7#$828J481$N82O82#7$0J0C3B0$;#7$02/0460B37k$

eHdGJNFJY) ^0_F_DY_Ia) :HQHGIHDMJGKH/$ d#=78@68"$ B#C#72#1B87/#E$ N87$

@8@6#/$ ;0$B0$ 4=22013"3$ 070;:.:1:1$4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$@8@6#/28$ N87$ J#482B#$

81"#2#1/#@8B87Q$(=70B0$0/0RE$@8@6#/$;0$B0$070;:.:1E$N#2872#1#1$4=22013J23234$

4786#72#78;2#$=;=/2=$P2=S$P2/0B3C313$0120/04E$N:;:4E$4:R:4$N:6:1$S7PN2#/2#78$

6#@S86$#6/#4687Q$D1"04E$@0B#"#$N87$48J8181$/#M"=6$N:6:1$4=22013J23234$@P7=1207313$

N=20N82/#@8$ S#4$ /:/4:1$ P2/0B3C3$ 8R81$ N=$ ;L16#/81$ N87B#1$ e0.20$ =./01$

B#C#72#1B878"8$ 6070e31B01$ =;O=201/0@3$ L1OL7:2/#46#B87Q$ d#=78@68"$

B#C#72#1B87/#181$ =;O=201/0@3E$ N87N8781B#1$ N0C3/@3.$ N87$ O7=S$ =./01$

B#C#72#1B878"8$ 6070e31B01E$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#72#78181$ N87$ 070;0$ 6PS201B3C3$ N87$

R8.#2O#$ 070"323C3;20E$ S7PN2#/2#781$ 6#@S86$ #B82/#@8$ M#$ 0;73$ 0;73$ >0.3720101$

70SP720731$N872#J68782/#@8$;P2=;20$O#7R#42#J68782/#46#B87$h&8#2@#1E$FGGîQ$$

*DZHF) 1;ZI;TRKR/$ D14#6$ ;0420J3/3E$ N87$ @8@6#/$ ;0$ B0$ 070;:.:$

4=220101$ 48J82#781$ 8.2#18/2#7818$ LC7#1/#;#$ ;070;01$ BP20;23$ N87$ 6#@6$ 6#418C8B87Q$

D14#6$ 6#418C8E$ 0201B0$ #1$ ;0;O31$ 4=22013201$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ ;L16#/2#781B#1$

N878B87Q$d#7$1#$40B07$014#62#7$070"323C3;20$RP4$B#60;23$N82O8$#B81/#4$.P7$P2@0$B0$

8;8$60@07201/3J$N87$014#6$070"323C3;20$4=22013"320731$N043J$0R3@31B01$RP4$B#C#728$

O#78N82B878/2#781$ #2B#$ #B82/#@8$/:/4:1B:7Q$ D1"04E$ L.#22842#$ 014#6$ >0.3720/0$

0J0/0@31B0$ B84406$ #B82/#@8$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ L1#/28$ 1P460207$ N=2=1/0460B37Q$

TP7=207$B#C#72#1B8782#1$@8@6#/8$;01@360"04$J#482B#$0R34$M#$0120J3237$N87$N8R8/B#$

! H`$

8;8$ ;0S3201B3732/3J$ P2/023E$ 014#681$ J#428$ 01028.81$ BPC7=$ N87$ J#482B#$

O#7R#42#J68782/#@81#$ #2M#78J28$ P2/023B37Q$ +#1#22842e Likert ölçekli anketler

4=220132/0460$ P2=S$ N=$ 68S$ 014#62#7$ @P1=R20731$ 8B07#@81B#$ M#$ L.#62#1/#@81B#$

P2B=4R0$ 4=22013J23B37Q$ D;73"0E$ 4=2201320"04$ 0R34$ =R2=$ @P7=207$ 070"323C3;20$ B0$

4P1=;20$ 82O828$ B0>0$B#60;23$ M#782#781$ #2B#$#B82/#@8$ @L.$ 4P1=@=B=7$ h?07@8"P$M#$

*#M802B8E$FGGbiQ$$

D201B0$ 4=22013201$ #1$ SPS:2#7$ 4=22013J23234$ 014#62#78$ 070@31B0$<>81$ M#$

B8C#72#78181$A=22013"3$D70;:.:1#$)28J481$?#/1=18;#6$D14#68$hl-YTiE$&8#2@#1U81$

A=22013J23234$ D14#68$ h&D-iE$ &8#2@#1U81$ (:6:1":2$ I#C#72#1B87/#@8$ h&d!iE$

Lewis’in Bilgisaya7$ T8@6#/8$ A=22013J23234$ D14#68$ h<T-liE$ X#72/01U81$

-;O=20/0;0$ I0;023$ (:6:1":2$ A=22013J23234$ I#C#72#1B87/#@8$ hXd-!i$

N=2=1/0460B37$ hpP2/#7$ M#$ (P@">E$ FGGbE$ @Q]GiQ$ (=$ 014#62#781E$ 0/0"0$ N0C23$

P20704E$ @8@6#/81$ 8@6#182#1$ L.#22842#781#$ PB042010"04$ J#482B#$ =;=/=1=1$

@0C201/0@3$/:/4:1B:7Q$

$

$

! \G$

:#%:-3.-)0#2-()

k!"#3)!$'&'(l)B%?C!+')

[POP)BG>cHDJD)7HGHZUHNJ)SH)*K;YR)

9<?(UB#$ OL7#M#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#2#$ (0140;3$ 60136/04$

0/0"3;20$ [`_b$ ;3231B01$ N=O:1#$ 40B07$ 6PS20/$ ]F$ qV1$ !C868/$ hW7;0160@;P1i$

X7PO70/3r! B:.#12#1/8J$ M#$ ;0420J34$ ^GGG$ S#7@P1#281$ 406323/3$ @0C201/3J637Q$

+#2#1#4@#2$ @313e$ 8R8$ #C868/$ ;P2=;20$ @=1=201$ S7PO70/$ 01"04$ ;#6#728$ @0;3B0$

406323/"3$ P2=J=1"0$B:.#12#1/#46#$M#$O#1#22842#$ 48J82#7$ 8J#$N0J20B34601$#1$0.$

:R$ 0;$ @P170$ N=$ S7PO70/0$ 406320N82/#46#B872#7Q$ (=$ B=7=/$ V1$ !C868/$

S7PO70/3131$6#/#2$0/0"3131$O#7R#42#J/#@818$#1O#22#/#46#E$48J82#781$#1$0.$:R$

0;$ @P170$ 4=7=/0$ P7;0160@;P12073131$ @0C201/0@3$ O#"84/8J$ N87$ R0N0$

P2/0460B37Q$$

D;73"0E$(0140;0$>#7$;32E$)B07#$?#74#.8$M#$%=N#2#7$B0>82$;0420J34$[HGK

FGG$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#281$ 0231B3C3$ M#$ O#1#2$ 8B07#$ >8./#62#78$ @313e31B0$ OL7#M#$

N0J20;01$ >#74#@81$ V1$ !C868/$ S7PO70/313$ 02/0@3$ O#7#468C8$ B:J:1:2B:C:1B#$

P760;0$ O#18J$ N87$ 4862#$ M#$ S7PO70/$ O#1#22842#$ D14070UB0$ B:.#12#1B8C81B#1$

L.#22842#$J=N#2#7B#$OL7#M#$060101207$8R81$O#R#728$P2/04$:.#7#$;:4@#4$@#;0>06E$

4P10420/0$M#$>07"370>$/028;#62#78181$P760;0$R3463C3$OL.2#1/#46#B87Q$$

(:6:1$ N=$ >#B#e$ 4862#$ 01028.2#78$ @P1="=1B0E$ .0/0131B0$ M#$ 8>68;0R$

B=;=2B=C=1B0$ (0140131$ 601363/310$ 828J481$ N82O82#781$ 04607320N82#"#C8$ >3.23$ M#$

O:M#18287$ N87$ =.04601$ #C868/$ S7PO70/310$ O#7#4@818/$ P2B=C=$ P760;0$ R34/3J637Q$

D;73"0$;0S3201$LC7#68/@#2$01028.$@P1="=1B0$B0E$L1$#C868/$S7PO70/3131$8R#78C8$

O#7#C8$ P1281#$ @=1=/0$ @P1$ B#7#"#$ =;O=1$ P2B=C=E$ NL;2#"#$ (0140$ 601363/310$

B087$ B0>0$ #6481E$ @#R8"8$ M#$ @601B076E$ OL7@#2$ 0R3B01$ B0>0$ .#1O81$ M#$ 4P20;"0$

gü1"#22#1#N82#1$ N87$ /06#7;02#$ @0>8S$ P2/0131$ P2B=4R0$ 0M0160a23$ P20"0C3$

@P1="=10$M0732/3J637Q$$

! \[$

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ (0140B0$ OL7#M#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#2#$ 824$ 8J$

O:1:1B#1$ 868N07#1$ (0140131$ 6013632/0@3$ 0/0"3;20$ 4=7=/@02$ 0C$ h816701#6i$

üzerinden sunulacak “eKV1$ !C868/r$ /06#7;028181$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 8J8$

S7Pa#2#1B8782/8J687Q$ TL.$ 4P1=@=$ S7Pa#;2#E$ N828J8/$ 6#41P2Pa82#781B#48$ O#28J/#2#7#$

S0702#2E$LC7#1#181$4#1B8$>3.31B0$M#$=;O=1$P2B=C=$.0/01$=20J0N82#"#C8E$@313e$

8R8$ #6482#J8/2#$ B#@6#42#1#1$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ O#28J68782/#@8$

>#B#e2#1/8J687Q$ TP1=R$ P20704E$ 8J$ P760/31B048$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ N82O8@0;07B01$

02310"04$ #C868/2#E$ .0/01$ 40;N3E$ ;P2E$ 4P10420/0$ M#$ >07"370>$ O8N8$ /028;#62#7$

hL.#22842#$%=N#$S#7@P1#28$8R81i$0.026320704$8J#$;#18$N0J20;01$S#7@P1#281$4=7=/0$

=;=/2073131 $@0C201/0@3$>#B#e2#1/8J687Q$$

[PVP)BG>cH)+_GHUIHGJ)

[PVPOP)*D;IJb)^#D)e;bRGIRZa)+_GHYJ)

“eKV1$!C868/r$S7PO70/3131$0/0R$M#$40S@0/3$R#7R#M#@81B#$6:/$S7Pa#$

@0e>02073$ M#$ S7Pa#$ L/:7$ BL1O:@:1:1$ ;#7$ 02B3C3$ N87$ ;L1#68/$ S2013$

P2=J6=7=2/=J6=7Q$(=$S7Pa#$;L1#68/$S20131B0E$6:/$;0420J3/207E$4=7=/$M#$S7Pa#$

N0.31B048$>#B#e2#7E$S0;B0J207$M#$N#42#1682#7$P760;0$4P1=2/=JE$TcW9$01028.8E$

8J$B0C323/$0C0"3E$L1#/28$R#48$60J2073$ 82#$478684$N0C20163207$P2=J6=7=2/=JE$78@42#7E$

M07@0;3/207$M#$@313720/0207$>#@0S2010704$S7Pa#$ e0.2073$40S@0/31B0$OL7#M$M#$

@P7=/2=2=4$B0C323/3$;0S32/3J637Q$

X7Pa#B#$ ;#7$ 020"04$ S0;B0J207$ M#$ 6070e207B01$ N#42#1682#7$ 43@0"0$

J=1207B37k$ )R#7842#781$ N#2872#1/#@8E$ >0.37201/0@3$ M#$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 8R81$ )B07#$

?#74#.81B#48$ 82O828$ N878/2#7$ 82#$ D14070$ %=N#@8s$ B#7@$ ;0.323/3131$ O#28J68782/#@8E$

N82O8@0;07$ P760/310$ 04607320704$ 0468e2#J68782/#@8$ 8R81$ p87/0s$ !C868/$ 5L1#68/$

T8@6#/8181$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 8R81$ (828J8/$ 9#41P2Pa82#78$ +#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:s$ :7:1:$

4=22010"04$ P2B=42073$ 8R81$ (0140B0$ 8J#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#2s$ S7Pa#181$ >#7$

0J0/0@313$;L1#6/#4E$P7O018.#$#6/#4$M#$;L12#1B87/#4E$6070e20731$0468e$P20704$

406323/313E$ 82#68J8/$ M#$ 8JN8728C818$ @0C20/04$ 8R81$ )1@01$ A0;1042073$ +#1#2$

?:B:72:C:$ X#7@P1#2$ +#28J687/#$ M#$ 5#68J687/#$ ?:B:72:C:$ hX+5?iU1B#1$ 82O828$

S7Pa#$O7=N=Q$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! \F$

X7Pa#B#$OL7#M$0201$6070e20731$;#7$02B3C3$P7O018.0@;P1$J#/0@3$0J0C3B0$

M#782/#46#B87$h%#482$bQ[QiQ$

$

6HZJI)[PO/)BG>cH)?G`;DJb;N<>D)6HK;NR)

X7Pa#181$O:R2:$M#$.0;3e$;012073$ 82#$e37@06$M#$6#>B862#78$N#2872#/#4$:.#7#$

;0S3201$TcW9$01028.8$@P1="=1B0$0J0C3B048$L.#22842#7$6#@S86$#B82/8J687k$

7_UI_)1\DIHG/)

K$5L1#68/81$B#@6#C8Q$

K$!KLC7#1/#;2#$ 82O828$L1"#48$9#41P2Pa8$I#@6#428$(82O8@0;07$!C868/8$B#1#;8/8$M#$

9:748;#$(0140207$(8728C8E$(0140"3234$!C868/$T86#@81#$828J481$R023J/0207Q$

K$ -.04601$ #C868/81s$ .0/01$ M#$ /#401$ 43@3620/0@3131$ P2/0/0@3E$ LC7#1#181$

4#1B8$>3.31B0$82#72#/#@818$/:/4:1$432/0@3E$0120J32/0;01$4P1=2073$6#470720/0$

P2010C3$@0C20/0@3E$N87#;@#2$LC7#1/#;8$#6481$432/0@3$O8N8$0M0160a2073Q$

K$+L7#M#$;#18$N0J20;0"04$S#7@P1#281$>028>0.37B0$6#41P2Pa84$N82O8$BP1013/3131$

P2/0@3Q$

$

Proje Yöneticisi

Tüm Birimler

! \^$

8;<R=)1\DIHG/)

K$Y16#71#6$R343J$M#$0C$N0C20163$>3.31B048$P20@3$;0M0J234Q$

K$%=N#2#7B#$N82O8@0;07$@0;3@3131$0.23C3Q$

K$ )J#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#281$ 824$ O:1$ #C868/8$ 020N82/#@8$ 8R81$ N82O8@0;07$ M#$

O#7#428$ BP1013/31$ 6#/81$ #B82/#@8$ ;0$ B0$ qLC7#1/#$ /#74#.2#78181r$

P2=J6=7=2/0@3$O#7#42828C8Q$

K$ )R#784$ O#28J687/#$ ;0.323/$ S04#68181$ 4=22013/310$ 828J481$ #C868/$ M#782/#@8$

O#7#42828C8Q$

fRGN;FI;G/)

K$!C868/$/028;#62#781B#$w$^G$B:J:JQ$

K$ !C868/$ 8R#78C8181$ @601B07620J/0@313$ @0C20/0@3E$ #C868/$ /06#7;028181$ OL7@#2$

0R3B01$.#1O812#J/#@818$M#$4P20;"0$O:1"#22#1/#@818$@0C20/0@3Q$

K$+:1"#2$6#41P2Pa8$4=22013/3131$;0;O3120J63732/0@3Q$

K Global finans sektöründeki eKLC7#1/#$#C828/2#78181$(0140;0$;01@3/0@3Q$

K$(82O8$R0C31B0$#KLC7#1/#$4:26:7:1:1$(0140B0$;#72#J68782/#;#$R023J32/0@3Q$

K$)J$N0J31B0$#C868/81$B#@6#42#1/#@8Q$

K$ 5#18$ 023101$ S#7@P1#281$ 8J#$ N0J20B3C3$ 01B0$ 4=7=/$ >04431B0$ N82O8$

#B81#N82/#@8Q$

&HEMJFIHG/)

K$ X7Pa#$ S201310$ =;0/0/0E$ O#"84/#$ hL.#22842#$ 8R#784$ O#28J687/#$ 0J0/0@31B0$

B8C#7$N878/2#72#$R023J320"04$P2/0@31B01$40;10420101$P20@3$O#"84/#2#7iQ$

K Proje süresince meydana$ O#2#N82#"#4$ >3.23$ 6#41P2Pa84$ O#28J/#2#781$ S7Pa#;8$

#6482#/#@8Q$

X7Pa#$ >#B#e2#78181$ P7604$ N87$ 0120;3J20$ 02O3201/0@313$ @0C20/04$

0/0"3;20$ S7Pa#$ 40S@0/313$ 6013/20;01$ M#$ B:.#12#;#1$ N82#J#12#7$ S7Pa#$

R3463207310$ OL7#$ O7=S2010704$ )J$ I0C323/$ DC0"3$ h)IDi$ P2=J6=7=2/=J6=7Q$ X7Pa#$

40S@0/31B0$1#2#781$;0S320"0C3131$N#287682B8C8$;018$6:/$010$8J2#781$6013/201/3J$

P2B=C=$ )ID$ %#482$ bQFQUB#$ @=1=2/0460B37Q$ X7Pa#$ 8R81$ L1OL7:2#1$ e0.207$ L.#62#s$

B#7@$ M#$ 601363/$ 8R#7842#78181$ O#28J68782/#@8E$ 8>02#$ BP4:/012073131$>0.37201/0@3$

M#$8>02#$S7P@#B:7:1:1$=;O=201/0@3E$#C868/$8R#7842#78181$60@073/201/0@3E$B#7@$

! \b$

;0.323/3131$ O#28J68782/#@8E$ !C868/$ 5L1#68/$ T8@6#/8181$ h!5Ti$ O#28J68782/#@8E$

4=7=2=/207E$ S82P6$ R023J/0$ M#$ @P1$ P20704$ B0$ =;O=20/0$ M#$ O:1"#22#/#$

0J0/0207313$8R#7/#46#B87Q$$

$$

6HZJI)[PV/)'T):;QRIRK)*Q;YR)

Sonuç olarak proje, ilgili makamlara sunularak Banka içi gerekli

P10;207$ 0231/3J$M#$X+5?$S7Pa#181$ ;:7:6:2/#@8$4P1=@=1B0$;#6482#1B8782/8J687Q$

(=$ ;#6482#1B87/#$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ L1"#2842#$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$ B#7@$ ;0.323/313$

O#28J687#"#4$ e87/0131$ N#2872#1/#@8$ 8R81$ 8>02#;#$ R3432/3J$ M#$ N=$ 40S@0/B048$

>8./#681$ 6#/81$ #B82#"#C8$ p87/0$ N#2872#1/8J687Q$ I0>0$ @P170$ 82O828$ (878/2#7$ 82#$

D14070$ %=N#@81B#1$ R023J/0$ O7=S2073$ P2=J6=7=20704$ 8R#784$ O#28J687/#$ @:7#"81#$

N0J201/3J637Q$!5TU181$O#28J68782/#@8$ 8J8$ 8R81$B#$ 82O828$(878/$ 82#$ 6#/0@0$O#R82#7#4$

N87$S201$P2=J6=7=2/=J6=7Q$$

$

Güncelleme

yürütülmesi

yürütülmesi

! \H$

[PVPVP)&HKHI)&;N;GRK)#bHIIJZIHGJ)

90@073/$ @:7#"81B#$ L1"#2842#E$ (0140B048$ N82O8@0;07207E$ N82O8@0;07$ 0C3$

M#$ (0140$ 816701#68$ ?#7816U81$ @=1B=C=$ 4PJ=2207$ 6#/#2$ 02310704$ N0.3$ B#7@$

O#28J687/#$ ;0420J3/2073$ N#2872#1/8J687Q$ (=$ 1P460B0E$ %=N#$ M#$ )B07#$ ?#74#.8$

B3J31B048$ #4$ N810207B0$ N82O8@0;07$ 0C$ >3.3$ M#$ %=N#2#7B#$ N82O8@0;07$ @0;3@3131$

;#6#[email protected]$ @313720/0207$ 40S@0/31B0$ B:J:1:2/:J$ 01"04$ S7Pa#181$

60/0/201/0@31B01$ 43@0$ N87$ @:7#$ @P170$ %=N#$ M#$ #4$ N810207B048$ ;#7#2$ 0C$

>3.3131$O:R2#1B8782#"#C8$M07@0;3/31B0$N=2=1=2/=J6=7Q$$

Bu çerçevede, söz konusu eKLC7#1/#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/3$ 8R81$ N#2872#1#1$

N0.3$ 6#/#2$ B#7@$ O#28J687/#$ ;0420J3/2073$ M#$ p87/0$ 6070e31B01$ 4=22013201$ N0.3$

60@073/$L.#22842#781#$828J481$N82O82#7$0J0C3B0$;#7$02/0460B37k$

K$ DC3723423$ P20704$ LC7#1"8$ ;L1#68/81B#$ N87$ ;0420J3/$ N#18/@#1#"#4687Q$

5#18$ S#7@P1#2$ 8J#$ N0J20B342073$ 824$ O:12#7B#1$ 868N07#1E$ 4#1B8$ 8J$ S7PO70/207310$

OL7#$ =;O=1$ P2B=42073$ .0/01$ #C868/#$ N0C2010N82#"#4$ M#$ /06#7;02$ 8R#78@81B#$

özgürce kalabi2#"#42#7B87Q$ D;73"0$ O#28J68782#"#4$ !5T$ 070"323C3;20E$ LC7#1"82#781$

4=7@$#@10@31B048$82#72#/#2#78$M#$N0J073$B=7=/2073$6048S$#B82#N82#"#4687Q$$

K$D@#147P1$;018$.0/01$N0C3/@3.$82#68J8/$;0420J3/3$N#18/@#1#"#4687Q$

X#7@P1#2$ O#7#4$ N87N872#78;2#$ O#7#4$ S7PO70/$ @P7=/2=@=;20$ #KSP@60$ M0@360@3;20$

82#68J8/$ 4=70N82#"#4687Q$ D;73"0E$ !5T$ :.#781B#$ pP7=/$ P760/3131$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$

B0$S201201/0460B37Q$

K$ !C868/#$ =20J3/$ (0140$ 816701#68$ :.#781B#1$ O#7R#42#J68782#"#C8$ 8R81$

S#7@P1#2E$ #C868/#$ 8J$ ;#72#781B#48$ N82O8@0;07207B01$ 406320"04207B3r. Böylece

48J82#7#E$ #M$ ;0$ B0$ B8.:@6:$ N82O8@0;072070$ 43;0@20$ B0>0$ >3.23$ N87$ 0C$ :.#781B#1E$

>#7$ R#J86$ 6#4184$ B#@6#C81$ @=1=2B=C=E$ O:M#18287$ N87$ LC7#1/#$ P760/3$

@=1=20"04637Q$ D;73"0E$ L1"#48$ #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/020731B01$ P2=J01$ 602#S$

BPC7=26=@=1B0E$ 48J82#781$ 8J$ P760/31B01$ 40;1042010"04$ O:7:26:$ O8N8$

4P1@01670@;P1=$ NL2:":$ e046L72#7B#1$ =.0420J637/04$ 0/0"3;20$ )B07#$

?#74#.81B#48$ >#7$ N878/B#$ N8740R$ N82O8@0;0731$ ;#7$ 02B3C3$ 4:R:4$ N87$ NL2:/:1$

hLC7#1/#$/#74#.8i$0;732/0@3$S201201/0460B37Q$$

! \\$

K$VC7#68/$#64812842#78E$4P1=$40S@0/31B048$N82O8E$N#"#78$M#$B#1#;8/2#78$

40.01B370"04$ M#$ LC7#1"8181$ 0468e$ P2/0@313$ @0C20;0"04$ 186#2846#$

60@072010"04637Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0E$ R#J8628$ 6#@62#7$ M#$ =;O=20/023$ 023J637/0207$ ;#7$

