8.

8.1. High. Anticyclone Trough Upper front Secondary front Eye of stormSleetilRidge Ridge of high pressure

Thunderstorm (TSTM)ThunderDepressionRain

Long-range forecast. Mist. Haze. Isobars. Isotherms Short-range forecastShower SleetDamp, Frost, freezingDrizzleMonsoonsCloud Widely-scattered TSTMSOcclusionPrecipitation Sea subsiding Overcast

Polar front Hurricane warning

DiscontinuanceForecastClearing upDewColStrongOccasional. Snow. Sleet Blizzard Snow pelletsStratosphereDryTyphoon Dew point Tropical cycloneTroposphere. Fog. HazeModerateHurricane

. / Front. Cold/warm Thunderhead Frontal waveLow. CycloneSquallStorm warning

1198.2. Beaufort scaleCalm, less than 1 knot Light air, 1-3 knots 1

2 Light breeze, 4-5 knots Gentle breeze, 7-8 knots 3

4 Moderate breeze,

11-16 knots

5 Fresh breeze,

17-21 knots

6 Strong breeze,

22-27 knots

Near (hard) gale, 7 22-33 knots

8 Gale, 34-40 knots 9 Strong gale,

41-47 knots

10 Storm, 48-55 knots 11 Violent storm,

56-63 knots

12 Hurricane, 64 and over

knots

. Gust. Gusty wind

Squall Sea breeze Land breeze Prevailing windTrade-windBoraSirocco Norther

, Whirlwind, water-spout Duststorm Sandstorm Shift of wind veer

Shift of wind back

TyphoonLow The wind is blowing

from S

The weather is

improving

The weather was bad The weather will be

fine

The wind has fallen ()

What is the w. f. for ?Tomorrow? -SE wind near 10 kt 10

MonsoonTornado Wind ahead (adverse

wind, foul wind, head) Wind aft (following) Side wind Relative wind ()

Wind-force Becalmed wind Choppy wind8.3. Wave-Calm (glassy)

, ,Calm (rippled)1

,Smooth (waveless)2 , 0,2-0,3 , Slight3 , 0,5- 1,25 , Moderate4 , 1,25- 2,5

Rough5 , 2,5-4,0

Very rough6 , 4-6

High7 , 6-9

Very high8 , 9-12

Phenomenal9 , 12

5 Seas less than 5 fts Heavy sea Surge Wave lent I low sea Surging sea (angry)Ground sea8.4. No swell 2 Low swell 2-4 Moderate swell 4 Heavy swell Confused swell SurgeSurfTsunamis

Breaker 100 Short swell waves

0-100 m

100-200 Average swell waves 100-200 m

Long swell waves

200 over200 m

Chopping (choppy)1208.5. Head sea, meeting wave Bow-sea, quarter headwave

Astern sea, following

wave

Quarter(ing) sea ,Sea abeam, athwart sea

]

8.6. ( ) - 0Pancake -

- 1Brash - 1

M - 2Ice cakes - 2

- 3Sinai I floe - 3

Medium floe - 4 - 4

Big floe - 5 - 5

Vast floe - 6

- 6

Giant floe - 7

- 7

- 8Fast ice - 8

- 9Iceberg - 9

- No form -

8.7. ( ) New ice - 1 - 1 - 2Nilas - 2 - 4Grey ice - 4- - 5Grey-white ice - 5 /Thin first-year/White - 7ice - 7

Medium first-year - 1ice - 1

Thick first-year - 4ice - 4

- 7Old ice - 7

8.8. Iceberg Bare ice Friendly ice Pancake ice Ice-bound Big floe Large fracture Large ice field

Fracturing Giant fIoe Glacier ice Rotten iceSleet Concentration boundary

Fast-ice boundary Ridge Ridge iceRidging Second-year ice Anchor ice Pack ice Beset Bight Flaw polynya Snow covered iceSastrugi Flooded ice Flaw lead Fracture zone Finger rafting

Finger-rafted iceLead Ice limit Ice edge Fast-ice edge Small floes Glowler , Easy area, slight ice

Ice of land origin

Stranded ice, Grounded iceGlacier Ice boundaryIce cover Ice blink Brash ice, slab ice Ice wall Floe Grease ice Ice front Ice island

Young coastal ice Ice Jam Ice keel Ice mass if Ice canopy Small fracture Small icefield

