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Environmental Status Report 2001-2002

2.2.1 History

NMMC Area

The growth of Mumbai city is constrained by sea at south, east and west. As a result total land area available for development of Mumbai is limited. Hence, developmental planners, in late 1960s started exploiting alternative for dispersal and control of Mumbai population. Eminent architects, Charles Coria, Shirish Patel and Pravin Mehta suggested Navi Mumbai as alternative to Mumbai. Navi Mumbai has been developed as a planned city, a counter magnet for Mumbai. It has been developed as an independent, fully selfcontained metro city. Navi Mumbai is the world's large, totally planned, well-balanced, modern city. Navi Mumbai has been planned and developed by CIDCO to meet the infrastructural needs of a modern metropolis. City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) is a State Public Sector Undertaking registered under Companies Act in March 1970. CIDCO prepared developmental plan for Navi Mumbai covering 95 villages from Thane and Raigad district covering total area of 343.70 sq km. (Table 2.1.1). This was approved by the Government of Maharashtra in August 1979.Table 2.1.1 : Proposed Land-use Pattern in Navi Mumbai as Per CIDCO PlanSr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Distribution of Land Low lying area unsuitable for development MIDC Industrial Area Defence area at Uran Port at Nhava Sheva Reg

ional Parks Sewage Farming Fisheries Net Area Available for Urban Development Total Source : Development Plan for Navi Mumbai, CIDCO Area in Sq. Km. 34.20 28.104.56 12.00 72.25 9.00 9.00 174.59 343.70

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation

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Navi Mumbai has been developed as an environment friendly, beautifully landscaped area with parks, gardens and promenades along waterfronts. Care has been takento preserve the mountainous terrain, lakes and green spaces in Navi Mumbai, which cover nearly half of its total area. For catering to the requirements of 29 villages in CIDCO project and 15 villages from Kalyan notified area NMMC was formed vide Government order dated December 17, 1991. NMMC came in to existence on January 1, 1992. Total area under NMMC is 162.5 sq km. (Table 2.1.2).Table 2.1.2 : Land-use in NMMC AreaLand-use Marshy land Urban area MIDC area Forests/Sanctuaries Villages/Agriculture (Source : City Engineer, NMMC) Area, sq km 30.75 52.60 25.60 26.55 27.00 162.50

In the beginning, 15 villages under Kalyan notified area were transferred to NMMC. In the CIDCO area there are six nodes viz. CBD Belapur, Vashi, Nerul, Koparkhairane, Sanpada and Ghansoli. Except for Ghansoli other five nodes are fully developed and hence, all powers under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act 1966, have been transferred to NMMC. 2.2 Location Navi Mumbai is a part of south Konkan coast line. This coastal line joins Sahyadri mountain ranges in southand 50 to 100 m high hills in east. Navi Mumbai area lies between mountain ranges and coast line. Navi Mumbai is located between 19o5and 19o15latitude and 72o5o5longitude.


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2.3

Demography Navi Mumbai is close to Mumbai. The Maharashtra Government industrialpromotion policy leads to development of industrial belt in Navi Mumbai. Theseindustries, in turn, attracted a large population as workers. Also, the cost ofreal estate and housing in Navi Mumbai is much less than costs in Mumbai and sub-urban areas. Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from Mumbai to Navi Mumbai. Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Textile Processing, Petrochemical, Electronics, Oil and Processing, Paper, Plastic, Steel and Food Industries in the Taloja and Thane Belapur Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbai offer jobopportunities of every conceivable kind - from engineers to mechanics to clerksto peons. As a result a large population of service class and middle class population shifted to Navi Mumbai. The population residing within NMMC area has increased from 3.18 lakhs in 1991 to 7.04 lakhs. The decadal growth rate in various zones of NMMC varied from 8 % in Airoli to 309 % in Digha. (Table 2.3.1). The overall increase in population during 1991-2001 was 82 percent.

