1.1 危險性設備延檢或替代檢查實施緣由ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/moeaidb/013343/013343.pdf · 版；目前API 510(壓力容器檢測規範)、API 570(管線檢測規範)和

1

1.1

1.1.1

2

RBI

109 133 156

3

1.1.2

(1)

(2)

(3) 1 8

49.3

490 ()

(4)

4

(5)

20

7

(6)

2~3

(7)

(8) (Mechanical integrityMI)

5

1.2

1.2.1

(ASME)(API)

(OSHA)

API ASME RBI

ASME 1994 RBI

(ASME RBI for power plant Vol.3 1994) API 1996

API581 ASME 1999 RBI

(RBI guidelines for pressure systems)API BRD 581 2000

API 510()API 570()

API 653() RBI

API 581

RBI

RBI

RBI

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

6

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

RBI 1.1

RBI

RBI

7

1.2.2

(1)

1994RBI

RBI

RBI

1998

(As low as reasonable practice ALARP)

RBI

(2)

1840

RBI 6

12

(3)

RBI

8

RBI

RBI ()

RBI ()

6 24 2 8

(4)

RBI RBI

5 RBI

8

1.2.3

()

(API) API

510

(A) (long-term)

(short-term)

10 (B) 10

RBI RBI (pressure vessel

engineer) (authorized pressure vessel

inspector)(review)(approve)

API 510 RBI (A) API

580

9

()

(B)RBI API 580

(C) RBI

(1)

(2)(3)

(4)

1.2.4

10

(Recommendationa For Risk Improvement)

AOM

MARSH

(A)(B)

:

(C)(D) ISO

ISO9001

(E)

(F)

(G)

:

API 2510A(H)(RBI)

(PMI)

11

1.2.5

(1) RBI

RBI

RBI

(2)

(Damage mechanism

DM)

12

1.3

1.4

(

)

1.5

13

Risk based inspection (RBI)

American petroleum institute (API)

American society of mechanical engineer

(ASME)

Occupational safety and health associate

(OSHA)

Europe pressure equipment research

council (EPERC)

Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance

Procedures (RBIMAP)

As low as reasonably practicable

(ALARP)

Engineering Equipment and Materials

Users Association (EEMUA)

Hazard analysis and operability

(HAZOP)

Damage mechanism DM

Functional safety

Damage type

Thinning

General metal loss

Local Thin Area

Pitting

Surface connected cracking

Subsurface cracking

Microfissuring or microvoid

Metallurgical changes

Dimensional changes

Blistering

14

Material properties changes

Corrosion

Stress corrosion cracking

Embrittlement

Fatique

Step-wise cracking

Erosion

Cavitation

Creep

Stress rupture

Spheroidization

Graphitization

Nitriding

Criticality Analysis (CA)

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)

Risk management program (RMP)

Good engineering practice

American National Standards Institute

(ANSI)

National Fire Protection Association

(NFPA)

American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM)

Instrument Society of America (ISA)

Safety integrity level (SIL)

Process safety management (PSM)

Probability of failure on demand (PFD)

Safe failure fraction (SFF)

User-approved safety (UAS)

15

Mean time between failure (MTTF)

Diagnostic coverage (DC)

Mean time to repair (MTTR)

Proof test interval

Logic solver

Fault tolerance

Fault tree analysis

Reliability block diagram

Markov models

Non destructive testing (NDT)

National associate of corrosion engineer

(NACE)

Fit for service (FFS)

Chemical process quantitative risk

analysis (CPQRA)

Indices

Individual risk

Societal Risk

Fatal accident rate (FAR)

Boiling liquid expanding and vapor

explosion (BLEVE)

Fire ball

Confined explosion

Flash fire

Pool fire

Jet fire

Unconfined vapor cloud explosion

(UVCE)

Deflagration

16

Detonation

Maximum allowable working pressure

(MAWP)

Visual inspection (VT)

Dye penetrant inspection (PT)

Magnetic particle inspection (MT or

MPI)

Eddy current (ET)

Radiography (RT)

Conventional ultrasonic testing (UT)

Alternating current field measurement

technique (ACFM)

Alternating current potential drop

technique (ACPD)

Ultrasonic time of flight diffraction

/Automated ultrasonic pulse-echo

technique

Ultrasonic continuous monitoring

technique

Spark testing technique

17

2.1

(1)

(2)

(3)

(3)

(4)

(5)

18

(1)

(2)

(

)

(3)

(4)

HAZOP

19

(5)

2.2

(Damage mechanismDM)

20

(Functional

safety)

PDCA

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

21

( 2.2.12.2.2)

( 2.2.3)

( 2.2.4)

( 2.3)

( 2.3)

( 2.2.12.3.7)

( 2.3.32.2.5)

:

:

/

( 2.3.4)

( 2.3.6)

( 2.3.7.2

)

( 2.3)

22

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. ( )

2.

3.

4.

5.

( )

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

4.

23

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

1.

2. ( )

3.

4.

5. ( )

1. ( )

(

)

2. (

)

3.

( )

24

1. ( HAZ)

( )

1.1

2. (

) (

)

3.

4.

2.2.1

25

(1)

(2)

26

(3)

(4)

(5)

(Coating)(Lining)

pH

(6)

27

(7):

2.2.2

(1)

PFD

(2)

28

()

()

(Lining)

(3)

(Head)

2.2.3

2.2.3.1

(1)

8 (

)

29

(Damage type) (Characteristics)

1 (Thinning)

(General)(Local)

(Pitting)

2 (Surface

connected cracking)

3 (Subsurface cracking)

4

(Microfissuring / microvoid)

5 (Metallurgical

changes)

(Metal

microstructure)

6 (Dimensional

changes)

7 (Blistering)

8 (Material properties

changes)

30

(2)(Damage mechanisms)

(Thinning)(General)(Local)

(Pitting)

(HCL corrosion)

(Organic chlorides corrosion)

(Inorganic chlorides corrosion)

(Organic sulfur corrosion)

(CO2)

/(Naphthenic acid corrosion)

(Sour water corrosion)

(Sulfuric acid corrosion)

(Hydrofluoric acid corrosion)

