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1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol Janega MUDr.Andrea Janegová MUDr. Zuzana Čierna Department of pathology, Comenius University Sasinkova 4, Bratislava Prof. MUDr. Ľudovít Danihel, CSc.

1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

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Page 1: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

1-2

PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Dentistry

Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol Janega

MUDr.Andrea Janegová

MUDr. Zuzana Čierna

Department of pathology, Comenius University

Sasinkova 4, Bratislava

Prof. MUDr. Ľudovít Danihel, CSc.

Page 2: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis (57)

• cause – hypertension → thickening of arteries, reduction of lumen

→ local ischemia

• nephrosclerosis - benign – hyaline arteriolosclerosis, intimal

thickening

- malignant - (> 200/140 mmHg) - fibrinoid necrosis,

hyperplastic intimal sclerosis

Arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis

• cause – atherosclerosis of a.renalis, ischemic changes

Page 3: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Arterio- and arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis (57)

Page 4: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Arterio- and arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis (57)

Page 5: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Arterio- and arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis (57)

Page 6: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Glomerulonephritis (59,61)

• renal disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli

• cause –IC (local IC deposits, circulating IC), anti-GBM antibodies

• primary / secondary (SLE, vasculities, DM, infectious diseases)

• acute / rapidly progressive / chronic

• clinical presentation:

- nephritic syndrome (haematuria, mild proteinuria, hypertension,

oedema, oliguria)

- nephrotic syndrome (heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia,

oedema, hyperlipidaemia, lipiduria, hypercoagulability)

- combination

Pathology of uropoetic system

Page 7: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Primary glomerulonephritis

1. Acute GN a) post-streptococcal

b) non-streptococcal

2. Rapidly progressive GN

3. Minimal change disease

4. Membranous GN

5. Membrano-proliferative GN

6. Focal proliferative GN

7. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

8. IgA nephropathy

9. Chronic glomerulonephritis

Page 8: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Glomerulonephritis – morphological changes

Minimal change GN

(Minimal change disease. Lipoid nephrosis. Foot process disease)

- no changes on light microscopy

- on electron microscopy fusion of podocytes

- nephrotic syndrome

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

- focal (certain number of glomeruli) a segmental (part of

glomeruli) affection

- sclerosis of glomeruli and hyalinisation of arterioles

- nephrotic syndrome with heavy proteinuria

Focal proliferative GN (Mesangial proliferative GN)

- proliferation of mesang. and endothel. cells

- haematuria

Page 9: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Diffuse GN:

Membranous glomerulonephritis

(Epimembranous nephropathy)

- subepithel. "spike" deposits → thickening of BM

- subepitelial IC deposits

- without cell proliferation

- nephrotic syndrome, mostly in adults

Page 10: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Glomerulonephritis – morphological changes

Proliferative GN

Mesangial proliferative GN

- IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) – most common GN in adults

- increased number of mesangial cells and matrix

- IgA deposits in mesangium

- macroscopic haematuria

Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) GN

- enlarged, lobular glomeruli - proliferation of mesangial cells, matrix

and thickening of GBM („tram track“)

Page 11: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis

Page 12: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Diffuse mesangiocapillary/membranoproliferative/ glomerulonephritis

Page 13: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Endocapillary GN

Acute post-streptococcal GN - mostly in children

• sudden onset 1 – 2 weeks after streptococcal infection β-hemol. Strep.gr.A (pharyngitis, impetigo), CF – acute nephritic syndrome

• enlarged, hypercellular glomeruli (proliferation of mesangial, endothel., epithel. cells, Ne)

• IC deposits in glomeruli subepithelially (IgG,C3)

• recovery / rapidly progres. GN / chronic GN / chron.ren.failure

Acute non-streptococcal GN - bacteria (staphylococci, pneumococci, meningococci), viruses (hep.B, mumps), parasitic infection (toxoplasmosis), syphilis

• Micro – similar to post-streptococcal GN

• prognosis is not as good as that of post-streptococcal GN

Page 14: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Extracapillary (crescentic) GN

(Rapidly progressive GN, RPGN)

- proliferation of epithelial cells of Bowman capsule → formation of

crescents → compresion of capillaries

- Goodpasture’s synd. - Ab against BM of glomeruli and alveoli

Diffuse sclerosing GN and End stage kidney

(Chronic GN)

- advanced stage of all GN

- glomerulosclerosis, sclerosis of small arteries, tubular atrophy,

interstitial fibrosis…

Page 15: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Extracapillary glomerulonephritis

Page 16: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Extracapillary glomerulonephritis

Page 17: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

End stage kidney

Page 18: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

End stage kidney

Page 19: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of uropoetic system

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (acute pyelonephritis) (94)

• E. coli, staphylococcuc aureus

• ascending infection – reflux of the urine into the renal pelvis and calyces –

bacteria entry into the renal parenchyma

• haematogenous infection

• abscess formation, purulent granulocytic exsudate in tubules (leukocyte

casts), purulent inflammation in the collecting tubules, interstitial tissue and

in renal pelvis

• complications – urosepsis, pyonephros, peri- & pararenal abscess…

Page 20: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Page 21: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Page 22: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (94)