Table 2.3.1: Population in NMMC AreaZone A B C D E F G H I Name Belapur Nerul Vashi Turbhe Koparkhairane Ghansoli Airoli Digha Dahisar 1991 38,343 52,767 74,564 40,700 49,863 23,691 83,756 13,29510,227 2001 73,069 1,16,842 1,11,600 1,02,569 1,04,296 51,632 76,889 54,326 12,724 Decadal Increase % 91 121 50 152 109 118 -8 309 24 82

Total 3,87,206 7,03,947 (Source : Deputy Commissioner (Encroachments), NMMC)


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27 percent population staying in NMMC are workers. 4.1% in management, 8% in government services, 24% in household working (women) and 32% population is students. In NMMC area literacy is 74 %. (Table 2.3.2).Table 2.3.2 : Demographic details of NMMC Area as per 2001 CensusSr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Parameter Population Population in age group 0-6 yrs Literates Slum population Total 703947 95775 519503 138621 Male 395891 49736 313702 79836 Female 308056 46039 205801 58785

Population Distribution (% )based on 19991 Census Trading 8% Students 32% Govt./Semi Govt. 5% Management 4%Woman 24% Woman Workers Management

cWorkers 27%

Govt./Semi Govt. Students Trading

Figure 2.3.1


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Population Growth in NMMC Area140

Population in Thousands

120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Va sh i

ns ol i

ne

ul

ur

he

a

li

Ai ro

Be la p

D ig h

Ne r

ira

rb

kh a

Ko p

ar

1991

Figure No. 2.3.2Population Density in NMMC Area 200114000 12000

Population per Sq Km

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

G

2001

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Ai ro li

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kh ai ra ne

Be la pu r

D ah is ar

Va sh i

Tu rb he

ig ha

ol i

G ha ns

Figure No. 2.3.3

2.4

Climate Navi Mumbai temperature varies from 22oC to 36oC. In winter temperatureis between 17oC to 20oC while summer temperature ranges from 36oC to 41oC. Out of total rainfall, 80 % rainfall is experienced during June to October. Average a

nnual rainfall is 20002500 mm and humidity is 61-86 %.

Year 2001

Month Rainfall (mm)(Source; TBIA)

June 537

July 662

Ko pa r

August 622

September 1814

October 126


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Total 2128

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Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has a station in Thane Belapur Industry Association (TBIA) premises which daily collects meteorological data. Based on IMD observations, predominant wind direction in Navi Mumbai is southwest in monsoon and north-east during rest of the year. Micrometeorological observations werenoted by setting up station at CBD Belapur on 03-04-2002. The maximum and minimum wind speed was 8.8 km/hr and 0.9 km/hr respectively. The predominant wind direction was NE. The maximum and minimum temperature was 320C and 270C. The maximumand minimum relative humidity values noted were 96% & 17% as per MPCB and 50% &24% during our observation. (Table 2.4.1. A and B)Table 2.4.1.A : Meteorological Observations in Navi Mumbai Area During 2001Month August 2001 September 2001 October 2001 November 2001 February 2002 March2002 April 2002 Wind Speed, m/s Min Max Avg 0.1 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 1.5 1.51.0 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 Temperature 0C Min Max Avg 19.8 28.6 25.0 20.5 22.4 22.522.7 31.2 30.5 36.0 32.3 25.7 26.3 24.8 24.1 Min 71 63 36 17 21 Humidity % MaxAvg 96 90 96 96 82 59 79 78 86 77 63 50 58 55

0.5 1.0 0.7 25.7 41.3 31.3 33 0.7 1.7 1.2 28.8 41.8 34.1 48 (Source : Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, TBIA Station)

Table 2.4.1 B : Meteorological Data - 8hrs Monitoring(Location CBD Belapur Date: 03-04-2002)

Timing 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Wind Direction SE SE E NE E

Wind Speed Km/hr 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.8

Relative Humidity % 46 46 42 34 29

Temperature 0C 29 29 30 31 32


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Timing 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

Wind Direction NE NE E NE NE NE NE NE

Wind Speed Km/hr 7 8.8 8.3 7.5 4.4 8.6 0.9 1.6

Relative Humidity % 24 24 34 36 46 46 50 50

Temperature 0C 32 32 31 30 29 29 27 27

Prevailing Wind Direction NE

Wind Speed Km/hr Min. 0.9 Max. 8.8 Ave. 4.7

Relative Humidity % Min. 24 Max. 50 Ave. 39

Temperature 0C Min. 27 Max. 32 Ave. 29.8

Table 2.4.1 C: Meteorological Data - 24 hrs Monitoring(Location: CBD Belapur Date: 01-04-2002)