()(Corrosion under insulation/fireproofing)

(Cooling water corrosion)

(Atmospheric corrosion)

(Soil corrosion)

(High temperature oxidation)

(Hot corrosion)

(Flue gas corrosion)

(Dealloying)

(Galvanic corrosion)

(Crevice/underdeposit corrosion)

(Phenol)/NMP

31

(Phosphoric acid corrosion)

(Caustic corrosion)

(Ammonia corrosion)

/(Chlorine/sodium hypochlorite corrosion)

(Biological corrosion)

(Injection point corrosion)

/(Boiler water/condensate corrosion)

(Flue gas dewpoint corrosion)

(3)

(Stress corrosion cracking)

(Amine)

(Ammonia)

(Caustic)

()(Carbonate)

(Chloride)

(H2SxO6Polythionic acid)

(Liquid metal embrittlement)

(Hydrofluoric acid)

(Corrosion fatique)

(4)

(Blistering)

(Sulfide stress cracking)()

32

(Hydrogen induced damage mechanisms)

(Blistering) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking) (Dimensional changes)

(Step-wise cracking)

(Surface connected cracking) (Subsurface cracking)

(Stress oriented hydrogen induced crackingSOHIC)

(Microfissuring / microvoid) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking)

(Sulfidestress cracking)

(Surface connected cracking)

(HCN)(Cyanide stress cracking)

(Surface connected cracking)

(Hydriding) (Subsurface cracking) (Surface connected cracking) (Metallurgical changes)

(Hydrogen attack) (Microfissuring / microvoid) (Metallurgical changes)(Cracking)

(Hydrogen embrittlement)

(Surface connected cracking) (Material properties changes)

33

(5)

(Erosion)(Cavitation)

(Fatigue)(Creep and stress rupture)

-

-

(Sliding wear)

( Thermal fatigue)

(Corrosion fatigue)

(Creep and stress rupture)

(Microfissuring / microvoid)

(Metallurgical changes)

(Dimensional changes)

(Creep cracking)

34

(Thermal ratcheting)

(Overload plastic collapse)

(Brittle fracture)

(Material properties changes)

(6)

(Incipient melting)(Spheroidization)

(Graphitization)(Nitriding)

35

(Hardening)

Sigma Chi (Embrittlement)

885( ) (Embrittlement)

(Temper Embrittlement)

(Reheat cracking)

(Carbide precipitate embrittlement)

(Carburization)

(Decarburization)

(Metal dusting)

(Nitriding)

(Strain aging)

36

(Softening due to overaging)

(Brittleness due to high temperature aging)

(7)

1.

2. RBI

3. API RP581 API RP571

4.()

37

CUI ()

Chlorides SCC ()

Creep rupture ()

Sulfidation ()

Caustic SCC ()

Creep cracks ()

HCL Acid ()

HIC/SOHIC ()

Vibration fatigue ()

Caustic ()

HTHA ()

Thermal fatigue ()

H2/H2S (/)

Wet H2S ()

Oxidation ()

H2 embrittlement ()

1

2

3 PH

4

5 ( 130)

6 CUI

:-4C~120 :60~204

7

8

9 H2S

10

11

12 (>HB200) PWHT

13

38

14

15 PWHT

16

17 Nerson Curve C-0.5Mo

18 ()

304S.S 425~815

19 0.4TM

20 TAN>0.5200~400

21 550~850

22 (2.25Cr-0.5Mo) 370~580

23

24 HKHP

25 /5651.25Cr1Mo6355Cr-0.5Mo6509Cr-Mo70018Cr-8Ni870

26 200

27

28 /(>200 )

29 (>200 ) /

30

39

2.2.3.2

(CR)

(LR)

(1)(CR)

CR = t/Y---------------------------------------------------(1)

t Y (mm)

Y ()

(2)(LR)

LR = (t ta)/CR--------------------------------------------------(2)

LR()

t(mm)

ta(mm)

CR(mm)

P = a LR 10 ---------------(3)

a= fefcfm

fe

fc

()

fm]

fefcfm

40

(TEAM WORK)

(A) fe:

(B) fc:

(C) fm: ISO18000

Fe

Fc

Fm

-----

----

----ISO18000-

Fe

Fc

Fm

Fe

Fc

Fm

-----

----

----ISO18000-

41

(1)

(2)()

(

)

(3)

(ta)

83

(t)

93

(t)

t=93

-83

YCR=t/Y

LR=t-ta/CR

fe fc fma=fe*fc*fm

(P)

D1501 31.0 3.2 28 31.0 30.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.57 10

D1502 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 29.1

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1300 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 20.2

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1402A 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.1

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1402B 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1404 22.0 3.2 19 22.0 21.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1412 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.7 -0.30 10 -0.03 96.67 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1413 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1416 10.0 3.2 6.8 10.0 9.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1506A 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1506B 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1602 12.0 3.2 8.8 12.0 11.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1702 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 28.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.73 10E1707 33 0 3 2 30 33 0 32 7 0 30 10 0 03 96 67 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 73 10

(P)

(ta)

83

(t)

93

(t)

t=93

-83

YCR=t/Y

LR=t-ta/CR

fe fc fma=fe*fc*fm

(P)

D1501 31.0 3.2 28 31.0 30.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.57 10

D1502 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 29.1

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1300 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 20.2

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1402A 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.1

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1402B 33.0 3.2 30 33.0 33.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1404 22.0 3.2 19 22.0 21.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1412 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.7 -0.30 10 -0.03 96.67 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1413 20.0 3.2 17 20.0 19.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1416 10.0 3.2 6.8 10.0 9.8 -0.20 10 -0.02 150 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1506A 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1506B 35.0 3.2 32 35.0 35.0

10 0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10

E1602 12.0 3.2 8.8 12.0 11.4 -0.60 10 -0.06 43.33 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.65 10E1702 29.0 3.2 26 29.0 28.9 -0.10 10 -0.01 310 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.73 10E1707 33 0 3 2 30 33 0 32 7 0 30 10 0 03 96 67 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 73 10

(P)

42

()

(4)

(ta)

44

2.2.4

HAZOP

HAZOP

()

( API571API581API579

)

