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1. He likes staying out late to play football.
2. He has a lot of homework to do every day.
3. He doesn’t have enough time to practise
playing football.
‘To’ -infinitives 动词不定式
动词不定式的构成：
1. to+ 动词原形 ( 肯定形式 )
to+ 动词原形 + 其他部分
= 动词不定式短语
not to+ 动词原形 ( 否定形式 )
Subject 主语Predicative 表语Object 宾语Object complement 宾补Attributive 定语Adverbial 状语
用法 / 功能
To hand in homework on time is good.
(1). Subject 主语
不定式作主语时 , 能换成用 it 作形式主语的句型。原主语不定式放于句末。
(= It is good to hand in homework on time.)
Eg. 1 、对于学生们来说，努力学习是很重要的。 It’s important for students to work hard.
2 、吃的太多对于你来说是不健康的。
It’s unhealthy for you to eat too much.
用法 / 功能
My dream is to be a great football player.
(2). Predicative 表语
不定式作表语时，跟在系动词后面。
My purpose is to help you solve your problem.
2. 擦黑板是她的责任（ duty ） 。
Our job is to teach students.
1. 我们的工作是教学生。
Her duty is to clean the blackboard.
I hope to hear from you soon.
(3) Object 宾语
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, prepare, decide, choose, hope 等
The boy promises not to be late for school again.
2)He chose ____________________ first .( 完成家庭作业 )
Eg:1)He wants ________________ .
( 踢足球 )
to finish the homework
to play football
My parents do not allow me to go out after 6 p.m.
(4). Object complement 宾补
Mr Wu tells the students not to shout in class.
宾语补足语：句子已有了一个宾语，但是意思还不完整，需补充的部分。
宾语
宾语
Mr Wu is always the last to leave.
(5). Attributive 定语
不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。
There is no need to trouble him.Have you got anything important to tell me?
I have a lot of homework to do .
would you like something to eat ?
Eg: 1) 我有许多作业要做。
2) 你想要吃些什么吗？
可交谈的密友close friends to talk to
不及物动词的不定式需加上恰当的介词 , ( 与被修饰词构成动宾关系 )
给我一支笔写give me a pen to write with
write with a pen 动宾关系
给我一个住的房间give me a room to live in
给他一张纸写
give him a piece of paper to write on
To express purpose 目的状语
(6)Adverbial 状语
He stayed there to see what would happen.
1. ( learn, to learn, learning) dancing well, I need more practice.
To learn
To express result 结果状语
Linda came back home to find her house on fire.
2. Write a note (tell) your parents that you need them.
to tell
The little baby has grown up to be a beautiful girl.
动词不定式的构成：
2. to+ 动词原形 ( 肯定形式 )
省 to 的动词不定式
not to + 动词原形 ( 否定形式 )
1. Jim Carrey’s films always make me laugh.
2. Someone saw him walk into that building at about three this afternoon.
3.This can help us (to )relax and make our lives more interesting.
let三使 make
have
help sb （ to ） do
see感官动词
hear
watchnotice
必须接省 to 的动词不定式的动词
因为既可以说 help sb do sth 亦可以说 help sb to do sth
一感 : 指的是 feel
二听 : 指的是 listen to , hear
三让 :
四看 :
半帮助 :
指的是 let, make, have
是指 watch, see, look, notice
是指 help 。
1.Let’s _______(put) on our sports shoes first.2.She thinks it makes her________ (look) fat.3.My father often watches the fish _______(swim) around in the tank.4.Can you hear him ________(read) English every night?
put
look
swimread
The teacher made us_____________ ( 做许多工作 )
在主动语态省 : “to” 的 ，在被动语态中要加‘ to’.
do a lot of work
=we were made________________ by the teacher .
to do a lot of work
I saw her_____ (do) the housework every day.
=She was seen _______(do) the housework by me every day.
do
to do
Simon likes staying out late to play football and chat with his friends .
and 连接的两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式“ to” 一般省略。
当 2 个不定式由 and 连接 , 第二个 to省略
1. To tell lies is bad.
(subject/ object)
2. I want to buy some books.
(subject/ object)
Have a try
subject
object
1. His dream is to be a football player.
(predicative/ object complement)
2. His mother asks him to go out at once.
(predicative/ object complement)
predicative
object complement
Have a try
1. Tom works hard to make a lot of money. (adverbial to express purpose/ adverbial to express result )2. He opened the door only to find no one was at home. (adverbial to express purpose/ adverbial to express result )
Have a try
adverbial to express purpose
adverbial to express result
1. Write a letter to tell your father that you need his help. (attributive/ adverbial to express purpose)2. Have you got anything important to tell me? (attributive/ adverbial to express purpose)
attributive
adverbial to express purpose
Have a try
1. It is necessary to plant trees every year.
判断句子成分
S 主2.Mr Wu tells the students not to shout in class . OC 宾补3.She ran fast to catch the first bus .
adv 目的状语
4.My purpose is to help you solve your problem.
5.There is no need to trouble him .
6.Have you got anything important to tell me ?
Att 定语
P 表
Att 定语
7.The little baby has grown up to be a beautiful girl .
8.The boy promise not to be late for school again.
Adv 结果状语
O 宾语
9.I have a lot of homework to do every day .
10.I want to refuse to do so much work .
11. I hope to hear from you soon .
12.My dream is to be a football player .
Att 定语
O 宾语
O 宾语
P 表
13. I believe it is important for us to spend some time on our hobbies .
14.Sigmund Friend advised him not to spend too much time on football.
S 主
Oc 宾补
More problems
My home is always noisy. I cannot find a quiet place ________ (to study, studying).
More problems
to study
Ask your family _______ (turn) down the TV or turn it off while you are studying.
to turn
Suggestions
I have no courage _________ (to share, for sharing) with my friends my worries.