020"04637Q$$

K$p87/0$6070e31B01E$S7PO70/B0$4=220132/04$:.#7#$%#482$bQ^QU6#$;#7$0201$

>#1:.$ 60@204$ >0281B#48$ 6PS20163$ PB0@3$/#60eP7=$ O#28J68782/8J687Q$ (=70B0E$/0@0$

#670e31B048$ @01B02;#2#7E$ (878/$ 901363/2073$ N0J23C3$ 02631B0$ #2#$ 02310"04$

D70J637/0$ +#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:E$ (0140"3234$ M#$ p8101@02$ A=7=2=J207$ +#1#2$

?:B:72:C:$ O8N8$ >#7$ N87$ N878/8E$ 4:6:S>01#$ 70e20731B048$ 4860S207$ B0$ 9<?($

9078>R#@8E$ 9<?($ A01=1=$ O8N8$ 0;73$ 0;73$ B#7@2#78$ @#/NP28.#$ #6/#46#B87Q$

VC7#1"82#7$ 02/04$ 8@6#B842#78$ 4P1=2070$ N=$ 6PS20163$ PB0@31B01$

=20J0N82#"#42#7B87Q)

)

6HZJI)[PW/)&>XI;DFR)?M;NR)(HF;=>Gd)

K$ p87/0$ 6070e31B01$ O#28J68782#1$ 6:/$ ;0.323/207B0$ N0.3$ @601B076$

/#6PBP2Pa82#7$ 82#$B:1;0"0$40N=2$OL7#1$@601B0762070$=;O=1E$LC7#1"82#781$#C868/$

8R81B#$ 4P20;"0$ 82#72#/#2#7818$ @0C20;01E$ N828J@#2$ @:7#R2#7818$ B84406#$ 0201$ N87$

070;:.$ 4=220132/0460B37Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0$ p87/0$ 6070e31B01$ O#28J68782#1$

/06#7;022#7B#$ @601B076$ P20704E$ LC7#1"82#781$ #C868/#$ N0J20/0B01$ L1"#$ 4=7@$

@:7#@81"#$ 407J320J0"042073$ #470120731$ 4=22013/$ L.#22842#7818$ 0120601$ N87$

! \]$

4=22013/$4320M=.=E$#C868/8$@#@28$;0$B0$@#@@8.$02/0$@#R#1#C8$N=2=1/0460$P2=S$

070;:.B#$8@#$@0;e0;3$;0.B37/0E$1P6$02/[email protected]:4E$;07B3/E$8R#784$28@6#@8E$;#182#E$

6#4707$ N=6P12073131$ ;013$ @370$ #C868/81$ 60/0/201/0$ ;:.B#@818E$ ;:42#/#$

B=7=/=1=$ OL@6#7#1$ R=N=4207$ O8N8$ N87RP4$ L.#2284$ 4=220132/0460B37Q$ p87/0$

6070e31B01$ O#28J68782#1$ M#$ #KV1$ !C868/$ ;0.323/31B0$ (0141P6$ ?06N00@3$ +#1#2$

MüB:72:C:U1:1$ 601363/31B0$ 4=2201320"04$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$

4P1=2=$/06#7;02B#1$L71#4$N87$#4701$%#482$bQbQU6#$;#7$02/0460B37Q$$

$

6HZJI)[P[/)?GJcJD;I)0;DZD>FI;GRD)#bHIIJZIHGJ)(;FHG<;IJDMHD)#GDHZ)!ZG;D)

[PVPWP)'UHGJZ)7HIJTFJGKH)+_GHYJ)

[PVPWPOP)(HGZHb)0;DZ;I;GRDM;)#D)!QJFJK)5<`dI;K;I;GR)

)R#784$O#28J687/#$R023J/02073$40S@0/31B0$824$P20704$B8C#7$:24#$/#74#.$

N014020731B048$ L1$ #C868/$ M#$ #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/02073$ >04431B0$ N82O8$

6PS201/3J637Q$ (=$ 070J637/0;20E$ B8C#7$ /#74#.$ N014020731B048$ L1$ #C868/$

S7PO70/20731B0$ #2#$ 023101$ 4P1=20731E$ 4=22013201$ #C868/$ ;L16#/2#78181$ M#$

=;O=20101$ B8C#7$ #KLC7#1/#$ S7PO70/207310$ 828J481$ O#1#2$ #C828/81$ 6#@S86$

! \_$

#B82/#@8$ >#B#e2#1/8J687Q$ +#28J68782#1$ N82O8$ 6PS20/0$ eP7/=$ 82#$ 6PS20/$ ;#B8$

/#74#.$N0140@31B01$N82O8$0231/3JE$0;73"0$(014$ eP7$ Y16#71068P102$T#662#/#16@$

6070e31B01$ ;0S3201$ q5#18$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3$ X#7@P1#281#$ 5L1#284$ V1$ !C868/$

X7PO70/2073r$4P1=2=$014#6$R023J/0@31B01$ $B0$h#(YTE$FGGFi$e0;B020132/3J637Q$$

D23101$ "#M0S2070$ OL7#$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3131$ >#/#1$ >#/#1$ 6:/$

/#74#.$ N014020731B0$ N#1.#7$ 0/0R$ M#$ >#B#e2#7$ R#7R#M#@81B#$ =;O=201B3C3$

01"04$ 8R#784E$ @:7#E$ #C868/$ /#6PB=E$ #C868/$ ;0420J3/3$ 0R320731B01$ e07423234$

OL@6#7B8C8$OL.2#1/8J687Q$?#74#.$N014020731B048$O#1#2$=;O=20/0207$M#$N=120731$

0C372342073$0J0C3B0$;#7$02/0460B37Q$

eHMH=) 4JFIH/$ (014020731$ w$ ]GU81B#$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#281$ 6:/:$ L1$ #C868/$

S7PO70/310$ 40632/0460E$ w$ ^GU=1B0$ 8@#$ @0B#"#$ 8B078$ 40B7PB0$ 8J#$ 023101$

:18M#7@86#$;0$B0$;:4@#4$P4=2$/#.=1207310$N=$8/401$@0C201/0460B37Q$$

+_GH/$(87$O:1$ 82#$P1$O:12:4$S7PO70/0$40B07$R#J8628$ @:7#2#7B#$M#782#1$

#C868/81$Prtalama süresi 5,5 gündür. $

4;FRIRK) 6HZIJ/$ (014020731$ % 42’sinde mecburi tutulmakta,

w$ b\U@31B0$ @0B#"#$ 6#JM84$ #B82/#46#E$ w$ [Û:1B#$ OL1:22:$ 406323/$

O#7R#42#J68782/#46#B87Q$$

8;K;DI;K;/$ (014020731$ w$ ^Û:1B#$ 48J82#7E$ 8J#$ N0J20B34601$ #1$ O#R$$$$

^Kb$ 0;$ 8R81B#$ S7PO70/0$ 0231/0460E$ w$ b_U81B#$ ;32B0$ ;0420J34$ 0263$ 4#.$

B:.#12#1#1$ S7PO70/20731B01$ #1$ ;0431$ P201310$ 40632/0460E$ w$ [Ù=1B0$ 8@#$

;#6#728$@0;3$P2=J6=4R0$@313e$0R32/0460B37Q$$

*K;U) g) eHMH=/$ X7PO70/$ >#B#e2#78$ O#1#22842#E$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#28E$

4=7=2=J=1$ 7P2:$ M#$ L1#/8E$ 6#/#2$ 8J2#M$ M#$ 0468M86#2#78E$ L7O:6@#2$ ;0S3@3E$ L1#/28$

4=7=/$ 8R8$ 8J2#/2#78E$ 6#/#2$ B#C#72#78E$ S#7@P1#2$ B0M7013J$ 4=7022073$ M#$ @P@;02$

;07B3/207$ >04431B0$ N82O82#1B87/#4687Q$ (=120731$ ;013$ @370$ B844068$ R#4#1$ B8C#7$

N0.3$ >#B#e2#7$ B#$ J=1207B37k$ S#7@P1#2$ 8R81$ O:M#128$ M#$#/81$N87$ R023J/0$P760/3$

@0C20/04s$S#7@P1#2#$4=7=/=1$4L42:$48/28C818$N#18/@#6/#4s$N0140131$M8.;P1$

M#$ /8@;P1207313$ 40M70/0207313$ @0C20/04s$ ;#18$ S7Pa#2#7$ >04431B0$

N82O82#1B87#7#4$ 407J3$ 407J3;0$ P2B=42073$ e37@06207$ M#$ .P72=4207$ >04431B0$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! \`$

bilinçlenmel#7818$ @0C20/04s$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#281$ 6#4184E$ 4:26:7#2$ M#$ @P@;02$

0R3207B01$4=7=/0$#16#O70@;P1=1=$@0C20/04Q$$

'UHGJZ/$ ,PC=12=420$ #2#$ 023101$ P7604$ 4P1=207$ J=1207B37k$ (0140131$

;0S3@3E$6#/#2$8J2#M2#7E$6078>R#@8E$N878/2#7E$M8.;P1$M#$/8@;P1207E$4=7=/$4:26:7$M#$

B#C#72#78E$ 4:6:S>01#$ M#$ Y9$ >8./#62#78$ O8N8$ N0.3$ 8R$ >8./#62#7E$ )A$ S7PO70/$ M#$

S7P@#B:72#78E$ #C868/$ 8/4012073E$ O:M#1284$ 4P1=2073E$ S#7eP7/01@$ B#C#72#1B87/#$

@8@6#/8E$ M@Q$ D;73"0$ N0.3$ N0140207B0$ S070$ M#$ BLM8.$ 4=7=$ SP2868402073E$ e8101@02$

8@684707E$ N0141P6$ N0@3/3$ M#$ B0C363/3E$ >:4:/#6#$ M#782#1$ >8./#62#7E$ DM7=S0$

?#74#.$(01402073$T8@6#/8E$DM7=S0$(8728C81#$#16#O70@;P1$@:7#"8E$M#78$O:M#128C8$

O8N8$4P1=207$B0$8J2#1/#46#B87Q$

!QJFJK) 1\DFHKJ/$ +#1#22842#$ 407/0$ #C868/$ ;0420J3/2073$

4=220132/0460B37Q$ w$ `F$ P70131B0$ @313e$ #C868/2#78E$ w$ ^_$ P70131B0$ eP7/02$

P2/0;01$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ 0468M86#2#7E$ w$ ^^$ P70131B0$ 8J$ N0J31B0$ #C868/2#7E$ w$ F`$

P70131B0$N82O8@0;07K60N0123$P1281#$#C868/2#7$4=220132/0460$P2=S$w$[]$P70131B0$

:@6:1$0@6310$4320M=.2=4$#6/#@8$h/#16P781OiE$w$_$P70131B0$B0$8J$0740B0J2073131$

N87N872#781#$;P2$OL@6#7/#@8$hN=BB;i$;0420J3/20731B01$B0$;070720132/0460B37Q$

-NF) 1\DHFJKJD) %>I_/$ (014020731$w$ _\U@31B0$ üst düzey yöneticiler,

S7PO70/$ 40S@0/31B0$ @=1=/$ ;0S0704E$ S01#22#7#$ 406320704E$ 0R323J$ ;0$ B0$

40S013J207B0$ N=2=10704E$ 04J0/$ ;#/#C8$ ;0$ B0$ 7#@#S@8;P1207B0$ #M@0>8S28C8$

;0S0704$N87$J#482B#$S7PO70/0$B0>82$P2/0460B37207Q$

+>N<;I)*ZFJSJFHIHG/$TP@;022#J/#$0B310$RPC=12=420$04J0/$;#/#42#78$

B:.#12#1/#46#$ hw$ ^ìE$ S7PO70/31$ 6:/:$ ;0$ B0$ N87$ 43@/3$ 8B078$ N810$ B3J31B0$

B:.#12#1/#46#$ hw$^Hi$ ;0$B0$:@6$ B:.#;$ ;L1#68"82#781$ 40632B3C3$ N87$ 7#@#S@8;P1$

P7O018.#$#B82/#46#B87$hw$^GKw$^HiQ$

:HQHGIHDMJGKH) 1\DFHKJ/$ I#C#72#1B87/#$ eP7/2073$ hw$ ^FiE$ eP7/02$

P2/0;01$ O#78$ N82B878/$ /#4018./02073$ hw$ b[iE$ S7PO70/$ @P1=1B0$ ;0S3201$

OL7:J/#2#7$hw$HiE$P1281#$B#C#72#1B87/#$eP7/2073$ hw$HiE$^K\$0;$@P170$;0S3201$

B#C#72#1B87/#2#7$hw$Fî$4=220132/0460B37Q$$

V1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3131$ 60/0/313$ ;0$ B0$ N87$ 43@/313$ #KLC7#1/#$

/#6PB=$82#$M#7#1$4=7=2=J207$070@31B0$DM=@6702;0E$DM=@6=7;0E$,#4$<=/>=78;#6E$

! ]G$

p701@0 $ M#$ )1O826#7#$?#74#.$ (01402073$ N=2=1/0460$ P2=S$ N=$ 4=7=2=J20720$ 82O828$

B#60;$ N82O8$ 0J0C3B0$ @=1=2/0460B37Q$ D;73"0$ p81201B8;0$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3$

q(0140;0$ dPJO#2B818.$ A860SR3C3rE$ A010B0$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3$ 8@#$ Y16#71#6$

@86#@81B#$ ;0;3120B3C3$ q(0140$d04431B0$A860SR3C3r$ M#$ 848$ M8B#P$070"323C3;20$ L1$

#C868/$ S7PO70/207310$ N87$ R#J86$ =.04601$ #C868/$ /#6PB=1=$ 0B0S6#$ #66842#78$

OL.2#1/8J687Q$

[PVPWPOPOP)*SdNFG;I<;)(HGZHb)0;DZ;NR)

DM=@6702;0$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3U1B0$ =;O=20101$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/31B0$

407/0$ #C868/$ ;L16#/8$ 4=220132/0460$ P2=S$ N=1207$ 070@31B0$ N82O8@0;070$ B0;023$

P1281#$ #C868/E$ 8JKN0J31B0$ #C868/E$ /#16P781O$ M#$ N=BB;$ @8@6#/2#78$ ;#7$

02/0460B37Q$ X7PO70/31$ (0140$ 816701#6U81B#1$ P1281#$ P20704$ @=1=201$ 43@/31B0$

;#18$ S#7@P1#2#$ 824$ 8J$ O:1:1B#$ ;0$ B0$ #1$ O#R$ 824$ >0e60$ 8R#78@81B#$ #K/082$

070"323C3;20$ P1281#$ S7PO70/0$ =20J0N82/#2#78$ 8R81$ N87$ 2814$ M#782/#46#$ M#$ 8J$

;#781B#$ /0@0$ N0J31B01$ ;0$ B0$ (0140131$ qVC7#1/#$ ?#74#.81B#1r$ 4=7@0$

#78J/#2#78$@0C201/0460B37Q$!1$0.$848$@006$@:7#1$#C868/$/06#7;028181$#1$O#R$848$

>0e60$8R#78@81B#$60/0/201/0@3$8@6#1/#46#B87Q$D1"04$4=7@$40S@0/31B0$(0140$

816701#681B#48$N87RP4$0B7#@#$N0C20163$M#782B8C81B#1$4=7@=$60/0/20/0$@:7#@81#$

N=$ 28142#7B#48$ N82O82#78$ P4=/0$ @:7#@8$ B0>82$ #B82/#/8J687Q$ A8J82#7B#1$ O#7#4684R#$

N=$ 0B7#@2#7#$ #78J8S$ 8>68;0R$ B=;B=42073$ N82O82#78$ B0>0$ @P170$ P4=/02073$

N#42#1/#46#B87Q$

[PVPWPOPVP)*SdNFdG<;)(HGZHb)0;DZ;NR)

DM=@6=7;0$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3$ hW#&(iU1B0$ =;O=20101$ L1$ #C868/$

S7PO70/31B0$ 824$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ #C868/B#1$ L1"#$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#2$ P1281#$ P20704$ N0.3$

6#/#2$ N82O82#781$ 0460732B3C3$ >0.37234$ 186#28C81B#48$ N87$ :186#;8$ N8687/#46#B872#7Q$ (=$

P1281#$:186#E$406323/"320731$B0>0$@P170$B:.#12#1#"#4$mP4@>PS$M#$@#/81#72#7#$

>0.37201/020731B0$ ;07B3/"3$ P2/0460B37Q$ (=$ 0J0/0B01$ @P170$ N87$ O:12:4$

mP74@>PS$ 82#$ 848$ @#/81#7$ M#$ N0.3$ N82O82#1B87/#$ P6=7=/207310$ 406323/$

@0C201/0460B37Q$ X7PO70/$ @P1=1B0$ 406323/"3207$ LC7#1B842#78$ 4P1=207$

çerçevesinde OeNB’yle ilgili herhangi bir$ 4P1=$>04431B0$N87#7$ @006284$@=1=/$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

gerekçe gösterilerek he

! ][$

;0S/0460B37207Q$(=$@=1=/207$^Kb$48J8284$O7=S207B01$P2=J/0460E$(0140$8R81B#48$

6043/$R023J/0@3$N#"#782#78181$0763732/0@3$>#B#e2#1/#46#B87Q$

W#&(E$ #KLC7#1/#;8$ S7PO70/31$ O#78$ 40201$ 43@/310$ N87$ 6#/#2$

P2=J6=7/04$ 8R81$ 6#7"8>$#6/8J687Q$W#&(U;#$OL7#$#KLC7#1/#E$N=$O8N8$L1$>0.37234$

N82O82#78181$ /PB#71$ M#$ e0.20$ 407/0J34$ P2/0;01$ N87$ ;P220$ B0C3632/0@313$

@0C20/0460B37Q$ X7PO70/31$ P1K281#$ 43@/3$ 4=7=/$ 8R81B#$ O#28J68782/8J$ M#$

60@07201/3J637Q$D@#147P1E$LC7#1"8K/#74#.28$M#$;0S0704$LC7#1/#$S7#1@8S2#781#$

B0;023$ N87$ ;L16#/$ N#18/@#1/8J$ P2=S$ P1K281#$ 023J637/0207E$ @310M207$ B0$

/#M"=66=7Q$

OeNB’ye göre eKLC7#1/#;2#$ @313e$ #C868/8181$ N87$ 070B0$ 4=220132/0@3$

406323/"320731$ 824$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ #C868/$ 8R81$ O#7#4#1$ 6#/#2$ N82O82#78$ 020704$ >0.37$ N87$

J#482B#$ O#2/#2#7818$ @0C20/0460B37Q$ (=$ B=7=/$ B0$ #C86/#12#7#$ 4P1=2073$ B0>0$

B#7812#/#@81#$ 87B#2#/#$ e37@063$ 6013/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7$

sayesinde bilgisayarda bulundurulan bilgiler kolayca güncellenebilmekte ve

>#7$.0/01$=20J320N8287$P2/0@3$@0C201/0460B37Q$(=1=1$;013$@370$BPC=/$8.181#$

0;7323S$ R023J/0;0$ =.=1$ N87$ @:7#$ 070$ M#7#12#7$ ;0$ B0$ =.=1$ @:7#B87$ (0140B0$

R023J/0460$ P2=S$ N82O82#7818$ 60.#2#/#4$ 8@6#;#12#7$ B#$ N=$ P1281#$ #C868/B#1$

e0;B02010N82/#46#B872#7Q$ W#&($ 6070e31B01$ =;O=20101$ P1281#$ #C868/#$ 828J481$

gözlenen tek olumsuz L.#2284$ 8@#$ @8@6#/81$ @:7B:7:2/#@8E$ N043/3$ 8R81$ .0/01$

O#7#4/#@8B87Q$

[PVPWPOPWP)9HZ).dKEdGJ<HF)(HGZHb)0;DZ;NR)

,#4$ <=/>=78;#6$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3U1B0$ =;O=20101$ L1$ #C868/$

S7PO70/31B0$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ @313e$ #C868/2#78$ 82#$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7$ 4=220132/0460B37Q$

T313e$ #C868/2#78$ (0140131$ 8B07#$ /#74#.81B#$ B:.#12#1/#46#$ P2=S$ P1281#$

#C868/2#7#$ 8@#$ 8J$ ;#781B#48$ N82O8@0;07207B01$ =20J32/0460B37Q$ (0140$

816701#6U81B#1$ P1281#$ P20704$ @=1=201$ ;0420J34$ [FG$ #4701234$ #C868/81$

60/0/201/0@3$8R81$S#7@P1#2#$848$0;$@:7#$M#782/#46#B87Q$$

FGGG$ ;3231B01$ N#78$ #KLC7#1/#$ R023J/02073131$ ;:7:6:2B:C:$ (0140B0E$

;#18$ S#7@P1#2#$ M#782#1$ #KV1$ !C868/$ S7PO70/3$ B3J31B0$ N0.3$ 48J8@#2$ O#28J8/$

4=7@2073$ h@=1=/$ 6#41842#78$ 4=7@=$ f$ )1O828."#$ M#$ ,#4$ B822#781B#iE$ ?T$ Wee8"#$

! ]F$

4=7@2073E$ B82$ 4=7@2073E$ /#74#.$ N0140"323C3$ M#$ e8101@$ 4=7@2073$ B0$ N=$ ;L16#/2#$

@=1=2/0460B37Q$(0140B0$#KLC7#1/#E$;#18$M#$#64828$N87$#C868/$;L16#/8$P2/0@3E$

S#7@P1#2#$4#1B8$>3.31B0E$=;O=1$P2B=C=$.0/01B0$#C868/$02/0$ e37@063$M#7/#@8$

1#B#12#78;2#$4=220132/0460B37Q$$

A=7@20731$ N:;:4$ N87$ RPC=12=C=10E$ #C868/$ @0C20;3"320731$ Y16#71#6$

@86#@81B#1$ 406323/"32070$ M#782#1$ 4=22013"3$ 0B3$ M#$ J8e7#2#7$ 82#$ =20J32/0460$01"04$

L1$#C868/$M#$@=1=/$6#41842#78$O8N8$N0.3$4=7@2070$B0$(0140$816701#68$:.#781B#1$

#78J8/$ @0C201/0460B37Q$ 5L1#68"8$ 40B#/#@81B#1$ 8J#$ 023101$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#2#$

M#782#1$ M#$ (0140B048$ N878/2#781$ 6013632B3C3$ 4=7@$ (0140131$ 4#1B8$ N:1;#@81B#$

O#28J68782/8J$ P2=S$ B8C#7$ 4=7@207$ RPC=12=420$ B3J073B01E$ >0.37$ S04#62#7$ >0281B#$

@0631$ 0231/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$ (0140B0$ N87$ !C868/$ 5L1#68/$ T8@6#/8181$

4=7=2/0@310$;L1#284$>0.37234$R023J/02073$;:7:6:2/#46#B87Q$

!KLC7#1/#181$ P2=/2=$ M#$ P2=/@=.$ ;012073$ >#7$ N87$ :7:1#$ N0C23$ P20704$

B#C8J84284$OL@6#7/8J687Q$V71#C81$(0140B0$M#782#1$q+2PN02$!1O28@>r$4=7@=$8R#784E$

60@073/E$/06#7;02$M#$/#6PBP2Pa8$0R3@31B01$OL.$L1:1#$0231B3C31B0$RP4$N0J07323$

N87$ B#1#;8/$ #2B#$ #B82B8C8$ OL.2#1/8J687Q$ p0406$ (0140131$ Y16#71#6$ N0C20163$

40S0@86#@8181$L.#22842#$;PC=1$.0/01$B828/2#781B#$;#6#7@8.$P2B=C=$OL7:2/:J$M#$

N=$ B=7=/$ .0/01$ .0/01$ Y16#71#6$ N0C20163@3131$ 4PS/0@310$ M#$ L.#22842#$ 6#@6$

0231374#1$.P72=4$;0J01/0@310$;P2$0R/3J637Q$$

(0140131$ #KLC7#1/#$ e#2@#e#@81#$ OL7#$ N0.3$ 4=7@20731$ @0B#"#$ #K

LC7#1/#$ 070"323C3;20$ M#782/#@8$ /:/4:1$ B#C82B87$ M#$ N87$ LC7#6/#1$ ;0$ B0$

;L12#1B878"8$ 48J8181$ N=2=1/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$ O8N8$ 4=7@207$ 8R81$ (0140B0$

