àñVwV àH$meZ ‘o§ g~go nhco h‘Zo ^maV ‘o§ d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a n`m©daUr` Am`m‘mo§ Ho$ ~mao ‘o§ Hw$N> VÏ` {XE h¡§& BgHo$ ~mX h‘Zo CgHo$ n`m©daUr` à^mdmo§ H$m EH$ {dñV¥V coIm-OmoIm VWm EH$ ~ohVa ^{dí` H$s Amoa OmZo dmco d¡H$pënH$ amñVo gwPmE h¡§&

{nN>co Xmo XeH$mo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ h‘mao Xoe Zo O~X©ñV Am{W©H$ VaŠH$s H$s h¡& co{H$Z Bg H$m‘`m~r H$m EH$ A§YH$ma‘` nhcy ^r h¡ Omo h‘mar ZOamo§ go AmoPc `m AZOmZ Ny>Q> J`m h¡& ‘wëH$ H$s AmYr go Á`mXm Am~mXr `m Vmo VaŠH$s H$s Bg Xm¡‹S> ‘o§ nrN>o Ny>Q> JB© h¡ `m Bg VaŠH$s H$s H$s‘V MwH$m ahr h¡& n`m©daU H$mo Omo ñWm`r ZwH$gmZ nhþ§Mm h¡ gmo AcJ& d¡pídH$ {dH$mg H$m ‘m¡OyXm VmZm-~mZm Z Vmo n`m©daUr` ñVa na {Q>H$mD$ h¡ Am¡a Z hr gm‘m{OH$ g‘mZVm Ho$ {cE AZwHy$c h¡& `o {h§XþñVmZ H$mo Am¡a Á`mXm VrIo Q>H$amdmo§ d H$ï>mo§ H$s Amoa YHo$c ahm h¡& co{H$Z Xÿgar Amoa h‘mao gm‘Zo H$B© Eogo d¡H$pënH$ Vm¡a-VarHo$ Am¡a amñVo ^r h¡§ {OZ na McVo hþE h‘ YaVr H$s gohV H$mo ZwH$gmZ nhþ§MmE {~Zm EH$ Á`mXm g‘VmnaH$ d Iwehmc ^{dî` H$s Va’$ ~‹T> gH$Vo h¡§& `h amñVm EH$ ‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì H$m {hñgm h¡&

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d¡ídrH$aU go ^rfU Jar~r na H$moB© Aga Zhr n‹S>m h¡ &

AW©ì`dñWm H$s Xem

) 2003-08 Ho$ Xm¡amZ h‘mao Xoe Zo A~ VH$ H$s g~go emZXma {dH$mg Xa XO© H$s h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm H$s {dH$mg Xa Am¡gVZ 8-9 à{VeV gmcmZm ahr h¡& na§Vw 2007-08 ‘o§ npíM‘r AW©ì`dñWmAm| go ewê$ hþB© ‘hm‘§Xr H$m Bg CN>mh na ^r grYm Aga n‹S>m h¡& 2008-12 Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^maV H$s {dH$mg (OrS>rnr) Xa 6.7-8.4 à{VeV Ho$ ~rM PycVr ahr h¡& 2012 Ho$ `yamo µOmoZ g§H$Q> Ho$ H$maU VWm Am§{eH$ ê$n go ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm Ho$ ^rVa ‘¡Ý`y’o$ŠM[a§J Ed§ IoVr ‘o§ AmE R>hamd H$s dOh go {dH$mg Xa Am¡a ^r ZrMo Mcr JB© h¡& 2011-12 H$s Mm¡Wr {V‘mhr ‘o§ {dH$mg Xa 5.3 à{VeV ahr Omo VH$ar~Z Zm¡ gmc ‘o§ g~go H$‘ {dH$mg Xa Wr& 31 ‘mM© 2012 H$mo IË‘ hþB© {V‘mhr ‘o§ ‘¡Ý`y’o$ŠM[a§J joÌ H$s {dH$mg Xa 0.3 à{VeV na nhþ§M JB© Wr Omo 2010-11 H$s Bgr {V‘mhr ‘o§ 7.3 à{VeV Wr& H¥${f CnO ‘o§ ^r Hw$N> Eogm hr éPmZ {XImB© {X`m& Bg {V‘mhr ‘o§ H¥${f CnO ‘o§ Ho$dc 1.7 à{VeV H$m BOm’$m XO© {H$`m J`m O~{H$ 2010-11 H$s Mm¡Wr {V‘mhr ‘o§ `o BOm’$m 7.5 à{VeV Wm& g§H$Q>mo§ ‘o§ ’§$gr {díd AW©ì`dñWm Ho$ gmW Jhao Vm¡a na ~§Yo hmoZo H$s dOh go AmZo dmco Xm¡a H$s Vñdra ~ohX A{ZpíMV {XImB© XoZo cJr h¡&1

) 1991 go A~ VH$ Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZ {VJwZm hmo J`m h¡ O~{H$ {~Ocr CËnmXZ XwJZo go ^r D$na Mcm J`m h¡& ~w{Z`mXr T>m§Mo H$m ’¡$cmd ^r à^mdemcr ahm h¡& g§Mma gmYZmo§ VWm dm`w, aoc Ed§ g‹S>H$ `mVm`mV H$s JwUdÎmm ‘o§ ^mar {dñVma Am¡a gwYma Am`m h¡&2

) 2009 ‘o§ h‘mao `hm§ 2700 go Á`mXm ~hþamï´>r` H§$n{Z`m§ H$m‘ H$a ahr Wr§&3

) {XZmo§{XZ ~{h‘©wIr hmoVr Om ahr AW©ì`dñWm ‘o§ Xoe Ho$ {dXoer H$O} H$mo ^r CgHo$ {dXoer ‘wX«m ^§S>ma Ho$ gmW {‘cmH$a XoIZm Oê$ar h¡& 1991 ‘o§ {dXoer H$Om© 83 Aa~ S>m°ca Wm Omo 2008 ‘o§ 224 Aa~ S>m°ca nhþ§M J`m Wm& `h H$Om© OrS>rnr H$m cJ^J 20 à{VeV Wm& {nN>co Hw$N> gmcmo§ ‘o§ `h H$O© Am¡a VoOr go ~‹T>m h¡& ‘mM© 2011 Am¡a ‘mM© 2012 Ho$ ~rM `o 306 Aa~ S>m°ca go ~‹T>H$a 345 Aa~ S>m°ca VH$ nhþ§M MwH$m h¡& BgH$s VwcZm {dXoer ‘wX«m ^§S>ma go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Omo 1991 ‘o§ cJ^J eyÝ` na nhþ§M J`m Wm Am¡a 2012 ‘o§ 287 Aa~ S>m°ca Wm& {nN>co Hw$N> g‘` ‘o§ ^maV go ny§Or Ho$ {ZJ©‘ H$s dOh go {dXoer ‘wX«m ^§S>ma ‘o§ Hw$N> {JamdQ> AmB© h¡& OwcmB© 2011 ‘o§ `o 314 Aa~ S>m°ca Wm Omo gmc ^a ~mX 287 Aa~ S>m°ca ah J`m Wm&4

) ^maV H$m ì`mnma KmQ>m (Am`mV Am¡a {Z`m©V H$m ’$mgcm) Zã~o Ho$ XeH$ H$s ewéAmV go hr VoOr go ~‹T>Zo cJm Wm& godm ì`mnma Zo Am§{eH$ ê$n go BgH$s ^anmB© Vmo H$a Xr h¡ co{H$Z `h ’$mgcm Xoe Ho$ {dXoer ‘wX«m ^§S>ma ‘o§ {JamdQ> H$m ñnï> g§Ho$V h¡& 2004 ‘o§ h‘mam KmQ>m OrS>rnr H$m 0.4 à{VeV Wm Omo 2011-12 ‘o§ ~‹T> H$a 3.6 à{VeV VH$ Om MwH$m Wm&5

) 2011-12 ‘o§ ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ Hw$c ~OQ> ì`` H$m 30 à{VeV IMm© H$Om] H$m ã`mO MwH$mZo ‘o§ Om ahm Wm& Bg àH$ma, `h gaH$ma Ho$ IMm] H$m g~go ~‹S>m ‘X h¡& BgHo$ ‘wH$m~co ajm na 8 à{VeV Am¡a ñdmñÏ` d {ejm na Hw$c {‘cmH$a 2 à{VeV go ^r H$‘ IMm© {H$`m Om ahm h¡&6

) 2007-08 go ewê$ hþB© d¡pídH$ ‘§Xr Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^maV gaH$ma H$mo ^r AW©ì`dñWm ‘o§ ~‹S>o n¡‘mZo na XIc XoZm n‹S>m Vm{H$ {g§V~a 2008 Ho$ ~mX A§Vam©ï´>r` ~mOmamo§ Ho$ Ma‘amZo H$m Aga ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm na Z n‹S>o& 2008-09 ‘o§ gaH$ma H$mo AW©ì`dñWm ‘o§ Hw$c 1200 Aa~ én`o (27 Aa~ S>m°ca) H$s ny§Or Pmo§H$Zr n‹S>r Omo OrS>rnr Ho$ 2 à{VeV go Á`mXm ~¡R>Vr h¡&7

g‘mO H$s Xem

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) c§XZ pñWV Ý`y BH$m°Zm°{‘Šg ’$mC§So>eZ (EZB©E’$) Zo {díd ~¡§H$ Ho$ Am§H$‹S>mo§ Ho$ AmYma na {hgm~ cJm H$a ~Vm`m h¡ {H$ AJa 1990 go 2001 Ho$ ~rM Xw{Z`m H$s à{V ì`pŠV Am` ‘o§ 100 S>m°ca H$s d¥{Õ hþB© h¡ Vmo Cg‘o§ go Ho$dc 0.60 S>m°ca d¥{Õ hr AnZr Agcr ‘§{Oc VH$ nhþ§Mr h¡ {OgZo EH$ S>m°ca à{V{XZ go ^r ZrMo OrdZ`mnZ H$aZo dmcmo§ H$s Jar~r na A§Hw$e cJmZo ‘o§ `moJXmZ {X`m h¡& BgH$m ‘Vc~ `o h¡ {H$ AJa h‘o§ Jar~mo§ H$s Am` ‘o§ EH$ S>m°ca à{V{XZ H$m BOm’$m H$aZm h¡ Vmo J¡a-Jar~mo§ H$mo 165 S>m°ca A{V[aŠV XoZo hmo§Jo&8

) O~ 1991 ‘o§ Am{W©H$ gwYmamo§ H$m {gc{gcm ewê$ hþAm Wm V~ ‘mZd {dH$mg gyMH$m§H$ ({Og‘o§ gmjaVm, OrdZ àË`mem/Am¡gV C‘« VWm à{V ì`pŠV Am` em{‘c h¡§) na ^maV Xw{Z`m Ho$ Xoemo§ H$s gyMr ‘o§ 123do§ ñWmZ na hþAm H$aVm Wm& 2009 ‘o§ h‘mam Xoe 134do§ ñWmZ na Om nhþ§Mm h¡&9

) ^maV gaH$ma Ûmam Ag§J{R>V joÌ H$s g‘ñ`mAm| na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {cE ~Zm`r JB© AOw©Z goZJwám H$‘oQ>r Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, 2007 ‘o§ ^maV H$s 77 à{VeV Am~mXr (`mZr 83.6 H$amo‹S> cmoJ) 20 én`o à{V{XZ go ^r H$‘ Am` na OrdZ`mnZ H$a aho Wo& BgH$m ‘Vc~ h¡ {H$ h‘mao nmg BVZr ^`mZH$ {dnÝZVm ‘o§ OrZo dmcr Am~mXr AmOmXr Ho$ g‘` H$s Hw$c ^maVr` Am~mXr go cJ^J T>mB© JwZm hmo MwH$s h¡&10

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) Jar~r Ho$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE ~ZmB© JB© Vo§Sw>cH$a H$‘oQ>r, {OgZo 2009 ‘o§ `moOZm Am`moJ H$mo AnZr [anmoQ>© gm¡§nr Wr, Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ 2004-05 ‘o§ ^maV ‘o§ Jar~mo§ H$m AZwnmV J«m‘rU BcmH$mo§ ‘o§ 41.8 à{VeV Am¡a ehamo§ ‘o§ 25.7 à{VeV Wm& Bg AÜ``Z Ho$ {cE Jar~r H$s aoIm H$m n¡‘mZm Jm§dmo§ ‘o§ 15 én`o à{V ì`pŠV à{V {XZ Am¡a ehamo§ d H$ñ~mo§ ‘o§ cJ^J 20 én`o à{V ì`pŠV à{V {XZ V` {H$`m J`m Wm&11

) AmO {h§XwñVmZ H$s à{V ì`pŠV Am` 150 én`o à{V {XZ h¡& Xoe Ho$ 80 à{VeV cmoJmo§ H$s X¡{ZH$ Am` Bggo H$‘ h¡&12