45

(Criticality Analysis CA)

(Failure Rate)

46

(P&IDs)

47

(Vessel Drum Knockout Pot)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Plugged) (Coil Leak) (Coil Rupture) (Coil Fouled)

(Reactor)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Liner Cracked) (Coil Leak) (Coil Rupture) (Coil Fouled) O-ring Mixer Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor

Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor

Sensor Sensor

(Scrubber Column)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tray Rupture) (Tray Plugged) (Packed Bed Plugged) (Bed Support Collapsed)

48

(Contacting Surface Fouled) (Electrostatic Plate Fails off) (Electrostatic Plate Shorted) (Electrostatic Plate Fouled)

/ (Pump/Motor)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Fails to Start) (Fails off While Running) (Started Prematurely) (Operates too Long) ( / ) (Operates at

Degraded Head/Flow Performance: too Fast too Slow etc)

/ (Blower/Fan)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Fails to Start) (Fails off While Running) (Started Prematurely) (Operates too Long) ( / ) (Operates at

Degraded Head/Flow Performance: too Fast too Slow etc)

/ (Valves/Dampers)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Internal Leak)

49

(Plugged) (Fails to Open) (Fails to Close) (Fails to Change Position) (Spurious Positioning) (Opens Prematurely) (Closes Prematurely)

(Filter/Strainer)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Internal Element Rupture) (Element Plugged)

(Relief Devices)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Plugged) (Fails to Open on Demand) (Fails to Re-seat) (Opens Prematurely) (Closes Prematurely)

(Flame Arrestor)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Mesh Plugged) (Mesh Ruptured)

(Sensor Element)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output

Signal) (Fails with a High Output

Signal) (Fails to

Respond to an Input Change) (Spurious Output Signal)

(Sensor Switch)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails Open)

50

(Fails Close) (Activates at a Lower

Set-point) (Activates at a Higher

Set-point) / (Transmitter/Transducer)

(External Leak) (External Rupture) (Tap Plugged) (Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output


Signal) (Fails to


// (Gauges/Indicators/Recorders)

(Fails with No Output Signal) (Fails with a Low Output


Signal) (Fails to


2.8

(

)

(A)

:

51

(B):

(C)

( ISO 18000)

()

A

2000

B 1000 2000

C 500 1000

D 500

E

1

2

3

4

5

52

1 2 3 4 5

A 1 1 2 3

B 1 2 3 4

C 3 3 4 4

D 4 4 4 4

E

1

2

3

53

1 3 3

2 3 3

3

4

FMEA

54

: : :

: : : :

55

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) (2)

56

(1)

(2) ()(

..)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

57

()

1.(

)

3.

2.

4.Fail Safe

1. SOP

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

3.

1. SOP

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

4.

1.

2. SOP

3.

4.

58

2.2.5

()

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)(2)(3)(4)

(Basic process control system BPCs) (Safety

instrumentation system SIS)(1)

(2)

()

:

59

(())

(())

(())

TI

LI

(()) (())

(()) (())

(()) (())

TI

LI

TI

LI

(OSHA) 1992

(PSM) 1996 (RMP)

60

(good engineering

practice) American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)

American Petroleum Institute(API) American National Standards

Institute(ANSI) National Fire Protection Association(NFPA)

American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) 1996

(Instrument Society of America ISA)

(ANSI/ISA S84.01-1996)

1997 (American National

Standards Institute ANSI)ANSI/ISA S84.01-1996

(OSHA)

(PSM)

(RMP)

(Safety integrity level SIL)

(OSHA)(PSM)

61

IEC

61511(2003) IEC 61508(2000) ISA-TR84.00.02(2002)

(Functional safety)

(PFD)

SIL

62

(Safety Integrity Level)

(Availability Required)

(Probability to Fail on Demand)

() (1/PFD)

4 >99.99% E-005 to E-004 100000 to 10000 3 99.90-99.99% E-004 to E-003 10000 to 1000 2 99.00 - 99.90% E-003 to E-002 1000 to 100 1 90.00 - 99.00% E-002 to E-001 100 to 10

SIL

SIL

4

(Catastrophic Community Impact)

3

(Employee and Community Impact)

2

(Major Property and Production Protection. Possible Injury to employee)

1

(Minor Property and Production Protection)

63

(SIS)

SIL

(Probability of failure on demand PFD)

PFD SIL

64

(1)

PFD/PID

(

)

PES 2.7

510-2(1/Yr) 510-7(1/Yr)

() 200

(1/510-3)PES 500 (1/210-3)

PES SIL

SIL

(2) SIL

SIL

Risk Level5*10-2 (1/Yr)

(before)

Probability of Failureon Demand (PFD)

2*10-3


5*10-3


(after)

PES

PES(IPL)

SIL


(before)


2*10-3


5*10-3


(after)

PES

PES(IPL)

SIL

65

SIL

SIL

SIL SIL

SIL

RiskConsequence Frequency-----------------------------(4)

Risk

R

Consequence

(

)

C

Frequency

F

SIL

C: EUC EUC

(

66

)

E:

P:

O:(

)

SIL

(ABCDEF

GH) SIL

///

(Risk reduction) SIL

SIL

PES

A PES

B C 1

D 2

E F 3

G 4

H PES

67

SIL

O 3 O 2 O 1

A

B A

C B A

D C B

E D C

F E D

G F E

H G F

S IL

C 1

C 2

C 3

C 4

E 1

E 2

E 1

E 2

P 1

P 2

P 1

P 2

O 3 O 2 O 1

A

B A

C B A

D C B

E D C

F E D

O 3 O 2 O 1

A

B A

C B A

D C B

E D C

F E D

G F E

H G F

S IL

C 1

C 2

C 3

C 4

E 1

E 2

E 1

E 2

P 1

P 2

P 1

P 2

68

/ C1 500 C2 1

1

500 1000

C3 2

1000 2000

C4 2000

E1 1 () E2 1

P1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. EUC EUC

P2

69

()

O1 1.

