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Inter-industrial Structure in the Asia-Pacific Region: Inter-industrial Structure in the Asia-Pacific Region: Growth and Integration, Growth and Integration,

by using the 2000 Asian International Input-Output Tableby using the 2000 Asian International Input-Output Table

Bo Meng, Hajime Sato, Jun Nakamura, Hiroshi Kuwamori and Satoshi Inomata (IDE)Bo Meng, Hajime Sato, Jun Nakamura, Hiroshi Kuwamori and Satoshi Inomata (IDE)

2006/05/30 ABCDE Tokyo2006/05/30 ABCDE Tokyo

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PurposePurpose

to summarize the characteristics and patterns of change to summarize the characteristics and patterns of change in industrial structures and trade structures of the in industrial structures and trade structures of the countries in Asia-Pacific region from the three viewpoints countries in Asia-Pacific region from the three viewpoints of time, space, and industry, by using the AIO table for of time, space, and industry, by using the AIO table for 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000.1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000.

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ContentsContents

Introduction of AIO TableIntroduction of AIO Table Industrial Structures and Growth Patterns of Asian CountriesIndustrial Structures and Growth Patterns of Asian Countries Asian Countries’ Trade Structures and Patterns of ChangeAsian Countries’ Trade Structures and Patterns of Change Backward Linkages and Final Demand InterdependenceBackward Linkages and Final Demand Interdependence ConclusionConclusion

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1. Comparison between AIO Tables at 5 Different Time 1. Comparison between AIO Tables at 5 Different Time PointsPoints

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2. Layout of the AIO Table 20002. Layout of the AIO Table 2000

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3. Industrial Structures and Growth Patterns of Asian Countries3. Industrial Structures and Growth Patterns of Asian Countries3.1A Industrial Structure Defined by Gross Domestic Output3.1A Industrial Structure Defined by Gross Domestic Output

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3.1B Typology of Industrial Structure (24-sector base)3.1B Typology of Industrial Structure (24-sector base)

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3.2 Industrial Structure Defined by Specialization Coefficient3.2 Industrial Structure Defined by Specialization Coefficient

001001 PaddyPaddy002002 Other agricultural productsOther agricultural products003003 Livestock and poultryLivestock and poultry004004 ForestryForestry005005 FisheryFishery006006 Crude petroleum and naturCrude petroleum and natur

al gasal gas007007 Other miningOther mining008008 Food, beverage and tobaccFood, beverage and tobacc

oo009009 Textile, leather, and the proTextile, leather, and the pro

ducts thereofducts thereof010010 Timber and wooden producTimber and wooden produc

tsts011011 Pulp, paper and printingPulp, paper and printing012012 Chemical productsChemical products013013 Petroleum and petro produPetroleum and petro produ

ctscts019019 Other manufacturing produOther manufacturing produ

ctscts014014 Rubber productsRubber products015015 Non-metallic mineral produNon-metallic mineral produ

ctscts016016 Metal productsMetal products017017 MachineryMachinery018018 Transport equipmentTransport equipment019019 Other manufacturing produOther manufacturing produ

ctscts020020 Electricity, gas, and water sElectricity, gas, and water s

upplyupply021021 ConstructionConstruction022022 Trade and transportTrade and transport023023 ServicesServices024024 Public administrationPublic administration

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4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4.1A Changes in Regional Trade in East Asia4.1A Changes in Regional Trade in East Asia

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4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4.1B Changes in Regional Trade in East Asia4.1B Changes in Regional Trade in East Asia

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4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4. Asian Countries' Trade Structures and Patterns of Change 4.2 Structural Changes in Interindustry Trade4.2 Structural Changes in Interindustry Trade

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5. Backward/Forward Linkages of Asian Countries5. Backward/Forward Linkages of Asian Countries

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5.1 Backward Linkages of Asian Countries5.1 Backward Linkages of Asian Countries

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5. Key findings about Backward Linkage effects5. Key findings about Backward Linkage effects In summary, the presence of Japan and the United States In summary, the presence of Japan and the United States

remains huge in the Asia-Pacific region under review.remains huge in the Asia-Pacific region under review. the comparison with the 1995 table indicates that, first, the the comparison with the 1995 table indicates that, first, the

interdependence in the region is intensifying.interdependence in the region is intensifying. second, the importance of China and Korea, and particularly of second, the importance of China and Korea, and particularly of

China, appear to be rising in Asia-Pacific region.China, appear to be rising in Asia-Pacific region.

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6. Final Demand Interdependence of Asian Countries6. Final Demand Interdependence of Asian Countries

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6. Key findings about Final Demand 6. Key findings about Final Demand Interdependence Interdependence

(1) On an all-industry basis, Asian countries tend to increase their dependence on overseas markets, with Indonesia, Thailand, and Taiwan standing out in this respect.

(2) Japan and the United States still maintain overwhelming presence among Asian countries.

(4) China's influence is rapidly expanding in all countries under review, with its influence particularly pronounced in heavy industry.

(5) Interdependence within the ASEAN region is relatively small, except between Malaysia and Singapore. But Thailand and Malaysia are deepening their interdependence.

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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Maturing of NIES, catch-up by ASEAN, rise of ChinaMaturing of NIES, catch-up by ASEAN, rise of China→→Asian financial crisis(1997)→ASEAN and Korea were affected, Mainland China felt little impact→Asian financial crisis(1997)→ASEAN and Korea were affected, Mainland China felt little impact→

Chinese economy has boosted it presence in Asian region.Chinese economy has boosted it presence in Asian region.

Industrial structure: share of service sector is increasingly expanding in JP, USA, and NIES. ASIndustrial structure: share of service sector is increasingly expanding in JP, USA, and NIES. ASEAN are shifting the focus to secondary industry, China, as an old industrial nation has risen aEAN are shifting the focus to secondary industry, China, as an old industrial nation has risen as a new industrial nation (joined the group of ASEAN).s a new industrial nation (joined the group of ASEAN).

Trade structure: a structure revolving around JP and USA→Trade structure: a structure revolving around JP and USA→ 　　 Three-pillared structure led by JThree-pillared structure led by JP, USA, and China. China depends heavily on JP and USA and is only recently expanding trade P, USA, and China. China depends heavily on JP and USA and is only recently expanding trade with Korea and Taiwan. China’s presence in ASEAN region is not yet as large as that of JP and with Korea and Taiwan. China’s presence in ASEAN region is not yet as large as that of JP and USA.USA.

FTAs and EPSs→Diversification of regional trade→intensified interdependence among countrieFTAs and EPSs→Diversification of regional trade→intensified interdependence among countries in Asia. In terms of the backward linkage effects, China has the largest power of dispersion.s in Asia. In terms of the backward linkage effects, China has the largest power of dispersion.

Export market: Asian countries have achieved economic growth by increasing their dependence Export market: Asian countries have achieved economic growth by increasing their dependence on JP and USA’s market. China’s growth has enabled it to offer an export market for Asian couon JP and USA’s market. China’s growth has enabled it to offer an export market for Asian countries. The intra-ASEAN market appears to have little growing.ntries. The intra-ASEAN market appears to have little growing.

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Thank you very much for your kind attentionThank you very much for your kind attention