407/0$ #C868/$ /#6PB2073$ 4=220132/0460B37Q$ V71#C81E$ qT=1=/$ 9#41842#78r$

4=7@=1=1$#KLC7#1/#$43@/3$@0B#"#$;:.$;:.#$@313e$ 8R8$#C868/$43@/310$>0.37234$

0/0"3$60J3/0460B37Q$$

[PVPWPOP[P)'D`JIFHGH)(HGZHb)0;DZ;NR)

)1O826#7#$ ?#74#.$ (0140@3$ h(P!iU1B0$ =;O=20101$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3$

0C3723423$ P20704$ ;:.$ ;:.#$ #C868/2#7$ ;P2=;20$ M#782/#46#$ P2=S$ ;#18$ S#7@P1#28$

L.#22842#$N828J8/$6#41P2Pa82#781#$023J637/04$0/0"3;20$P1281#$#C868/$;L16#/81B#1$

B#$e0;B020132/0460B37Q$(=$1#B#12#$4P1=207E$407/0$#C868/$;L16#/8;2#E$4P1=;0$

! ]^$

N0C23$ P20704$ @313e$ 8R81B#E$ P1281#$ P20704$ ;0$ B0$ @0B#"#$ N87$ 4860SR34$ 070"323C3;20$

M#782#N82/#46#B87Q$(P!U181$#C868/$;0S3@310$O#1#2$P20704$N0432B3C31B0$S#7@P1#2$

N878/8$ N:1;#@81B#$ ;#7$ 0201$ M#$ 6:/$ (0140$ S#7@P1#281#$ 0R34$ P201$ “Online

VC7#1/#$ M#$ A0;104$ ?#74#.8181r$ R023J012070$ @P1$ B#7#"#$ #@1#4$ N87$ #C868/$

/#4018./0@3$@=1B=C=$OL.2#1/#46#B87Q$$

V1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/3$ 40S@0/31B0$ P1281#$ P20704$ @=1=201$ 4P1=207$

070@31B0$ qj#782#781$ AP7=1/0@3r$ 82#$ q!M704$ M#$ (82O82#781$ +:M#128C8r$

N=2=1/0460B37Q$j#782#781$AP7=1/0@3$4=7@=E$[``_$j#782#781$AP7=1/0@310$)28J481$

A01=1$ 40S@0/31B048$ N87#;@#2$ @P7=/2=2=4207$ M#$ @[email protected]$ >0281B#$

=;O=2010"04$"#.08$;0S6373/20720$82O828B87Q$!M704$M#$N82O82#781$O:M#128C8$4=7@=$8@#$

(0140131$ BP4:/01$ ;L1#68/$ @8@6#/8181$ 4=22013/3E$ (0140131$ O:M#1284$ 7#a8/8E$

#M70420720$ 82O828$ N0.3$ @313e201B37/0$ M#$ B0/O020/0$ 6#41842#78$ 82#$ N82O8$

O:M#128C8181$ @0C201/0@310$ 828J481$ N82O82#7$ 0460732/0460B37Q$d#7$ 848$ 4=7@=1$ 6:/$

S#7@P1#2$6070e31B01$>#7$:R$;32B0$N87$6#4707$0231/0@3$8@6#1/#46#B87Q$$

D;73"0$(0140131$#J86$e37@06207$40S@0/31B048$SP286840207313$0120601$q!J86$

p37@06207r$4P1=2=$4=7@$B0$P1281#fM8B#P$#C868/8$;L16#/8;2#$M#782/#46#B87Q$qT0C234$

M#$+:M#1284r$4=7@=E$0201$=./012073$6070e31B01$>0.3720101$N87$#C868/$40@#68$M#$

4860SR34601$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ qT0C234$ M#$ +:M#1284$ XP2868402073r$ 0B23$ 4860SR3460E$

40.020731$ 70SP7201/0@3E$ N82O8@0;07$ 8@60@;P12073E$ ;01O31$ M#$ 0"82$ B=7=/207E$ 824$

;07B3/E$ 8J$ #48S/013E$ @#;0>06E$ 48J8@#2$ @0C234E$ MNQ$ 4P1=2073$ #2#$ 0231/0460B37Q$

(878/$ ;L1#68"82#78$ M#$ ;#7#2$ 8B078$ N878/2#7B#1$ 6#/81$ #B82#N82#"#4$ N=$ 4860SR3C0$

0;13$.0/01B0$(0140131$816701#6U8$(!#281#UB01$B0$#78J82#N82/#46#B87Q$$

BoE’de eKLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/8;2#$ @=1=201$ B8C#7$ 4=7@207$ J=1207B37k$

8?010O#$ h(0140131$ BP4:/01$ ;L1#68/$ @8@6#/8$ >04431B0is$ ;0N01"3$ B82$

#C868/2#78s$ .0/01$ ;L1#68/8E$ OL7:J/#$ 6#41842#78E$ 40707$ M#7/#$ N#"#782#78E$ S7Pa#$

;L1#68/8181$ S7#1@8S2#78E$ N0J07323$ N87$ 6PS20163131$ ;L1#68/8$ O8N8$ 48J8@#2$ O#28J8/#$

;L1#284$R#J8628$4=7@207s$cP7BE$!Z"#2$O8N8$N0.3$8J2#68/$@8@6#/2#781#$828J481$4=7@207s$

4070$S070$0420/0$4=7@=Q$

(0140$ #78J8/$ 4P20;23C3$ M#$ LC7#1/#B#$ #@1#4284$ @0C20/0@3$ 1#B#18;2#$

#KLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/818$ 4=2201/0460B37Q$ 9:/$ (0140$ S#7@P1#281#$ 0R34$ P201$ N=$

! ]b$

4=7@20731$;0;O3120J/0@3$8R81$7#420/$M#$S0.0720/0131$@P1$B#7#"#$#64828$P2B=C=$

B:J:1:2B:C:$8R81$N=$O8N8$0468M86#2#7#$B#$RP4$L1#/$M#782/#46#B87Q$$

[PVPWPVP):JQHG)'UHGJZ)7HIJTFJGKH)9;IRTK;I;GR)

I8C#7$ /#74#.$ N014020731B048$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/20731B0$ #2#$ 023101$

4P1=207$ M#$ >028>0.37B0$ 9<?(UB#48$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/31B0$ =;O=20101$

/:e7#B06$ :.#781B#$ ;0S3201$ R023J/0$ M#$ B#C#72#1B87/#2#7$ @P1="=1B0$ q#KÖn

!C868/r$ S7PO70/31B0$ ;#7$ 020"04$ 4P1=$ M#$ 026$ N0J2342073$ ;#18B#1$ B:.#12#1/8J$

M#$90N2P$bQ[QUB#$;#7$0201$8R#784$60@20C3$P2=J6=7=2/=J6=7Q$$

I0>0$@P170$N=$4P1=20720$ 82O828$(0140/3.$N878/2#78$N#2872#1#7#4$82O828$[[$

N878/B#1 $ 8R#784$ O#28J687/#$ R023J/020731B0$ ;#7$ 02/04$ :.#7#$ 848J#7$ S#7@P1#281$

OL7#M2#1B8782/#@8$ 8@6#1/8J687Q$ W2=J6=7=201$ R023J/0$ O7=S2073$ S7Pa#$ >04431B0$

N82O82#1B8782#7#4$ S7PO70/$ 40S@0/31B0$ N878/2#78181$ @P7=/2=2=4$ 0201310$ O87#1$

4P1=207$ >04431B0$ 8J2#1#N82#"#4$ 4P1=$ M#$ 0468M86#$ L1#782#78;2#$ N872846#$ /#M"=6$

BP4:/01E$ 7#@8/E$ MNQ$ 6:/$ 40;10420731$ 82#682/#@8$ 8@6#1/8J687Q$ ,023J/0$

O7=S20731B01$ 023101$/06#7;022#7$ 82#$ @313e$ P760/31B048$ L1$ #C868/$ S7PO70/31B0$

4=22013201$/#M"=6$BP4:/01207$01028.#$ 60N8$ 6=6=20704$>#7$N87$(878/$ 601363/3131$

0J0C3B048$ 026$ N0J234207$ 02631B0$ #2#$ 0231/0@3131$ =;O=1$ P20"0C3$ @P1="=10$

M0732/3J$M#$N=$BPC7=26=B0$R023J/0$O7=S20731B01$N878/2#78;2#$ 82O828$BP4:/012073$

yeniden düzenlemeleri i@6#1/8J687Q$$

K$+#1#2$?:B:72:4$OL7#M$M#$;#648$02012073E$$

K$W7O018.0@;P1$%#/0@3E$$

K$(0140131$B8C#7$N878/2#78$M#$M07@0$B8C#7$4=7=/20720$P201$828J482#7E$$

K$+#1#2$?:B:72:4$6070e31B01$;:7:6:2#1$010$OL7#M2#781$0R3420/02073Q$

$

$

$

$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! ]H$

&*02?)[POP)Hm#3)!$'&'()B%?7%*(,)'9!%'4)&*+2*$,)

!"#$%!&'()*+,(%!"#$%&'()*%+#,%

$-./#%0%

Cumhuriyet Dönemi%$-./#%1% !"#$%2&3434%

!"#$%5'6&3(7&,853%8&9:,:%-+%+&(!./$%,0$"12%(3+#$"'%

$-./#%;%

!./$%(4+(5+67,&$8(9$:'"'%!"#$%6-'+<%<+%8+!2(.+'(%;,012%(4+(<,"12%=%Yasal Çerçeve%<+.7+0(>$%7$?'&'@'%A,%$%"$&(B"8,7.$.%C$.$(C2&,8,7$&$.'(Ödeme Sistemleri – TCMB’nin Rolü(

$-./#%=%

Gözetim Yetkisindeki Devir($-./#%>% !"#$%$('(#%!&3:!:#.&':%

D.$68'.#$(4+(C$.$(C2&,8,7$"'(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E%>$%7$?'&'7(4+(A,%$%"$&(G=.=&=6&$.(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E%)'6(B&,67,&+.(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E(H#,"12%(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E%B"8$8,"8,7(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E(B6I,()*4,0&+.,(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E(<=J$"+K+(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E(C,1$"$&$.(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E%

)

>$%7%28(<$8K$$"'(-+%+&(<EFE.&E@E(3=K+&+.,%(-+%+&(5$%'8'#'(D%7$.$(3=K+",((3,&3%2&83&2.&':%4864.&#&.&':%C+."2%+&(L$7(4+(M2.=#&=&=7&$.'N(O$&'6#$(G=.$&&$.'%M,?,&(P(C+.Q2.#$%"()+@+.&+%F,.#+(M,"8+#,%G$.,1+.(-+&,6,#(M,"8+#,%

$-./#%?%

H@,8,#(!&$%$7&$.'(,5,8&.%)(7#+!.+'%<+%5.&3&2.&'(M$@&'7(<+.7+0,(;$7'Q&$.(M2"1$&(5+","&+.(M2"1$&(D78,4,8+&+.(Kütüphane(

$-./#%@%

M:2.(<+.7+0,('+,#(%8&7:A#&%24'&..&':(3+7,&(>,.&,78+&,@,(

$-./#%B%

H4.$7(4+(>,&/,&+.,%(-E4+%&,@,($-./#%C% 9'5D+,853+.%6(8(#($-./#%0E% $&32&F&%6/<+3.(2($-./#%00% +.+2!'53(2%5'!&#F&%(.+!(A(#%G%#+':3!%

$

X7Pa#$ O7=N=$ 6070e31B01$ >0.3720101$ M#$ R023J/0$ O7=S20731B01$ O#2#1$

B#7@$8R#7842#781#$LC7#1/#$>#B#e2#78$B#$#42#1B846#1$@P170$N82O8@0;07$P760/31B0$

@#107;P20J63732/04$ :.#7#$ p87/0;0$ 82#682/#46#B87Q$ (=$ @:7#R$ @P1=1B0$ p87/0"0$

>0.3720101$L71#4$#4701207B01$N878$%#482$bQHQU6#$@=1=2/0460B37Q$$

! ]\$

))

6HZJI)[P]/)#GDHZ)+HD;G<>)!ZG;DR)

I#7@2#7#$ 086$ 6:/$ 8R#7842#7$ 0;13$ @37020/0$ R#7R#M#@81B#E$ 6#4707$ 6#4707$

OL.B#1$ O#R8782B846#1E$ R#J8628$ P10;$ M#$ 4P167P2$ 0J0/020731B01$ O#R6846#1$ @P170$

eksik görseller de tamamlanarak Firmaya iletil/#46#$ M#$ p87/0$ 6070e31B01$

#47012070$ @P1$ 60@073/2073$ M#782#7#4$ N82O8@0;07$ P760/31B0$ 0468e2#J68782#7#4$

4=22013/0$>0.37$>02#$O#68782/#46#B87Q$

D;73"0E$ 8R#784$ O#28J687/#$ @:7#"8$ B#M0/$ #B#74#1$ L1"#B#1$ N868782#1$ M#$

(0141P6$ ?06N00@3$ +#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:U1:1$ 6078>R#@8$ 82e ana görevlerinin

8J2#1B8C8$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ 4P1=2=$ /PB:2:1E$ @P17048$

60@073/2070$ ;P2$ OL@6#7/#@8$ 0/0"3;20$ 4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$

S201201/3J637Q$$

! ]]$

0!6'3.')0#2-()

1#3&!()@!)052752*%)

Bu bölümde, “eKV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$ 40S@0/31B0$ (0141P6$ ?06N00@3$

+#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:U1:1$ 6078>R#@8$ 82#$ 010$ OL7#M2#7818$ 04607/04$ :.#7#$

4=2201320"04$ qW78a8102$(0141P620731$V.#22842#78r$4P1=2=$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$

4=22013J23234$ 4786#72#781#$ =;O=1$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C313$ 81"#2#/#4$ 0/0"3;20$ 406323/"3$

OL7:J2#78181$0231B3C3$N87$=;O=20/0$@=1=2/0460B37Q$$

(=$40S@0/B0E$@370;20E$070J637/0131$;L16#/8E$L71#42#/8E$M#78$6PS20/0$

070"3131$ >0.37201/0@3E$ M#78$ 6PS20/0$ @:7#"8E$ @313723234207$ 82#$ M#782#781$ 01028.8$ M#$

;P7=/201/0@310$828J481$N82O82#7#$;#7$M#782/#46#B87Q$

]POP)*G;TFRGK;)1\DFHKJ)

D70J637/0$ 40S@0/31B0E$ 286#706:7$ 6070/0@3$ ;0S32/3J$ M#$ 9:748;#$

<=/>=78;#6$?#74#.$ (0140@3U1B0$ 8J#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$ S#7@P1#2$ :.#781B#$ 014#6$

=;O=20/0@3$O#7R#42#J68782/8J687Q$!

]PVP)#GDHZIHK)

(=$R023J/0B0E$0/0R23$L71#42#/#$4=220132/3J637Q$D/0R23$L71#42#/#B#E$

070J637/0"3$ 48/2#781$ @#R82#"#C8$ 4P1=@=1B0$ 4#1B8$ ;07O3@313$ 4=2201/0460$ M#$

070J637/0131$ 0/0"310$ #1$ =;O=1$ P2012073$ L71#42#/#$ 02/0460B37Q$ (=$

;0420J3/B0E$#M7#1B#48$>#7$60N040$8R81$N87$4P60$4P1/0/0420$N872846#$>#74#@$B#$

L71#42#/#$ B0>82$ #B82/#/#46#B87Q$ (0.3$ 026$ 4:/#2#781$ #M7#18$ O#1#2$ >062073;20$

;01@3663C3$ OL.2#1/8J@#E$ N=1B01$ @P170$ B0$ ;01@360"0C3$ M07@0;3/310$ B0;023$

P20704$N=$026$4:/#2#7B#1$L71#42#/#$;0S32/0460B37$h(02"3E$FGGbiQ$$

D/0R23$ L71#42#/#B#$ O0;#E$ N87$ 4P1=1=1$ B#7812#/#@81#$ 81"#2#1/#@8$

8R81$ N82O8$ 0R3@31B01$ 40;104$ ;07060N82#"#4$ L.#22842#7#$ @0>8S$ 48J82#7B#1$ M#78$

6PS201/0@3B37Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0$ 070J637/0"3E$ R023J/0131$ L.#2$ 0/0"3$

! ]_$

BPC7=26=@=1B0E$ P76020/0$ P20704$ 8@6#1#1$ L.#22842#78$ 60J3;01$ B#1#42#78$

seçebilmektedir (Fraenkel ve Wallen, 1996). $

(=$R#7R#M#B#E$070J637/0131$40S@0/313E$9<?($)B07#$?#74#.81B#$@P1$

0263$0;$8R81B#$O#1#2$8B07#$>8./#62#78$@313e31B0$8J#$;#18$N0J20;01$M#$>#1:.$@313e$

8R8$ V1$ !C868/$ X7PO70/310$ 40632/0/3J$ P201$ `b$ (0140$ /#1@=N=$

P2=J6=7/0460B37Q$A0S@0/31E$(0140B0$8J#$;#18$N0J20;01207B01$P2=J/0$1#B#18E$

üzeri1B#$ 070J637/0$ ;0S3201$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ 4P1=2=$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@81B#$ ;#7$ 020"04$ B#7@2#7B#1$ N878$

P2/0@3$ M#$ N=$ #C868/81$ >#B#e$ 4862#@818$ (0140B0$ 8J#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01E$ >#1:.$V1$

!C868/$ X7PO70/310$ 40632/0/3J$ P201$ S#7@P1#28$ 8R#78;P7$ P2/0@3B37Q$ (=70B0E$$$$$$$$

“eKV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8$ 60/0/201B34601$ @P170$ @L.$ 4P1=@=$ /06#7;028$ O#7R#4$

B=7=/B0$ B0$ N8..06$ 4=22010"04$ 48J82#7B#1$ OL7:J$ 0231/0@3131$ S7Pa#181$ BPC7=$

;L1B#$O#28J8/8$0R3@31B01$P2=/2=$O#78N82B878/2#7$@0C20;0"0C3$B:J:1:2/:J6:7Q$$

TP1=R$ P20704E$ 070J637/0131$ L71#4$ R023J/0$ O7=N=1=E$ D70J637/0"3E$

!C868/$ D70J637/0"3@3E$ -./01$ 507B3/"3@3E$ ?#/=7E$ (82O8@0;07$ !C86/#18E$

?:>#1B8@E$ DM=406$ M#$ A:6:S>01#"8$ 40B7P20731B0$ OL7#M#$ ;#18$ N0J20;01$

S#7@P1#2$P2=J6=7/=J6=7Q$

]PWP)@HGJ)&>XI;K;)*G;YR)

A06323/"320731$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ /06#7;028181$

4=22013J2323C3$ 82#$ 82O828$ OL7:J2#7818$ 02/04$ :.#7#$ 4=22013201$ 014#6$ eP7/=$

>0.37201374#1E$ L1"#2842#$ 82O828$ 286#706:7$ 60701/3J$ M#$ N=$ 0201B0$ 4=22013201$ N0.3$

014#62#7#$ =20J32/3J637Q$ D1"04$ =20J3201$ 4=22013J23234$ 014#62#78181$ N:;:4$ N87$

RPC=12=C=1=1$B0>0$RP4$m#N$@86#2#7818$B#C#72#1B8782/#4$0/0"3;20$>0.37201B3C3$

OL.2#1/8J687Q$(=$1#B#12#E$N87$N82O8@0;07$;0.323/31$B#C#72#1B87/#4$:.#7#$'8">$

M#$ B8C#72#78$ hFGG[i$ 6070e31B01$ O#28J68782#1$ 4=22013J23234$ 014#68$ N0.$ 02310704$

/0BB#2#7$ #KLC7#1/#$ 4PJ=2207310$ OL7#$ ;#18B#1$ B:.#12#1/8J687Q$ D14#6$

/0BB#2#78181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@31B0$ 0;73"0E$ 020131$ L1B#$ O#2#1$ 8@8/2#781B#1E$

X#72/01$ M#$ &8#2@#1U81$ >#=78@68"$ hN:6:1":2i$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ 4786#72#781B#1E$

D4S3107$ h[``ì$ M#$ APP>01O$ hFGGbi$ 6070e31B01$ L1#782#1$ 4=22013J23234$

@P7=20731B01$B0$;070720132/3J637Q$$

! ]`$

+#28J68782#1$ 014#6$ /0BB#2#78181E$ 8R#784E$ B82$ M#$ 012063/$ N043/31B01$

0120J3237$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C3131$ N#2872#1/#@8$ 8R81$ 0263$ =./0131$ OL7:J:1#$

N0JM=7=2/=J6=7Q$ !C868/$ ;L1#68"82#78E$ L2R/#E$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ M#$ #C868/$

=./012073$ 82#$ 6#.$ B013J/0131B01$ 023101$ O#78N82B878/2#7$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ N0.3$

@P7=207$R3407632/3JE$N0.320731B0$8e0B#$B#C8J8428C81#$O8B82/8J$M#$014#6#$@P1$J#428$

M#782/8J687Q$$

Son halini alan anket için Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik analizi

;0S32/3J637Q$ D2e0$ 406@0;3@3$ GE`[$ P201$ eP7/=1$ P2B=4R0$ O:M#18287$ P2B=C=$

N#2872#1/8J687Q$

TP1=R$ P20704E$ >0.3720101$ 014#6$ eP7/=$ :R$ NL2:/$ 02631B0$ 6PS20/$ ^_$

/0BB#B#1$P2=J/0460B37$h!4$[iQ$$

(8781"8$NL2:/E$N87$B#/PO70e84$@P7=$82#$:R$0B#6$48J8@#2$N82O8$@P7=@=1B01$

P2=J/0460B37Q$ (=1207s$ "81@8;#6E$ 40R$ ;32B37$ Y16#71#6$ 4=220132B3C3E$ Y16#71#6$

4=2201/0$ @3423C3$ M#$ L1"#48$ #KLC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#7818$ 8R#7/#46#$ P2=S$ B0>0$

@P170$01028.2#7B#$B#C8J4#1$P20704$4=220132/3J637Q$

)481"8$ NL2:/E$ 8;8$ 60@07201/3J$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$ 070;:.:1B#$

N=2=1/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ L.#22842#7$ 6#/#2$ 02310704$ >0.37201/3J637Q$ (=1207s$

görüntü düzeni, görüntü özellikleri, içerik, gezinme, geribildirim, hata ve

4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ P2/04$ :.#7#$ ;#B8$ 4786#78$ 40S@0/0460B37Q$ (=$ ;#B8$ 4786#7$

02631B0$ 6PS20/$ ^^$ @P7=$ ;#7$ 02/0460B37Q$ D14#681$ N=$ NL2:/:1B#E$ H$ B#7#"#28$

*84#76$ 68S8$ L2R#4$ 4=220132/3J637Q$ (=1207E$ qd8R$ A0632/3;P7=/rE$ qA0632/3;P7=/rE$

[email protected]/rE$ qA06323;P7=/rE$ q90/0/#1$ A06323;P7=/r$ "#M0S$ @#R#1#42#781B#1$

P2=J/0460B37Q$

Üçüncü bölüm ise eKLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$4=22013J2323C310$ 828J481$ N#J$

0B#6$ 0R34$ =R2=$ @P7=B01$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ (=70B0E$ /ateryalin güçlü ve yetersiz

L.#22842#78E$#C868/$#@10@31B0$P2=J01$>060207E$/06#7;0281$O#28J68782/#@81#$;L1#284$

406323/"3$L1#782#78$@P7O=201/3J637Q$

$

$

! _G$

]P[P)@HGJ)&>XI;K;)+_GHYJ)

A=22013/0$ >0.37$ >02#$ O#2#1$ 014#62#7$ #KSP@60$ 070"323C3;20$ L71#4$

R023J/0$O7=N=10$B0C3632/3J637Q$D14#681$;L1#7O#$43@/31B0$406323/"32070E$(0140$

816701#68$ ?#7816U6#$ N=2=101$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ 4P1=2=$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;0281#$ 10@32$ =20J0"042073E$ #C868/81$ >0ngi bölümlerini