( PES Hydraulic Pneumatic) EUC

EUC

PES SIL

2. EUC

O2

O3

(3)

Sensor Subsystem(Sensors and input interface) Logic Subsystem

Final element Subsystem(Output interface and

final elements)

70

10011002 2002

1002D 2003

(Safe failure fraction SFF)

UAS(User-Approved Safety)

MTTF

DC

MTTR

(Proof test interval)

(Logic Solver) SIL

PFD

(Fault tolerance N)

(A B )

(4) PFDSIL

PFD Fault Tree Analysis Reliability

Block Diagram Markov Models

PFD

PFD

SIL

SIL

SIS Architectures

(Sensors)

71

PES (Input Modules)

SIS (Logic solver)

PES (Output Modules)

(Final control elements)

UAS(User-Approved Safety)

(5)

PFD SIL

PFD

SIL

(6)

96 05 09

(A) 8

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/newsdetail.asp?no=1D0120025http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/newsdetail.asp?no=1D0120025http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D01200258

72

(B) 13

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002513

73

(C) 14

(D) 21

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002514http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002521

74

(E) 25

(F) 28

A B

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002525http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002528

75

(G) 30


76

(H) 31

()

(I) 37

(J) 68

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002531http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002537http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002568

77

L1 L4

L1 L4

(K) 70


78

CNS

(L) 72

(M) 73- 1

http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002572http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002572http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002572http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002573-1http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002573-1http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query1B.asp?no=1D012002573-1

79

2.2.6

80

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

81

(6)

2.3

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

82

/

3

6~9

/

3

6~9

~

2.3.1 ()

(1)

3

95 10

3

0920054383

83

(2)

2.10

C6H12O --> C6H11O1/2H2---------------------(5)

(T-250)

(B-250)(R-201)

200 1(KG/CM2G)

40

(C-201) 40(V-203)

(V-203)

R-201C-201

V-203

(3)

(Material safety datasheet MSDS)

P&ID

84

EM

TV

T-250 B-250

R-201

Coolant in

Coolant out

C-201

V-203

202201

203

204

205

206

207

209

210

208

211

85

( ) ( )

(Vol)

(Vol)

161 (0.95)

(3.46)

68 100 2.4 300

157 (0.95)

(3.38)

44 99 1.1 9.4 420

-253 (0.07) 2 4 75 574

86

(KG/CM2G)

(KG/HR)

201

79 2 2000 100 PSV-201

FIC-201

202

60 2 2000 100 PSV-202

203

50 1 2000 100 PSV-203

204

60 2 2000 100 PSV-204/205

TAHH-202

TIC-201

205 / 200 1.5 2500 40

30 30

87

(KG/CM2G)

(KG/HR)

206 50 1.2 1900 60

40

PSV-206

207

50 1 1900 60

40

LIC-201

LAHH-201

LALL-201

208

50 1.2 600 50

50

PSV-206

209 60 2 500 PSV-207

210

350 16.5 200 PSV-208

211 3 5 2300 PSV-209

88

(4)

(Melting temperature Tm)

0.5

( )

(KG/CM2G)

R-201 Inner wall: SA234-WPB

Outter wall: SA234-WPB

Inner wall: 500

Outter wall:500

Inner wall: 20

Outter wall:20

C-201 Shell side/Head: SA-106-B

Tube side: SA-106-B

350 5

V-203 Shell: SA-516-70

Head: SA-516-70

100 0.71

3

89

( ) (KG/CM2G)

220 188 200 17 2 1 1.5 0.1

63 38 50 12 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.1

62 40 50 11 1.2 0.5 1 0.05

(5)

2.3.2 ()

(1)()

(V-203)

()(2)

90

R-201 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002

C-201 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002

V-203 ASME Sec.8 Div.1 2002

(3)

()

()

R-201 1 2 1

C-201 1 3 0

V-203 1 3 1

(4)

91

(Coating)

(Coating)

(Lining)

(Cladding)

R-201

C-201

V-203

(5)

()

2.3.3 ()

(1)

(2)

(TIC-201)

(TAH-202)

DCS (HMI) DCS

92

(FIC-202/203) DCS

(TAH-203) DCS

(HMI) DCS

(LIC-201)

(FIC-204)

DCS (HMI) DCS

(3)

(TAHH-202)

(TAHH-203)

(LAHH-201)

93

(PAHH-201)

SIL

(TAHH-202)

2

(TAHH-203) 1

EM

TV

T-250 B-250

R-201

Coolant in

Coolant out

C-201

V-203

(Logic Solver)

TT

TT

LT

PT

94

SIL

(LAHH-201)

1

(PAHH-201)

1

2.3.4 ()

2.3.4.1

1.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)()

(10)

2.

95

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

3.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

2.3.4.2

1.:

(

)

96

()

()

()

2.3.4.3

()

()

()

2.3.4.4

2.3.4.5

()

()

97

2.3.4.6

(

)

2

2.3.4.7

2.3.4.8

1.

(

~)

(1)-

(2)-

(3)-

(4)-

(5)-

(6)-

(7)-

98

2.

(1)

NDT

(2)

A.

B.

C.

D.

(3)

()

99

A.

(FFS)

B.

C.

3.

(1)

(20%)

(20%)

(2)

(3)

100

(4)

(5)

(6)

4.

(1) :

(2):

101

(3):

(A)NT$ 400

NT$ 400

(B)20 NT$ 50

NT$ 50 20 NT$

1000

(C)(NT$ 400 NT$

1000 )6NT$ 233

(D)

NT$ 70

(E)(4)(5)

NT$ 233 NT$ 70 NT$ 163

2.3.5 ()

2.3.5.1

(

)1.

2.

3.