Timing 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 230

0 0000 0100

Wind Direction (From) NW NW NW NE NE NE NE NE NE N NE NE NE NE NE NE NE

Wind Speed Km/hr 1.8 0.9 1.7 10.8 14.4 10.2 9.3 11.3 15.8 1.9 3.7 3.0 1.8 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.7

Relative Humidity % 36 34 39 34 32 27 34 47 47 52 49 54 54 54 53 53 59

Temperature 0C 30 31 31 32 33 33 32 30 30 29 26 25 25 25 24 24 23


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Timing 0200 0300 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800

Wind Direction (From) NE NE NE NE NE NE NE

Wind Speed Km/hr 0.6 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6

Relative Humidity % 59 59 58 57 57 67 68

Temperature 0C 23 23 21 21 21 23 25

Wind Speed Prevailing Wind Min. Max. Avg. Direction NE 0.6 15.8 4.1

Relative Humidity Min. Max. Avg. 27 68 49.2

Temperature Min. Max. Avg. 21 33 25.6

June 2001

Source: MEEPL, Thane

September 2001Turbhe Area

Source: MEEPL, Thane

April 2002 CBD Belapur

Source: Field Monitoring on April 3, 2002.


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Figure 2.4


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2.5

Composition of NMMC Area Navi Mumbai is located at the centre of Mumbai Metropolitan Region. To the west and south of this area is Arabian Sea while to the eastis Thane, Kalyan and Panvel towns. The jurisdiction of NMMC starts at Digha innorth and ends at Belapur in south. NMMC area has been divided in nine zones sprawling in 162.5 sq km. These are Belapur, Nerul, Turbhe, Vashi, Koparkhairane, Ghansoli, Airoli, Digha, and Dahisar. Salient Features of various Zone in NMMC Area

Zone A

Area CBD Belapur

Important Features Central Business District (CBD) is the heart of Navi Mumbai.It is being developed as one of the biggest commercial as well as residential areas. CBD - Belapur is easily accessible from all parts of Navi Mumbai and Mumbaiby road, rail and water transport Mumbai. There exists a provision for a helipad and helicopter service making Belapur Station Complex accessible by air too. Awell designed, wide access road makes it directly accessible from the Sion Panvel Expressway. The Central Business District boasts of some of the most futuristic office and commercial buildings in style and aesthetic ambience. The Technolo

gy Centre in the Belapur Station Complex has a total built up area of 1 millionsq. feet has been built up facilities. Suburban Railway and hovercraft service directly connect Belapur to South


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Zone

Area

Important Features wonderfully to meet the international standards.

B

Nerul

Nerul is the biggest Residential Node of Navi Mumbai divided into 50 sectors; Nerul has developed at a very fast rate. Ideally located, the node is well known,with the presence of The D.Y. Patil Medical and Engineering College, The S.I.E.S. Institute of Management Studies, Colleges, Polytechnics and Schools.

C

Vashi

Vashi is connected by a four-lane bridge to Mumbai. It has large residential & commercial complexes, the picture perfect railway stations, roads, and shopping arcades. Vashi station complex is built to ISO 9002 quality standards and has set

a new benchmark for 21st century railway stations. It is directly accessed fromthe Mumbai - Pune Highway by a well designed, wide access road. Designed by M/sPheroze Kudianwala, the Vashi Station Complex turns out to be one of the largest and highly prestigious complexes of Navi Mumbai with a total built up area of7,57,289 sq.ft. The Complex houses Office 1,63,552 sq.ft. and an Premises covering an area of 5, 91,800 sq.ft. a Shopping Arcade of International Infotech Park(IIP). There are 12 service towers within it of which 6 are for elevators and remaining 6 for amenities/services. The complex offers 24 - hour water supply andits


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Zone

Area

Important Features independent sub - station ensures undisrupted power supply. To top that it offers ample parking space for four wheelers and two wheelers. Besides shops this spectacular arcade houses open air restaurants, kid's centers, banks and sit outs. Shops of all sizes and varied nature co-exist in this shopping arcade. The International Infotech Park (IIP) in the Station Complex is spreadover an area of 80 hectares with almost 6 lack sq. ft. of built up space of theVashi Railway Station at its epicenter. The IIP houses shops specific to Computer Industry.

D

Turbhe

Turbhe houses the biggest wholesale agricultural produce market in the entire area of Mumbai - the A.P.M.C. (Agricultural Produce Marketing Corporation). All agricultural produce like dals, wholegrains, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables etc. aresold in wholesale here.

