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(20122013)
(2012-2013) ( , )
links ( )
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https://sites.google.com/site/surfingphysics/physics-gymnasium/b-classhttps://sites.google.com/site/surfingphysics
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1 (x )
1.1 , .
1.2 (S.I.). S.I., :
1.3 ) T (m) S.I. _________ .
m: 1 (dm) = _________ m, 1 (cm) = _________ m,
1 (mm) = _________ m , 1 (m) = _________ m
m: 1 (km) = _________ m
) : 705 dm m, 3,05 m cm, 45 mm m, 4,5 m m, 101,05 Km m
1.4 ) T (m2) S.I. _________ .
m2 : 1 (dm2) = _______ m2, 1 (cm2) = _______ m2,
1 (mm2) = _______ m2
m2 : 1 (km2) = ________ m2
) : 4,5 m2 dm2, 45 cm2 m2, 2350 mm2 m2, 0,305 km2 m2
1.5 ) (m3) S.I. _________ .
m3 : 1 (dm3) = _________ m3, 1 (cm3) = _________ m3,
1 (mm3) = _________ m3
: (dm3) (cm3).
) : 5,02 L m3, 50.200 mm3 m3, 50.200 mL L, 5,02 m3 cm3, 1,07 L
cm3
1.6 ) o (s) S.I. _________ .
s : 1 (ms) = _________ s
s : 1 (min) = _________ s, 1 (h) = _________ s
) : 20,5 min s, 300 s h, 300 ms s, 3,5 h min
1.7 ) o (kg) S.I. _________ .
kg : 1 (g) = _________ kg, 1 (mg) = _________ kg
kg : 1 (tn) = _________ kg
) : 30.050 g kg, 20,52 mg g, 0,075 tn kg
1.8 ) ( 3kg
m) S.I. _________ .
kg
L
3
g
cm, .
) : 7,8 3
g
cm
3
kg
m, 800
3
kg
m
kg
L, 1.200
kg
L
3
g
cm
1.9 .
1.10 1 kg 2 kg. / / . []
1.11 ) . ) . ) .
1.12 1 g 5 cm3. M 2 g 10 cm3. / / . []
1.13 2,7 g 1 cm3 7,8 g , , 1 cm3. / / . []
1.14 1 cm3 1 g 1,25 cm3 , , 1 g. / / . []
1.15 7,8 g 6 g. / / . []
1.16 50 cm3 70 cm3. / / . []
1.17 2 . () / / . []
1.18 , , 900 g 1000 cm3. .
1.19 0,5 m3. 800
3
kg
m. .
1.20 1,56 kg. 7,8 3
g
cm. N .
-
2 (x )
2.1 )
)
) ( ).
2.2 ) .
) :
2.3 [ ] , __________________________ .
, ,
_________ . _________ _________ ,
_________ _________ .
_________ , (+ ),
, , _________ . , _________ . S.I. _________ .
2.4 : ) x = +3 m ) x = 1 m ) x = 0 m
2.5 [ ] , _________ .
x x,
_________ . : = _________ , : x = _________ .
_________ _________ .
S.I. _________ .
2.6 :
) x1 = -4 m x2 = -1 m ) x1 = +1 m x2 = +4 m ) x1 = -1 m x2 = +4
m
2.7 )
) 50 m, .
2.8 ________ .
________ .
, _________ .
, : = _________ , : v = _________ .
, , _________ .
________ .
S.I. _________ .
2.9 [ 2, . 40 ]
200 m 20 s. ) m/s km/h.
) , 20 km.
2.10 ) ... v =xt
. x, t ;
) x.
) , ...
2.11 ) ...
x t
x , , x t t
, (x = 0) (t = 0).
) , ...
2.12 ) , .
) .
2.13
[ 3, . 40 ]
15 m/s.
) .
) t1 = 10 s t2 = 20 s .
) . ( to = 0 xo = 0 ).
