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Gerard PayenAquaFed PresidentChair of UNSGAB monitoring group
Viña del Mar, Chile, 19 March 2013
Towards an ambitious global Goal on Water
Un Secretary General’s Advisory Board
on Water & Sanitation “UNSGAB”
High-level independent boardcreated by Kofi Annan on 22 March 2004
To stimulate action by political decision-makers, with a focus on access to drinking water and sanitation
23 members from all continents
www.unsgab.org
AquaFedTHE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF
PRIVATE WATER OPERATORS
www.aquafed.org
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
Current global goals end in 2015
Water Target:
Halving the proportion of population
without safe drinking water
Indicator: improved water sources
Sanitation Target:
Halving the proportion of population
without basic sanitation
Indicator: private sanitary toilets
2015
MDGs Post-MDGs ???
Aquafed
Development
Agenda
Sustainable Development Goals
Aquafed
SDGs
All 3 dimensions of Sustainable Development:
social, economical, environment
( Green Growth & Poverty Alleviation)
Jobs
Food
EnergyHealth Poverty
Water
Slums
Urbanisation
Global goals targeting results
7
Measurable time-bound
Targets
Operational
Indicators
Global Aspirational
Goals
Content?
Ambition?
< 2015
Access to improved water sources
Access to toilets
1 Target on drinking water and sanitation
Environment
Goal
> 2015
Goal on watersecurity ?
3 Targets on most-critical
water challenges?
????????????
HIGH LEVEL PANEL ON POST-2015
It will submit a report by 31 May 2013
Composed of 27 eminent persons,
to advise the UN Secretary-General on
a development agenda post-2015
Source: UNDP, N.Igloi, Dec 2012
OPEN WORKING GROUP ON SDGs
composed of 30 representatives
nominated by 70 Member States
It will submit a report, to the 68th session
of the General Assembly
Source: UNDP, N.Igloi, Dec 2012
(Status: 30 Nov. 2012)
NATIONAL CONSULTATIONS(Sept. 2012 – March 2013)
Source: UNDP, N.Igloi, Dec 2012
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Peru
Santa Lucia
Latin America & Caribbean
THEMATIC CONSULTATIONS:
www.worldwewant2015.org
Youth
Health
Governance
LGBTI
rights
Economic
Inequalities
Indigenous
Peoples
Food Security
& Nutrition
Environment
Water
Population
Dynamics
Growth &
Employment
Conflict &
Fragility
Violence against
Women
Source: UNDP, N.Igloi, Dec 2012
The Water
stream
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
14
4 (+1) main challenges
PoorAccessGrowing
scarcityPollution Disasters
Climate
mitigate remove anticipate
Access
improve
MDGs
What challenges and results should
be targeted at the global level?
Jan 2013 - UNSGAB Call for
a post-2015 Goal on Water
The Board recommends that the emerging post-2015 agenda
includes a dedicated and comprehensive Global Goal on
Water that reflects water’s comprehensive contribution to
development needs.
Such a post-2015 global goal on water should encompass
quantified, qualified and time-bound targets that respond to the
three following objectives:
1) Achieve universal access to sustainable sanitation and to
drinking water that is really safe,
2) Increase wastewater management and pollution prevention;
3) Improve integrated water resources management and water-
use efficiency.
UN online consultation on Water
The thematic consultation on Water was structured in 3 sub-
streams:
Access to safe drinking water, sustainable sanitation
and hygiene (WASH)
Wastewater management and water quality
Water resources management
Water was by far the theme that attracted the most people
with balanced interest between the 3 streams.
> Conclusions in The Hague on World Water Day (22 March)
6 dedicated paragraphs on Water(Same importance as Energy)
Water is recognised as necessary to all
3 dimensions of sustainable development
Commitment to implementing the Human Right
to Water and Sanitation
Inclusion of wastewater
Efficiency is also mentioned
Rio+20 > Satisfactory outcome for Water
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
19
The truth
800 million people lack access to “improved” water sources
Access to water: the great hypocrisy
800 million people lack access to safe drinking water …
UN General Assembly, 26 July 2010
UNICEF-WHO , 16 March 2012
The common wording is untrue:
Billions of people lack satisfactory access to “safe” drinking water
Global needs for drinking water
Population 20086.75 billion
* UN Statistics (WHO-UNICEF)
** Estimate by G.Payen in Worldwide needs for safe drinking water are
underestimated: billions of people are impacted, Editions Johanet, 2012
« unimproved » sources*(shared with animals)
0.8 billion Probably unsafe
water**
Water of doubtful quality**
Right to safe drinking
water not satisfied**
1.9 billion
3.4 billion> 3.5 billion
Governments
to provide progressively
to all water
that is:
Implementing the Human Right
to Drinking Water and Sanitation
21
without discrimination
acceptable
affordable
accessible
safe (drinkable)
in sufficient quantity
A multi-dimensional right
to be ensured progressively
Sufficientquantity
AvailabilityAccessibility
EquityNon-discrimination
Affordability
Safety
Acceptability
AquaFed3
Obligations of public authorities
International law:
respect the human right,
protect the human right
progressively ensure its satisfaction for the whole population
In practice:
Adopt appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks
Organise missions and means of the different institutions
Adopt inclusive policies with timeframes
Mandate operators (public, private, NGOs)
Operators are tools
to implement policies
Examples of progress on
each of the dimensions of
the human right to safe
drinking water achieved
through partnerships
between public
authorities and
private operators
www.aquafed.org
Right
How to incorporate the dimensions of the Right
to safe drinking water into post-2015 targets?
25
Operational
safe Compliance to standards
acceptable Colour, odour
accessible, available 24/7, distance of source
affordable Tariffs, subsidies
in sufficient quantity Minimum pressure, etc
without discrimination Equitable access
AquaFed
Drinking water: what level of service
should be targeted?
GPayen estimates (to be further validated)G.Payen
Population
in 2015
0.6 bnMDG indicator
Human Right compliance 3.5 bn ?
UNAVAILABILITY <2 days in 2 weeks
SAFETY: E. coli < 10 CFU/100 mlIntermediate threshold 2 bn ?
ACCESSIBILITY:
Collection time < 30mnBasic threshold 0.9 bn?
2
7
10%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
20001990 2015 2030 2040 2050
Drinking water use – JMP draft
at home 22 Nov 2012
% of population
2
8
10%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
20001990 2015 2030 2040 2050
Sanitation at home – JMP draft22 Nov 2012
% of population
29
Access to Water is deteriorating in the urban
half of the world1
The race between development of urban infrastructure and urban growth
1 See AquaFed press release on 7 September 2010and Ban Ki-Moon declaration on 22 March 2011
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
31
> 80% of used water is discharged
without any pollution removal
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
Increase efficiency of water uses,
specially in irrigation
Water: “By 2050, without new policies…
33
Source: OECD Environmental Outlook 2050, Key facts and Figures, March 2012
• Freshwater availability will be further strained, with 2.3
billion more people than today (in total over 40% of the
global population) projected to be living in river basins
under severe water stress
• Global water demand is projected to increase by some
55%, due to growing demand from manufacturing
(+400%), thermal electricity generation (+140%) and
domestic use (+130%). In the face of these competing
demands, there will be little scope for expanding
irrigation water use under this scenario.”
Outline
• Current and future global goals
• Most critical water-related challenges
• Access and Human Right
• Wastewater management
• Efficiency of water uses
• Competition for global priority list
Existing goals + new needs
36
Towards an ambitious post-2015 goal on water security
www.aquafed.org