) Xw{Z`m ^a ‘o§ Aënnmo{fV cmoJmo§ H$s g~go ~‹S>r Am~mXr {h§XwñVmZ ‘o§ ~gVr h¡& `h Am~mXr gmao Cn-ghmam A’«$sH$m Ho$ Aënnmo{fV cmoJmo§ H$s Hw$c g§»`m go ^r Á`mXm h¡& E’$EAmo Zo 2004-06 H$s Ad{Y Ho$ {cE `h Am~mXr 25.1 H$amo‹S>, `mZr Xoe H$s Hw$c Am~mXr H$m EH$ Mm¡WmB© ~Vm`r Wr& Bg‘o§ OZg§»`m d¥{Õ Am¡a OrdZ àË`mem ‘o§ BOm’o$ H$m {g’©$ Am§{eH$ `moJXmZ h¡& A^r ^r h‘mao nmg n`m©á ^moOZ h¡, E’$grAmB© Ho$ JmoXm‘ AZmO go nQ>o ahVo h¡§ Am¡a BgHo$ ~mdOyX 20 H$amo‹S> go Á`mXm cmoJ amoO ^yIo noQ> gmoVo h¡§ Am¡a 5 H$amo‹S> go Á`mXm Eogo h¡§ Omo ^wI‘ar H$s H$Jma na gm§g co aho h¡§&13

) 2005-10 Ho$ ~rM Xoe Ho$ {d{^ÝZ amÁ`mo§ ‘o§ JwOamV H$s {dH$mg Xa g~go Á`mXm (Xmo A§H$mo§ dmcr) ahr h¡& gaH$mar Am§H$‹S>mo§ Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, JwOamV ‘o§ 1992-93 ‘o§ VrZ df© go H$‘ Am`w dmco Eogo ~ƒmo§ H$s g§»`m 44 à{VeV Wr {OZH$m {dH$mg AdéÕ h¡& 2005-06 ‘o§ ^r `hm§ Eogo ~ƒmo§ H$s g§»`m 42 à{VeV Wr (~mX Ho$ Am§H$‹S>o CncãY Zhr§ h¡§)& gm‘mÝ` go H$‘ dOZ dmco ~ƒmo§ H$m AZwnmV ^r gwYmamo§§ Ho$ Bg Xm¡a ‘o§ cJ^J nhco O¡gm hr ahm h¡ (47-48 à{VeV)&14

) ^maV H$s "{dH$mg'n[a`moOZmAm| Ho$ H$maU {dñWm{nV hmo MwHo$, `m n[a`moOZm à^m{dV cmoJmo§ H$s g§»`m 1947 go A~ VH$ cJ^J 6 H$amo‹S> ahr h¡& `moOZm Am`moJ Ûmam cJ^J 2.1 H$amo‹S> {dñWm{nVmo§ na {H$E JE AÜ``Zmo§ go nVm Mcm {H$ CZ‘o§ go 40 à{VeV go Á`mXm Am{Xdmgr cmoJ aho h¡§ O~{H$ ^maV H$s Hw$c Am~mXr ‘o§ Am{Xdm{g`mo§ H$m {hñgm Ho$dc 8 à{VeV h¡&15

) 2008-09 ‘o§ {H$E JE EZEgEg gd}jUmo§ Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, ^maVr` ehamo§ ‘o§ 49,000 Pw½Jr-~pñV`m§ h¡§& 2003 Ho$ EH$ g§`wŠV amï´> AÜ``Z ‘o§ ~Vm`m J`m Wm {H$ ^maV H$s AmYr

go Á`mXm ehar Am~mXr Pw½Jr-~pñV`mo§ (nwZdm©g ~pñV`mo§ g{hV) ‘o§ ahVr h¡& nyar Xw{Z`m ‘o§ Eogo cmoJmo§ H$s g§»`m EH$ {VhmB© h¡&16

) ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm Ho$ Am¡nMm[aH$ (g§J{R>V) joÌ ‘o§ amoOJmamo§ H$s g§»`m 1991 go 2007 Ho$ ~rM VH$ar~Z 2.7 H$amo‹S> Ho$ Amgnmg hr W‘r ahr h¡& `h g§»`m ^maV H$s Hw$c l‘epŠV Ho$ 6 à{VeV go ^r H$‘ h¡&17

) 1991 ‘o§ AZmOmo§ Am¡a Xmcmo§ H$s à{V ì`pŠV X¡{ZH$ CncãYVm 510 J«m‘ Wr Omo 2007 ‘o§ 443 J«m‘ à{V ì`pŠV VH$ {Ja JB© Wr&18

) Aà¡c 2009 ‘o§ ^maV ‘o§ ‘mo~mBc ’$moZ BñVo‘mc H$aZo dmcmo§ H$s g§»`m 40.3 H$amo‹S> Wr& BZ‘o§ go cJ^J 46 à{VeV `mZr 18.7 H$amo‹S> cmoJ Eogo Wo {OZHo$ nmg {H$gr ~¡§H$ ‘o§ ImVm Zhr§ h¡& ^maV Ho$ 6 cmI Jm§dmo§ ‘o§ go Ho$dc 5.2 à{VeV Jm§d Eogo h¡§ Ohm§ {H$gr ~¡§H$ H$s H$moB© emIm h¡& BgH$s dOh go hr Á`mXmVa {H$gmZ ‘hmOZmo§ Am¡a gyXImoamo§ Ho$ M§Jwc ‘o§ ’§$go ahVo h¡§&19

) H$Om] Ho$ ~moP go V§J AmH$a 1997-2008 Ho$ ~rM Xmo cmI {H$gmZ IwXHw$er H$a MwHo$ Wo (gwYmamo§ Ho$ ewê$ hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Bg g§»`m ‘o§ VoOr go BOm’$m hþAm h¡)& BZ 10 gmcmo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ Am¡gVZ cJ^J ha 30 {‘ZQ> ‘o§ EH$ {H$gmZ AmË‘hË`m H$a ahm Wm&20

) 2009 Ho$ ZrcgZ gd}jU Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ ^maV Ho$ 22 H$amo‹S> n[admamo§ ‘o§ go Ho$dc 25 cmI n[adma Eogo h¡§ {OZHo$ nmg H$ma Am¡a H§$ß`yQ>a, XmoZmo§ gmYZ h¡§& {dXoemo§ ‘o§ g¡a-gnmQ>o Ho$ {cE OmZo dmco n[admamo§ H$s g§»`m Ho$dc EH$ cmI h¡&21

) VH$ar~Z 60 à{VeV ^maVr`mo§ Ho$ nmg A^r ^r g‘w{MV ñdÀN>Vm gw{dYmE§ Zhr§ h¡§& `wZrgo’$ Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, ~ohVa no`Oc g«moV 88 à{VeV Am~mXr (1990 ‘o§ 72 à{VeV) Ho$ {cE hr CncãY h¡§&22

) EH$ hmB©-ZoQ>-dW©-B§S>r{dOwAc Eogo H$amo‹S>n{V ì`pŠV H$mo ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {OgH$s Hw$c {Zdoe `mo½` g§nXm ({ZOr Ka, O‘rZ Am¡a/`m g§n{Îm Ho$ Acmdm) H$‘ go H$‘ 4.5 H$amo‹S> én`o h¡& ‘o[ac {c§M Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, ^maV ‘o§ 2010 ‘o§ Eogo cmoJmo§ H$s g§»`m 1,26,700 Wr& `mo§ Vmo Xoe H$s Hw$c Am~mXr ‘o§ BZH$m {hñgm Ho$dc 0.01 à{VeV hr ~¡R>Vm h¡ co{H$Z BZH$s g§nXm H$m ‘yë` ^maV H$s OrS>rnr Ho$ cJ^J EH$ {VhmB© Ho$ ~am~a ~¡R>Vm h¡&23

) Z¡eZc BcoŠeZ dm°M Ûmam {H$E JE EH$ gd}jU Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, dV©‘mZ cmoH$g^m Ho$ 543 ‘o§ go 300 gXñ` S>m°ca {‘{c`Zo`g© (`mZr 4.5 H$amo‹S> go Á`mXm g§n{Îm dmco) h¡§& 2004 ‘o§ hþE {nN>co Am‘ MwZmdmo§ ‘o§ MwZ H$a AmE gm§gXmo§ ‘o§ CZH$s g§»`m Bggo Ho$dc AmYr Wr& 543 gm§gXmo§ H$s Hw$c g§n{Îm 2,800 H$amo‹S> én`o Ho$ Amgnmg ~¡R>Vr h¡ Am¡a Bg Vah Am¡gVZ ha gm§gX EH$ S>m°ca {‘{c`Zo`a h¡& 64 Ho§$X«r` H¡${~ZoQ> ‘§{Ì`mo§ H$s g§n{Îm 10 H$amo‹S> S>m°ca h¡&24

) {ZOrH$aU H$m {eH§$Om àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ H$mo ^r VoOr go AnZr MnoQ> ‘o§ coVm Om ahm h¡& Z{X`mo§ Ho$ c§~o-c§~o Qw>H$‹S>o

3H$m°anmoaoQ> IarXmamo§ H$mo ~oMo Om MwHo$ h¡§& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE N>ÎmrgJ‹T> H$s {edZmW, Ho$cy Am¡a Hw$H$éQ> Z{X`mo§ H$mo XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&25

n`m©daU H$s Xem

) 2008 H$s EH$ [anmoQ>© Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, A‘o[aH$m Am¡a MrZ Ho$ ~mX Xw{Z`m ‘o§ g~go {demc n`m©daUr` nX{MÝh (BH$m°cm°{OH$c ’w$Q>{à§Q>) ^maV H$m hr h¡& h‘mao nmg {OVZo àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZ h¡§, h‘mao Xoe Ho$ cmoJ Cggo XwJwZr ‘mÌm ‘o§ àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ H$m à`moJ H$a aho h¡§& D$na go, ^maV ‘o§ àH¥${V H$s ‘Zwî`mo§ Ho$ ^aU-nmofU H$s j‘Vm {nN>co Mma XeH$mo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ KQ> H$a ‘hO AmYr ah JB© h¡&26

) Xoe Ho$ g~go A‘ra cmoJmo§ (`mZr Am~mXr Ho$ g~go A‘ra 0.01 à{VeV V~Ho$) Ho$ à{V ì`pŠV n`m©daUr` nX{MÝh Xoe H$s g~go Jar~ 40 à{VeV Am~mXr Ho$ ‘wH$m~co 330 JwZm Á`mXm h¡§& `o {H$gr Am¡Úmo{JH$, g§nÝZ Xoe Ho$ Am¡gV ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ n`m©daUr` nX{MÝh go ^r 12 JwZm Á`mXm h¡& ^maV Ho$ g~go A‘ra EH$ à{VeV cmoJmo§ Ho$ n`m©daUr` nX{MÝh A‘ra Xoemo§ Ho$ gm‘mÝ` ZmJ[aH$mo§ go Xmo {VhmB© Am¡a Xoe Ho$ 40 à{VeV {ZY©ZV‘ cmoJmo§ Ho$ n`m©daUr` nX{MÝh go 17 JwZm Á`mXm h¡§& Bg Vah, AJa ^maV Ho$ {H$gr ì`pŠV Ho$ nmg EH$ H$ma Am¡a EH$ conQ>m°n h¡ Vmo dh 17 ~ohX {ZY©Z ^maVr`mo§ Ho$ ~am~a g§gmYZmo§ H$m XmohZ H$aVm h¡& Bg Vah H$m ì`pŠV cJ^J 2.3 Am¡gV {díd ZmJ[aH$mo§ (2007 ‘o§ d¡pídH$ à{V ì`pŠV Am` cJ^J 10,000 S>m°ca Wr) Ho$ ~am~a g§gmYZmo§ H$m Cn^moJ H$a coVm h¡&27

) n`m©daU Ed§ dZ ‘§Ìmc` H$s ñQ>oQ> Am°’$ EZdm`Z©‘o§Q> [anmoQ>©, 2009 Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ ^maV H$s ImÚ gwajm ^{dî` ‘o§ AmZo dmco dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU IVao ‘o§ n‹S> gH$Vr h¡ Š`mo§{H$ Bggo gyIo d ~m‹T>mo§ H$s ~ma§~maVm d gKZVm ~‹T> OmEJr Am¡a N>moQ>o d gr‘m§V {H$gmZmo§ H$s CnO na grYm Aga n‹S>oJm& `mZr nyao Xoe ‘o§ H¥${f CnO C„oIZr` ê$n go KQ>Zo dmcr h¡&28

) d¡pídH$ H$m~©Z CËgO©Z ‘o§ {’$chmc ^maV H$m {hñgm cJ^J 8 à{VeV h¡& VoOr go ~‹T>Vr AW©ì`dñWm hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo CgH$m `h {hñgm ^r ha gmc ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡& AZw‘mZ cJm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ AJa ‘m¡OyXm éPmZ H$m`‘ ahm Vmo 2030 VH$ ^maV H$m Am¡gV à{V ì`pŠV CËgO©Z ñVa VrZ JwZm hmo OmEJm&29

