1 Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2016/teachertext-10/std___x_mal.pdf · So®¿So®¿So®¿sSIvÃv Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw 59 Zn°p∂tXmsSm∏w Imhy`mjbpsS

ebmfw]Øv

58 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Imhyw Ime-tZ-i-ßƒ°-Xo-X-am-Wv. XnI®pw mc-Xob]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ cNn® imIp-¥fw bqtdm-]y≥ Ihn-I-fpsS a\-n¬ AÀmZw \nd-bv°p-∂Xpw tjIvkv]n-b-dpsSbpwJeo¬Pn-_m-s‚bpw cN-\-Iƒ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-tem-IØp N¿®-bm-hp-∂XpwkmlnXyw ImetZim-XoX-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. hymk-s‚bpw hmevao-In-bp-sSbpw IYm-]m-X-ßƒ \qdp-I-W-°n\p kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn-eqsS C∂pw ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.Ime-tZ-imZn ]cn-an-Xn-Isf adn-I-S∂v kmlnXyw am\-h-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ GI-kz-c-ambn amdp∂p F∂ \nco-£-W-Øn-te°v Cu bqWn‰v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂p.

aq∂p ]mT-ß-fmWv bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv. Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ A≤ymflcmam-bWw Infn-∏m´v Atbm-[ym-Im-fi-Øn¬ \ns∂-SpØ "e£vaWkm¥z-\w'BWv BZy-tØ-Xv. Pohn-X-Ønse ]Xn-k-‘nsb hnth-I-]q¿W-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ sIm≠p adn-I-S-°p∂ Cu kµ¿`w Fgp-Ø-—s‚ ]mtbm-KnI XØz-Nn-¥bv°p\nZ¿i-\-am-Wv. tIm[w F∂ Ccp-ńs\ XØz-hn-Nm-c-Øns‚ hnf-°p-Iƒ sIm≠pC√m-Xm-°p∂ hnIm-c-hn-£p-_v[-\mb Hcmsf km¥z-\n-∏n-°p-∂-sXß-s\-sb∂pwt_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hniz-a-lm-Ihn Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imhy-temIw kap-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ teJ-\-amWv c≠masØ ]mT-ambn tN¿Øn-´p≈ "Imfn-Zm-k≥'. F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy-cpsS "Imfn-Zmk ]T-\-ßƒ' F∂ IrXn-bnse Hc-[ym-b-am-Wn-Xv. Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imhy-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ka-K- m-h-Øn¬ ]I¿∂p \¬Ip∂ cN-\-.

C¥y≥ kzmX-¥y-k-a-chpambn _‘-s∏´ AXp-ey-amb A\p- hIYbmWv ssh°wapl-ΩZv _jo-dns‚ "Hm¿a-°p-dn∏n'¬ \ns∂-Sp-Øn-´p≈ "AΩ' F∂ cN-\. amXr-Xzw, hni-∏v, A[n-Imcw apX-emb ]ta-b-ßsf km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ bp‡n-bn-eqsS\nco-£n-°p∂ _jo¿ am¥nI`mj-sIm≠v Xs‚ cN\sb hnIm-c-km-µ-am-°p-∂p.

k®n-Zm-\-µs‚ c≠p hcn-I-fmWv ]th-i-I-ambn tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚djy≥ bmXm-\p-`-h-Ko-X-amb "a™n¬' \n∂p-≈-XmWv Cu hcn-Iƒ. Fgp-Xm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ mj hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¶nepw IhnX bpsS B¥-cnI`mj F√m-bn-SØpwH∂m-sW∂ Is≠-Ø-emWv CXns‚ D≈-S-°w. Imfn-Zm-k\pw Fgp-Ø-—\pw _jodpwF√mw Htc Pohn-X-]m-\-]m-X-Øn¬\n∂v Ibv]pw a[p-chpw cpNn®v Fgp-Xp-∂-h-cm-sW∂ shfn-®-Øn-te°v Cu Bi-bsØ _‘n-∏n-°mw.

Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmb Imhy- m-h-\-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw Ah Bkz-Zn-°m\pw Cu ]mT-ß-fpsS hn\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS Ign-b-Ww. ChnsS hnh-cn-°p∂ PohnXaplq¿Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂v aqey-t_m[w Dƒs°m≠v sshIm-cn-I -k-¥p-e ssIh-cn®v

hnth-I-im-en-I-fmbn Ipń-Iƒ hf¿∂p hc-Ww. ]tbm-K- w-Kn-Iƒ Is≠Øn Bkz-

Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw

1

B ap Jw

So®¿So®¿So®¿So®¿So®¿ sSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃvsSIvÃv

59Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw

Zn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Imhy- m-j-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™p ]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈tijnbpw hf-c-Ww. hnim-e--amb kmln-Xy-tem-I-tØ-°p≈ PmeIw Xpd-°-embnCu bqWn‰v ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A[ym-]n-Ibv°p km[n-°-Ww.

]th-iI ]h¿Ø\w

IhnX ¢mkn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

XpS¿∂p IhnX \¬Ip∂ Bi-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v N¿®-bm-hmw.

kqN-\Iƒ

$ Ce-I-fpsS a¿Ω-cw, XØ-I-fpsS sIm©¬, F∂n-hbv°v temI-sØ-√m-bn-SØpw kam-\-X-bp-≠v. CXp-t]mse temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ Ihn-Iƒ hnIm-cm-hn-jvI-c-W-Øn\v kam-\-amb mj-bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ihn-Iƒ°v temI-sa-ºmSpw Htc mj-tb-bp≈p F∂p ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥p-

sIm-≠mhmw?

$ `mj-bn-eqsS hn\n-abw sNøp-∂Xv hnIm-cw, mhw, Bibw F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS hnImcm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v km¿heuInI kz`m-h-ap-≠v.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS mh-Xew km¿h-eu-In-I-am-Wv.

$ al-Ømb Ihn-X-Iƒ temI\∑ e£yw hbv°p-∂p. (tlma¿, hymk≥,Zms¥, Imfn-Zm-k≥, Xncp-h-≈ph¿, Fgp-Ø-—≥........)

]mTm-h-X-cWw

temI-\-∑ e£yw h® IhnbmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ F∂ Bi-b-Øn-te°v FØn-t®¿∂Ipń-Iƒ°v ap∂n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Imhy- mKw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

XpS¿∂v IhnX CuW-Øn¬ Ah-Xcn∏n°m≥ Ipń-Iƒ°v \¬Imw (Kq∏v ]h¿Ø-\hpw BImw). Bh¿Øn-®p≈ sNm√en-eqsS IhnX Ipń-I-fpsS a\-n¬ Dd-∏n-°p∂ Imcyw i≤n-°p-a-t√m.

e£va-W-km-¥z\w (Fgp-Ø-—≥)

BZn-Im-hy-amb cmam-b-W-Øn\v mc-Xob`mj-I-fn¬ At\Iw ]p\-cm-hn-jvIm-c-ßfp≠m-bn. ae-bmf`mj-bn¬ cma-N-cn-Xw, cma-I-Y-∏m- v, IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Ww, mjm-cm-am-bWw Nºp apX-emb Imhy-ßƒ hyXykvX ]ÿm-\-ß-fnembn cq]w-sIm-≠p.kwkvIr-X-Ønse A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw F∂ ImhysØ Ah-ew-_n®p alm-IhnFgp-Ø-—≥ Infn-∏m-´p-co-Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb IrXn-bmWv A[ym-fl-cm-am-b-Ww Infn-∏m- v. A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw mjm-]-c-hpamb\thm-∞m-\-Øn\p If-sam-cp-°n.

ebmfw]Øv

60 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb A]-N-b-Øn¬ \n∂v P\-Xsb tamNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ ‡n-Im-hy-ß-fpsS cN\ \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. ]m v, aWn-]-hmfw F∂n-ßs\ c≠p-Xcw Imhy-kc-W-bn¬ Hgp-In-bn-cp∂ ae-bmf Ihn-Xbv°vamXr-Im-]-c-amb kØbpw ssienbpw Hcp-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ At±-l-Øns‚ Imhy-ßƒklm-bn-®p. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS ]nXmhv F∂v BZ-c-]q¿hw \mw At±-lsØ hnfn-°p-∂Xpw C°m-cWw sIm≠m-Wv. Infn-∏m´v F∂ ]pXnb Imhy-coXnbn-eqsS]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-I-Y-Iƒ At±lw ]I¿∂p X∂p.

IhnXbpw XØz-Nn-¥-bpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhyssi-enbpw DZmØe£y-ßfpw"e£vaW-km-¥z\w' F∂ ]mT- m-K-Øn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw.

Fgp-Ø-—-s\-°p-dn®v h≈-tØmƒ

"".....X≥In-Sm-hn-t\m-sSm-∏-a-ßp∂p Xmtem-en®ss]¶n-fn-∏n-S-bpsS ]©-a-kz-cm-em]wCcp-fn¬ ab-ßnb temI-sØ-bp-W¿Øn-bn˛ćp-W-]`hoipw kp]- m-X-sØ-°mńA∏-©-h¿W-ØØX≥ Nnd-I-Sn-\t√m˛cZv pXhni-dn-bmbv ssIc-fo-tZ-hn-°-∂mƒk©n-X-a-[p-cn-am-km-c-am-a-Xn≥ Infn˛s°m©-tem, ap≥ tIƒ°m-Ø-ho-W-hm-b-\-bm-bn....''

(Xp©sØ-gp-Ø-—≥)

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

A≤ymfl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m v Atbm-≤ym-Im-fi-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂ cmam- n-tj-I-hn-Lv\-amWv kµ¿`w. ssItI-bnbpsS \n¿_-‘Øn\ph-gßn Zi-c-Y-a-lm-cm-Pm-hn\vXs‚ Xocp-am\w amt‰-≠n-h-∂p. cma≥ bph-cm-Pm-hm-Ip-∂n√ F∂p-am-X-a-√, ]Xn-∂m-ep-h¿jw h\-hmkw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. A—s‚ hm°p-am-\n®v Imń-te°p]pd-s∏-Sm-s\m-cp-ßp∂ cma-Ip-am-c≥ AΩ Iuk-ey-tbmSp bmX-tNm-Zn-°m≥ A¥∏-]p-c-Øn-se-Øp-tºm-gmWv e£va-Ws\ I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xv. A`n-tj-I-hnLv\w e£va-Ws\ Ip]n-X-\m-°n. tPyjvT-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lm-[nIyw sIm≠v F¥p -hn-e-sIm-SpØpwA`n-tjIw \S-Øp-sa∂ ISpØ Xocp-am-\-hp-ambn tIm]-Xm] -[o-\-\mbn \n¬°p∂e£va-Ws\ iocm-a≥ km¥z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. h¬km, kuantX Ipamcm \o a¬kc`mh-an -√msX Fs‚ hm°p-Iƒ tIƒ°pI F∂ iocm-a -hmIyw Xs∂e£vaWkm¥z-\-am-Wv. h¬km F∂ hm’eyw Xpfp-ºp∂ hnfn kpan-X-sb-t∏mse_lp-am-\y-bmb Hc-Ω-bpsS ]pX-\m-sW∂ [z\n, \o Ipam-c-\m-I-bm¬ CØncnFSpØpNm´-ap-s≠∂ tPyjvT-hm¬keyw F√mw Cu kwt_m-[-\-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—≥ [z\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

XpS¿∂v e£va-W-s\-°p-dn®v aXn-t∏msS iocm-a≥ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. Xt∂m-Sp≈kvt\lhpw BZ-c-hp-amWv e£va-Ws\ Ip]n-X-\m-°p-∂-sX-∂-dn-bp∂ iocm-a≥cmPyw, tZlw, temIw, [\-[m-\y-ßƒ F∂n-h- A\n-Xy-am-sW∂v ka¿Yn-°p∂p.AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ \iz-c-amb AXns‚ t\´-Øn¬ B\-µn-°m-s\m-∂p-an-s√∂pwA\p-P-t\mSv ]d-bp-∂p.



t`mK-ßƒ £WnIß-fmWv; Bbppw. Np´p-]-gpØ teml-Øn¬ Hcp Xp≈n Pewhogp-tºmƒ F¥p-kw-`-hn-°ptam AXp-t]mse £W-`w-Kp-c-amWv a¿Xy-P-∑-hpw.]mºns‚ hmbn-en-c-bmbn hoW Xhf Blm-c-Øn\v ian-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ime-am-Ip∂ k¿∏-Øm¬ hngp-ß-s∏´ a\p-jy¿ N©-e-a\-kvI-cmbn euIn-I-kp-J-ßƒtXSpI-bm-Wv. aI≥, Iq´p-Im-c≥, mcy XpS-ßnb ]nb-s∏- -h-tcm-sSm-∏-ap≈ IpSpw_PohnXw A¬∏-Im-e-tØ°v amXta D≈q. kX-Øn¬ Hcp cmXn HØp-Iq-Sp∂ hgn-bm-X-°m¿ ]ncn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw ]pg-bn¬ Hgp-Ip∂ s]mßp-X-Sn-Iƒ t]m-sebpw XnI®pw Aÿn-c-amWv Pohn-Xw. (\mSpw hoSpw IpSpw-_hpw PohnXhpw A¬∏-Imew amXw F∂m-i-bw.) [\w, sFizcyw, buh\w Ch-sbm∂pw imiz-X-a-√.kz]v\w I≠p-Xo-cp∂ thK-Øn¬ A¬∏m-bp-mb IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. tZlw \nanØam-Wv Alw-`m-h-ap≠mIp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ _m“-W-\m-Wv, Rm≥cmPm-hm-Wv, Rm≥ tijvT-\mWv Fs∂ms° a\p-jy¿ Bh¿Øn®v ]d-™-l-¶-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ. P¥p-°ƒ Ahsc £n®v hnk¿÷n-t®°mw; Xobn¬ sh¥p-Nm-º-em-bn-Øo-cmw. aÆn-s‚-b-Sn-bn¬ No™v IoS-ß-fm-Imw. AXn-\m¬ tZlsØASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈ AXn-tamlw Hcn-°epw \√-X√.

XpS¿∂v ico-c-Øns‚ \nm-c-X-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-I-bmWv cma≥. Cu ico-csØshdpsX kvt\ln-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v? tXmev, N¿Ωw, c‡w, Aÿn, aqXw, ip¢w F∂nh-sb√mw ktΩ-fn-°p∂ HcnSw amX-amWv ico-cw. AXv \in-®p-t]m-hm-\p-≈-Xp-am-Wv.`qan, Pew, A·n, hmbp, BImiw F∂o ]©-`q-X-ß-fm¬ \n¿an® B icocwsIm≠v Bcpw H∂pw t\Sp-∂n-√. icocw ]cn-Wm-anbpw Aÿn-c-hp-am-Wv. tZlm-l-¶mcw sIm≠v temIw \in-∏n°mw F∂ hnNmcw Adn-hn-√m-bva-bm-Wv. tZl-amWvXm≥ F∂ Nn¥ tamlsØ P\n-∏n-°p∂ Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv. tamlsØ l\n-°p-∂XvhnZy-bpw. AXv Xncn-®-dn-b-emWv; a\-n-em-°-emWv hnZym-`ym-kw. AXn-\m¬tam£m¿Yn GIm-¥-am-\-k-\mbn hnZy A`y-kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AhnsS Ima-tIm-[-tem- -tam-lm-Zn-I-ƒ iXp-°-fm-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw tIm[-amWv [¿asØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. tIm[w sIm≠mWv A—≥, AΩ, ktlm-Z-c≥, Iq´p-Im-c≥, ]Xv\n F∂n-h-sc-sb√mw h[n-°m≥ Xp\n-bp-∂X.v tIm[w ZpxJ-ap-≠m-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v Adn-hp-≈-h¿ tIm[w Dt]-£n-°Ww.

$ iocm-a≥ e£va-Ws‚ ]cpj-amb hm°p-Iƒ i≤m-]q¿hwtIƒ°p-∂p.

$ e£va-Ws\ \nd™ hm’-ey-tØmsS Benw-K\w sNøp-∂p.

$ arZp-hmb mj-bn¬ kvt\l-]q¿hw kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂p.

$ e£va-Ws‚ Ign-hp-Isf A`n-\-µn-°p-∂p.

$ e£va-W≥ D∂-bn® hmZ-K-Xn-Iƒ s]mXpsh AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.F∂m¬ as‰mcp ho£-WØneqsS Ahsb hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

$ ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ Nq≠n-°mń KpW-tZm-j-hn-Nmcw \S-Øp-∂p.

$ bYm¿Y]iv\w Is≠-Øm≥ klm-b-I-amb kqN-\-Iƒ\¬Ip∂p.

$ ]iv\-]-cn-lmcw \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.

ebmfw]Øv

62 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Is≠-ØpI

$ Pohn-X-Øns‚ \iz-cX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ iocm-a≥ ]d-bp-∂-sX-s¥-√m-amWv?

hcn-I-fnse Bi-b-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°s´. Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ temIw hmkvX-h-a√.

$ IpSpw-_-Ønse IqSn-t®-c¬ A¬∏Im-e-tØ°p amX-am-Wv.

$ sFiz-cyhpw buh-\hpw ÿnc-a-√.

$ temI-Po-hnXw kz]v\Xpey-am-Wv.

XpS-ßnb Bi-b-ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Im≥ ian-°-Ww.

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

""N£p -i-h-W-K-f-ÿamw Z¿Zpcw''""Btem-e-tN-X-km-t`m-K-ßƒ tXSp∂p''.

A[ym-]nI hcn-Iƒ Nm¿ń¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ A¿Yw Is≠-Ø¬ N£px-i-h-W≥, Kf-ÿw, Z¿Zp-cw, Aln, ]cn-KkvXwapX-emb ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Yw Is≠-Øp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v hcn-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ euInI-kp-J-ßƒ tXSp-∂-hsc ChnsS F¥n-t\mSp kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p?

$ A]-I-S-Øn¬ s]ń´pw Xhf Blmcw tXSm≥ ian-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw?

$ ImesØ ]mºmbn IW-°m-°nb-Xns‚ bp‡n F¥mWv?

Ipń-I-fpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-ßƒ A[ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ]mºns‚ hmbn-e-I-s∏- n´pw £Ww Imw£n-°p∂ Xhf.

$ acWw ap∂n-ep-≈-t∏m-gpw Pohn-X-tØm-Sp≈ Bk‡n Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√.

$ ]mºv hf-sc-∏-Xps° hngp-ßp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xhf AXv Adn-bp-∂n-√.

$ Ime-am-Ip∂ ]mºv a\p-jysc hngp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

$ -I¬∏\bnse kam-\X t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂p.



$ Imew F√m-h-tcbpw ]Xp-s°-∏-Xps° hngp-ßn-Øo¿°p-∂p. Imew bw P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ NSp-e-ambpw Nne-t∏mƒ aµ-ambpw Nen-°p-∂-Xmbn A\p--h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-sb∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ "lcn-\m-a-Io¿Ø-\'-Øn¬, CtX`mh\ Cßs\ ImWp-∂p:

`£n-∏-Xn-∂p-Kp-l-t]mte ]nf¿∂ apJ˛atøm IrXm-¥-\nl ]ntº \S∂p aaFØp-∂p, Z¿Zpc apc-tØmsS ]nsº-sbmcpk¿∏w IW-s°, lcn-\m-cm-b-Wmb \ax

(IrXm-¥≥ = Ime≥ Imew)

$ N¿®sNbvX Bi-b-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ "Imemln' F∂ ]tbm-K-Øns‚

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXp Ipdn-∏m°p-I.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm-hn-te°v.

Imew Ihn- m-h-\-I-fn¬

temIw \nXy-N-ew, hrYm-ar-Xn- bwtXm∂p∂p am‰-ß-fn¬]mI-Øn≥ s]mcp-sfm∂p Xs∂; ]e-Xm˛at±-i-Im-e-ß-fm¬;GI hymIpe hniz-N-I-]-Sew[¿Ωm-£-Z-fi-Øn¬ \n˛ IrXn-bpsS t]cv∂mIev]w Npg-ep-∂p, XZvK-Xn-X-Sp˛∏m\n√ ssIbm¿°pta. (Ipam-c-\m-im≥)

Ime-a-Xns‚ I\Ø Icw sIm≠peoe-bm-sem∂p ]nSn®pIpep-°n-bm¬ IrXn-bpsS t]cv]mtS ]X-dn-s°m-gn-™pt]mw _“mfi ]mZ]∏q°fmw Xmc-ßƒ IqSnbpw. (h≈-tØmƒ)

h’-c-ßfmw h≥ Xnc-am-e-Iƒa’-cn-®m¿Øp -ap-t∂m´p ]mbp∂k¶-S-P-e-k-ºq¿W-am-bp≈h≥I-S-emIpw Imew b-¶cw. (CS-∏-≈n)

(Imew)

Fs∂-∏n-Sn®p hen-°p∂p XmgvØp∂p

ebmfw]Øv

64 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

IÆo-cn¬ Pohn°pw \ocmfnGsd÷\sØ hngp-ßn-bn- pw, hni˛∏mdmØ Imeamw \ocm-fn... (A°n-Øw)

(Hc-t]-£ amXw)

Na¬°m-c-`wKn Is≠-ØpI

$ ]pX-an-Xm¿Y-I-f-XmZn kwK-a-sa-X-bp-a-ev]-Im-e-ÿn-X-tam¿° \o

$ FXbpw N©-e-amebkwKaw

Bibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥ kzoI-cn-°p∂ D]-a-I-fn-te°v Ipń-I-fpsSi≤ £Wn-°p-∂p.

