Slide 2 1 Implication and Opportunities for GTOS from WCC-3
Outcomes Observing and Information Systems Department W. ZHANG, WMO
Secretariat GTOS SC Session 4, Paris, France, 30 Nov- 2 Dec, 2009
Slide 3 World Climate Conference-3: a historic event Better climate
information for a better future Thank you MerciGracias Thank you
MerciGracias Slide 4 The road to WCC-3 1 st WCC (1979) 2 nd WCC
(1990) Climate variability/change impacts on all socioeconomic
sectors A Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) required A
Cg-XV decision (2007) A 2-year preparatory process International
Organizing Committee Preparation with Members Slide 5 Conference
opening Slide 6 Conference Experts Segment Slide 7 High-level
Segment participation Slide 8 High-level Segment opening Slide 9
WCC-3 High-level Declaration (approved on 3 September 2009) DO 1
We, Heads of State and Government, Ministers and Heads of
Delegation present at the High-level Segment of the World Climate
Conference-3 (WCC-3) in Geneva, noting the findings of the Expert
Segment of the Conference; OP 1 Decide to establish a Global
Framework for Climate Services (hereafter referred to as the
Framework) to strengthen production, availability, delivery and
application of science-based climate prediction and services; OP 2
Request the Secretary-General of WMO to convene within four months
of the adoption of the Declaration an intergovernmental meeting of
member states of the WMO to approve the terms of reference and to
endorse the composition of a task force of high-level, independent
advisors to be appointed by the Secretary-General of the WMO with
due consideration to expertise, geographical and gender balance; OP
3 Decide that the task force will, after wide consultation with
governments, partner organizations and relevant stakeholders,
prepare a report, including recommendations on proposed elements of
the Framework, to the Secretary-General of WMO within 12 months of
the task force being set up. The report should contain findings and
proposed next steps for developing and implementing a Framework. In
the development of their report, the taskforce will take into
account the concepts outlined in the annexed Brief Note; OP 4
Decide further that the report of the task force shall be
circulated by the Secretary-General of WMO to Member States of the
WMO for consideration at the next WMO Congress in 2011, with a view
to the adoption of a Framework and a plan for its implementation;
and OP 5 Invite the Secretary-General of WMO to provide the report
to relevant organizations, including the UN Secretary-General.
Slide 10 WCC-3 High-level Declaration (approved on 3 September
2009) DO 1 We, Heads of State and Government, Ministers and Heads
of Delegation present at the High-level Segment of the World
Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3) in Geneva, noting the findings of the
Expert Segment of the Conference; OP 1 Decide to establish a Global
Framework for Climate Services (hereafter referred to as the
Framework) to strengthen production, availability, delivery and
application of science-based climate prediction and services; OP 2
Request the Secretary-General of WMO to convene within four months
of the adoption of the Declaration an intergovernmental meeting of
member states of the WMO to approve the terms of reference and to
endorse the composition of a task force of high-level, independent
advisors to be appointed by the Secretary-General of the WMO with
due consideration to expertise, geographical and gender balance; OP
3 Decide that the task force will, after wide consultation with
governments, partner organizations and relevant stakeholders,
prepare a report, including recommendations on proposed elements of
the Framework, to the Secretary-General of WMO within 12 months of
the task force being set up. The report should contain findings and
proposed next steps for developing and implementing a Framework. In
the development of their report, the taskforce will take into
account the concepts outlined in the annexed Brief Note; OP 4
Decide further that the report of the task force shall be
circulated by the Secretary-General of WMO to Member States of the
WMO for consideration at the next WMO Congress in 2011, with a view
to the adoption of a Framework and a plan for its implementation;
and OP 5 Invite the Secretary-General of WMO to provide the report
to relevant organizations, including the UN Secretary-General.