) ^maV H$s AmYr go Á`mXm D$Om© H$mo`co go AmVr h¡& Á`mXmVa H$mo`cm ImZmo§ H$mo g§^mcZo dmco H$moc B§{S>`m Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, h‘mao BñVo‘mc `mo½` H$mo`cm ^§S>ma CVZo ~‹S>o Zhr§ h¡§ {OVZm nhco ‘mZm OmVm Wm& ‘m¡OyXm {dH$mg Xa Ho$ {hgm~ go `o ^§S>ma VH$ar~Z 80 gmc VH$ hr Mc nmE§Jo& co{H$Z AmZo dmco Xm¡a H$s AZw‘m{ZV d¥{Õ Xa Ho$ {hgm~ go XoIo§ Vmo BZ ^§S>mamo§ H$s C‘« {g’©$ 3-4 XeH$ hr ~Mr h¡&30 BgHo$ ~mdOyX J¡a-na§namJV D$Om© g«moVmo§ Ho$ {cE h‘mam Ho§$X«r` ~OQ> Hw$c D$Om© ~OQ> H$m {g’©$ 1.28 à{VeV h¡&31

) nmZr H$m ~mah‘mgr g§H$Q> Xoe Ho$ Z`o-Z`o BcmH$mo§ H$mo AnZr MnoQ> ‘o§ coVm Om ahm h¡& ^y{‘JV nmZr Ho$ gmcmZm A{VXmohZ

H$s g~go D$§Mr Xa ^maV H$s hr h¡& Xoe Ho$ ~hþV gmao ^mJmo§ ‘o§ O‘rZ go nmZr {ZH$mcZo H$s Xa O‘rZ ‘o§ nmZr Ho$ g§MaU go XmoJwZm nhþ§M MwH$s h¡& O¡go-O¡go ^y{‘JV Oc ^§S>ma gyIVo Om aho h¡§, OcñVa {JaVm Om ahm h¡& H$B© OJh (O¡go n§Om~ ‘o§) Vmo OcñVa ha gmc 3-10 ’w$Q> VH$ {JaVm Om ahm h¡! O¡go-O¡go dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z H$s dOh go Vmn‘mZ ~‹T> ahm h¡, Xoe ‘o§ nmZr H$s à{V ì`pŠV CncãYVm, Omo 2001 ‘o§ 1820 KZ ‘rQ>a à{V df© Wr dh 2050 VH$ {Ja H$a Ho$dc 1140 KZ ‘rQ>a dm{f©H$ Ho$ ñVa na nhþ§M OmEJr& ^co hr ~m[ae Ho$ ‘m¡g‘ ‘o§ ~m[ae KZr hmo OmE co{H$Z V~ VH$ ~m[ae Ho$ {XZmo§ ‘o§ 15 {XZ H$s {JamdQ> Am MwH$s hmoJr&32

) 2009 H$m gmc {nN>co H$B© XeH$mo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^maV ‘o§ g~go Á`mXm gyIo H$m gmc ahm& Cg gmc ‘mZgyZ ‘o§ 20 à{VeV H$s {JamdQ> XO© H$s JB© Wr Am¡a npíM‘r CÎma àXoe d n§Om~ O¡go Hw$N> H¥${f joÌmo§ ‘o§ Vmo `o Bggo ^r H$m’$s Á`mXm Wr& Bggo IoVr na ~hþV Jhao Aga n‹S>o Wo&33

) IoVr H$s CnO Ho$ {cE {‘Q²>Q>r H$s D$nar gVh ~hþV H$s‘Vr hmoVr h¡& ^maVr` H¥${f AZwg§YmZ n[afX (AmB©grEAma) Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ ha gmc à{V h¡ŠQ>o`a 16 Q>Z D$nar {‘Q²>Q>r `mZr nyao Xoe ‘o§ cJ^J 5 Aa~ Q>Z CnOmD$ {‘Q²>Q>r IË‘ hmoVr Om ahr h¡& Bg D$nar naV H$mo ~ZZo ‘o§ hOmamo§ gmc cJVo h¡§& ~§Jcm¡a Ho$ Amgnmg gyIo go OyP aho Jm§dmo§ Ho$ {H$gmZ ^yI‘ar go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ {cE ha amoO AnZo IoVmo§ go cJ^J 1000 Q´H$ {‘Q²>Q>r ImoX H$a ~§Jcm¡a ‘o§ Mc aho {Z‘m©U H$m`m] Ho$ {cE ~oMVo h¡§&34

) 1990 go 2000 Ho$ ~rM nwZd©¥jmamonU H$s Xa 0.57 à{VeV gmcmZm Wr& 2000 go 2005 Ho$ ~rM `h ‘mÌ 0.05 à{VeV ah JB© Wr& A~ KZo `m ‘Ü`‘ ñVa VH$ KZo O§Jc ^maV Ho$ 12 à{VeV go ^r H$‘ ^y-^mJ na ah JE h¡§& BVZm hr joÌ’$c Iwco O§Jcmo§ `m Pm‹S>rXma O§Jcmo§ H$m h¡&35

) 1980-81 Ho$ ~mX {OVZr dZ ^y{‘ H$m g’$m`m {H$`m J`m h¡ Cg‘o§ go cJ^J 55 à{VeV 2001 Ho$ ~mX hþAm h¡& 1980-81 Ho$ ~mX ImZmo§ Ho$ {cE {OVZo O§Jcmo§ H$s g’$mB© hþB© h¡ CZ‘o§ go 70 à{VeV 1997 go 2007 Ho$ ~rM H$mQ>o JE h¡§& d¡ídrH$aU Zo O§Jcmo§ H$s H$Q>mB© Am¡a O‘rZ H$mo AZwnOmD$ ~ZmZo ‘o§ ~hþV VoOr cm Xr h¡& `h n[aKQ>Zm Añgr Ho$ XeH$ VH$ H$m’$s hX VH$ A§Hw$e ‘o§ Wr&36

) ^maV Xw{Z`m Ho$ g~go Á`mXm O¡d {d{dYVm dmco BcmH$mo§ ‘o§ go EH$ h¡& h‘mao `hm§ 1,30,000 go Á`mXm nmXn Am¡a O§Vw àOm{V`m§ h¡§ Am¡a ’$gcmo§ d ‘do{e`mo§ ‘o§ O~X©ñV {d{dYVm h¡& n`m©daU Ed§ dZ ‘§Ìmc` Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, h‘mar H$‘ go H$‘ 10 à{VeV nmXn Ed§ O§Vw àOm{V`m§ IVao ‘o§ n‹S> MwH$s àOm{V`mo§ H$s gyMr ‘o§§ Om MwH$s h¡§& AJa dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z H$s dOh go Ho$dc 2 à{VeV Vmn‘mZ ^r ~‹T> OmVm h¡ Vmo ^maV H$s 15-40 à{VeV O§Vw Ed§ nmXn àOm{V`m§ g‘má hmo OmE§Jr& O§Jcr BcmH$mo§ ‘o§ Ocme`mo§ Ho$ {Z‘m©U go Hw$N> ~ohVarZ O§Jcmo§ Am¡a O¡d{d{dYVm go ^ao AZyR>o àmH¥${VH$ joÌmo§ (BH$mo{gñQ>åg) H$m {dZme hmo MwH$m h¡& Oc {dÚwV Am¡a IZZ n[a`moOZmAm| Ho$ {cE O§Jcmo§ H$s H$Q>mB© h‘mar O¡d {d{dYVm Ho$ {cE g§^dV: g~go ~‹S>m IVam h¡& Xoe Ho$ Ag§»` n{dÌ dZ `m AÝ` g‘wXm` g§a{jV joÌ, {OZH$mo na§namJV ê$n go J«m‘rU

4 g‘wXm` gwa{jV aIVo Wo, Am{W©H$ {dH$mg Ho$ Bg h‘co H$s dOh go IVao ‘o§ n‹S>Zo cJo h¡§&37

) ^maV H$s cJ^J 70 à{VeV Am~mXr AnZr AmOr{dH$m Am¡a amoOr-amoQ>r Ho$ {cE O‘rZ go Ow‹S>o ì`dgm`mo§, O§Jcmo§, Ocme`mo§ Am¡a g‘wX«r n`m©dmgmo§ na `mZr ñWmZr` àmH¥${VH$ joÌmo§ na Am{lV h¡& nmZr, ^moOZ, BªYZ, Amdmg, Mmam Am¡a Am¡f{Y`m§, g~ Hw$N> CÝho§ `hr§ go {‘cVm h¡& nm¡Ymo§ H$s cJ^J 10,000 Am¡a newAm| H$s g¡H$‹S>mo§ àOm{V`m§ O¡d {d{dYVm Am¡a AmOr{dH$m Ho$ Bg Amngr g§~§Y H$mo g§^mco hþE h¡§& Xoe ^a ‘o§ 27.5 H$amo‹S> cmoJ AnZr AmOr{dH$m Ho$ {cE cKw dZ CËnmXmo§ na Am{lV h¡§& n`m©daUr` {dZme BZ cmoJmo§ Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a AmOr{dH$m H$mo grYo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&38

) ^maV H$s 7,500 {H$cmo‘rQ>a c§~r VQ>aoIm na 12 ~‹S>o Am¡a 185 N>moQ>o ~§XaJmh h¡§& BZHo$ Acmdm `hm§ XO©Zmo§ Am°`c [a’$mBZar Am¡a n¡Q´moagm`Z g§`§Ì VWm AÝ` {df¡co CÚmoJ h¡§& ~hþV gmao Eogo g§`§Ì A^r `moOZm Ho$ MaU ‘o§ h¡§ Omo g‘wX«r BcmH$mo§ Am¡a VQ>mo§ Ho$ {cE Am¡a V~mhr cm gH$Vo h¡§&39

) Ho§$X«r` àXyfU {Z`§ÌU ~moS©> Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$, 187 VQ>r` ZJa d H$ñ~o ha amoO 5.5 Aa~ crQ>a J§Xm nmZr g‘wX« ‘o§ N>mo‹S>Vo h¡§& ^maVr` VQ> aoIm Ho$ Amgnmg cJ^J 25 H$amo‹S> cmoJ ahVo h¡§ {OZ‘o§ go ~hþV gmao ‘Nw>dmao h¡§ Omo cJ^J 3,600 Jm§dmo§ ‘o§ ahVo h¡§& BZHo$ Acmdm 4,000 dJ© {H$cmo‘rQ>a go Á`mXm {dñVma dmco dfm© dZ (‘¡ZJ«mod) h¡§ Omo MH«$dmV/gmBŠbmoZ go Am~mXr H$mo ~MmZo ‘o§ ~hþV Ah‘ ^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVo h¡§& ‘Nw>dmhr O¡go na§namJV amoOJma Am¡a ZmOwH$ g‘wX«r BcmHo$, XmoZmo§ hr J§^ra IVao ‘o§ n‹S>Vo Om aho h¡§ Š`mo§{H$ Xoe H$s Am{W©H$ VaŠH$s Ho$ H$maU g§gmYZmo§ na A^yVnyd© X~md n‹S>Zo cJm h¡&40

) 2005 ‘o§ ^maV ‘o§ 1,46,000 Q>Z BcoŠQ´m°{ZH$ H$Mam n¡Xm hþAm Wm& 2012 VH$ BgH$s ‘mÌm 8,00,000 Q>Z VH$ nhþ§M OmZo H$s Ame§H$m h¡& 1992 H$s ~ogc H$Ýdo§eZ H$mo Ü`mZ ‘o§ aIVo hþE gdm}ƒ Ý`m`mc` Zo 1997 ‘o§ EH$ AmXoe Omar H$aHo$ Xoe ‘o§ {df¡co H$Mao Ho$ Am`mV na nm~§Xr cJmZo H$m

AmXoe {X`m Wm& BgHo$ ~mdOyX, argmBpŠb§J `mo½` gm‘J«r Ho$ Zm‘ na {df¡cm BcoŠQ´m°{ZH$ H$Mam A^r ^r Xoe ‘o§ cm`m Om ahm h¡& {nN>co Hw$N> gmcmo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ n`m©daU Ed§ dZ ‘§Ìmc` Zo H$B© H§$n{Z`mo§ H$mo hOmamo§ Q>Z {df¡cm B©-H$Mam Am`mV H$aZo Ho$ na{‘Q> Omar {H$E h¡§&41

) H$B© Vah Ho$ IVaZmH$ Am¡a {df¡co H$Mao H$m Am`mV d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ Xm¡a ‘o§ ~hþV VoOr go ~‹T>m h¡& {‘gmc Ho$ Vm¡a na, 2003-04 ‘o§ ßbmpñQ>H$ H$Mao H$m Am`mV 1,01,312 Q>Z Wm Omo 2008-09 ‘o§ 4,65,921 Q>Z hmo MwH$m Wm& BgHo$ Acmdm hOmamo§ Q>Z YmVw H$Mam ^r Am`mV {H$`m OmVm h¡ {Og‘o§ A’«$sH$m Am¡a npíM‘r E{e`m Ho$ `wÕmo§ go {ZH$cm hþAm YmVw H$Mam ^r em{‘c h¡& H$B© ~ma Bg‘o§ {O§Xm {dñ’$moQ>H$ CnH$aU ^r Am OmVo h¡§ Omo argmBpŠb§J H$maImZmo§ ‘o§ O~-V~ ’$Q>Vo ahVo h¡§&42

