106395707-Fukushima.pdf

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D O N E B Y: S E I T E N O V A LT Y N B E K ,K U PA G U L O VA P E R I Z AT

THE FUKUSHIMA

NUCLEAR DISASTER

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EARTHQUAKE, TSUNAMI ANDNUCLEAR ACCIDENT

EARTHHQUAKE• March 11, 2011 off the

coast of Japan

earthquake withmagnitude 9,0-9,1 points.The epicenter waslocated 373 kilometersnortheast of Tokyo, hisfocus lies at a depth of 24

kilometers. The strongestaftershocks reached 7.1points and were 67 kmfrom the capital city ofJapan.

TSUNAMI• Arisen as a

consequence ofunderground beatstsunami reached thecoast of Japan, themost massivedestruction occurredon the northern islandsof the Japanesearchipelago.

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FUKUSHIMA DISASTER

• A series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns,and releases of radioactive materials atthe Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, following

theTōhoku

earthquake and 15 metre tsunami on 11March 2011.• All three cores largely melted in the first three

days.•

The accident was rated 7 on the INES scale, due tohigh radioactive releases in the first few days.• It is the largest nuclear disaster since the Chernobyl

disaster of 1986.

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INES

• The International Nuclear Event Scale developed by the International AtomicEnergy Agency in 1988 and 1990 was used to assess the uniformity ofemergency cases of emergency radiological releases to the environment innuclear power plants, and later began to be applied to all facilitiesassociated with the civil nuclear industry

Level on thescaleINES

Security EvaluationCriteria

Example:People and theenvironment

Level 7.Majoraccident

Strong output.seriousconsequences forthe human healthand theenvironment

The accident at theChernobyl, USSR, 1986The accident at

Fukushima I, Japan,2011

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STATION

• Station Fukushima-1 is located in the town of Okuma in theFutaba district of Fukushima Prefecture. The power plant wasbuilt and operated by the Tokyo Power Company (TEPCO).

• Construction of the plant began in 1967, and the launch of thefirst power reactor in November 1970

• Reactor systems have been designed by General Electric, butthe corporation GE has built only three settings - for the first,second and sixth units. The third and fifth reactors were built byToshiba, the fourth - Hitachi.

• The plan was to build two more reactors, but because of theMarch tragedy in April 2011 plans were canceled. Currently,the third and fourth blocks are closed, after the completion ofthe aftermath of the accident will also be closed the first andsecond blocks.

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OVERVIEW

At the time of the quake, Reactor4 had been de-fuelled while 5 and 6

were in cold shutdown. The remainingreactors shut down automatically after the

Earthquake.The tsunami broke the reactors' connectionto the power grid and also resulted inflooding of the rooms containing the

emergency generators. Consequentlythose generators ceased working,

causing eventual power loss to the pumpsthat circulate coolant water in the reactor.The pumps then stopped working,

causing the reactors to overheat

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• In the hours and days that followed, Reactors 1, 2and 3 experienced full meltdown. As workersstruggled to cool and shut down the reactors,

several hydrogen-air chemical explosions occurred•

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• After two weeks the three reactors (units 1-3) werestable with water addition. By July they were beingcooled with recycled water from the new treatmentplant. Reactor temperatures had fallen to below 80ºC at

the end of October, and official 'cold shutdowncondition' was announced in mid December.• Apart from cooling, the basic ongoing task was to

prevent release of radioactive materials, particularly incontaminated water leaked from the three units.

•

There have been no deaths or cases of radiationsickness from the nuclear accident, but over 100,000people had to be evacuated from their homes to ensurethis. Government nervousness has delayed their return.

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INJURED AT THE STATION

• March 11 As a result of the first explosion, four workers were injured,and two employees of contractors, two disappeared

• March 12 One worker was hospitalized, one employee of thecontractor is hospitalized in an coma. One worker received a dose ofradiation, which is more than the normal dose.

• March 14 After the second explosion at Unit 3 injured 11 staff station.Two employees suffered for block control cabinets

• March 22 One person was injured when adjusting supply.• March 23 One person was injured when adjusting supply.• March 24 Three employees (not of TEPCO), run the cable in one of

the units received doses above the normal dose. Two of them havecontamination

• March 30 Found the bodies of two employees of the station,disappeared on March 11. These are two young men aged 24 and21 years.

• May 14 Contractor working company TEPCO complained of feelingunwell

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EARTHQUAKE, TSUNAMIS ANDNUCLEAR DISASTER

Tsunamis 8 metersor higherEarthquakes: M -9.0 quake

1. Casualties : over 30,000

Dead over 14 000

Missing over 9 000Injured over 5 000

2. Evacuees : over 118,000

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Before the earthquake

After the earthquake (before explosion)

Manystructuresfacing the bay

are destroyed

Satellite view of Fukushima

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CONSEQUENCES

• Radioactive material escaping from the damagedFukushima-Daiichi reactor cores created high radiationlevels throughout the plant and eventually causedwidespread contamination. Large radioactive releasesinto the atmosphere resulted from the containmentventing and hydrogen explosions. At the same time,large amounts of water being pumped or sprayed intothe reactors ecame heavily contaminated and weredischarged or leaked into the ocean.

•

Radiation from Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nucleardisaster may eventually cause anywhere from 15 to1,300 deaths and from 24 to 2,500 cases of cancer,mostly in Japan

•

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THE TRUE REASONS OF THE ACCIDENT

• lack of "basic, deep knowledge" of the Japaneseexperts where the situation at Fukushima hasdemonstrated a complete lack of readiness of

Japanese nuclear workers to emergency situations• Operator TEPCO, state institutions to monitor the

activities of energy companies in the nuclear field,have not thought and were not ready "for thedamage from the earthquake and tsunami in aserious man-made disaster, the need to ensure andguarantee the security of the population.

•

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FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES

• The economic damage of TEPCO - Owneremergency plant "Fukushima-I», was 32 billiondollars. It is on this amount decreased market

capitalization, which is 80% of its value before theaccident. This amount does not include the amountof compensation that the company may have topay the victims (some estimate their volume mayreach 130 billion dollars). In addition, the costs ofstopping nuclear power plant "Fukushima" andother nuclear power plants in Japan affected bythe earthquake, could reach $ 90 billion annually.

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• Meanwhile, the economic damage caused by thedevastating tsunami that struck the coast of Japan, reaching$ 300 billion. And this includes only the cost that would berequired to restore the buildings and infrastructure, but does

not include losses from the fall in trade and industry.• 04.11.2011 The Government of Japan has agreed to allocate

11.5 billion to help the operator to emergency nuclear powerplant "Fukushima" company TEPCO, reports AFP.

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PLAN

• Under the plan, the extraction of spent nuclear fuel fromthe pools will begin in 2014 and end in six years. To solvethe most complex problems - removing fuel fromreactors will require much more time. Take up thischallenge, counts over 10 years, in 2021. The date for thisoperation in the medium term is not specified.

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FINAL MESSAGE

If we cannot control nuclear

power, how can we controlnuclear weapons?

Thank you for yourattention! )))

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106395707-Fukushima.pdf