Decide to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services Slide
11 WCC-3 closure Slide 12 Key WCC-3 statistics 13 messages by Heads
of State/Governments + 3 on their behalf 57 Ministers or equivalent
officials also addressed the HLS 14 Executive Heads of UN Agencies
& Programmes present 17 major contributors to Conference trust
fund ~ 2500 participants/exceptional developing country
participation ~ 23k WCC-3 web site visits during the period Slide
13 The way ahead Within 4 months, to convene an intergovernmental
meeting to approve the terms of reference and to endorse the
composition of a task force of high-level, independent advisors
Within 4+12 = 16 months to receive the task forces Report and
recommendations on the proposed GFCS Before Cg-XVI (2011), to
submit the Report to WMO Members To provide the Report to relevant
organizations The beginning of a process! Slide 14 13 Slide 15 W MO
I NTEGRATED G LOBAL O BSERVING S YSTEM (WIGOS) Building on the past
success and make the best things better Slide 16 WMO GOS
Space-based development 19611978 19902009 Slide 17 Convergence of
N.Hem and S.Hem Medium Range Forecast skill 1981 2004 Slide 18
Impact of satellite observations on reanalyses N-15N-16N-17 AQUA
AIRS+AMSUA SH scores = NH scores Slide 19 A Seamless Climate
Prediction Framework Forecast Lead Time Warnings & Alert
Coordination Watches Forecasts Threats Assessments Guidance Outlook
Predictio n ApplicationsTransportationTransportation Protection of
Life & Property Space Applications RecreationRecreation
EcosystemEcosystem State/Local Planning EnvironmentEnvironment
Water Management A griculture Water Resource Planning EnergyEnergy
CommerceCommerce HydropowerHydropower Fire Weather HealthHealth
ForecastUncertaintyForecastUncertainty Initial Conditions Boundary
Conditions Minutes Hours Days 1 Week 2 Weeks Months Seasons Years
Weather Climate Variability Scenarios Anthropogenic Forcing Climate
Change. Adapted from: NOAA Decades Centuries Slide 20 El Nio
Challenges: Climate Change and severe disasters, increasing society
needs for improved services Hail&Lightning Avalanches Flash
floods Tornadoes Wildland fires & haze Hot & cold spells
Heavy precipitations (rain or snow) Droughts Storm surges Storm
(winds) River basin flooding Mud & landslides Ice Storms
Tropical cyclones Dust storms Slide 21 Need an Integrated Global
Observing System Going Beyond the WWW Slide 22 Studying Earth as a
Complex System Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection
and Transmission Surface Temperature
EvaporationCurrentsUpwellingCirculation Surface Winds Precipitation
Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature
EvaporationCurrentsUpwelling InfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading
Surface Temperature CurrentsInfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading
Surface Temperature Currents Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection
and Transmission EvaporationTranspiration Surface Temperature
Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission
EvaporationTranspiration Surface Temperature Land Ocean Atmosphere
Slide 23 WIGOS: Overview CONGRESS XV (2007) High priority --
Towards Enhanced Integration between the WMO Observing Systems
(WIGOS) WMO Executive Council Established a WG on WIGOS-WIS Develop
an WIGOS Implementation Plan Refine the WIS-Implementation Plan
Monitor the Progress of the Pilot and Demo projects Slide 24 WIGOS
Vision WIGOS will establish an integrated, comprehensive and
coordinated observing system to satisfy in a cost- effective and
sustained manner the evolving observing requirements of WMO Members
and enhance coordination with partners for the benefit of society.
Slide 25 QMF Standards Instruments and methods of observation
standards WIS Standards for Data & Metadata exchange &
Discovery, Access and Retrieval (DAR) Services Observations for
Weather, Climate, Water, Ocean, Data Processing and Forecasting
Archiving Users Active Quality Management Three areas of
Integrations/Standardizations Slide 26 Importance of observations :
From Observations to Consequences Understanding Models Predictions
Consequences Validation Assimilation Initialization Monitoring
Analysis Observations The availability of new observations strongly
motivates advances in understanding, prediction, and application.