$ s]cph-gn-b-º-e-Ønse Iq´m-bva-Iƒ F]-Im-c-am-Wv...? (hgn-bmX F∂ ]mTwF´mw-¢m-kn¬ ]Tn-®n- p-≈Xv Hm¿an-°mw).

$ \ZnbneqsS Hgp-Ip∂ ac-°-j-W-ßsf \nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv F¥m-Wv?

$ a\p-j-y-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn Ch-bv°p≈ _‘w Iev]n-°m-tam?

$ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ DNn-X-am-bn-tØm-∂p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv?

$ H∂n-tesd DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \¬InbXv F¥n-\m-bn-cn-°pw?

tNmZ-y-ß-tfmSp Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´. Ah-cpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ A[-ym-]nItImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ s]cp-h-gn-b-º-e-Ønse Iq´m-bva-Iƒ Aÿn-chpw bmZr-—nIhpw XpS¿®-bn-

√m-Ø-Xp-amWv.

$ \Zn-bpsS thKhpw Imem-h-kvYbpw ac-°-j-W-ßsf \nb-¥n°p∂p.

$ temI-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Aÿn-c-Xbpw A\n-›n-X-X-zhpw ImWmw.

tIm[w ap‡n°p hnLv\w

hcp-Øp-∂p.

[¿Ω-£bw hcp-Øp-∂p.

a\-kvXm]w D≠m°p-∂p.

_‘p-°sf h[n-°p-∂p.

hnthIw

C√m-Xm-°p-∂p.



$ \nX-y-]-cn-N-b-ap≈ H∂n-tesd DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Bibhy‡Xbv°p klm-

b-I-am-Wv.

$ a\p-j-y-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn F√m A¿Y-Ønepw Ch _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ hcn-I-fnse Na¬°m-c- wKn Is≠Øn Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm°pI.Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. sa®-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ae-¶m-c-]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS Hcp [¿Ωw Kl-\-amb BibsØ

DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS efn-X-am-°pI F∂-XmWv. Np´p]gpØ Ccp-ºn¬ hogp∂Pe-_nµphpw, ]mºns‚ hmbn-e-I-s∏´ Xh-fbpw, kX-Ønse hgn-bm-X-°mcpw \Zn-bn-eqsS Hgp-In-t∏m-Ip∂ ac-°-j-Whpw, DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-sb-Øs∂ D]-am-\-ß-fm°n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Bibw hfsc thKwDƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

XØ-z-Nn¥m\n¿ -c-ß-fmb D]-a-Iƒ°v Nne amXr-I-Iƒ....

$ Hmtcmtcm Pem-itb tIhew alm-Imiw

t\tc \o Im◊o-etbm I≠m-ep-a-Xp-t]mte.

$ c‡mZn km∂n-≤-y-ap-≠m-I-Im-cWw

ip≤kv -Sn-Ihpw XZ-z¿W-ambv hcpw.

$ A·n-sb-°-≠p- tam-ln®p ie- -ßƒ

a·-ambv arX-yp- -hn-°p-∂n-X-∆Æw.

$ IÆmSn Imt◊mfhpw X∂psS apJ-ta‰w

\s∂∂p \ncq-]n-°p-sa-Xbpw hncq-]-∑m¿

$ A[-z-c-Øn-¶¬ sN∂p ip\-I≥, a¥w-sIm≠pip≤amw ]ptcm-Umiw tlma-Zhyw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ t]mse

$ tIm[w hcp-Øn-hbv-°p∂ \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ Ihn-X-bn¬\n∂p Is≠Øn

]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

$ tIm[w aqew \miw £Wn®p hcp-Ønb a‰p IYm-kµ¿ -ßƒ Hm¿Ωn-

°mw.

$ ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Ønb Bi-b-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ s]mXp-N¿®.

$ ka-Im-enIkw -h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn hnjbw hni-I-e\w

sNøp∂p.

$ hnhn[ tkmXp-I-fn¬ \n∂v BibkzoImcw \S-Øp-∂p.

$ apJ]-kw-K-Øns‚ amXr-Ibpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ebmfw]Øv

66 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

$ XpS¿∂p apJ-]-kwKcN-\- hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬.

]co-£nØv alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ IY

arKbm hnt\m-Z-Øn-s\-Ønb cmPmhv Zml-Pew tXSn Hcp Bi-a-Øn¬ FØn.AhnsS [ym-\-\n-jvT-\m-bn-cp∂ al¿jn cmPm-hns‚ km∂n-[yw Adn-™n-√. Xm≥Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn ]co-£n-Øn\p tXm∂n (tZlm-`n-am-\w). ]Xn-Im-c-_p≤nDW¿∂p (tIm[w) NØ-]m-ºns\ FSpØp al¿jn-bpsS (Ahn-th-Iw) Igp-Øn-en´p. CX-dn™ ap\n-Ip-am-c≥ cmPmhv X£-I-Zw-i-\-ta‰p acn-°s´ F∂p i]n-®p.(k¿h-\m-iw).

$ s]s -∂p≈ tIm]m-th-i-Øn¬ a\p-j-y¿ sNbvXpIq´p∂ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-

amb sX‰p-Iƒ N¿®sNømw. B\p-Im-enIhm¿Ø-Iƒ CXn-\p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p.

$ tIm[-Øn¬ bm-\-I-X-sb-∏‰n tIm[w Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xn-s\-∏‰n alZvKŸ-

ßfpw BNm-c-y-∑mcpw ]d-™n- p≈ hmI-y-ßƒ Is≠-Ømw.

$ tIm]-am-Ip-∂Xp hnsØ-∂-dn-bWw]m]-am-Ip∂ acm-a-c-Øn-s∂tSm (alm- m-c-Xw)

$ tIm[mZv h-Xn-k-tΩmlxktΩm-lmXv kvarXn-hn-àxkvarXn-`w-imXv _p≤n-\mtim_p≤n-\m-imXv ]W-i-yXn (`K-h-ZvKo-X)

(tIm]Øn¬\n∂v Ahn-th-Ihpw Ahn-th-I-Øn¬\n∂v Hm¿Ω-t°Spw D≠m-Ip-∂p.Hm¿Ω-sØ‰v _p≤n-\m-i-Øn\pw _p≤n-\miw k¿h-\m-i-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p).

$ tIm]w hcp-tºmƒ \nßƒ \n¬°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ccn-°-Ww. Ccn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ InS-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠pw AS-ßp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Pew sIm≠ptZl-ip≤n sNøWw. (]hm-N-Is‚ hN-\-ßƒ)

$ tIm]w A·n-t]m-se-bm-Wv. \mi-ap-≠m-°ntb AXv AS-ßq.

(almflmKm-‘n)

$ AXn-s∂m-c-cnbmw \mkvXn-Iyw Xm≥ tZzjw temI-Øn-

∂ -tlm-X-am aXn-e-Sn-s]- m-e-Im-e-ar-X-yp- ewamc-W-tZ-h-X-bm-a-Xp-am‰pw aW-hd ] -S-bmbvaSp-a-e¿hm-SnI acp-∏-d-ºmbv, \mIw \mc-I-ambv

(D≈q¿ t]a-kw-Ko-Xw)

$ \nß-fpsS tIm]w kqc-y≥ AkvX-an-°p-∂-Xp-hsc \o≠pt]mIm-Xn-cn-°s´.

(ss__nƒ)



Xmfw Is≠-Øp-∂p

$ t]mb a[p-hn-[p-°m-e-Øn-t\-°m-fp-

an∂p ]nb-ap-s≠\n°p \nt∂m-sStSm(\K-c-Øn¬ Hcp b£≥) ˛ B‰q¿

$ amco-N-am-\ns\s°ms∂mcp cmL-h≥

X≥ ]mW tZhn-sb-°m-Wm™p Jn∂-\mbvIeym-W-ku-K-‘nIw ˛ Ip©≥\ºym¿

Cu hcn-Iƒ A[ym-]nI ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

Xmf-Øns‚ LS-\m-]-camb ]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ hcn-bn¬ ]¥≠v A£-c-ßƒ

$ Htc LS-\-bn-ep≈ Cuc-Sn-Iƒ

]mT- m-K-Ønse hcn-Iƒ CtX Xmf-Øn¬ sNm√n-t\m-°s´.

(Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn-∏m- p-I-fn¬ [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ Cu hrØw "ImIfn'F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p).

vvvvv Infn-∏m´phrØ-ßƒ

Fgp-Ø-—≥ Infn-∏m- p-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ hrØ-ß-fmWv Infn-∏m´phrØßƒ.Hmtcm hcn-bnepw ]Xn-∂mev A£-c-ß-fp≈ tIImhrØhpw ]¥-≠-£-c-ß-fp≈ImIfn hrØhp-amWv ][m\ Infn-∏m´phrØ-ßƒ. c≠-£-cw hoX-ap≈ Bdp-K-W-ßƒ Hcp hcn-bn¬ hcp∂ A∂-\-S-bmWv as‰mcp Infn-∏m´phrØw. Ch IqSmsXImI-fn-bpsS hI-t -Z-ß-fmb If-Im©n, aWnIm©n, ani-Im-Ifn, Du\-Im-Ifn F∂n-hbpw Infn-∏m´phrØ-ß-fm-Wv.

$ imcn-I-ss∏-X¬ Xm\pw hµn®p hµ-y-∑msc

iocm-a-kvarXn-tbmsS ]d™p XpS-ßn-\mƒ (tII)

$ imcn-I-ss∏-Xte Nmcp-iote hcn

Imtcm-ate IYm-ti-jhpw sNm¬I \o (ImI-fn)

$ ]c ]c ]c ]c-a-]m-lnamw

]c-am-\-µ-sa-∂tX ]d-bmhq (A∂-\-S)

$ kIe-ipI Ipe-hn-ae Xne-In-X-I-tf-_tc

kmcky- kmbq-P-y- km-c-k¿hk-zta (If-Im-©n)

ebmfw]Øv

68 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mjm-ssien

$ `mh-Ku-c-h-Øn\pth≠n Zo¿L-amb ka-kvX-]Zßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

˛ h”n-k-¥-]vX-tem-l-ÿmw_p_nµp

˛ N£p ih-W-K-f-ÿamw Z¿Zpcw

˛ ]pX-an-Xm¿YIf-XmZnkwKaw

˛ XzMvamwkc‡mÿnhnäqXtcXkv

˛ ImatIm[-tem- -tam-lm-Zn-Iƒ

˛ amXm-]n-Xr-`m-Xr-anXkJn-Iƒ

$ hn`‡n]X-y-b-ß-tfmSp IqSnb kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

_nµp\m, Imem-ln\m, tNXkm, tcmtjW, \Zymw, tZlm- n-am-\n\mw, _m“-tWmlw, tcXkmw

$ timXm-hns\ kwt_m-[\sNøp∂ Inbm-]-Z-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p.

\o tIƒ°Ww, tIƒ° \o, Hm¿° \o, Adn-sItSm, \ncq-]n° e£vaWm,AdnI \o, tIƒ

$ CucSn-I-fnse c≠m-asØ h¿Ww kam-\-am-Wv.

h’- - a’c, \n∂psS ap∂ta, ]mŸ¿ Xm¥¿

vvvvv Imfn-Zm-k≥ ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-c-y¿

hni-z-tam-l-\amb Imfn-ZmkIhn-X-sb-°p-dn®v tIń- n-√m-Ø-h-cmbn Bcp-an-√. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuµ-c-y-hn-em-k-ßfpw a\p-j-y-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Xmc-f-y-ßfpw sIm≠v A\-iz-c-amb Imh-y-temIw \n¿an®v Imfn-Zm-k-a-lm-I-hn-bpsS ]mX ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-¬ mc-XobIhn-Iƒ A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂p. F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-c-y-cpsS "Imfn-Zm-k-]-T-\-ßƒ' F∂ IrXn-bn¬\n∂v FSp-Øn- p≈ "Imfn-Zm-k≥' F∂ teJ\w B alm-I-hn-bpsS Imhy]m-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w At±-l-Øn\p e`n® km¿h-eu-In-I-amb kzoIm-cy-Xbpw hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Isf JfiImhyw,alm-Im-hyw, \mSIw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm-∂ns‚bpw CXn-hr-ØhpwKpW-hn-ti-j-ßfpw hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Cu teJ\w Imfn-Zmk -Im-hyßsfkw_-‘n-°p∂ \ho-\ -Z¿i-\-ßƒ sIm≠p kº-∂-am-Wv. efnX mj-bn¬ ASp°pwNn´bpw ]men®v, hnj-b-Øn¬ HXp-ßn-\n∂v hnh-cW ][m\-ambn Na-®n- p≈ F≥.-hn.-bpsS teJ-\-ssien ]_-‘-c-N-\-bpsS anI® \nZ¿i\w IqSn-bm-Wv. Imfn-Zm-ks\ ASp-Ø-dn-bm\pw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw Ah hmbn-°m-\p≈ t]cW P\n-∏n-°m\pw Cu teJ-\-Øns‚ ]T\w klm-b-I-amhpw.



]mTm-h-X-cWw

temIhpw \mIhpw Iqń-bn-W°n \oimIp-¥-f-Øn¬ I\I iem-I-bm¬tamL-a-√mØ k\m-X-\-t]-aamtaL-Øn-s\-s°m-s≠-SpØp ]mSn®p \o\obm-c-Lp-hn-s\-s°m≠p ]d-∏n®p\oXn-[¿Ω-ßƒ X≥ s]m¬s°m-Sn-°q-d-Iƒhmcp‰ hmSm-Ø sh≈n \£-Xta`mc-X-Øn-∂p-≈- n-am-\-amWp \o...''

(Imfn-Zm-k≥) (Nß-ºp-g)

A[-ym-]nI IhnX ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. s]mXp-hmb hmb-\-bv°p-tijw ]mTm-h-X-c-W-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ tNmZ-y-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Ihn BcmWv?

$ At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn®p kqN\ \¬Ip∂ hcn-Iƒ GsX-√m-amWv?

$ Nß-ºpg Imfn-Zm-ks\ Fßs\ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p?

Imfn-Zm-k-I-hn-sb-°p-dn®p IqSp-X¬ Imc-y-ßƒ a\-n-em-°m≥ ]mT-hm-b-\-bn-te°pIS-°mw.

˛ ]ńI Xbm-dm°mw

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ IrXn-Ifpw IYm-]m-X-ßfpw D≈-S-°hpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]ńINm¿ń¬ Xbm-dm°n ]Z¿in-∏n-°¬.

IrXn hn`mKw IYm-]m-X-ßƒ D≈-S°w

EXp-kw-lmcw Jfi-Im-hyw .............................. ]IrXnh¿W\ BdvEXp-°-fnepw D≠m-Ip-∂ ] I r X n h n e m k wh¿Wn-°p-∂p.

taL-k-tµiw Jfi-Im-hyw b£≥, taLw hnc-ln-bmb \mb-I≥ (ktµ-i-Im-h-yw)]nb-X-abv°v ktµ-i-sa-Øn°m≥taLsØZqX-\mbnIev]n-°p-∂p.

Ipam-c-kw-`hw? cLp-hwiw amf-hn-Im-·n-anXw hnI-tam¿h-iobw A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥fw

ebmfw]Øv

70 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

$ kam-\-co-Xn-bn¬ apI-fn-ep≈ ]ńI Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-I.

˛ Hcp Kq∏v Hcp IrXn-bpsS hnh-cWw Xbm-dm-°-Ww.

˛ ]mT-`m-K-Øp≈ hnh-c-ßƒ°p ]pdta sse_dn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØnA[nI hnh-c-ßƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww.

˛ IrXn-bp-sS -a-e-bmf ]cn- m-j-Isf-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°Ww.

˛ Imfn-Zm-k-ssien hy-‡-am-°p∂ kµ¿ -ßƒ DZm-l-cn-°Ww.

$ Kq∏n¬ Xbm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.-Ip-dn∏pw

Ah-Xc-Whpw \nc-¥-c-aq-e-y-\n¿W-b -]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

A[nI-hm-b-\bv°v

Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS ae-bmfhnh¿Ø\ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw

Imfn-Zmk Imh-y-ßƒ°v Ipń-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv Xbm-dm-°nb KZ-y-]-cn- m-j-Iƒ CtXm-sSm∏w ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

Bibw ka¿Yn-°pI

""aqt∂m \mtem NXp-c-bSn Im≥hmkv aXn-b-t√m, alm-\mb Hcp NnX-Im-c\v hntizm-Ø-c-amb Hcp NnXw \n¿an-°p-hm≥.''

Cu ]kvXm-h-\-bn-te°v A[-ym-]nI Ipń-I-fpsS i≤ £Wn-°p-∂p. Bib hni-I-e-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ tNmZ-y-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ NnXw hnti-zm-Ø-c-am-Ip-∂Xp Im≥hm-kns‚ hep∏w sIm≠m-tWm..?

$ ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Bibw F¥m-Wv?

$ Hmt∂m ct≠m IrXn-Iƒ sIm≠v hni-z-]-kn-≤-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-t≠m...?

$ Imfn-Zm-ks\ kw_-‘n®v Cu \nco-£Ww ]k-‡-am-tWm?

$ KpW-amWv Imc-yw, Imfn-Zm-k-I-hnX KpW-Øn¬ anI®p \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn

Icp-Xp-∂p≠v. F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv?

N¿®sNbvX Bi-b-ßƒ A[-ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ hep-∏-a-√, KpW-k-hn-ti-j-X-bmWv al-Ø-z-Øn-\-Sn-ÿm\w.

$ ""A¥-co -£-Øn¬ kpK‘w ]c -Øp -hm≥ F¥n\p IkvXqcn

Gsdtbm¿Øm¬.....'' shÆn-°p-f-Øns‚ Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bibw Iqń-

t®¿°mw. (amWn-IyhoW, tIc-f-]m-Tm-hen 8)



$ BZn-Ihn hmevao-In, Fgp-Ø-—≥, DÆm-bn-hm-c-y¿, cma-]p-c-Øp-hm-c-y¿...

$ Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Iƒ FsgÆw amXw. F√m-bn-SØpw At±-l-Øns‚ Io¿Øn

]c-°p∂p.

$ temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ AwKo-Im-cw, sshhn-[-y-am¿∂ CXn-hr-Ø-ßƒ, lrZ-y-amb

h¿W-\-Iƒ, DNn-X-amb Pohn-X-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ..........

N¿®-bn-eqsS e`n® kqN-\-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v "hep∏a√, KpW-amWp

Imcyw Cu ]kvXm-h-\sb km[q-I-cn-°p∂ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠Øn Fgp-

Xp-I.

hy-‡n-K-X-c-N\ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Ø¬sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬Ah-X-c-Ww.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬°pdn∏v

IhnXm Imfn-Zm-k-ky

XX imIp-¥fwhcw.''

imIp-¥-f-Øns‚ ]m[m-\-y-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu t«mIm¿≤w A[-ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]mT- m-K-Øns‚ Ah-km\ JfinIbv°v tijw Ipń-Iƒ ho≠pw hmbn-°-s´. XpS¿∂v Bib hni-I-e-\-Øn-\p≈ tNmZ-y-ßƒ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ \mSIØns‚ IY Fhn-sS-\n∂p kzo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wv?

$ Pohn -X-Ønse hn`n -∂-ap -J-ßƒ F∂p ]d-bm -hp∂ LS-I-ßƒ

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

$ imIp-¥-f-Ønse ]IrXnkpµ-c-Zr-i-y-Øn\v DZm-l-cWw ]d-bm-tam....?

$ A\p- qXn a[p-c-amb PohnX aplq¿Ø-ßƒ Is≠-Øm-tam...?

$ imIp-¥-f-sØ-∏‰n "tKmbvtY' F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv?

$ \mSIw \¬Ip∂ PohnX ktµ-i-sa-¥mWv?

Ipń-I-fpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ A[-ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ imIp-¥f\mS-I-Øns‚ CXn-hrØw alm- m-cX-Øn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv.

$ Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn`n∂ apJ-ß-fpsS kwK-a-amWv imIp-¥-fw.

˛ Bi-a-Øns‚ AgIpw ]cn-ip-≤nbpw˛ \K-c-Øns‚ ]In´pw]uVnbpw

˛ ]Y-a-]-W-b-Øns‚ hnem-k-Im-hyw ˛ ]uV-]-W-b-Øns‚ £a,XymKw

˛ tIm[-Øns‚ Bfn-°-Ø¬ ˛ A]m-c-amb HuZm-c-y-Øns‚ioX-fna

ebmfw]Øv

72 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

˛ B≠p-]n-d-∏nse ]q°ƒ ˛ B≠-dp-Xn-bnse e-ßƒ

$ iIp-¥-f-bpsS th¿]m-Sn¬ IÆo¿ s]mgn-°p∂ hr£-ßƒ.

˛ ]pS-h-Øp-ºn¬ ]nSn®p XS™p \n¿Øp∂ am≥In-Smhv.

˛ aIsf ¿Ør-Kr-l-Øn-te°p bmX-bm-°p∂ XmX-Im-i-y-]≥.

$ `qanbpw kz¿Khpw H‰-hm-°n¬ kwK-ln®p ]d-bmw, AXmWv imIp-¥fw.