60/0/20B34601$ @P170$ 014#68$ BP2B=7/02073$ O#7#468C8$ O8N8$ 4P1=207$ >04431B0$

B#60;23$ N82O8$ @0C201/3J637Q$ A06323/"32070E$ 82O828$ #C868/8$ 023S$ 014#68$ BP2B=7/02073$

8R81$ @#48.$ 8J$ O:1:$ M#782/8J687Q$ (=$ @:7#$ @P1=1B0$ BP2B=7=20"04$ 014#62#781$$$$$$$$$$

#KSP@60$ ;0$ B0$ e04@$ 070"323C3;20$ 070J637/0"3;0$ 82#682/#@8$ 8@6#1/8J687Q$ D;73"0E$

>#/#1$ >#/#1$ 6:/$ 406323/"3207$ 6#2#eP120$ 07010704$ 070J637/0131$ 0/0"3$ M#$

@:7#R2#$82O828$N82O82#7$N87$4#7#$B#[email protected]:$P20704$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$$

]P]P)@HGJIHGJD)*D;IJbJ)

I0C363201$ `b$ 014#66#1$ HHU8$ O#78$ BL1/:J6:7Q$ D14#66#$ ;#7$ 0201$ 6PS20/$

^_$@P7=$h^^$0B#6$HU28$*84#76$68S8$M#$H$0B#6$0R34$=R2=i$070"323C3;20$6PS20101$M#782#7$

18"#2$M#$186#2$070J637/0$;L16#/2#781#$=;O=1$P20704E$*84#76$68S8$@P7=207$8@6068@6848E$

0R34$=R2=$@P7=207$8@#$8R#784$01028.81#$60N8$6=6=2/=J6=7Q$$

^^$ 0B#6$ HU28$ *84#76$ 68S8$ @P7=;0$ 828J481$ BL1#1$ M#782#7$ @0;3@02$ P20704$

4PB201B34601$@P170$TXTT$hT6068@68"02$X0"40O#$ eP7$ 6>#$TP"802$T"8#1"#@i$`QGH$

S04#6$ S7PO70/3$ 070"323C3;20$ 01028.2#78$ ;0S32/3J637Q$ d#7N87$ /0BB#$ 8R81$ M#782#1$

;013620731$ P76020/02073$ ;#B8$ 6#/#2$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#78$ R#7R#M#@81B#$

>#@0S201/3J637Q$ (=1=1$ ;013$ @370E$ "81@8;#6E$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ @3423C3$ M#$ 40R$

;32B37$ Y16#71#6$ 4=220132B3C310$ OL7#$ P76020/0$ S=01207B0$ N87$ e07423234$ P2=S$

P2/0B3C313$ N=2/04$ 8R81$ N0C3/@3.$ O7=S$ 6Ktesti, önceki$ #KLC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/2#781#$ OL7#$ P76020/0$ S=01207B0$ N87$ e07423234$ P2=S$ P2/0B3C313$ N=2/04$

için ise MannKc>861#;$ -$ 6#@68$ =;O=201/3J637Q$ (=$ 6#@62#7B#$ GEGH$ 0120/23234$

B:.#;8$6#/#2$0231/3J637Q$$

H$ 0R34$ =R2=$ @P7=;0$ 828J481$ BL1#1$ M#782#7$ 8@#$ N0J23"0$ L7:16:2#7$

N#2872#1B846#1$ @P170$ 406#OP782#7#$ 0;37320704$ 8R#784$ 01028.8$ 6#418C8$ 070"323C3;20$

01028.#$60N8$6=6=2/=J6=7Q$

$

! _[$

]PnP)+RDRGIRIRZI;G)

(=$ R023J/0131$ =;O=20/0$ NP;=6=E$ @0B#"#$ #KV1$ !C868/$ S7Pa#@81B#E$

(0141P6$ ?06N00@3$ +#1#2$ ?:B:72:C:U1:1$ 601363/3$ 8R81$ 4=2201320"04$ P201$

“Orij8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ 4P1=2=$ /06#7;02$ 40S@0/31B0$ ;#7$ 0201$ :R$

NL2:/:1$ 4=22013J23234$ 0R3@31B01$ B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$ 82#$ @313723B37Q$ D;73"0E$

B#C#72#1B87/#B#1$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ @P1=R207E$ 014#681$ =;O=201B3C3$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$

S7Pa#@8181$ >#B#e$ 4862#@8$ O#7#C8E$ (0140B0$ 8J#$ ;#18$ N0J20/3J$ M#$ >#1:.$ V1$

!C868/$X7PO70/310$40632/0/3J$HH$48J8181$OL7:J2#78$82#$@313723B37Q$$

]PoP)0dI`dI;G)

]PoPOP):HQJTZHDIHGH)'IJTZJD)0dI`dI;G)

Anketin birinci bölümünden elde edilen$B#/PO70e84$M#$48J8@#2$N82O82#781$

406323/"3$ OL7:J2#78$ :.#781B#48$ #6482#78181$ @P7O=201B3C3$ 01028.2#7$ 0J0C3B0$

@=1=2/0460B37Q$

D70J637/0;0$ 4063201$ HH$ 48J8B#1$ FGU@8$ 40B31E$ ^HU8$ #74#4$ P2=S$

"81@8;#62#781$>#7>01O8$ N8781B#$;3C32/0131$@L.$4P1=@=$P2/0B3C3$OL7:2/#46#B87Q$

90N2P$ HQ[QUB#$ ;#7$ 02B3C3$ :.#7#$ 40B3120731$ P76020/02073$ [^È[H$ 84#1$#74#42#781$

P76020/02073$[^ÈH]U6:7Q$

&*02?)]POP).'3+'1!&)7%5B)'+&*&'+&'42!%')

.JDNJ<HF) 3) ?GF;I;K;) +F;DM;GF)+;XK;) ?GF;I;K;DRD)+F;DM;GF)e;F;NR)

A0B31$ FG$ [^È[H$ []EG[$ Ê_G$

!74#4$ ^H$ [^ÈH]$ [bEH\$ FEb\$

A06323/"320731E$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$ OL7:J2#781B#$

"81@8;#62#781#$OL7#$N87$ e0742320J/0$P2=S$P2/0B3C313$N#2872#/#4$0/0"3;20$90N2P$

HQFQUB#$@P1=R2073$;#7$0201$N0C3/@3.$O7=S$6K6#@68$;0S32/3J637Q$(=10$OL7#E$40B31$

M#$ #74#42#781$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$ OL7:J2#78$ 070@31B0$ 0120/23$

N87$e074$N=2=10/0/3J637$h6x$KEG`]E$Sx$E`FîQ$

$

! _F$

&*02?)]PVP).'3+'1!&):!$'64!3')'9'3)0*$,(+,8)7%5B)F"&!+&')+?3592*%,)

&) M=)^+HGjHNFIJZ):HGHYHNJa)

*DI;KIRIRZ):_bH<J)^V"dUIda)

?GF;I;K;)f;GZR)

.JDNJ<HF$

KEG`]$ H^$ E`F^$ KEbF[b$

90N2P$ HQ^QU6#$ OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#$ 6PS20/$ HH$ 48J8B#1$ P2=J01$ R023J/0$

4:/#@81B#E$ [^$ 48J8$ >0e60B0$ bK\$ @006E$ bF$ 48J8$ 8@#$ >0e60B0$ \$ @0066#1$ e0.20$

Y16#71#6$4=2201/0460B37Q$(=$B=7=/B0E$>0e60B0$b$@0066#1$0.$ Y16#71#6$4=220101$

48/@#181$P2/0B3C3$N#2872#1/8J687Q$$

&*02?)]PWP),3&!%3!&)4522*3(*)+,42,$,)7%5B)'+&*&'+&'42!%')

,DFHGDHF)4dII;DK;)+RZIRQR)

3) ?GF;I;K;) +F;DM;GF)+;XK;) ?GF;I;K;DRD)+F;DM;GF)e;F;NR)

d0e60B0$bK\$@006$ [^$ [^È\`$ [[Eb[$ Ê[\$

d0e60B0$\$@0066#1$e0.20$ bF$ [^È^^$ [\Eb_$ FEHb$

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 406323/"320731$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$

OL7:J2#781B#$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ @3423C310$ N0C23$ P20704$ N87$ e0742320J/0$ P2=S$

P2/0B3C313$N#2872#/#4$0/0"3;20$N0C3/@3.$O7=S$6K6#@68$;0S32/3J637Q$90N2P$HQbQU6#$

OL@6#782#1$ 01028.$ @P1="=1B0$ N=$ B#C8J4#181$ 4=22013"3$ OL7:J2#78$ :.#781B#$

0120/23$N87$e0742320J/0$P2=J6=7/0B3C3$N#2872#1/8J687$h6x$E_H[E$Sx$E`bFiQ$

&*02?)]P[P),3&!%3!&)4522*3(*)+,42,$,):!$'64!3')'9'3)1*B,2*3)0*$,(+,8)

7%5B)F"&!+&')+?3592*%,)

F) M=)^+HGjHNFIJZ):HGHYHNJa)


?GF;I;K;)f;GZR),DFHGDHF)4dII;DK;)

+RZIRQR$E_H[$ H^$ E`bF$ E^H`G$

9PS20/$HH$ 48J8B#1$ P2=J01$ R023J/0$ 4:/#@81B#E$ N87$ 48J8$ [KF$ ;32B37E$ [^$

48J8$^KH$;32B37E$b[$48J8$8@#$H$;32B01$e0.20$@:7#B87$Y16#71#6$4=2201/0460B37Q$D1"04$

N87$ 48J8181$ [KF$ ;32B37$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0@3$ 8@6068@684@#2$ 0R3B01$ 0120/23$

P2/0B3C31B01$N=$M#78$#1$;0431$@#R#1#4$ 82#$N872#J68782B846#1$@P170$01028.#$ 60N8$

6=6=2/=J6=7Q$ (=$ B=7=/B0E$ [b$ 48J8181$ [KH$ ;32B37E$ b[$ 48J8181$ 8@#$ H$ ;32B01$ e0.20$

@:7#B87$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201B3C3$ M07@0;32/3J$ P2=S$ 82O828$ 8@6068@6842#7$ 90N2P$ HQHQU6#$ ;#7$

02/0460B37Q$

! _^$

&*02?)]P]P),3&!%3!&)4522*3(*)1,2,)7%5B)'+&*&'+&'42!%')

,DFHGDHF)4dII;DK;)1RIR) 3) ?GF;I;K;) +F;DM;GF)+;XK;) ?GF;I;K;DRD)+F;DM;GF)e;F;NR)

[KH$;32$ [b$ [^bEF[$ [[E\[$ Ê[G$

H$;32B01$e0.20$ b[$ [b[E[`$ [\E[\$ FEHF$

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 406323/"320731$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$

OL7:J2#781B#$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ ;32207310$ N0C23$ P20704$ N87$ e0742320J/0$ P2=S$

P2/0B3C313$ N#2872#/#4$ 0/0"3;20$ N0C3/@3.$ O7=S$ 6K6#@68$ =;O=201/3J637Q$ 90N2P$

HQ\QUB0$;#7$0201$01028.$1#68"#@81B#$N=$B#C8J4#181$4=22013"3$OL7:J2#78$:.#781B#$

0120/23$N87$e0742320J/0$;0706/0B3C3$N#2872#1/8J687$h6x$K[Eb_E$Sx$E[bîQ$

&*02?)]PnP),3&!%3!&)4522*3(*)1,2,):!$'64!3')'9'3)1*B,2*3)0*$,(+,8)7%5B))))

F"&!+&')+?3592*%,)

F) M=)^+HGjHNFIJZ):HGHYHNJa)


?GF;I;K;)f;GZR),DFHGDHF)4dII;DK;)

1RIR$K[Eb_$ H^$ E[b^$ K\E`_$

9PS20/$ HH$ 48J8B#1$ P2=J01$ R023J/0$ 4:/#@81B#$ [[$ 48J8$ B0>0$ L1"#$

N0J40$N87$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;0281B#1$#C868/$0/0R23$;0707201/3J$;018$P1281#$N87$

#C868/$ 02/3JE$ bb$ 48J8$ 8@#$ B0>0$ L1"#$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028$

4=2201/0/3J$;018$P1281#$#C868/$B#1#;8/8$P2/0/3J637Q$$

A06323/"320731$ B0>0$ L1"#B#1$ P1281#$ #C868/$ B#1#;8/2#78181$ P2=S$

P2/0/0@3131$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$ OL7:J2#78$ 070@31B0$ N87$ e074$

P2=J6=7=S$ P2=J6=7/0B3C313$ N#2872#/#4$ 8R81$ ?011Kc>861#;$ -$ 6#@68$

=;O=201/3J637Q$ (=$ 6#@6E$ B:J:4$ @0;3B0$ L71#42#/$ 8R#7#1$ 848$ 4:/#181$

43;0@201/0@31B0$ 4=22013201$ S070/#6784$ P2/0;01$ N87$ 6#@6687Q$ D@231B0$ 848$ O7=S$

070@31B048$ e074232342073$ 6#@6$ #6/#B#$ 4=22013201$ #1$ O:R2:$ ;L16#/$ S070/#6784$

6#@62#7B87$ 01"04$ N=$ O8N8$ 6#@62#781E$ L71#42#/81$ 1P7/02$ B0C323/$ #M7#12#781B#1$

O#2/#@8$M#$#J86$M07;01@0$@0>8S$P2/0@3$O8N8$J0762073$M07B37Q$D1"04E$N=$J07620731$

;#781#$ O#68782#/#B8C8$ B=7=/207B0$ S070/#6784$ P2/0;01$ 6#@62#7$

=;O=2010N82/#46#B87$ h!7O:1E$ [``HiQ$ D;73"0$ 407J320J637/0$ ;0S320"04$ >:"7#2#7$

8R81B#48$ B#1#4$ @0;32073131$ N87N8781B#1$ RP4$ e07423$ P2B=C=$ B=7=/207B0$ B0$

S070/#6784$ P2/0;01$ 6#@62#72#$ 407J320J637/0$ ;0S/04$ 01028.81$ O:M#18728C818$

! _b$

07637/0460B37Q$ (=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ 70@6O#2#$ L71#42#/$ @#R/#$ M#$ B#C#72#781$

@3702010N8287$ P2/0@3$ O8N8$ 0M0160a2073$ 1#B#18;2#$ S070/#6784$ P2/0;01$ ?011K

c>861#;$-$6#@68$=;O=201/3J637Q$

(=$40S@0/B0E$01028.$@P1="=1B0E$90N2P$HQ]QUB#$B#$@=1=2B=C=$:.#7#E$

daha önce eKLC7#1/#$/06#7;028$4=220101$O7=S$ 82#$>8R$P1281#$#C868/$B#1#;8/8$

P2/0;01$O7=S$070@31B0$0.$B0$P2@0$/018B07$N87$e074$P2B=C=$OL7:2/:J6:7$h?011$

c>861#;$ -$ 6#@68E$ S<GEGHiQ$ IP20;3@3$ 82#$ L1"#B#1$ #KLC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/8$ P201$

O7=N=1$ B8C#7$ O7=N0$ 43;0@20$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C310$ 828J481$ B0>0$ P2=/2=$

OL7:J$N#;01$#66842#78$@L;2#1#N82/#46#B87Q$$

&*02?)]PoP)#3.!4')!"#$%!3(!):!3!1'(')'9'3)(*33"Le,&3!1)5)&!+&')

+?3592*%,)

4_KHIHG)

H"#QGHDKH):HDH<JKJ) 3) +RG;)?GF;I;K;NR)

d0;37$ bb$ FHE_\$

!M#6$ [[$ ^\EHH$

&HNF)'NF;FJNFJZIHGJ)

?011Kc>861#;$-$

c82"PZP1$c$

o$

D120/23234$I:.#;8$hFKuçlu)$

[b_EGGG$

[[^_EGGG$

K[E`]`$

EGb_$

]PoPVP) (;FHG<;IJD) 4dII;DRTIRIRQR<I;) 'I`JIJ) 4;FRIRKYR) 7\G_TIHGJDH)

'IJTZJD)0dI`dI;G)

]PoPVPOP)2JZHGF)&JXJ)+>GdI;G;)'IJTZJD)0dI`dI;G)

A06323/"320731$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B048$ OL7:J2#7818$ 02/04$

0/0"3;20$ H$ B#7#"#28$ 284#76$ 68S8$ L2R#42#$ >0.3720101$ 014#681$ 8481"8$ NL2:/:E$ ]$

4=22013J23234$ 4786#78$ 02631B0$ ;#7$ 0201$ ^^$/0BB#B#1$ P2=J/0460B37Q$ d#7N87$ 4786#7$

N0.31B0$ 48J82#781$ 014#6$ /0BB#2#781#$ 406323/$ P76020/02073$ 0J0C3B0$ ;#7$

02/0460B37Q$

! _H$

90N2P$HQ_QUB#$OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#E$ O#7#4$O#1#2$ O#7#4$/0BB#$N0.31B048$

P76020/02070$ N0432B3C31B0$ 406323/"320731$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ OL7:16:$

B:.#18$ >04431B0$ P2=/2=$ ;L1B#$ OL7:J$ N82B87B842#78$ 0120J32/0460B37Q$ W76020/0$

S=01207$ bEGb$ 82#$ bE\`$ 070@31B0$ B#C8J/#46#B87Q$ q!4701B0$ @=1=201$ ;0.3$

407046#72#78$ 4P20;"0$ P4=1/0460B37rE$ q?#6812#781$ ;0.3$ M#$ @0637$ NPJ2=C=$ =;O=1$

07023460B37r$ M#$ q?06#7;0281$ e07423$ #47012073$ 070@31B0$N87$ =;=/$ M07B37r$ 8e0B#2#78$

406323/"3207$6070e31B01$#1$;:4@#4$S=01201B373201$/0BB#2#7B#1B87Q$$

&*02?)]PpP)7#%-3&-):-8!3'12!)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

Materyalin görüntü öze22842#78$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#7$ M#$ 7#142#781$ 4=22013/3$

P2/04$ :.#7#$ 848$ 0;73$ 6#/0$ 02631B0$ 81"#2#1/8J687Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0E$ >#7$ 848$ 6#/0$

N0.31B0$ OL7:J2#781$ P76020/02073$ 81"#2#1B8C81B#$ 406323/"320731$ >#/$ 4=22013201$

OL7@#2$ LC#2#7B#1$ >#/$ B#$ 7#142#7B#1$ N:;:4$ P701B0$ /#/1=1$ 402B342073$

OL.2#1/#46#B87Q$ 90N2P$ HQ`QUB0$ OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#$ P760/020$ S=01207$ bEbb$ 82#$

Ê`\$ 070@31B0$ B#C8J84284$ OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$ A=22013201$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#7$ 82#$ 8R#78C81$

6=6072323C3E$ OL7@#22#781$0R34$M#$4P20;$N87$ J#482B#$0120J323;P7$P2/0@3$4P1=20731B0$

oldukça yüksek$ N87$ 406323/$ P7013$ P2B=C=$ 01"04E$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#781$ BP.=1B0$

4=220132/3J$P2/0@3$M#$/06#7;02B#$4=22013201$7#142#781$N0C201632073$0R34R0$0;376$

#6/#;#$ P20104$ M#7/#@8$ 4P1=20731B0$ 40707@3.$ 40201$ ;0$ B0$ P2=/@=.$ ;L1B#$

OL7:J$N82B87#12#781$B#$P2B=C=$OL.2#1/#46#B87Q$$

$

$

! _\$

&*02?)]PqP)7#%-3&-)#8!22'42!%'12!)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

Önemli bil

90N2P$ HQ[GQUB0$ /06#7;0281$ 8R#78C8;2#$ 82O828$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ P76020/0$

406323/"320731$N0.32073131$P2=/2=$N0.32073131$8@#$P2=/@=.$;0$B0$40707@3.$;L1B#$

OL7:J$ N82B87B842#7818$ OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$ I8C#7$ NL2:/2#72#$ 43;0@201B3C31B0$ #1$

B:J:4$ P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$ NL2:/B:7Q$ W76020/0$ S=01207$ bE[\$ 82#$ Ê]F$

070@31B0B37Q$ q)R#7846#$ ;#7$ 0201$ 4P1=207$ N87N87818$ 60/0/20;3"3$ 186#2846#B87r$ M#$

“Sunula1$ N82O82#7$ ;#6#728B87r$ 8e0B#2#78$ 406323/"3207$ 6070e31B01$ #1$ ;:4@#4$

S=01201B373201$ /0BB#2#7B87Q$ A06323/$ P7013131$ 18@S#6#1$ B:J:4$ P2/0@3$

1#B#18;2#$ N0.3$P20@3$S7PN2#/$0201207313$ 8J07#6$#B#N82#"#4$/0BB#2#7$070@31B0$

q?06#7;02E$4P1=;20$82O828$LC7#1/#$8@6#C8$=;01B37/0460B37rE$q9#@62#7E$023J637/0207$

4P1=1=1$S#48J68782/#@81#$;07B3/"3$P2/0460B37r$8e0B#2#78$N=2=1/0460B37Q$$

&*02?)]POrP)'9!%'42!)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

Materyalde sunulan içerik beklentilerime cevap vermektedir.

! _]$

?06#7;0281$ O#.81/#$ L.#228C8;2#$ 82O828$ N#;01$ #B82#1$ OL7:J2#781$

P76020/0@310$ N0432B3C31B0$ S=0120731$ bEFF$ 82#$ Ê_^$ 070@31B0$ B#C8J84284$

OL@6#7B8C8$ M#$ BP20;3@3;20$ /#/1=1$ 4023101$ L.#22842#781$ ;0131B0$ O#28J68782/#@8$

O#7#4#1$ N0.3$ L.#22842#781$ B#$ P20N82#"#C8$ OL7:2/#46#B87$ h90N2P$ HQ[[QiQ$ !1$

;:4@#4$ P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$ qVC7#1"8181E$ 8@6#182#1$ 4P1=B01$ N0J20/0E$ 8@6#182#1$

4P1=;0$ O#R/#$ M#$ L1"#48$ 4P1=2073$ 6#4707$ #6/#$ P2010C3$ M07B37r$ /0BB#@8$

406323/"320731$ S7PO70/$ 8R81B#$ 8@6#42#78$ BPC7=26=@=1B0$ 70>0623420$

BP20J0N82B842#781#E$ #1$ B:J:4$ P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$ q!4701207$ 070@3$ >3.23$ O#R8J$

/:/4:1B:7r$ /0BB#@8$ 8@#$ N0.3$ 406323/"320731$ >3.$ 4P1=@=1B0$ @P7=1$ ;0J0/3J$

P20N82#"#42#781#$8J07#6$#6/#46#B87Q$

&*02?)]POOP)7!8'3(!)#8!22'$'12!)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

mümkündür.