Slide 27 Timeline @ WIGOS IP June 2006 May 2007 June 2008 June 2009
June 2010 May 2011 EC-LVIIIEC-LXEC-LXIEC-LXIICg-XV Cg-XVI EC LVIII
initiated work toward enhanced integration between the WMO
observing systems; establishes EC Task Team on WIGOS Cg-XV decided
to embark on WIGOS via Res. 30 (CG XV); initiated WMO Programme and
structural changes; EC-LIX established EC WG on WIGOS/WIS; EC LX
agreed to WIGOS Concept of Operations and WIGOS Development and
Implementation Plan V1.1 CBS XIV Review progress and update plans
as appropriate Review progress, update plans; Pilot Projects
completed and evaluated; Propose changes to Tech Regs, structure,
etc; Prepare for CG XVI Cg-XVI receives final report of EC WG
WIGOS/WIS CONCEPT REALITY NOW Slide 28 WIGOS Benefits Improved
observing networks operations Increased access to observational
data and products with improved quality More efficient use of all
available resources (cost- effectiveness) Better preparedness to
incorporate new observing systems and to interface with WMO
co-sponsored observing systems Allowing Members to more efficient
and effectively respond to new challenges and evolving user service
requirements. Slide 29 No.1 Priority: fill-in the gaps Ocean
Terrestrial Atmospheric chemistry For example: How to carry on
Polar Regions and Cryosphere observation on operational basis?
Linkage to GTOS Slide 30 The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2
million years. Slide 31 1979 Slide 32 2003 Slide 33 Tiksi, Russia
Alert, CanadaBarrow, Alaska Eureka, Canada Summit, Greenland
Ny-Alesund, Svalbard Establishing Intensive Atmospheric
Observatories In the Arctic is the component of NOAA/SEARCH being
directed by ESRL Slide 34 Temperature-salinity observations under
ice Slide 35 IPY legacy issues Assessment of IPY observing system
covered all projects within the domains: Atmosphere, Ocean, Ice,
Land, People, Earth & Space Legacy: Make the IPY project
outcome durable Safeguard continued availability of data and
results to the community Support observing sites & facilities
established through or within the IPY to continue polar monitoring
and research Slide 36 No. 2 priority: ensuring the quality of the
observations: Climate observations Slide 37 Slide 38 data
Methodology: standardization: Instruments: Standardize the
instruments, especially the performance of the absolute accuracy
(long-term) Science: Seek the best science- based algorithms
(standards?) Technology: Standardize the data processing procedures
(modules) Validation: procedures and standards, global supersites
networks, etc. International coordination (compliance and
acceptance). products information knowledge Slide 39 Science
Algorithm Development/ Procurement Science Algorithm Verification
Science to Operational Algorithm Migration Operational Algorithm
Performance Verification Delivered Science Algorithms ATBD
Science-grade code Test Sets Operational Algorithms Operational
Algorithm Document Operational-grade code Operational Algorithm
Cal/Val User Operational Algorithm Assessment Verified Science
Algorithms ATBD Science-grade code Test Sets OADs Discrepancy
Reports Operation Performance Calibrated/Validated Operational
Algorithms Calibration Coefficients Operational-grade code
Discrepancy reports New calibration coefficients Correction
requests Incomplete delivery Non-compliant products Failure
Analysis Science Discrepancy Reports Timeliness failure Quality
failure EDR Test output Verified Operational Algorithms
Operational-grade code Operational Verification Test Reports Pass
Fail - Timeliness failure - Quality failure Sensor and Operating
Environment Characterization NPOESS Algorithms as Key Inputs to
User Models Specific IPTs have responsibility and budget for
assigned algorithm activities within program phases Payload IPT SE
IPT IDPS IPT ST&E IPT O&S IPT Slide 40 NPOESS products
delivered at multiple levels Slide 41 Organizational Structure of
WMO (188 Members )CONGRESS Executive Council Regional Associations
Technical Commissions Working Groups Rapporteurs Working Groups
Rapporteurs Other Bodies JSC-WCRP, IPCC JSTC-GCOS Working Groups
Panel of Experts Secretary-GeneralSecretariat WMO/OMM Slide 42 WMO
Secretariat structure: rational clustering Slide 43 Slide 44 WMO
Space Programme coordinated effort Sustained Co-Ordinated