$ Cµn-b-kp-Jm-\p- hw amX-a-√ kvt\lw; Xym-K-\n¿ -c-amb Pohn-X-hpam-Wv.

h¿Wi_-f-amb ]q°fpw Poh-Zm-b-I-ß-fmb e-ßfpw Hcp sNSn-bpsSXs∂ mK-ß-fm-Wv. kvt\l-sa∂ sNSn-bpsS ]q°fpw e-ß-fp-amWv t`mKhpw Xym-K-hpw, Cµn-b-ß-fn-eqsS Bk-z-Zn-°m-hp∂ A\p- -h-X-e-hpw DZm-Ø-Nn-¥-bn-eqsS shfn®w hnX-dp∂ Pohn-X-Z¿i-\hpw kvt\l-Øn-\p-≠v. Pohn-XsØ a[p-tcm-Zm-c-am-°p∂ kvt\l-Øns‚ Cu c≠p Xe-ßfpw Hcpt]mse ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂p F∂-XmWv A`n-⁄m\imIp-¥-f-Øns‚ khn-tijX.

N¿®-bn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Imfn-Zm-ks‚ mh\G‰hpw sXfn™p ]Im-in-°p-∂Xp "imIp-¥f'Øns‚ cN-\-bn-emWv F∂ A`n-]mbw hne-bn-cpØn Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm-°p-I.

cN-\-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

Ah-X-cWw

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

Imfn-Zm-k-s\-°p-dn®v

]pcm Iho \mw KW-\-]-kwtK

I\n-jvTn-Im-[n-jvTnX: Imfn-Zmk:

AZ-ym-]n-tXØp-e-y-Im-sh-c-`m-h

Z\m-anIm km¿YI \ma-t[bm

]≠v Ihn-I-fpsS IW-s°-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ sNdp-hn-c¬ aS°n Imfn-Zm-k-s\∂v

BZyw FÆn. Ct∂mfw XØp-e-y-\mb Hcp Ihn D≠m-hm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ c≠m-

asØ hnc¬ aS-°m-\m-hm-sX, A\m-anI F∂ t]cv A\-z¿Y-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. (A\m-anI = tamXn-c-hn-c¬, t]cn-√m-Ø, aS-°m-\m-hm-Ø....)

D]am Imfn-Zm-k-ky

`mc-th-c¿∞ Kuchw

Zfin\ ; ]Z-em-fn-Xyw

amtL k¥n-Xtbm KpWm:



Imfn-Zm-ks‚ D]-a, `mc-hn-bpsS Bi-b-temIw, Zfin-bpsS efnX`mj Ch

Hcpan®p-Im-Wp-∂Xp amL-Im-h-y-Øn-em-Wv. (amLw ˛ inip-]m-e-h[w Imhyw)

IhnXm Imfn-Zm-k-ky

XX-im-Ip-¥fw hcw

imIp-¥tf NXp¿tYm/¶:

XX t«mIm. NXp-jvSbw

Imh-y-ß-fn¬ tijvTw Imfn-ZmkImh-y-am-Wv. Ah-bn¬ hnti-j-s∏-´Xp

imIp-¥fw. imIp-¥-f-Øn¬ \mem-a¶w G‰hpw hnti-j-s∏-´-Xm-Ip-∂p.

Ah-bn¬Øs∂ IW-z-a-l¿jn-]d-bp-∂-Xmb \mep t«mI-ßƒ k¿thm-Ø-

a-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.

Imfn-ZmkIho-µs‚

Im¬\-tJ-µp-a-co-Nn-Iƒ

Imh-ym-[-zm-hn¬ k©-cn-°p˛

sa\n°p hgn-Im-´Ww

Imfn-Zm-k-a-lm-I-hn-bpsS Im¬∏m-Sp-Iƒ Imh-y-tem-IØp k©-cn-°p∂

F\n°v am¿K-Z¿i-I-am-hWw F∂v alm-Ihn sI.kn. tIi-h-]n≈ tIi-

ho-b-Im-h-y-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

Imfn-Zmk IhnXm, \hw hb:

amlnjw Z[n, ki¿°cw ]b:

ImfnZmk-I-hn-Xbpw \h-bu-h-\hpw Fcp-a-∏m-ens‚ ssXcpw a[pcw

tN¿Ø ]mepw Hcp t]mse-bm-Wv. P∑-P-∑m-¥-c-ß-fnepw Ah e`n-°tW

F∂ ]m¿Y-\.

Ae-¶m-c-`wKn Is≠-ØpI

\nX-y-Po-hn-X-Ønse hmI-y-]-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ kmZr-i-y-I-ev]-\-Iƒ A[-ym-]nI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. (Cu¿°n¬t]mse saen-™-Ip-ń, shSn-bp≠ t]mse]mbp∂ ss_°v) XpS¿∂v Cu kmZr-i-y-ßƒ \ΩpsS a\-n¬ krjvSn-°p∂ Bi-b-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv F∂p N¿® \S-°p-∂p. alm-I-hn-I-fpsS I-ev]-\-Iƒ hmb-\-°m-cpsS a\-n¬ ]pXnb Bi-b-X-e-ßƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. "D]am Imfn-Zm-k-ky' F∂ klr-Zb \nco-£-W-Øn-te°v Ipń-I-fpsS i≤ £Wn-°-Ww. ap≥]mT-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ D]-a-Iƒ Ah¿ ]cn-N-bn-®n- p≠v alm-I-hn-I-fpsS D]-a-IƒkmZr-iyw Is≠-Ø¬ amX-a-√. B kµ¿ -Øns‚ BsI kuµ-cyw ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p∂ mh-\mhym]m-c-amWv ]cn-Nn-X-amb DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS CXp hy-‡-am-°-Ww.

ebmfw]Øv

74 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Hcp amXrI

""CSn-sh-óSpwhÆw hn¬ap-dn-s™m-®-tI´p\Spßo cmPm-°-∑m-cp-c-K-ß-sf-t∏msessaYnen abn¬t∏S-t]mse kt¥mjw ]q≠mƒ

IuXpIap≠mbv h∂p tNXkn Iuin-I\pw''

(A[-ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m´v ˛ koXm-k-z-bw-hcw)(Fgp-Ø-—≥)

ChnsS hn√p-ap-dn™ i_vZsØ CSn-\m-Z-ambn Iev]n-°p-∂p.

˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ Dc-K-ß-sf-t∏mse \Spßn(CSn-\mZw Dc-K-ßƒ°p òXn-I-c-amWv).

˛ ssaYnen abn¬t∏S-t]mse B\-µn®p(abn¬t∏S ]oen-hn-S¿Øn- B-Sm-dn-√. kt¥mjw D≈n-sem-Xp-°nsXfn™p \n¬°p-∂p)

CSn-sh-´v, ag-kq-N-\-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ abn-ep-Iƒ°v B\-µ-I-c-amWv.

˛ Iuin-I\v IuXp-I-ap-≠mbn.(Iuin-I≥ ˛ hni-zm-an-X≥, I¿j-I≥ : I¿jI¿ CSn-\mZw tI´v kt¥m-jn-

°pw).

$ kz-Xth hoc-∑m-sc-¶nepw ]Xdn hoWp-t]mb cmPm-°-∑m¿.

$ AS-°m-\m-hmØ B\µw D≈nsemXp°n \n¬°p∂ koX.

$ CSn-\mZw tI´ I¿j-I≥ hcm≥t]mIp∂ ag-°m-ehpw ê-k-ar-≤nbpw

Hm¿Øv B\-µn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse mhn-bpsS ip -kq-N\ a\-n-em°n kt¥m-jn-°p∂ Iuin-I≥.

$ Im¿ta-L-h¿W-\mb cmas‚ ssIbnse apdn™ hn√v.

C]-Imcw kµ¿`-Øns‚ NmcpX ]q¿W-ambn Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp ]tbm-K-amWv""CSn-sh- nSpwhÆw hn¬ap-dn-s™m® tI´p'' F∂-Xv.

Ipń-Isf \mev Kq∏m-°p-∂p.

Imfn-Zm-k-`m-h\ \nd™p\n¬°p∂ D]-am-k-µ¿`-ßƒ Kq∏p-Iƒ°p \¬Ip-∂p.kµ¿`w, ]tbm-K- w-Kn, HuNn-Xyw Ch ]cn-K-Wn®v Bk-zm-Z\w Fgp-X-s´.

k©m-coWo Zo]intJh cmXubw bw hy-Xo-bmb ]Xnw-h-cm km\tc-µ-am¿KmXv Ch ]thtZ

hnh¿W-`mhw kk-`q-an-]mem.

$ Cµp-aXo kz-bw-h-c-amWv kµ¿`w APs\ kzbw-hcw sNbvXXv Cµp-a-Xn-

bmWv.



$ k©-cn-°p∂ Zo]-inJ t]mse-bmWv Cµp-aXn (tim`, ]Im-iw).

$ Ccp- n-eqsS hcp∂ Zo]-inJ AXp-\n¬°p∂ ÿew sXfn-®˛

ap≈-Xm-°p-∂p. hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂nSw Ccp- n-em-°p-∂p.

$ kz-bw-hckZ-n-eqsS \S∂p\oßp∂ Cµp-aXn Hmtcm cmP-Ip-am-c\pw ]Xo£

]I¿∂v ]n∂o-Sp -\n-cm-i-s∏-SpØn IS∂pt]mIp-∂p.

$ Cu D]-am-]-tbmKw Ihn°p "Zo]-in-Jm-Im-fn-Zm-k≥' F∂ _lp-aXn t\Sn-

s°m-Sp-Øp.

Xw ho-£-y- th-]-Yp-aXo kc--kmw-K-b-jvSn¿

\nt£-]-Wmb ]Z-arZv[rX-a-Z-z-l¥oam¿Km-Ne hy-Xn-I-cm-I-en-tXh kn‘p

ssiem-[n-cm-P-X-\-bm- \ -bbu \ XkvXu.

X]psN-øp∂ ]m¿h-Xn-bpsS kvt\lhpw ‡nbpw ]co-£n-®-dn-bm≥ _“Nmcothj-Øn¬ h∂ ]c-a-in-hs‚ hm°p-I-tfmSp Ib¿Øv ]m¿hXn t]mhm-s\-gp-t∂¬°p-∂p. At∏mƒ kz¥w cq]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb inhs\ I≠p ]cn- -an-®p-t]mb ]m¿h-Xn-bpsS Ahÿ Imfn-Zmk≥ h¿Wn-°p-∂p.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv°v

Imfn-Zm-ks\ tXSp-tºmƒ

]mNo-\-cmb F√m Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n®pw A]q¿Whpw Ahy-‡-hp-amb hnh-c-ß-tf-bp-≈q. Imfn-Zm-ks\tXSm≥ Ipd-™Xv c≠p \q‰m-s≠-¶n-ep-ambn \S-°p∂ ]fin-X-i-a-ß-sf√mw Zp¿_-e-amb ASn-Ø-d-bn-eq-∂nb hmZ-ß-fmWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ime-tZ-i-ß-sfbpw ]‰n Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Nne IrXn-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw kwibw\ne-\n-¬°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn-s\-∏-‰nt∏m-ep-w Ht´sd ]fin-X¿°v A`n-]m-b-t`Zap-≠v. Xs‚ t]cv Imfn-Zm-k-≥ F∂msW∂v "amfhn-Im-·n-anXw', "hnI-tam¿h-iobw', "A`n-⁄m\imIp-¥fw' F∂o \mS-I-ß-fn¬ At±-lw-Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v. Ccn-°p∂ sImºp-ap-dn® hnUvVn-bmb Bń-S-b≥ Imfo-tZ-hn-bpsS A\p-K-lw-sIm≠v alm-I-hn-X-bpsS al-Øz-sØ-∏‰n AZv`p-Xw-sIm-≈n-°m≥ sIm≈m-sa-∂-√msX Poh-N-cn-X-]-c-ambn AXp-sIm≠v Imfn-Zm-k≥ Imfnsb kvXpXn-°p∂kµ¿ -ß-sfm∂pw B Imhy-tem-I-Øn-e√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ B sI´p-I-Y-bn¬ Imcy-an-s√∂p sXfn-bp-∂p. "Ipam-c-kw- h'Øn¬ Hcp t«mI-Øn¬ amXta Imfo-]-cm-a¿i-ap-≈q. ]c-a-in-hs‚ hnhm-l-tLm-j-bm-X-bn¬ I]m-em-`-c-W-bmb Imfn H‰bv°p\S-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv B ]cm-a¿iw. D÷-bn-\n-bnse alm-Im-es‚ ]Xv\n-bmb alm-Im-fn-bmhmw Imfn-Zm-ks‚ t]jvT-tZ-h-X-sb∂v Fw.]n. i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿ ]d-bp∂p(OXhpw Nma-chpw 1988).

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-sØ-∏‰n ]e hmZ-ß-fp-≠v. _n.kn.-C. A©mw \q‰m≠papX¬ kn.C. Bdmw \q‰m-≠p-hsc Ime-Øn-\n-Sbv°v ]e-bn-SØpw ]fin-X¿ Imfn-Zm-ks\ ]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂p. kn.C. Ggmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ _mW≥ (ImZw-_-

ebmfw]Øv

76 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

cn-bp-sSbpw l¿j-N-cn-X-Øn-s‚bpw I¿Ømhv) Imfn-Zm-ks\ kvacn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠vAXn-\p-ap-ºm-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k-Im-e-sa∂v F√m-h¿°pw Xo¿®-bp-≠v. hnI-am-Zn-Xy≥F∂ cmPm-hp-ambn Imfn-Zm-k\p _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶nepwB cmPmhv Bcm-sW∂v B¿°pw Xo¿®-bn-√. kvIµ-Kp-]vX-\mWv AsX∂p Nne¿hmZn-°p-∂p. hnI-am-ZnXy kZ-nse \h-c-Xv\-ß-fn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k≥F∂m-bn-cp∂p ]i-kvXn. ]n.hn. Ims\, `fim¿°¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ kn.C.- Bdmw\q‰m-≠m-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k-Im-e-sa∂p hmZn-°p-∂p. ]pe-tIin c≠m-a≥ cmPm-hns‚Abvtlmsf imk-\-Øn¬ (kn.C. 634) Imfn-Zm-ks‚ t]cp ]cm-a¿in-®n- p-≠v. Imfn-Zm-k≥ F∂ t]cn¬ ]nev°m-eØpw Ihn-I-fp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. kn.C. \memw \q‰m-≠mWvImfn-Zm-ks‚ Imew F∂ A`n-]m-b-Øn-\mWv B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv ]m_eyw Inń-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Ime-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]mse P∑-ÿ-e-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw Dd-∏n√. ]ecpw ]e-bn-S-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-am-Xw. Hmtcm hmZhpw AXpicn-bm-sW∂p iTn-°p-∂p. hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ß-sf-∏‰n hnh-cn-®n- p≈ Imfn-Zm-ks\ GsX-¶n-ep-sam-cn-SØp Iqń-s°- p-Ibpw Ffp-∏-a-√.

alm-Im-hy-ß-fmb "cLp-hwiw', "Ipam-c-kw- hw', ktµ-i-Im-hy-amb "taL-k-tµiw'(taL-Zq-Xw), \mS-I-ßfmb amf-hn-Im-·n-an-Xw, hnI-tam¿h-io-bw, A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥fw F∂n-h-bmWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚ IrXn-Iƒ. \mS-I-ß-fn¬ amXta Ihn kz¥wt]cp ]cm-a¿in-®n- p-≈q. "EXp-kw-lmcw' F∂ EXp-h¿W-\m-Imhyw Imfn-Zm-ks‚t]cn¬ ]N-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-¶nepw AXp Imfn-Zm-k-t‚-X√ F∂mWv ]apJ ]fin-X-cpsS A`n-]m-bw. Imap-Insb kwt_m-[-\-sNbvXv Kojvaw sXm´p≈ Bdv EXp-°-sfbpw h¿Wn-°p∂ EXp-kw-lm-csØ "ImapIs‚ Ie-≠¿' F∂p hnfn® Fw.]n.i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿ Fgp-Xp-∂p. EXp-kw-LmXw F∂m-bn-cn°pw icn-bmb t]cv. kwLmXwHcp Imhy-hn- m-K-a-tX. EXp-kw-lmcw Imfn-Zm-ko-b-am-sW∂ [mcW \hy Imfn-Zm-k-hn-a¿i-\-Øns‚ _men-iXzw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ EXp-kw-lmcw Imfn-Zm-ks‚BZy-Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂p hmZn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v. "LS-I¿∏-c-Imhyw', "Ip¥-tf-iz-c-ZuXyw'F∂o Imhy-ßƒ Imfn-Zm-k≥ cNn-®-h-bm-sW∂pw Hcp hmZ-ap-≠v. ]mNo-\-Im-esØkmln-Xy-ssk-≤m-¥n-I-\m-bn-cp∂ A`n-\-h-Kp-]vX≥ LS-I¿∏-c-Imhyw Imfn-Zm-k-t‚-Xm-sW∂ \ne-bn¬ hymJym-\n-®n- p-≈-XmWv Cu hmZ-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\w. t`mP≥,t£ta-µ≥ F∂o ]pcm-X\ ssk≤m-¥n-I-cmWv Ip¥-tf-iz-c-ZuXyw Imfn-Zm-k-t‚-sX∂p kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. F¶nepw Cu IrXn-Isf s]mXpth Imfn-Zm-k-c-N-\-I-fpsS Iq -Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-dn-√.

ÿe-Im-e-ßƒ Xo¿®-bn-s√-¶nepw c≠p kl-km-_vZ-ambn Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-IƒC¥y≥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. ]q¿W-km-£-cXw Ct∏mƒt]mepw C¥yB¿Pn®p Ign-™n- n-s√-¶nepw Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Iƒ \nc-¥cw hmbn-°-s∏- p. Hcn-°epwAh ad-hn-bn¬ apßn-t∏m-bn-√. A®-Sn-h-cp-∂-Xn\pw FXtbm apºp-Xs∂ ssIsb-gp-Øp-]-Xn-I-fmbn C¥y-bpsS hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ah ]N-cn-®p. tZi-t`-Zhpw]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Øp-Ifpw Ah-bn¬ ]mTm-¥-c-ßƒ krjvSn-°m\pw Imc-W-am-bn. ]uc-kvXy-hmZn (Hmdn-sb‚-en-Ãv)-I-fmb bqtdm-]y≥ ]fin-X-cmWv Imfn-Zm-ks\ ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. hneyw tPm¨kv A`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥-f-Øns‚Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj 1789˛¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. 1830 apX-emWv Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-IƒkwkvIr-X-Øn¬ A®-Sn-°-s∏´p XpS-ßn-bXv (B h¿jw Antoine Leonard de chezyA`n-⁄m-\-im-Ip-¥fw e≠-\n¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.) A∂sØ _nójv C¥y-bpsStIµw sIm¬°-Ø-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v _wKmƒ ]mT-ßsf B[m-c-am-°n-bmWvBZy-Ime ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ D≠m-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv Zm£n-Wm-Xy, Iivao-cn, tZh-\m-



Kcn ]mT-ßfpw Is≠-Øn. ]psW-bnepw _tdmU (htUm-Z-c)-bnepw \n∂v Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS Inń-°¬ FUn-j-\p-Ifpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hymJym-\-Øns‚ Ncn-Xw. Imfn-Zm-k-hym-Jym-\hpw ]cn- m-j-Ifpw HcpA\p-jvTm-\w-t]m-se-bmWv C¥y-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏- -Xv. ae-bm-fhpw A°q- -Øn¬ap∂n¬Ø-s∂. imIp-¥fw ae-bm-f-Ønem°n-b-h¿ Ht -sd-bp-≠v.

X\n°p ]n∂n-ep≈ Imhy-kw-kvIm-c-amsI Dƒs°m≠ Ihn-bm-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k≥."cmam-bW'hpw "alm- m-cX'hpambncp∂p At±-l-Øn-s‚bpw Imhy-tkm-X-p-Iƒ.`c-Xs‚ "\mSy-imkvX'sØ∏-‰n-bp≈ Kl-\-[m-c-Wbpw Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ImWmw. F∂m¬ cLp-hwiw cmambW IYsb ]q¿W-ambn ]n¥p-S-cp-∂n-√. cmam-b-W-Øn¬ \n∂p n∂-amWv Imfn-Zm-k≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ cLp-hw-i-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS]ń-I. "hnjvWp-]p-cmW'Ønsebpw "`c-X-]p-cmW'Ønsebpw cLp-hw-im-h-en-tbm-SmWvImfn-Zm-k\v ASp-∏-sa∂p Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. hmbp-]p-cm-W-Im-c\pw Imfn-Zm-k\pw Htc tkmX-p-X-s∂-bmhmw Bi-bn-®-Xv. amf-hn-Im-·n-an-X-Øn¬ ]q¿hn-I-cmb Fgp-Øp-Imsc Imfn-Zm-k≥ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. mk≥, kuan-√≥, Ihn-]p-X≥XpS-ßnb ]kn-≤-cmb \mS-I-Im-c-∑m-cpsS cN-\-Iƒ D≈-t∏mƒ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ \mS-I-tØmSv BZ-chp tXm∂nbsXßs\? (]Yn-X-b-imw `mk-ku-an√ Ihn-]p-Xm-Zo\w ]_-‘m-\-Xn-Iay h¿Ø-am-\-ky-Ith Imfn-Zm-kky Inbmbmw IYw _lp-am-\x) F∂mWv amf-hn-Im-·n-an-X-Ønse kqX-[m-cs‚ tNmZyw. mk-s\-°p-dn-®p≈BZy-]-cm-a¿i-am-W-Xv. (`mks‚ \mS-I-ßƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚XpS-°w-hsc ImØn-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. 1910˛¬ ]Zva-\m- -]p-csØ aW-en-°-c-a-T-Øn¬\n∂v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ lkvX-en-JnX KŸm-e-b-Ønse Sn.K-W-]-Xn-im-kvXn-bmWv`mk-\m-S-I-ßƒ Is≠-Øn-b-Xv). _p≤-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb Aiz-tLm-j≥ Imfn-Zm-ks‚]q¿hn-I-\m-sW∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ kzm[o\w Imfn-Zm-k-Im-hy-ß-fn-ep-s≠∂pw i‡-amb hmZ-ap-≠v. FXn¿hm-Z-hp-ap-≠v. thZ-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\hpw Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ImWmw. Xntem-I-k-¶-ev]hpw Ak-Øn¬ (non being) \n∂mWv kØv (being) D≠m-b-sX∂ hnizm-khpw ]p\¿P-∑-k-¶-ev]hpw bmK-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ hnh-c-Whpw X]-nepw Ejn-am-cn-ep-ap≈ hnizm-k-hp-sa√mw ImWn-°p-∂Xv thZ-_-‘-am-Wv.