2.3.5.2 (

)

V-203

()(CR)

102

(LR)

(1)(CR)

CR = t/Y------------------------------------------------(6)

t Y (mm)

Y ()

92 3 94 4 CR

= (22.3 21.5)/2 = 0.4 (mm)

(2)(LR)

LR = (t ta)/CR------------------------------------------------(7)

LR()

t(mm) = 21.5mm

ta(mm) = 16.5mm

CR(mm)

CR (0.4 mm)

LR = (21.5 16.5)/0.4 = 12.5 ()

V-203

0

5

10

15

20

25

(mm)

22.3 21.5

22.5 21.7

22.6 22.3

22.1 22.2

16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5

92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108

103

2.3.5.3

2.3.5.4

2.3.5.5

2.3.5.6

(

)

2.3.6 ()

2.3.6.1

2.3.6.2

1.(R-201)(

)(V-203)(

)2.3.6.3

2.3.7

()

104

()

106

KG/CM2G

( )

1 R-201 Inner wall: ST35BI

Outter wall: WSTE36

1.5 200 H2H2O

2 C-201 Shell side/Head:

DIN H

Tube side:

DIN ST37.81

1.2 50 H2H2O

3 V-203 Shell:RST37-2

Head: RST37-2

1 50 H2O

V-203

V-203

V-203

/

1 V-203

2

50~200

3

107

V-203

4

50~200

5

(-4~120 ) : :

50~200

6

7

8

9

10 (HE)

149 oC

11

12

2.3.7.1

()

108

1

10

APIASME

CNS

1

2

12.5

APIASME

CNS

1

3

APIASME

CNS

1

4

API-RP527

API CNS9969

1

5

10

(1)

(5ppm)

(2)

(5ppm) 6

(3)

VOC

(5ppm)

7

(

)

1.()

(1)

109

UT (

Level 1 Level 2 )

V-203

A~H WL1 ( 60%) 12.5 6 ( I~N)

1

V-203

A F

B G

C H

D

E I~N

WL1

110

(V-203)

(2)()

()

UT (

Level 1 Level 2 )

WC1

WL1

PN

N1N2

N3

N5

N6M1

N7N4

N8N9

WC2

A

B

C DE F

G

H

L I

J

K

M

N

111

V-203

(WC1/WC2 WL1 ) 12.5 WC1 WC2 WL1

1

112

WC1

WL1

PN

N1N2

N3

N5

N6M1

N7N4

N8N9

WC2

WC1

WL1

(V-203)

(3)

MT (

Level 1 Level 2 )

113

V-203 2.16 N1 N8

(4)

2.

3.

(1)

CNS9969 API-RP527

114

(2)

ISO DCS

(ISO-20-22)

DCS

V-203 (TAHH-202)(TAHH-203)(LAHH-201)(PAHH-201)

(3)

ISO

(ISO-20-23)

DCS

(

)

115

V-203

(TAHH-202)(TAHH-203)(LAHH-201)(PAHH-201) ()

ISO

(ISO-20-23)

4.

5.

10

6.

(1)(2)(3) VOC

116

(

)( VOC

)

(1)

(2)

(5ppm)

(3) VOC VOC

(1000ppm)

(1)

(2)

(3) VOC

7.

1.1 (10.0kg/cm2) 1

0.5kg/cm2

117

1

8.

1

118

2.3.7.2

1.

(FFS)

119

2.

(1)

(2)

RBI

(3)

(4)

120

bypass

50 100 80 V-203

1 kg/cm2G 1.71 kg/cm2G 1.4 kg/cm2G

2.3.7.3

1.

121

V-203

(mm)

(mm)

(mm) 94 4 92 3

A 15.6 22.0 21.6 21.6

B 15.6 22.0 21.5 21.7

C 16.5 22.0 22.3 21.5

D 16.5 22.0 22.5 21.7

E 16.5 22.0 22.6 22.3

F 16.5 22.0 22.1 22.2

G 15.6 22.0 21.7 22.3

H 15.6 22.0 21.5 22.3

2.38 (

)

(1)(CR)

CR = t/Y--------------------------------------------------(8)

t Y (mm)

Y ()

92 3 94 4 CR

= (22.3 21.5)/2 = 0.4 (mm)

(2)(LR)

122

LR = (t ta)/CR----------------------------------------------------(9)

LR()

t(mm) = 21.5mm

ta(mm) = 16.5mm

CR(mm)

CR (0.4 mm)

LR = (21.5 16.5)/0.4 = 12.5 ()

(3) P a

P = a LR10 a = fe fc fm-------------------(10)

P() P > 10

LR()

a

fe = 0.9 ()

fc = 0.7 ()

fm = 0.8 ()

a = fe fc fm = 0.9 0.8 0.7 = 0.504

P = a LR = 0.504 12.5 = 6.310

P 6

2.

(1)

123

(2)

3.

(

)

124

V-203

R-201

C-201

4.

/

()

()

()

()

V-203 8 6.3 5

R-201 8 5.4 5

C-201 5.2 5

125

3.1

()()

(1) (Activity Frequencyf)

(2) (Incident Probability P)

(3) (Incident Consequence C)

(4) R=F(fP)Cn n1-----------------(11)

n

(Impact)

P C

n C ()

126

()

(As Low As Reasonably

Practicable ALARP)

()

()

Consequence Frequency

RISK

or

Consequence Frequency

RISK

or

127

(/108)

() 4

0-15

1-3

3

8

10

12

45

67

(16-65 ) 1

5

57

(Kletz"The Risk Equations-What Risks Should We Run")

3.2

(Chemical

process quantitative risk analysis CPQRA)

(1)

(2)

128

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

129

3.3

(Idividual

Risk)

(Indices)

(Individual Risk)(Societal Risk)

1.(Indices) (Equivalent Social Cost Index)

(Fatal Accident Rate)

108

(Individual Hazard Index)

FAR

(Average Rate of Death)

(Mortality Index)

2.(Individual Risk) (Individual Risk Contour)

130

(Individual Risk Profile)

(Maximum Individual Risk)

(Average Individual Risk [exposed population])

(Average Individual Risk [total population])

3.(Societal Risk) (Societal Risk Curve [F-N Curve])

N (N N )

As Low As Really Achievable ALARA

131

As Low As Reasonably Practicable

ALARP

ALARP

ALARP

(HSE. The tolerability of risk from nuclear power stations.