Processing of Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring
(SCOPE-CM) Response to GCOS Requirements Slide 45 Space-based
Component WMOs Global Observing System (GOS) Slide 46 Introduction:
Satellites supporting Climate Applications Climate process studies
Operational climate monitoring Climate variability Trend analysis
Adaptation and mitigation Climate Applications In situ observation
simulations Satellite observations Decision making Slide 47
Maximizing Data Quality and Usability Users Satellites &
sensors Satellite data Essential Climate products GOS GSICS
Consistent Calibrated data sets SCOPE-CM Sustained CO-ordinated
Processing of Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring
(SCOPE-CM) Global products Sustained into the future Coordinated
globally Slide 48 GSICS: Opportunities for Cross-Calibration /
Validation Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses (SNO) GSICS: Opportunities
for Cross-Calibration / Validation Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses
(SNO) LEO vs. LEO Cross- Comparison GEO vs. LEO Cross- Comparison
LEO vs. LEO Inter- Calibration MetOp (1,2 or 3) [AM] &
EOS/Hyperion e.g. MetOp (1,2 or 3) [AM] & NPP [PM] = similar
MetOp (1,2 or 3) [AM] & NPOESS (C1 or C3) [PM] = similar NPOESS
(C2 or C4) [early AM] & NPOESS (C1 or C3) [early PM] NOAA-18
[AM] & EOS-Terra [PM] e,g MetOp (1,2 or 3) [AM] & NPP [PM]
= similar MetOp (1,2 or 3) [AM] & NPOESS (C1 or C3) [PM] =
similar NPOESS (C2 or C4) [early AM] & NPOESS (C1 or C3) [early
PM] EOS/Hyperion & GOES-R e,g Any LEO & Any GEO = similar
Orbit Trajectories courtesy of Changyong Cao and Mitch Goldberg,
NOAA/NESDIS Slide 49 WMOs SCOPE-CM initiative: goals and structure
Initial Participants of the SCOPE-CM Network Operational Satellite
operators: NOAA JMA CMA EUMETSAT Stakeholder WMO Space Programme
GCOS CEOS CGMS/GSICS Slide 50 SCOPE-CM Pilot Projects SensorsECVs
and topicsLeadContributors 1AVHRR Clouds and Aerosols 2SSM/I Water
vapour, clouds, precipitation 3GEO Surface albedo, clouds and
aerosols 4GEO Winds and clear sky radiances 5GEO Upper tropospheric
humidity Slide 51 Pilot project examples: Project 1 AVHRR cloud
effective droplet radius 30 year of AVHRR data after re-
calibration Processing and validation started for selected regions
Slide 52 Pilot project examples: Project 2 SSM/I 20 years data set
water vapour over ocean: MPI-Meteorology University Hamburg
Research To Operations Slide 53 Pilot project examples: Project 4
Clear Sky Radiance from JMA Geostationary satellites currently
processing 200 9 15-year Clear Sky Radiance data set from 1995 to
2009 CSR from GMS-5 on 22 Jan 1999 CSR from MTSAT-1R on 22 Jan 2009
Slide 54 Urban Growth -- Las Vegas, Nevada Population: 358,000
1,560,000 1973 2000 Slide 55 NO 2 Images for April 15, 2004 NASA
Slide 56 55 ECV Name INSitu,SATellite, EQUal_importance Global data
sets produced? In situ data used and source? Validation of methods
& Products AlbedoSATY Y (countries/WMO) Underway BiomassEQUNo
Fire DisturbanceSATY Y (projects)Underway FAPARSATY Y
(projects)Underway Glaciers&Ice Caps EQUY Y (GTN-G) Underway
(for satellite) Ground WaterINSNo Countries Lake Levels and
Reservoir Storage EQUNo Network in development Land CoverSATY Y
(projects)Underway Leaf Area IndexSATY Y (projects)Underway
PermafrostINSY Y (GTN-P)Operational* River DischargeINSY Y
(countries/ WMO)Operational* Soil MoistureEQUNo Y (WMO) Snow
CoverEQUY Y (countries/ WMO)Underway (for satellite) Water Use
INSNo GTOS Achievements: ECVs Slide 57 56 CRD Maturity
Research-Operations NOAA LEAD R-O Slide 58 The Way Forward In
conclusion, both satellite and in situ data are required to better
monitor, characterize, and predict changes in the Earth system.
While in situ measurements will remain essential, Earth-observation
satellites are the only realistic means to obtain the necessary
global coverage. With well-calibrated and validated measurements
(integration between in situ and space) can jointly make most
important contribution to global Earth observations. Partnership is
essential: Old proverb: If you want to go quickly, go alone, if you
want to go far, go together. If you want to quickly and far ??
Slide 59 58 Slide 60 WIGOS Web Page
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en.html