Imfn-Zmk`mh\

a[p-tcm-Zm-chpw Iev]-\m-a-[p-c-hp-amWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚ mjm-ssi-en. Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsSkz`mhw ]t≠ Imfn-Zm-k-I-hnX ]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sh∂p t]mepw ]d-bmw. sshZ¿`n-sb-∂mWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚ mjm-ssi-en-bpsS t]cv. tZim-[n-jvTn-X-ambn ssien°p t]cn-Sp∂ kwkvIr-X-co-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWv sshZ¿`n-sb∂ t]cp-≠m-b-Xv. hnZ¿`sb AXpkqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Imfn-Zm-k\pw Aiz-tLm-j\pw ]n¥p-S¿∂ sshZ¿`n-sb-bmWv DØ-a-ssi-en-bmbn KWn-°p-∂-Xv. Imfn-Zm-k-ssi-en-bn¬ "GXp-Nn-Xhpw GXp XØzhpwip≤-P-e-∏-c-∏n-eqsS hm]o-lr-Z-b-sa-∂-t]mse ImWmw. Aan- p-s]m- n-hn-cn-bp-tºm-se-bmWv at\m-ho-Yn-bn¬ hmtIym-Xv£n-]vX-am-bn v Bibw Hmtcm∂pw ]c-°p-∂-sX∂vtPmk v ap≠-t»cn Imfn-Zm-k-ssi-ensb hnti-jn-∏n-®p. kwkvIrXw amX-a√ Imfn-Zm-k≥ Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. \mS-I-ß-fn¬ iuc-tk-\n, alm-cm-jvSn,amK[n F∂o ]Ir-X- m-j- kwkvIr-X-Øn\p ]pd-ta-bp-≠v. kvXoIƒ, ]cn-Nm-c-I¿XpS-ßnb IYm-]m-X-ßƒ ]mIr-X-Ønte kwkm-cn-°mhq F∂ kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-\n-b-a-amWv AXn\p Imc-Ww. hocm-Zv p-X-ß-fpsS i_vZ-mbam\hpw Xo£vW-hp-ambtemI-a√ t]ahpw Pohn-Xm- n-c-Xnbpw \nd™ kz— temI-amWv an°-t∏mgpw Imfn-Zm-k≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ mj efn-X-kp-µ-c-am-bn-Øo-cm-\p≈ HcpImc-W-hp-a-Xm-Wv. _nw_m-fl-I-amb mj-bm-W-Xv. K‘-_nw-_-ßfpw i_vZ-_nw-_-ßfpw

ebmfw]Øv

78 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Zriy-_nw-_-ßfpw AhnsS ]qØp-e™p kpK-‘w- ]-cØn \n¬°p-∂p. cLp-hw-i-Ønse ]Xn-aq∂mw k¿K-Øn¬ Cßs\ hmbn°mw: ChnsS ]pXp-a-g-tb‰ Im´p-tNm-e-I-fn¬ \n∂p-b-cp∂ ]cn-a-fhpw ]mXn-hn-cn™ IS-ºn≥sam- p-Ifpw tIIm-c-hhpw\obn-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v F\n°v Ak-ly-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cu _nw_-k-ar≤n Imfn-Zm-k-I-hn-X-bpsS apJap-Z-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xns‚ as‰mcp ImcWw Cµn-b-]-c-X-bm-Wv. Cµn-bm-\p- q-Xn-I-fpsS temIw Imfn-Zm-k≥ \n¿an-®p. AhnsS a\p-jy¿ amX-a√ ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw kky-Pm-e-hp-sa√mw \nd-bp-∂p. Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp ]Ir-Xn-_-‘-amWXv.as‰mcp Ihn-bnepw Aß-s\-sbmcp temIw CX-ta¬ kar-≤-ambn \mw ImWp-I-bn√.

Imfn-Zm-ks‚ temIw a\p-jy-temIw amX-a√, a\p-tjy-X-cß-fpsS temIw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. ap√-h-≈nbpw am≥In-Smhpw tX∑mhpw ]qØp-e™ ]mt®m-‰n-t]mse \n¬°p∂knwlhpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. \K-c-ßfpw cmP-sIm- m-c-ß-fpw-t]mse h\-ßfpw Ip∂n≥sN-cn-hp-Ifpw ]∂n-°q- -ßfpw tNt°-dm-\p≈ ac-ß-fn-te°p ]d-°p∂ abn-ep-Ifpw ]®-∏p¬Ø-In-Sp-I-fn¬ InS-°p∂ am\p-Ifpw \nd™ Ccp≠ ImSns\ t\m°n \S-°p∂cmPm-°-∑mcpw Imfn-Zm-ks‚ temI-Øp-≠v. a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xnbpw XΩn¬ AhnsSA¥-c-an-√. ]I-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ hn\n-a-b-sØ-∏‰n Fw.]n. i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿ Fgp-Xn-bXv Cß-s\-bmWv: ""imIp-¥fw \mem-a-¶-Ønepw Ipam-c-kw- hw F´mw-k¿K-Ønepw a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-°p-an-S-bn-ep≈ F√m AXn-cp-Ifpw hcºp-IfpwA‰p t]mIp-∂p. kvt\l-hn-izm-k-ßƒ Ccp-h-gn-bmbpw ]h-ln-°p-∂p. kky-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ au\-tem-I-Øns‚ aWn-b-d-I-fn-te°p a\p-jycpw ]th-in-°p-∂p.Cu Pohn-X-hn-\n-abw Imfn-Zm-k\v Hcp k¶ev]w amX-a-√, A\p- -h-hpam-Ip-∂p. imIp-¥fw \mem-a-¶-Øn¬ ImWp-∂Xv shdpw ]Ir-Xn-h¿W-\-a-√, ]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pwXΩn¬ kmflyw h∂ Hcp Pohn-X-a-tX. AhnsS h\-tPym-’v\bpw a‰pw IYm-]m-X-ßƒX-s∂. ]®n-e-∏-S¿∏n-∂n-S-bn¬ shÏfn hoin \n¬°p∂ B ap√bv°v iIp-¥-f-bn¬ \n∂p hyXym-k-an√ F∂m-Wt√m IWz≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv... Ncm-N-cm-flIamb]Ir-Xn-tbmSv CXbpw kl-I-cn®p Pohn® Hcp Ihn kwkvIrXkmln-Xy-Øn¬thsd-bn-√. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS tIfo-Kr-l-Øn-te°v Imfn-Zm-k\v Hcp \nXy-s\-t∏mse ]th-in-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. EXp-kw-I-a-W-ß-fpsS \thm-t∑-jn-bmb Bh¿Ø-\-I-Y-bn¬At±lw D√-kn-®p. \K-c-Øn-em-bmepw Xt]m-h-\-Øn-em-bmepw ]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xhpw At\ym\yw Bt«-jn-°p-∂-Xmbn At±lw I≠p.'' Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Pohn-Xm-t«-j-Øns‚ mK-am-bn-cp-∂p B ]Ir-Xn-t_m[w. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-ku-µ-cy-im-kvX-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ Bcm-bp-∂-h¿ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ h\-c-Yy-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Xt]m-h-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-amWv XpS-tß-≠-Xv.

ÿe-Øn-s‚bpw bmX-I-fp-sSbpw Iem-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂p Imfn-Zm-k≥. At±lw k©m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm-sb∂v \ap-°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. F∂m¬ Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ q`m-K-Zr-iy-ßfpw ÿe-]-cm-a¿i-ßfpw bmXn-I-\mb Hcp Ihn-bpsS hnZq-c-Zriyw kΩm-\n-°p-∂p. cLp-hw-i-Øn¬ cLp-hns‚ ssPX-bmX hnh-cn-°p-tºmƒC¥y-bpsS ]mNo-\-am-sbmcp q]-S-amWv Imfn-Zm-k≥ \n¿an-°p-∂-Xv. ]mc-koIw apX¬tIcfw hsc-bp≈ ]tZ-i-ßƒ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ hm°n¬ sXfn-bp-∂p. tIc-fsØ cLpIog-S-°n-b-Xmtbm ChnsS FØn-b-Xmtbm Imfn-Zm-k≥ ]d-bp-∂n-√. ]S-tbm´w I≠p-t]-Sn®v AWn-s™m-cp-ß¬ Dt]-£n® tIcf kvXoI-fpsS Ipdp-\n-c-I-fn¬ ssk\ywDb¿Ønb s]mSn-sIm≠p cLp K‘-Nq¿Ww Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp-sh-∂mWv Imfn-Zm-k-hmIyw (`tbmXvkrjvS hn`q-jmWmw tX tIc-ftbm jnXmw/Af-tIjp Nap-tc-Wp-›q¿W ]Xn-\n-[o-Ir-Xx). AWn-s™m-cp-ßmsX ]S-tbm´w ImWm≥ sN∂p-\n∂



kvXoI-sf-∏-‰n-bmWp Imfn-Zm-k≥ hnh-cn-®-sX∂v Ipń-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv ]d-™n- p-≠v.Bdp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ssk\y-hp-ambn ZnKvhnP-b-Øn\p ]pd-s∏´ cLp Hcp C¥ysbIs≠-Ø¬/Iog-S-°¬ BWp \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Ing-t°m´p ]pd-s∏´v IS¬°-c-bn-se-Ønb cLp kplvatZi cmPm-°-∑m-scbpw (C∂sØ aym≥am¿ BsW∂p hymJym-\-ap-≠v) \mhn-I-∏-S-bn¬ Al-¶-cn-®n-cp∂ hwK-tZ-i-]-`p-°-sfbpw Ienw-K-cm-Pm-hn-s\bpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØn. XpS¿∂p sXt°m-´p-Xn-cn® cLp B\-I-fpsS aZ-K‘w\nd™ Imthco \Znbpw ]mfiy-tZ-isØ apØp-hn-f-bp∂ Xma-]¿Wo-\-Znbpw Ipcp-ap-f-Ip-sIm-Sn-I-fn¬ Infn-Iƒ ]d-∂-W-bp∂ ae-b-]¿h-Xhpw IS¬ AI-s∂m-gn™pInS-°p∂ kly\pw aZ-bm-\-s°mºp ]Xn™ XnIq-S-]¿h-Xhpw I≠p, Iog-S-°n.hS-°≥ tZiØv ]mc-ko-bcpw (t]¿jy) lqWcpw (at[y-jy) lnam-e-b-hm-kn-IfpwhS°p Ing°v ]mIvtPym-Xn-j-°mcpw cLp-hn\p Iog-S-ßn. Ahn-`-‡-amb ]ucm-WnI C¥y-bpsS GI-tZ-i-cm-jvSob q]-S-amWv B ZnKvhnPb bmX-bpsS hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS Imfn-Zm-k≥ hc-®-Xv.

hniz-km-ln-Xy-Xm-cm-hen P\.-F-Un-‰¿ ]n.sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥

]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-I

Imfn-Zm-ks\°p-dn-®p≈ alm-∑m-cpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Ømw.

F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿ Imfn-Zm-ks\ D]-an-°p-∂Xv F¥nt\m-SmWv?

lnam-e-bhpw Imfn-Zm-k\pw ka-cm-hp-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb-√m-am-Wv?

$ BIm-iØv A\p-]-a-amb wKn-tbm-sS, Xe-sb-Sp-t∏msS lnam-e-bw. kmln-

Xy-k-Z-n¬ AXpt]mse Imfn-Zm-k≥

$ lnam-e-b-Øn-s‚bpw Imfn-Zm-ks‚bpw ]Y-a-ÿm\w tNmZyw sNø-s∏Sp

∂n√.

$ c≠pw mc-XØns‚ A`n-am-\-ap-Z-I-fmWv.

$ lnam-ebw Imfn-Zmk`mh-\-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-amWv.

$ Ipam-c-kw- -h-Ønse ]Ya]Zyw lnam-e-b-]-ikvXn Imfn-Zm-k-

s\bpw ]i-kvX-\m°n

AkvXyp-Ø-c-kymwZn-in-tZ-h-Xmflm

lnam-e-tbm-\ma \Km-[n-cmP

]q¿hm-]cu hmcn-\n-[o-h-Kmly

ÿnX : ]rYnhym Ch am\-Zfiw

tZh-Xm-flm-hmb lnam-eb]¿hXw qan-bpsS Af-hp-tIm¬/Ac-™m¨t]msec≠p kap-Z-ßfpw sXm´p-sIm≠v hSt° Zn°n¬ ]tim- n-°p-∂p.

ebmfw]Øv

80 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

v Poh-N-cnXkqN-\-Iƒ

v ImfnZmkIrXn-Iƒ

v Imfn-Zm-k-s\-∏‰n Nn¥-I-cpsS \nco-£W-ßƒ

v Imfn-Zm-ks‚ kzm[o\w a‰p -I-hn-I-fn¬

v kz¥-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ/ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ

Bi-bßƒ Ia-s∏-SpØn ]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°pI (hy‡n-K-Xw). Ipń-Iƒ

Xbm-dm-°nb ]`m-j-W-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hmNnIhpw enJn-X-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

hmb-\-°p-dn∏pw ]`m-j-W-ßfpw \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-]-h¿Ø\Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn°mw.

]`m-jWw hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ

v kwt_m-[\

v D]-Iaw

v hnj-bm-h-X-cWw

v Bib]q¿WX

v D]-kw-lmcw

v ]`m-j-W-ssien

v i_vZw, i_vZ-hy-Xnbm\w

v `mjm-an-Ihv

v DNn-X-amb ico-c-`mj

AΩ ˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿

kz¥w Pohn-Xw -kz¥w mj-bnsegpXn ae-bm-f-I-Y-bpsS kp¬Øm-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ ssh°w apl-Ω-Zv_-jo-dns‚ "Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏n¬'\ns∂-SpØ Hcp A\p- -h-I-Y-bmWv AΩ. tZi-kvt\lhpw amXr-kvt\-lhpw Xpey-i‡n-bn¬ \nd-™p-\n-¬°p∂ Cu IY Gsd]i-kvX-am-Wv. _jo-dns‚ hnZym¿Yn Pohn-Xhpw kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ hoc-Km-Y-Ifpw AΩ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ \nco-£-W-ßfpwHm¿Ω-Ifpw F√m-a-S-ßp∂ "AΩ' _jo-dns‚ Bfl-I-Y-bm-bn-Øs∂ hmbn-°mw. AΩ-bpsS IØn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n®v Hm¿a-bn-eqsS AΩ-bn-te°pw Km‘n-Pn-bn-te°pw D∏p-k-Xy-K-l-k-a-c-°m-



esØ A\p- -h-ß-fn-te°pw ]h-ln®v HSp-hn¬ AΩ-bpsS IØn-te-°p-Xs∂ Xncn-s®-Øp∂ A\ym-Zr-i-amb IY\ssien-sIm≠v_jo¿ \sΩ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-∂p. amXm-hns‚bpw amXr-`q-an-bp-sSbpw alØzw Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw kmaq-lnIhpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-amb IS-a-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-ap≈ aqey-t_m[w Dd-∏n-°m≥ CuIY klm-b-I-am-hpw. _jo¿ssienbpsS kØbpw X\n-abpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw A\p- -h-ßsf i‡-amb mj-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-∏-cn-io-en-∏n-°m\pw Cu ]mT-Øns‚ hn\n-abw klm-bn-°pw.

]mTm-h-X-cWw

iocm-as‚ D]-tZiw tI´ e£va-Ws‚ am\-kn-Im-hÿ \Ωƒ I≠p-ht√m. CØ-c-Øn¬ \nßƒ tIm[m-Ip-e-\mb kµ¿`-Øn¬ AΩ ]Xn-I-cn-®-sX-ß-s\-sb∂vIpdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI.

hyXykvX kz`m-h-ap≈ GXm\pw Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

XpS¿∂v _jo-dns‚ ]hrØn-I-tfmSv AΩ ]Xn-I-cn-®-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v ]mT-hm-b-\-bn-eqsS Is≠-Ømw.

Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]mT- m-K-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-I-s´.

hmb-\-th-f-bn¬ Ipń-IfpsS a\-ns\ kv]¿in® IYm-ap-lq¿Ø-ßƒ Ah¿ Ipdn-°-s´.

kqN\-Iƒ

$ _jo-dns‚ kmaq-lnI]Xn-_-≤X

$ _jo-dns‚ A\p- -h-ßƒ

˛ hnZym-ebw

˛ hoSv

˛ sdbn¬th-tÃ-j≥

˛ Pbn¬

˛ tIm¨Kkv Hmôkv

˛ s]mXp-thZn

˛ Km‘n-bpsS ap∂n¬

_jo-dns‚ AΩ

GXm\pw aplq¿Ø-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb IYmaplq¿ØsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n IY-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp eLpN¿®-bm-hmw.

˛ _jo¿ F∂ hnZym¿Yn

˛ _jo¿ F∂ cmPy-kvt\ln

˛ _jo¿ F∂ aI≥

ebmfw]Øv

82 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Rm\mWv IY; Rms\-gp-Xp-∂Xp mj-bpw. CsXm-cm-flm-`n-am-\-am-Wv. Al-¥-bm-sW∂p \nßƒ°p ]d-bmw. ]t£, _jo-dns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ X\n-t°‰ \J-∏m-Sp-I-fmWv kvt\lw. X\n-°p-In-ńb Nhn´pw sXmgn-bp-amWv kzmX-¥y-k-a-cw. Xm\-e-™-\m-Sp-I-fm-WvtemIw. Xs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS kmI-ey-amWv XØz-Nn-¥. _jo¿ Ncn-XsØ Xs∂-s°m-≠-f-°p-∂p. IrXn-Iƒ sIm≠-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. DW¿∂p Pohn-°p∂Hcp Iem-Im-cs‚ Bfl-I-Y-bmWv NcnXw ...

Fw. F≥ hnP-b≥Ah-Xm-cnI˛ _jo¿

kºq¿W- Ir-Xn-Iƒ

˛ Cu \nco-£Ww IYm-hm-b-\-bpsS tImUo-I-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

A\p-`-h-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-Iƒ

Ae-®n-ens‚ Ncn-X-amWv _jo-dns‚ Ie. Ae-™n-s√-¶n¬ _jo-dn-√. Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°mńs‚ bmX-Iƒ t]mse-b-√. AXn-s\ms° IrXy-amb Bkq-X-Whpw e£yhpw k÷o-I-c-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ _jo¿ Pohn-X-Øns‚ bmZr-—n-I-X-I-fn-eq-sS, hnkva-b-ß-fn-eqsS Fsß-∂n-√msX \S-∂p-t]m-bn.th -\mb t]mse PohnXw At±-l-Øn\v ]n∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n.Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb-sc-t∏mse Ae-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ Ah-[q-XØzw _jo-dn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ae--bm-f-Øn¬ as‰mcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw km[n-°mØ hn[-Øn¬_jo¿ Pohn-XsØ Dgp-Xp-a-dn-®p. Syqj≥ amÃ¿, ssIt\m- -°m-c≥, IW-°-∏n-≈, acp-∂p-hn¬∏-\-°m-c≥, eqw^n-‰¿, an¬sØm-gn-em-fn, Jem-kn, tK‰v Io∏¿, kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n, oI-c-hm-Zn, £pc-I≥, bmN-I≥, ]mN-I-°m-c≥, ]X-hn¬∏-\-°m-c≥, ]Xm-[n-]¿, KpkvXn-°m-c≥, amPn-°vIm-cs‚ in¶n-Sn, kvt]m¿Svkv km[-\-ß-fpsS GP‚ v, Smh-enMv GP‚ v, k∂ym-kn, kq^n, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, tlm´¬ sXmgn-emfn F∂n-ßs\ Fs¥¥v sshhn-[y-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv _jo¿ IS∂pt]mbXv! Cu \m\mXzw _jo-dns‚ A\p- -h-tem-I-sØbpw cN\mtemI-sØbpw kar-≤-am-°n.

a\p-jy-hm-k-an-√mØ acp-`q-an-I-fnepw ae-I-fnepw Kpl-I-fnepwIS¬°-c-I-fnepw \nemhv \nd™ s]cp-h-gn-bnepw FØpw]nSnbpw In´mØ A\p- -h-ßƒ X\n-°p-≠m-bn- p-s≠∂v _jo¿Fgp-Xn.