) n`m©daU H$s ajm Ho$ {cE H$m`©aV g§JR>Z H$ënd¥j Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ ^maV gaH$ma ha amoO VrZ IZZ, Am¡Úmo{JH$ `m AdaMZmJV n[a`moOZmAm| H$mo ‘§Oyar Xo ahr h¡! Bg AÜ``Z H$mo {cIZo Ho$ g‘` ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ nmg 6,000 go Á`mXm n[a`moOZmE§ Wr§ {OZ na 6 joÌr` H$m`m©c`mo§ Ho$ O[aE ZOa aIr OmVr h¡& Bg H$m‘ Ho$ {cE à{V H$m`m©c` 2-4 A{YH$m[a`mo§ H$m ñQ>m’$ aIm J`m h¡& {OZ n[a`moOZmAm| H$mo n`m©daUr` ‘§Oyar Xr Om MwH$s h¡ CZH$m 3-4 gmc ‘o§ EH$ ~ma Om`Om {c`m OmVm h¡& BÝhr§ g~ VÏ`mo§ H$s dOh go A{Zdm`© n`m©dUr` H$mZyZmo§ H$m AZwnmcZ BVZm ‘wpíH$c hmo J`m h¡& BgHo$ ~mdOyX, Bg n`m©daUr` ‘§Oyar H$mo AmgmZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {cE {nN>co EH$-So>‹T> XeH$ Ho$ Xm¡amZ g§~§{YV A{YgyMZmAm| ‘o§ 30 go Á`mXm g§emoYZ (A{YH$m§eV: CZH$mo H$‘Omoa H$aZo Ho$ {cE) {H$E JE h¡§&43

) AW©ì`dñWm H$s H$B© emImAm| H$s emZXma {dH$mg Xa Ho$ ~mdOyX grYo n`m©daUr` H$m‘mo§ Am¡a {Z`‘Z na ~OQ> H$m ~hþV Wmo‹S>m {hñgm hr IM© hmo ahm h¡ (1 à{VeV go ^r H$m’$s H$‘, 2009-10 ‘o§ `h {Zdoe AmO VH$ H$m g~go H$‘ Wm)&44

5Am{W©H$ d¡ídrH$aU : n`m©daU na à^md

àñVmdZm : d¡ídrH$aU Ed§ n`m©daU

1992 ‘o§ d¡ídrH$aU H$m gyÌnmV H$aZo dmcr ZB© Am{W©H$ Zr{V`mo§ H$mo noe H$aVo g‘` VËH$mcrZ Ho§$X«r` {dÎm ‘§Ìr (dV©‘mZ àYmZ‘§Ìr) ‘Z‘mohZ {g§h Zo gwYmamo§ Ho$ n`m©daUr` Am`m‘mo§ na {X„r ‘o§ EH$ ^mfU {X`m Wm& Cg ^mfU ‘o§ CZH$m ‘w»` VH©$ `o Wm {H$ n`m©daU g§ajU Ho$ {cE Am{W©H$ g§gmYZmo§ H$s Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr h¡ Omo CZH$s ZB© Zr{V`mo§ go hm{gc hmo OmE§Jo& gdmc `o h¡ {H$ Xmo XeH$ ~mX CZH$m ZwñIm H$maJa gm{~V hmo nm`m h¡ `m Zhr§?

‘moQ>o Vm¡a na, 1991 go ewê$ hþE Am{W©H$ d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ {ZåZ{cpIV à^md aho h¡§ :

) AW©ì`dñWm H$m VoOr go {dH$mg gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {cE ~w{Z`mXr T>m§Mo Am¡a g§gmYZmo§ Ho$ XmohZ H$s j‘Vm ‘o§ ^mar BOm’$m Oê$ar Wm& BgHo$ {cE g§nÝZ dJ© Ûmam A§YmYw§Y Cn^moJ H$mo ~‹T>mdm {X`m J`m& Bg Xm¡amZ h‘mar AW©ì`dñWm ‘m§J Ho§${X«V ahr h¡ Am¡a Bg ~mV na H$moB© Ü`mZ Zhr§ XoZm MmhVm {H$ {H$VZr ‘m§J (Am¡a {H$g CÔoí` go) Om`O d dm§N>Zr` ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ Š`m n[aUm‘ hmo aho h¡§&

) ì`mnma ({Z`m©V d Am`mV) CXmarH$aU Ho$ Xmo n[aUm‘ aho h¡§ : {dXoer ‘wX«m OwQ>mZo Ho$ {cE àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ H$m VoOr go XmohZ, VWm ^maV ‘o§ Cn^moŠVm dñVwAm| d H$Mao H$m ~‹S>o n¡‘mZo na Am`mV (VoOr go ~‹T>Vo Kaocy H$Mao Ho$ Acmdm)& Bggo H$Mao Ho$ {ZñVmaU Am¡a ñdmñÏ` Ho$ {cE J§^ra g‘ñ`mE§ n¡Xm hþB© h¡§ VWm dm{ZH$s, ‘Nw>dmhr, Madmhr, IoVr, ñdmñÏ` d XñVH$mar go Ow‹S>o na§namJV amoOJmamo§ na ~hþV ~wam Aga n‹S>m h¡&

) n`m©daUr` ‘mZH$mo§ d {Z`‘mo§ ‘o§ T>rc Xo Xr JB© h¡ `m CZHo$ C„§KZ H$mo ZOaA§XmO H$a {X`m Om ahm h¡ Vm{H$ Xoer Am¡a {dXoer, XmoZmo§ Vah H$s H§$n{Z`mo§ H$mo {Zdoe Ho$ {cE AZwHy$c ‘mhm¡c {‘co&

) AW©ì`dñWm H$mo {dXoer {Zdoe Ho$ {cE Imoc XoZo H$s dOh go Eogr-Eogr H§$n{Z`m§ ^r ^maV ‘o§ Mcr AmB© h¡§ {OZH$m n`m©daU (Am¡a/`m gm‘m{OH$ ‘wÔmo§) na ~hþV ~XZm‘ Q´¡H$ [aH$m°S©> ahm h¡& D$na go CZHo$ {cE n`m©daU Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ g‘mZVm àmdYmZmo§ H$mo Am¡a H$‘Omoa H$aZo Ho$ {cE X~md ~Zm`m Om ahm h¡& Kaocy H§$n{Z`mo§ Ho$ AmH$ma Am¡a VmH$V ‘o§ ^r O~X©ñV BOm’$m hþAm h¡ Am¡a A~ do ^r Bgr Vah H$m X~md ~ZmZo cJr h¡§&

) {d{^ÝZ joÌmo§ Ho$ {ZOrH$aU go CZHo$ àXe©Z ‘o§ Hw$N> hX VH$ gwYma Vmo AmVm h¡ co{H$Z `h ì`dñWm n`m©daUr` ‘mZH$mo§ H$s AdhocZm `m CZ‘o§ T>rc H$mo ^r ~ocJm‘ Ny>Q> Xo XoVr h¡&

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6 1993-94 Am¡a 2008-09 Ho$ ~rM ^maV Ho$ I{ZO CËnmXZ ‘o§ 75 à{VeV BOm’$m hþAm h¡& BgH$s dOh go ~hþV gmar dZ ^y{‘ H$mo ImZmo§ ‘o§ VãXrc H$a {X`m J`m h¡& 1981 (O~ dZ ^y{‘ Ho$ J¡a-dZ à`moJ Ho$ {cE Ho§$X« gaH$ma H$s ‘§Oyar H$mo A{Zdm`© Kmo{fV {H$`m J`m Wm) Ho$ ~mX A~ VH$ cJ^J 1.5 cmI h¡ŠQ>o`a dZ ^y{‘ H$mo ImZmo§ ‘o§ VãXrc {H$`m Om MwH$m h¡|:

1981-92 : 13,000 h¡ŠQ>o`a (8.7 à{VeV)

1992-2002 : 57,000 h¡ŠQ>o`a (38.2 à{VeV)

2002-2011 : 79,000 h¡ŠQ>o`a (53 à{VeV)&

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Am`mV CXmarH$aU : Hy$‹S>oXmZ ~ZVm ^maV

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Cn^moŠVmdmX Am¡a H$Mam

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dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z H$m à^md Am¡a à{V{H«$`m

Añgr Ho$ XeH$ ‘o§ O~ X{jU Ho$ Xoemo§ na Am{W©H$ d¡ídrH$aU Wmonm OmZo cJm Wm, V^r go Eogo CËgO©Zmo§ ‘o§ g~go ^mar BOm’$m hþAm h¡ Omo YaVr H$m Vmn‘mZ ~‹T>m aho h¡§ Am¡a dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z Ho$ {cE {Oå‘oXma h¡§& ’$cñdê$n, AmZo dmco g‘` ‘o§ ^maV H$mo H$B© Vah Ho$ Xwîn[aUm‘mo§ H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>oJm& ~mBgdr§ eVmãXr H$s ewéAmV VH$ g‘wX«r Oc ñVa ‘o§ EH$ ‘rQ>a VH$ H$m BOm’$m hmo MwH$m hmoJm Omo cJ^J 5,764 dJ© {H$cmo‘rQ>a joÌ’$c H$mo nmZr H$s MnoQ> ‘o§ co coJm& Bggo 70 cmI go Á`mXm cmoJ {dñWm{nV hmo§Jo& Hw$c dfm© ‘o§ Vmo BOm’$m hmoJm co{H$Z ~hþV gmao BcmH$mo§ ‘o§ ~m[ae Ho$ {XZmo§ Am¡a ‘mÌm ‘o§ {JamdQ> Am OmEJr {Oggo Eogo gyIo Am¡a ~m‹T> H$s

n`m©daU Ho$ à{V ny§OrdmXr ^maV Ho$ ad¡`o H$m EH$ CXmhaU&

10 pñW{V`m§ n¡Xm hmo§Jr Omo h‘Zo AmO VH$ H$^r Zhr§ XoIr h¡§& BgHo$ Acmdm, Vmn‘mZ ‘o§ d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU AZmO CËnmXZ ‘o§ ^r {JamdQ> Am OmEJr (Hw$N> ’$gcmo§ ‘o§ 20 à{VeV VH$ H$s {JamdQ>)& g‘wX«r nmZr Ho$ Vmn‘mZ ‘o§ AmZo dmco ~Xcmdmo§ go g‘wX« H$s CËnmXH$Vm na Aga n‹S>oJm& g‘¥Õ ‘y±Jm (H$moac) BcmHo$ ‘aZo cJo§Jo Am¡a ‘N>{c`mo§ H$s AmdmOmhr Ho$ éPmZmo§ ‘o§ ~Xcmd Am OmE§Jo {Oggo ‘Nw>dmamo§ H$m OrZm Xy^a hmo OmEJm&

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{d{dY g§H$Q> : ^moOZ, nmZr, AmOr{dH$m

^maV H$s Am~mXr H$m EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m {hñgm ~hþV J§^ra g§H$Q>mo§ - ImÚ Agwajm, nmZr H$s H$‘r, An`m©á BªYZ VWm Agwa{jV AmOr{dH$m - go OyP ahm h¡& `o gmao g§H$Q> d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ ‘m¡OyXm MaU go nhco ^r ‘m¡OyX Wo Am¡a "{dH$mg’ Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ê$nmo§ Ho$ AmZo go nhco ^r CZH$s AmhQ> gwZmB© n‹S>Zo cJr Wr co{H$Z ‘m¡OyXm "{dH$mg’ Am¡a d¡ídrH$aU H$mo BÝhr§ g§H$Q>mo§ H$m B©cmO ~Vm H$a Vmo cmJy {H$`m J`m Wm& na§Vw B©cmO Vmo Xya H$s ~mV ahr, Bg B©cmO Zo Vmo BZ g§H$Q>mo§ H$mo Am¡a ~‹T>m {X`m h¡ Am¡a ~hþV gmao BcmH$mo§ d g‘wXm`mo§ ‘o§ BÝhmo§Zo {dH$amc ê$n co {c`m h¡&

nhco ImÚ Agwajm na ~mV H$ao§& ha amoO ^yIo noQ> gmoZo dmcr Am~mXr H$m à{VeV 1990 Ho$ XeH$ ‘o§ 24 à{VeV go {Ja H$a 2004-06 ‘o§ 22 à{VeV ah J`m Wm& `o ~hþV ‘m‘ycr {JamdQ> h¡& BgHo$ gmW `h ^r VÏ` h¡ {H$ Xw{Z`m ‘o§ g~go Á`mXm Hw$nmo{fV Am¡a ^yIo cmoJ ^maV ‘o§ hr h¡& ImÚ Ed§ H¥${f g§JR>Z (E’$EAmo) Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ 2004-06 Ho$ Xm¡amZ `h g§»`m

