ASSIGNMENT (2017-18)

XII - HISTORY

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART – I

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART – II

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART – III

NCERT TEXTBOOK FOR HISTORY

ASSIGNMENT 01

LESSON - BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES

1. Who was John Marshal? How did he mark a change in the Indian Archeology?

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2. Mention changes that were observed after 1900 BCE in Harappan Civilization. What could have brought these changes?

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3. Who was REM Wheeler? Mention his contribution in the field of Archeology.

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4. Who was Cunningham? Mention sources he collected to understand the Harappan culture.

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5. “The most unique feature Mohenjodaro was the planned urban centre” support the example with statement.

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6. Describe briefly drainage system of Harappan cities.

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7. How have historians provided new insight into the subsistence strategies of Harappan culture?

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8. Discuss the causes of decay and disappearance of the Harappan Civilization. What is the legacy of the Civilization?

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9. Describe the similarities between the city of Harappa and Mohenjodaro.

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10. How do archaeologist trace the centres of art and craft?

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ASSIGNMENT 02

LESSON – KINGS, FORMERS AND TOWNS

1. Describe the sources used to construct the history of Mauryan Empire.

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2. Why was Mauryan Empire regarded as a major landmark in early Indian history?

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3. Critically examine the limitations of the inscriptional evidences in understanding political and economic history of India.

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4. How do the modern historians explain the development of Magadha as the most powerful Mahajanpada? Explain.

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5. “The mid first millennium BCE is often regarded as major turning point in history” justify.

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6. Explain the system of land grants and trade from600 BCE to 600 CE.

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7. What were guilds? What was their position in jthe economic system during the Mauryan rule?

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8. Write a note on Asoka’s Dhamma.

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9. “There is no aspect of life, culture and activities of the Indians that is not reflected in inscriptions” discuss.

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10. What are the problems found by the epigraphists while analysing inscriptions?

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ASSIGNMENT 03

LESSON – KINGSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS

1. Mahabharata is good source to study the Kinfolk’s values of ancient times? Justify this statement with suitable arguments.

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2. Who composed the original story of the text of Mahabharata? Describe the various stages through which Mahabharata was completed between 5th century BCE and 400 BCE.

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3. Who composed the original story of Mahabharata in Oral form? Explain any four elements considered by the historians while analyzing Mahabharata.

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4. Discuss the transmission and duplication of Mahabharata.

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5. Examine the work of the research scholars of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.

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6. Discuss the caste system and social differences as described in Dharmasutras and Dharmashastras.

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7. What were the condition of women in the period between 600 BCE to 600 CE?

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8. Who were untouchables? What was their position in society?

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9. Discuss whether the Mahabharata could have been work of a single author.

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10. Critically examine the duties as laid down in Manuscript for the Chandals.

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ASSIGNMENT 04

LESSON – THINKERS, BLEAVES AND BUILDERS

1. Explain the structural and Sculptural feature of the Sanchi Stup.

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2. Buddha laid stress on right conduct and values. In the light of above massage, explain his teachings on life.

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3. Explain any five elements considered by the historians while analyzing texts.

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4. Describe the teachings of the Buddha.

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5. How do principles of Jainism influence Indian thinking?

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6. How was the fate of Amravati Stupa different from Sanchi Stupa? Explain.

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7. Why were the Europeans during the 19th century? Give reasons.

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8. Why are Buddhist Stupa said to be “Stories in Stone” Explain.

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9. To extent does knowledge of Buddhist literature help in understanding the sculpture at Sanchi.

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10. Describe the development of Puranic Hinduism.

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ASSIGNMENT 05

LESSON – THROGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS

1. “Bernier’s description of imperial land ownership influenced western theorists like French philosopher Montesquieu and German Kard Maxx”. Justify it with suitable arguments.

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2. How had Bernier described a complex social reality of the artisans under the Mughals?

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3. Describe the social condition of India as described by Al-Beruni in 12th century.

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4. Describe the social customs and manners of Indians described by Ibn Batuta during the time of Mohammad Bin Tughlaq.

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5. According to Bernier, “ Crown ownership of land has disastrous consequences for the economy and the society”. Explain the statement.

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6. Why did Abul Fazl describe the land revenue as remuneration of sovereignty?