E

Koparkhairane

Koparkhairne is a developing node of Navi Mumbai. The node is located close to Vashi. The Node has been divided into 16 sectors and a large number of residential areas have come up here. Over a period of next two years Koparkhairne will stand parallel to Navi Mumbai's most developed node - Vashi. There is Indira GandhiEngineering College.


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Zone

Area

Important Features

G

Airoli

This sea facing area connects Navi Mumbai directly to Mumbai via the beautiful Airoli Bridge. This is developed to give direct access from suburbs of Mumbai toNavi Mumbai. This link helps in proper dispersal of traffic and there is considerable saving in travel time and fuel cost. This bridge reduces the travel distance by 9 10 kms and also relieves pressure on existing Thane creek bridge and Kalwabridge. A road link connecting Thane-Belapur road and eastern express highway has been established by this bridge.

(Source: www.navimumbai.com)

2.6

Land Use in NMMC Area Government of Maharashtra had identified total area of 343.70 sq km for Navi Mumbai. Out of this only 162.5 sq km area is under NMMC. Thisarea includes residential, industrial, commercial, depots and godowns, administrative areas, education campuses, roads, railways, parking spaces, open spaces for public use, gardens, crematorium, water supply, sewerage, electric supply facilities. (Table 2.6.1, 2.6.2).


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Palas, Behda etc.

Landuse in NMMC Area

17%

19%

16%

32% 16%

Marshy land

Urban area

MIDC area

Forests/Sanctuaries

Villages/Agriculture

Figure No. 2.6.1

Out of the total developed area of 162.50 sq km, 50.79 % area is used for urban,commercial, industrial, administrative areas and infrastructure such as crematorium, water supply and sewage disposal, roads, railways. 19.92 sq km area is undeveloped. There is forest area of 26.55 sq km, 0.52 sq km garden area, 0.52 sq km lake area and 34.2 km creek length within NMMC limits. Maharashtra IndustrialDevelopment Corporation (MIDC) TTC

Industrial area is in NMMC. At present only 60% industries are almost closed oroperating at low capacities. Salient features of MIDC area are:Total Area Total length and breadth Total water supply Power consumption BlocksTotal internal road length Total no. industries 2562 ha (25.62 sq.km) 20 km/1.5

km average 54 MLD (source Barvi Dam) 400 MW S,R,A,C and D 34.5 km About 3000


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There are 37 lakes in Navi Mumbai. These lakes cover an area of 52,000 sq m. A scheme for beautification of these lakes has been undertaken by NMMC. (Table 2.6.3).Table 2.6.3 : Lakes and Ponds in NMMC AreaZone A Name Belapur Lake Belapur Lake Airoli Lake Karave Lake-1 Karave Lake-2 Darave Lake Shirvane lake Nerul Lake Kukshet Lake -1 Kukshet Lake -2 Juhu Gaon Lake Vashi gaon Lake Turbhe Lake Kopar Lake(Sanpada) Pawanegaon Lake CIDCO Lake Khairane Lake Savaligaon Lake CIDCO Holding Pond- Sector 20 CIDCO Holding Pond- Sector 14 F Ghansoli Gumali lake Talvali lake Rabada Lake Gothivali Lake Airoli Naka Lake Diva Lake Philips Pond CIDCO Holding Pond Sector 15 Khokad Lake Mokashi Lake 1,50,000 1,125 2,540 1,250 2,850 4,200 1,000 1,000 14,900 1,350 4,050 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 0.5 0.5 3.0 2.0 Area sq m 8,000 4,000 14,741 2,400 1,000 4,000 4,000 12,000 4,000 500 1,500 7,385 4,000 1,250 1,575 8,080 6,060 21,845 Water Level, m 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 3.0 2.5 2.52.0

B

Nerul

C D

Vashi Turbhe

E

Koparkhairane

G

Airoli

H I

Digha Dahisar


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Zone

Name

Lake Pimpri Thakurpada Lake Pimpri Gaon lake Vakalan Gaon Lake Nagaon Lake NorthShiv gaon Lake Gotheghar Gaon Lake