London: Health and Safety Executive 1992)

(ALARP)

ALARP

10-3~-4/Yr

10-6/Yr

Unacceptableregion

The ALARP ortolerability region(risk is undertakenonly if benefits isdesired)

Broadly acceptableregion

Negligible risk

132

Risk Indices

Individual Risk IRSocietal Risk SR

(1)Fatal Accident Rate FAR

FAR

108

108 1000

50 250 8

FAR/ 108

(2)Individual Risk Contour

5x10-4/

5x10-4/

Individual Risk Contour

133

(3)Societal Risk Curve or F-N Curve

F-N

N F N

134

(Individual Risk)

DOW F& EI

()

x y

ifiiyxPfIR

,,,= -----------------------------------------(12)

f i= I Yr-1

Pfi= I x y

fi

fi=FI Poi PocI------------------------------------------------(13)

FI= I( i)

(Fault Tree Analysis)Yr-1

135

Poi= I i

Poci= I i i

BLEVE()

(P o i)

(Poc i)(P o i Poc i)(Event

Tree Analysis)

=

=n

iiyxyx IRIR

1,,, ---------------------------------------------(14)

FAR 2

PfIPfI

(1) (Effect Model)

(Probability Unit Pr)

Pr=a+b 1n--------------------------------------------(15)

a b

(a)

)10

ln(56.29.14Pr 43/4tI

+= -----------------------------(16)

t=sec

I=w/m2

136

(b)

Pr=-77.1+6.91 ln Ops-----------------------------------(17)

Ops=Pa lpsi=6.9 Kpa

(c)

Pr=a+b ln(Cnt)---------------------------------------------(18)

t=min

C=ppm

a b n ()

(a b n)

a b c

-35.9 1.85 2

-109.78 5.3 2

-8.29 0.92 2

-31.42 3.008 1.43

-15.67 2.10 1

(2) Pr ()

137

(P %)(Pr)

P % Pr 0.1 1.91 0.5 2.42 1 2.67 5 3.36 10 3.72 20 4.16 30 4.48 40 4.75 50 5.00 60 5.25 70 5.52 80 5.84 90 6.28 95 6.64 99 7.33

99.5 7.58 99.9 8.00

3.4

(1)(2)

(3)

3.4.1

(/)

(1)

(2)

138

(3)

(4) :

A-

B:C:D:E:F:

10

(m/s)

6 C D D

141

3.4.2

(unconfined vapor

cloud explosion UVCE)(boiling liquid expending

vapor explosion BLEVE)(fire ball)(pool fire)

(jet fire)

(Overpressure)

(Confined Explosion)

()

(Flash Fire)

(Pool Fire)(Jet Fire)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

142

3.4.2.1 (UVCE)

(1)

UVCE

72% 23%

(Deflagration)(Detonation)

(Thermal Expansion)

(Turbulence)

UVCE

UVCE

UVCE

1 15

100

UVCE

(Burning Rate) UVCE

UVCE

UVCE 1 bar (15 psi)

(2)

(Upper and Lower Flammable LimitsUFL

LFL)

143

(Flash Point)

(Auto Ignition Temperature)

(Heat of Combustion)

(Molecular Weight)

(Combustion Stoichiometry)

LEL

Flash Fire

LFL

UVCE TNT TNT

(Explosion Yield Factor)

(TNT)

TNT

TNTEcMEcW = ---------------------------------------------(19)

WTNT TNT kg 1b

Mkg 1b

0.01~0.1

Ec(KJ/kg Btu/1b)

EcTNTTNT (4437~4765KJ/kg 1943~2049Btu/1b)

144

Substances With Yicld Factors of Y=.03 Acetaldehyde 3-Methyl-Butene-1

Acctone Methyl-Butyl-Ketone Acrylonitrile Methyl Chloride

Amyl Alcobol Methyl-Ethyl-Ketone Benzene Methyl Formate

13-Butadiene Methyl Mercaptan Butene-1 Methyl-Propyl-Ketone

Carbon Monoxide Monochlorobenzene Cyanogen N-Amyl Acetatee

11-Dichloroethane Naphthalene 12-Dichloroethane N-Butane

Di-Methyl Ether N-Butyl Acetate Dimethyl Sulphide N-Decane

Ethane N-Heptane Ethanol N-Hexane

Ethyl Acetate N-Pentane Ethylamine N-Propanol

Ethyl Benzene N-Propyl Acetate Ethyl Chloride O-Dichlorobenzene

Ethyl Cyclohexane P-Cymene Ethyl Format Petroleum Ethere

Ethyl Proprionate Phthalic Anhydride Furfural Alcohol Propane

Hydrocyanic Acid Proprional dehyde Hydrogen Propylene

Hydrogen Sulphide Propylene Dichloride Iso-Butyl Alcohol P-Xylene

Isobutylene Styrene Iso-Octane Tetrafluroethylene

Iso-Propyl Alcohol Toluene Methalamine Vinyl Acetate

Methane Vinyl Chloride Methanol Vinylidene Chloride

Methyl Acetane Water Gas

Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.06 Acrolein Ethylene

Carbon Disulphide Ethyl Nitrile Cycclohexane Methyl-Vinyl-Ether Di-Ethyl Ether Phthalic Anhydride Di-Vinyl Ether Propylene Oxide

Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.19

145

Substances With Yield Factors of Y=.19 Acetylene Isopropyl Nitrate

Ethylene Oxide Methyl Acetylene Ethyl Nitrate Nitromethane

Hydrazine Vinyl Acetylene

TNT

/

TNT (

TNT [11]AIChE in

conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment for

Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3Consequence

Assessment and Mitigation)

146

TNT(

TNT

[11]AIChE in conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment

for Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3

Consequence Assessment and Mitigation)

3.7/3.8

Z=R/(WTNT)1/3---------------------------------------------------(20)

Z(ft/lbm1/3)

Pr(Psi)

Ps(Psi)

Is

147

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)(TNT)

(5)(/)

3.4.2.2

(1)

()

(corrosion)(errosion)

148

TliquidTliquid boiling point

TliquidTliquid boiling point

80%

(2)

TNT TNT

( 3.6/3.7) V P1

P0

WTNT=1.410-6VP1/P0T0/T1RT1 lnP1/P2-----------(21)

WTNTTNT 1bm

149

V ft3

P1 psia

P2 psia

P0 14.7 psia

T1 R

T0 492(R)

R 1.987 (Btu/1b mole-R)

1.4610-6 2.810-3 lbmole/ft32000 Btu=1

1b TNT

TNT UVCE

(1)

