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Presenters Name :

Azhari Fithrah

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What IsGroundwater?

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SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

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SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

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SIKLUS HIDROLOGI

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Evaporation: The process by which water is changed fromliquid to a gas or vapor.

and why it occurs ?

Transpiration : The process by which moisture is carried

through plants from roots to small pores on the undersideof leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released tothe atmosphere.

Evapotranspiration: The process by which water vapor isdischarged to the atmosphere as a result of evaporationfrom the soil and transpiration by plants

Condensation : The process in which water vapor in theair is changed into liquid water.

Precipitation: The discharge of water, in liquid or solidstate, out of the atmosphere, generally upon a land orwater surface

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Surface runoff: Precipitation runoff which travelsover the soil surface to the nearest streamchannel

Streamflow: The movement of water in a natural

channel, such as a river

Infiltration: The downward movement of waterfrom the land surface into soil or porous rock

Ground-water discharge: The movement ofwater out of the ground

Spring: Place where a concentrated dischargeof ground water flows at the ground surface

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Sublimation : The conversion between the solidand the gaseous phases of matter, with nointermediate liquid stage

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Ground wateris water held within theinterconnected openings of saturated rockbeneath the land surface.

Rain and snowmelt infiltrate the ground. Soiland rock act as giant sponges full of tinypores and cracks that are usually less thanmillimetres in size. Below the water table,these holes are full of water. This is

groundwater.

http://www.purdue.edu/dp/envirosoft/groundwater/src/gw.htmhttp://www.purdue.edu/dp/envirosoft/groundwater/src/gw.htm

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Banyaknya kandungan airtanah di suatudaerah tergantung pada :

Iklim terutama curah hujan

Vegetasi

Topografi

Litologi

Derajat porositas batuan

Struktur geologi Kondisi lingkungan

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Distribusi Vertikal Airtanah

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Soil water

zone

Zone of

aeration Suspended water

(vadose water)

Zone of

saturation

intermediate

zone

capillary

zone

Soil water

Pellicular dan

gravitational water

Capillary water

mat

Groundwater

Bedrock

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Faktor pengontrol infiltrasi a.l :

karakter hidrolik material

kemiringan lereng,

gravitasi dan vegetasi

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Sifat Batuan Terhadap Airtanah

Akuifer

Akuiklud Akuifug

Akuitard

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Jenis Akifer

Unconfined aquifer

Confined aquifer

Leakage aquifer Perched aquifer

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Mata Air (Springs)

pemusatan dari pengeluaran airtanah yangmuncul pada permukaan tanah sebagaiarus dari aliran air (Todd & Tolman).

air yang keluar secara alamiah pada suatutempat dari celah yang tertentu (Ries).

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Jenis mata air

Depression springs

Contact springs

Farcture artesian springs Solution springs

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