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iOS Programming

Xcode操作環境基本介紹

Xcode開始對話窗 版本 5.11

建立新專案

專案類型

基本專案類型

專案屬性設定

目標裝置類型

Xcode主要工作區畫面1.點選專案基本設定

3.檢查目標裝置類型

4.可支援姿態設定

2.目標作業系統版本

5.執行

專案導覽區

專案基本設定檔

Frameworks

畫面配置檔

App主要類別

ViewController對應類別

畫面配置Stroyboard

主要編輯區

ViewController屬性設定區

工具區

流程測試Seque起始 ViewController設定

Objective-C語言概論

Objective-C語言概論 變數及資料型態 條件與迴圈控制 輸出 NSLog

Objective-C類別的制定與使用– 類別宣告– 方法制定和使用

BOOL◦ BOOL isBool = YES;

◦ NSLog(@"%d", isBool);

◦ NSLog(@"%@", isBool ? @"YES" : @"NO");

char◦ char aChar = 'a';

◦ unsigned char anUnsignedChar = 255;

◦ NSLog(@"The letter %c is ASCII number %hhd", aChar, aChar);

◦ NSLog(@"%hhu", anUnsignedChar);

short◦ short aShort = -32768;

◦ unsigned short anUnsignedShort = 65535;

◦ NSLog(@"%hd", aShort);

◦ NSLog(@"%hu", anUnsignedShort);

int◦ int anInt = -2147483648;

◦ unsigned int anUnsignedInt = 4294967295;

◦ NSLog(@"%d", anInt);

◦ NSLog(@"%u", anUnsignedInt);

long◦ long aLong = -9223372036854775808;

◦ unsigned long anUnsignedLong = 18446744073709551615;

◦ NSLog(@"%ld", aLong);

◦ NSLog(@"%lu", anUnsignedLong);

long long◦ long long aLongLong = -9223372036854775808;

◦ unsigned long long anUnsignedLongLong = 18446744073709551615;

◦ NSLog(@"%lld", aLongLong);

◦ NSLog(@"%llu", anUnsignedLongLong);

變數Integer Types

float◦ float aFloat = -21.09f;◦ NSLog(@"%f", aFloat); ◦ NSLog(@"%8.2f", aFloat);

double◦ double aDouble = -21.09; ◦ NSLog(@"%8.2f", aDouble); ◦ NSLog(@"%e", aDouble);

long double◦ long double aLongDouble = -21.09e8L;◦ NSLog(@"%Lf", aLongDouble); ◦ NSLog(@"%Le", aLongDouble)

變數Floating-Point Types

Creating ◦ NSString *make = @"Porsche";◦ int year = 1968; ◦ NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"That's a %@ %@ from %d!", make, model, year];

Enumerating◦ unichar letter = [make characterAtIndex:i];

Comparing ◦ NSString *car = @"Porsche Boxster"; ◦ if ([car isEqualToString:@"Porsche Boxster"]) { ◦ } ◦ if ([car hasPrefix:@"Porsche"]) { ◦ } ◦ if ([car hasSuffix:@"Carrera"]) { ◦ }

◦ NSString *otherCar = @"Ferrari"; ◦ NSComparisonResult result = [car compare:otherCar]; ◦ if (result == NSOrderedAscending) { ◦ } else if (result == NSOrderedSame) { ◦ } else if (result == NSOrderedDescending) ◦ }

變數NSString

Combining ◦ NSString *make = @"Ferrari"; ◦ NSString *model = @"458 Spider"; ◦ NSString *car = [make stringByAppendingString:model]; ◦ car = [make stringByAppendingFormat:@" %@", model];

Searching◦ NSString *car = @"Maserati GranCabrio"; ◦ NSRange searchResult = [car rangeOfString:@"Cabrio"]; ◦ if (searchResult.location == NSNotFound) { ◦ NSLog(@"Search string was not found"); ◦ } else { ◦ NSLog(@"'Cabrio' starts at index %lu and is %lu characters long", searchResult.location, searchResult.length); ◦ }