25.1 H$amo‹S> `mZr Xoe H$s Am~mXr H$m cJ^J EH$ Mm¡WmB© Wr& A^r ^r h‘mao nmg H$m’$s ‘mÌm ‘o§ AÞ h¡, ^maVr` ImÚ {ZJ‘ (E’$grAmB©) Ho$ ^§S>mamo§ ‘o§ A^r ^r AZmO ^am h¡& BgHo$ ~mdOyX ha Mm¡Wm {h§XwñVmZr ^yIo noQ> gmoZo H$mo ‘O~ya h¡& h‘mao `hm§ EH$ V~H$m Eogm h¡ Omo AZmO IarX hr Zhr§ gH$Vm Am¡a gaH$ma H$s H$ë`mU `moOZmE§ Cg VH$ Zhr§ nhþ§M nmVr§& BŠH$sgdr§ gXr ‘o§ ImÚ nXmWm] H$s H$s‘Vmo§ ‘o§ Mm¡§H$mZo dmco BOm’o$ go `o pñW{V Am¡a Iam~ hmo JB© h¡& O¡go-O¡go H$amo‹S>mo§ cmoJ àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ VWm H¥${f AmYm[aV AmOr{dH$mAm| go d§{MV hmoVo Om aho h¡§ Am¡a ~mOma AW©ì`dñWm na Am{lV hmoVo Om aho h¡§ d¡go-d¡go ^moOZ Ho$dc ZH$Xr Ho$ O[aE hr CncãY hmoZo cJm h¡ Omo {H$ Eogo cmoJmo§ Ho$ {cE EH$ ~hþV Xwc©^ g§gmYZ h¡& na§namJV AZmO (O¡go Ádma) Am¡a XchZ AWdm O§Jcmo§ d Ocme`mo§ Am¡a Z{X`mo§ go {‘cZo dmco O§Jcr d AY©O§Jcr Amhma Am{X na§namJV nmofU g«moVmo§ H$s CncãYVm ‘o§ {JamdQ> AmB© h¡ Am¡a CZH$s H$s‘Vo§ ^r Jar~mo§ H$s nhþ§M go ~mha Mcr JB© h¡§ (‘gcZ Zã~o Ho$ XeH$ H$s ewéAmV go XchZ H$s à{V ì`pŠV CncãYVm ‘o§ 26 à{VeV {JamdQ> Am MwH$s h¡)&

Oc Agwajm ^r CVZr hr J§^ra h¡& J«m‘rU Am¡a ehar BcmH$mo§ Ho$ H$amo‹S>mo§ cmoJmo§ Ho$ {cE nrZo H$m n`m©á nmZr OwQ>mZm EH$ X¡{ZH$ g§Kf© ~Zm hþAm h¡& Ocme`mo§§, Z{X`mo§ d ^y{‘JV Ocg«moVmo§ H$m Hw$à~§YZ, dfm© Oc H$mo Ir§MZo dmco H¡$M‘o§Q> joÌmo§ H$m jaU, ~ma-~ma AmZo dmco gyIo, ehamo§ ‘o§ Am~mXr H$s VoO d¥{Õ, gVhr Am¡a ^y{‘JV g«moVmo§ H$m àXyfU BgHo$ g~go à‘wI H$maU h¡§& Zr{V`mo§ H$s {d’$cVm (Oc g§ajU d à~§YZ) VWm Oc g§gmYZmo§ na epŠVemcr H§$n{Z`mo§ d A‘ra V~Ho$ H$m H¢$Om BZ g‘ñ`mAm| H$s EH$ ~‹S>r O‹S> ‘o§ h¡ (CXmhaU Ho$ {cE, Xoe Ho$ ~hþV gmao ^mJmo§ ‘o§ pñWV H$moH$m H$mocm Ho$ ~m°Q>{c§J g§`§Ìmo§ Zo ñWmZr` g‘wXm`mo§ H$mo gwa{jV ^y{‘JV nmZr go d§{MV H$a {X`m h¡)&

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Am¡a A§V ‘o§ AmOr{dH$m `m amoOJma H$m g§H$Q> h¡& O¡go-O¡go àH¥${V H$m {dI§S>Z Am¡a Oc/O‘rZ H$m jaU VoO hmoVm OmVm h¡ AWdm àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ na na§namJV g‘wXm`mo§ H$s nhþ§M KQ>Vr OmVr h¡ d¡go-d¡go do g‘wXm` ~oamoOJma hmoZo cJVo h¡§ Omo nhco ñdamoOJma`wŠV ({H$gmZ, {eH$mar-g§J«mhH$, ‘Nw>dmao, Madmho, XñVH$ma Am{X) hþAm H$aVo Wo& A^r VH$ Eogo AmOr{dH$m Am¡a

H$B© H$amo‹S> {h§XwñVm{Z`mo§ Ho$ nmg A^r ^r D$Om© gwajm Zhr§ h¡&

11amoOJmamo§ H$m {H$VZm ZwH$gmZ hþAm h¡, Bg ~mao ‘o§ H$moB© ì`mnH$ AZw‘mZ CncãY Zhr§ h¡& `h AnZo Amn ‘o§ Bg ~mV H$m g§Ho$V h¡ {H$ Bg ‘wÔo H$s {H$VZr AZXoIr hmoVr ahr h¡&

g~go ~wam Aga Kw‘§Vy g‘wXm`mo§ na n‹S>m h¡& CZHo$ ‘m¡g‘r AmdmJ‘Z Ho$ amñVo AñV-ì`ñV hmo JE h¡§, CZH$s OrdZ e¡cr d g§ñH¥${V`m§ g§H$Q> ‘o§ h¡§ `m CZH$s Ad‘mZZm hmo ahr h¡ Am¡a ZmZm à^mdmo§ Ho$ McVo CZHo$ AnZo ~ƒo CZgo {N>Q>H$Vo Om aho h¡§& amï´>r` ‘mZ{dH$s gd}jU g§ñWmZ (E§W«monmocm°{OH$c gd} Am°’$ B§{S>`m) H$m AZw‘mZ h¡ {H$ ^maV ‘o§ H$‘ go H$‘ 276 J¡a-Madmhm Kw‘§Vy ì`dgm` h¡§ ({eH$mar-g§J«mhH$ Am¡a ~h{c`o, ‘Nw>dmao, XñVH$ma, ~mOrJa Am¡a H$WmdmMH$, AmoPm, AmÜ`mpË‘H$ d Ym{‘©H$ H$cmH$ma, gm¡XmJa Am{X)& BZ‘o§ go Á`mXmVa IVao ‘o§ h¡§& Hw$N> nhco hr IË‘ hmo MwHo$ h¡§ `m IË‘ hmoVo Om aho h¡§ Am¡a BZ ì`dgm`mo§ go Omo cmoJ {dñWm{nV hþE h¡§ do `m Vmo Ag§J{R>V joÌ ‘o§ Agwa{jV, An‘mZOZH$, H$‘ Am‘XZr dmcr Am¡a emofU ^ar Zm¡H$[a`m§ H$aZo cJo h¡§ `m ~oamoOJma hmo JE h¡§& Xoe Ho$ VH$ar~Z Mma H$amo‹S> Madmhm Kw‘§VwAm| ‘o§ go Á`mXmVa H$s ^r Hw$N> Eogr hr pñW{V h¡&

Š`m n`m©daU H$m amḯ>r` {Z`moOZ ‘o§ g‘mdoe {H$`m J`m h¡?

AmBE A^r EH$ ~ma {’$a ‘Z‘mohZ {g§h H$s Cgr Xcrc na cm¡Q>o§ {OgH$m h‘Zo nrN>o {OH«$ {H$`m Wm& Omo Zï> hmo MwH$m h¡ (O¡go, cmImo§ h¡ŠQ>o`a àmH¥${VH$ dZ Omo ~m§Ymo§ ‘o§ Sy>~ MwHo$ h¡§ `m IZZ VWm CÚmoJmo§ Ho$ {cE gm’$ H$a {XE JE h¡§) CgH$mo ~hmc {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ `m Zhr§, Bg ~w{Z`mXr ‘gco Ho$ Acmdm `o gdmc ^r nyN>m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ d¡ídrH¥$V "{dH$mg' Zo Omo g‘ñ`mE§ n¡Xm H$s h¡§, Š`m CZHo$ AZwnmV ‘o§ n`m©daU H$s {h’$mOV Ho$ {cE CncãY n¡go ‘o§ ^r BOm’$m hþAm h¡ `m Zhr§? Š`m n`m©daU h‘mar {Z`moOZ à{H«$`m H$m EH$ Ho§$X«r` A§J ~Z nm`m h¡?

n`m©daU Ed§ dZ ‘§Ìmc` H$mo Ho§$X« gaH$ma go {‘cZo dmcm n¡gm Zã~o Ho$ XeH$ H$s ewéAmV go cJmVma ~‹T>m h¡ (1995-96 ‘o§ 370 H$amo‹S> én ò Am¡a 2009-1046 ‘o§ 1500 H$amo‹S> én ò)& BgHo$ ~mdOyX Hw$c ~OQ> ‘o§ BgH$m {hñgm 1 à{VeV go H$m’$s ZrMo hr ahm h¡& ~OQ> ‘o§ CgH$m {hñgm 2004-05 Ho$ ~mX cJmVma ZrMo {JaVm J`m h¡ Am¡a 2009-10 ‘o§ Vmo ò 0.36 à{VeV Wm Omo {H$ A^r VH$ Hw$c ~OQ> H$m g~go H$‘ {hñgm Wm& Jm¡aVc~ h¡ {H$ Bgr Xm¡amZ (1995-96 go 2009-10) Hw$c ~OQ> nm§M JwZm ~‹T> MwH$m h¡ O~{H$ n`m©daU Ed§ dZ ‘§Ìmc` H$m ~OQ> {g’©$ Mma JwZm ~‹T>m

h¡& ~OQ> ‘o§ J¡a-na§namJV D$Om© g«moVmo§ O¡go Xygao g§~§{YV joÌmo§ H$m {hñgm ^r H$moB© Img Zhr§ ~‹T>m`m J`m h¡&

^maV gaH$ma Ûmam H$amE OmZo dmco gmcmZm Am{W©H$ gd}jU ‘o§ AW©ì`dñWm Ho$ ‘w»` éPmZmo§ H$s g‘rjm H$s OmVr h¡ Am¡a AmZo dmco gmc H$s EH$ ‘moQ>m-‘moQ>r Vñdra noe H$s OmVr h¡& Zã~o H$s XeH$ H$s ewéAmV go hr gd}jU ‘o§ n`m©daU na EH$ I§S> ahm h¡ co{H$Z dmñVd ‘o§ `h Ho$dc EH$ ‘hËdhrZ {hñgm hmoVm h¡& 200 nÝZo H$s [anmoQ>© ‘o§ Bgo ‘hO EH$ `m Xmo nÝZo Zgr~ hmoVo h¡§& `Ú{n Bg‘o§ ^r O§Jc, O‘rZ Am¡a nmZr VWm àXyfU Ho$ gdmc na X`Zr` Vñdra hr {XImB© XoVr h¡, co{H$Z Bgo gmc Ho$ ‘w»` Am{W©H$ KQ>ZmH«$‘mo§ go Omo‹S> H$a H$^r Zhr§ XoIm OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE, gd}jU Ho$ coIH$ Bg ~mV H$m {dícofU Zhr§ H$aVo {H$ BZ KQ>ZmH«$‘mo§ H$m à^md àH¥${V d n`m©daU Ho$ {cE hm{ZH$maH$ Wm `m cm^Xm`H$ Wm& Z hr ^mdr Am{W©H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {cE n`m©daUr` {dI§S>Z Ho$ Xwîn[aUm‘mo§ H$s Om§M H$s OmVr h¡&

"{Q>H$mD$ {dH$mg' Ho$ cú`mo§ H$s ~ma-~ma hmoZo dmcr KmofUmAm| Ho$ ~mdOyX `o Am§H$Zo Ho$ {cE H$moB© H$gm¡Q>r `m g§Ho$VH$ Zhr§ h¡ {H$ h‘ Bg cú` H$s Va’$ {H$VZm AmJo ~‹T> nmE h¡§?

Š`m d¡ídrH$aU go n`m©daU H$mo H$VB© cm^ Zhr§ hþAm h¡?

{ZíM` hr d¡ídrH$aU go H$B© n`m©daUr` cm^ ^r {‘co h¡§! nwZZ©drH$aUr` D$Om©, àXyfU {Z`§ÌU d Hw$ecVm Ho$ joÌ ‘o§ ZB©-ZB© VH$ZrHo§$ gm‘Zo AmB© h¡§; BcoŠQ´m°{ZŠg VWm g§Mma gmYZmo§ Ho$ àgma go gyMZmAm| d {dMmamo§ H$m VoO AmXmZ-àXmZ g§^d hþAm h¡ Am¡a ~‹S>r H§$n{Z`m§ n`m©daUr` X¥{ï> go gwa{jV VH$ZrH$mo§ Ho$ {cE Á`mXm g§gmYZ OwQ>m gH$Vr h¡§&

{’$a ^r Bg Ame` H$m H$moB© g§Ho$V {XImB© Zhr§ XoVm {H$ d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ `o cm^ BgHo$ ZwH$gmZmo§ Ho$ ~am~a h¡§& A^r VH$ Omo ^r g§Ho$V {‘c aho h¡§ - ‘mÌmË‘H$ `m JwUmË‘H$ - do g^r Xoe ^a ‘o§ ~‹T>Vr n`m©daUr` ApñWaVm Am¡a H$amo‹S>mo§ cmoJmo§ Ho$ {cE ~‹T>Vr n`m©daUr` Agwajm H$s hr H$hmZr H$h aho h¡§& Á`mXm go Á`mXm `o ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ZB© VH$Zr{H$`m§ n`m©daUr` Üd§g H$mo Hw$N> g‘` Ho$ {cE nrN>o YHo$c Xo§Jr Am¡a h‘o§ ZE hmcmV H$s Va’$ ~‹T>Zo, EH$ {~ëHw$c AcJ Vah Ho$ g‘mO ‘o§ nhþ§MZo Ho$ {cE Wmo‹S>m Á`mXm g‘` {‘c OmEJm& co{H$Z Bg Vah H$m g‘mO H¡$gm hmoJm? Am{W©H$ d¡ídrH$aU H$m Š`m {dH$ën h¡?