?06#7;02B#$ @0C20101$ O#78N82B878/2#7$ >04431B0$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ /0BB#$

P76020/0207310$ N0432B3C31B0$ 4=22013"3$ /#/1=18;#68181$ @0C201B3C3$ M#$

406323/"320731$6=60723$N87$J#482B#$6:/$/0BB#2#7#$828J481$P2=/2=$OL7:J$N82B87B842#78$

OL.2#1/#46#B87$ h90N2P$ HQ[FQiQ$ W76020/0$ S=01207$ bEbF$ 82#$ bEG`$ 070@31B0$

B#C8J84284$ OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$ !1$ ;:4@#4$ 406323/$ P76020/0@310$ @0>8S$ q!4701B048$

/#@0a2073$ P4=/04$ 8R81$ ;#6#728$ @:7#$ M#782/#46#B87r$ /0BB#@8$ 406323/"320731$

6#47012073$6048S$0R3@31B01$N87$S7PN2#/$;0J0/0B34207313$OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$

&*02?)]POVP)7!%'0'2:'%'(2!%2!)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

Materyalde verilen yönergeler ve mesajlar b

! __$

90N2P$ HQ[^QUB#$ ;#7$ 02B3C3$ :.#7#$ 406323/"3207E$ /06#7;0281$ @P7=1@=.$

R023J/0E$ >0602073$ L12#/#E$ B:.#26/#$ M#$ 0R3420/0$ 4P1=@=1B0$ N0J07323$ P2B=C=$

yönünde büyük oranda hemfikirlerdir. O76020/0$ S=01207$ bEb`$ 82#$ Ê_[$

070@31B0$B#C8J84284$OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$!1$;:4@#4$P76020/0$q?06#7;02$>060@3.$M#$

@P7=1@=.$ R023J/0460B37r$ 8e0B#@81#$ 086687Q$ (=$ B=7=/B0$ 406323/"320731$ 4=22013/$

#@10@31B0$L1#/28$ N87$ S7PN2#/2#$407J320J/0B342073$0120J32/0460B37Q$!1$B:J:4$

P76020/0$ 8@#$ q507B3/$ /#1:@:E$ S7PN2#/2#78$ O8B#7/#B#$ #64828B87r$ /0BB#@81#$

086687Q$ (=$ B=7=/=1E$ 406323/"320731$ #C868/$ @:7#@81"#$ L1#/28$ N87$ >060;20$

407J320J/0B342073$ 8R81$ ;07B3/$ /#1:@:1#$ N0JM=7/0$ 8>68;0"3$ B=;/0/3J$

P2/020731B01$40;104201B3C3$B:J:1:2/#46#B87Q$

&*02?)]POWP)e*&*2*%2*)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

90N2P$ HQ[bQU6#$ OL7:2#"#C8$ :.#7#E$ 406323/"320731$ N:;:4$ N87$ RPC=12=C=$

6070e31B01$/06#7;0281$4=22013/$4P20;23C3$L.#228C8$P2B=4R0$;:4@#4$S=01$6PS20/3J637Q$

D@231B0$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ 4786#78E$ B8C#7$ 4786#72#72#$ 43;0@201B3C31B0$ #1$ ;:4@#4$

P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$ ;018$#1$RP4$N#C#182#1$4786#7$P2/=J6=7Q$W76020/0$S=01207$bE\]$

82#$ bE[\$ 070@31B0$ B#C8J/#46#B87Q$ !1$ ;:4@#4$ P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$ /0BB#2#7B#1E$

4P1=;0$ 4023101$ ;#7B#1$ B#M0/$ #B#N82/#$ L.#228C8181E$ 406323/"32070$ #C868/$

@:7#@81"#$ N:;:4$ N87$ 4P20;234$ @0C20B3C3E$ 0;73"0$ S7PO70/31$ 10@32$ 4=2201320"0C313$

4#Je#6/#$ f$ 0120/0$ 4P1=@=1B0$ >#7>01O8$ N87$ S7PN2#/$ ;0J01/0/3J$ P2B=C=$

0120J32/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$ 4=22013201$ /#1:$ 8@8/2#78$ 82#$ N=120731$ 8J2#M2#78181$

N87N872#78;2#$ 6=60723234$ 8R81B#$ P2B=C=$ M#$ 406323/"320731$ N=$ 4P1=B0$ >8RN87$ .P72=4$

;0J0/0B3C3$ B0$ OL7:2/#46#B87Q$ I8C#7$ /0BB#2#7#$ P70120$ B0>0$ B:J:4$ 406323/$

P701310$ @0>8S$ P201$ qA=22013/$ 4320M=.=E$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013/3$ 4P1=@=1B0$ ;P2$

OL@6#78"8B87r$ /0BB#@8$ 8@#$ N87$ 0R3B01$ N0.3$ 406323/"320731$ 4=22013/$ 4320M=.=10$

N0JM=7/0$8>68;0"3$B=;/0B34207313$OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$

$

! _`$

&*02?)]PO[P)4522*3,()4?2*12,$,12*)'27'2')4*&,2,(.,)7#%-62!%')

göstericidir.

Sonuç olarak, yedi 4=22013J23234$ 4786#78181$ @P7O=201B3C3$ *84#76$ 68S8$

@P7=207B01$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ P76020/0207$ #1$ ;:4@#4$ S=01B01$ #1$ B:J:4$ S=010$

BPC7=$ 81"#2#1B8C81B#E$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$ 4P1=2=$ #KLC7#1/#$

/06#7;028181$ @370@3;20E$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ hbE^ìE$ OL7:16:$ B:.#18$ hbEFìE$

O#78N82B878/$hbEF\iE$>[email protected]$hbE[]iE$OL7:16:$L.#22842#78$hbE[\iE$O#.81/#$hÊ`ì$

M#$8R#784$hÊ`]i$0R320731B01$N#C#182B8C8$N#2872#1/8J687Q$$

]PoPVPVP)*URZ)5UId)+>GdI;G;)'IJTZJD)0dI`dI;G)

D14#681$ :R:1":$ NL2:/:1B#$ 406323/"32070E$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3;20$

82O828$O#1#2$;P7=/207313$04607/02073E$014#6$/0BB#2#7818$BP2B=7=74#1$8e0B#$#6/#$

P2010C3$ N=20/0B342073$ OL7:J2#7818$ ;01@36/02073$ 0/0"3;20$ N#J$ 0B#6$ 0R34$ =R2=$

@P7=$;L1#2682/8J687Q$$

d#7$ N87$ @P7=$N0.31B0$ #2B#$ #B82#1$N=2O=207E$/06#7;0281$ O:R2:$ N=2=101$

öz#22842#78E$ ;#6#7@8.$ N=2=101$ L.#22842#78E$ 4=2201374#1$ ;0S3201$ >060207$ M#$

/06#7;0281$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 8R81$ 406323/"3$ L1#782#78$ N0J2342073$ 02631B0$ 0J0C3B0$ #2#$

0231/0460B37Q$

$

! `G$

]PoPVPVPOP)(;FHG<;IJD)7_UI_)0dIdD;D)#bHIIJZIHGJ)

$qA=2201B3C313.$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ #1$ 8;8$ L.#228C8fL.#22842#78$

1#;B8tr$@P7=@=10$406323/"3207B01$O#2#1$"#M0S207$M#$@342342073$J=1207B37k$

K$ 9#@62#7E$ 023J637/0207E$ qJ8/B8$ @370$ @8.B#r$ O8N8$ 0468M86#2#7E$ Fb$ 406323/"3$

6070e31B01$ /06#7;0281$ #1$ 8;8$ L.#22842#781B#1$ N878$ P20704$ ;P7=/201/3J637Q$ (=$

görüJ:$ B#@6#42#;#1$ 48J82#781$ 8e0B#2#78$ 070@31B0$ (=$ O8N8$ O#78N82B878/28$

023J637/020731E$ 070207B0$ @P7=201$ @P7=20731$ 0120/0;3$ 4P20;20J637B3C3E$ N82O82#781$

S#48J68782/#@818$ @0C20B3C3E$ 0432B0$ 4023"323C3$ 07637B3C3$ M#$ 48J82#7#$ 4#1B82#7818$

@310/0$8/4013$M#7B8C8$N#287682/8J687Q$D;73"0$N=$0468M86#2#781E$012063/3$@343"3234601$

4=76070704E$B844068$"0123$6=6/0;0$M#$82O8181$B0C32/0@313$#1O#22#/#;#$;07B3/"3$

P2B=C=$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$$

K$ +L7@#2$ LC#2#781$ M0723C3$ 6PS20/$ [`$ 48J8$ 6070e31B01$/06#7;0281$ #1$ 8;8$

L.#22842#78$ 070@31B0$ @370201/3J637Q$ (=$ OL7:J:$ B#@6#42#;#1$ 48J82#781$ 8e0B#2#78$

070@31B0$ OL7@#2$ 60@073/31$ @0B#$ 0/0$ #6482#;8"8$ P2B=C=E$ OL7@#2$ 0R3420/0$

;L16#/8181$O:":E$OL7@#2$60@073/31$.#1O8128C8$O8N8$1P4602070$;#7$M#782/8J$M#$N=$

O8N8$ #C868/2#781$ N82O8;#$ =20J/04$ 8R81$ .#M428$ N87$ ;P2$ P2B=C=$ M=7O=201/3J637Q$

D;73"0E$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#7#$ NP2"0$ ;#7$ M#782/#@8181$ /06#7;028$ B0>0$ "0.8S$ >02#$

O#687B8C8E$ 4P1=20731$ 0120J32/0@313$ 4P20;20J637B3C3E$ 4=22013"3131$ B84406818$ "0123$

6=66=C=$M#$#C868/8$@343"3$P2/04601$4=7607B3C3$N#287682/8J687Q$$

K$ )R#78C81$ .#1O8128C8E$ 6PS20/$ [H$ 48J8$ 6070e31B01$ /06#7;0281$ #1$ 8;8$

L.#22842#78$ 070@31B0$ @370201/3J637Q$ )R#78C81$ P2B=4R0$ 0;7316323$ P2/0@310$ 70C/#1$

O:1"#2$M#$S70684$N82O82#7$8R#7/#@8$1#B#18;2#$/06#7;0281$60/0/313$N8687/#$8@6#C8$

;07063;P7$ P2/0@3$ 406323/"320731$ N#C#18@818$ 6PS20/3J637Q$ D;73"0E$ /06#7;02$

60/0/201B3C31B0$ 48J8;#$ N82O8$ @0>8N8$ P2=1B=C=1=$ >8@@#6687/#@8181$ P2=/2=$ N87$

L.#2284$P2B=C=$B0$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$

K$ AP1=$ 012063/3131$ 43@0E$ 1#6$ M#$ 0120J3237$ P2/0@3$ [^$ 48J8$ 6070e31B01$

/06#7;0281$8;8$L.#22842#78$070@31B0$@0;32/3J637Q$

K$ AP1=;0$ 4023101$ ;#7B#1$ B#M0/$ #B#N82/#$ 8/4013$ _$ 406323/"3$

6070e31B01$#1$8;8$L.#22842#7$070@31B0$@370201/3J637Q$$

! `[$

K$ A=22013/$ 70>0623C3E$ 4P20;23C3$ ]$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$ 8;8$ N87$ L.#2284$

P20704$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$$

K$AP20;$O#.818/$L.#228C8E$ 8@6#182#1$4P1=B01$N0J20/0E$8@6#182#1$4P1=;0$

O#R#N82/#$H$406323/"3$6070e31B01$#1$8;8$L.#2284$P20704$N#287682/8J687Q$$

K$ !C868/#$ 8@6#182B8C8$ .0/01$ 070$ M#782#N828;P7$ P2/0@3$ M#$ @#@28$ 012063/$

Û#7s$ NL2:/$ @P120731B0$ L.#6$ M#782/#@8E$ @0;e0$ :.#781B#$ 1P6$ 020N82/#E$ @L.2:4E$

B#7@$ 1P620731B01$ R3463$ 020N82/#4$ M#$ 4#1B8$ N0J310$ LC7#1/#$ 8/4013$ B0$ N87#7$

406323/"3$6070e31B01$8e0B#$#B82#1$#1$8;8$L.#22842#7$070@31B0B37Q$$

]PoPVPVPVP)(;FHG<;IJD)1HFHGNJb)0dIdD;D)#bHIJZIHGJ)

qA=2201B3C313.$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;028181$ #1$ 4L6:$ L.#228C8fL.#22842#78$

neydi?” sorusuna ka6323/"3207B01$O#2#1$"#M0S207$M#$@342342073$J=1207B37k$

K$(0.3$4P1=20731$RP4$=.=1$M#$B#60;23$P2/0@3E$6PS20/$[[$48J8$6070e31B01$

#1$ P2=/@=.$ L.#22842#7B#1$ N878$ P20704$ B#C#72#1B8782/8J687Q$ (0.3$ 406323/"3207$

6070e31B01$ L.#22842#$ 6078>R#$ 43@/3131$ RP4$ =.=1$ P2B=C=$ ;L1:1B#$ #2#J68782#7$

;L1#2682/8J687Q$

K$9PS20/$]$406323/"3$6070e31B01$6#@6$M#$023J637/0207$82#$OL7@#2$LC#2#781$

;#6#7@8.$ P2B=C=$ M#$ N=$ B=7=/=1$ 82O8$ =;01B37/0B0$ ;#6#7@8.$ 402B3C3$ 8e0B#$

#B82/8J687Q$ D;73"0$ b$ 4=22013"3$ 6070e31B01$ 6#@62#781$ "#M0S201/0@3$ 8R81$ M#782#1$

@:7#$ 43@0$ N=2=1/=JE$ F$ 406323/"3$ B0$ 6#@6$ @P7=2073131$ 8R#78C#$ 43;0@20$ 4P20;$

P2B=C=1=E$;#6#781"#$N82O8$@310/0B3C313$8e0B#$#6/8J687Q$$

K$o0/01$.0/01$@0;e020731$O#R$0R32/0@3E$NL2:/2#7$070@3$O#R8J81$;0M0J$

P2/0@3E$ 018/0@;P120731$ ;0M0J$ 82#72#/#@8$ O8N8$ @P7=1207$ H$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$

P2=/@=.$N87$L.#2284$P20704$N82B8782/8J687Q$$

K$ ^$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01E$ ;0.3$ ;PC=12=C=1=1$ 8B#02$ P2B=C=$ 0/0$ >07e$

N:;:42:C:1:1$ N870.$ 4:R:4$ P2/0@3$ 1#B#18;2#$ OL.2#$ 6048N81$ .P7$ P2B=C=$ M#$ N=$

1#B#12#$;0.320731$8@6#C#$OL7#$N:;:6:2#/8;P7$P2/0@3131$/06#7;0281$P2=/@=.$N87$

L.#228C8$P2B=C=$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$$

! `F$

K$ (87$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$ RP4601$ @#R/#28$ 6#@62#7B#$ 8J07#62#/#$

;0S32/0B01$ O#R82B8C8$ .0/01$ @8@6#/81$ N=1=$ y;0123J$ ;0136201B3y$ P20704$ 40N=2$

#6/#@8181$/P68M0@;P1=$B:J:7:":E$P2=/@=.$N87$L.#2284$P2B=C=$N#;01$#B82/8J687Q$

K$(87$406323/"3$ [email protected]:4y$M#$y1P6$02y$N=6P12073131$4:R:26:2:SE$

#470131$ 026$ 4LJ#@81#$ @042010/3;P7$ P2/0@3$ P2=/@=.$ N87$ L.#2284$ P20704$ 8e0B#$

#B82/8J687Q$D;73"0E$B8C#7$N87$406323/"3$B0$q1P6$02r$S#1"#7#@8181$4:R:4$P2B=C=$M#$

#470131$B3J31B0$1P6$0231/0@310$P20104$M#7/#B8C8$#2#J6878@81B#$N=2=1/=J6=7Q$

K$T0;e0131$60/$#4701$P2/0/0@3$;018$#47013$60/$P20704$40S20/0/0@3$

H$ 48J8$ 6070e31B01$ 4P1@01670@;P1$ @0C20/0;3$ #1O#22#;8"8$ N87$ #64#1$ P20704$ 8e0B#$

#B82/8J687$ hD1"04$ N=$ eP14@8;P1$ #C868/$ 40S@0/31B0$ /#M"=6$ P2B=C=$ 8R81$ N=$

406323/"320731$ N0C201B342073$ N82O8@0;07207B048$ @P7=1207$ 1#B#18;2#$ NL;2#$ N87$

P2=/@=.2=4$;0J0B342073$B:J:1:2/#46#B87iQ$

]PoPVPVPWP)(;FHG<;IJ)4dII;DRGZHD)1;XRI;D)e;F;I;G)

qX7PO70/3$ 4=2201374#1$ #1$ RP4$ ;0S63C313.$ >060$ 1#;B8tr$ @P7=@=10$

406323/"3207B01$023101$"#M0S207$RPC=12=420$>8RN87$@P7=1$;0J01/0B3C3$;L1:1B#$

P2/=J6=7Q$ D1"04$ N0.3$ 406323/"3207$ 6070e31B01$ N#287682#1$ N8740R$ >060$ 02013$

J=1207B37k$

K$H$406323/"3E$6342010"04$1P4602073$e074$#6/#B842#78$8R81$#4701B0$N#287#1$

;#18$N=6P1207$;018$N0C20163207$;#781#$N87$@P17048$@0;e0$h82#78i$P4=10$N0@634207313$

M#$NL;2#"#$N0.3$8R#7842#78$e07431B0$P2/0B01$40R37B34207313$N#2876/8J2#7B87Q$

K$^$406323/"3$6070e31B01$8R#784$S#1"#7#@81B#1$8@6#182#1$NL2:/#$O#R/#$

8J2#/81B#$>060$P2=J6=C=$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$$

K$ (87$ 406323/"3E$ 824$ 4=22013/$ @P170@3$ /06#7;02B#1$ R343J$ B:C/#@818$

N=20/0B3C3$ 8R81$ S#1"#7#181$ 40S06/0$ B:C/#@81#$ N0@0704$ R343J$ ;0S/04$

B=7=/=1B0$ 402B3C313$ N#2876/8J687$ M#$ N=$ @P7=1=1$ R343J$ B:C/#@8181$ 4:R:4$ M#$

N#287@8.$P2/0@31B01$40;104201B3C3$M=7O=201/3J637Q$$

$

$

! `^$

]PoPVPVP[P)(;FHG<;IJD)7HIJTFJGJIKHNJ)'UJD)4;FRIRKYR)#DHGJIHGJ)

qA=22013"3$ N043J$ 0R3@3;20E$ S7PO70/$ ;0$ B0$ OL7:16:2#78$ O#28J687/#4$

0/0"3;20$ 1#$ O8N8$ B#C8J842842#7$ ;0S07B313.tr$ @P7=@=10$ 406323/"3207B01$ @P1$

B#7#"#$ ;07063"3$ M#$ ;0S3"3$ L1#782#7$ #2B#$ #B82/8J687Q$ D23101$ "#M0S207s$ #4701K

arayüz, renkKN0C20163$ 828J48@8E$ OL7@#22#7K023J637/0207E$ 8R#784$ M#$ O#.81/#$

N0J2342073$02631B0$O7=S2010704$0J0C3B0$@=1=2/0460B37Q$

!ZG;D)SH)*G;<_bIH)'I`JIJ)#DHGJIHG/)

K$ !470131$ @P2$ 026$ 4LJ#@81B#48$ ;:42#1/#$ ;:.B#@818$ OL@6#7#1$ R=N=C=1$

4=22013"3$ 6070e3$ 8R81$ RP4$ e0.20$ 0120/23$ P2/0/0@3$ 1#B#18;2#$ N=1=1$ R340732/0@3$

M#$ B=7=/$ R=N=C=1B0$ q;:42#18;P7r$ M#$ q;:42#1B8r$ 8N07#2#78;2#$ ;0.323$ P20704$

M#782/#@8$L1#782/8J687Q$I8C#7$N87$026#71068e$P20704$B0$#470131$P760@31B0$@0;e0131$

;:42#1B8C818$OL@6#7#1$N87$018/0@;P1$070"323C3;20$B=7=/=1=1$8e0B#$#B82/#@8B87Q$$

K$ !4701$ :.#781B#48$ B:C/#2#781$ 8J2#M2#78$ B84406#$ 02310704$ N#1.#7$

eP14@8;P12070$ @0>8S$ P20120731$ N87N872#781#$ B0>0$ ;0431$ ;#72#J68782/#@8$

L1#782/8J687Q$ (=$ R#7R#M#B#E$ L71#C81E$ ;07B3/$ B:C/#@8181E$ #470131$ @0C$ :@6$

4LJ#@81B#48$ #C868/B#1$ R343J$ B:C/#@8181$ @P2=10$ 02310704$ 848@8181$ ;01$ ;010$

;#72#J68782/#@8181$ >#/$ ;07B3/$ B:C/#@8181$ 8J2#M@#2$ e0742323C3131$ M=7O=201/0@3$

>#/$B#$#470131$@0C$:@6$4LJ#@81B#$N87$B:C/#$O7=N=$P2B=C=1=1$B0>0$R0N=4$

e074#B82/#@8$0R3@31B01$e0;B023$P20"0C3$N#287682/8J687Q$D;13$/01634$R#7R#M#@81B#$

0;73"0E$;#182#$B:C/#@8181E$@#@$B:.#;8$M#$@#@$0R/0K40S0/0$B:C/#$O7=N=10$

;0431$P2/0@3131$B0$e0;B023$P20"0C3$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$

K$ !C868/81$ 60/0/201/0$ ;:.B#@818$ OL@6#7#1$ R=N=C=1$ :.#781#$

O#281B8C81B#$q#C868/81$60/0/201/0$;:.B#@8r$;0./0@3$M#;0$BPC7=B01$#4701B0$

R=N=C=1$ :.#781#$ ;0.32/0@3$ 4=22013"320731$ N=$ R=N=C=1$ 8J2#M818$ 0120/0207313$

4P20;20J6370"0C3$M=7O=201/3J637Q$

K$T#@$;:42#/#$R=N=C=1=1E$ 82#72#B84R#$O#281#1$ ;#7#$ 40B0748$ 43@/3131$

60/0/201B3C313$ OL@6#7#1$ 82#72#/#$ R=N=C=$ J#4281B#$ M#782/#@8181$ 4=22013"3131$

824$ N043J60$ P$ @0;e0B048$ 8R#78C81$ 1#$ 40B073131$ 60/0/201B3C313$ OL7/#@818$

4P20;20J6370"0C3$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$

$

! `b$

K$ T0;e0$ 1=/0702073131$ :.#781#$ R8e6$ 634201B3C31B0$ 8@6#182#1$ @0;e0;0$

O86/#$ P2010C3;20$ 82O828$ 4=22013"32073$ N82O82#1B87#1$ N87$ 1P6=1$ #42#1/#@8$

önerilmektedir. $

K$ &P6$ 02$ S#1"#7#@8181$ #470131$ B3J310$ 60J310N828;P7$ P2/0@3E$ @L.2:4$ M#$

1P6$ 02$ B:C/#2#78181$ 4:R:26:2:S$ #470131$ 026$ 4LJ#@81#$ @042010N828;P7$ P2/0@3$

L1#782/8J$P2=S$1P6$02$eP14@8;P1=1=1$@:7#42828C8181$@0C201/0@3$8@6#1/8J687Q$

K$ !C868/B#E öncekiK@P17048$ @0;e0$ P4207310$ N0@/0B01$ B0$ 82#72#/#181$

/:/4:1$ P2/0@3$ L1#782/8J687Q$ (L;2#"#$ >3.201B37/04$ 8@6#;#12#781$ P42070$

N0@0N82#"#C8E$ ;0M0J$ B812#/#4$ 8@6#;#12#781$ B#$ @376207313$ ;0@20;3S$ #C868/8$

8.2#;#N82#"#42#78$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$

%HDZ"0;QI;DFR)'IJTZJNJ<IH)'I`JIJ)#DHGJIHG/)

K$ (0.3$ 4P1=$ N0J2342073$ 82#$ #4701B0$ N87$ J#;81$ :.#781#$ 634201/0@3$

O#7#468C818$ 8e0B#$ #B#1$ ;0.3207E$ =e04$ N87$ 6P1$ e0743;20E$ 437/3.3$ 7#146#B87Q$

(87N872#78;2#$ 4073J63732/0207313$ #1O#22#/#4$ 8R81$ N878181$ 7#1O8181$ B0>0$ e07423$

M#782/#@8181$ e0;B023$ P20"0C3$ N#287682/8J687Q$ '#142#7B#$ B0>0$ e0.20$ 4P1670@6$

4=2201320704$N0C20163$M#$L1#/28$1P46020731$N#287O812#J68782/#@8181$L1#/28$P2B=C=$

M=7O=201/3J637Q$

7HbJDKH<IH)'I`JIJ)#DHGJIHG/)

K$ !4701207$ 070@3$ O#R8J81$ >3.201B3732/0@3E$ @0;e020731$ B0>0$ >3.23$

yüklenmesini1$@0C201/0@3$602#S$#B82/8J687Q$$

K$ )R#784$ S#1"#7#@81B#1$ 8@6#182#1$ @0;e0;0$ O#R/#B#$ ;0J0101$ @P7=1=1$

O8B#782/#@8$602#S$#B82/8J687Q$$

7\GNHIIHG)SH)*IRTFRGK;I;GI;)'I`JIJ)#DHGJIHG/)

K$V.#22842#$4P1=$012063/20731B0$OL7@#2$LC#2#7$82#$>07#4#628$012063/20731$

0763732/0@3E$B0>0$L.O:1$M#$R#J8628$7#@8/2#781$4=220132/0@3$L1#782/8J687Q$$

K$ 9#@62#7E$ qJ8/B8$ @370$ @8.B#r$ O8N8$ 0468M86#2#781$ @0;3@3131$ 0763732/0@3E$

#.N#7#$B0;023$":/2#$60/0/20/0$O8N8$023J637/0207$R34076320704$B0>0$#6482#J8/28$

0468M86#2#7#$ 0C37234$ M#782/#@8E$ RP4601$ @#R/#28$ 6#@62#7$ ;#781#$ N=2/0"020731$

! `H$

4=220132/0@3$ L1#782/8J687Q$ D;73"0$ 6#@62#7B#E$ ;0123J$ "#M0S$ 0231B3C31B0$ BPC7=$

"#M0S$O#2#1#$40B07$e07423$e07423$@P7=20731$;L1#2682/#@8$8@6#1/8J687Q$$

'UHGJZIH)'I`JIJ)#DHGJIHG/)

