19.04.23Rigel Kivi, FMI-ARC

Rigel Kivi (1), Holger Vömel (2), Franz Immler (2), Terhi Lehtola (3), Niklaus Kämpfer (4), Corinne Straub (4), Vladimir Yushkov (5), Sergey Khaykin (5), Tina Christensen (6), Frank G. Wienhold (7)

(1) Arctic Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland, (2) Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg / Richard Aßmann Observatory, German Meteorological Service (DWD), Lindenberg, Germany, (3) Vaisala Oy, Helsinki, Finland, (4) Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, (5) Central Aerological Observatory, Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of the Environment (Roshydromet), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation, (6) Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, (7) Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland

1

2

FMI Sodankylä site is currently participating in the EU Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility (LAPBIAT) Project. Sodankylä site is operated by the Finnish Meteorological Institute Arctic Research Centre (FMI-ARC). Location of the site is 67.4 °N, 26.6 °E, 179 m above mean sea level; WMO station’s number is 02836. Networks: GUAN, GAW, NDACC, GRUAN.

FMI

19.04.23Rigel Kivi, FMI-ARC

From Seidel et al., 2009

3

Motivation:•Instrument comparisons (water vapor, aerosol) •water vapor and Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) in the polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming (SSW)

Timing:Balloon flights in January-February 2010 and March 2010, remote sensing for January-June 2010 and from September 2010

04/19/23Rigel Kivi, FMI-ARC

FMI

4

Instruments:1. Balloon borne sondes (18 +15 payloads altogether; 119+53=172 individual instruments)

Vaisala RR01 sonde InterMet sondeVaisala RS92 GRAW

FLASH-B/RS92 CFH/ozonesonde/InterMet/RS80

ETHZ COBALD aerosol sondeBKS aerosol sonde /ozonesonde/RS80

2.Remote sensingMIAWARA-C radiometer (University of Bern);FTIR, GPS, Lidar; Satellite instruments: MLS, IASI, others

19.04.23Rigel Kivi, FMI-ARC

FMI

5

RR01, Vaisala Reference Radiosonde prototype

Vaisala has launched a program to develop an operational reference grade radiosonde for climate studies. Program focuses first on UTLS humidity measurements. This is targeting the needs of GRUAN network.

•RS92 radiosonde+DRYCAP® sensor module•DRYCAP® capacitive thin film sensor•Frost point temperature range -30..-90 °C•Operated at constant temperature•Response time is not temperature dependent, thus temperature correction is not needed•Sensor drift is reduced by autocalibration

During LAPBIAT campaign in January-March 2010 three different wind shield designs and radiation shield was tested.

Comparisons with CFH cryogenic frost point hygrometer. See Lehtola et al., TECO-2010

6

RR01, Vaisala reference radiosonde prototype

RR01_16 with radiation shield and RR01_12 without radiation shield

Comparison with the CFH

A B

7

Radiosondes vs. CFH, Troposphere

Tropospheric humidity measurements on 20 January 2010 at 15:25 UT over Sodankylä, Finland, using the CFH cryogenic frost point hygrometer, two Vaisala RS92 sensors (marked as sensor “a” and “b”) and the Intermet radiosonde. 8

RS92 radiosondes vs. CFH, Troposphere

9

                         MIAWARA-C    GPS   FTSDifference to sonde (%):      -0.6    2.9   5.2Standard deviation (%) :      21.5   14.0   5.5Number of pairs        :       309    293    53

IWV comparisons

10

MIAWARA-C, University of Bern, Switzerland

Compact 22GHz microwave radiometer for water vapor profiling, Sodankylä observations from 15-January-2010 until 20-June-2010.More details on the instrument in Straub et al., AMTD 2010

11

PSC temperatures in the Arctic vortex

Sodankylä

12

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432

WVMR, ppmv

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

102 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

100BKS ratio

-90 -80 -70 -60Temperature, deg. C

160140120100

RHi, %

Sodankyla 67.4 N17 J anuary 2010 21 UT

BKS ratio at 870 nm water vapour temperature RHi saturation mix. ratio water vapour (CFH)

FLASH-B, RS92, Cobald, CFH (ascent)

13

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

Evolution of stratospheric water vapour during January 2010

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010 22 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010 22 J an 2010 23 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010 22 J an 2010 23 J an 2010 25 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010 22 J an 2010 23 J an 2010 25 J an 2010 28 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

Hei

ght,

km

1098765432water vapour, ppmv

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50Temperature, deg. C

17 J an 2010 22 J an 2010 23 J an 2010 25 J an 2010 28 J an 2010 29 J an 2010

FLASH-B /RS92CFH / IntermetLAPBIAT-2010Sodankyla 67.4 N, 26.6 E

14

CFH Sonde, MLS

CFH Sonde (black line), MLS (red line)15

Summary:

1. Instrument tests and comparisons• Vaisala reference sonde RR01 tested under Arctic conditions

• InterMet sonde, Graw, RS92 sonde comparisons with Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH) and Fluorescent Advanced Stratospheric Hygrometer (FLASH)

•COBALD/BKS observations

•MIAWARA-C, FTIR, GPS, MLS

FMI

16

2. PSCs and water vapor

- formation of distinct dehydration layer at 20-24 km with H2O reduction of up to 1.2 ppmv- formation of rehydration layer at 18- 21 km with H2O enhancement up to 1.1 ppmv- redistribution of water vapor within 18-24 km with ice particles having sedimented 2 km down

Acknowledgement:

LAPBIAT Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility

Improving the Human Research Potential and the Socio-Economic Knowledge Base

FMI

17

Thank you !

19.04.23Rigel Kivi, FMI-ARC 18

References

Lehtola, T., P. Survo, H. Turtiainen, R. Kivi (2010), Application of Vaisala Drycap® Sensor in Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Humidity Measurements, Upper-Air and Remote Sensing Observations of Water Vapor. WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation (TECO-2010), Helsinki, Finland, 30 August - 1 September 2010.

Straub, C., A. Murk, and N. Kaempfer (2010), MIAWARA-C, a new ground based water vapor radiometer for measurement campaigns, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 3, 2389-2432, doi:10.5194/amtd-3-2389-2010.

19