-
3 (x )
2.14 [ 4, . 40 ]
, ( ),
.
) .
) t1 = 3 s t2 = 7 s.
) 45 m .
) .
2.15 [ 6, . 40 ]
.
. :
)
)
)
2.16 [ 8, . 41 ]
/ .
(, ).
A) :
t1 = 3 s, t2 = 5 s, t3 = 6 s, t4 = 7 s, t5 = 8 s.
B) N 1 s 3 s 5 s 6 s.
) , .
, .
) .
-
4 (x )
3.1 ) [ ] ________ (=) ________
(), _________ .
, , _________ .
) .
3.2 ( ) S.I.
3.3 i. , ii. iii. .
) ( , )
) ( )
) ( )
) ( / )
) ( / ) , ( )
) , ( )
) ( )
) /,
3.4 :
3.5 [ ] ) , -
_________ . _________ .
________ . _________ .
) , , _________ .
, __________ _____________ _____________ ___________
_____________ _____________ ___________ .
_ _____________ ______________ _____________ ___________
_____________ _____________ ___________ .
3.6
[ 3, .62 ]
. , F1 = 4 N F2 = 3 N.
,
)
)
) , 90.
3.7 [ 7, .62 ]
, 45 . F = 50 N
. F .
( " ",
.)
3.8
3 , .
3.9 ,
)
)
3.10 , ,
) ,
)
3.11 , = 100 , .
)
) , , F = 70 ,
) , , F = 70 ,
) , , F = 100 ,
3.12 [ 8, .62 ]
, 1.000 kg, 50 km/h. . []
3.13 [ 12, .62 ]
(). 6
F1 8 , F2 .
-
5 (x )
3.14 ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
) ,
3.15 [ 10, .62 ]
, 2 kg, , , F = 10 N.
...
5 m/s / 20 m/s / []
3.16 [ 12, .61 ]
)
)
)
3.17 [ 13, .61 ]
, . , : "
, . ,
". ;
3.18
[ 17, .61 ]
. ) , . ) ( ).
3.19 [ 15, .61 ]
.
) .
) .
) "".
3.20 [ 16, .61 ]
() .
/ ( "").
3.21 [ 15, .63 ]
, 20 , () .
) , .
) .
3.22 : ) ,
) 4 .
3.23 [ ] ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ . , _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
________________________ .
"" , , , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ________________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
,
_ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________ .
, , _______ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ________________________
.
3.24 [ 9, .62 ]
. , , , .
, :
) ,
) ,
) ,
)
-
6 (x )
4.1 [ ]
, / , ( ) -
( ) .
( ) / .
, / .
1: , / , .
() , / .
, () , ,
/ .
/ " ", /
.
2: , , ,
/ .
, () , , ,
/ .
/ " ", /
.
, ,
" ", () (m2)
.
4.2 [ ]
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _________________________________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ________________________
.
p , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
________________________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ ______________________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
________________________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ ________________________ .
, = _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ _ , , p = _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_______________________ _ .
S.I. _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ _ , _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
________________________ .
4.3 [ 2, . 82 ]
.
, . :
) , .
) , .
) , .
) , .
) .
- .
4.4 [ 2, . 85 ]
, , 10 .
0,08 mm2.
( , Pa) .
4.5 [ ]
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, , ,
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, p,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ h _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ g . _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_______________________ : p = _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
.
[ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
.
, 9,8 m/s 1 s.
g =
m9,8
s1 s
= _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ . ]
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
-
7 (x )
4.6 [ ]
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ _ :
, , , ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
.
, ( ) p, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ px
( ).
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ _ .
, ( ) _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________
. _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
4.7 [ ]
) ( ) _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____ _____________
_______________________ , ,
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ . _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
.
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
) , (Torricelli).
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
.
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ 76 cm
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ .
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , pA = p.