K$ )R#78C81$0.026323S$N0@862#J68782/#@8E$ B#60;23$ 6#4184$N82O82#781$0.02632/0@3$

önerilmektedir. $

K$ AP1=$ 012063/3$ #@10@31B0$ 070$ 070$ N87$ 6043/$ #C2#1"#28E$ R07S3"3$

N82O82#781$ M#782/#@8$ L1#782/#46#B87Q$ (=$ N82O82#781$ 4P1=;0$ 828J481$ B:1;0B048$

O#28J/#2#78E$O:1"#2$N0.3$N82O82#78$8R#7#N82#"#C8$8e0B#$#B82/8J687Q$

K$ )@6#;#1$ 4=22013"320731$ S7PO70/$ 8R#78C81#$ 40643B0$ N=2=10N82/#2#78181$

@0C201/0@3$8@6#1/8J687Q$

! `\$

*2&,3.,)0#2-()

+?359)@!)#3!%'2!%)

D14#6$ R023J/0@3131$ O#1#281B#1$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ @P1=R2070$ N0432B3C31B0E$

406323/"320731$ N:;:4$ N87$ RPC=12=C=1=1$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842eri”

4P1=2=$ #KLC7#1/#$ /06#7;02818$ N#C#1B842#78E$ /06#7;028$ P2B=4R0$ 4=22013J23$

N=2B=42073$ OL7:2/#46#B87Q$ D14#66#$ ;#7$ 0201$ ;#B8$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#78$

R#7R#M#@81B#$ /06#7;0281E$ N0J60$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ P2/04$ :.#7#$ OL7:16:$

B:.#18E$ OL7:16:$ L.#22842#78E$ @0C20B3C3$ O#78N82B878/2#7$ M#$ >060@3.$ R023J/0@3$

4P1=20731B0$ P2B=4R0$ N0J07323$ N=2=1B=C=E$ N=120731$ ;013$ @370$ /06#7;02B#$

sunulan içerik ve materyalin gezinme özelliklerinden de orta düzeyde

/#/1=1$40231B3C3$0120J32/0460B37Q$$

,023J/0B0$#2B#$#B82#1$ R07S3"3$ @P1=R207B01$N87i, önceden eKLC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/8$ P201$ 406323/"320731$ /06#7;0281$ 4=22013J2323C3$ >04431B0$ B0>0$ P2=/2=$

OL7:J$ N82B87/8J$ P2/02073B37Q$ (=$ @P1=RE$ B0>0$ L1"#B#1$ #KLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/8;2#$

#C868/$ 02/3J$ P2/0131E$ /06#7;0281$ 02O32013J3$ :.#781B#$ P2=/2=$ #648$ ;070663C313$

P760;0$ R3407/0460B37Q$ APP>01O$ M#$ X2#@@8@$ hFGGbiU#$ OL7#$ L1"#48$ #KLC7#1/#$

B#1#;8/8E$ 4=22013"3$ M#$ 4=22013"3131$ LC7#1/#;#$ >0.37$ N=2=1=J2=4$ B=7=/=1=$

#6482#;#1$ =1@=7207B01$ N878B87Q$ A8J82#7$ #KLC7#1/#$ P760/310$ 1#$ 40B07$ RP4$

023J431207@0$ LC7#1/#$ @P1=R2073$ B0$ P$ 40B07$ RP4$ N0J07323$ P2/0460B37Q$ W1281#$

LC7#1/#$@8@6#/81#$023J431$P201$48J82#7E$/06#7;0281$60@073/3E$10@32$4=2201320"0C3$

O8N8$ 4P1=207$ ;#781#$ /06#7;02B#$ @=1=201$ 8R#784$ 82#$ 0468M86#2#7#$ M#$ N=120731$

L.:/@#1/#@81#$B0>0$70>06$PB04201/0$8/4013$N=2/0460B37207Q$$

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ (0140B0$ #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/02073$ M#$ BP20;3@3;20$

S#7@P1#281$ N=$ 4P1=B048$ B#1#;8/8$ RPC02B34R0$ B0>0$ N0J07323$ M#$ 40286#28$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#$B#1#;8/2#78181$#2B#$#B82/#@8$/:/4:1$P20N82#"#4687Q$

,023J/0B0$ 0;73"0E$ "81@8;#6E$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ @3423C3$ M#$ Y16#71#6$

4=2201/0$ ;323$ O8N8$ B#C8J4#12#7#$ N0C23$ P20704$ 406323/"320731$ /06#7;0281$

! `]$

4=22013J2323C3;20$ 82O828$ OL7:J2#781B#$ N87$ e0742320J/0$ P2=J/0B3C3$ N#2872#1/8J687Q$

D@231B0E$ 82O828$ 286#706:7B#$ L.#22842#$ Y16#71#6$ 4=2201/0$ ;323$ 82#$ @3423C3131$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

#KLC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/8$ :.#781B#48$ OL7:J2#78$ P2=/2=$ ;L1B#$ #6482#B8C8$

@0M=1=2/0460B37Q$ IP20;3@3;20E$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ N=$ @P1="=1E$ 014#6$ R023J/0@310$

406320120731$ RPC=12=C=1=1$ =.=1$ @:7#B87$ M#$ ;PC=1$ P20704$ Y16#71#6$ 4=220101E$

>P/Pa#1$ N87$ O7=S601$ P2=J=;P7$ P2/0@310$ N0C2010N8287Q$ D;73"0E$ #2B#$ #B82#1$

@P1=R207$ @0B#"#$ N=$ R023J/0$ O7=N=$ 82#$ @313723$ P2B=C=1B01$ N0J40$ N87$ O7=S$

:.#781B#$ =;O=201/0@3$ >0281B#$ e07423$ @P1=R207$ #2B#$ #B82#N82#"#C818$ N#2876/#4$

;#781B#$P20"04637Q$$

?06#7;0281$4=22013J2323C3;20$ 82O828$@P7O=20101$4786#72#7B#1$N878$P201$ 8R#784$

özelliC8;2#$ 82O828$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ P760$ B:.#;B#48$ 406323/$ P7013E$ LC7#68/@#2$ 60@073/$

NP;=6=;20$82O828$O#28J68782#N82#"#4$N0.3$0201207$P2B=C=10$8J07#6$#6/#46#B87Q$)R#784E$

N0.3$406323/"3207$6070e31B01$/06#7;0281$#1$8;8$L.#22842#78$070@31B0$@370201/3J$M#$

/06#7;028$ N8687/#$ 8@6#C8$ ;070663C3$ 8e0B#$ #B82/8J$ 01"04$ >#/#1$ >#/#1$ 0;13$

P701B048$ N87$ 43@3/$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$ B0$ =.=1$ M#$ B#60;23$ N=2=1/=J$ M#$

/06#7;0281E$ 4P1=;20$ 82O828$ ;#6#781"#$ LC7#1/#$ 8@6#C8$ =;01B37/0B3C3$ ;L1:1B#$

OL7:J$N82B8782/8J687Q$(=$40S@0/B0$#2B#$#B82#1$B8C#7$N8r sonuç ise materyaldeki

6#@62#7$ 82#$023J637/020731$N0.3$406323/"3207"0$4P1=1=1$S#48J68782/#@8$4P1=@=1B0$

;#6#7@8.$ N=2=1/=J$ P2/0@3B37Q$ D@231B0$ 6#@6E$ 023J637/0$ O8N8$ 0468M86#2#7$

406323/"320731$ RPC=$ 6070e31B01$ N#C#182/8J$ M#$ RPC02632/0@3$ ;L1:1B#$ L1#782#7$

O#68782/8J687Q$ TP1=R60E$ N=$ O8N8$ 0468M86#2#781$ M#$ #6482#J8/81$ 0763732/0@3$

406323/"320731$ >#/$ 8R#78C8$ 6048S$ #6/#$ 4P1=@=1B048$ 8@6#4$ M#$ /P68M0@;P1207313$

;:4@#26#N82#"#4E$ LC7#1/#$/P68M0@;P1207313$ 076370"04$ >#/$ B#$ 4P1=1=1$ B0>0$

8;8$S#48J68782/#@818$@0C20;0N82#"#4687Q$

?06#7;0281$ @0C20B3C3$ O#.81/#$ 8/4012073131$ B0$ B8C#7$ L.#22842#7#$

43;0@20$ B0>0$ B:J:4$ 406323/$ P701310$ @0>8S$ P2B=C=$ OL.2#1/8J687Q$ (=70B0E$

/06#7;0281$ 406323/"32070$ ;#6#78$ 40B07$ LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#7818$ ;L12#1B87/#E$

4P167P2$#6/#$8/4013$60131B3C3$M#$N=$L.#228C81$406323/"3207$6070e31B01$N#C#18;2#$

407J3201B3C3$ 01"04$ N0.3$ 406323/"320731$ 07013201$ N82O8;#$ =20J/0E$ 8@6#182#1$

#47010$ O#R/#$ 4P1=@=1B0$ @P7=1$ ;0J0B342073$ 0120J32/3J637Q$ I0>0$ RP4$

6#41P2Pa84$026;0S3;20$ 82O828$ N=$ @P7=1=1$O8B#782/#@8$ 8R81$;0S320N82#"#42#7$L1#782#7$

43@/31B0$#2#$0231/0460B37Q$$

! `_$

!2B#$ #B82#1$ 6:/$ @P1=R207$ 3J3C31B0$ /06#7;0281$ O#28J68782#N82#"#4$

;L12#781#$828J481$L1#782#7$M#$B#C#72#1B87/#2#7$0J0C3B0$0263$/0BB#$40S@0/31B0$

@=1=2/0460B37Q$$

OP)!ZG;D)SH)*G;<_bH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

!470120731$ O#1#2$ OL7:16:$ B:.#18$ #1$ ;:4@#4$ P76020/0;0$ @0>8S$

NL2:/2#7B#1$N878B87Q$A06323/"320731$RPC=$/06#7;0281$60@073/313E$#@6#684$M#$;0231E$

R023J/0@3$.#M428$P20704$186#2#1B8782/8J687Q$581#$B#$#4701$M#$070;:.$L.#22842#78181$

8J2#M@#2$0R3B01$B0>0$#6481$N87$>02#$O#68782#N82/#@8$8R81$0J0C3B048$B#C8J842842#781$

;0S32/0@3$L1#782/#46#B87k$

K$ !4701$ :.#781B#48$ B:C/#2#781$ 8J2#M2#78$ B84406#$ 02310704$ N#1.#7$

eP14@8;P12070$ @0>8S$ P201207$ N87N8781#$ B0>0$ ;0431$ ;#72#J68782#N8287Q$ (=1=1$ 8R81E$

;07B3/$ B:C/#@8$ #470131$ @0C$ :@6$ 4LJ#@81B#48$ #C868/B#1$ R343J$ B:C/#@8181$

@P2=10$ 02310N8287Q$ (L;2#"#$ >#/$ ;07B3/$ B:C/#@8181$ 8J2#M@#2$ e0742323C3$

M=7O=201/3J$ P2=7$ >#/$ B#$ #470131$ @0C$ :@6$ 4LJ#@81B#$ N87$ B:C/#$ O7=N=$

P2B=C=1=1$ B0>0$ R0N=4$ e074#B82/#@8$ @0C201/3J$ P2=7$ h(87$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$

/06#7;02B#1$ R343J$ B:C/#@8181$ 4:R:4$ M#$ N#287@8.$ P2/0@3$ 1#B#18;2#$ #C868/B#1$

R343J$ 4P1=@=1B0$ @P7=1$ ;0J0B3C3$ 8e0B#$#B82/8J687iQ$D;13$/01634$ R#7R#M#@81B#E$

;#182#$B:C/#@8E$@#@$0;072073;20$82O828$B:C/#$O7=N=1=1$;0431310$;#72#J68782#N8287Q$$

K$ !470131$ @P2$ 026$ 4LJ#@81B#$ ;:42#1/#$ ;:.B#@818$ OL@6#7#1$ R=N=4$

4=22013"3$ 8R81$ RP4$ 0120/23$ P2/0B3C3$ M#$ e0.20$ ;#7$ 40S20B3C3$ 8R81$ N=$ R=N=4$

R34076320704$ ;:42#1/#$ B=7=/=$ @0B#"#$ B=7=/$ R=N=C=1B0$ q;:42#18;P7r$ M#$

q;:42#1B8r$ 8N07#2#78;2#$ ;0.323$ P20704$ M#782#N8287Q$ I8C#7$ N87$ 026#71068e$ P20704$ B0$

#470131$ P760@31B0$ @0;e0131$ ;:42#1/#$ B=7=/=1=$ "01201B3701$ N87$ 018/0@;P1$

4=2201320N8287Q$

K$T#@$0;07$B:C/#$O7=N=;20E$#C868/81$60/0/201/0$;:.B#@818$OL@6#7#1$

R=N=C=1$ :.#781#$ O#281B8C81B#$ 82O828$ eP14@8;P1=1=1$ ;0.32/0@3$ 4=22013"3131$ N=$

B:C/#$M#$R=N=420731$8J2#M2#7818$0120/02073$0R3@31B01$e0;B0$@0C20;0N8287Q$

K$ (=2=1=201$ @0;e0$ 82#$ #C868/81$ 6PS20/$ @0;e0$ @0;3@313$ 8e0B#$ #B#1$

OL@6#7O#;#$ R8e6$ 634201B3C31B0$ 8@6#182#1$ @0;e0$ 1=/070@3$ ;0.320704$ P$ @0;e0;0$

O86/#$8/4013$/#M"=66=7Q$50$4=22013/$4320M=.=1B0$;0$B0$;07B3/$/#1:@:1B#48$

! ``$

070;:.$ M#$ B:C/#2#781$ 0120632B3C3$ NL2:/B#$ 4=22013"320731$ N=$ eP14@8;P1$

>04431B0$ N82O82#1B8782/#2#78$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3$ @0C20;01$ N=$ 8J2#MB#1$

/04@8/=/$e0;B0$@0C201/0@3$0R3@31B01$;#781B#$P20N8287Q$

K Not alma fonksiyonu sadece bulunulan sayfa üzerinde not

02310N82/#@818$ @0C20/0460$ M#$ 01"04$ 6#4707$ P$ @0;e0;0$ BL1:2B:C:1B#$ 6=6=201$

1P6=$OL7/#$8/4013$M#7/#46#B87Q$I8C#7$N87$B#;8J2#E$1P6$02$eP14@8;P1=$B0>0$RP4$

N=2=1=201$@0;e0$:.#781B#$=e04$6#e#4$1P620731$0231/0@3$ 8R81$4=22013201$N87$SP@6K

86U8$ 013/@06/0460B37Q$ d02N=48E$ 1P6$ 02$ eP14@8;P1=1=1$ #C868/$ @:7#@81"#$

4=2201320"04$ N87$ 1P6$ B#e6#78$ >0281#$ BL1:J6:7:2/#@8E$ NL;2#"#$ LC7#1"8181$ 4=7@$

NP;=1"0$ 6=66=C=$ 1P62073$ 6#4$ N87$ B#e6#7B#E$ N87$ 070B0$ OL7/#@8E$ O#7#468C81B#$

P2=J6=7B=C=$ N=$ L.#6$ 1P6601$ R3463$ 02/0@3$ RP4$ B0>0$ 4=22013J23$ P20"04637Q$ (=$

40S@0/B0E$ 1P6$ 02$ S#1"#7#@8181$ #470131$ B3J310$ 60J310N82/#@8E$ 4:R:26:2:S$

#470131$ 026$ 4LJ#@81#$ @042010N82/#@8E$ NP;=6=1=1$ N:;:6:2/#@8$ M#$ 0;13$ 1P6$

B#e6#78181$#C868/$NP;=1"0$@:7#42828C8181$@0C201/0@3$L1#782/#46#B87Q$

K$(87$406323/"3E$#C868/$@:7#@81"#$>8R$>060$;0S/0B3C313E$R:14:$4=22013/$

4320M=.=1=1$>#7J#;8$RP4$8;8$L.#62#B8C818$8e0B#$#6/8J687Q$D1"04E$6:/$406323/"3207$

N=$40B07$N8281R28$P2/0;0N82/#46#$M#$@8@6#/8$ 6013/04$ 8R81$4=22013/$4320M=.=1=$

P4=/0;0$M0486$0;37/0;0N82/#46#B872#7Q$&86#48/E$023101$N0.3$"#M0S207B01E$48/8$

406323/"320731$ L71#C81$ 8R#784$ S#1"#7#@8$ O8N8$ N87$ 8J2#M81$ N=2=1B=C=1=$ #C868/$

N866846#1$@P170$LC7#1B842#78$N#2872#1/8J687Q$(=$1#B#12#$406323/"320731E$#C868/#$824$

4#.$ N0C201B3420731B0$ 4=22013/$ 4320M=.=1=$ P4=/02073$ .P7=12=$ 6=6=20N8287E$

P4=/0B01$#C868/#$ O#R8J#$ 8.81$ M#782/#;#N8287Q$D;73"0E$ ;07B3/$/#1:@:1B#$ ;#7$

0201$ q!C868/#$ (0J2074#1$ (82/#18.$ +#7#4#12#7r$ NL2:/:$ N=$ /#1:B#1$

R34076320704$ 4=22013/$ 4320M=.=$ 40S@0/310$ 02310N8287$ ;0$ B0$ 4=22013/$

4320M=.=1B0$;07B3/$/#1:@:$0R34201374#1$N=$/#1:1:1$ 8R#78C8$>04431B0$B0>0$

B#60;23$N82O8$@0C2010N8287Q$

VP)%HDZ"0;QI;DFR)'IJTZJNJDH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

?06#7;028$ 4=2201374#1$ ;0S3201$ >06020731$ @P7O=201B3C3$ 43@3/B0$ N0.3$

406323/"3207$ 6070e31B01$6342010"04$1P46020731$e074$#B82/#;#7#4$#4701B0$N#287#1$

;#18$ N0C20163207$ ;#781#$ N87$ @P17048$ @0;e0;0$ O#R6842#78$ N#287682/8J687Q$ (=$ B=7=/E$

N0.3$ 4P1=$ N0J2342073$ 82#$ >#/#1$ 02631B0$ B8C#7$ N82O82#7$ 8R81$ 0266048$ N0C201632070$

! [GG

634201/0@3$O#7#468C818$ 8e0B#$#B#1$;0.320731$=e04$N87$ 6P1$e0743;20$437/3.3$7#146#$

P2/020731B01$40;104201/0460B37Q$$

'#142#781$0/0"3E$0;731632073$M#$M=7O=2073$OL@6#7/#4E$8S=R207313$M#7/#4$

M#$ LC7#1"8181$ B84406818$ R#4/#4687Q$ D1"04E$ 7#142#781$ e0.20$ 4=220132/0@3$ ;0$ B0$

0/0"310$ =;O=1$ 4=220132/0/0@3E$ 7#142#781$ #C868/$ :.#781B#48$ #648@818$

0.0260N82/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0$ W77$ M#$ B8C#72#78$ h[``bi$ 6070e31B01$ 7#14$

4=22013/3;20$ 82O828$ N0.3$ L1#782#7$ O#28J68782/8J687k$ (87$ #4701B0$ #1$ RP4$ 0263$ B#C8J84$

7#14$ 4=220132/023B37s$ >8S#7$ P760/207B0$ B:C/#E$ 84P1$ M#$ 4LS7:2#7$ 070@31B048$

828J482#7$7#142#7$070"323C3;20$4=7=2/023B37s$/06#7;02$NP;=1"0$7#14$4=22013/3$8J2#M$

M#$6P1$N043/31B01$6=60723$P2/023B37s$L1#mli ve kritik bölgelerde parlak renkler

4=220132/023B37s$ #4701$ .#/812#781B#$ O78$ 6P1207$ ;0$ B0$ S0@6#2$ 7#142#7$

4=220132/023B37s$;0.320731$P4=1/0@313$M#$02O3201/0@313$@0C20/04$8R81$.#/81$M#$

/#6812#7B#$.36$7#142#7$@#R82/#28B87s$/0M8K6=7=1"=E$437/3.3K;#J82E$@073K#e206=1$O8N8$

R07S3"3$7#142#781$#J2#J68782/#@81B#1$40R3132/023B37Q$$

!C868/$ #@10@31B0$ P2=J01$ >060207$ M#$ 82O828$ 286#706:7$ R#7R#M#@81B#E$

8R#7842#$ 82O828$ N82O82#781$ ;0123J23420$ 06201/0@313$ #1O#22#/#4$ 0B310$ 0J0C3B048$

L12#/2#7$02310N8287k$

K$ AP1=$ N0J23C3;20E$ B8C#7$ N82O82#7#$ =20J/04$ 8R81$ 634201/0@3$ O#7#4#1$

N0C201632073$ 8e0B#$ #B#1$ ;L1#7O#2#781$ 070@3$ B0>0$ O#18J$ 6=6=20N8287E$ N=1207B01$

N878181$ 7#1O8$ B0>0$ e07423$ M#782#N8287$ ;0$ B0$ B0>0$ e0.20$ 4P1670@6$ 4=2201320704$

N0C20163$ M#$ L1#/28$ 1P460207$ 8;8"#$ N#287O812#J68782#N8287Q$ D;73"0$ N=$ O8N8$

;L1#7O#2#781$8e0B#$#B82B8C8$;0.320731$eP16=$B0$B0>0$N:;:4$6=6=20N8287Q$

K$ (0C201632073$ 8e0B#$ #B#1$ ;0.320731$ N0J31B0$ N=2=101$ :12#/$ 8J07#68$

;#781#$B0>0$R07S3"3E$N#287O81$N87$@#/NP2E$P4E$MNQ$4=2201320N8287Q$$

WP)&HNFA)*IRTFRGK;)SH)5<`dI;K;IR)*ZFJSJFHIHGH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

9#@62#7$M#$=;O=20/023$0468M86#2#7E$406323/"3207$6070e31B01$/06#7;0281$#1$

iyi özelliklerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Nitekim, bu gibi aktiviteler

LC7#1/#181$ O#7R#42#J/#@8$ 8R81$ 868"8$ N87$ 7P2$ :@62#1/#46#$ M#$ LC7#1"8;8$ S0@8e$

P4=;="=$ ;0$ B0$ 8.2#;8"8$ 4P1=/=1B01$ 0468e$ N87$ J#482B#$ N82O8;8$ @#R#1E$ :7#6#1E$

=;O=20;01$ 4P1=/=10$ 60J3/0460B37Q$ 9#@62#7$ M#$ 023J637/0207E$ 40M70/20731E$

! [G[

6013/20731$ 8;8"#$ L.:/@#1/#@818$ @0C20/0460E$ >0637B0$ 402/0@313$

4P20;20J637/0460B37Q$ D;73"0E$ N=$O8N8$ 0468M86#2#7$ #C868/8$B0>0$#C2#1"#28$ N87$ >02#$

O#687#7#4$LC7#1/#181$B0>0$#64828$N87$J#482B#$O#7R#42#J/#@818$@0C20/0460B37Q$$

D1"04$ 014#66#$ ;#7$ 0201$ q9#@62#7$ M#$ 023J637/0207$ 4P1=1=1$

S#48J68782/#@81#$;07B3/"3$P2/0460B37r$/0BB#@81B#1$#2B#$#B82#1$P76020/0$N0.3$

4=22013"320731$ N=$ 8e0B#;#$40632/0B34207313$ 8J07#6$#6/#46#B87Q$D;73"0$/06#7;0281$

P2=/@=.$ L.#22842#78$ 82#$ /06#7;028$ O#28J687/#;#$ ;L1#284$ L1#782#781$ @P7O=201B3C3$

@P7=207$ 1#68"#@81B#$ N=$ 0468M86#2#781$ 406323/"320731$ N#42#1682#7818$ 60/$ P20704$

407J320/0B3C3$ M#$ O#7#4$ /P68M0@;P1$ @0C20/0$ O#7#4$ N82O82#7818$ @310/0$

0R3@31B01$ O#28J68782/#@8181$ e0;B023$ P20"0C3$ OL.2#1/8J687Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0$

