17th October 2013

中国，世界上最大的国家之一，也是世界上第二大经济体已将聚光

灯投射到了以色列。通过过去三年在以色列几十亿美元的投资，中

国已向世界展示其锁定了以色列并计划未来进行长期投资。 中国和以色列在跨境贸易上已合作多年并有良好的外交关系，但是

直到近几年，商务关系才开始占据重要比例。以一桩小而重要的投

资作为开端，两国间的商业关系正已从所未有的速度发展。今天，

投资额已超过了几十亿美元，前景也很光明。

这一成功的发展是如何开始的？2010 年左右，中国政府减少了一些

境外投资的限制。政府鼓励投资高科技、生物技术和农业技术领域，

而以色列在所有这些领域中拥杰出的技术。除了放宽限制之外，上

海还主办了 2010 年世博会，这也是迄今为止在资金投资和参与国

家数量中规模最大的。世博会是对国际贸易博览会的致敬，有超过

190 个国家参与，并且有 70 个展馆以城市发展的主题建造。1 这是

以色列第一次在世博会上拥有自己的展馆，这使得以色列可以推广

其作为科技和创新国家的品牌。融合了鼓励投资高科技国家的社交

可能对于中国和以色列在 2010 年实施的商业关系有很大的重要作

用。

以色列馆 中国馆

1 http://www.shanghaiworldsfair.com/ *Amit 拥有加利福尼亚州和以色列的法律职业资格，并且拥有北京清华大学中国法法律硕士学位。Amit 是以色列中国商会和以色

列上海商会的联合创始人，并且是两会分别的董事会成员。Amit 目前在大成律师事务所担任高级顾问。大成律师事务所被《亚洲

法律周刊》评选为亚洲最大的律师事务所，其在中国的 40 家分所以及美国、新加坡、英国和俄罗斯的办事处拥有超过 3，000 名

的律师和职员。Amit 同时还担任美国律师协会国际法分会的副主席，并且是中国法律电子简讯的首席编辑，该电子简讯是美国律

师协会的期刊。您可以通过 amit.ben-yehoshua@dachenglaw.com 或手机+86 13761360176 联系到 Amit。 *Clara 拥有瑞典的法律职业资格，并且拥有瑞典哥德堡大学的法学硕士学位。Clara 目前正在大成律师事务所进行实习。

秘密泄露——中国正投资几十亿

于以色列 作者: Amit Ben-Yehoshua* 和 Clara Eriksson*

以色列是除美国之外

“最具潜力的投资中

心”1 ——沃伦.巴菲特

“我们的使命是投资那些

释放天赋并且可以持续实

现 人 类 潜 能 的 教 育 改

革。。。” ——李嘉诚

在世博会当年，中国公司浙江三花集团进

行了对以色列的第一笔投资。这笔对以色

列 Heliofocus公司 1,000万美元的投资旨在

降低太阳能技术的发展成本，并且使得目

标公司的价值增长到了 4,500 万美元。 2 Heliofocus 被认为是该领域燃起的新星，而

以色列也被认为是太阳能产业领域中的领

先国家。 3 以色列在上海的前总领事—— Jackie Eldan 报告说：“这是中国公司对以

色列公司的第一笔投资。”4他继而说道，

这第一笔投资将引领中国公司在以色列的

持续合作与投资。5 同年二月，继三花集团投资仅一个月后，

中国公司易方数码以 6,000 万美元收购了

以色列 Pegasus 科技公司。易方- Pegasus的交易是以色列公司第一次被中国公司收

购，该交易使得以色列作为提供多种企业

智慧的国家而闻名。Pegasus 科技是数字笔

技术和解决方案以及将手写文书转化为电

子形式的电子笔生产线方面领先的供应商，

联合易方以后，他们现将投身于与世界市

场的抗战。6

中国和以色列签署了新的旅游业协议—

—减少签证审批程序 2010 年还有另外一件重要的事件需要载入

以色列和中国的关系之中。2010 年以前，

中国人很难取得以色列的签证，签证程序

长达一个月之久。2010 年 9 月，以色列和

中国签署了一份旅游业协议，旨在简化中

国人取得以色列签证的程序。该新出台的

简化程序鼓励了更多的中国商人前往以色

列。 中国游客选择以色列作为旅游目的地

的比例比旅游业协议签订前更高了，并且

商务考察团的数量在协议签订后也有所增

长。7

2 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 3http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aw6OI_i5sBs0 4 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 5 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 6http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000536167 7 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4425342,00.html