Hcp Znhkw Xm≥ bmN-I-\mbn Pohn-®p-sh∂v _jo¿ Fgp-Xn.£pc-I-\mbn Pohn® Ime-Øns‚ Hm¿a-Iƒ _jo¿ Hcp teJ-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. D∏pkXy-K-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØv IÆq¿



sk≥S¬ Pbn-en¬ Ign-bp∂ Ime-am-Wv. _jo¿ Fgp-Xp∂p:""Rm≥ A∂v Pbn-en¬ apgp-h≥ \S-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p Rm≥hfsc Xnc-°p≈ Hcp _m¿_¿ Bbn-cp-∂p... IÆq¿ sk≥S¬Pbn-en¬ h®v Rm≥ ap≥sNm∂ alm-£p-c-Is‚ injy-\m-bn.At±lw F\n°v IXn-Ibpw No∏pw _jpw IØn-bpw I√p-sams° X∂p. Rm≥ ]pXnb sNc-∏n-bm-bn. Rm≥ Hcp-]mSv al-Øp-°-fpsS Xe-Iƒ icn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. an°Xpw lnµp-°-fp-tS-Xm-Wv. Ah-cmWv F\n°v IqSp-X¬ t]m’m-l\w X∂-Xv.''

_jo-dns‚ cN-\-I-fnse A\p- -h-ßsf \mep-L- -ß-fmbn hn -Pn-°mw. Ipń-°m-e-Øn-te-bpw cmjvSobIme-Øn-tebpw k©m-c-Im-e-Øn-tebpw IpSpw-_-Po-hnX Ime-Øn-tebpw A\p-`-h-ßsfsht∆sd hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. _mey-Im-e-k-Jn, ]mØp-Ωm-bpsS BSvXpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fn¬ _jo-dns‚ Ipń-°me Hm¿a-Ifp≠v.

B\-∏p-S, A⁄m-X-amb mhn-bn-te°v XpS-ßnb IY-I-fnepw _mey-Imew D≠v. kzm-X¥yka-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xn-s‚bpw Pbn-en¬InS-∂-Xn-s‚bpw \nc-h[n A\p- -h-ßƒ _jo¿IrXn-I-fn¬ hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. "Fs‚ he-XpssI' F∂ IY-bn¬ Pbn-en¬ Ign-bp∂ ImesØ s]m≈p∂ Hcp Hm¿a-bmWp≈-Xv. Km‘n-PnsbsXm´ A\p- hw "AΩ-'bn-ep-≠v. ssSK¿, t]meokpIm-cs‚ aIƒ,CSn-b≥ ]Wn-°¿ XpS-ßnb IY-Iƒ sIm√w Ik_ tÃj-\nsetem°-∏n¬ InS-s∂-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. "aXn-ep-Iƒ' Pbn-ens‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ t\mh-em-Wv.

Km‘nPn acn-®t∏mƒ tdUn-tbm-hn¬ s\lvdp-hns‚ ]kwKwtIƒ°m≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-f-tØ°v HmSn-t∏m-b-Xns‚ NcnXw "Fs‚heXpssI' F∂ IY-bn-ep-≠v. h’-cm-P-\n¬ _jo¿ Fgp-Xn˛:

""]≠v bphm-hm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Rm≥ ssh°w Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ s]‰-Ω-bpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂v Hcp •mkvsh≈w hmßn-°p-Sn-®n v BtcmSpw H∂pw ]d-bmsX hoń¬ \n∂vHfn-t®m-Sn. hnZq-c-amb tImgn-t°m´p h∂v D∏pkXym-K-l-Øn¬ ]¶psIm≠v _nójv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ \n›nX \nbaw ewLn®vcmjvSobka-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-sIm≠v ASnbpw CSnbpw hmßnPbn¬in£ A\p- -hn-®p.''

IÆq¿ Pbn-en¬ _jo¿ Ign-bp∂ Ime-ØmWv `KXvknßns\Xq°n-s°m-√p-∂-Xv. Km‘n-Pn-bpsS kl-\-k-a-c-am¿K-Øn¬hnizmkw \jvS-s∏´ _jo¿ Pbn¬tamNn-X-\m-b-tijw Fd-Wm-Ip-f-sØ-Øn. hm\-c-tk\ F∂ t]cn¬ òIckwLw cq]o-I-cn-®p. "D÷o-h\w hmcnI' \S-Øn. A°m-eØv AdÃv hmd≠v D≠m-b-t∏mƒ tIcfw hn´p. \o≠ ImesØ bmX-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. DØ-tc-¥y-bnse an° \K-c-ß-fnepw _jo¿ Xma-kn-®p. hnP-\-amb acp- q-an-I-fn-eqsS Ae-™p. I∏¬ tPmen-°m-c-\mbn B^n-°-bp-sS-bpw Atd-_y-bp-sSbpw Xoc-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-®p.

ebmfw]Øv

84 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

knbm¬tImń¬ kvt]m¿Svkv km[-\-ß-fpsS GP‚mbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv _jo¿ \mń-te°v Xncn®phcp∂Xv. ]ns∂ Fgp-Øn¬ kPo-h-am-bn. A\p-`-h-Øns‚ \memw L´w "sk¬^n-®n-Iƒ' F∂ IpSpw-_-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂p XpS-ßp-∂p. kz¿W-am-e, X¶-tam-Xncw XpS-ßnb IY-I-fnepw ]mØp-Ωm-bpsS BSv, am¥n-I-∏q®XpS-ßnb t\mh-ep-I-fnepw bmX-I-f-h-km-\n-∏n®v IpSpw_Pohn-X-Øn¬ _≤-\mb _jo-dm-Wp-≈-Xv.

_jo-dns\ A\p-I-cn-°m≥ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ B¿°p-am-bn- n-√. ]t£,_jo¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv t\m°p-I: Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≈amXncn IY-Iƒ B¿°pw ]bmkw IqSmsX Fgp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm--W-t√m... AXn\vhenb _p≤nbpw mh-\bpw Adnhpw H∂pw Bh-iy-an-√. NpΩmFhn-sS--sb-¶nepw IpØn-bn-cp∂v Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn. A\p- -h-ßƒ®ncn-∏n-Sn-tbm-f-ap-≠-t√m. AsX√mw Im®n-bm¬ aXn.''

AsX, A\p-`-h-ß-fmWv ][m-\w. _jo-dns‚ t]\ _jo-dns‚A\p- -h-ßƒ Xs∂. B A\p- -hm-Jym-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Fw.F≥.hnP-b≥ ]d-™-t]mse A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS FX h≥I-c-I-fmWvs]mßn-h-∂Xv!

Aw_nImkpX≥ amßmSv

AΩ-sb-∏‰n Jeo¬Pn-_m≥

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ Np≠n¬ hnf-ßp∂G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb ]Z-amWv AΩG‰hpw tNtXm-l-c-amb hnfn-bm-Is´, AtΩ F∂p-≈-Xpw.kvt\lhpw ]Xym-ibpw \nd™p\n¬°p∂ Hcp ]Z-am-WXvZpxJØn¬ km¥z-\-am-WΩZpcnXØnse ]Xym-ibpw Zu¿_-ey-Øn¬ Icp-Øp-am-W-hƒ

]Ir-Xn-bnse Hmtcm∂pwAΩ-bpsS mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂pkqcy≥ qan-bpsS AΩ-bm-Wv.`qan-°Xv lrZbw sIm≠p t]mjWw \¬Ip-∂p.

`qan ac-ß-fp-sSbpw ]q°-fp-sSbpw AΩ-bmWv`qan Ahsc krjvSn-°p∂p ]cn-]m-en®p hf¿Øp-∂p.

AXn-\p-tijwkzX-¥-cm-°p∂p.ac-ßfpw ]q°-fp-am-I-s´, e-ß-fp-sSbpw hnØp-I-fp-sSbpwIcp-Wm-a-bn-I-fmb AΩ-am-cm-Ip-∂p.AΩ ka-kvX- A-kvXn-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw BZn-cq-]-amWvkuµ-cyhpw kvt\lhpw \nd™ A\¥ssNX-\y-am-W-Ω.



Fs‚ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ tI v HmSn-sbØn BZy-ambn Bt«-jn-®m-iz-kn-∏n-®Xv Bcm-Wv...! Hc-Zr-iy-i-‡n-bpsS A¥-t›m-Z-\-bm¬ Hcp Dev_-ambn DS-se-SpØ Fs∂K¿`-`m-c`cW t¢i-ßƒ hI-sh-°msX hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂v Cu hniz-cw-K-Øn-te-s°-Øn® amXr-Xz-Øns‚ apºn¬ Fs‚ kmjvSmw-K-]-Wm-aw.

Fs‚ Bbp-n\pw tib-n\pw kzXzw ad∂v ipiq-jn®p hf¿Øn-b-X-h-cm-Wv.A—≥, AΩ, Im°, ]q® Cßs\ Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw Nq≠n-°mń Cu hnkvXrX]]-©sØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂-X-h-cm-Wv. ipjvIß-fmb sshZnI Inb-IƒsIm≠p hmSn-Ø-f¿s∂-Øp-tºmƒ kvt\lm¿Z-amb ]p©n-cn-XqIn Ipfp¿∏n-®-X-h-cm-Wv. AΩ!

hn.Sn. -Xn-cn-∏mSv I¿Ω-hn-]mIw (Bfl-I-Y)

1892 \hw-_¿ 2\v kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ Bfl-kp-lr-Ømb tJXn alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-gp-Xnb IØn¬ \n∂v Nne hcn-Iƒ:

""... Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønse hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp Imcyw Xncp-a-\-ns\ Adn-bn-°m≥ th≠n-bmWv C∂v Rm\o IsØ-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. Aß-bpsS apºn¬ Fs‚ a\vXpd-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°p eh-teiw e÷-bn-√. hen-sbmcp ]m]-t_m[w Fs‚ a\-ns\ kZm \o‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu temIsØ tkhn-°m-\mbn Rm≥ Fs‚s]‰-Ωsb Ah-K-Wn-®p. F\n°v AΩsb Ipd-®p-Im-e-sa-¶nepw tkhn-°p-Ibpwipiq-jn-°p-Ibpw thWw. AXmWv Fs‚ Ah-km-\sØ BK-lw. F\n°v Fs‚AΩ-bpsS IqsS Xma-kn-°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv Hcp sN‰-∏p-c-bn-em-Wv. sNdp-sX-¶nepw am\y-amb Hcp hoSv Ah¿°p-th≠n ]Wn-b-W-sa∂v Rm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p. AXn-\mbn Rm≥ Aß-tbmSv At]-£n-°-s´...''

hnth-Im-\µ kmln-Xy-k¿hkzw- -I-Øp-Iƒ

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

Bibw kwK-ln-°pI

Pn_ms‚ Ihn-X, hn.Sn.-bpsS Ipdn-∏v, hnth-Im-\-µs‚ IØv Ch-bn-te-sX-¶nepw H∂vA[ym-]nI ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hmb-\-bn-eqsS Bibw Is≠-Øp-∂p. DNn-X-ambtNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn®v A[ym-]nI N¿® \bn-°p-∂p.

$ Bsc-°p-dn-®mWv ChnsS hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv?

$ Ihn-bpsS/aIs‚ F¥p- a-t\m- m-h-am-Wn-hnsS sXfn-bp-∂-Xv?

$ kam-\-amb Nn¥-Iƒ _jo-dnepw Is≠-Øm-\m-hp-tam?

$ IY-bpsS Bcw- hpw Ah-km-\hpw Fß-s\-bm-Wv?

$ IY-bpsS io¿jIw F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv?

ebmfw]Øv

86 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Ipń-I-fpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ A[ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-sb-°p-dn-®mWv hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv.

$ AΩ-tbm-Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sv, amXr-Xz-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ hn\o-X-cm-hp∂p.

$ _jo¿ AΩsb AKm-[-ambn BZ-cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-bpsS Fgp-Øn¬ XpSßn AΩ-bpsS Fgp-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ IY.

$ IY AΩ-X-s∂-bm-Wv. amXmhpw amXr- q-anbpw io¿j-Ihpw AΩ Xs∂.

XpS¿∂v _jo¿ Xs‚ AΩ-bn¬ Is≠-Ønb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ipdn-°mw.

$ Zmln-®p-tam-ln-®p-≠mb k¥m-\sØ hf¿Øn- h-ep-Xm-°p-∂p.

$ ImWm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. ASp-Øp-≠m-hm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p.

$ hymI-c-Wtam hSnthm C√mØ Fgp-Øv, s]mXp-Im-cy-ß-fnse A⁄X.

$ `£-W-sam-cp°n Dd-ßmsX ImØn-cn-°p∂ cmXn-Iƒ.

$ `mc-X-Øn-se-ßp-ap≈ AΩ-am-cpsS s]mXp-a-\-v.

Ipń-I-fpsS Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ssIamdn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. IqSp-X¬ \nco-£-W-ßƒ tN¿Øvsa®-s∏-SpØs´. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

IYm-hn-i-I-e\w Xbm-dm-°pI

A[ym-]nI IY-bnse Nne hmIy-ßƒ Ipń-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ ""AhnsS \ns‚ Bcm D≈Xv?'' At±lw \o≠p-\n-h¿∂v "]S-]tSm'∂v Hcm-

sdÆw Fs‚ ssIsh-≈-bn¬. ""C\n-t]m-I-cpXv! a\-n-em-tbmSm?''

$ A∂p Rßƒ°v Blmcw Inń-bn-√. cmXn-`-b-¶-c-amb XWp-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.

InS-°m≥ ]mb D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]nt‰-Zn-hkw Ime-sØ-gp-t∂-‰-t∏mƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw apJw \ocp-sIń hoßn-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ°p Xosc \S-°m≥høm-bn-cp-∂p.

$ ""\nß-fmtWm kXy-Kln?'' F∂n v Km‘n-Pn-bpsS ]√p-t]mb IY ]d-™p-

tIƒ∏n-®p.

$ Rm≥ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. Rm≥ BsI hnßn-s∏mń. temI-sa√mw Dd-ßn-°n-

S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Fs‚ amXm-hp-amXw Dd-°-an-f-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu kµ¿ -ß-fn¬ \n∂v a\-n-em-hp-∂Xv Fs¥-√m-am-Wv?

˛ _jo-dns‚ A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wn-h.

˛ imco-cn-I-amb ]oUm-\p- -h-ßƒ kln-°p-∂p.

˛ AΩ-sb-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv am\-kn-I-ambn \odp-∂p.

˛ BZ¿i-ip≤n tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ \nan-j-ßƒ



˛ kXy-k-‘-amb BJym-\w, Ae-¶m-c-an-√mØ mj. lrZ-b-Øn¬sXmSp∂ hm°p-Iƒ.

N¿®-bn-eqsS Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒ A[ym-]nI- tIm-Uo-I-cn-°p-∂p.XpS¿∂v "_mey-Im-e-k-Jn'sb∏‰n Fw.]n. t]mƒ \S-Ønb ]kn-≤-amb \nco-£Ww]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p.

""CXv Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p No¥n-sb-SpØ Htc-SmWv; h°n¬ tNmc- s]m-Sn-™n-cn-°p∂p.''

Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p No¥n-sb-Sp-ØXv ˛ Pohn-X-Ønse A\p- -h-ßƒ

h°n¬ tNmc-s]mSn™n-cn-°p∂p ˛ thZ-\m-I-c-amb A\p- -h-ßƒ

˛ ]®-bmb BJym\w

Cu hnti-j-W-ßƒ _jo-dns‚ "AΩ' F∂ IYbv°p tbmPn-°ptam?

˛ IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°p-I.

Xbm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cpØn sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb cN-\-Iƒ t]m¿ vt^mfn-tbmbn-te°v.

at\m- mhw Ipdn-°pI

IYm-k-µ¿`w ¢mkn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.

(""Fs∂ ]k-hn® ..... ]Xo-£n-°p-∂n√'')

IYm-hm-b-\-bn¬ \n∂p e`n® Bi-b-ßƒ h®v Ipń-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

kqN-\Iƒ:-˛

˛ AΩ-tbm-Sp≈ _‘w.

˛ kzmX-¥yk-a-c-Øns‚ XohX.

˛ _jo-dns‚ cmPy-kvt\lw.

˛ IpSpw__‘-ß-sf-°mƒ i‡-amb cmPy-kvt\lw.

˛ kzmX¥yka-c-tk-\m-\n-I-fpsS XymtKm-÷z-e-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

˛

˛

kqN-\I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ N¿®.

hoSv F∂ CØn-cn-h-´-Øn¬\n∂v \mSv F∂ hnim-e-X-bn-te°p a\p hf-cp-tºm-gmWv ]nd∂ \mSns\ s]‰-Ω-sb-t∏mse ImWm-\m-hp-∂-Xv. hońse ]bm-k-ßƒa°-fmWv ]cn-l-cn-t°-≠-Xv. \mSns‚ ZpcnXw Xo¿°m-\p≈ ISa AtX Af-hn¬X\n-°p≠v F∂ Nn¥-bmWv _jo-dns‚ tZi-kvt\-lw.

$ AΩ-sb-t∏mse mc-Xhpw Xs∂ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-s≠∂ _jo-dns‚ hm°p-

I-fn¬ sXfn-bp∂ at\m- mhw Ipdn-°p-I.

ebmfw]Øv

88 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

N¿®-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ Ipdn-∏m-°-s´.

Ah-X-cWw/sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

Ipń-Iƒ hmbn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

$ Km‘n-Pnsb hmbn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Nn¥-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-°p-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-sb kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bthiw.

$ Km‘n-Pn-sb sXm -dn-bp-∂p.

$ Bi-a-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂p, JZ¿ [cn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩ-tbmSv Km‘n-Pn-sb-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS Zfin-k-a-c-]-Jym-]\w tI v Bth-i-apƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

$ hoSp-hn- n-dßn D∏p-k-Xy-K-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

$ \ncm-lm-c-k-a-cw, kXym-K-l-k-acw F∂o Km‘n-b≥ ka-c-]mXIƒ kzoI-

cn-°p-∂p.

$ lnwk Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xbm-dm-hp-∂p.

$ Km‘n-Pn-tbm-Sp≈ Bcm-[\ _jo-dns‚ Pohn-XsØ Fß-s\-sb√mw kzm[o-

\n®p F∂v Cu N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ \nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v Xbmdm°p-I.

N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Ipdn∏pw \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI

""Aßs\ Rm\pw t]mbn. BtcmSpw tNmZn-°m-sX, hnZym- ymkw Dt]-£n®v tImgn-t°m-t´°p t]mbn. A∂p k‘ybv°v Fs‚ AΩ ASp-°-f-bn¬ Blmcw ]mIwsNbvI-bm-bn-cp∂p. AΩ H∂pw Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√. Rm≥ AΩ-tbmSv Hcp •mkv sh≈wAh-km-\-ambn hmßn-°p-Sn®v DΩmsb H∂p t\m°n-bn v Cdßn \S∂p.''

A[ym-]nI Cu hcn-I-fn-te°p Ipń-I-fpsS i≤ £Wn-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS N¿® \bn-°p-∂p.

$ hoSp- hn- n-d-ßm≥ _jo-dns\ t]cn-∏n-®-sX-¥mWv?

$ hońse kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßƒ ]pdØp In´p-∂pt≠m?

$ Cu Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-tºmƒ _jo-dns‚ ]mbw FX-bm-bn-cp-∂p?

$ Cu ]mb-Ønse Ipń-Iƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂-sX-¥m-bn-cn°pw?

$ _jo¿ A∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ amXr-Im-]-c-am-bmtWm ]h¿Øn-®Xv?



Ipń-I-fpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ A[ym-]nI DNn-X-ambn tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ tZiobt_m[-amWv _jo-dns\ hoSp-hn- n-d-ßm≥ t]cn-∏n-®-Xv.

$ ap≈p-\n-d™ ka-c-]mX kzb-a-dn™p kzoI-cn-®p.

$ _jo¿ P\n-®Xv 1908˛¬. D∏p-k-XyKlw \S-°p-∂Xv 1930˛¬.

$ hy‡n-]-c-amb kpJ-em- -ß-fmWv Iuam-c-°m¿ tXSp-∂-Xv.

$ hnZym¿Yn kmaq-lnI-t_m-[-ap≈h\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. kmaq-lnI]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw

]Xn-I-cW k∂-≤-Xbpw \√ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS e£-W-ß-fm-Wv.

$ tZio-b-]-ÿm-\-Im-eØv kmaq-lnIkml-N-cy-ß-tfmSv i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-

cn-°p∂ Hcp hnZym¿Yn-bm-bn-cp∂p _jo¿. Cu ]kvXm-h\ hne-bn-cpØnIpdn∏v Xbm-dm-°pI.

N¿®-bn-eqsS cq]-s∏´ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´. Ah-X-cWw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ

$ ]kk]-c-amb HXp-°w ImWp-∂p≠v

$ IY-bnse kµ¿ -ßƒ DZm-l-cn-®n- p-≠v.

$ A\p- -h-ß-fpsS Xo£vWX, BJym-\-Øns‚ AIr-Xn-aXzw F∂nh N¿®sNbvXn- p-≠v.

$ Bap-Jhpw kz¥w \nco-£-Whpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

$ `mjm-]-c-amb HXp°w ImWp-∂p-≠v.

]tbm-K-k-hn-ti-jX Is≠-Øp-I.