0J0C3B048$=;O=20/02070$;#7$M#782#N8287Q$

K$ 9#@6$ M#$ 023J637/020731$ @0;3@3$ RPC026320N8287E$ .P72=4$ B#7#"#2#78$

07637320N8287Q$

K$ ,P4601$ @#R/#28E$ BPC7=f;0123J$ ;0$ B0$ cümle tamamlama tipindeki

@P7=20731$ ;013$ @370$ q@:7:42#$ N3704r$ ;0$ B0$ q#J2#J687/#r$ O8N8$ 0468M86#$ 68S2#78$

RPC026320704$ #6482#J8/28$ M#$ =;O=20/0;0$ B0;023$ 0468M86#2#7$ .#1O812#J68782#N8287Q$

D;73"0$ B:J:1B:7:":E$ 01"04$ 070J6370704$ N=2=10N82#"#4$ N0.3$ @:7S78.$ @P7=207$

;07B3/3;20$ 406323/"320731$ 070J637/0$ ;0S0704$ N82O8;#$ N8..06$ #78J/#2#78$ 6#JM84$

#B82#N8287E$N0.3$=;O=1$4P1=207$8R81$L71#4$P20;$R023J/02073$=;O=2010N8287Q$

[P)7\GNHI)#QHIHGH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

,PC=$ 406323/"3$ 6070e31B01$ #1$ RP4$ N#C#182#1$ L.#22842#7B#1$ N878$

P2/=J6=7Q$ +L7@#2$ LC#2#781$ #6482828C8$ :.#781#$ ;0S3201$ 070J637/0207E$ J#482E$ O70e84E$

7#@8/$O8N8$OL7@#2$LC#2#781$4P1=$ 8R81B#48$/#681$M#$@#/NP22#781$LC7#182/#@81B#$

M#$ >0637201/0@31B0$ #64828$ P2B=C=1=$ OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$ +L7@#2$ 0R3420/0207E$

N82O8181$P760;0$R340732B3C3$L7:16ülerin somut veya mecazi olarak resimsel yani

;073$@P/=6$8e0B#2#78B87Q$D1"04E$N=70B0$B84406$#B82/#@8$O#7#4#1$1P460$/#681$M#$

7#@8/$ /8460731B048$ B#1O#181$ 8;8$ 4=7=2/0@3$ M#$ N=$ O8N8$ LC#2#781$ @0B#"#$

M=7O=201/0;0$ R023J3201$ N82O8181$ 0R34201/0@3E$ ;P7=/201/0@3$ 8R81$ B#@6#42#;8"8$

P20704$ 4=220132/0@3B37Q$ ,:14:$ O#7#C81B#1$ e0.20$ N82O8$ M#$ OL7@#2$ LC#181$

@=1=2B=C=$#4701207$407J3@31B0$LC7#1#12#781$@34323S$B8C#7$#47010$O#R/#2#78$;0$

B0$ S7PO70/B01$ R34/02073$ P20@3B37$ hD4S3107E$ [``ìQ$ D;73"0E$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#781$

! [GF

0J373$4=222013/3$m#N$P760/31B0$>3.$@P7=1=$O8N8$S7PN2#/2#7$P2=J6=70N82/#46#B87Q$

(=$ 1#B#12#E$ #4701B0$ @=1=201$ 6:/$ LC#2#781E$ >3.$ B=7=/=$ OL.$ L1:1B#$

N=2=1B=7=20704E$@0B#$M#$8;8$N87$J#482B#$P7O018.#$#B82/8J$P2/0@3$#@0@637Q$$

?06#7;028$O#28J687/#;#$;L1#284$406323/"3207B01$O#2#1$L1#782#7 ile görsel

LC#2#781E$ 8R#78C81$ 0120J320N828728C818$ M#$ LC7#1"8181$ B84406818$ 076373"3$ L.#22842#78$

B84406#$02310704$0J0C3B048$L1#782#7$O#28J68782/8J687k$

K$ ?06#7;02B#$ 4=22013201$ OL7@#2$ LC#2#7$ .#1O812#J68782#7#4$ @60684$

7#@8/2#781$ ;013$ @370$ 4=22013201$ >07#4#628$ 7#@8/2#7$ 82#$ "01201B37/020731$ @0;3@3$

07637320N8287Q$

K$ D26;0S3$ 0C$ >3.3131$ 0763732/0@3$ L14PJ=2=;20$ B8a8602$ M8B#P$ e82/2#78$

4=2201320N8287Q$

]P)+dDdI;D)'UHGJQH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

)R#784E$ 406323/"320731$ N:;:4$ N87$ 43@/3$ 6070e31B01$ /06#7;0281$ #1$ 8;8$

özelliklerinden$ N878$ P20704$B#C#72#1B8782/8JE$ 8R#78C81$ .#1O8128C8E$ P2B=4R0$O:1"#2$

M#$R#48"8$N82O82#7$M#782/#@8181$/06#7;028$N8687/#$ 8@6#C8$;070663C3$M=7O=201/3J637Q$

D;73"0$4P1=$012063/3131$43@0E$1#6$M#$0120J3237$P2/0@3$B0$LMO:$02/3J637Q$D1"04E$

ankette içerikle ilgili gör:J2#781$ @P7O=201B3C3$ NL2:/$ 82#$ /06#7;0281$ P2=/@=.$

L.#22842#78$M#$/06#7;028$O#28J687/#;#$;L1#284$L1#782#781$0231B3C3$43@3/207B0$N0.3$

406323/"3207$ 6070e31B01E$ .0/01$ .0/01$ ;PC=1$ 4P1=$ 012063/3131$ M#$ L.#22842#$

N0.3$ 6#4184$ 4P1=20731$ RP4$ =.=1E$ B#60;23$ P20704$ #2#$ 0231/0@3131$ #C868/8$ @343"3$

>02#$O#687B8C8$M#$;#6#781"#$LC7#1/#$8@6#C8$=;01B37/0B3C3$#2#J68782#78$0231/3J637Q$$

TP1=R60E$ O#7#C81B#1$ e0.20$ N82O8;2#$ BP10632/3J$ #4701207B0$

406323/"320731$ N=$ N82O82#78$ N87$ B:.#1#$ @P4/02073$ M#$ 0120/0;0$ R023J/02073$

oldukça zordur. ,P4$ e0.20$ N82O8181$ @=1=2B=C=$ #4701207$ 407J3@31B0$ 48J82#781$

@34323S$B8C#7$#47012070$O#R/#$;0$B0$#C868/B#1$R34/0$P20@32342073$;:4@#4687Q$(=$

R#7R#M#B#E$ 8R#78C81$ >#74#@$ 6070e31B01$ 82O8;2#$ 6048S$ #B82/#@818$ @0C20/04$ 8R81$

0J0C3B048$L1#782#7B#$N=2=1/04$/:/4:1B:7k$

K$ A06323/"320731$ 82O82#7818$ @:7#428$ "0123$ 6=6/04$ 8R81$ ;PC=1$ 4P1=$

012063/31B01$ 40R310704E$ /#6812#72#$ #6482#J8/28$ 0468M86#2#781$ #J86$ 0C3723460$

B0C323/3$@0C2010N8287Q$

! [G^

K$ D12063/31$ 6#4B:.#$ N87$ >02$ 02/0@313$ L12#/#4$ 8R81$ 4P1=$ 07020731B0$

N0.3$ 82O81RE$ #C2#1"#28$ N82O82#7$ @=1=20N8287E$ 4P1=;0$ 828J481$ B:1;0B01$ L71#42#7$ ;0$

B0$O#28J/#2#7$M#782#7#4$#C868/#$7#14$406320N8287Q$

K$A06323/"320731$N82O8$M#$OL7:J$023JM#78J81B#$N=2=1/0207313$B#@6#42#/#4$

0/0"3;20$!5T$:.#781B#1$eP7=/$P760/3$60@072010N8287$;0$B0$#KSP@60$82#$82#68J8/$

6#JM84$#B82#N8287Q$

nP)7HbJDKH)#bHIIJQJDH)'IJTZJD)#DHGJIHG/)

)@6#182#1$ 4P1=B01$ N0J20/0E$ 8@6#182#1$ 4P1=;0$ O#R/#$ M#$ L1"#48$

4P1=2073$ 6#4707$ #6/#$ 0R3@31B01$ /06#7;02$ 8R81B#$ 70>06R0$ BP20J3/31$ /:/4:1$

P2/0@3$ 406323/"320731$ N#C#18@818$ 6PS20/3J637Q$ D1"04E$ N0.3$ 406323/"3207$

6070e31B01$ 8R#784$ S#1"#7#@81B#1$ 8@6#182#1$ NL2:/#$ O#R#74#1$ >060$ P2=J6=C=$

70SP7201/3J$ M#$ 0;73"0$#4701207$ 070@3$ O#R8J2#781$ .0/01$ .0/01$ ;0M0J$P2B=C=$

N#287682/8J687Q$D@231B0$N=$B=7=/=1$B0>0$RP4$0C$N0C20163$>3.31B048$;0M0J234$M#$

@0;e0207B0$ 4=22013201$OL7@#2$ ;PC=12=4601$ 40;104201/0460B37Q$ (=$ @P7=1=1$ #1$

0.0$81B87O#1/#@8$8R81$02310N82#"#4$L12#/2#7$J=1207B37k$

K$(0140131$0C$N0C20163$>3.3$8;82#J68782#N8287Q$$

K$,P4$O#7#4/#B84R#E$@0;e020731$;:42#1/#@818$ e0.20@3;20$;0M0J2060"04$

PNa#2#781$4=22013/31B01$40R31320N828187Q$$

K$ T0;e0207$ ;:42#1874#1$ #4701B0$ N#287#"#4$ N87$ 018/0@;P1$ 070"323C3;20$

406323/"320731$@3432/02073$#1O#22#1#N8287Q$$

D14#6$ R023J/0@3$ 1#68"#@81B#$ #2B#$ #B82#1$ @P1=R207E$ q#KV1$ !C868/r$

S7Pa#@8$ 40S@0/31B0$ 4=2201320"04$ qW78a8102$ (0141P620731$ V.#22842#78r$

/06#7;028181E$ 4=22013"3K/#74#.28$ M#$ 4=22013/3$ 4P20;$ N87$ 60@073/0$ @0>8S$

P2B=C=1=$ OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$ A06323/"320731$ @0102$ P760/B0$ N87#$ N87$ #6482#J8/$

8R#78@81B#$ P20"042073$ q070;:.$ 60@073/3r$ NP;=6=1=1$ M#$ N=1=1$ 4=22013"3$

/#/1=18;#6818$ 407J320;3S$ 407J320/0B3C3131$ B#C#72#1B8782/8J$ P2/0@3$ M#$ N=1=1$

>#1:.$S7Pa#E$60@073/$M#$O#28J687/#$0J0/0@31B0;4#1$;0S32/3J$P2/0@3E$S7Pa#181$

N=1B01$@P17048$0J0/02073$ 8R81$;P2$OL@6#78"8$P20"0C3$B:J:1:2/#46#B87Q$D;73"0E$

/06#7;0281$ 18>08$ 4=22013"32073$ 6070e31B01$ P2B=4R0$ N#C#182/#@8$ M#$ 8J#$ ;#18$

N0J20;01$S#7@P1#281$N=$O8N8$P1281#$#C868/2#78$.0/01$40.013/3$P20704$OL7/#@8E$

! [Gb

“eKV1$ !C868/r$ S7Pa#@8181$ >#B#e$ 4862#@8$ 6070e31B01$ N#18/@#1/#@8$ M#$ N0J073;0$

=20J/0@3$0R3@31B01$P2=/2=$N87$OL@6#7O#$P20704$B#C#72#1B8782/#@8$/:/4:1B:7Q$

Sonuç olarak, eKLC7#1/#$=;O=20/02073131$P2=/2=$;L1B#$O#28J/#@8$M#$

N0J073@3$ 60@0720101$ LC7#1/#$ P760/2073131$ 40286#@8$ 82#$ ;0431B01$ 828J4828B87Q$$$$$$$$

!KLC7#1/#$ ;L16#/81B#$ @3423420$ 407J320J3201$ #C868/8$ ;073B0$ N3704/0E$ #C868/8$

02/0;0$ 407J3$ B87#1R$ OL@6#7/#$ M#$ B:J:4$ LC7#1"8$ S#7eP7/01@3$ O8N8$ @P7=120731$

01"04$ @:7#"81$ N0J31B01$ @P1=10$ 40B07$ B#60;2073;20$ S201201B3C3E$ #C868/8$

#6482#;#N82#"#4$ 6:/$ e046L72#781$B84406#$0231B3C3$ 8;8$ ;0S3201B3732/3J$ 60@073/20720$

önlenmesi mümkündür. Bunun için eKLC7#68/$ 60@073/31B0E$ BL1O:@#2$ N87$

/01634$ R#7R#M#@81B#$ 01028.E$ 60@073/E$ O#28J687/#E$ B#C#72#1B87/#$ hN8R8/@#2$ f$

N:6:12#;8"8i$ M#$ =;O=20/0$ @:7#R2#78181$ 8.2#1/#@8$ M#$ N=$ @:7#R2#78$ P2=J6=701$

S#B0OPa84E$ 6#41P2Pa84E$ 4=7=/@02E$ 8B078E$ P1281#$ B#@6#4$ M#$ 070;:.$ 60@073/3$ O8N8$

NP;=620731$L.#12#$#2#$0231/0@3$O#7#4/#46#B87Q$$

Bu çerçeved#E$ #KLC7#68/$ 60@073/3131$ N87$ S7Pa#$ M#$ 6043/$ 8J8$ P20704$

B#C#72#1B8782/#@8E$ 40S@0/23$ M#$ RP4$ ;L12:$ 60@073/$ @:7#"8181$ N0J073;20$

;:7:6:2/#@8$ 0R3@31B01$ N:;:4$ L1#/$ 60J3/0460B37Q$ T8@6#/0684$ P20704$ >#7$

0J0/0131$ S7Pa#2#1B8782B8C8$ M#$ O#7#4@818/2#7$ 40S@0/31B0E$ BPC7=$ N82O8E$ N#"#78$

M#$6#"7:N#;#$@0>8S$48J82#781$>07/01201B3C3$N87$6043/$6070e31B01$:7#682#1$P1281#$

#C868/2#781$N#70N#781B#$40286#E$@:7#428284$M#$N0J073$O#687/#@8$40R3132/0.B37Q$

I8C#7$ 6070e601E$ #KLC7#1/#$ P760/3131$ BPC0@3$ O#7#C8E$ #C868/2#7$

N82O8@0;07$ M#$ B#7@$ ;0.323/2073$ 070"323C3;20$ @=1=2B=C=$ 8R81$ 4=22013"3207$ #C868/#$

828J481$ 824$ 8.2#18/2#7818$ N87#$ N87$ #6482#J8/$ 8R81B#$ P2B=42073$ 4=7@$ /06#7;022#78181$

ekran görüntülerinden elde etmektedirler. Bu nedenle, bir eKLC7#1/#$

/06#7;028181$ L1"#28428$ P20704$ @0C20/0@3$ O#7#4#1$ 4PJ=2E$ 4=22013"3;3$ 70>06$

#6687#"#4E$"#@07#62#1B87#"#4E$#C868/#$/#/1=18;#6$M#$8@6#42#$B#M0/$#B82/#@818$

@0C20;0"04E$ @0B#E$ 0R34$ M#$ 4P20;$ 0120J3237$ N87$ OL7@#2$ ;0S3;0$ @0>8S$ P2/0@3B37Q$

o870E$#C868/81$8R#78C8$>#7$1#$40B07$.#1O81$;0$B0$R#48"8$P2=7@0$P2@=1E$N=$N82O82#7$

4P20;"0$ =20J320N8287E$ 043"3$ M#$ 0120J3237$ N87$ ;0S3B0$ @=1=2/0B3C3$ @:7#"#$

4=22013"3131$82O8@818$R#4/#;#"#4E$LC7#1/#$8@6#C818$M#$B:.#;818$P2=/@=.$;L1B#$

#6482#;#"#4687Q$$

! [GH

(=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 4=22013"3131$ #6482#J8/#$ O87#"#C8$ S7PO70/31$ #4701B048$

görüntüsü ve ekran öz#22842#7818$ 8e0B#$ #B#1$ 070;:.$ 60@073/3$ NP;=6=$

P2=J6=7=2=74#1$ 4=22013"32070$ N0J07323$ B#1#;8/2#7$ ;0J06/04$ M#$ 4=22013"3$

/#/1=18;#6818$ @0C20/04$ 8R81$ .06#1$ P2B=4R0$ @313723$ P201$ #4701$ 02013131$

P20N82B8C81"#$ #64828$ N87$ J#482B#$ 4=220132/0@3$ O#7#4/#46#B87Q$ (=$ 0/0R$

BPC7=26=@=1B0E$ 60@073/$ @:7#"81B#E$ 82O828$ LC7#1/#$ M#$ LC7#6/#$ 824#2#78$ 82#$ N0.3$

6#/#2$ 81@01KN82O8@0;07$ #6482#J8/$ S7#1@8S2#7818$ OL.$ L1:1B#$ N=2=1B=70704E$

#6482#J8/81$ 6#JM84$ #B82B8C8E$ B0>0$ RP4$ LC7#1"8K/#74#.28$ ;0420J3/20731$

4=220132/0@310$ B84406$ #B82/#28B87Q$ (L;2#"#E$ LC7#1/#;8$ 4P20;20J6370"04E$ OL7@#2$

M#$ LC7#68/@#2$ P20704$ 8;8$ 60@07201/3J$ #C868/2#781$ >0.37201/0@3$ /:/4:1$

P20N82#"#4687Q$

TP1=R$ P20704E$ N=$ R023J/0B0$ ;0S3201$ 286#706:7$ 6070/0@3$ M#$ 070J637/0$

N=2O=2073$ S#7@P1#2$ #C868/81B#$ #KLC7#1/#$ =;O=20/02073131$ >#7$ O#R#n gün

B0>0$RP4$N#18/@#1B8C818$M#$;0;O33120J0704$4=220132B3C313$OL@6#7/#46#B87Q$)2#78$

B:.#;$ RP42=P760/$ 6#41P2Pa82#781#$ B0;023$ P1281#$ #C868/2#7$ L.#22842#$ R023J0120731$

4078;#7$O#28J8/2#7818$>3.201B37/04E$N87#;@#2$M#$4=7=/@02$O#28J8/2#7818$@0C20/04$

için oldukç0$ =;O=1$ RL.:/2#7$ @=1/0460B37Q$ (=$ 40S@0/B0E$ 0201B0$ ;0S320"04$

B#C#72#1B87/#$ R023J/02073131$ B0$ L1#/8$ M#$ O#7#42828C8$ P760;0$ R34/0460B37Q$

D201B048$ 286#706:7:1$ M#$ 070J637/0$ R023J/02073131$ 076/0@3E$ N=$ R023J/0B0$

B#C#72#1B8782#1$ #K#C868/$ O8N8$ 4=22013"3;3$ /#74#.#$ 0201E$ e07423$ N87#;2#781$ e07423$

O#7#4@818/2#781#$ ;0136$ M#7#N82#1$ 60@073/207$ 070"323C3;20$ #64828$ M#$@:7B:7:2#N8287$

LC7#1/#$ B#1#;8/2#78181$ P2=J6=7=2/0@3$ M#$ O#28J68782/#@8$ 0R3@31B01$ P2B=4R0$

L1#/28B87Q$D1"04$N=$J#482B#$O#2#"#46#$;0S320"04$#KLC7#1/#$=;O=20/02073131$

B0>0$0.$04@04234$82#$>0.37201/0207310$3J34$6=6=2/=J$P20"04637Q$

$

! [G\

)

)

)

4*13*49*)

DNN#;E$ (Q$ h!BQiQ$ hFGGGiQ$ Y1@67="68P102$ 01B$<PO1868M#$ Y/S0"6@$ Pe$c#NK(0@#B$!B="068P1Q$d#7@>#;k$YB#0$+7P=S$X=N28@>81OQ$

$D44=76E$ IQ$ hFGGFi$ "#$%#! &'! ()*+)$%,%-! ./0)*'1)2)Q$ !78J8/k$ &8@01$ FGGHQ$

>66SkffmmmQ04K4=76Q"P/fN82O8@0;07M#81@01Q>6/2Q$$D4S3107E$ 5Q$ h[``ìQ$ (82O8@0;07$ I#@6#428$ VC7#68/$ M#$ -;O=20/0207Q$ D13$

50;31"3234k$D14070Q$$D22#1E$?Q$hFGGîQ$Michael Allen’s Guide to EK*#07181OQ$&#m$5P74k$vP>1$c82#;$

z$TP1@$Y1"Q$$(02"3E$ DQ$ hFGGbiQ$ TP@;02$ (828/2#7B#$ D70J637/0k$ 5L16#/E$ 9#4184$ M#$ )24#2#7Q$

X#O#/$50;31"3234E$D14070Q$$(06#@E$'Q$ hFGGbiQ$D$<7868"02$D102;@8@$ Pe$!M02=068P1$X70"68"#k$9>#$A874S0678"4$

?PB#2$ 01B$ 6>#$ X781"8S2#$ Pe$ (#1#e8"#1"#Q$ .&%*3%/)4#! %#5! 6-4+-%2!6*%##)#+E$F]E$^b[K^b]Q$

$(#201O#7E$ pQ$ M#$ vP7B01E$ IQ$ pQ$ hFGGGiQ$ !M02=068P1$ 01B$ Y/S2#/#16068P1$ Pe$

I8@601"#$ *#07181Ok$ 9#">1P2PO8#@E$ 9PP2@$ 01B$ 9#">18n=#@Q$ *P1BP1k$YB#0$+7P=S$X=NQ$

$(82028@E$ &QE$ I028M8O0@E$ DQE$ D16P180B8@E$ DQ$ M#$ D6>010"048E$ <Q$ h[_KF[$ DC=@6P@$

FGGFiQ$ D$ ?#6>PBP2PO;$ eP7$ !M02=0681O$ TPe6m07#$ 9PP2@$ eP7$ 6>#$I#M#2PS/#16$ Pe$ !K2#07181O$ T;@6#/@Q$ 7#/'-#%/)4#%*! 84#9'-'#:'! 4#!.#+)#''-)#+!.53:%/)4#E$?01">#@6#7Q$

$(P281OE$!Q$ M#$TP=@0E$+Q$DQ$ h[``îQ$ Y16#7e0"#$I#@8O1$ Y@@=#@$ 81$ 6>#$p=6=7#$Pe$

(=@81#@@$9708181OQ$(3$)#'$$!;4-)<4#$Q$jYE$^\E$HGKHbQ$$<2074E$ IQ$ h]$ d0.8701$ FGGbiQ$=>'! ?):0! %#5! 8%-',! @45'*ABCDEQ$ !78J8/k$ ?076$

FGGHE$>66SkffmmmQ1m2814Q"P/f{BP1"2074f>8@6P7;|8@Bf"07#;Q>6/2Q$$,023J401E$ dQ$ hFGGFiQ$ W1281#$ h,#M78/8R8i$ VC7#68/81$ 90@073/3Q$ F%0%-,%!

G#)&'-$)/'$)!.H)/)2!I%0J*/'$)!?'-+)$)E$bE$V.#2$T0;3k$FE$[`_KFG^Q$$I#1O8.E$?Q$ h[GKF\$%=N06$ FGGbiQ$ X7Pa#$5L1#68/8Q$K5L2!K5L2!6-4M'!NO#'/)2)!

F'2)#'-)E$9<?($!C868/$?#74#.8E$D14070Q$$?)$/%#:'! .53:%/)4#! %/! %! P*%#:'Q! hFGGbiQ$ !78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHE$ -18M#7@86;$ Pe$

YB0>P$!1O81##781O$W=67#0">E$>66SkffmmmQ=8B0>PQ#B=f#PfB8@6^Q>6/2Q$$

! [G]

'(7F! 84223#)/,! 64-/%*Q$ hDC=@6P@$ FGGFiQ$ !78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHQ$ (014$ eP7$Y16#71068P102$T#662#/#16@E$>66S@kff#QN8@QP7OQ$

$!">8/PeE$ +Q$ hFGGGiQ$ I#@8O181O$ c#NK(0@#B$ 9708181OQ$ =':>#):%*!