在 2010 年间，中国商务考察团前往以色列

的比例增长了。中国开始投资以色列，并

且看到了投资机会以及商业上和发展可能

性上的互动。

中国化工集团在以色列投资 24 亿美元

——中国国有企业于过去五年在以色列

的最大一笔投资

以往在以色列的投资规模都相对较小。当

然，这一现状将会改变。24 亿美元，这一

惊人的数字设定了 2011 年的新基准。中国

第二大化工企业——中国化工集团选择以

色列作为其首选投资国之一。中国化工集

团收购了以色列马克西姆阿甘公司 60%的

股权，其中 53%的股权由马克西姆的流通

股股东所持有，剩余的 7%来自于马克西姆

的控股股东。在 2011 年，这场收购被认为

是以色列公司最大的一笔跨境收购，同时

也是中国国有企业在过去五年中最大的跨

境收购之一。8此次收购使得中国化工集团

成为全球最大的通用农药生产商，其在交

易前已经拥有 300 亿美元的资产。9毫无疑

问，通过此次几十亿美元的投资能看出中

国正在做出投资以色列的重大计划。

李克强总理和内塔亚胡总理在中国签

署贸易协议 在 2013 年，项目和投资开始显著扩张。以

色列和中国签署了一份 4亿美元的贸易协

议，其扩展了两国之间现有的财政协定，

超过 20 亿美元，期待两国之间的年贸易额

8 http://www.ca-llp.com/news/chemchinamakhteshim-agan-agreement 9 http://www.ca-llp.com/news/chemchinamakhteshim-agan-agreement

能达到 80 亿美元。 10以色列总理本杰明.内塔亚胡率领了一个五天的考察团前往中国

与中国总理李克强会面并签署了该协议。 内塔亚胡说希望该协议能引领两国之间双

边贸易的增长，使其超过 80 亿美元的预

期。11

同月，中国公司复星（医药）股份有限公

司——中国领先的医疗保健公司与全球领

先的以色列公司——飞顿激光宣布了双方

的联合收购。复星（医药）股份有限公司

向飞顿激光投资了二亿四千万美元，现持

有该以色列公司 95.2%的股权。12飞顿激光

在医用激光器领域被认为是世界领先企

业 13，然而复星（医药）股份有限公司在

该以色列公司的盛誉和未来的期望值面前

并没有退缩。

中国寻求与以色列的教育合作项目 四个涉及学术和科学合作的主要项目于

2013 年启动，其允许中国和以色列的大学

在科学领域内进行合作。该项目的引进旨

在投资教育改革、为创新提供最好的条件

并且为双方的商业谅解建立基础。 最大的教育项目是一笔对以色列研究性大

学 Technion 超过一亿三千万美元的中国捐

赠，来自李嘉诚基金会。李主席被列为亚

洲 2013 年最富裕的人，并且被认为是亚洲

10 http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-china-ink-400-million-trade-agreement/ 11 http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-china-ink-400-million-trade-agreement/ 12 http://www.almalasers.com/node/59408 13 http://www.fosun.com/En.php/News/View/ID/352

