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()
.
( )
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:
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:
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:
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Laptop
Mobile
Printer
Camera
Internet
Host intranet Home intranetWAP
Wireless LAN
phone
gateway
Host site
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(resource sharing)
,
:
,
50,
, Lost,
iTunes,
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:
( Middleware)
: ( )
:
:
& : , ,
: ,
: ! 7
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:
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Applications, services
Computer and network hardware
Platform
Operating system
Middleware
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(Middleware)
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/ (Client/Server)To :
service: server
server: /
client: /
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Directory server Print server File server
client client
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(Peer-to-Peer)
(,)
: Napster,Gnutella, FastTrack, Kontiki,Osiris, Skype)
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Client/Server
(proxy servers)
(caching)
(mobile code)
(mobile agents)
(network computers)
() (thin clients)
(fat clients)
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(throughput)
( video)
-
- .
,
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(interaction model) , , ( ).
(failure model)
(security model)
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:
:
-
-
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(omission failures)
o
()
+
: (.. , checksum
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George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore and Tim Kindberg,Distributed Systems, Concepts and Design, AddisonWesley, Fourth Edition, 2005
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