121

Ice cake Multi-year ice New ice Consolidated ridge Frost smoke Sea ice Rafting Rafted ice Hostile iceFloebergNil as Medium floe Bergy bit Vast floes First-year ice Medium first-year ice

Lake ice Sky light Open water Very close pack ice (Calving

)

Floating ice Shearing IcefootBummick Belt Ridged ice zone Strip FlawPolynya Shore polynya Shore lead Tide crackFast iceThaw hole Ice patchFracture Diffuse ice edge

Open pack ice Glacier berg Very open pack ice River ice Level iceStanding floe New ridge

Light Nilas- Grey-white ice Grey ice Nip Ice under pressure Icefield

Consolidated pack ice

Ice breccioPuddle SnowdnftSlush, Compacting Compacted ice edgeConcentration Compacted pack ice Close floating ice

Medium fracture Medium ice field

Mean ice edgeGrounded hummock Aged ridge Old ice Recurring polynya Tabular bergRam Dark Nilas Small ice cake Thick first-year ice Thin first-year iceTopocHummock Hummocked iceHummockingCrack Difficult area Very small fractureFirn Ice-free / open water Iceport Ice shelfShuga Iceberg tongue Glacier tongue Tongue8.9. - (A)Tidal amplitude Anomalous tides Coastal line Great diurnal range

Bore Range of tide Night water Age of tide Time of low water Duration of fall Time of high water Duration of rise Stand of tide

() Higher low water (HLW) Higher High water (HHW)()

Height of low water Height of high water Height (rise) of tide Spring rise

Height of mean level(ML)Harmonic constants

Depth at any moment

122 Depth at low water

Depth at high water

, Depth at chart datum

The depth at any moment Sea level at any moment

Secondary pointSlacken (,Slack water)

Low water neaps (LWN) High water neaps (HWN)

Neap tide Rat ion of (tide) ranges Lunar (Lunitidal)

interval

(MB)Low water (LW) Low water neaps Low water springs Shallow tide Mixed tide

()Lower Low water (LLW) Lower high water (LHW) ()

Datum; datum of

soundings

Chart datum

Datum level

Standard port

Ebb; falling water Ebb current; ebb tide

stream

Period

Rise

() Rise (height) above datum of sounding ()High water (HW)

High water neaps

High water springs Semi-diurnal tide

Allowance Time difference Height difference

Correction for high water full and change High water full and

change

It is high water full 2 20 and change at port at

2 h 20m

Low water full and

change

Tide; flood; raising

water

Tidal wave Interval from high () water/low water

Dead tide

High (low-water)() spring Spring Mixed tide Fall of tide Mean sea level Mean high water spring (Neaps)

()

Mean tide level Mean range of tide Mean higher high water

()High (low water) stand

(,Slack water )

Diurnal inequality Diurnal tide Tidal current tables

Tide tables Height of tide Morning water Quarter-diurnal tide8.10. Broken (bn)Boulders ()

Weeds (Wd)Volcanic (V)Sticky (Sy)Shingle (Sn)GipsClay ()

Loamy mudGlobigerinaBoulders ()

Pebbles (P)Gravel (G)Ground (Gr)Sponge (Sp) Diatom mud

Carcareous (Ca)Mud (M) SiIty sandStones (St)Quarts (Qr)Shingle (Sn)Corals (Co)Lava (Lv)Glacial (Gl)Manganese (Mg)Chalk (Ck)Fine (f)Marl (Ml)Soft (so)Pumice (Pm)Sand (S)123

Sundy mudHard groundRadiolariaShells (Sh)Light (Lt)Rock (R)Schist

Stiff (sf)Dark (d)Tufa (T)Oysters (Oy)Scoria (Sc)Grus (Gr)8.11. aCharacteristic of barometric tendency (

(3-hours pressure change)3 )

biIce of land origin (icebergs)()

ChType of high cloud (cirrocumulus, cirrostratus)

lType of low cloud (stratocumulus stratus, cumulus)

CmType of medium cloud (altocumulus, altostratus, nimb)

ciConcentration of sea ice

DiBearing of principal ice edge

( DsDirection towards which ship is moving

)(Course)

- ddDirection in tens of degrees, from which wind

is blowing

() c- dw1 (dw2) Direction from which first swell waves are

coming

Direction from which (second) swell waves are

coming

- Es EsThickness of ice accretion in cm

ffWind speed in knots or metres (second)