最具影响力的人物之一。 14李嘉诚基金会

在全球范围内搜索研究了 64 所顶级大学，

并 最 终 决 定 选 择 以 色 列 Technion 。

Technion 在科学和技术领域被认为是全球

前十的研究机构，在过去的十年中获得了

4 次诺贝尔奖。捐赠资金的一部分将被用

来在中国南方设立 Technion 广东学院，对

于未来的使命，两所研究机构之间的合作

既看到了潜力也看到了责任。根据李主席

所说“我们的使命是投资那些释放天赋并

且可以持续实现人类潜能、构建知识丰富

的社会以及确保所有人拥有可持续的生活

质量的教育改革。如若未能实现，这将构

成对未来的犯罪。”15

李嘉诚 在访问 Technion 的期间，李主席发现了另

一家即将到来的以色列公司——Waze 有限

公司的潜能。Waze 提供免费的汽车应用软

件服务，并准备扩张至亚洲。李先生看到

了商机，并就该项目投资了大约三千万美

元。Waze 的用户在 10 个月内从 2 百万上

升至 7 百万，其提供的服务广为人知。 Waze 在 2013 年六月被谷歌收购，现在拥

有至少 10 亿美元的市值。16正如亿万富翁，

投资家沃伦.巴菲特一样，李主席看到了美

国公司投资以色列公司的持续趋势并搭上

了这趟列车。沃伦.巴菲特最近说道以色列

是除美国之外“最具投资潜力的中心” 17。

14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ka-shing 15 http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000881455 16http://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/06/24/google-waze-delays-ahead/ 17 http://www.thetower.org/buffett-buys-remaining-shares-of-israeli-toolmaker-im-a-big-believer-in-israels-economy/

沃伦.巴菲特 继 Technion 和 Wazer 这两个成功项目之后

是关于以色列加速催化的项目，为创业起

步公司提供种子资金而创设的 Elevator。 Elevator 项目从中国投资者和中国投资机构

处募集了一千万美元。资金的使用主要是

在一年内通过对 20 家公司的投资来实现，

这将帮助新设公司在市场上立足。 第三个教育项目涉及了以色列最大的大学

——特拉维夫大学和中国的顶级大学——

清华大学。两所高校计划共同设立一个特

殊的合作中心，命名为 XIN 中心，其将作

为国际科技和技术创新的中心。XIN（中

文里意为“新”）将促进跨学科领域内的

研究，为创新提供最佳条件，并且推广那

些能对两国社会乃至全世界真正产生影响

的领域内的活动。18

Joseph Klafter 教授（特拉维夫大学校长）与陈

吉宁教授（清华大学校长）签署谅解备忘录现

场。 在 XIN 项目的框架里，投资资金将被设立

用于播种由 XIN 项目研究员发起的合资企

业。一亿元人民币（约合一千六百万美元）

18 http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Tel-Aviv-University-and-Tsinghua-University-in-China-sign-collaboration-agreement-326177

的资金将由英菲尼迪集团设立。资金的投

资者将包括北京市政府和清华大学校

友。19 第四个教育项目是设立第一个在中国的以

色列研究中心，其将设立在上海交通大学。

该项目的目标是便于学生学习中以关系，

话题包括商业战略、政治和技术的比较学

习等等。 20交通大学正与以色列特拉维夫

大学合作，该项目被视为对中国和以色列

未来的合作拥有极大的重要性。

特拉维夫大学

19 http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Tel-Aviv-University-and-Tsinghua-University-in-China-sign-collaboration-agreement-326177 20 http://www.china-israelcenter.org/israelcenter/intro.htm