(2)(TNT) WTNT

(3)(/)

3.4.2.3 (BLEVE)(Fireball)

(1)

BLEVE

150

BLEVE

200

BLEVE (Liquid

petroleum gas)

10~20

(2)

BLEVE

BLEVE

(thermal intensity)

(propane) 250 psig

4 4 BLEVE

1200

300~400 psig

BLEVE

(Peak fireball diameter)(m)

Dmax=6.48M0.325-----------------------------(22)

(Fire ball duration)(s)

151

tBLEVE=0.825M0.26---------------------------(23)

(Centeer height of Fire ball)(m)

HBLEVE=0.75Dmax----------------------------(24)

(Initial ground level hemisphere diameter)(m)

Dinitial=1.3Dmax--------------------------------(25)

M (kg)

QR=EF21------------------------------------------------------(26)

QR(kW/m2)

E(surface emitted flux) (kW/m2)

F21

()

=1 20m

20~40% =1

(humidity)

=2.02(PwX)-0.09------------------------------------------(27)

0~1

Pw(Pascals N/m2)

X(m)

(E)

(smoky) BLEVEs (200~350

kW/m2)

0.25~0.4

152

BLEVE2

max

rad

t)D(MHcFE

= ----------------------------------------(28)

E(kW/m2)

MBLEVELPG (kg) (mass of LPG in BLEVE)

Hc(kJ/kg)

Dmax(m)

Frad(0.25~0.4)

tBLEVE(s)

22

21 X4DF = --------------------------------------------------(29)

F21

D

X(m)

BLEVE

(1)

(2)(TNT) WTNT(

WTNT)

(3)(/)

(4)

(5) E(kW/m2)

(6) QR(kW/m2)

153

3.4.2.4 (Confined Explosions)

(1)

(Dust Explosions)(Vapor explosions)

(Explosion

Venting)

(2)

ASME Code

(Maximum allowable working pressure

MAWP)(use of next

available plate thickness)

MAWP 2.5

(deflagration)(detonation)

154

(Hydrogen)(acetylene)(ethylene)

P2(max)/P1=N2T2/N1T1=M1T2/M2T1------------------------------(30)

M

N

T

P

P max(peak value)

1

2

TNT

TNT (/

)

r

r=120(WTNT)1/2-----------------------------------------------(31)

WTNT =TNT kg

155

(Nozzle)

(1)

(2)(

(MAWP))

(3)

(TNT) WTNT

(4)( 3.6/3.7)

3.4.2.5 (Pool Fire)(Jet Fire)

(1)

(Domino effect)

(2)

156

Qx=Efa-----------------------------------------------------------(32)

Qx= x (W/m2)

=

E=(W/m2)

fa=

241faX

= -----------------------------------------------------------(33)

X=(m)

=2.02(PwX)-0.09---------------------------------------------------(34)

0~1

Pw(Pascals N/m2)

X(m)

E =mbHc(b2)/(2bab2)----------------------------------(35)

mb(Kg/m2-sec)

Hc(J/Kg)

b(m)

a(m)

(1)

157

(2)(m)

(3)(m)

(4)(W/m2)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(Gas jet)

Ex=Qth/4D2-------------------------------------------------(36)

Ex = x (KW/m2)

=

Qth=(W/m2)

=

D=

3.4.3

UVCEBLEVE

158

3.4.3.1

API RP 521

(Btu/hr/ft2) KW/m2

320 1.00

500 1.74 60 740 2.33 40 920 2.90 30

1500 4.73 16

2200 6.94 9

3000 9.46 6

3700 11.67 4

6300 19.87 2

159

(kW/m2)

37.5

25

12.5

9.5 8 20

4 20

0%

1.6

500

3.4.3.2

(Explosion effect models)

(1) 5(psig)

(2) 1.5(psig)

(3) 0.7(psig)

(4) 0.3(psig) 10%

160

UVCEs (Positive pressure phase of the

blast wave) 10 100 (ms)

(psig)

0.02 (137dB 10~15Hz)

0.03

0.04 (143dB)

0.1

0.15

0.3 95%10%

0.4

0.5 ~ 1.0

0.7

1.0

1~2

1.3

2

2~3

161

(psig)

2.3

2.5 50%

3 (3000 )

3~4

4

5 (Tall hydraulic press)

5~7

7

7~8 (8~12 )

9

10 (7000 )(12000 )

300

162

3.5

3.5.1

(Exposure Period)

(

)

R(t)1F(t)--------------------------------------------------------------(37)

R(t) t

F(t)

t

F(t)(Probability

Density Function)f(t)

f(t)dF(t)/dt---------------------------------------------------------------(38)

F(t) dt)t(ft

0-----------------------------------------------------------(39)

R(t)1 dt)t(ft

0--------------------------------------------------(40)

R(t) dt)t(ft

------------------------------------------------------(41)

163

3.5.2

(Time-Related)

(Demand-Related):

(t)()

t

(nD)()

nD

106

103

(Standby Generator)

Prob

abili

ty d

ensi

ty

F(t) R(t)

Time to failure

f(t)

t0

164

PUMP

()

()

F[t] ox G[DnD]------------------------------------------------------(42)

time-related failure rate texposure period

Ddemand-related failure rate nDtotal number of demands

F[ ] G[ ]

STANDBY

3.5.3

166

()

(AIChE/CCPS)

(1) ()

167

(2)

(3)

(1)(2)

3.5.4

3.5.4

(Failure Mode)

(Failure Cause)

(Failed to start)

(Catastrophic failure)

(Degraded failure)

(Incipient failure)

(1) (Active Equipment)

(2) (Passive Equipment)

168

1.

2.

: 1./ 2. 3. 4.4.

: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3.

1.

2.

3.

169

1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

1. 2.

170

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1. 2. 3.