Subdividing ◦ NSString *car = @"Maserati GranTurismo"; ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car substringToIndex:8]); ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car substringFromIndex:9]); ◦ NSRange range = NSMakeRange(9, 4); ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car substringWithRange:range]);

◦ NSString *models = @"Porsche,Ferrari,Maserati"; ◦ NSArray *modelsAsArray = [models componentsSeparatedByString:@","];◦ NSLog(@"%@", [modelsAsArray objectAtIndex:1]);

變數NSString

Replacing ◦ NSString *elise = @"Lotus Elise";◦ NSRange range = NSMakeRange(6, 5);◦ NSString *exige = [elise stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:@"Exige"];◦ NSString *evora = [exige stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@“Exige” withString:@"Evora"];

Changing Case ◦ NSString *car = @"lotUs beSpoKE"; ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car lowercaseString]); ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car uppercaseString]); ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [car capitalizedString]);

Numerical Conversions◦ NSString *year = @"2012"; ◦ BOOL asBool = [year boolValue]; ◦ int asInt = [year intValue]; ◦ NSInteger asInteger = [year integerValue]; ◦ long long asLongLong = [year longLongValue]; ◦ float asFloat = [year floatValue]; ◦ double asDouble = [year doubleValue];

變數NSString

The id Type◦ id mysteryObject = @"An NSString object"; ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [mysteryObject description]); ◦ mysteryObject = @{@"model": @"Ford", @"year": @1967}; ◦ NSLog(@"%@", [mysteryObject description]);

The SEL Type◦ SEL someMethod = @selector(sayHello);

NSInteger and NSUInteger

Objective-C Primitives

Creating ◦ NSArray *germanMakes = @[@"Mercedes-Benz", @"BMW", @"Porsche", @"Opel", @"Volkswagen", @"Audi"];◦ NSArray *ukMakes = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Aston Martin", @"Lotus", @"Jaguar", @"Bentley", nil]; ◦ NSLog(@"First german make: %@", germanMakes[0]); ◦ NSLog(@"First U.K. make: %@", [ukMakes objectAtIndex:0]);

Enumerating ◦ for (NSString *item in germanMakes) { ◦ NSLog(@"%@", item); ◦ } ◦ for (int i=0; i<[germanMakes count]; i++) { ◦ NSLog(@"%d: %@", i, germanMakes[i]); ◦ }

Membership Checking◦ if ([germanMakes containsObject:@"BMW"]) { ◦ NSLog(@"BMW is a German auto maker"); ◦ } ◦ NSUInteger index = [germanMakes indexOfObject:@"BMW"]; ◦ if (index == NSNotFound) { ◦ NSLog(@"Well that's not quite right..."); ◦ } else { ◦ NSLog(@"BMW is a German auto maker and is at index %ld", index); ◦ }

陣列NSArray

Creating◦ NSMutableArray *brokenCars = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects: @"Audi A6", @"BMW Z3", @"Audi

Quattro", @"Audi TT", nil];

Adding and Removing Objects◦ [brokenCars addObject:@"BMW F25"]; ◦ [brokenCars removeLastObject]; ◦ [brokenCars insertObject:@"BMW F25" atIndex:0]; ◦ [brokenCars removeObjectAtIndex:0];◦ [brokenCars removeObject:@"Audi Quattro"];◦ [brokenCars replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"Audi Q5"];

可變陣列NSMutableArray

Creating NSDictionary *inventory = @{ @"Mercedes-Benz SLK250" : [NSNumber numberWithInt:13], @"Mercedes-Benz E350" : [NSNumber numberWithInt:22], @"BMW M3 Coupe" : [NSNumber numberWithInt:19], @"BMW X6" : [NSNumber numberWithInt:16], };

inventory = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithInt:13], @"Mercedes-Benz SLK250", [NSNumber numberWithInt:22], @"Mercedes-Benz E350", [NSNumber numberWithInt:19], @"BMW M3 Coupe", [NSNumber numberWithInt:16], @"BMW X6", nil];