中国投资以色列最大的基础设施项目 在 2013 年 10 月，以色列交通部长 Yisrael Katz 和中国交通部长李盛霖签署了关于铁路的谅解

备忘录，这将允许物资可以运往并通过苏伊士运河。这一从苏伊士运河前往亚洲的较短路程使

得该备忘录在贸易和商业意义上极具重要性。除了往非洲绕行或寻求埃及通行许可外，贸易可

以通过铁路到达苏伊士运河，并且可以直接运往亚洲。（参见下图）艾特拉和阿什杜德之间的

联接将使内陆运输，通过联接印度洋的内河航道以及亚丁湾直接到达地中海。备忘录规定将由

以色列负责以色列艾特拉市的铁路建造，而中国开发工业银行将负责部分筹资工作。该条铁路

将联接以色列阿什杜德和海法在地中海沿岸的港口与艾特拉港。该条铁路被认为对于战略和政

策目的非常重要。21

该简要总结展示了中国是如何发掘创业起步国家——以色列并开始投资几十亿美元于以色列科

技。它还展示了在不同领域利益间合作的重要性，以及它能带来的卓越成果。我们相信过去三

年在合作与投资上的增长标志着未来两国（中国和以色列）之间的希望和繁荣。 Amit Ben- Yehoshua 和 Clara Eriksson

21 http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.550777

17th October 2013

China, one of the world’s largest countries and the second biggest economy in the world has hit its spotlight on Israel. By investing billions of dollars in Israel in the last three years, China has shown the world that it has targeted Israel and has plans for future investments as well. China and Israel have been collaborating for years in cross border trade and has had good diplomatic relations in the past, but it is just recent that the business relations started to take significant proportions. Starting with a rather small but yet important investment, the business relations between the two countries took off at a speed no one has ever seen before. Today the investments exceed billions of dollars, and the future is looking bright.

How did this successful development start? Around the year of 2010 the Chinese government reduced some of its restrictions on outbound investment. The government encouraged investments in high tech, biotech and agritech, all fields in which Israel has outstanding technology. In addition to the loosened restrictions, Shanghai hosted the World Expo 2010, which was the largest one so far in terms of money spent and countries participating. The World Expo was a tribute to international fairs and expositions, with over 190 countries participating and 70 pavilions being built on the theme urban development.1 This was the first time Israel had its own pavilion in the World Expo, which allowed Israel to brand itself as a country leading in technology and innovations. The networking in combination with the encouragement of investments in high tech countries may have been of importance to the businesses that were carried out during 2010 between China and Israel.

Israeli Pavilion Chinese Pavilion

1 http://www.shanghaiworldsfair.com/ *Amit is licensed to practice law in California and Israel and holds a Master Degree in Chinese law from Tsinghua University of Beijing. Amit is a co- founder of the Israeli Chamber of Commerce in China and the Israeli Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai and served as a member of their respective Board of Directors. Amit serves as a senior councel at Da Cheng Law Offices, recognized by the Asia Law Business Journal as the largest law firm in Asia employing more than 3,000 attorneys and staff members in forty branches across China, including branches in the US, Singapore, England and Russia. Amit also serves as the Vice Chair of the American Bar Association, Section of International Law and is the Chief Editor of the China Law eBulletin, a periodical publiciation of the American Bar Association. Amit can be reached at amit.ben-yehoshua@dachenglaw.com or via his mobile at +86 13761360176. *Clara is licensed to practice law in Sweden and holds a Master of Laws degree from Gothenburg University, Sweden. Clara is undergoing an internship at Da Cheng Law Offices.

The secret is out-Chinese are investing in Israel in billions. By: Amit Ben-Yehoshua* and Clara Eriksson*

Israel is the “most promising investment Hub”1 outside U.S.

- Warren Buffet

“Our responsibility is to invest in reforms in education that unlock that genius and enable the continuing realization of human potential…”

- Li Kay Shing

During the year of the Expo, a first investment in Israel by the Chinese company Sanhua Zhejiang was made. The investment of $10 million in Israeli company Heliofocus, increased the value of the targeting company to $45 million2 and aimed to lower the costs of the development of solar technology. Heliofocus was considered an uprising star in the field and Israel as among the leading nations in the field of solar industry.3 Israel’s former Counsel General in Shanghai, Jackie Eldan, reports, “This is the first investment of a Chinese company in an Israeli company.” 4He continued by saying that this first investment would lead the way to a continued collaboration and investment of Chinese companies in Israel.5 In February, only one month after Sanhua’s investment, Chinese owned Yifang Digital acquired Israeli Pegasus Technologies for the amount of $60 million. The Yifang- Pegasus deal was the first time an Israeli company was acquired by a Chinese company and it put Israel on the map in terms of being a country that has a lot to offer businesswise. Pegasus Technologies was the leading provider of digital pen technologies and solutions and produces lines of digital pens that translate handwriting into digital formats, and together with Yifang digital they had now joined forces in combating the world market.6