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7. Why did travellers, who came to India, sometimes took social inequalities for ranted as a natural state of affairs? Explain.

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8. What was the method of writing adopted by Bernier? What was his objects?

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9. Explain Al-Beruni’s description of the caste system in India.

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10. Describe the “barriers which Al-Beruni thoughy were obstructing in his task.

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ASSIGNMENT 06

LESSON – BHAKTI-SUFI TRADITIONS

1. Describe the differences and conflicts in the evolution of changes in religious beliefs or forms of worship.

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2. What were faiths of the rulers and the subjects during the period from eighth to eighteenth centuries? What policy was followed by the rulers towards their subjects?

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3. Explain Chishti devotionalisms with special references to ziarat and qawwali.

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4. Explain the significance of Kabir’s poems and the traditions he drew to describe the ultimate reality.

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5. Describe the languages and the modes of communication adopted by the Chisties.

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6. Explain the different ways in which the word Sufism has been used.

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7. Describe the main features of life in the Chisti khanqah of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi.

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8. Describe the Great and Little traditions.

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9. Describe the early traditions of Bhakti.

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10. Describe the main features of the Virashiva tradition in Karnataka.

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ASSIGNMENT 07

LESSON – AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL VIJAYANAGARA

1. Describe the amara-nayakas system of the Vijayanagara.

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2. Identify the rituals and practices associated with the Manavami Dibba, a structure in the Royal Centre of Vijayanagara Empire.

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3. Outline the distinctive features of the Virupaksha temple and the Vitthala temple in the Royal Centre of Vijayanagara Empire.

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4. Write a note on the fortification of the city of Vijayanagara.

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5. Write a note on gopurams and mandapas.

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6. Describe the main features of the Vitthala temple. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7. What do you understand by gajapati, ashvapati and narapati?

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8. Give a brief description of Virupaksh temple.

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9. What impressions of the lives of the ordinary people of Vijayaagara can you cull from the various descriptions in the chapter?

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10. What are the sources to know about the Vijayanagara Empire?

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ASSIGNMENT 08

LESSON – PEASANT, ZMINDARS AND THE STATE

1. Describe the condition of village artisans in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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2. Describe the condition and role of women in agrarian society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

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3. Describe the technologies the were used by the peasants.

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4. Describe the nature of village community in the 16th centuries.

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5. Describe the factors that accounted for the constant expansion of agriculture during 16th and 17th centuries.

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6. Assess the role played by Panchyats in the villages during Mughal period.

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7. Examine the status and role played by the women in the agrarian society during Mughal period.

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8. Examines the strengths and weaknesses of Ain-i-Akbari.

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9. Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal in India.

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10. How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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ASSIGNMENT 09

LESSON – KINGS AND CHRONICLES

1. Write a note on the painted images in the Mughal chronicles. What was their purpose? Why it led to conflict with ulama? What policy was adopted by Akbar towards painters?

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2. The keeping of exact and detailed records was a major concern of the Mughal administration. Critically examine the statement.

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3. Write a note on titles and awards under the Mughals.

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4. How was the ideal of sulh-I kul implemented through state policies?

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5. What is calligraphy? Which was Akbar’s favourite calligraphy and how was that written? Who was the famous calligrapher in nastaliq?

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6. Describe the process of manuscript production in the Mughal court.

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7. In what ways would the daily routine and special festivities associated with the Mughal court have conveyed a sense of the power of the emperor?

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8. Asses the role played by women of the imperial household in the Mughal Empire.

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9. Discuss the major features of Mughal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces?

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10. Discuss, with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles.

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ASSIGNMENT 10

LESSON – COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE

1. Why did the zamindars default on payments in the early decades after the Permanent Settlement?

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2. Write a note on the Deccan Riots Commission. What is the importance of such reports for the reconstruction of history?

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3. Explain David Ricardo’s ideas of rent of land.

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4.Describe the real intention of Buchanan’s journeys to India.

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5.Why did the Paharias invade plains where settled agriculturists lived and how was peace purchased by the Zamindars?

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6. Write a note on the Fifth Report.

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7. Explain how the power of the jotedars within a village was more effective than that of zamindars.

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8. Who introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal? What were its objects?

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9. What steps were taken by the East India company to control, regulate and subdue the authority of the zmaindars in Bengal?