12 {dH$ënmo§ H$s Vcme : ‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì

ŷ{‘H$m

AJa ‘mZd g‘mO H$m Agcr CÔoí` Iwehmcr, AmOmXr Am¡a g§nÝZVm h¡ Vmo YaVr Am¡a AnZo Amn H$mo IVao ‘o§ S>mco {~Zm, AmYr go Á`mXm ‘mZdVm H$mo nrN>o N>mo‹S>o {~Zm ^r `h CÔoí` hm{gc {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡& `h ~mV ^maV Ho$ {cE ^r CVZr hr ghr h¡ {OVZr {H$gr Am¡a Xoe Ho$ {cE ghr h¡ hmcm§{H$ AcJ-AcJ OJh Ho$ n`m©daUr`, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$ Am¡a amOZr{VH$ hmcmV Ho$ {hgm~ go {dH$ënmo§ ‘o§ ~Xcmd AmVo OmE§Jo&

B§gmZr Iwehmcr d g§nÝZVm H$s d¡H$pënH$ ê$naoIm H$mo ‘moQ>o Vm¡a na ‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì (ao{©S>H$c BH$mocm°{OH$c So>‘moH«o$gr - aoS>) H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& ‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì Eogr gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ d Am{W©H$ à{H«$`mAm| H$m g‘yh h¡§ Omo n`m©daUr` {Q>H$mD$nZ Am¡a ‘mZd g‘mZVm Ho$ {gÕm§Vmo§ Ho$ AmYma na g^r ZmJ[aH$mo§ H$mo {ZU©` à{H«$`m ‘o§ {hñgm coZo H$m A{YH$ma d Adga Xo§Jr&

àmH¥${VH$ BcmH$mo§ Am¡a n`m©daUr` à{H«$`mAm| H$s gVV EH$~ÕVm H$mo n`m©daUr` {Q>H$mD$nZ H$s g§km Xr OmVr h¡ {Og‘o§ O¡d{d{dYVm H$mo ~ZmE aIZm OrdZ H$m g~go ‘hËdnyU© AmYma

hmoVm h¡& ‘mZdr` g‘Vm dmñVd ‘o§ Adgamo§ H$s g‘mZVm, g^r Ho$ {cE {ZU©`H$mar ‘§Mmo§ VH$ nyar nhþ§M ({Og‘o§ {dHo§$X«rH$aU Am¡a gh^m{JVm Ho$ {gÕm§V em{‘c h¡§), ‘mZd CÚ‘mo§ Ho$ cm^mo§ Ho$ {dVaU d à`moJ ‘o§ g‘mZVm (V‘m‘ dJm], Om{V`mo§, Am`w dJm], Zñc Am¡a AÝ` ^oXmo§ Ho$ nao) Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ gwajm H$m {‘lU hmoVr h¡&

Bggo Ow‹S>o Hw$N> ~w{Z`mXr {gÕm§V `m ‘yë` `o h¡§ {OZH$m h‘o§ gå‘mZ H$aZm hmoJm : {d{dYVm Am¡a ~hþcVm (d¡ídrH$aU H$s g‘ê$ndmXr àd¥{Îm`mo§ Ho$ {dnarV), nañna gh`moJ Am¡a gm‘wXm{`H$ joÌmo§ d g§gmYZmo§ H$m gmPm à~§YZ (JcmH$mQ> à{VñnYm© Am¡a ì`pŠVdmX Ho$ {dnarV), ñnï> ‘mZdm{YH$ma Am¡a g^r Ho$ {cE n`m©daUr` Xm{`Ëd, l‘ H$m gå‘mZ (`mZr Ho$dc ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m`© H$mo hr loð>Va Z ‘mZm OmE), gwI H$s Mmh ‘o§ JwUmË‘H$ Am¡a ‘mÌmË‘H$, XmoZmo§ Vah Ho$ gmYZmo§ H$m {‘lU (Im{cg ^m¡{VH$dmX Ho$ {dnarV), ‘mZd g§~§Ymo§ VWm Q>H$amdmo§ go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ na§namJV VarH$mo§ H$s ~hmcr, A{h§gm, "JhZ' cmoH$V§Ì {Og‘o§ g^r Ho$ nmg {ZU©` à{H«$`m ‘o§ {hñgm coZo H$m A{YH$ma d j‘Vm hmo VWm àH¥${V d J¡a-‘mZdr` àOm{V`mo§ Ho$ A{YH$mamo§ H$m AmXa H$aZm&

CnamoŠV Am¡a AÝ` g§^m{dV {gÕm§Vmo§ H$mo {‘cmH$a aoS> ‘Zwî`mo§ d ‘mZdVm VWm eof àH¥${V Ho$ ~rM gVV Am¡a nañna gå‘mZOZH$ g§dmX H$m Xe©Z h¡& Bgo H$moB© EH$ amñVm `m ãcy{à§Q> ‘mZZm ^yc hmoJr ~pëH$ Bg‘o§ H$B© amñVo em{‘c hmo§Jo& BZ‘o§ Eogr ì`dñWmE§ em{‘c h¡§ {OZH$mo H$^r ‘yë`dmZ ‘mZm OmVm Wm co{H$Z A~ nwamVZ Am¡a "Am{X‘' ‘mZm OmZo cJm h¡& BZ‘o§ AmOr{dH$m ñVar` AW©ì`dñWmE§, MrOmo§ Ho$ coZ-XoZ H$s ì`dñWm, ñWmZr` hmQ>-~mOma ‘o§ hmoZo dmco ì`mnma, ‘m¡pIH$ kmZ, l‘ d ‘Z~hcmd H$m {‘lU, ‘erZ H$mo ‘m{cH$ H$s ~Om` EH$ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ XoIZm, ñWmZr` {M{H$Ëgm na§namE§, XñVH$mar, A{^^mdH$mo§ Am¡a ~‹S>o-~wOwJm] Ho$ gmW H$m‘ H$aHo$ grIZm, {’$OycIMr© H$mo ~wam ‘mZZm Am{X {gÕm§V em{‘c h¡§& BgH$m ‘Vc~ na§namAm| H$mo Am§I ‘y§X H$a ‘mZ coZm ^r Zhr§ h¡& na§namJV ^maV ‘o§ ^r ~hþV Hw$N> Eogm h¡ (O¡go {H$ Om{VdmX d ‘{hcmAm| H$m emofU) {OgH$mo h‘o§ A~ h‘oem Ho$ {cE N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hE& dmñVd ‘o§ ‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì AVrV Ho$ gmW EH$ gw{M§{VV g§~§Y H$s H$ënZm h¡, Eogo ~hþV gmao ‘yë`dmZ ì`dhmamo§ H$s ImoO H$m {gc{gcm h¡ {OZH$mo A~ ^wcm {X`m J`m h¡& `o Cg Vah H$m nwZéËWmZdmX ^r Zhr§ h¡ {OgH$s ^maV Ho$ X{jUn§Wr {h§Xy Ah‘Ý`dmXr ~mV H$aVo h¡§& h‘o§ na§namAm| H$mo CZ cmoJmo§ Ho$ M§Jwc go ~MmZm hmoJm Omo CÝho§ Y‘mªY VarHo$ go BñVo‘mc H$a aho h¡§&

ñWmZr`H$aU

ñWmZr`H$aU H$m éPmZ d¡ídrH$aU Ho$ {dnarV h¡& `h YmaUm Bg {dídmg na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$ Omo cmoJ g§gmYZmo§ (O§Jc, g‘wX«, VQ>, IoV, ehar gw{dYmE§, Am{X) Ho$ g~go {ZH$Q> ahVo h¡§ CZH$s hr CZ g§gmYZmo§ na g~go Á`mXm XmdoXmar ^r hmoZr Mm{hE; CÝhr§ Ho$ nmg CZ g§gmYZmo§ Ho$ à~§YZ H$m g~go AÀN>m kmZ hmoVm h¡& ~oeH$, h‘oem Eogm Zhr§ hmoVm Am¡a ^maV ‘o§ ~hþV gmao g‘wXm` gaH$ma Ho$ à ŵËd dmcr Zr{V`mo§ Ho$ H$maU BZ g§gmYZmo§ Ho$ à~§YZ H$s j‘Vm J§dm MwHo$ h¡§ Š`mo§{H$ BZ Zr{V`mo§ Zo cmoJmo§ H$s AnZr

h‘o§ àH¥${V H$s AZ‘moc n`m©daUr` Cn`mo{JVm H$m AmXa d g§ajU H$aZm Mm{hE&

13

g§ñWmJV g§aMZmAm|, na§namJV H$m`Xo-H$mZyZmo§ Am¡a Xygar gm‘Ï`m] H$mo n§Jw ~Zm {X`m h¡& {’$a ^r, AJa g‘wXm`mo§ H$mo J¡a-gaH$mar g§JR>Zmo§ Am¡a gaH$ma H$s Va’$ go g§doXZercVm Ho$ gmW ‘XX {‘co Vmo A{Zdm ©̀ CËnmXZ, Cn^moJ, ì`mnma, ñdmñÏ`, {ejm d AÝ` godmAm| Ho$ ñWmZr`H$aU H$s Va’$ ~‹T>m Om gH$Vm h¡& Oc g§ajU, O¡d{d{dYVm g§ajU, {ejm, A{^emgZ, ImÚ Ed§ gm‘J«r CËnmXZ, D$Om© CËnmXZ, H$Mam à~§YZ Am¡a AÝ` joÌmo§ ‘o§ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V ñVa na ^maV ‘o§ hOmamo§ A{^Zd à`moJ Mc aho h¡§& ò à`mg Jm§d Am¡a eha, XmoZmo§ OJh XoIo Om gH$Vo h¡§& ^maVr` g§{dYmZ ‘o§ {H$E JE 73do§ Am¡a 74do§ g§{dYmZ g§emoYZ (J«m‘rU Ed§ ehar g‘wXm`mo§ Ho$ nj ‘o§ epŠV`mo§ H$m {dHo§$X«rH$aU) H$mo Vm{H©$H$ n[a{U{V VH$ co Om`m OmE Vmo dmñVd ‘o§ BgH$m Ame` ñWmZr`H$aU go hr h¡& BgHo$ Hw$N> gOrd CXmhaU ò hmo gH$Vo h¡§ :

) So>H$Z So>dcon‘o§Q> gmogm`Q>r H$s X{cV ‘{hcm {H$gmZmo§, J«rZ ’$mC§So>eZ Ho$ gmW H$m‘ H$a aho g‘wXm`mo§, ~rO ~MmAmo Am§XmocZ go Ow‹S>o {H$gmZmo§ Am¡a ZdXmÝ`m Ho$ O¡dn§Mm`V ZoQ>dH©$ Zo ’$gcmo§ H$s {d{dYVm H$m amñVm AnZm H$a {Q>H$mD$ IoVr H$m CXmhaU àñVwV {H$`m h¡&

) C‹S>rgm, ‘hmamï´>, CÎmamI§S>, ZmJmc¡§S> Am¡a AÝ` àXoemo§ ‘o§ O§Jcmo§, Vmcm~mo§-Z{X`mo§, Kmg Ho$ ‘¡XmZmo§ Am¡a VQ>r`/g‘wX«r joÌmo§ VWm dÝ` Ord Am~m{X`mo§ d àOm{V`mo§ Ho$ g§ajU d àOZZ/nwZOr©dZ Ho$ {cE hOmamo§ g‘wXm` AmYm[aV à`mg Mc aho h¡§&

) ZmJmc¡§S> gaH$ma Zo {ejm, ñdmñÏ`, {~Ocr Am¡a AÝ` Am`m‘mo§ Ho$ "gm‘wXm`rH$aU' (A{YH$ ñWmZr` {Z`§ÌU) Ho$ g’$c à`moJ {H$E h¡§&

) g¡H$‹S>mo§ Jm§d {ZO©c, gyIo H$s Ame§H$m dmco joÌmo§ ‘o§ Oc AmË‘{Z^©aVm H$m g’$c à`moJ H$a MwHo$ h¡§& BgHo$ {cE CÝhmo§Zo nmZr Ho$ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V g§ajU Am¡a CgHo$ à`moJ Ho$ {cE g»V ñd{Z`‘Z H$m amñVm AnZm`m h¡& VéU ^maV g§K Ûmam amOñWmZ Ho$ Acda {Oco ‘o§ {H$`m J`m Eogm EH$ à`moJ C„oIZr` h¡&