China and Israel Execute a New Tourist Agreement – Reducing the Visa Approval

Process 2010 had yet one more important matter to bring into the relations between Israel and China. Before 2010 it had been difficult for Chinese to receive a visa into Israel, the procedure taken over one month. In September 2010 Israel and China signed a tourism agreement to simplify the procedures for a

2 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 3http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aw6OI_i5sBs0 4 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 5 http://www.tashtiot.co.il/2010/01/05/heliofocus-sanhua/ 6http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000536167

Chinese to obtain a visa into Israel. The new simplified process encouraged more Chinese business people to come to Israel. Chinese tourists are in fact choosing Israel as a destination at a higher rate than before the tourism agreement and the business delegations increased after the agreement.7 During the period of 2010, Chinese business delegations increased in Israel. China started to invest in Israel and saw investment opportunities and interchange in business as well as in development possibilities.

ChemChina invests in Israel $2.4 billion – one of the largest investment by a

Chinese state owned enterprise in the last five years

The previous investments in Israel had been on a relatively small scale. Well, this was about to change. A startling sum of $2.4 billion sat the new bar in 2011. China’s second largest chemical enterprise, ChemChina, chose Israel as one of its first investment countries, acquired 60 % interest in Israeli Makhteshim Agan, whereof 53 % held by Makhteshim’s public shareholders and 7 % from Makhteshim’s controlling shareholders. In 2011 this was seen as the largest cross border acquisition of an Israeli company as well as one of the largest cross border acquisitions of a Chinese state owned enterprise in the last five years.8 The acquisition allowed ChemChina to be the world’s biggest generic agrochemicals company, already being a $30 billion company before the acquisition.9 There is no doubt that China was making big plans for investments

7 http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4425342,00.html 8 http://www.ca-llp.com/news/chemchinamakhteshim-agan-agreement 9 http://www.ca-llp.com/news/chemchinamakhteshim-agan-agreement

in Israel at this point, investing billions of dollars.

Prime Minister Li Keqiang and Prime Minister Netanyahu sign trade

agreement in China In 2013, projects and investments started to expand dramatically. Israel and China signed a $400 million trade agreement, which expanded the existing financial protocol between the two countries to more than $2 billion, looking at an $8 billion trade amount annually between the two countries. 10 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu led a five day delegation to China to meet Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang, and signed the agreement. The agreement will hopefully lead to an increased bilaterial trade between the countries where the amount of 8 billion dollars will be exceeded, says Netanyahu.11

The same month, Chinese company FosunPharma, a leading healthcare company in PRC, and global leading Israeli company Alma Lasers, announced a joint acquisition. FosunPharma invested $240 million in Alma Lasers and now holds 95.2 % of the Israeli company.12 Alma Lasers is considered a world leading enterprise in the field of medical laser13, and FosunPharma does not hold back the praise and expectations of the future with the Israeli company.

The Chinese seeking educational collaboration programs with Israel

10 http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-china-ink-400-million-trade-agreement/ 11 http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-china-ink-400-million-trade-agreement/ 12 http://www.almalasers.com/node/59408 13 http://www.fosun.com/En.php/News/View/ID/352

Four major projects concerning academic and scientific collaboration started in 2013, allowing universities in both China and Israel to collaborate in the scientific sphere. The projects were introduced as to invest in reforms of education, provide optimal conditions for creativity and create a base for mutual understanding in the business industry. The biggest educational project was a Chinese donation from the Li Kay Shing Foundation, exceeding $130 million to Israeli research University Technion. Chairman Li is ranked as the wealthiest man in Asia 2013 and is considered one of the most powerful figures in Asia.14 The Li Kay Shing Foundation searched among 64 of the top universities around the world and decided upon Israeli Technion. Technion is considered to be the world’s top ten institutes for research in science and technology, with 4 Nobel prizes in the last decade. The funding will partly be used to establish the Technion Guangdong Institute in Southern China, and the collaboration between the two Institutes sees both potential and responsibilities in the task ahead. According to Chairman Li, “Our responsibility is to invest in reforms in education that unlock that genius and enable the continuing realization of human potential, building a knowledge rich society and securing a sustainable quality of life for all. Failing to do so amounts to a crime against the future."15