171

(t)(Bathtub

Curve)(Congenital

Defects) t2

(Accelerating Wear-out)

R(t) f(t) (t)

3.5.5

(Plant-specific data)

(Generic data)

(Judgemental data)

Failu

re ra

te,

(t)

Prob

abili

ty d

ensi

ty, f

(t)R

elia

bilit

y, R

(t)

Tim-in-service, t (or Equipment Age)

t20 t1

1

f(t)

(t)

R(t)

(t)=C

172

3.5.5.1

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(t)

(t)(nD)

(nD)

Plant Physical Data

Unit ID

Mission list

(////)

(Y/N)

(////)

(Y/N)

1 2

173

1.() 2.

1. 2. 3.

174

3.5.5.2

(Generic Data)

(1)AIChE/CCPS (Science Applications

International Corporation)

Guidelines for process equipment

reliability data with data tablesISBN0-8169-0422-7

(2)API581

(3)exida

Safety equipment reliability handbook(second edition)

ISBN-100-9727234-1-2

(4)DNV API OREDA(Offshore Reliability Data Book)

Offshore Reliability Data HandbookISBN82 515 0188

1

175

DATA ON SELECTED PROCESS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

Taxonomy No. 4.3.3.2 Equipment Description PRESSURE - SAFETY RELIEFVALVES - SPRING - LOADED

Operating Mode Process Severity UNKNOWN

Aggregated time in service (106hrs)Population Samples Calendar time Operating time

No. of Demands

Failures (per 106hrs) Failures (per 103 demands)Failure mode Lower Mean Upper Lower Mean UpperCATASTROPHIC a. Scat Leakage b. Fails to Open c. Spurious Operation

c.1 Opens Prematurely 0.275 1.68 4.80 c.2 Failure to Reclose

Once Open 0.127 5.18 22.7

d. Fails to Open on Demand 0.0079 0.212 0.798

DEGRADED a. Interstage Leakage INCIPIENT

Equipment Boundary

DUTLET

INLET

BDUNDARY

176

API581

(1/Yr)

5(mm) 25(mm) 100(mm)

6E-2 5E-4 1E-4

6E-3 5E-4 1E-4

8E-5 2E-4 2E-5 6E-6

1E-3 1E-4

6E-3 6E-4

9E-4 1E-4 5E-5 1E-5

/ 2E-3 3E-4 5E-8 2E-8

4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6

4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6

1

0.75

1E-5 3E-7

1 1

5E-6 5E-7

1 2

3E-6 6E-7

1 4

9E-7 6E-7 7E-8

1 6

4E-7 4E-7 8E-8

177

(1/Yr)

5(mm) 25(mm) 100(mm)

1 8

3E-7 3E-7 8E-8 2E-8

1 10

2E-7 3E-7 8E-8 2E-8

1 12

1E-7 3E-7 3E-8 2E-8

1 16

1E-7 2E-7 2E-8 2E-8

1

16

6E-8 2E-7 2E-8 1E-8

4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 6E-6

1E-4 3E-4 3E-5 2E-5

0.7 0.01 0.001 0.001

4E-5 1E-4 1E-5 2E-5

3.5.5.3

Generic Data

Generic Data

Generic Data

Cn

1iiGA f

== ---------------------------------------------(43)

178

A

GGeneric Data

fi i (i1 n)

n

Generic Data

Generic Data 1.910-5/hr

1.071.141.071.071.21 1.69

3.210-5/hr

Generic Data

(fi)

1.07 1.14

1.14 1.28

1.07 1.14

1.14 1.07

1.07 1.07

1.42 1.21

1.21 1.21

1.07 1.07

1.07 1.07

1.07 1.07

1.07 1.07

179

API581

Generic Data

()(Generic Data)FeFm-----------------(44)

Fe

Fm

(1)

()

(2)

(3)

(4)()

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

180

(13)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

181

()

(%)

30

16

12

7

6

4

4

/ 2

19

182

1. RBI RBI

RBI

2.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

3.

(A)

(1)

(2)

(3)

183

(B)

:

(MI)

ISO

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(C)

184

[1] ()

(57 ) 2005.

[2]

(57 ) 2005.

[3]

(57 ) 2005.

[4]

(57 ) 2005.

[5]

(57 ) 2005.

[6]

(57 ) 2005.

[7]

/ 2006

(TRCA 2006 Annual Conference) 2006.

[8] 2005.

[9]

TISCHUK 2004.

[10] AIChE/CCPS (1989). Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis. Center for Chemical Process Safety American Institute of

Chemical Engineers New York.

[11] AIChE in conjunction with The Process Safety Institute and JBF AssociatesInc(1994). Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment for

Chemical Process Industry Practioners Course3Consequence

Assessment and Mitigation.

[12] IEC 61511-1 Functional Safety - Safety Instrumented Systems

185

for the Process Industry Sector - Part 1: Framework definitions

system hardware and software requirements 2003.

[13] IEC 61511-3 Functional Safety - Safety Instrumented Systems

for the Process Industry Sector Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels 2003.

[14] IEC 61508-2 Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/

Programmable Electronic Safety-related systemsPart 2:

Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems 2000.


Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 6: Guidelines on the application of IEC 61508-2 and IEC 61508-3

2000.


Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 7: Overview of techniques and measures 2000.


Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 1: General requirements 1998.


Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 3: Software requirements 1998.


Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems - Part 5:

Examples of methods for the determination of safety integrity levels 1998.

[20] EWICS Guidelines for the Use of Programmable Logic

186

Controllers in Safety-related Systems 1998.

[21] Center for Chemical Process Safety Guidelines for Safety

Automation of Chemical Processes. A.I.Ch.E. New York 1992.

[22] TWI and Royal & Sun Allicance Engineering. Best practice for risk based inspection as a part of plant integrity management Health

Safety Executive(HSE)(Contract Research Report 363/2001).

[23] Brown S.J. (1985). Energy Release Protection for Pressurized

systems. Part I Review of Studies into Blast and Fragmentation. Applied Mechanics Reviews 38 (12 December) 1625-1651.

[24] Risk-Based Inspection API RP580. 2002.

[25] Risk-Based Inspection Base Resource Document API Publication 581. First Edition May 2000.

A(Availability Required)V-203

I~NV-203Plant Physical Data

Documents

1.1 危險性設備延檢或替代檢查實施緣由ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/moeaidb/013343/013343.pdf · 版；目前API 510(壓力容器檢測規範)、API 570(管線檢測規範)和