UTC GGHour of observation in whole hours UTC Hw HwHeight of sea waves in half metres

() Hw1 (Hw2) Height of first swell waves in half metres

Height of (second) swell waves in half metres hHeight of the lowest cloud - LaLaLaLatitude in degrees and tenths

LoLoLoLongitude in degrees and tenths

NTotal amount of cloud; total cloud cover NhLowest cloud cover PwPwPeriod of sea waves in seconds

() Pw1 (Pw2) Period of first swell waves in seconds

Period of (second) swell waves in seconds Pressure in millibars and tenths

Amount of barom. tendency during 3 hrs preceding3

the time of observation RsRate of ice accretion SiStage of development of sea ice SnSign of temperature in code - Air temperature in whole degrees and tenths ( -

(dry bulb temperature) )

TdTdTdDew-point temperature in whole degrees and

tenths TwTwTwSea-surface temperature in degrees and tenths

VVHorizontal visibility VsSpeed of ship, ship's average speed W1W2Past weather (1-primary, 2-secondary)124

WWPresent WeatherYearMMMonth ()YYDay of the month -2iIce situation and trend

UUUHumidity of the air in per cent Speed of the current zzHundreds of metres of depth RRRAmount of precipitation IsIce accretion cause iwWind indicator iRPrecipitations data indicator ixWeather data indicator

, QcQuadrant

8.12. about ABVabove ACPYaccompany

ACRSacross ADVNadvance AFTNafternoon AMSair mass , ARNDaround ATattitude , AVGaverage become BCMGbecoming BGFbig floe BGNbegin , BHNDbehind BLObelow

BRKNbroken CHGchange CLOcloud , CLRclear CLRGclearing CMNCcommence CNconcentra-

tion

CNDcondition , CNTRcentre CONTNcontinue close pack

ice , CSTLcostal ()BSHbrash ice DCRdecrease , DCRGdecreasing

developing

low

)OMSHdiminish , DNSdense , DFTdrift DRZLdrizzle DSIPTdisperse DSNTdistant DSTdestroy DWLPdevelopment DWPNTdew point ENDGending

ENTRentirelyFCSTforecastFLDfield, FIGfallingFLWfollow, FQTfrequent FQT SHWRS frequent

shower

,FRMGforming

FRSTfrostFRZfreeze FRZNfrozen , GENLYgenerally, GNDground

GNDFGground fogGRDLgradualGRPgroup (33-43 ) GWgale

wind HIGH(12-15 )SEASHRZNhorizonHURCNhurricane HUREPHZYhazy ICE FREEICGicingI NCRincreaseINDFTindefinite, INTSintensive, INVICin vicinity()IPVimproveLCLlocal LCLYlocallyLGTlightLEADLKLYlikelyLTLlittleLVLlevelLWRlowerLYRlayerMBSmillibars MDFmedium floeMDTmoderate125, MIDmiddleMIDNmidnightMINminimumMOVmovementMRNQmorning MSLmean sea

level

NRNnorthen

OCFNTocclusion

front

OCLNocclusion OCNoccasion

OPEN

WATER

1 OPWRopen water OVCovercast

PCPNprecipita

tion

PROperiod PRTGprotracting PSBLpossible PSNposition PRLYpartly PVLprevail QSquasistationary RDGridge RMNremain

RPDLYrapidly SCTDscattered SHWRSshowers SFCsurface

SHFTshift

, SHLWshallow

SHWRshower

, , SLslush

SLGTLY slightly

SLOWLY

SLTsleet SMFsmall floesSMKsmokeSNWsnowSQLLsquallSTAstationarySTMstormSTNYstationarySTNRYstationarySVRLseveral SWstorm wind ( 48 )

SYNsynopsis TDtropical

depression thaw hole THNthin

TROGthrough TStropical

storm

TSNWRthundershower

TSTMthunderstorm

TWOtoward(s) TYtyphoon UNKunknown VAFvast floes VARvariable

VCPKvery close (10 )

pack ice

VELvelocity

VOPKvery open

pack ice VSBvisible VSBYvisibility WOwide

WKweak WKNweaken WLYwesterly

WNOwind

WRMwarm

WRNwestern

WWDwestward