More problems
to share
Try _______ (talk) to your friends and share your worries with them.
to talk
Suggestions
To tell you the truth, sometimes I quarrel with my cousin Shirley. I hope she will not come __________ (to disturb, disturbing) me any more.
More problems
to disturb
Be patient. Tell your cousin that it is important _________ (leave) you alone so you can study.
to leave
Suggestions
More problems
I hope my parents can spare some time for me every day. I need someone _______ (talking, to talk) to at home.to talk
Write a note _______ (tell) your parents that you need them.
to tell
Suggestions
More problems
_________ (Learning, To learn) dancing well, I need much more practice.
To learn
Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _________ (dance) every day.
to dance
Suggestions
More problems
My parents care only about marks after exams. They do not seem _________ (to notice, noticed) that I have tried my best.
to notice
The best way is _______ (let) your parents see your progress after each exam.
to let
Suggestions
More problems
1. She doesn’t know how to communicate with her parents. 2. She doesn’t know how to solve her problem.3. She wants to know where to ask for advice.
‘Wh-’ words + ‘to’ -infinitives
动词不定式的构成：
3. 特殊疑问词 + to+ 动词原形
Paul knows who to talk to for help.
Simon does not know what to do.
You should decide which to do first.
Simon just forgot when to meet his friends.
Sandy wants to know where to ask for advice.
Millie does not know how to solve her problem.
why to do 不能用
More problems
Tip decide, explain, hear, learn, remember, see, tell, understand, find out
1. Paul doesn’t know who he can talk to for help.
2. Simon just forgot when he could meet his friends.
3. David asks where he can ask for help.
1. Paul doesn’t know who to talk to for help.
2. Simon just forgot when to meet his friends.
3. David asks where to ask for help.
how which what when where whose1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always can’t
decide which one to buy.
2. My grandfather doesn’t know how to use a computer.
3. Kitty doesn’t know whose bike to borrow?
Have a try
4. —Will you please show me how to drive a
car?
—Yes, of course. Now let me tell you what
to do first.
5. I will tell Lucy when and where to meet.
Have a try
how which what when where whose
except ‘why’
M: Millie F: Mr. Friend
M: Can you tell me about your job, Mr. Friend?
F: Yes, of course. Many students write to me and ask me how to solve their problems. I always give them my advice and tell them what to do.
M: What problems do most students have?
F: Many can’t decide when to work and when to play. They just need to learn how to achieve a balance between study and play.
An interview
M: Millie F: Mr. FriendM: I agree. Sometimes, I just get too much homework and I really don’t know which to do first. I feel stressed from time to time. Can you tell us who to talk to and where to get help when we have problems?F: Yes. First, you can talk to your parents, teachers or friends. Second, you can also get help from youth workers at your own school.
M: Thanks for your valuable suggestions.
F: You’re welcome.
An interview
•1. how to solve
•2. what to do
•3. when to work
•4. when to play
Finish the exercise on P51!
•5. how to achieve
•6. which to do
•7. who to talk
•8. where to get
Have you decided how you will celebrate it?
Have you decided how to celebrate it?
They haven’t decided when they will play football.
They haven’t decided when to play football.
They don’t know which one they should buy.
They don’t know which one to buy.
They don’t know who they should talk to for help.
They don’t know who to talk to for help.
• what
• when
• why
• where
• who
• how
• whose
• whom
-- content
-- time
-- reason
--place
-- people
-- ways
-- belong to
-- people (object)
‘wh-’ word
用 Wh-word 填空：• They knows ___________ to meet at 8:00
tomorrow. ( where, when)
• Can you tell us _________ to talk to? (who, where)
• Do you know _________to get help? (who, where)
• He explained ________ to do first to us. (where, which)
where
who
where
which
Andy doesn't know what to wear.
Millie can’t decide_________________.which book to buy
They don’t know ____________ to the station.how to go
He wants to know _____________ on Sundays.
when to get up
Millie’s diary
Mr. Friend is really kind and helpful.
Many students ask him _________ t
o solve their problems. He always t
ells them __________to do.
He offered me some advice. They ar
e really___________( 有价值的 ).
how
what
valuable
Most students can’t decide when__________(work) and when __________(play). I also do not know how__________ (achieve) a balance. I don’t know which_______ (do) first. I want to know _____________ ( 和谁谈 ) and _______________( 怎样获得帮助 ).
to work
to play
to achieveto do
who to talk tohow to get help
1. I want to know how I can solve the problem.
I want to know how____________________
2. I can’t decide when I should do homework
and when I can spend time on hobbies.
I can’t decide _____________________and
___________________________
3. Please tell me where we will meet.
Please tell me _________________.
将下列句子变为同义句：
to solve the problem.
when to do homework
when to spend time on hobbies.
where to meet.
5. She hasn’t told me what I should do and
what I should not do.
She hasn’t told me ___________ and
what __________.
6. Have you decided which dress you will take? Have you decided ______ dress ________?
将下列句子变为同义句：
what to do
not to do
which to take
1. I remember what to do next. I remember_____________________.
2. I asked him who to ask for help. I asked him_____________________. 3. They haven’t decided who to write
to. They haven’t decided______________ __________.
将下列句子变为同义句：
what I should do next
who I could ask for help
who they will
write to
汉译英
1. 我不知道下一步该做什么。
2. Simon 问我们怎样得高分。
3. Jim 还没有决定向谁请求建议。
4. 他们忘了应当什么时间交作业。
I don’t know what to do next.
Simon asked us how to get high marks.
Jim hasn’t decided who to ask for advice.
They forgot when to hand in the homework.
Write down a dialogue between a youth worker and a teenager. Try to use as many infinitives as you can.