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10. How did the American Civil War affect the lives of Ryots in India?

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ASSIGNMENT 11

LESSON – REBELS AND THE RAJ

1. The rumours in 1857 began to make sense when seen in the context of the policies pursued by the British from late 1820s. Support your answer with evidence.

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2. Describe the reasons for the discontentment among the sepoys in Awadh before the Mutiny of 1857.

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3. The dispossession of taluqdars meant the breakdown of an entire social order. Critically examine the statement.

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4. Explain difference between Mutiny and Revolt with reference events in 1857 in 1857.

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5. When and where did the Mutiny begin?

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6. What is Bell of arms?

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7. Why did the rebels attack the moneylenders and the rich and where?

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8. What do you understand by Firangi?

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9. What was the main basis of the Summary Settlement of 1856?

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10. What did the sepoys from Meerut told Mughal Emperor on reaching Red Fort?

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ASSIGNMENT 12

LESSON – COLONIAL CITIES

1. Differentiate the characteristics between the towns and rural areas in the pre-colonial period in India.

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2. Hill stations were a distinctive feature of colonial urban development. Explain with reference to the importance ad advantages of the hill stations.

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3. Describe the importance of buildings and architectural styles.

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4. What was the Lottery Committee? What were its achievements?

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5. Write a note on condition of the working class or the labouring poor within the cities.

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6. What are cantonments? Why were these places considered safe enclave?

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7. Colonial cities reflected the mercantile culture of the new rules. Explain.

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8. Why the smaller town could not grow rapidly like Bombay, Madras and Calcutta?

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9. What are the advantages of good maps of an area?

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10. Give a brief description of the towns in South India.

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ASSIGNMENT 13

LESSON – MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT

1. Examine the different kinds of sources from which political career of Gandhiji and the history of the National Movement could be reconstructed.

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2. How was Quite India Movement genuinely a mass movement? Explain.

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3. Why was the state monopoly in the manufacture ad sale of salt unpopular among the masse? Also explain how the Salt March of Mahatma Gandhi was notable.

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4. Explain how Gandhiji’s mass appeal was undoubtedly genuine in the context of Indian politics and how it contributed to his success in broadening the basis of nationalism.

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5. Describe the objects, events, consequences and importance of the Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement.

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6. Which was the first public appearance of Gandhiji in India after his return from South Africa? What did he say there? What was the importance of his speech?

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7. Write a note on Campaign against Rowlatt Act.

8. What was the political condition of India at the time of arrival of Gandhi from South Africa in 1915?

9. How had the American newsmagazine Time reported the Dandi March of Gandhiji in its first report and in the later reports?

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10. When was Direct Action Day celebrated and what were its consequences?

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ASSIGNMENT 14

LESSON – UNDERSTANDING PARTITION

1. Explain the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission and explain the reasons for rejecting the plan suggested by the Cabinet Mission in 1946 by both Congress and Muslim League.

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2. Explain I the valiant efforts of Gandhiji in restoring communal harmony.

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3. Why did the Congress reject the offer of the Muslim League to form a join government? Explain.

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4. The Indian-haters in Pakistan and Pakistan-haters in India are the products of Partition. Explain.

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5. What is Shudddhi and Communalism?

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6. What is Lucknow Pact?

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7. How the partition has been called by people and survivors?

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8. What is difference between holocaust and the Partition?

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9. What is Arya Samaj?

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10. When were separate electorates granted to the Muslims by the Colonial rulers.

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ASSIGNMENT 15

LESSON – FRAMING THE CONSTITRTION

1.Describe the backward in which the Constituent Assembly met and framed the Constitution.

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2. Which non-Congress members of the Constituent Assembly played an important role?

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3. How were the discussions within the Constituent Assembly influenced by the opinions expressed by the people? Explain.

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4. Describe how the Constituent Assembly was constituted?

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5. Describe how the Congress was a broad front arty in the Constituent Assembly?

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6. How did the Constituent Assembly seek to resolve the language controversy?

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7. When Indian Constitution come into effect?

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8. What was the aim of the Constitution?

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9. What was the main demand put forward by the linguistic inorities?

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10. What was the role played by Valabh Bhai Patel in the Constituent Assembly?

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