) AnZr gmar Oê$aVmo§ Ho$ {cE naOr{d`mo§ H$s Vah Jm§dmo§ na ehamo§ H$s {Z^©aVm Ho$ emñÌr` ‘m°S>c go Xya OmZo H$m CXmhaU ^wO (H$ÀN>, JwOamV) ‘o§ XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& hþZaemcm, ghOrdZ, H$ÀN> ‘{hcm {dH$mg g§JR>Z Am¡a EgrQ>r O¡gr g§ñWmAm| Zo {‘cH$a Pw½Jrdm{g`mo§, ‘{hcm ‘§S>cmo§ Am¡a AÝ` ZmJ[aH$mo§ H$mo g§J{R>V H$aHo$ OcmJ‘ joÌmo§ H$mo nwZOr©{dV H$aZo Am¡a EH$ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V Oc ^§S>maU d à~§YZ ì`dñWm ~ZmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡& `o g§JR>Z R>mog H$Mao Ho$ {ZñVmaU, Jar~ ‘{hcmAm| Ho$ {cE amoOJmamo§, n`m©á ñdÀN>Vm Am¡a g~Ho$ {cE gå‘mZOZH$ Amdmg gw{dYmAm| H$m ~§Xmo~ñV H$aVo h¡§& `hm§ Ho$ Acmdm ~|Jcyê$, nwUo d AÝ` ehamo§ ‘o§ ^r ~hþV gmao ZmJ[aH$ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V, ñWmZr` {Z`moOZ Ho$ {cE 74do§ g§{dYmZ g§emoYZ H$s ‘XX co aho h¡§&

) ñWmZr`H$aU H$s g’$cVm Ho$ {cE `o Oê$ar h¡ {H$ h‘ Om{V ì`dñWm, A§VYm©{‘©H$ à{H«$`mAm| Am¡a Za-Zmar (Oo§S>a) g§~§Ymo§ ‘o§ {N>no gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ emofU H$mo ^r g§~mo{YV H$ao§& Bg Vah H$s Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo {ZíM` hr Xya {H$`m

Om gH$Vm h¡ - `h ~mV Am§Y« àXoe ‘o§ So>ŠH$Z So>dcon‘o§Q> gmogm`Q>r H$s J{V{d{Y`mo§ Ho$ O[aE X{cV ‘{hcmAm| H$mo {‘c aho AmXa d Jm¡ad, V{‘cZmSw> Ho$ Hw$Wå~ŠH$‘ Jm§d ‘o§ X{cVmo§ d "D$§Mr' Om{V`mo§ Ho$ ~rM nhco go Á`mXm g‘mZVm VWm Z‘©Xm ~MmAmo Am§XmocZ H$s OrdZemcmAm| ‘o§ Am{Xdmgr ~ƒmo§ Ho$ gepŠVH$aU Ho$ AZw^dmo§ go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& d¡go ^r, Bg Ame` Ho$ ~hþV Á`mXm gmú` Zhr§ h¡ {H$ d¡ídrH$aU Zo Om{V, Y‘© Am¡a Za-Zmar AmYm[aV emofU na H$moB© C„oIZr` A§Hw$e cJm`m h¡ Am¡a Z hr Bg Ame` Ho$ gmú` CncãY h¡§ {H$ BgZo ZE {H$ñ‘ H$s Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo OÝ‘ Zhr§ {X`m h¡&

ŷjoÌ ñVa na H$m‘ H$aZm

ñWmZr` Am¡a N>moQ>o ñVa na H$m‘ H$aZm hr n`m©á Zhr§ hmoJm& h‘ A^r {OZ g‘ñ`mAm| go OyP aho h¡§ CZ‘o§ go ~hþV gmar ~hþV ì`mnH$ n¡‘mZo H$s g‘ñ`mE§ h¡§& `o Eogr g‘ñ`mE§ h¡§ Omo {demc ^y-joÌmo§ (Am¡a g‘wX«mo§), Xoemo§, joÌmo§ Am¡a dñVwV: nyar n¥Ïdr na ’¡$cr hþB© h¡§& dm`w‘§S>cr` n[adV©Z, {df¡co nXmWm] H$m ’¡$cmd Am¡a ao{JñVmZmo§ H$m ’¡$cmd Bgr Vah Ho$ CXmhaU h¡§& ^yjoÌ Am¡a gr‘mnmar` {Z`moOZ d A{^emgZ ({Ogo "O¡djoÌdmX' `m "n`m©daUr` joÌdmX' Am{X Zm‘ ^r {XE JE h¡§) O¡gr {XcMñn ZB© nÕ{V`mo§ H$mo H$B© Xoemo§ Am¡a joÌmo§ ‘o§ AmO‘m`m Om ahm ho& A^r ^maV ‘o§ `o H$mo{eeo§ AnZr e¡ed AdñWm ‘o§ h¡§ co{H$Z BZ‘o§ go Hw$N> go {ZíM` hr h‘ g~H$ grI gH$Vo h¡§& amOñWmZ ‘o§ pñWV Aadar g§gX ‘o§ amÁ` Ho$ 72 Jm§dmo§ Ho$ cmoJ {‘c H$a 400 {H$cmo‘rQ>a ‘o§ ’¡$cr ZXr VchQ>r H$s gma-g§^mc H$m {Oå‘m CR>mE hþE h¡§& do ^y{‘, H¥${f, Oc, dÝ` OrdZ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {cE g‘o{H$V `moOZmE§ d H$m`©H«$‘ V¡`ma H$aVo h¡§& ‘hmamï´> ‘o§ dm°Q>a `yµOg© Egmo{gEeZ H$s EH$ ’o$S>aoeZ H$mo dmKm‹S> {g§MmB© n[a`moOZm Ho$ à~§YZ H$m H$m‘ gm¡§nm J`m h¡& `o nhcm CXmhaU h¡ O~ H$moB© gaH$mar n[a`moOZm nyar Vah ñWmZr` OZVm H$mo gm¡§n Xr JB© h¡&

{dHo§$X«rH¥$V Ed§ ŷjoÌ ñVar` A{^emgZ d à~§YZ go AmJo ~‹T>Vo hþE ò H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àË òH$ O¡d joÌ, àm§V Am¡a Xoe Ho$ {cE ^r ŷ{‘ à`moJ H$s EH$ Vm{H©$H$ nÕ{V hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg Vah H$s `moOZm n`m©daUr` Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ X¥{ï> go Xoe H$s g~go ZmOwH$ `m ‘hËdnyU© O‘rZmo§ H$mo h‘oem Ho$ {cE {H$gr Z {H$gr {H$ñ‘ H$s g§a{jV loUr ‘o§ aI XoJr (`h nyar Vah gh^mJr `moOZm hmoJr Am¡a Cg‘o§

B§gmZr Iwehmcr Ho$ {cE àH¥${V d g§ñH¥${V Ho$ g§~§Y ~hþV A{Zdm`© h¡§&

14 cmoJmo§ Ho$ A{YH$mamo§ H$m Ü`mZ aIm OmEJm)& Bg Vah H$s `moOZm ehamo§ Am¡a H$ñ~mo§ H$mo ^r Oc g§ajU, N>Vmo§ Am¡a Imcr ßbm°Q>g ‘o§ IoVr, {dHo§$X«rH¥$V D$Om© CËnmXZ Am{X Ho$ O[aE A{YH$V‘ g§̂ d hX VH$ g§gmYZ OwQ>mZo Ho$ {cE àmoËgm{hV H$aoJr, Am¡a Bg Vah Jm§dmo§ Ho$ gmW CZH$m g§~§Y Ho$dc naOrdr dmcm Z ahH$a nañna cm^ H$m g§~§Y ~Z OmEJm& J«m‘rU g‘wXm`mo§ Ho$ g§gmYZmo§ H$m Š`m hmoVm h¡, Bg‘o§ CZH$s am` {OVZr ‘hËdnyU© hmoJr Am¡a AnZr OrdZ e¡cr Ho$ ~mao ‘o§ ehadm{g`mo§ Ho$ ^rVa {OVZr Á`mXm OmJê$H$Vm hmoJr, nañna gh^m{JVm Ho$ g§~§Y CVZo hr Jhao hmo§Jo&

Hw$c {‘cmH$a, O¡go-O¡go ñWmZr` ñVa na AZwHy$c à`mgmo§ Ho$ O[aE Jm§d nwZOr©{dV hmoVo OmE§Jo, d¡go-d¡go Jm§dmo§ go ehamo§ H$s Va’$ ncm`Z ^r Yr‘m hmo OmEJm Am¡a g§^d h¡ {H$ BgH$s {Xem CcQ> OmE& ‘hmamï´> Ho$ amcoJm§d {gÕr Am¡a hrdao ~mOma ‘o§ VWm ‘Ü` àXoe Ho$ Xodmg {Oco ‘o§ Eogm hmo MwH$m h¡& Xodmg ‘o§ g‘mO àJ{V gh`moJ Zm‘H$ g§ñWm `hr H$m‘ H$a ahr h¡& PmaI§S> ‘o§ Ohm§ PmH«$mâQ> g§ñWm g{H«$` h¡ dhm§ ^r H$B© Jm§dmo§ ‘o§ `h pñW{V ~Zr h¡&

ñWmZr` go amḯ>r` A{^emgZ H$s Amoa

‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì H$s YmaUm ‘o§ cmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ A{^emgZ H$s à{H«$`m g~go cKw, g~go ñWmZr` BH$mB© go ewê$ hmoVr h¡ h¡& ^maV Ho$ g§{dYmZ ‘o§ Jm§d Am¡a J«m‘ g‘yhmo§ Ho$ ñVa na VWm ehamo§ ‘o§ dmS©> g{‘{V`mo§ Ho$ ñVa na n§Mm`Vmo§ Ho$ O[aE A{^emgZ H$s ì`dñWm H$s JB© h¡& na§Vw `o àm{V{Z{YH$ {ZH$m` ^r CÝhr§ Im{‘`mo§ go J«ñV h¡ {OZgo D$nar ñVa H$m àm{V{Z{YH$ cmoH$V§Ì J«ñV h¡& BZgo ~MZo Ho$ {cE h‘o§ J«m‘ g^m Am¡a ehamo§ ‘o§ joÌ g^m (dmS²>g© Ho$ ^rVa cKwVa BH$mB`m§) H$m gepŠVH$aU H$aZm hmoJm Vm{H$ {H$gr Q>moco/Jm§d AWdm ehar ~ñVr Ho$ g^r d`ñH$ {ZU©` à{H«$`m ‘o§ ghO T>§J go {hñgm co gHo§$& ñWmZr` àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZmo§ `m n`m©daUr` ‘wÔmo§ go g§~§{YV g^r ‘hËdnyU© ’¡$gco Bgr ñVa na {cE OmZo Mm{hE Am¡a Bg ~mV H$m {deof àmdYmZ {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE {H$ {ZU©` à{H«$`m ‘o§ ‘{hcmAm| d AÝ` d§{MV V~H$mo§ H$s ^r nyar gh^m{JVm gw{ZpíMV H$s OmEJr&

BgHo$ CXmhaU nhco hr h‘mao gm‘Zo ‘m¡OyX h¡§ :

) ‘o§T>m-coIm (‘hmamï´>) Ho$ Jmo§S> Am{Xdmgr Jm§dmo§ Zo "‘w§~B© {X„r ‘o§ h‘mar gaH$ma, AnZo Jm§d ‘o§ h‘ gaH$ma' H$m {gÕm§V AnZm`m h¡& Bg Jm§d ‘o§ gmao ’¡$gco Jm§d H$s nyar g^m Ho$ gm‘Zo Jm§d Ho$ hr AÝ` Aä`mg JwQ> Ho$ AmYma na OwQ>m`r JB© OmZH$m[a`mo§ ghmao g~H$s gh‘{V go {cE OmVo h¡§& {nN>co

VrZ XeH$mo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ^moOZ, nmZr, D$Om© Am¡a ñWmZr` AmOr{dH$m g§~§Yr gmar ~w{Z`mXr Oê$aVmo§ H$mo `h Jm§d IwX nyam H$aZo Ho$ g’$c à`mg ‘o§ cJm h¡& Bg Jm§d Ho$ cmoJmo§ Zo 1800 h¡ŠQ>o`a dZ ^y{‘ H$m ^r g§ajU H$aHo$ {XIm {X`m h¡ {Og na A~ CZH$mo nyam H$mZyZr A{YH$ma ^r {‘c J`m h¡&

) CnamoŠV J«m‘rU CXmhaUmo§ Ho$ Acmdm Hw$N> eha ^r gh^mJr ~O{Q>§J H$s {Xem ‘o§ ~‹T>Zo cJo h¡§ Ohm§ ZmJ[aH$ hr gaH$mar ~OQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$ {cE ì`` g§~§Yr àmW{‘H$VmE§ emgZ Ho$ nmg ^oOVo h¡§&