NSArray *models = @[@"Mercedes-Benz SLK250", @"Mercedes-Benz E350", @"BMW M3 Coupe", @"BMW X6"];

NSArray *stock = @[[NSNumber numberWithInt:13], [NSNumber numberWithInt:22], [NSNumber numberWithInt:19], [NSNumber numberWithInt:16]];

inventory = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:stock forKeys:models]; NSLog(@"%@", inventory);

NSDictionary

Accessing Values and KeysNSLog(@"There are %@ X6's in stock", inventory[@"BMW X6"]);

NSLog(@"There are %@ E350's in stock", [inventory objectForKey:@"Mercedes-Benz E350"]);

NSArray *outOfStock = [inventory allKeysForObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt:0]];

NSLog(@"The following cars are currently out of stock: %@", [outOfStock componentsJoinedByString:@", "]);

NSDictionary

Creating NSMutableDictionary *jobs = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:@{ @"Audi TT" : @"John", @"Audi Quattro (Black)" : @"Mary", @"Audi Quattro (Silver)" : @"Bill", @"Audi A7" : @"Bill" }];

Adding and Removing Entries[jobs setObject:@"Mary" forKey:@"Audi TT"]; [jobs removeObjectForKey:@"Audi A7"]; jobs[@"Audi R8 GT"] = @"Jack";

Combining DictionariesNSDictionary *bakerStreetJobs = @{ @"BMW 640i" : @"Dick", @"BMW X5" : @"Brad" }; [jobs addEntriesFromDictionary:bakerStreetJobs];

NSMutableDictionary

條件與迴圈控制 條件控制語法和Ｃ語言相同：

if(condition){…} if(condition){…}else{…} switch(condition){…}

三種迴圈形式與Ｃ語言相同： for(…;…;…){…} while(condition){…} do{…} while(condition);

輸出 NSLog 雖然仍可以使用 printf但在 Objective-C中建議使用 NSLog， 語法與 printf類似，但字串前需加上＠用以代表是 NSString型態。◦ printf("Hello World %d",x);◦ NSLog(@"Hello World %d",x);

#import 在 Objective-C中建議使用#import取代#include，#import具有修正重複引入的功能。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

#import "AppDelegate.h"

建立類別

類別的制定與宣告

選擇 Objective-C Class

類別名稱

父類別

類別的制定與宣告

類別制定範例#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface MyObject : NSObject{ int a,b,c; NSString *str;}-(void)sayHello;@end

@implementation MyObject-(void)sayHello{ NSLog(@"Hello");}@end

MyObject *obj = [[MyObject alloc] init]; [obj sayHello];

宣告

實作

建構和使用

事件控制範例

事件控制範例

一個 Objective-C類別的製定

@interface MyObject : NSObject @end

MyObject.h

@implementation MyObject@end MyObject.m

其中 .h檔用來宣告類別的成員變數和方法， .m檔則為方法的實作。

加上成員變數的範例@interface MyObject : NSObject{ int i; NSString *str;}@end

加上方法宣告和實作-(void)setUserName:(NSString*)name withAge:(int)age andGender:(NSString*)gender;

-(void)setUserName:(NSString*)name withAge:(int)age andGender:(NSString*)gender{ NSLog(@"Name:%@,Age:%d,Gender:%@",name,age,gender);}

MyObject *obj = [[MyObject alloc] init];[obj setUserName:@"John" withAge:30 andGender:@"M"];

宣告

實作

使用

標準物件建構方式MyObject *myObj= [[MyObject alloc] init]; -(id)init{ self = [super init]; return self;}

-(void)dealloc{ [super dealloc];}

@property @property可用來產生變數的 Getter和 Setter方法 如果@property 名稱和成員變數相同，在類別中的@property變數會自動轉成 _變數名稱

除非加上@synthesize指令

@interface MyObject : NSObject{NSString *str;} @property (strong,nonatomic) NSString *str;@end

@synthesize str=_str;