`mj-bpsS hmsam-gn-®-¥hpw \m´p-sam-gn-bpsS AIr-Xn-a-]m-ho-Wyhpw _jo¿°-Y-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z-I-fm-Wv. IY-sb-gp-Xp-I-b-√, IY-]-d-bp-I-bm-W-t±-lw. AwK-hn-t£-]-ßƒ, mh-lm-hm-Zn-Iƒ, i_vZ-I-ao-I-c-W-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ hN-\- m-j-bpsS emhWyLS-I-ß-sf√mw At±-l-Øns‚ Fgp-Ønepw Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Bi-b-ßsf kqN-I-i_vZw sIm≠p hnh-cn-°p∂ mjm-X¥w t\m°mw. hmsam-gn-bn-emWv Ch IqSp-X-embn°mWp-∂-Xv.

"InWn-InWn' F∂ i_vZw tI´m¬ "ssk°nƒ' F∂ Bibw \ap-°p-≠m-Ipw.

ac-Øn¬ Ib-dn-b-h≥ Xmsg hogp-∂Xv "]nXpt°m'∂p hoWp.

ssIbnen-cp∂ ]mXw \ne-Øp-hoWp "]tSm'∂p hoWp.

shSn-s]m- p∂ i_vZw tT, tT F∂p s]mń.

IY-I-fn-°m-c≥ AXn-thKw ]pcnIw Cf°n Du¿¿¿\v\v ]pcnIw Cf°n.

Hcp kw`m-jW kµ¿`w t\m°mw:

KmbXn IpSp-Ip-Sm∂v hnb¿Øp F∂t√ ]d-™-Xv...?

AtX..!

ebmfw]Øv

90 tIcf]m-Tm-hen

Ah-fpsS Xe-apSn ]d-]-dm∂v ]d-°p-I-bp-am-Wv.

AXp Rm≥ HmSn-bn- m...

C\n Ct∏m Chn-sS-°n-S∂v Iem-]n-em∂v _lfw hbv°pw. At√...?

Ah-fpsS apJw XpSpXpSm∂v Npa-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

(Ah-ew_w: mjm-tIfn : Sn.sI. ANyp-X≥)

IpSp-Ip-Sm, ]d-]-dm, Ie-]n-em, XpSp-XpSm apX-emb i_vZ-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw Bi-b-ßsf angn-thmsS hnh-cn-°m≥ hmsamgn mj-bn¬ kuI-cy-ß-fp-≠v. FgpØp mjbnepw Cu km[yX _jo¿ ]co-£n-°p-∂p.

$ akn-en\p _e-an-√, ]nfp-]n-fp∏v.

$ ]S-]-tSm∂v Hcm-sdÆw Fs‚ ssIsh-≈-bn¬.

CØcw ]tbm-K-ßƒ BJym\ssiensb BI¿j-I-am-°p∂sXß-s\....?

˛ hmb-\-°m-cn¬ A\p- -h-th-ZyX h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]hr-Øn-tbmSv kmayw-]p-e¿Øp∂ Nne-i-_vZ-ßƒ mj-bn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. CXv hmb-\-°m-cn¬ IuXpIwBkzm-Zr-Xbpw h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v ]h¿Ø\w

iyma taLta, \osb≥.... t]a-Zq-Xp-ambvZqsc t]mbv hcq....

NnXw ka-b-am-bn-√-t]mepw cN\ H.F≥.hn. Ipdp∏v

(Imfn-Zm-ks‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]tNm-Z-\-apƒs°m≠v cNn® Km\-ßfpw\¬Im-hp-∂-XmWv).

kn\n-am-Km\w ¢n∏n≥ tIƒ∏n-°p∂p. ]mńse Bibw Imfn-Zm-ks‚ GXpIrXn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p F∂p Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Fgp-Ø-—s\gp-Xp-tºmƒ, F∂ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥Ihn-X-bnse mK-ßfpw ¢mkn¬\¬Im-hp-∂-XmW.v XpS¿∂v N¿®-bm-Imw.

kqN\-Iƒ

Imfn-Zm-k-s‚bpw Fgp-Ø-—-s‚bpw cN-\-Iƒ kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Ie-Iƒ°pwC∂pw ]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip-∂p.

$ al-Ømb kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂p.

$ Imfn-ZmkIrXn-I-fpsS km¿h-Xn-I-amb AwKo-Imcw.

Fgp-Ø-—≥

˛ `mjbv°p \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

˛ XØz-Nn¥

˛ aqey-t_m-[\w

˛

˛

N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—-s‚bpw Imfn-Zm-k-s‚bpw IrXn-Iƒ hne-bn-cpØn D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

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sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

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$ Xmfw Is≠-Øp-∂p.$ Bkzm-Z\tijn sa®-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂p.$ `mjm-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS khn-

ti-jX Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ PohnXw \iz-c-amWv$ Np´p-]-gpØ teml-Øn¬

hoW-Øp-≈n-t]mse £W-`w-Kp-c-amWv Pohn-Xw.

$ Alw tZl-am-sW∂ Nn¥A⁄-X-bm-Wv.

$ tIm[-amWv \mi-Øn\pImc-Ww.

$ \Zn-bn¬ Hgp-Ip∂ ImjvTwt]mse ]]-©-_‘wAÿn-c-am-Wv.

]h¿Ø-\-k-abw : 24 ]ncoUv kabw 20 aWn-°q¿

bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬]T-\sØfn-hp-Iƒ

(hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ßƒ/]I-Sn-X-cq-]-ßƒ)

]T-\-t\-´-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-ß ƒ

1 `mjm-hr-Ø-ß-fpsSkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v Ihn-X-Iƒ hmbn-°p-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

2. a[y-Im-e-L-´-ØnseImhy-`m-K-ßƒ hmbn®vAh-bnse kmaq-lnI]›m-Ø-ew, PohnXho£-Ww, mj F∂nh]d™pw Fgp-XnbpwAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

• e£vaWkm¥z\w

$ e£vaWkm¥z\w

• CuWw Is≠-Ø¬sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°¬

$ Is≠-Ø¬

$ hni-I-e\w sNø¬

$ Imen-I-]-k‡nIs≠-Ø¬

$ Ae-¶mcw Is≠-Øp-∂p.

˛ CuWw Is≠-Ø¬

˛ Xmfw˛ Bi-b-hy-‡X˛ `mhw˛ ]¶m-fnØw˛ A£-c-ip≤n

- `mj

˛ ]tbmK khn-ti-jX

˛ A]-K-Y\ tijn

˛ \nco-£W ]mShw

˛ `mjm-ssien˛ Ah-X-cW anIhv˛ Na¬Imc wKn˛ hni-I-e-\-]m-Shw

• CuWw

• `mh-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-ambCuWwIs≠Øns®m√p-∂p.

$ Ipdn∏v

$ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Ipdn∏v

$ \hni-I-e\Ipdn∏v

ebmfw

]Ø

v

92tIcf]m-Tm-hen

• Ipdn∏v

$ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

$ Xbm-dm-°nb]kwKw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

$ Inbm-\m-a-ßƒIs≠Øn Fgp-Xp∂p


bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• Imfn-Zm-k≥

$ Imfn-Zm-k≥

$ Imfn-Zm-k≥

$ Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Imhy-`m-h-\°v khn-tij kuµ-cy-ap≠v.

$ ImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°p∂aqeyhpw Akm-[m-c-W-ambcN-\m-ssh-`-hhpw D≠v

$ G‰hpw henb ]¿h-X-amblnam-ebw t]mse G‰hpwalm-\mb Ihn-bmWv Imfn-Zm-k-≥.

$ ]`m-jWØneqsS bp‡n-k-l-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

$ Inb-I-fn¬ \n∂p cq]-s∏´\ma-]-Z-ßƒ BWv IrØvAYh Inbm-\maw F∂vXncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

• Is≠Øn Fgp-Xp-∂p.

$ N¿® ka¿∞n-°¬

$ hnh-cn-°¬$ hmNnI Bhn-

jv°mcw

$ khn-ti-j-]-tbm-K-ßƒ

$ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

$ IrØp-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

$ ]Z-ßƒ hnK-ln-°¬

˛ Ah-X-c-W-coXn˛ DNn-X-amb mj˛ A]-K-Y\ tijn˛ \nco-£W ]mShw˛ `mjm-ssien˛ Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv

˛ A`n-kw-t_m-[\˛ BapJw˛ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ˛ `mj-bpsS Hgp°v˛ D®m-cW kv pSX˛ ico-c- mj˛ i_vZ-hn-\ymkw

˛ hmIy-k-µ¿`-ß-fn¬icn-bmb ]tbmKw\S-Øp-∂p.

$ teJ-\w, \ncq-]WwF∂nh hmbn®v Ah-bnse D≈-S-°w, cN-\m-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ, mj, \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh hni-I-e\w sNbvXv cN-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

$ hyXykvX hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™vBi-b-ßƒAhbv°pNn-X-ambnAh-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Inb-bn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂ \ma-]-Z-ßƒ]mT- m-KØp \n∂pIs≠Øn Ah-bpsSkhn-ti-j-X-IƒN¿® sNøp-∂p. IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-cWwtiJ-cn-°p-∂p.

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bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• AΩ

$ Imfn-Zm-k≥Fgp-Ø-—≥

$ e£vaWkm¥z\w

$ _jo-dns‚ hnZym¿∞nPohn-Xhpw kzmX-¥-k-achoc-Km-Y-Ifpw AΩ-sb-°p-dn--®p≈ \nco-£-W-ßfpwIpń-Iƒ°v amXr-I-bm-Wv.

$ al-Ømb krjvSn-IƒImesØ AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂-h-bm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

• hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏vXbm-dm-°¬

$ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°¬

˛ \nco-£W ]mShw

˛ `mjm ssien˛ hni-I-e\ tijn

˛ Xe-s°´v˛ BapJw˛ D≈S°w˛ \nK-a-\-ßƒ˛ D]-kw-lmcw˛ Imen-I-]-k‡n

• hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

$ D]-\ymkw

$ hyXykvX Ime-L-´-Ønse IY-Iƒhmbn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS BJym-\-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-IƒXncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpwhnhn[ cN-\-I-fn¬Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-IbpwsNøp-∂p.

$ hnhn[ cN\Iƒhmbn®pw G¿s∏´pwBi-b-k-a-K-X, LS-\, DNn-X-amb mj,]k-‡-amb D≤-cn-Iƒ F∂n-h-tbmsSD]\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

ebmfw]Øv

226 ASn-ÿm\-]m-Tm-hen

kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂p-Zn-°p∂p temIwkvt\l-Øm¬ hr≤n tXSp∂p

˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

kvt\l-Øns‚ al-Øzw ]Io¿Øn-°mØ Ihn-I-fn-√. Imfn-Zm-k\pwBim\pw Pn.bpw D≈q-cp-sa√mw kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn®v Gsd ]mSn-b-h-cm-Wv. kaq-l-Po-hn-bmb a\p-jys‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\m-[mcw Xs∂ kvt\l-_-‘-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI-I-a-am-Wv. Pohn-°p∂ Np‰p-]m-Sn-s\bpw kl-Po-hn-I-sfbpwkvt\ln-°m\pw _lp-am-\n-°m\pw kwc-£n-°m\pw Ncn-Xm-Xo-X-Imew apXtea\p-jy\v km[n-®p. amdn-h∂ kmaq-lnI-km-l-N-cy-ß-fnepw B _‘w Duń-bp-d-∏n-°m\pw t]m÷z-en-∏n-°m\pw a\p-jy\p Ign™p. tKmX-ß-fmbpw Iq´pIpSpw-_-ß-fmbpw AWp-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fmbpw Hs° Pohn-°p-tºmgpw ]c-kv]-c-kvt\-l-Øns‚ IÆn A‰p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ t]mb-Im-eØv Ah¿ ian-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. F√m C√m-bva-I-fnepw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw km¥z-\-Øn-s‚bpw hmXn-ep-Iƒ Ah¿ Xpd-∂p-h-®p.

F∂m¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-etØm? Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw X∂n-te°v Npcp-ßp-Ibpw kz¥w kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßƒ em°m°n ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-fn¬ t]mepw hn≈-ep-Iƒ kw -hn-°p-∂p. F√m kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßfpwHcp _ -W-a¿Øp-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-te°v \h-temIw amdp-tºmƒ, B[p-\n-I-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ IqSpw Iq -hp-an-√msX H‰-s∏´ apdn-I-fn¬ Ahs\ Xf-®n-Sp-tºmƒ am\-hn-I-X-bpsS sh◊ Ah-\n¬\n∂v A\y-am-bn-s°m≠n-cn-°p-∂p.X\n°p Np‰p-ap-≈-hsct∏mepw I≠n´pw ImWmsX Ah≥ Pohn-°p-∂p. \∑,Icp-W, kvt\lw F∂o B¿Z- m-h-ßƒ bm¥n-I-X-bpsS NqSn¬ h‰n-h-c-fp-∂p.a\p-jy-h¿KsØ k¿h-\m-i-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ Cu ]h-W-Xsb ]pXp-X-e-apd Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠Xp≠v. A—-\-Ω-am-scbpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-sfbpw kvt\ln-°m\pwklm-bn-°m-\pw kwc-£n°m\p-ap≈ Hcp a\v Ah-cn¬ cq]-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.kzP-\-sØ-t∏mse Xs∂ kaq-l-sØbpw ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw kvt\ln-°m-\p≈\∑ \nd™ a\-ns‚ DS-a-I-fmbn ]pXp-X-e-apd amtd-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu Hcp ktµiwIpń-I-fn-se-Øn-°pI F∂-XmWv Cu bqWn-‰n-s‚ apJy- e£y-w. ae-bm-f-Ønse]ikvX t\mh-enÃpw IYm-Im-c-\p-amb XIgn inh-i-¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS t\mh¬"c≠n-S-ß-gn-'bnse Hcp `mKw, it≤b IYm-Im-c≥ bp.sI. Ipam-cs‚ "Hmtcmhnfnbpw ImØv' F∂ IY, ka-Im-en-I-I-hn-I-fn¬ ]i-kvX-\mb dô°v Al-Ω-Zns‚ "AΩ-sØm-ń¬' F∂ IhnX F∂nh-bmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

B ap Jw

PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂ thcp-Iƒ

6

PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂ thcp-Iƒ 227227PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂ thcp-Iƒ


PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂ thcp-Iƒ 227

Ihn Un. hn\-b-N-µs‚ "thcp-Iƒ' F∂ Hcp sIm®p-I-Y-bmWv ]th-i-I-ambnsImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. Xe-s°-ńs\ A\z¿Y-am-°m\pw CXc cN-\-I-fpsS ]ta-b-Øn-te°p \bn-°m\pw ]cym-]vX-amb Hcp IY-bmWv CXv.

Ì IY Ipń-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

$ N¿®

XpS¿∂v Nne tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS A[ym-]nI N¿® \bn-°p-∂p.

v IY-bpsS Bibw

v cN-\m-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

v IY Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv

♦ thcp-Ifpw `qanbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w.

♦ _‘-a-‰p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ FX henb hr£hpw ASn-sX-‰n-hogpw.

♦ a\p-jys‚ \ne-\n¬∏v.

♦ A-Ω-tbm-Sp≈/`qan-tbm-Sp≈ Ahs‚ kvt\lw.

♦ C-Xn\v hn≈¬ hogp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.

v H∏w bqWn‰v Xe-s°-ńs‚ ]mY-an-I-N¿®-bn-te°pw t]mImw.

♦ N¿®bn¬ htc-≠h:

♦

]th-iIw

IY-bpsS Xe-s°´v

thcp-Iƒ

PohnXw ]S¿Øp∂ thcp-Iƒ

PohnXw sIń-∏-Sp-°m≥t]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

apt∂m´p \bn-°p-∂Xv. PohnXw ]S¿∂p-]-¥-en-°p-∂Xv.

kvt\lw]c-kv]-c-_‘w Iq´mbva

¨ N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fnØw

¨ Bi-b-ßƒ bp‡n-

bp‡w Ah-X-cn -∏n -°m-

\p≈ Ignhv F∂nh hne-bn-

cp-ØWw.

]c-kv]-c-kvt\-lhpw hnizm-khpw kl-h¿Øn-Xz-hp-amWv Pohn-X-Øn¬ thcp-IƒF∂pw Ah-bmWv Pohn-XsØ IqSp-X¬ ZrVhpw ]hn-X-hp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂XvF∂p N¿® tImUo-I-cn-°mw.

ebmfw]Øv


πmhn-e-°™nXI-gn-bpsS "c≠n-S-ßgn' F∂ t\mh-ense ]Xn-t\gmw A[ym-b-amWv ]mT-`m-Kw.

As°m-√sØ BZy -sh-≈s∏m°w Ign-™p. ]Wnbm-f-cpsS ssIh-i-ap-≈-sX√mwXo¿∂p. Ah¿ HmW-∏-Wn-bn¬ G¿s∏-´p. BZysØ Znhkw I´-IpØp Ign-™-t∏mƒ Iqen-°mbn sN∂h¿°v ap°m¬ cq] Iqen e`n®p. A∂∂sØ AØm-g-Øn\p t]mepw s\√v e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-aqew sImSnb ]ńWn A\p-`-hn-t°≠n h∂tImc-s‚bpw Nncp-X-bp-sSbpw PohnXw hc®pIm´p-I-bmWv Cu `mK-Øn-eqsS IYm-Im-c≥.

c≠n-S-ßgn (t\m-h¬kwK-lw)

ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ kmln-XysØ ]mh-s∏´ a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn-te°vam‰n ]Xn-jvTn® t\mh-en-ÃmWv XI-gn inh-i-¶-c-∏n-≈.

At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ ]kn-≤-amWv "c≠n-S-ß-gn'. CXnse IY \S-°p∂ ÿew Ip´-\m-Sns‚ lrZ-b- `qan-bmb XI-gnbm-Wv. sh≈w sIń-°n-S-°p∂ s\¬-∏m-S-ßfpw sXßn≥tXm-∏p-Ifpw \nd™ Xpcp-Øp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬, ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ]pe-bcpw ]d-bcpw Ah-cpsS bP-am-\-∑m-cmb P∑n-amcpw \nh-kn-°p∂ ]tZ-iamW-Xv.

Ahn-SpsØ Imfn-∏-d-b-s‚bpw Ip™m-fn-bp-sSbpw aI-fmb Nncp-Xsbhnhmlw Ign-°m-\m-K-ln-°p∂ tImc≥, NmØ≥ XpS-ßnb sNdp-∏-°m¿ XΩn-ep≈ a’-c-amWv XpS-°-Øn¬. kpµ-cn-bmb Nncp-Xsb Ah-fpsS A—≥, Hcp henb XpI s]¨]Ww Xcp-∂-bmƒ°v hnhmlwIgn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. NmØ\v AXv sImSp-°m-\m-bn-√.tImc≥ Hcp henb `qhp-S-a-bmb ]pjv]-th-en¬ Hutk-∏ns‚ ASn-bm-\mbn tN¿∂v ]Ww ap≥Iq¿ hmßn \¬In. Nncp-Xsb hnhmlw Ign-

°p-∂p. Hutk-∏ns‚ \qtd-°¿ \ne-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-°m-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. ]mS-Øv ITn-\m-[zm\w sNbvXv tImc≥ G‰hpw \√ hnfhpXs∂ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ hnf-sh-Sp∏p ka-bØv a‰p Iqen-°m-sc-t∏mse amXta Hutk∏v tImcs\ I≠p-≈q. \ma-am-X-amb IqenamXta Abmƒ tImc\v \¬In-bp-≈q. i‡-\mb `qhp-S-a-tbmSv IqSp-X¬ Iqen tNmZn-°m≥ Ah\v IcpØpan-√-t√m.

kzmX-¥y-Øn-\p-tijw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ kwÿm-\Øv ]mb-]q¿Ønthm´-h-Imiw \ne-hn¬ hcpIbpw ]d-b¿°pw ]pe-b¿°pw thm´p-sN-øm-\-h-Imiw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. cmjvSo-bm-h-t_m-[w hf¿∂-tXmsSAh¿°v Xß-fpsS i‡n-sb-∏‰n t_m[-ap-≠m-bn. ]uc-∑m-sc∂ \ne-bnepw sXmgn-em-fn-I-sf∂ \ne-bnepw Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-c-ß-sf-∏‰n Nn¥n-°m≥ CX-hsc t]cn-∏n-®p. `qc-lnXI¿j-I¿ kz¥w Ah-Im-i-kw-c-£-W-Øn-\mbn kwL-S-\-Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p.- tIm-c≥ ]pXnb bqWn-bs‚

t\Xm-hm-bn. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°mbn Ah¿ t]mcm-Sn.




`qhp-S-a-Iƒ t£m`n-®p. Ah-cpsS D∂w tImc-\m-bn. tImcs‚ A—≥acn-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ÿeØv ihw adhpsNøm≥ t]mepwA\p-h-Zn-®n-√. kwL-S-\m-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw sNe-h-gn-°m≥ Abmƒ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Hcp cmXn tImc≥ ]mSw Np‰m≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ NncpX H‰-bv°n-cp∂ IpSn-en-te°v bP-am-\-\mb Nmt°m IbdnAhsf iey-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ XpSßn. -A-hnsS s]s´∂v Ib-dn-h∂ tImc≥

Nmt°m-bp-ambn a¬∏n-Sn-Ø-ap-≠m-bn.