Page 23: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (94)

Page 24: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

PATHOLOGY OF UROGENITAL SYSTEM

Adenocarcinoma of kidney (Renal cell carcinoma, Grawitz‘ tumor) (53)

• malignant, 70 – 80% of all renal cancers

• from tubular epitelium

• hematuria, flank and vague pain, palpable abdominal mass (in less

than 10% of patients), paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO production)

• golden yellow tumour, necrosis, haemorrhage

• more histological types

• clear cells – content of glycogen and lipids (clear cell carcinoma)

Page 25: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Renal cell carcinoma (53)

Page 26: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) (251)

• most common solid tumor in young children (usually age before 4

years), malignant

• defect in chromosome 11 (WT1,2)

• histologically 3 elements:

- metanephric blastema (primitive embryonic nephroblastic tissue)

- immature spindled cell stroma (muscle, cartilage, bone, fat

tissue, fibrous tissue)

- immature epithelial elements (abortive tubules and glomeruli)

Pathology of uropoetic system

Page 27: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) (251)

Page 28: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) (251)

Page 29: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocrine system

Diabetes mellitus

= heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia due to

substantially reduced or nonexists insulin secretion

1.) Type I DM (total insuline deficiency)

2.) Type II DM (relative insuline deficiency)

3.) Other types of DM

4.) Gestational DM

Complications:

- acute: diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic

hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycemia

- chronic: macroangiopathy,

microangiopathy (diabetic retinopathy

nefropathy), diabetic neuropathy, diabetic

foot

Page 30: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocine system

Diabetic nephropathy (159)

- increase in mesangial matrix → glomerulosclerosis

- diffuse

- nodular (Kimmelstiel - Wilson syndrome)

- sclerosis of small arteries

- Armanni/ Ebstien cells – prox. tubular cells filled with glycogen

Page 31: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Stage GF proteinuria BP histology

I ↑ - normal glomerular

hypertrophy

II normal - normal BM

thickening

III normal microalbumin

uria

(↑) proliferation

of

mesangium

IV ↓ proteinuria

intercapillary

sclerosis *

V ↓↓

nephrotic

syndrome

↑↑

glomerulo-

sclerosis,

sclerosis of

vessels

- * diffuse type / nodular type (Kimmelstiel – Wilson´s glomerulosclerosis)

- Armani cells – glycogen filled cells of prox.tubuli

Pathology of endocrine system

Page 32: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Glomerulosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis (159)

calcificate

Page 33: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Glomerulosclerosis – hyalinisation and arteriolosclerosis (159)

Page 34: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Glomerulosclerosis – Kimmelstiel Wilson disease and arteriolosclerosis(159)

Page 35: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocrine system

Thyroid gland goiter

Hashimoto’s disease (tyreoiditis) (240)

- chronic lymphocytic tyreoiditis

- autoimmune disease (inhibitory TSH-R Ab, other Ab, T-cells)

- hypothyroidism

- lymphocytic infiltrate with formation of lymphoid follicles with

germinal centres

- decreased number of thyroid follicles, devoid of colloid

- oncocytes (Hurthle, Askanazy, oxyphil cells) – transformed

follicular epithelial cells

Page 36: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Hashimoto’s disease (240)

Page 37: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Hashimoto’s disease (240)

Page 38: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Hashimoto’s disease (240)

Page 39: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocrine system

Thyroid gland goiter

Graves - Basedow disease (70)

- autoimmune disease (TSH-R stimulating Ab)

- hyperthyroidism

- hyperplasia of folicullar cells forming papillary projections into the lumen

- depletion of colloid („moth-eaten“)

Page 40: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Graves - Basedow disease (70)

Page 41: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Graves - Basedow disease (70)

Page 42: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocrine system

Pheochromocytoma (193)

frequent in adults

• neuroendocrine tumor from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

• secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines

• hypertensive crises

• benign / malignant

• sporadic / (hereditary - MEN 2A, B)

Page 43: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pheochromocytoma (193)

Page 44: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pheochromocytoma (193)

Page 45: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

Pathology of endocrine system

Neuroendocrine tumor (NETs) (184)

• benign / malignant

• appendix, term.ileum, colon, intestinum, bronchus, pancreas, other..

• serotonin, kallikrein, histamine, bradykinin... „carcinoid syndrome “

Skin flushing - The skin on face and upper chest changes color from

pink to red to purple with the feeling of „heat“. Flushing episodes last

from 30 to 60 seconds. Flushing can be provoked by eating or

drinking alcohol

• Diarrhea. Frequent, watery stools accompanied by painful

abdominal cramps

• Asthma-like signs and symptoms

Page 46: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

NET – colon (184)

Page 47: 1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM1-2 PATHOLOGY OF UROPOETIC AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Dentistry Ass.Prof.MUDr. Ján Porubský, CSc., Prof.MUDr. Pavel Babál, CSc. MUDr.Pavol

NET – colon (184)

NET

gland