84223#):%/)4#E$b]E$H_]KH`GQ$$.#4:/%Q$ hFGGFiQ$!78J8/k$ [$%=N06$FGGHE$>66SkffmmmQ#1P"60Q"P/$ f67f$ >8./#62#7|$

6#41P2Pa8Q0@SQ$$Ergün, M. (1995). (828/@#2$D70J637/0207B0$(82O8@0;0720$)@6068@684$-;O=20/02073Q$

D14070E$W"04$50;312073Q$$Ergün, M. (2005). ()*)1$'*! QH-'#2'! ='4-)*'-)Q$ !78J8/k$ &8@01$ FGGHQ$

>66SkffmmmQ#O868/Q04=Q#B=Q67f^Q$$p81O#7E$+Q$hFGG[iQ$='*'R>4#'!='%:>)#+S!=4T%-5$!84#$/-3:/)&)$/!='%:>)#+!94-!

U3-%*! %#5! U'24/'! F/35'#/$Q$ !78J8/k$ %=N06$ FGGHE$ >66SkffmmmQ007#Q$#B=Q0=$fG[S0Sf$e81G[[H_Q>6/Q$$

$pP2/#7E$ !Q$ M#$ (P@">E$ vQ$ hFGGbiQ$ D7">86#"681O$ eP7$ -@0N8286;k$ D$ T=7M#;Q$ =>'!

V43-#%*!49!F,$/'2$!%#5!F49/T%-'E$]GE$\[K]_Q$$p70#14#2E$ vQ$ 'Q$ M#$ c022#1E$ &Q$ !Q$ h[``\iQ$ dPm$ 6P$ I#@8O1$ 01B$ !M02=06#$

'#@#07">$81$!B="068P1Q$&#m$5P74k$?"+70m$d822Q$$+>0P=8E$<Q$ h!BQiQ$ hFGGîQ$-@0N8286;$!M02=068P1$Pe$W1281#$*#07181O$X7PO70/@Q$

d#7@>#;k$YB#0$+7P=S$Y1"Q$$P*4$$%-,! 49! ='-2$. (Eylül 2000). Er8J8/k$ !;2:2$ FGGHE$ Am0162#1$ -18M#7@86;E$

>66SkffmmmQ01O#2e87#Q"P/fN"f1=7@81O81eP7/068"@fO2P@@07;^Q>6/2Q$$Gülnar, B. (2003). (82O8@0;07$ M#$ Y16#71#6$ I#@6#428$ -.04601$ !C868/$

X7PO70/2073131$ 90@073/E$ +#28J687/#$ M#$ I#C#72#1B87/#$ DJ0/02073$hT-o!X$ V71#C8iQ$ 50;31201/0/3J$ ?0@6#7$ 9#.8E$ T#2R=4$ g18M#7@86#@8E$AP1;0Q$

$+:7P2E$ ?Q$ h?0;3@$ FGGFiQ$ W'X! =%X%#*L! QH-'#2'! Y'&-'*'-)#)#! =%$%-L2LQ$

!78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHE$ D10BP2=$ g18M#7@86#@8E$ >66Skff0PeFGQ010BP2=Q#B=Q67$fS7PO70/Q>6/$

$d076@P1E$ dQ$ 'Q$ h[``_iQ$ d=/01K<P/S=6#7$ Y16#70"68P1k$ Y16#7B8@"8S28107;$'PP6@$

01B$97#1B@Q$=>'!V43-#%*!49!F,$/'2$!%#5!F49/T%-'E$bÊ$[G^K[[_Q$$dP76P1E$cQ$hFGGGiQ$I#@8O181O$c#NK(0@#B$9708181OQ$&#m$5P74k$vP>1$c82#;$z$

TP1@Q$$dP76P1E$ cQ$ hFGG[iQ$ !M02=0681O$ !K*#07181OQ$ D2#Z01B780E$ jDk$ 9>#$ D/#78"01$

TP"8#6;$eP7$9708181O$01B$I#M#2PS/#16Q$$

! [G_

dP76P1E$ cQ$ M#$ dP76P1E$ AQ$ hFGGîQ$ !K*#07181O$ 9PP2@$ 01B$ 9#">1P2PO8#@Q$Y1B8010SP28@k$c82#;$X=N28@>81OQ$

$7#$/-3:/)4#%*! ?'$)+#! @'/>454*4+)'$! %#5! =':>#)Z3'$Q$ hW"04$ FGGHiQ$ !78J8/k$

?076$ FGGHE$ -186#B$ T606#@$ ?828607;$ D"0B#/;Q$ >66SkffmmmQB#01Q=@/0Q$#B=f/06>f0"68M868#@f"0S#fY1@67="68P102|?PB#2@$f>S|B#@8O1Q>6/2$

$)S#4E$ )QE$ hFGG[iQ$(82O8@0;0720$VC7#68/k$90@073/E$+#28J687/#$M#$5L16#/2#7Q$93S$

9#4184$50;31#M8E$D14070Q$$$A070N#;0.E$(Q$hFGGbiQ$[#*)#'!.H)/)25'!K-%,J<!=%$%-L2LQ$!78J8/k$&8@01$FGGHE$

?0"7P/#B80$ -@#7$ +7P=S@E$ >66SkffmmmQ//8@601N=2Q"P/f$ /0402#2#7f$#|PO7#1/#Q$

$A>01E$ (Q$ dQ$ h_K[G$ &8@01$ FGGGiQ$ D$ p70/#mP74$ eP7$ WS#1E$ p2#Z8N2#$ 01B$

I8@678N=6#B$ *#07181OQ$ =':>#4*4+):%*! .53:%/)4#! %#5! \%/)4#%*!?'&'*4R2'#/!84#9'-'#:'!]=.\?!^___È$DN=$I>0N8Q$

$A>01E$(Q$dQ$ hFGGbiQ$ 9>#$X#PS2#KX7P"#@@KX7PB="6$<P1681==/$ 81$!K*#07181Ok$

9>#$!K*#07181O$X^$?PB#2Q$.53:%/)4#%*!=':>#4*4+,E$jE$bbE$^^KbGQ$$APP>01OE$DQ$ hFGGbiQ$!ZS01B81O$ 6>#$<P1"#S6$Pe$-@0N8286;Q$ 7#94-2)#+!F:)'#:'!

V43-#%*E$]E$[F`K[b[Q$$APP>01OE$DQ$M#$X2#@@8@E$vQ$ hFGGbiQ$D7">86#"681O$-@0N8286;$X7PS#768#@$81$6>#$!K

*#07181O$ Y1@67="68P102$ I#@8O1$ X7P"#@@Q$ 7#/'-#%/)4#%*! V43-#%*! 4#! .Aa'%-#)#+E$YYYE$Ê$^_KbbQ$

$A7=@#E$AQ$hFGGbiQ$84#$/-3:/)&)$2!%#5!?)$:4&'-,!a'%-#)#+Q$!78J8/k$?076$FGGHE$

>66SkffmmmQ#K2#07181OO=7=Q"P/f0768"2#@Q$$A7=@#E$AQ$hFGGbiQ$ 7#/-453:/)4#! /4! 7#$/-3:/)4#%*!?'$)+#!%#5!/>'!K??7.!@45'*Q$

!78J8/k$?076$FGGHE$>66SkffmmmQ#K2#07181OO=7=Q"P/f0768"2#@Q$$*##E$TQ$dQ$h%=N06$[``ìQ$b$%X)*)/,!='$/)#+!94-!?'&'*4R)#+!.99':/)&'!7#/'-%:/)&'!

@3*/)2'5)%!F49/T%-'S!84#:'R/$c!?)2'#$)4#$!%#5!6-4:'53-'$Q$!78J8/k$?0;3@$ FGGHE$ >66Skff8e#6@Q8###QP7OfS#78PB8"02fMP2|F|``f@=1O|>#=/|$2##Q>6/2Q$

$*80mE$TQE$d=01OE$dQ$hFGGGiQ$!1>01"81O$Y16#70"68M86;$81$c#NK(0@#B$Y1@67="68P1k$

D$'#M8#m$Pe$6>#$*86#706=7#Q$.53:%/)4#%*!=':>#4*4+,E$bGE$b[KbHQ$$?07@8"PE$?Q$ M#$ *#M802B8E$ TQ$ hFGGbiQ$ !M02=0681O$c#N$T86#@: Exploiting User’s

!ZS#"6068P1@Q$ 7#/'-#%/)4#%*!V43-#%*!49!;32%#A842R3/'-!F/35)'$Q$\GE$^_[Kb[\Q$

$&8#2@#1E$ vQ$ hFGGîQ$ b$%X)*)/,! B_BS! 7#/-453:/)4#! /4! b$%X)*)/,Q$ !78J8/k$ ?0;3@$

FGGHE$>66SkffmmmQ=@#86Q"P/f02#76NPZfFGG^G_FHQ>6/2Q$$

! [G`

&8#2@#1E$ vQ$ h?076$ FGGHiQ$ W-)/)#+! 94-! />'! W'XQ$ !78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHE$ T=1$?8"7P@;@6#/@E$>66SkffmmmQ@=1Q"P/f`_G][^fm#Nm78681OQ$

$?"+78eeE$ TQ$ vQ$ h!48/$ FGG[iQ$ 7F?! d#4T*'5+'! (%$'S! =>'4-'/):%*! 7#/-453:/)4#Q$

!78J8/k$?076$FGGHE$>66SkffmmmQS#7@P102QS@=Q#B=fe0"=26;Q$$&P;#@E$vQ$?Q$hFGG[iQ$I#@8O181O$eP7$d=/01@Q$*P1BP1k$X@;">P2PO;$X7#@@Q$$W77E$ AQ$ *QE$ +P20@E$ AQ$ IQE$ M#$ 50PE$ AQ$ h[``biQ$ T6P7;NP07B$ I#M#2PS/#16$ eP7$

Y16#70"68M#$ ?=268/#B80$ 9708181OQ$ V43-#%*! 49! 7#/'-%:/)&'! 7#$/-3:/)4#!?'&'*4R2'#/E$c816#7E$[_KF`Q$

$Özen, Ü., Karaman, S. (Mart, 2005). W'X!=%X%#*L!b<%0/%#!.H)/)25'!F)$/'2!

=%$%-L2LQ$mmmQ04B#18.Q#B=Q67f88Nef$;#18fO#1#2fB#7O8fT0;8GFfW.#1QSBe$Q$$V.R#284E$ !Q$ M#$ 532B373/E$ TQ$ hF^KFH$ ?0;3@$ FGGFiQ$ c#N$ I#@6#428$ VC7#1/#$

W760/20731B0$(828J@#2$D70R20731$A=22013/3k$(87$I=7=/$,023J/0@3Q$KeL0!&'!b<%0/%#!.H)/)2!F'2R4<,323E$D10BP2=$g18M#7@86#@8E$!@48J#>87Q$

$X022PeeE$ 'Q$ ?Q$ M#$ X7066E$ AQ$ h[``ìQ$ (=82B81O$ *#07181O$ <P//=1868#@$ 81$

<;N#7@S0"#k$ !ee#"68M#$ T6706#O8#@$ eP7$ 6>#$ W1281#$ <20@@7PP/Q$ T01$p701"8@"Pk$vP@@#;K(0@@$X=N28@>#7@Q$

$X0@@#7818E$AQ$M#$+701O#7E$?QvQ$ hFGGGiQ$D$I#M#2PS/#1602$?PB#2$ eP7$I8@601"#$

*#07181O$-@81O$6>#$Y16#71#6Q$842R3/'-$!%#5!.53:%/)4#E$^bE$[K[HQ$$X>8228S@E$ vQ$ h[``[iQ$ d01BNPP4$ Pe$ 9708181O$ !M02=068P1$ 01B$ ?#0@=7#/#16$

?#6>PB@Q$dP=@6P1k$+=2e$X=N28@>81OQ$$X>8228S@E$vQ$h[``ìQ$d'I$97#1B@$cP72Bm8B#Q$dP=@6P1k$+=2e$X=N28@>81OQ$$X8""801PE$DQ+Q$ h[``biQ$<P/S=6#7@$ 81$ 6>#$T">PP2@k$D$+=8B#$ 6P$X201181O$01B$

DB/818@67068P1Q$&#m$5P74k$?#77822Q$$X8@4=78">E$+Q?QE$(#"4@">8E$XQ$M#$d022E$(Q$h!BQiQ$hFGGGiQ$9>#$DT9I$d01BNPP4$

Pe$9708181O$I#@8O1$01B$I#28M#7;Q$&#m$5P74k$?"+70mKd822Q$$6-)#:)R*'$! 49! [#*)#'! ?'$)+#Q$ h?076$ FGGîQ$ !78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHE$ p2P78B0$ +=2e$

<P0@6$-18M#7@86;E$>66SkffmmmQeO"=Q#B=fP1281#B#@8O1fB#@8O1B#MQ>6/2Q$$'#8O#2=6>E$<Q?Q$ h!BQiQ$ h[`_îQ$ Y1@67="68P102KI#@8O1$9>#P78#@$01B$?PB#2@k$D1$

WM#7M8#m$Pe$9>#87$<=77#16$T606=@Q$&#m$v#7@#;k$*!DQ$$'8">E$DQ$?QE$c8#O/011E$IQ$DQ$M#$WM#7N;#E$9Q$vQ$hFGG[iQ$b$%X)*)/,!.&%*3%/)4#!

49! 64T'-! F,$/'2! f)$3%*)<%/)4#! F49/T%-'Q$ !78J8/k$ &8@01$ FGGHE$DM8068P1$ '#@#07">$ *0NE$ >66SkffmmmQ>=/01e0"6P7@Q=8="Q#B=f'#SP76@z$X0S#7@$XIp@f9#">'#SP76fG[K^QSBeQ$

$

! [[G

Romiszowski, A. J. (2004). How’s the EK*#07181O$(0N;t$p0"6P7@$*#0B81O$ 6P$T=""#@@$ P7$ p082=7#$ Pe$ 01$ !B="068P102$ 9#">1P2PO;$ Y11PM068P1Q$.53:%/)4#%*!=':>#4*4+,E$bbE$HKF]Q$

$'P@#1N#7OE$?Q$vQ$hFGG[iQ$!K*#07181Ok$T6706#O8#@$eP7$I#28M#781O$A1Pm2#BO#$81$

6>#$I8O8602$DO#Q$&#m$5P74k$?"+70mKd822Q$$';B#7E$ ?Q$ hFGGHiQ$ 7#$/-3:/)4#%*! ?'$+#! @45'*$Q$ !78J8/k$ %=N06$ FGGHE$

>66Skff"07NP1Q"=B#1M#7Q#B=f{/7;B#7f86"|B060f8B/PB#2@Q>6/2Q$$F%#%*! d%2RJ$Q$ hFGGbiQ$ !78J8/k$ &8@01$ FGGHE$ >66SkffmmmQ@0102K40/S=@Q"P/f$

#2#07181O|@P.2=4Q>6/Q$$T0M#1;#E$cQE$W2810E$oQ$M#$&8#/".;4E$?Q$hFGG[iQ$TP$5P=$D7#$+P81O$6P$(#$01$

W1281#$c78681O$Y1@67="6P7Q$842R3/'-$!%#5!842R4$)/)4#E$[_E$^][K^_HQ$$T/86>E$ XQ$ M#$ '0O01E$ 9Q$ h[``ìQ$ Y1@67="68P102$ I#@8O1Q$ &#m$ 5P74k$ ?#77822$

X=N28@>81O$<P/S01;Q$$$T678"4201BE$ DQcQ$ h?076$ FGGHiQ$ K??7.! U'$'%-:>Q$ !78J8/k$ ?076$ FGGHE$ YB0>P$

T606#$-18M#7@86;$<P22#O#$Pe$!B="068P1E$>66Skff#BQ8@=Q#B=f0BB8#fQ$$%0>81E$ 9Q$ 5Q$ M#$ 532B373/E$ TQ$ h[``ìQ$ VC7#68/$ 9#41P2Pa82#78$ M#$ ?06#7;02$

+#28J687/#Q$D14070k$D13$50;31"3234Q$$9P7701@E$ <Q$ h[``ìQ$ P'$/%*/! %#5! 7#$/-3:/)4#%*! ?'$)+#Q$ !78J8/k$ %=N06$ FGGHE$

>66Skff">BQO@#QO/=Q#B=f8//#7@8P1f41Pm2#BO#N0@#f@6706#O8#@f"PO1868M8@/fO#@6026fO#@6026Q>6/$

$50231E$ dQ$ )Q$ hFGGbiQ$ VC7#68/$ 9#41P2Pa82#78$ M#$ ?06#7;02$ +#28J687/#Q$ D14070k$

&PN#2$50;31"3234Q$$$50.3"3E$ TQ$ h!BQiQ$ hFGGbiQ$ !KVC7#1/#k$ )1@01$ A0;1042073$ !C868/81B#$ T6706#a84$

IL1:J:/Q$)@601N=2E$D2e0$50;312073Q$$

! [[[

)

)

)

)

!42!%)

! [[F

!4)O)

k?%'C'3*2)0*343?&2*%,3)#8!22'42!%'l)4?3525))

!"#$%!3(!)(*&!%1*2'3'3)4522*3,62,2,4)*34!&')

(=$014#681$0/0"3E$g'AQ#!.H)/)2h$S7Pa#@8$40S@0/31B0$;#7$020"04$g[-)M)#%*!(%#0#4/*%-L#!

Q<'**)0*'-)h!4P1=2=$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;02818$ 4=22013J23234$0R3@31B01$B#C#72#1B87/#4687Q$D14#6E$ 8;8$

60@07201/3J$ N87$ #KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$070;:.:1B#$N=2=1/0@3$O#7#4#1$ ;#B8$ 4786#7$ hOL7:16:$

B:.#18E$ OL7:16:$ L.#22842#78E$ 8R#784E$ O#.81/#E$ O#78N82B878/E$ >060E$ 4=22013/$ 4P20;23C3i$

R#7R#M#@81B#$ >0.37201/3J637Q$ +L7:J2#7818.E$ @L.$ 4Pnusu materyaldeki güçlü ve yetersiz

L.#22842#781$6#@S86$#B82/#@81#$;07B3/"3$P20"04637Q$$

D14#6$:R$NL2:/B#1$P2=J/0460B37Q$(8781"8$NL2:/B#E$48J8@#2$N82O82#78$ 8R#7#1$@P7=207s$8481"8$

NL2:/B#E$ 4=22013J23234$ 4786#72#78;2#$ 82O828$ @P7=207s$ :R:1":$ NL2:/B#$ 8@#$ #KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$

4=22013J2323C3$>04431B0$0R34$=R2=$@P7=207$;#7$02/0460B37Q$$

!C868/$ /06#7;0281#$ 0J0C3B0$ OL@6#782B8C8$ :.#7#$ >66Skff/#7816Ff$ 0B7#@81B#$ ;#7$ 0201$

k5<`dI;K;I;Gl$ /#1:@:1:1$ 02631B048$ kH"?GJcJD;IA) +;EFH) 0;DZD>FI;Gl$ N0C20163@31B01$

[email protected]$$

!!C868/81$ 0J0C3B0) N#287682#1$ NL2:/2#7818$ 60/0/20B34601$ @P170$ 014#68$ [email protected]$

j#7#"#C818.$N82O82#7$@0B#"#$070J637/0$0/0R23$4=2201820"04$P2=S$4#@812842#$O8.28$6=6=20"04637Q$

0\I_K)O/$A0C36$X070131$9078>R#@8$$!$)24$X070131$W760;0$,343J3$!$W@/0123$)/S0706P72=C=1B0$A0C36$X070$!$<=/>=78;#6$IL1#/8$(0141P62073$0\I_K)V/$(0141P6$(0@3/3$!$(0141P6$?06N00@3131$9078>R#@8$! Banknot Üretimi$0\I_K)]/$IP20J3/B048$5#18$9:74$*870@3$(0141P6207$M#$+:M#1284$V.#22842#78$! 100 Yeni Türk Li70@3$!$[$5#18$9:74$*870@3$!$9*$M#$59*$(0141P6207$D70@31B048$p074207$

)2O8$M#$40643207313.$8R81$6#J#44:7$#B#78/Q$

! [[^

$$

0#2-()O/)4'6'+!2)0'27'2!%)

!!! ;'-! X)-! 2%55','! )*)10)#! 0)1)$'*! X)*+)*'-)#)<)! 3,+3#! $'e'#'H)#! 0%-1L$L#5%0)! 03/3:3H3! i! )*'!)1%-'/*','-'0!X'*)-/)#)<j!!!OP).JDNJ<HFJDJb/)) "$(0;01$

$ "$(0;$

)

)

VP)4;U)<RIMRG),DFHGDHF)ZdII;DR<>GNdDdbi)) "$[KF$;32B37$

$ "$^KH$;32B37$

$ "$H$;32B01$e0.20$

)

)

WP),DFHGDHF)ZdII;DK;)NRZIRQRDRb/)) "$d0e60B0$b$@0066#1$0.$

$ "$d0e60B0$bK\$@006$070@3$

$ "$d0e60B0$\$@0066#1$e0.20$

)

)

[P):;E;)\DYH)j;TZ;)jJG)H"\QGHDKH)K;FHG<;IJDMHD)HQJFJK);K;UIR)<;G;GI;DMRDRb)KRi)

"$d0;37$

"$!M#6$h*:6e#1$#C868/$0Bf0B207313$0J0C3B048$02010$;0.313.i$

$

$

! [[b

$

0#2-()V/)!"#$%!3(!)(*&!%1*2'3'3)4522*3,62,2,$,)

$!$K1%HL5%0)!O*e'H)!03**%#%-%0!'AOH-'#2'!2%/'-,%*)#)#!03**%#L1*L*LHL!)*'!)*+)*)!)9%5'*'-)!5'H'-*'#5)-)#)<j$$$]x90/0/#1$A06323;P7=/E$[xA06323;P7=/[email protected]/E$VxA0632/3;P7=/E$Oxd8R$A0632/3;P7=/$$$

Tüm ekranlar

Materyalde sunulan içerik beklentilerime cevap vermektedir.

! [[H

Materyal içerisinde gezinmek ve aranan bilgiy

Materyalde verilen yönergeler ve mesajlar bilgilendiricidir.

göstericidir.

!$

! [[\

$$

0#2-()W/)!"#$%!3(!)(*&!%1*2'3'3)4522*3,62,2,$,)e*44,3:*)7!3!2)

+?%52*%$

$

!$ K1%HL5%0)! $4-3*%-L! R-4+-%2L#! +'#'*! O<'**)0*'-)#)! 5J1J#'-'0! :'&%R*%,L#L<j! (41*30*%-%!$LH2%,%#!:'&%R*%-L#L<!)e)#!$%,9%#L#!%-0%$L#L!03**%#%X)*)-$)#)<j!!$

$

OP$A=2201B3C313.$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$HD)J<J$L.#228C8$/ özellikleri neydi?$

$

$

$

$

$

VP$A=2201B3C313.$#KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028181$HD)Z\F_$L.#228C8$f$L.#22842#78$1#;B8t$

$

$

$

$

$

WP$X7PO70/3$4=2201374#1$#1$RP4$;0S63C313.$E;F;$1#;B8t$

$

$

$

$

$

[P$ A=22013"3$ N043J$ 0R3@3;20E$ S7PO70/$ ;0$ B0$ OL7:16:2#78$ O#28J687/#4$ 0/0"3;20$ 1#$ O8N8$

B#C8J842842#7$;0S07B313.t$

$

$

$

$

$

]P$!KLC7#1/#$/06#7;028$>04431B0$#42#/#4$8@6#B8C818.$>#7>01O8$N87$J#;$M07$/3t$

$

$

$

$

Documents

0’%)(*&!%1*2’3) 4522*3,62,2,$,3*)’2’64’3)4*&,2,(.8m$ $ ^q^qfq[q$!c868/81$!648@8181$i#c#72#1b8782/#@8$ha874s0678"4$$ $ $$$$$?pb#28i$qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq$b‘$

0’%)(&!%12’3) 45223,62,2,$,3)’2’64’3)4*&,2,(.8m$ $ ^q^qfq[q$!c868/81$!648@8181$i#c#72#1b8782/#@8$ha874s0678"4$$ $ $$$$$?pb#28i$qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq$b‘$