Area sq m 2,200 6,075 1,66,300 10,120 2,025 4,047

Water Level, m 2.0 1.5 4.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5

Narivali Gaon Lake Bale Gaon Lake Total

21,200 17,200 5,19,768

Ratio of Lake Area/Total Area1.00 0.90 0.80

sq m per sq km

0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00

Be la pu r

Di gh a

Va sh i

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Ko pa rk ha ira ne

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ar Da hi s

Tu rb he

Figure No. 2.6.2

View of Karavegaon Lake


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G ha ns

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To ta l

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There are over 1.5 lakh registered properties in NMMC which are used for residential, commercial and industrial purposes (Table 2.6.4 and 2.6.5). Construction of new buildings is going on in various zones. During year 2001-2002 over 1000 permissions to start new construction were granted. Review of records reveals thatVashi and Nerul is the most preferred zones for construction of new buildings.(Table 2.6.6)Table 2.6.4 : Number of Properties in NMMC AreaYear 1996-1997 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Normal Residential 1,03,807 1,08,603 1,11,956 1,18,159 1,30,338 1,34,551 Commercial 15,212 16,272 17,991 19,742 22,185 23,141 Residential MIDC Commercial 3,230 3,384 3,489 3,526 3,619 3,637

(Source : Property tax department, NMMC)

Table 2.6.5 : Number of Registered Properties in NMMC AreaCIDCO Tenements 55,149 62,413 63,556 66,490 68,658 71,749 77,192 79,485 VillageDevelopment Schemes 260 656 1,034 1,345 1,684 2,169 2,794 3,236

Year 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

CIDCO Plot 7,727 8,688 11,450 13,025 14,007 15,930 18,427 19,483

MIDC 2,578 2,958 3,039 3,195 3,300 3,341 3,435 3,452

Villages 39,627 40,141 40,568 41,595 42,292 43,664 47,032 49,931

Total 1,05,341 1,14,856 1,19,647 1,25,650 1,29,941 1,36,853 1,48,880 1,55,587


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Table 2.6.6 : Permission to Start Construction Granted During 1995-2002Node 1995-1996 CBD Nerul Vashi Turbhe Koparkhairane Airoli Digha Dahisar Total (Source : City Engineer, NMMC) 197 115 122 67 154 129 99 68 146 100 238 1996-199791 100 103 No of Permissions 19971998 120 273 281 1998-1999 48 114 162 1999200058 290 223 95 165 111 1 2 1050 162 111 20012002 112 281 384

2.7

Development Plan for NMMC Navi Mumbai is a beautiful planned city. The development plan for Navi Mumbai envisages planning and development of various nodes or township. Each nodal settlement is spread over 500 to 800 hectares of land and isfurther sub-divided into sectors. Each node has a population of about 100,000 to 300,000. The entire Navi Mumbai township is expected to have about 20 nodes with a total population of about 2 million and 700,000 jobs. The major job centersare planned at a number of locations taking into account the existing and future proximity of infrastructure, availability of port, natural gas etc. A host ofunique projects on the anvil, such as the Multiplex and Family Entertainment Complex, International Exhibition Centre, Amusement Park, Golf Course, International IT Hardware Park and the like are expected to catapult Navi Mumbai on to the world map.

The International Infotech Park (IIP) at Vashi, the Technology Centre at Belapur

, and the Millennium Business Park at Mhape and the IT


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Hardware Park at Dronagiri offer tremendous potential for business related to computer hardware and software. Offices are available in these buildings for setting up Business in information technology, electronics, telecommunication and related industry. The best of all is that a single window clearance has been provided in the IIP to take care of all government formalities. Navi Mumbai is right on its way to becoming the Silicon Valley of India. View of International Infotech Park (IIP), Vashi

Offices are available in CIDCO developed International Infotech Park (IIP) at Vashi, the Technology Centre at Belapur, the Millennium Park at Mhape and the IT Hardware Park at Dronagiri. The Maharashtra Government has offered incentives tothe Corporates taking up offices in these parks. The incentives are:

Property transactions within the Parks shall be exempted from Stamp Duty with Registration Charges subjected to a maximum of Rs.1000.

Electricity Duty has been waived. If Octroi has been levied it shall be refunded. Sales Tax @ 2% only shall be levied on Computer Hardware Products. The IT Hardware Park at Dronagiri has been awarded with all those additional incentives, wh

ich are offered to industrially backward areas.


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125073930 Navi Mumbai Area