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ , p = _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
______________________ _ .
A S.I.:
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ h ( ) = 0,76 m
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ = 13.6003
kg
m
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ g ( ) = 9,82
m
s
p = p = ( 0,76 m ) ( 13.600 3kg
m) ( 9,8
2
m
s) = 101.293 _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _______________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _______________________
(1 atm).
4.8 H 101.293 Pa.
) 1 m2.
) 10 cm2.
, .
4.9 A) , .
B) .
4.10 , :
, ,
. ( , .)
) .
) [ ] .
, , ( ).
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ , 1 < 2.
2 :
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ F _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________________ F
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________
( 1 . ).
h
p
px
hx
F
F
2
1
2
-
8 (x )
2 , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
, F1 1.
, , , P = _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ ______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ ( ), 2.
, 2 , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________________ .
"" 2, :
F2 = P 2 F2 = _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ ______________________ 2 F2
=_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ F1
, 2 1 ,
______________________ ________________ _____________
______________________ _____________ _____________ _______ ________
_____________ ______________________ _____________
_______________________ _____________ ______________________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ . , _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
______________________ .
4.11 [ 15, .61 ]
300 cm2 1.500 cm2 . , 800 ,
. , .
4.12 [ ]
, ( .. ),
_____________ _____________ _____________ ___________
_____________ ______________________ , _____________ _____________
_____________ ___________ _____________ ______________________
.
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________________
.
, = _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ , : _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
______________________ g : _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________________ h
: _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________
( .. ),
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
4.13 [ 3, .85 ]
, , 100 cm2, 3 m .
, .
, .
= 1.020 kg/m3, g = 10 m/s2, p = 101.293 Pa.
4.14
[ ]
) , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ , _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________________
.
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ ______________________
.
) :
, _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
, , _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________
( ) : .. = ..
, ,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ : .. = ..
: .. = ..,
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ ______________________ .
: =
: = .
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ _____________ = m g : = m.. g
_____________ _____________________________ _____________
__________________ _____________ ___________ _____________
_________ _______ _________ _____________ m = V : = . V.. g
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
___________ : = . V.. g
:
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
___________ (V)
() _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
___________
(g) _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
___________
4.15 [ 5, .83 ]
) , .
) .
) .
) , .
- .
4.16 [ 7, .83 ]
, .
i. . ii. . iii. .
A) , : ) , ) , )
B) , : ) , ) , )
1
F1 2
F2
-
9 (x )
5.1 [ ] , , ________ ,
, ________ .
, , ________ .
________ ________ . :
, , ________ .
________ .
, , ________ .
________ .
________ , ,
. ________ .
, ,
________ . ________ .
, .
________ .
5.2 [ ] , _______ .
_______ , ( W) i) F _______ ii) x _______ .
, W = _______ .
, W = _______ .
_________ ,
( ) . ,
, (S.I.), ________ .
5.3 = 50 N. ,
) x = 10 m ) x = 10 m ) x = 10 m )
.
5.4 , .
: F = 50 , = 30 N, = 100 , F = 100 .
) , x = 5 m.
) .
5.5 .
5.6 [ 5, .112 ]
1.000 kg. , : ) 72 km/h ) 144 km/h
5.7 = 500 J m = 10 kg, .
5.8 [ ] , ________ ,
________ . , , ________ ________ .
h,
________ , = ___ ___ .
________ , .
, F _______ , h,
, WF = F h = h, _______ _______ .
5.9 1,60 m , 20 , , 2 m .
) ) .
5.10 [ ] ________ , ( ).
________ , , ________ .
, ________ . ________ .
, ________ . , ,
. ________ .
5.11 m = 0,1 kg , , = 1 N. , h = 3 m,
v = 10 m/s. N .
5.12 , 1 kg , , 10 . , ,
3,2 m.
5.13 .
5.14 [ 12, .113 ]
, 900 kg, 20 m/s. , .
, 9.000 .
) .
) , ,
.
) , .
