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THE SENTENCE

The units fit

together to

compose the whole

The words, called parts of speech are

arranged in an understandable way

The heart of the sentence is the predicate

denotes the action, asserts experiences,

states existence in one form or the other.

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While I was waiting for my date

Mothers loveThe panda eats, shoots, and leaves

Come here, Joe

Which came with the package

Hearts aflame

Consider this

Sit

Analysts study trends

Dinner is served; go to the dining room

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How to Identify:

Adverb - Ask yourself: "Does this answer 'When,' 'Where,' 'How,' or 'To

what extent?'?"Predicate Nominative - Ask yourself: "Is it a noun?" "Does it rename

the subject?" "Is the verb a linking verb?"

Predicate Adjective - Ask yourself: "Does it modify the subject, yet is it

in the predicate?" "Is the verb a linking verb?"

Direct Object - Ask yourself: "Does this answer: 'verb + whom? orwhat?'"

Indirect Object - Ask yourself: "Does this answer: 'for whom?' or 'to

whom?'?"

Gerund - Ask yourself: "Does it look like a verb even though it is part of

the subject?" or "Does it look like a verb even though it modifiessomething else?"

Preposition - Ask yourself: "Does it show a relationship with 'the box'?"

(Examples: around the box, under the box, to the box)

Conjunction - Just remember this: FAN BOYS (F= for, A= and, N= nor,

B= but, O= or, Y= yet, S= so)

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Luisa collects gems.

Monina bakes delicious cakes.

Mother bought groceries.

Please show some respect.

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Objects and Complements

Direct object: receives the mental or

physical action conveyed by the verb.

Analysts study trends. Children love clowns.

Executives want results.

I see friends.

http://www.balsabridge.com/graph/graph-avg.gif

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Teachers give students guidance.

Send them your greetings.

We awarded them prizes.

Leave me room.

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Peter read stories.

Maria wrapped gifts.

Mother gave advice.

TRANSITIVE

VERBS NEED A

DIRECT OBJECT

Peter read storiestothe children.

Maria wrapped gifts

for her mother. Mother gave advice

to my cousins.

TRANSITIVEVERBS MAY HAVE

A DIRECT OBJECT

AND AN INDIRECTOBJECT

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The storieswere read

by Peter.

The giftswere

wrapped by Maria.

The advicewas givenby Mother.

TRANSITIVE

VERBS CAN BETRANSFORMED

TO THE PASSIVE

VOICE.

Trends are studied by analysts.

Clowns are loved by children.

Results are wanted by executives.

Friends are seen by me.

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LINKING VERBS: verbs of Being

Circumstances are right.

Adjectives are modifiers.

I am optimistic. You should be president.

You will be free.

He felt feverish.

It is turning colder.

Lemons taste bitter

Describe the subject or serve as synonyms:

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Intransitive Verbs

She smiles sweetly.

He runs fast.

The sun shines brightly.

We work.

She walks.

Children grow.

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Word groups as Sentence Elements

Phrase Compound subject; compound predicate,

compound object

Modifier; prepositional phrase Clause:

Independent Clause can stand on its own

Dependent Clause cannot stand on its

own; needs an independent clause to

support it.

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Mary and Teresa are

sisters.

Compound Subjects

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They sanganddanced.

Compound Verbs

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cheesecake

Mary ate ice creamand

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We sentsenatorsandrepresentatives

letters.

Compound Indirect Objects

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Compound Complements

Dogscat

s

an

dare

cuteexpensi

ve

bu

t

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The woman sweeps the floor

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adj.

The old woman sweeps the

dirty floor

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The old woman withthe dirty

broom sweeps the floorofher

house whenever she can.

a

d.

adj

.

adj.

ver

b

subje

ct

sub

.

conj

.

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A restrictive phrase or clause is one that is so

essential to the meaning of the sentence (or clause)

that it cannot be omitted without substantially changing

the meaning of the sentence (or clause). Restrictive

phrases and clauses are NOT set off by commas.

Modifying a sentence

Sentences flesh out their skeletal parts with

secondary components called modifiers. Modifiers

can restrict the meaning of the word being modified:

restricting or defining

The man living in the apartment downstairsis eighty-five years old.

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Modifiers can just give

supplementary information:nonrestricting, just adds a detail

My grandfather, who lives in the

apartment downstairs, is eighty-

five years old.