Nmt°m acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIme-°p‰w Npa-Ø-s∏´ tImc\v 15

h¿jsØ XS-hp-in£ hn[n-®p. Pbn-en-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ kvt\ln-X\pw `mcy-bpsS ap≥Im-ap-I-\p-amb NmØs‚ kwc-£W-bn¬ Nncp-Xsb tImc≥ G¬∏n-®p. ktlm-Z-c-Xp-ey-amb kvt\l-tØmsS NmØ≥Ahsf kwc-£n-®p. tImc\v Hcp Ip™v ]nd-∂p. NmØ≥ Ahs\hf¿Øn. Pbn¬hn-ap-‡-\mb tImc≥ `mcy-tbmSpw aI-t\mSpw kplr-Øn-t\mSpw H∏w H∂n-®p-tN-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ shdp-sX-bm-bn-√. A∏p-dØv apZm-hm-Iy-ßƒ Db¿∂p-tI-´p. ""hnπhw Pbn°s´.bqWn-b≥ Pbn-°-s´!'' tImcs‚ aI≥ shfp-Øbpw ssI NpcpńDb¿Øn hnfn-®p: ""Irjn-`qan I¿j-I¿°v.''

q ]mT`mKw hmb\

v Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`mKw kz¥-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

v Xnc-s™-SpØ `mK-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ sNdp-\m-S-I-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

I-bp-am-hmw.

u ]pjv]-th-en-°¬ Hutk-∏n-\v.............s\√p Iqen In´p-I-bn-√. Xo¿®.

u cmXn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ hym]m-csØ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-se¥v? ..........

\msf ImeØv FSpØp tam¥pºw Nóev Hcn‰p sh≈w sht®®maXn.

u ]nt‰∂v ImeØv B \mgn I™n-sh-≈hpw \mep IjWw

I∏bpw Hcp hg-°n\v Imc-W-ambn ....... Pohn-X-Øn\v Fs¥¥vkw`m-h-\-Iƒ sNbvX Hcp Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ah-km-\m-[ym-b-ß-fmWv Hcp Ipdp-Ip-dp-t∏msS AhnsS hen-®p- I-gn-bp-∂Xv!

u hr≤≥ tNmZn-®p. ""tamt\, \n\-°n-hnsS Iqen s\√t√ym!''

.............. A∏\v Hcp t\c-sa-¶nepw \nd®v tNmdp sImSp-°-Ww.AXp amX-amWv Ahs‚ BK-lw.

Ipń-Iƒ \mev sNdp-Kq-∏p-I-fmbn amdn Bh-iy-amb kw`m-jW`mK-ßƒ kzbwhnI-kn-∏n®v eLp-\m-S-I-ambn ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ah-X-cWw hne-bn-cp-Øp-a-

t√m.

]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

ebmfw]Øv


Pohn-X-Ønse C√m-bva-Iƒ

v N¿® \SØmw

kµ¿`w Is≠-Ø¬ (]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse H∂m-asØ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\mbn\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kw`m-j-Ww).

$ Cßs\ ]d-bm-\n-S-bmb kml-Ncyw.

$ kz¥w hni∏v ad-®p-h®v D‰-hsc Du´m-\p≈ at\m-`mhw.

u tImc\pw Nncp-Xbpw XΩn¬

u A∏\pw acp-a-Ifpw XΩn¬

$ kvt\l-Øns‚ AKm-[X.

$ Hcp t\cw `£Ww Ign-°m-\n-s√-¶nepw ]c-kv]-c-kvt\-l-Øm¬

C√m-bva-Isf AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂-h¿.

$ Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn®v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

$ A[ym]nI Ipdn∏v hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

Is≠ØnsbgpXmw

tImc-s‚bpw Nncp-X-bp-sSbpw hnhm-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne ]iv\-ßƒImcWw tImcs\ Ahs‚ A—≥ ssIsh-Sn-™Xmbn-cp∂p . F∂m¬ h¿j-ßƒ°ptijw Abmƒ aIs\tØSn hcp-∂p. ]mSsØ ]Wn-I-gn™v Xncn-®p-h-cp∂ tImc≥,IpSn-en-\-IØv Nncp-X-bp-ambn kwkm-cn®ncn°p∂ A—s\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ høm-Xmb, taemsI \ocp-h∂v £oWn-X-\mb Xs‚ ]nXm-hns\ I≠-

t∏mƒ tImcs‚ IÆp-Iƒ \nd-™p. hr≤s\ XI-gn-bn¬ X\n-®m°n Xs‚ kpJw-tXSn s]Æp-ambn adp-\m- n¬ t]mbXv A£-¥-hy-amb A]-cm-[-ambn Ct∏mƒ tImc\vtXm∂p-∂p.

v Ipń-Iƒ ]mT-`mKw hmbn®v ]k-‡-amb `mK-ßƒ t\m´p-

_p-°n¬ Ipdn-°-s´.

v hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°epw Iqń-t®¿°epw \SØmw

IqSpX¬ kqN-\-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

$ P∑n -˛ -Ip -S n -bm≥ hyhÿ \ne-\n -∂n -cp∂

ImesØ kmaq-lym-hÿ N¿®sNø-Ww.

$ ASn-bm-f-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]Xn-tj-[-Øns‚ kzcw

Db¿∂p h∂-Xv.

$ H‰-s∏´ kzcßƒ t\mh-ens‚ Ah-km-\-am-hp-tºm-tg°v kwL-ß-fmbn

Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ

kµ¿`-hp -ambn _‘-s∏´ kqN-\-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnse anIhv hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

]k-‡-amb Bi-b-ßƒ tImUo-I-

cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ignhv hne-bn-

cp-Ø-Ww.




v eLp-N¿®-bv°p-tijw Ipń-Iƒ ]mT- mKw hmbn®v IqSp-X¬ kqN-\Iƒt\m´p-_p-°n¬ Ipdn-°-Ww.

DZm: A√-—m, s\√p shfo ImWn-°-Øn-√. C∂se BdW sImSpØp\mgn Acn taSn-®p. C∂n∏w Ccp-\m-gn-sbm-≠v.

]mtZ-in-I-kw-km-c- m-j-bn-te°p am‰n Fgp-X¬

v Hmtcm ]tZ-iØpw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb hmsam-gn-`m-j-bp-≠v.

v ]mT-`mKw Ipń-I-ƒ Ah-cpsS ]tZ-isØ kwkm-c-`m-j-bn-te°v am‰nFgp-X-s´.

v s]mXp-hm-b-\ ˛ N¿®

v hmIy-LS\bn¬ hcp∂ am‰w.

v ]Z-ß-fpsS ]tbm-K-Øn¬ D≈

am‰w.

Hmtcm ]tZ-i-Øp-≈-h¿°pw Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb hmsam-gn-bpw addp ]tZ-i-Øp-≈-hbn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]Z-ßƒ, hmIy-L-S-\, D®m-cWw Ch-bn¬ ]tZ-i-Øn-t‚-Xmb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-≠v. Ah Dƒs°m-≈m\pw ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw Cu ]h¿Ø\w klm-bn-°-Ww.

ÌÌÌÌÌ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°mw

v sNΩo≥ t\mh¬`mKw hmb\.

v `mjm-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛ N¿®.

u Xr°p-∂-∏pg IS-tem-csØ \nhm-kn-I-fpsS `mj.

u au\-Øns‚ A¿Ym-¥-c-ßƒ Hfn™pw sXfn™pw `mjm-ssi-

ensb kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.

u ]Z-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS D]-tbmKw.

u

v c≠n-S-ßgn ˛ ]mT-`m-K-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNø¬.

u Ip´-\m-ńse I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS `mj.

u ]mtZ-inI ]Z-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ

u

v CØcw `mjm-t`-Z-ßƒ

Fßs\ cN-\sb Bkzm-Zy-am-°p∂p?

u kuµ-cy-Xew

u AXXp ]tZ-i-hp-am-bp≈

_‘w (Km-ao-W-X)

u sshIm-cn-IX

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.

• D]-tbm-Kn® ]Z-ßƒ

• hmIy-L-S\

• ]mtZ-inIkz`mhw

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.

• Bi-b-k-a-KX

• bp‡n-bp‡w ka¿∞n-°¬

• kw£n]vXX

ebmfw]Øv


u \m´p-h-g°w

u `mj-bpsS Bflm¿Y-X, Poh≥.

v IqSp-X¬ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmb-\bpw Is≠-Øepw.

u Fw.Sn, Ddq-_v, _jo¿ F∂n-h-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ.

v Is≠-Ønb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ ]¶phbv°p-∂p.

v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬

v Ah-X-cWw ˛ N¿® ˛ kqN-I-ß-fpsS klm-b-Øm¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬.

v Ipdn∏v A[ym-]nI hne-bn-cp-ØWw.

Hmtcm hnfnbpw ImØvIYm-kw-Klw

]kn≤ IYm-Im-c≥ bp.sI.Ipam-cs‚ it≤-b-amb IY-bmWv"Hmtcm hnfnbpw ImØv'. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ F√m-sa-√m-amb A—≥ac-W-s∏-´-t∏m-ƒ H‰-s∏-´p-t]mb AΩ-bpsS thZ-\-Ifpw hnlz-e-X-I-fp-amWv IY-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. CXbpw Imew A—s‚ Hmtcmhnfn°pw ]n∂mse HmSp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p AΩ.

H‰-s∏-´p-t]mb hoń¬ H‰bv°m°n t]mIm≥ Xbm-dm-ImØ aI≥.HSp-hn¬ aIs‚ \n¿_-‘-Øn\p hgßn \K-c-Øn-te°p hcm-sa∂v

AΩ hm°p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ t]tI≠ Znh-k-sa-Øn-b-t∏mƒInS∂ InS-∏n¬ \ns∂-Wo-°msX Ft¥m Btem-Nn-®p-In-S-°p∂AΩ-sb-bmWv aI≥ ImWp-∂-Xv. ho≠pw \n¿_-‘n-®-t∏mƒ""Rms\-ß\ym tamt\ hczm? A—≥ Fs∂ Ft∏mfpw hnfn-t®m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm. C∂tew hnfn-®p. hnfn-°pºw Rm\n-hnsS C√m∂vsh®m¬...'' F∂ adp-]-Sn-tbmsS IY Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØv \mw ImWp∂ Nne bmYm¿Yy-ß-fmWv IYm-Im-c≥ CuIY-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hm¿≤-Iy-Im-eØv Xo¿Øpw H‰-s∏-´p-t]m-Ip∂ hr≤-Z-º-Xn-am-cpsS NnXw Cu IY-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p -∂p. IpSpw -_-_-‘-ß-fpsS Cg -b -Sp -∏hpw Ah¿h®p]pe¿Øp∂ kvt\lm-Z-c-ßfpw Cu IYsb IqSp-X¬ `mh-Xo-h-am-°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cn-∏n-√m-Ø-h-tcm-Sp-t]mepw _‘w \ne-\n¿Øp-

∂-h-cp-≠v. Ah-sc-t∏mgpw Xß-fpsS IqsS-bp≠v F∂ tXm∂-emWvAhsc Pohn-X-tØmSv IqSp-X¬ ASp∏n-°p-∂-Xv.




IY-bn-te°v (]th-iI]h¿Ø-\w)

v 'What is that' F∂ lkz-kn-\n-a-bpsS]Z¿i\w (kam-\-kn-\n-a-Iƒ ]tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.)

veLp-N¿®

u Cu lkz-Nn-X-Ønse IYm-]m-X-ßƒ B-sc√mw?

u Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥mWv?

u aI≥ Ib¿Øp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?

u Cu kn\na \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥mWv?

N¿®-bn¬ Ipń-Iƒ°v kzX¥ -]-Xn-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

IYm-hm-b\

XpS¿∂v Ipń-Iƒ IY au\-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

vIYm-h-X-cWw

IY \∂mbn hmbn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Ipń-Iƒ°v Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v Ah-kcw\¬Imw. (ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿. a‰p Ipń-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.)

vBkzm-Z-\-N¿®

]mY-an-I-hm-b-\-bnepsSbpw tIƒhn-bn-eq-sSbpw Ipń-Iƒ IY FX-amXw Bkz-Zn-®n-´p≠v F∂v Adn-bm-\mbn eLp-N¿® \S-Ømw.

u IY \S-°p-∂-sX-hnsS?

u IYm-]m-X-ßƒ Bsc√mw?

u A—\pw AΩbpw XΩn-ep≈ Bfl-_‘w shfn-hm-°p∂ kµ¿`-ßƒGsXms°?.

u Xs‚ Irjn-bn-S-ßfpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambnAbmƒ°p≈ _‘w.

u aIs‚ \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hg-ßmØ AΩ.

Cu tNmZy-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw kqN-\-I-fn-eq-sSbpwIpń-I-ƒ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒAh¿ ]d-b-s .

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.

• N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fnØw

• Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijn

• Ah-X-c-W-Ønse anIhv

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.

• N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fnØw

• Bi-b-ßƒ bp‡n-bp‡w

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ignhv.

F∂nh hne-bn-cp-ØWw.

ebmfw]Øv


]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

N¿® \SØmw

v IYm-hm-b\

v kµ¿`w Is≠-Ø¬

v Nne kqN-\-I-fn-eqsS ]h¿Ø-\Øns‚ Bg-ß-fn-te-°v.

u A—s‚ acWw hcp-Øn-h® iq\y-X.

u A—s‚ i_vZhpw km∂n-[y-hp-an-√.

u Hcp-]mSp t]¿ Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ Ah-ÿ (Fßpw\n»_vZ-X).

u InS-∏n-em-b-t∏mƒ t]mepw A—s‚ km∂n[yw hońse Hmtcm

Imcy-Øn-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

kvt\lw \nd™ s]cp-am-‰hpw _‘-ß-fp-amWv hoSns\ hoSm-

°p-∂-Xv.

kqN-\-I-tfm-Sp≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ ]k-‡-am-bh tN¿Øv N¿®

tImUo-I-cn°-Ww.

AΩbv°v Aßs\ tXm∂m≥ Imc-Ww Ipdn∏v

v Ipń-Iƒ IY hmbn-°-s´.

v kwL-ambn N¿® sNø-s´.

u A—-\n-√mØ Ahÿ

u A—s‚ Hmtcm hnfn°p ]n∂mse t]mIp-tºmgpw AΩbv°v sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p.

u s]s´∂v AΩ hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ \n-lm-b-X-bn-te°v hgp-Xn-ho-gp-sa∂aIs‚ Nn¥.

u hońse H‰-s∏-S-en¬ Hm¿Ω-I-fn-te°v AΩ X\nsb t]mIp-sa∂ Abm-fpsS tXm∂¬.

Ch-sbm-s°-bmWv aI≥ AΩsb \K-c-Øn-te°p hnfn-°m≥ Imc-Ww.

F¥p-sIm-≠mhmw ChnsS AΩbv°v Xm≥ X\n-®√ F∂v tXm∂n-bXv?

u A—s‚ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Xßn-\n¬°p∂ hoSv

u hoSpw ]d-ºp-sams° A—≥ t\m°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

u acn-®n´pw A—s‚ km∂n≤yw AΩ Adn-bp-∂p.

u hoSp-hn´p t]mbm¬ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Dd-ßp∂ hoSp t\m°m≥ Bcp-an-√mØAhÿ AΩsb thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

u kvt\l-_-‘-Øns‚ ZrV-Xbpw At\ym-\yhpw.




Cßs\ ]k‡amb Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn N¿® tImUo-I-cn-°mw.

v Ipń-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

v ]c-kv]cw hmbn®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

A—s‚ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

$ ]mT-`mKw hmb\

$ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.• DNn-X-k-µ¿`-ßƒ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-

≠v.• N¿®-bn¬ bYm-k-abw Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂p.• a‰p-≈-h-cpsS A`n-]mbw ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-∂p.

InS-∂n-S-Øp-\n∂v A—≥ tNmZn-°p∂ F√m

tNmZy-ßƒ°pw AΩ adp-]Sn \¬Ipw. \n¿tZ-i-

ßƒ A\p-k-cn-°pw. F¶nepw tNmZyhpw \n¿tZ-

ihpw Ak-ly-am-Ip∂ Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ AΩ

s]mń-sØ-dn-°m-dp-≠v.

InS-∏n-em-b-t∏mgpw hońse kPo-h-km-∂n[yw

A—≥

InS-∏n-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ t]mepw hoSns‚ Hmtcm

Imcy-Ønepw A—≥ Gsd i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

ho´p-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ i≤

apdn-°-IØp ht®m ]d-ºns‚ GsX-¶nepw

aqe-bn¬ ht®m Bbn-cn°pw hfsc A]-Xo-£n-X-

amb hnfn-bp-≠m-hp-I. AtX \nan-j-Øn¬ AΩ-

bpsS adp-]Sn D≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬ A—≥ tIm]w-

sIm≠v hnd-bv°pw.

IpSpw-_-Ønse ][m\n

""aq∏-sc-tßm´v t]mbn?'' A—-t\m-sSm-∂n®v

Iptd \mƒ I®-hSw \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Bfm-

bn-cp∂p AXv. B hgn h∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw

hoń¬ Ib-dmsX t]mhp-I-bp-an-√.

a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ _‘w

$ Kq∏n¬ hmb\

$ IYm-k-µ¿`-ß-fpsS ]m[m\yw Kq∏n¬ N¿® sNø-Ww.

IY-bnse ]Z-t®-cp-h-Iƒ

`mj-bnse Hmtcm ]Z-Øn\pw khn-ti-jm¿Y-ap-≠v. hyXy-kvXm¿Y-ß-fp≈ ]Z-ßsf CW-°-tØmsS Iqń-t®¿°p-tºmƒkpµ-chpw A¿Y-km-µ-hp-amb ka-kvX-]-Z-ßƒ cq]w sIm≈pw.

ebmfw]Øv


hn -‡n-°p-dn-Iq-SmsX

]Z--tbmKw kamkamw

˛ tIc-f-]m-Wn\obw

H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ ]Z-ßfpsS CS-bn¬ D≠m-th-≠n-bn-cp∂ ]Xy-b-ß-sftbm ]Z-ß-sftbm Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠v H‰-∏-Z-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ ]In-b-bmWv kam-kw.

kam-kn-®p-≠m-Ip∂ H‰-∏-Z-amWv ka-kvX-]-Zw. kam-kn-®-t∏mƒ GsX-¶nepwi_vZw (]-Z-ßtfm ]Xy-b-ßtfm) hn´p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ahbpw tN¿Øv kam-km¿Yw ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn-em-°-emWv "hnK-ln-°¬'.

v ]Z-t®-cp-h-Iƒ hnK-ln-°p-tºmƒ

s\√n≥Ipe ˛ s\√ns‚ Ipe

Im¬ap´v ˛ Imens‚ ap´v (Imense ap´v)

\mene ˛ \mev Ce

ac-s°mºv ˛ ac-Øns‚ sImºv

IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂p Is≠-Ø-Ww. Ipń-Iƒ hnK-ln®p ]d-b-s´.

IY-b-cßv \SØmw

v "kvt\l-_‘w' ]ta-b-amb IY-Iƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

v Kq∏n¬ hmbn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°¬

v anI® IY, anI® hmb-\-°m-c≥ ˛ Is≠-Ø¬

v IY-b-cßv kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬

v IYm-h-X-cWw

v IY-bpsS Bibw, khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, anI® Ah-X-cWw Ch Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-

Ø-s´.

v s]mXp Ah-X-cWw

v kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IYm-h-X-cWw hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

u Xnc-s™-SpØ IY-bpsS HuNnXyw

u `mhw




u kw`m-j-W-`m-K-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw

u i_vZ-\n-b-¥Ww

kam-\-I-Y-Iƒ Is≠Ømw, hmbn°mw

AΩ ˛ am[-hn-°pń

Fgp-]-Xp-Im-cpsS tbmKw ˛ Atim-I≥ Ncp-hn¬

tImemSv ˛ am[-hn-°pń

aq∂m-a-sXm-cmƒ ˛ ap≠q¿IrjvW≥Ipń

]I¬hoSv ˛ AjvS-aq¿Øn

a™p-Imew ˛ inlm-_p-±o≥ s]mbvØpw-I-Shv

s\bv∏m-bkw ˛ am[-hn-°p-ń.

Ipń-Iƒ ImtW≠ kn\n-a-Iƒ

Hcp sNdp-]p-©ncn

Xn¶-fmgvN \√ Znhkw

Zn _nUvPv ˛ tIcf It^

AΩ-°nfn°qSv

ebmfw]Øv


AΩ-sØm-ń¬

BapJw

dô°v Al-Ω-Zns‚ Ihn-X-bmWv "AΩ-sØm-ń¬.' B[p\nIIme Pohn-X-Øn¬\jvS-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fpsS ]m[m-\yhpw hm¿[-IysØDƒs°m≈m≥ Ign-bmØ ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS at\m-`m-h-w Ihn-Xbv°v hnj-b-am-hp-∂p. A\mY inip-°ƒt°m Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ip™p-ßƒt°m D≈ A`-b-amWv

AΩ-sØm-ń¬. Ihn-X-bn¬ AΩsb Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ CSw˛ AΩ-sØm-ń¬ ˛tXSp-I-bmWv aI≥. Imew kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ hcp-Ønb kmwkvIm-cnItem]w,a\p-jy-Xz-cm-ln-Xyw. kvt\l-iq-\y-X, tem`-Nn-¥, kzm¿∞-X XpSßn am\-hXzw l\n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-sb√mw B¿÷-h-`m-h-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Acp-Xm-bva-Iƒ h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ ka-Im-enI tIc-fobkaq-l-Øn¬ Cu IhnX Gsd]kIvXw Xs∂.