~‹S>o ñVa H$s A{^emgZ g§aMZmE§ ‘ycV: BÝhr§ ~w{Z`mXr BH$mB`mo§ go {dH${gV hmoZr Mm{hE& BZ‘o§ g‘mZ n`m©daUr` {d{eï>VmAm| dmco J«m‘ g‘yh `m J«m‘ g§K, ^yµjoÌ ñVar` g§ñWmZ Am¡a Eogr AÝ` g§ñWmE§ ~Zm`r Om gH$Vr h¡§ Omo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘o§ {Oco Am¡a amÁ` H$s ‘m¡OyXm àemgH$s` d amOZr{VH$ BH$mB`mo§ go ^r g§~Õ hmo§& amÁ`mo§ Am¡a Xoemo§ H$m A{^emgZ EH$ Á`mXm ~‹S>r MwZm¡Vr Oê$a h¡ co{H$Z {d’$c hmo MwHo$ `m Am§{eH$ ê$n go g’$c ZXr-VchQ>r àm{YH$aUmo§ O¡go à`moJmo§ go ~hþV gmao g~H$ grIo Om gH$Vo h¡§&

gmW©H$ {ejm Ed§ ñdmñÏ`

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Bgr àH$ma H$B© g§JR>Z cmoH$ ñdmñÏ` àUm{c`mo§ na ^r H$m‘ H$a aho h¡§& do g‘wXm`mo§ H$mo AnZr ñdmñÏ` g‘ñ`mAm| go OyPZo Ho$ {cE CZH$m gepŠVH$aU H$aVo h¡§& do na§namJV Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ ì`dñWmAm| H$mo EH$ Xygao go Omo‹S> H$a Am¡a gwa{jV ^moOZ d nmZr, nmofU, amoYH$ ñdmñÏ` Cnm`mo§ Am¡a CnMmaH$ H$m`©H«$‘mo§ H$mo EH$ Xygao Ho$ {ZH$Q> cmZo H$m à`mg H$a aho h¡§&

amoOJma Am¡a AmOr{dH$m

ñWmZr`H$aU Am¡a ^yjoÌ {Z`moOZ H$m {‘lU AmOr{dH$m Adgamo§ H$s ^r O~X©ñV g§^mdZmE§ n¡Xm H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma, `h nÕ{V ^maV H$s EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>r g‘ñ`m `mZr ~oamoOJmar H$mo Xya H$aZo H$m ^r gmYZ ~Z gH$Vr h¡& ^y{‘ Ed§ Oc nwZZ©drH$aU, VWm

CÎma H$ÝZ‹S>m ‘o§ Kaocy ~JrMmo§ H$mo nwZOr©{dV H$aZo ‘o§ nWàXe©H$ ^y{‘H$m {Z^mZo dmcr ñdJr©` gm{dÌr Aå‘m&

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g§`wŠV amï´> n`m©daU H$m`©H«$‘ Am¡a A§Vam©ï´>r` l‘ g§JR>Z H$m AZw‘mZ h¡ {H$ ‘mZdmo{MV l‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ n[a^m{fV Eogo "h[aV amoOJmamo§' ‘o§ AmOr{dH$m Ho$ ^mar Adga h¡§ Omo ‘m¡OyXm n`m©daUr` g§H$Q> go {ZnQ>Zo ‘o§ ‘XX Xo§Jo& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE, O¡{dH$, N>moQ>o n¡‘mZo H$s IoVr na§namJV agm`Z AmYm[aV IoVr Ho$ ‘wH$m~co Á`mXm cmoJmo§ H$mo H$m‘ Xo gH$Vr h¡& nwZZ©drH$aUr` D$Om© CËnmXZ Am¡a D$Om© Hw$ecVm Omo A^r AnZo e¡ed MaU ‘o§ h¡, dh cmImo§ cmoJmo§ H$mo amoOJma Xo gH$Vr h¡& IoVr Am¡a D$Om© (CËnmXZ d Hw$ecVm) VWm n[adhZ, D$Om© Hw$ec {Z‘m©U, {dHo§$X«rH¥$V CÚmoJ, argmBpŠb§J (BñVo‘mc hmo MwH$s MrOmo§ H$mo {’$a go BñVo‘mc `mo½` dñVwAm| ‘o§ ê$nm§V[aV H$aZo H$s à{H«$`m), dm{ZH$s d AÝ` H$B© joÌmo§ ‘o§ ^r h‘mao gm‘Zo A^yVnyd© g§^mdZmE§ ‘m¡OyX h¡§& {’$a ^r, Bg g§^mdZm H$m AmH$cZ H$aZo Ho$ {cE A^r VH$ H$moB© g‘J« AÜ``Z Zhr§ {H$`m J`m h¡&

Am{W©H$ cmoH$V§Ì

‘yc^yV n`m©daUr` cmoH$V§Ì Ho$ {cE h‘o§ Z Ho$dc amOZr{VH$ A{^emgZ ‘o§ ~pëH$ CËnmXZ d Cn^moJ Ho$ Am{W©H$ g§~§Ymo§ ‘o§ ^r Am‘yc ~Xcmd cmZo hmo§Jo& d¡pídH$ AW©ì`dñWmE§ Cn^moJ H$m cmoH$Vm§ÌrH$aU Vmo H$aVr h¡§ co{H$Z CËnmXZ H$m cmoH$Vm§ÌrH$aU Zhr§ H$aVr (d¡go Vmo `o ^r {g’©$ H$hZo dmcr hr ~mV h¡ {H$ Cn^moŠVm hr "na‘oída' h¡ Š`mo§{H$ ~hþYm Cn^moŠVmAm| Ho$ gm‘Zo MwZmd H$m {g’©$ EH$ ^«‘ ‘mÌ ahVm h¡)& Eogm Ho$dc V^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ O~ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V CËnmXZ gw{ZpíMV {H$`m OmE Omo Cn^moŠVmAm| d CËnmXH$mo§ Ho$ {Z`§ÌU ‘o§ hmo&

Jm§d AmYm[aV `m Hw$Q>ra CÚmoJmo§, cKw Ed§ {dHo§$X«rH¥$V CÚmoJmo§ H$m Jm§YrdmXr àñVmd XeH$mo§ go h‘mao gm‘Zo ahm h¡& Bg Vah H$m CÚmoJ g~go nhco Am¡a gdm}n[a ñWmZr` Amdí`H$VmAm| Am¡a CgHo$ níMmV amï´>r` AWdm A§Vam©ï´>r` Amdí`H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© na Ho§${X«V hmoJm& `h EH$ ñWmZr` AW©ì`dñWm H$m A§J hmoJm {Og‘o§ CËnmXH$-Cn^moŠVm g§~§Y ‘w»` ê$n go ñWmZr` hmo§Jo Bg{cE Cg Vah Ho$ CËnmXZ VWm ‘m¡OyXm ny§OrdmXr CËnmXZ Ho$ ~rM g~go ~w{Z`mXr ’$H©$ `o hmoJm {H$ dh AnZo VWm Am¡amo§ Ho$ {cE hmoJm, ‘yc ê$n go cm^ Ho$ {cE Zhr§ ~pëH$ EH$ godm Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ hmoJm&

Bg Vah Ho$ Am{W©H$ cmoH$V§Ì ‘o§ J«m‘ g‘yh `m Jm§dmo§ d ehamo§ Ho$ g‘yh àma§{^H$ BH$mB© hmo§Jo& CXmhaU Ho$ {cE :

) V{‘cZmSw> ‘o§ Hw$Wå~ŠH$‘ Jm§d Ho$ gan§M am‘mñdm‘r Bco§Jmo 7-8 Jm§dmo§ H$mo {‘cm H$a EH$ "‘wŠV ì`mnma joÌ’ ~ZmZo H$m

à`mg H$a aho h¡§& Bg "‘wŠV ì`mnma joÌ' ‘o§ `o Jm§d EH$-Xygao Ho$ gmW dñVwAm| d godmAm| H$m (nañna cm^ Ho$ {cE) ì`mnma H$ao§Jo {Oggo ~mhar ì`mnma Am¡a emgZ na CZH$s {Z^©aVm H$mo H$‘ {H$`m Om gHo$& Bg Vah, BZ Jm§dmo§ H$m n¡gm ñWmZr` {dH$mg ‘o§ nwZ: {Zdoe Ho$ {cE BÝhr§ Jm§dmo§ ‘o§ ahoJm Am¡a CZHo$ Amngr g§~§Y ^r ‘O~yV hmo§Jo&

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n¡gm Vmo {d{Z‘` H$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© ‘mÜ`‘ ~Zm ahoJm co{H$Z `h AkmV A§Vamï´>r` {dÎmr` g§ñWmZmo§ H$s ~Om` ñWmZr` {Z`§ÌU d à~§YZ Ho$ ^rVa hmoJm Am¡a Amng ‘o§ Ow‹S>o {dÎmr` ~mOmamo§ Ho$ O[aE H$m‘ H$aZo dmcr d¡pídH$ ny§Or H$s A‘yV© epŠV`m§ BgH$mo {Z`§{ÌV Zhr§ H$a nmE§Jr& H$m’$s gmam ñWmZr` ì`mnma ñWmZr` ‘wX«mAm| `m dñVw-{d{Z‘` H$s ì`dñWm Ho$ VhV hmoZo cJoJm Am¡a ^co hr CËnmXmo§ d godmAm| H$m ‘yë` n¡go ‘o§ ì`ŠV hmoVm aho, dh EH$ {Zì`£pŠVH$, {Z`§ÌU‘wŠV ~mhar ~mOma H$s ~Om` ñd`§ XoZo Am¡a coZo dmcmo§ Ho$ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoJm& Xw{Z`m ^a ‘o§ Z Ho$dc Ag§»` àH$ma H$s ñWmZr` ‘wX«mE§ ‘m¡OyX h¡§ ~pëH$ ì`mnma d godmAm| Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZ Ho$ J¡a-‘m¡{X«H$ VarHo$ ^r ‘m¡OyX h¡§&

{dÎmr` à~§YZ H$m ^r Jhao Vm¡a na {dHo§$X«rH$aU H$aZm hmoJm& Bgo AmO Ho$ ~¡§H$mo§ Ed§ {dÎmr` g§ñWmZmo§ Ho$ ‘hmg§Ho§$X«U go ‘wŠV H$amZm hmoJm& d¡pídH$ g§ñWmZmo§ Am¡a CZH$s gQ²>Q>o~mOr àd¥{Îm`mo§ H$mo {‘cr Iwcr Ny>Q> hr VmOm Am{W©H$ g§H$Q> H$s O‹S> h¡& co{H$Z BgHo$ gmW hr Xw{Z`m ^a ‘o§ {nN>co Hw$N> XeH$mo§ Ho$ Xm¡amZ Ag§»` ñWmZr`, g‘wXm` AmYm[aV ~¡§{H§$J Ed§ {dËVr` ì`dñWmE§ ^r n¡Xm hþB© h¡§&

gaH$ma H$s ŷ{‘H$m

BZ d¡H$pënH$ ^{dî`mo§ H$m ‘yc AmYma Vmo g‘wXm` (J«m‘rU Am¡a ehar) hr hmo§Jo co{H$Z gaH$ma H$mo H$‘Omoa (‘mZdr` Am¡a J¡a-

nmMmgmco, So>ŠH$Z So>dcon‘o§Q> gmogm`Q>r H$m d¡H$pënH$ ñHy$c&

16 ‘mZdr`, XmoZmo§) V~H$mo§ Ho$ {hV ‘o§ AnZr H$ë`mUH$mar ^y{‘H$m H$mo ~aH$ama aIZm hmoJm `m Am¡a ~‹T>mZm hmoJm, H$‘ go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘` Ho$ {cE& gaH$ma g‘wXm`mo§ H$mo CZ n[apñW{V`mo§ ‘o§ ghm`Vm XoJr Ohm§ ñWmZr` j‘Vm H$‘ h¡, O¡go g§gmYZ OwQ>mZo ‘o§, A{YH$ma àXmZ H$aZo ‘o§ Am¡a ñdm{‘Ëd gwajm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo ‘o§& gaH$ma Eogo ì`mdgm{`H$ VËdmo§ `m AÝ` ñdmWm] na A§Hw$e cJmEJr Omo n`m©daU `m cmoJmo§ Ho$ à{V J¡a-{Oå‘oXmamZm T>§J go ì`dhma H$a aho h¡§& Cgo g§{dYmZ Ho$ VhV àË`oH$ ZmJ[aH$ H$mo {‘co {d{^ÝZ ‘yc A{YH$mamo§ Ho$ ajH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m AnZmZr hmoJr Am¡a BgHo$ {cE gyMZm A{YH$ma H$mZyZ O¡go C{MV Zr{VJV Cnm` ^r H$aZo hmo§Jo& Am¡a A§V ‘o§, Cgo g‘mOmo§ Am¡a amï´>mo§ Ho$ ì`mnH$ d¡pídH$ g§~§Ymo§ ‘o§ AnZr ^y{‘H$m ^r H$m`‘ aIZr hmoJr (O~ VH$ amï´> aho§Jo)&

d¡pídH$ g§~§Y

Am{W©H$ d¡ídrH$aU H$s à{H«$`m Ho$ CcQ>Zo H$m ‘Vc~ d¡pídH$ g§~§Ymo§ H$s g‘m{á Zhr§ h¡! {dMmamo§, ì`pŠV`mo§, godmAm| Am¡a dñVwAm| H$m Xw{Z`m ^a ‘o§ àdmh h‘oem Omar ahm h¡ Am¡a BgZo AH$ga ‘mZd g‘mOmo§ H$mo g‘¥{Õ Xr h¡& {dÎm Am¡a ny§Or