Li Kay Shing While visiting the Technion, Chairman Li saw potential in yet another upcoming Israeli company, Waze Ltd. Waze , which provide free car-app services, was about to expand in Asia, whereas Mr. Shing saw the opportunity and invested around $30 million into the project. Waze went from 2 million to 7 million

14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ka-shing 15 http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000881455

users under 10 months and is widely known for its services. Waze was acquired by Google in June 2013 and has now got a market value of at least $1 billion.16 Chairman Li, like billionaire investor Warren Buffet, saw the ongoing trend of American companies investing in Israeli companies and hoped on the train. Warren Buffet recently stated that Israel is the “most promising investment Hub”17 outside U.S.

Warren Buffett Following the successful project of Technion and Wazer was a project concerning Israeli accelerator program Elevator, which was created for seed- funding startups. The Elevator program raised $10 million from Chinese investors and institutions in china. The amount will be spent through investments in 20 companies over the course of a year and will help new companies to establish in the market. A third education project involved Israel’s biggest university, the Tel- Aviv University and Chinese top university Tsinghua. The two universities intended to co-establish a unique joint center, named the XIN center, as an international hub for scientific and technical innovation. XIN (“new” in Chinese) will advance interdisciplinary research, provide optimal conditions for creativity, and promote activity in fields that can truly impact society in both countries and the entire world.18

16http://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2013/06/24/google-waze-delays-ahead/ 17 http://www.thetower.org/buffett-buys-remaining-shares-of-israeli-toolmaker-im-a-big-believer-in-israels-economy/ 18 http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Tel-Aviv-University-and-Tsinghua-University-in-China-sign-collaboration-agreement-326177

Professor Joseph Klafter, President of Tel Aviv University, and Professor Chen Jining, President of Tsinghua University signing a MOU. In the framework of the XIN project, an investment fund will be established to seed ventures initiated by XIN Fellows. The fund of 100 million yuan (about $ 16 million) will be set up by Infinity Group. Investors in the fund will include the Beijing government and alumni of Tsinghua University.19 The forth education project was the establishment of the first Israeli Studies Center in China, at Jiaotong university in Shanghai. The aim with the project was for students to learn about Sino- Israeli relations, including topics such as business strategies, comparative studies in politics and technology and so on.20 Jiaotong University is working together with Israeli University Tel- Aviv and the project is seen as of great importance for the future collaboration between China and Israel.

Tel- Aviv University

19 http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Tel-Aviv-University-and-Tsinghua-University-in-China-sign-collaboration-agreement-326177 20 http://www.china-israelcenter.org/israelcenter/intro.htm

China invests in Israel’s greatest infrastructure project In October 2013 Israeli transport Minister Yisrael Katz and China’s Minister of transport Li Shenglin signed a memorandum of understanding concerning a railway that will allow goods to be transported to and through the Suez Canal. The short distance to Asia from the Suez Canal makes the MOU important in terms of trade and business. Instead of going around Africa or seeking the permission of Egypt to pass, trade can, by the railway, reach the Suez Canal and be transported directly into Asia. (See images below.) The link between Eilat and Ashdod will allow inland transport through an inland passage, linking the Indian Ocean, through the Gulf of Aden, directly to the Mediterranean Sea. The memorandum of understanding establishes that Israel is in charge of the operations of building a railway in Eilat Israel, while China development industrial bank will handle part of the funding. The railway will link Israel’s Mediterranean ports in Ashdod and Haifa with the Eilat Port. The railway is considered important both for strategic and policy purposes.21

This brief summary shows how the Chinese discovered the start- up nation Israel and started to invest billions of dollars in Israeli technology. It also shows the importance of collaboration in different fields of interest and the outstanding result it can bring. We believe that the last three years increasing collaboration and investments, is a sign of a promising and prosperous future between the two nations, China and Israel. Amit Ben- Yehoshua and Clara Eriksson

21 http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.550777