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資訊網絡分析資訊網絡分析Information Network AnalysisInformation Network Analysis
Textbook Hanneman, R. & Riddle, M. (2005), Introduction to Social Network
Methods, University of California, Riverside. References
Easley, D. & Kleinberg, J. (2010), Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World, Cambridge University Press.
Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M., & Johnson, J.C. (2013), Analyzing Social Networks, SAGE Publications.
Grading Midterm Quiz (15%) Midterm Report (20%) Final Exam. (25%) Final Report (25%) Homeworks, etc. (15%)
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Attention, Please!
Time
Attention
20 min
conclusion
AACSBAoL Learning Goal:1. Students will grasp the knowledge and understand applications of information technology. 1-1. Students will grasp the knowledge of information technology. 1-2. Students will demonstrate an understanding of information technology applications.
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Business Readings
Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other http://www.books.com.tw/products/F012743341
The App Generation: How Today’s Youth Navigate Identity, Intimacy, and Imagination in a Digital World
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010673129 It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens
http://www.books.com.tw/products/F013277993 Dot complicated: Untangling Our Wired Lives
http://www.books.com.tw/products/F013003565 The Digital Divide
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010554369 Too Big To Know
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010631097 Everything is Miscellaneous: The Power of The New Digital Disorder
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010400199 Net Smart: How to Thrive Online
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010650145
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Popular Science Readings
Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010246961
Superconnect http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010488473
Everything Is Obvious: Once You Know the Answer http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010593798
Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread ─ The Lessons from a New Science
http://www.books.com.tw/products/0010657275 Linked
http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=F010567313 Connected
http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=F012300027 Bursts: The Hidden Patterns Behind Everything We Do,
from Your E-mail to Bloody Crusades http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=F012433404
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Advances of Information Technologies
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From Websites to Web Applications (APPs)
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Usages of Social Media
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Rhythms of social interaction: Messaging within a massive online network (Golder et al., 2007)
Data: Facebook (www.facebook.com)
Result:
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Golder et al. (2007) (2/2)
fat-taildistribution
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Rhythms of Blogging
人氣前百大部落格之文章撰寫時間比例圖(小時)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
小時
撰寫時間比例
無名小站Yahoo!奇摩部落格Xuite日誌Blog鄉村台灣站
人氣前百大部落格之文章撰寫時間比例圖(星期)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
撰寫時間比例
無名小站 13% 14% 15% 15% 15% 14% 14%
Yahoo!奇摩部落格 13% 16% 16% 15% 14% 15% 12%
Xuite日誌 13% 15% 15% 14% 14% 14% 14%
Blog鄉村台灣站 14% 14% 15% 15% 14% 14% 13%
星期日 星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六
http://blog.xuite.net/
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Rhythms of PTT
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日
百分比
FJUFinGrad94b9202xxxTFG06winnerNCCU06FMGRADtabletennisKEROROReptileFengShuirainRockmanNTUDancing
0%2%4%6%8%
10%
12%14%16%18%20%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
時刻
百分比
rain
tabletennis
FJUFinGrad94
FengShui
TFG06winner
Reptile
NCCU06FMGRAD
b9202xxx
KERORO
Rockman
NTUDancing
https://www.ptt.cc/index.bbs.html
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Rhythms ofWikipedia
編輯次數以小時為分類
0%1%
2%3%4%5%
6%7%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
百分比
(
%
)
所佔特色條目百分比( : 30518 )編輯次數 次
所佔優良條目百分比( : 48822 )編輯次數 次
所佔分層隨機抽樣條目(百分比 編輯次
: 14543 )數 次三種樣本條目百分比( : 93883 )編輯次數 次
編輯次數以星期為分類
0
5000
10000
15000
編輯次數
特色條目 4384 4416 4417 4348 4292 4237 4424
優良條目 7030 6752 7133 6445 7384 7307 6771
分層隨機抽樣 2095 2035 2133 2185 2357 1914 1824
三種樣本條目 13509 13203 13683 12978 14033 13458 13019
星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日
http://wikipedia.org/
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Rhythms of Yahoo!Kimo Auction
(2006/7/1~2006/12/31)賣方刊登商品時間:108383總交易編號數
0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%
10%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
小時
佔交易編號數比例
(2006/7/1~2006/12/31)賣方刊登商品時間:108383總交易編號數
9.34%8.97%
14.39%17.30%
12.77%15.26%
21.98%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日
交易編號數
(2006/7/1~2006/12/31)買方購買時間:1017259總買方人數
15.63%17.21%
15.55%17.07%
14.29%
9.78% 10.46%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六 星期日
買家人數
(2006/7/1~2006/12/31)買方購買時間:1017259總買方人數
0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%
10%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
小時
佔買方人數比例
賣方刊登商品時間
買方得標商品時間
https://tw.bid.yahoo.com/
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Rhythms of funP
星期六、日新增書籤個數較少
星期二新增書籤個數較多
http://funp.com.tw/push/
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Rhythms ofPlurk
Good nightGood night
http://www.plurk.com/top/
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Suggested Readings (ftp://163.25.117.117/nplu)
In the directory: / 資訊網絡分析 /Readings 01 Social Media Networks.pdf 02 Rhythms of social interaction.pdf
T?? *.pdf
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What is a Network?