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

AΩsb Dt]-£n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n® aI≥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]n≥ko-‰n-te°v AΩsbam‰m≥ ian-°p-∂p. aI≥ FX ian-®n´pw AΩ-sb Imdns‚ ]n≥ko-‰n¬ t\sc-bn-cp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Gsd imco-cnI sshj-ay-ßƒ Ds≠-¶nepw Xs∂ Ftßm´psIm≠p t]mIp-∂p-sh∂v AΩ tNmZn-°p-∂n-√˛ aIs\ hnj-an-∏n-°-cp-sX∂v AΩhnNm-cn-®n-´p-≠m-h-Ww. BZyw B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-bmb amfns‚ kao-]Øv Dt]-£n-°p-hm\p≈ iaw s]‰p-In-S-°p∂ sXcp-hp-]-ń-bpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-Øm¬Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. s]cpw-amƒ F∂ ]tbmKw s]cpw-amƒ, s]cp-amƒ, s]cpw BƒF∂n-ßs\ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Nn¥-Isf DW¿Øp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Pn√mip]Xn ]cn-k-

c-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ipń-°m-eØv ]\n-®p-In-S∂ Xs∂ AΩ-sb-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ FØn-bXv Hm¿°p-∂p. A∂sØ kqNn-]-tbmKw ico-c-Øn\v thZ\ \¬In-sb-¶n¬ AΩsb Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ Nn¥ \o‰-embn amdp-∂p. hnZym-e-b-]-cn-k-c-Øn-se-Øn-b-t∏m-gm-Ims´, aIs\ hnZym-e-b-Øn-em°n Np‰p-a-Xn-en-\p-]p-dØv ImØp-\n∂ AΩ-bpsS NnXw I\-embn a\-n-se-Øp-∂p. C\n FhnsS sIm≠n-d-°-W-sa∂v Nn¥n®v tZhm-e-b-ØnseØnb-t∏mƒ AΩsb Dt]-£n°phm\p≈ Xocp-am\wDt]-£n-°p-∂p.

AΩhb-‰Øp ]‰n-°n-S∂ NqSpw Ae-k-ambv Ims®Æ aWhpw ]pe¿®-bnseXWp∏m‰p∂ Nq´p-I-Øp∂ aWhpw aIs\ sX‰p sNømsX aS-ßn-t∏m-Im\pw AΩ-sb∂ P∑-kp-Ir-XsØ Xncn®v hoń-seØn°m\pw t]cn-∏n-®p. XncnsI hoń-se-Øp-tºmƒ H∂n\pw sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-h≥ F∂v `mcy ]gn°mw, F∂n-ßs\ Nn¥Iƒ-s]cp-Ip-tºmƒ, Xncn™v AΩsb t\m°p∂ aI≥ he-tØm´p ]q¿W-ambn Nm™vIÆ-S-bv°msX ab-ßp∂/aS-ßp∂ AΩ-sbbmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. (AS-bv°mØ AΩ-bpsS IÆp-Iƒ Ahsc \n¿Zbw s]m≈n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AY-hm, ]ns∂bpw aI-\mbnaIs‚ kpc-£-bv°mbn Xpd∂p ]nSn-°p-I-bmWv B IÆp-Iƒ).




kqN-\-Iƒ

Ihn-X-bnse ]tabw

khn-tij ]tbm-K-ßƒ

CjvS-s∏´ hcn-Iƒ ˛ Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

a\-n¬ Xńb kµ¿`-ßƒ

cN-\m-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-XIƒ

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ kqN-I-ßƒ

• A£-c-kv^p-SX

• i_vZ-hn-\ymkw

• CuWw, Xmfw, `mhw

• AwK-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ tbmPn∏v

]h¿Ø\ß-fn-eqsS

CuWw Is≠Ømw

$ Ipń-Iƒ IhnX hmbn-°-s´. (hy-

‡n-K-Xw)

$ sNdp -kw -L-ß-fmbn IhnX

`mhm-fl-I-ambn sNm√n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ a‰p Kq∏p-Iƒ Bem-]\w hne-

bn-cp-Ø-s´.

$ s]mXpN¿®

$ C\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS-≠h Is≠-Øp-∂p.

u

u

$ sa®-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p.

Ihn-Xm-hm-b-\-˛-N¿®

$ Ipń-Iƒ IhnX hy‡n-K-X-ambn hmbn-°-s´. Xmsg sImSpØ kqN-\-

Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn A[ym-]nI ]mY-anI N¿® \S-Ø-Ww.

Ch ¢mkn¬ ]¶p-h-bv°-s´. ka-Im-en-I-]m-[m-\y-ap≈ hnjbw AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Z-ßfpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw Hcp Zriy-Øn-se-∂-t]msebp≈ A\p-`-h-]-XoXnCh-bn¬ Du∂n-s°m≠v N¿® tImUo-I-cn-°p-a-t√m.

ebmfw]Øv


aßn∏g-Inb ]n™m-W-h¿W-amb IÆp-Iƒ

v Ihn-Xm-hm-b\ ˛ hy‡n-KXw

v IhnXm `mKw Is≠-Ø¬

v s]mXp N¿®

u AΩ-bpsS IÆp-Isf "aßn∏g-Inb ]n™m-W-ambn' F∂p ]d-bm≥Imc-W-sa¥v

$ ]n™mWw → hm°ns‚ A¿Yw → ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

$ `£Ww Ign-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ ]mXw.

$ \nc-¥-c-ambn Htc ]mXw Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]g-

In- t]m-Ip-Ibpw \ndw aßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

u AΩ-bpsS ]mbm-[nIyw

$ IÆns‚ sXfn®w \jvS-s∏-´p.

$ t]mf-Iƒ Xqßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ]of ASn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

$ \ndw aßnt∏mbn-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Zo\X ˛ ssZ\yw

$

u AΩ-am¿ IÆna NnΩmsX Ip™p-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

u a°ƒ°v th≠n FX-Im-ew ImØn-cn°m\pw Ah¿ Xbm-dm-hp∂p.

u tamdn tamdn ]g-In-b-]mXw t]mse sI´ ImgvN-Iƒ I≠p-I≠v\ndw aßnb IÆp-Iƒ.

u

N¿®bnse ]k-‡ Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn A[ym-]nI tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.XpS¿∂v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

khn-tij kµ¿ -ßƒ"s]‰p-In-S-°pw..... NmSn-°p-Xn-°p∂p'

v hcn-Iƒ Nm¿ńtem t_m¿Untem FgpXn ]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww.

v eLp-N¿®

u s]‰p-In-S-°p∂ ]ń-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ.




u Ipńsb kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ hyKX.

u ASp-tØm´v hcp-∂-h¿°p- t\-sc-bp≈ iucyw.

arK-ß-fn¬t∏mepw amXr-˛-]p-X-_-‘-Øns‚ CØcw Zriy-ßƒ ImWp-

tºmƒ ChnsS kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX¥v?

$ ]Ir-Xnbpw an≠m-]m-Wn-Ifpw ]cn-jvIr-X-cmb a\p-jy\v \¬Ip∂ ]mT-ßƒ.

$ P∑w \¬In hf¿Ønb AΩsb sXcp-hn-te°p hen-s®-dn-bm≥ ian-°p-∂p.

AΩ-am¿ a°ƒ°v \¬Ip∂ kvt\lhpw Icp-Xepw Ah¿°v Xncn-®p-\¬Im-

\m-hp-∂pt≠m?

amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv kvt\lambn s]cp-am-td-≠Xpw kwc-£n-t°-≠Xpw a°-fpsS Npa-X-e-bmWv F∂ t_m[-Øn-te°v N¿® tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

v XpS¿∂v CØcw Imhy-k-µ¿`-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww.

DZm:

u ]≠v ]\n-®Xpw AΩ-sb-Sp-ØpsIm˛

≠∏-Sn-tbm-tcm∂p tIdn-°n-X-®Xpw

A∂sØ kqNn-]-tbm-K-Øn≥ \o‰¬ t]m˛

sem∂v a\-n-eq-S-t∏mƒ IS∂pt]mbv.

v ]ns∂bpw apt∂m´v, sh´-an-√m-fn√

Ipń-tb-Im¥X IÆp-s]m-Øn-°-fn˛

°p∂ hnZym-ebap‰-ap-s≠-m∂n-\n

s]mń-°-c-™pw iTn-®pw IpX-dn-bp˛

saØn-bXpw D®-bm-thm-f-a-Ω-bm˛

Np‰paXn-en≥ ]pd-Ø∂p \n∂Xpw

N¶n¬ Ic-®n¬ Ipcp-ßn-∏n-S-™-Xpw

v Kq∏n¬ N¿® sNø-s´.

v Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ ¢mkn¬ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

Ah-X-c-W-Ønse khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, G‰hpw \∂mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-h¿ F∂nhIs≠Øn A[ym-]n-I So®nwMv am\z-en¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

ÌÌÌÌÌ hcn-Iƒ hymJym-\n°mw

"Fßn\n sIm≠n-d-t°≠p ... tImhn-en¬?'

v hcn-Iƒ hmb\ ˛ N¿®

v Ipń-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ßƒ Ah¿ ]d-b-s´.

u hgn-tbm-cØv Dt]-£n-°¬

u hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ sIm≠p-sN-∂m-°¬

ebmfw]Øv


u FX hnfn-®mepw Xncn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im≥ Btcm-cp-an-√m-Ø-h¿.

u AΩ ]m¿Yn® tImhn-en¬ A\m-Y-bmbn Dt]-£n-°¬.

v A\p-`-h-ßƒ, ]X-hm¿Ø-Iƒ, teJ-\-ßƒ, ô®-dp-I-ƒ Ch-bpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn°mw. (t\-ctØ \n¿tZiw \¬I-Ww)..

v N¿®-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hcn-I-ƒ hymJym\n®v Ipń-Iƒ Fgp-

X-s´.

v Kq∏n¬ hmbn-®-h-X-c-Ww.

v anI-®h Is≠-Ø¬

u F¥p-sIm≠v anI-®Xv?

u N¿®

v kqN-I-ßƒ Ah¿ s]mXp-hmbn hnI-kn-∏n-°-s´.

v s]mXp Ah-X-cWw

v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

v A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

ÌÌÌÌÌ AΩbv°v kw -hn-®Xv

v IhnX hmb\

v AΩbv°v F¥v kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠mhmw?

v hcnIƒ Is≠Øn \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØmw.

v kqN-\-Iƒ Is≠-Ø¬

u ]nd-Inse ko‰n-ep≠.v

u he-tØm´v ]q¿W-ambn Nm™v aSßn ab-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

u ]of-b-Sn™v \nd-an-√mØ IÆp-Iƒ AS-bv°msX h®n-cn-°p-∂p.

v Cu kqN-\-I-fn¬\n∂v \nK-a-\-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-°-s´.

v hni-Zo-I-cn®v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.




ÌÌÌÌÌ Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°mw.

v Ihn-Xhm-b-\bpw N¿®bpw \S-∂-Xns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ipń-Iƒ a\-n-em-°nb Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn Bib-]Sw Xbm-dm-°Ww

u ]tabw

u cN-\m-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

u ]Z-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ

u khn-ti-j-X-bp≈ hcn-Iƒ

u kmaq-lnI-]-k‡n

u sshIm-cn-IX

u ka-Im-en-I-]-k‡n

u

v XpS¿∂v kam\Ihn-X-Iƒ, IY-Iƒ, ô®-dp-Iƒ F∂nh tiJ-cn-°m\pwImWm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

v s]mXp-N¿®

v Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°¬

v GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-cWw

v Kq∏n¬ hmb\ ˛ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

v anI-®hbpsS Ah-X-cWw ˛ Ipń-I-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

v A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ (kq-N-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬)

ÌÌÌÌÌ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°¬

v ]mT-`mKw ˛ hy‡n-KX hmb\

v D]-\ym-k- hnjbw ""F√m ]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw kvt\lw-sIm≠v adn-I-S°m-

\mhpw'' (TB t]Pv 23).

$ hy‡n-_-‘-ß-fpsS Cg-b-Sp∏w.

$ IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-fpsS ]hn-XX.

$ kmaq-lnI_‘-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-IX.

v ]mT-`m-K-ßƒ hmbn®v hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°¬

v IqSp-X¬ hmb-\-bn-tebv°v ˛ tiJ-cn® Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬

v Bi-b]S\n¿ΩmWw

v ssIamdn hmb-\bpw Iqń-t®¿°epwv hy‡n-K-X-c-N\ (D]-\ym-kw)v GXm\pw t]cpsS Ah-X-cWwv anI-®Xv GXv? F¥p-sIm≠v?

u kqN-I-ßƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

IhnX

hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠h.• Bib ka-KX• ]Z-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ F∂nh

bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ• kam-\-I-hn-X-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw• BI¿j-I-amb `mj

ebmfw]Øv


πmhne°™n

$

$

$

]c-kv]c kvt\lw

AΩ-sØmń¬

$

$

$

Hmtcm hnfnbpw ImØv

$

$

$

ka-Im-em\p-`-h-ßƒ

$

$

$

IqSp-X¬ tiJ-cn-®h

$

$

$

$ Bi-b-k-a-KX$ LS\ (Xe-s°´v, XpS-°w, hf¿®, D]-kw-lm-cw, Jfin-

Im-I-c-Ww)$ `mj (DNn-X-]-Z-ßƒ, ]tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien-Iƒ, D≤-c-Wn-

Iƒ....)v Kq∏n¬ hmb\ ˛ kqN-I-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS N¿®.v sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬v So®¿sh¿j≥ Ah-X-cWwv hy‡n-KX sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬v t]m¿´vt^mfn-tbmhn-te°v.

ÌÌÌÌÌ Rm≥ Fs∂°pdn®vCu bqWn-‰nse G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ Bhn-jvIm-c -]-I-Sn-X-cq-]-ß-fmWv Bkzm-Z-

\-°p-dn-∏v, IY-b-c-ßv, D]-\ymkw F∂nh. CXn-eqsS IS-∂p-h∂ Ipń°v FX-tØmfwA\p-`-h-ßƒ B¿÷n-°m≥ km[n-®n-´p≠v F∂v kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwC\nbpw sa®-s∏-tS≠ CS-ßƒ kz¥-ambn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw th-≠n-bmWv "Rm≥Fs∂°pdn®v ' F∂ ]h¿Ø\w bqWn-‰n¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. CXv Gs‰-Sp°m≥Ipń°v A[ym-]nI Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-Ibpw Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v Bh-iy-amb \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ \¬IpIbpw thWw.

bqWn‰v (So®¿sS-IvÃv) ]h¿Ø\hni-I-e\ `mKØv \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-tØ≠ ][m\ kµ¿`-ßfpw kqN-I-ßfpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. AXXv kµ¿`-Øn¬Ah ]tbm-P-\--s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw hnhn[ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ coXn-I-fn-eqsS (kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬, ]c-kv]-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø¬, A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬) \nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv. bYm-k-abw Bh-iy-amb ]n¥pW \¬In Hmtcm Ipń-sbbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]Tn-Xm-hn¬ ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-i-an-°p-a-t√m.

Poh

nXw ]

S¿

Øp∂

thcp-I

ƒ2

45

24

5Poh

nXw ]

S¿Ø

p∂ thcp-I

ƒSo®¿

So®¿

So®¿

So®¿

So®¿sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

Poh

nXw ]

S¿Ø

p∂ thcp-I

ƒ2

45

• hyXy-kvX- Im-eL´-ß-fn¬ ae-bm -f -Øn -ep -≠mb IY-Iƒ, t\mh-ep-Iƒ apX-em-bh hmbn-°p -Ibpw Ah-bpsS]tabw, cN-\m-Im-ew,BJym-\-co-Xn, cN-\m-X¥w F∂n-h -bpsSk h n - t i - j - X - I ƒIs≠Øn N¿®, kwhm-Zw, Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ hnhn[ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p∂kmaq -lnI -Po -hnXw ,`mj F∂nh-bpsS]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Fgp-Xp-∂p.

]h¿Ø-\-k-abw : 24 ]ncoUv

bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• c≠n-S-ßgn • Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Pohn-®n-cp∂Ime-L-S-ØnsekmaqlnI Ahÿ, IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ, hy‡n-_-‘-ßƒ F∂nh ]Xn-^-en-°p∂ [mcmfw cN-\-Iƒ\ΩpsS kmln-Xy-Øn-ep-≠v.

$ cN-\-I-fnse ]tabw,BJym-\-coXn, `mj F∂n-h-bnse sshhn[ywAhsb IqSp-X¬BI¿jI-am-°p-∂p.

• N¿®

$ kqN-\-IƒIs≠Ø¬

$ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬

• N¿®-bn-en-S-s]´vkwkm-cn-°¬

$ Is≠-ØnbkqN-\-IfpsSAh-X-cWw


$ N¿®-bnse]¶m-fnØw

$ Bi-b-ß-fpsSAh-X-c-Ww.

$ ]InbmL´ßƒ


ebmfw

]Ø

v

24

6A

Sn-ÿ

m\

-]m-Tm-hen

• IY-I-fnse it≤-b-cmb IYm]mXß-fpsSkz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ,a ‰ p - ≈ - h - t c m - S p ≈CSs]S¬, IY-bnseÿ m \ w F ∂ n hIs≠Øn -\n-cq-]WwXbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ ]pXnb ImesØ Imhy-`m -j Xncn -® -dn™vhymJym -\n -°p -Ibpw\qX-\-k-µ¿`-ß-fn¬]tbm -K n -° p -Ibp wsNøp-∂p.


bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• HmtcmhnfnbpwImØv

• IpSpw-_-_-‘-ß-fpsSDujva-fX, ]hn-XXF∂nh ]ta-b-amb[mcmfw IY-Iƒ ae-bm-fØnep≠v.

$ ]Z-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏v,]Z-t®cp-hp-I-fpsSHuNnXyw, khn-ti-j-]-tbm-K-ßƒ, ssien F∂n-h-bpsS kµ¿`m-\p-k-c-W-ap≈ D]-tbmKw F∂nhcN-\sb IqSp-X¬BkzmZy-am-°p-∂p.

• N¿®

$ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°¬

$ hnK-ln®v Fgp-X¬

$ IY-b-cßv

• ]I-S\w

$ Ipdn∏v

$ ]Z-t®cp-hIƒ

$ Ah-X-cWw

$ N¿®-bnseCSs]S¬

$ Ipdn∏v

$ ]Z-t®-cp-hp-Iƒ\n¿Ωn-°m\pw hnK-ln-°m-\pap≈Ignh.v

$ IY-I-ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXnse HuNnXyw.

$ Ah-X-cW anIhv

Poh

nXw ]

S¿

Øp∂

thcp-I

ƒ2

47

24

7Poh

nXw ]

S¿Ø

p∂ thcp-I

ƒSo®¿

So®¿

So®¿

So®¿

So®¿sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

sSIvÃv

Poh

nXw ]

S¿Ø

p∂ thcp-I

ƒ2

47

• Ihn-X-Iƒ hmbn®v Ah-bnse Na -¬°mcw,_nw_ -I -e v] -\ -Iƒ,khn-ti-j-]-tbm-K-ßƒF∂nh Xncn-®-dn™vBkz-Zn-°p-∂p. Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, hni-I-e-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂nhXbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ X∂n-cn-°p∂ hnj-b-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´]pXnb cN-\Iƒhmbn®pw N¿®-I -fn -te¿s∏´pw Zriykm-[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw a‰pw Kln®Bi-b-ßƒ \qX-\-k-µ¿`-ß-fn¬ (N¿®, D]-\ym-kw) ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.


bqWn‰vhn-i-I-e\w

Bibw/[mcW

][m\]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ




• AΩ-sØm-ń¬

• Ihn-X-Iƒ hmbn-®-mkzm-Zn-°p∂Xpw Ipdn∏pIƒXbm-dm-°p-∂Xpw XpS¿hmb-\-bn-tev°pw k¿Km-flI cN-\-bn-te°pw \bn-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.

$ hnhn[ cN-\-Iƒ hmbn®pwN¿®-I-fn¬ G¿s∏´pwZriy-km-[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw B¿Pn-°p∂ A\p-`-h-ßƒhyXykvX Bhn-jvImccq]-ß-fn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

• CuWw Is≠-Ø¬

$ N¿®

$ hymJym-\n®vFgp-X¬

$ \nK-a-\-ßƒcq]o-I-cn-°¬

$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

$ D]-\ymkw

• Bem-]\w

$ ]I-S\w

$ Ipdn∏v

$ Is≠-Ønb \nK-a-\-ß-fpsS Ah-X-c-Ww.

$ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

$ D]-\ymkw

$ CuWw, Xmfw,`mhw, ]¶m-fn-Øw.

$ N¿®-bnseCSs]S¬

$ Ipdn∏v

$ Ah-X-cWw,bp‡n.

$ ]InbmL -ßƒ,Bkzm-Z\°pdn∏v

$ ]In-bm-L- -ßƒ* N¿®* Ipdn∏v* Bi-b]Sw* D]-\ymkw

Documents

1 Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2016/teachertext-10/std___x_mal.pdf · So®¿So®¿So®¿sSIvÃv Imem-Xo-Xw Imhy-hn-kvabw 59 Zn°p∂tXmsSm∏w Imhy`mjbpsS