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Introduction
Many real world systems can be described as networks. Social relationships:
e.g. interaction in social media,collaboration in academic, entertainment, business area.
Technological systems: e.g. internet topology, WWW, or mobile networks.
Biological systems: e.g. regulatory, metabolic, or interaction relationships.
And so on and so forth…
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A Simple Network
Node degree: 4
Path length: 2
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Other Example Networks
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An example network showing community structure
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A network of collaborations among scientists (Newman, 2011)
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Almost perfect polarization in the network
(Sampson, 1968)
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Friendship network of children in a US school(Moody, 2001)
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Communities of political blogs(Adamic and Glance, 2005)
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The Internet (Lumeta Corp, 2007)
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Types of Network Ties
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Network Theory and Theory of Networks
Borgatti, S. P. & Halgin, D. S. (2011). On network theory.Organization Science, 22(5), 1168-1181.
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Suggested Readings (ftp://163.25.117.117/nplu)
In the directory: / 資訊網絡分析 /Readings 03 Complex networks.pdf 04 On network theory.pdf 05 Network theory.pdf 06 Communities modules and large-scale structure in
Network.pdf
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UCINET:A Tool for Social Network Analysis
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UCINET Basics
Official Site of UCINET http://www.analytictech.com/
Official UCINET Tutorial http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/nettext/
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Install UCINET
Get the software https://sites.google.com/site/ucinetsoftware/home
Then, Press next, next, and next… Finally, the software is installed
Registration is required to use UCINET legally
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The UCINET Environment
Main menu File Data Transform Tools Network
Many analysis procedures are here Visualize
NetDraw Options Help
Contents: Introduction Section, DL, and Standard Datasets. Index: search by keywords.
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A Typical Analysis Procedure
Select a procedure from the Network menu
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Lab 0: A Short Tour in UCINET
Open UCINET
Then have a good time… I hope so…
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Other Tools (ftp://163.25.117.117/nplu)
In the directory: / 資訊網絡分析 /Readings 07 Pajek.pdf 08 NodeXL.pdf 09 E-Net.pdf
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Network Science:A Multi-discipline Research Field
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The Invasion of the Physicists
First shot: Small-world networks Watts, D.J. and Strogatz, S.H. (1998), “Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’
networks,” Nature, 393, 440-442. Second shot: Scale-free networks
Barabási, A.-L. and Albert, R. (1999), “Emergence of scaling in random networks,” Science, 286, 509-512.
(Social) network analysis in Social physics System biology Computational social science
with supercomputer with computing cloud
The defense of the social scientist Linton C. Freeman, 2008, “Going the Wrong Way on a One-Way Street: Centrality in
Physics and Biology,” Journal of Social Structure, Vol. 9.
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Small-world Network
The small-world effect (Milgram, 1967) Six degrees of separation in USA
Watts-Strogatz model (Watts and Strogatz, 1998) Rewire links from regular to random networks
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Path Lengths and Clustering Coefficients
General
Graph
Regular
Graph
Random
Graph
Characteristic Path Length
Clustering Coefficient
n
i
n
j
jidnn
L1 1
),()1(
1
n
i ii
i
kk
e
nC
1 )1(
21
K
nLre 2
K
nLra
2
2
log
log
24
33
K
KCre n
KCra
n: number of nodes in the networkd(i, j): shortest path length between nodes i and jki: degree of node iK: average node degree of the networkei: number of links between the neighbors of node i
44
Comparison of path lengths and clustering
coefficients
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.0001 1
p
C(p ) / C(0)
L(p ) / L(0)
0.10.010.001
Link Rewire Probability
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Some Small-world Networks
Newman et al. (2001) lowpath length
highclustering coefficient
46
Degree Distributions of Networks
Poisson distribution
Power-law distributionk
P(k
)
K
P(k
)
k
Log
(P
(k))
Log (k)
Z = (n - 1) p
fat-taildistribution
Z
47
Scale-free Network
Power-law degree distributions
Scale Free Model (Barabási and Albert, 1999) Incremental growth:
The network is growing continuously by adding new nodes or new connections step by step
Preferential connectivity:Highly connected nodes are more likely to be connected again in the process of incremental growth, also called the rich-get-richer phenomenon;
ckkP
48
Some Scale-free Networks
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Properties of Scale-free Networks
Power law degree distribution: Rich get richer
Small World: A small average path length Mean shortest node-to-node path Can reach any nodes in a small number of hops, 5~6 hops
Modularity: A large clustering coefficient How many of a node’s neighbors are connected to each other
Robustness: Resilient and have strong resistance to failure on random attacks and vulnerable to targeted attacks
Disassortative or Assortative Biological networks: disassortative Social networks: assortative
50
Roubstness of Scale-free Networks
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Assortativity of Scale-free Networks
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Comparison
53
Suggested Readings (ftp://163.25.117.117/nplu)
In the directory: / 資訊網絡分析 /Readings 10 Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks.pdf 11 Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks.pdf 12 Computational social science.pdf 13 Going the Wrong Way on a One-Way Street.pdf 14 ScaleFree_Scientific Ameri 288, 60-69 (2003).pdf 15 The physics of networks.pdf 16 The Invasion of the Physicists.pdf
