1www.huawei.com
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Huawei Confidential
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Document Description
Document Name
Purpose
Describes DCN principles, design principles, and how to design
DCNs.
Intended Audience
Sales personnel, marketing personnel, HLD design personnel, and any
other personnel involved. Note: This document shall not be disposed
to customers or personnel outside Huawei.
Overview
This document describes DCN solutions and how to plan DCNs.
Organization
This document consists of the following parts: Brief introduction
to DCN solutions Detailed description of DCN solutions. This part
consists of the following sections: DCN concepts and DCN
specifications Multi-scenario DCN solutions DCN cases FAQs
Version Information
Wang Xiaozhong
V1.10/2010-7-15
Ren Peiqi
Wang Xiaozhong
V1.20/2010-11-15
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Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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Have You Ever Encountered the Following Problems When You
Communicate DCN Information with Customers?
How does the NMS manage the equipment and how does one perform
end-to-end DCN planning?
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Huawei Confidential
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OSS/NMS engineers design the external DCN.
External DCN
RTN department being the owner of the internal DCN
Two scenarios:
A network comprises Huawei radio equipment and third-party
equipment.
Internal DCN
DCN TCP/IP
DCN TCP/IP
DCN TCP/IP
DCN TCP/IP, OSI
GNE
NE
NE
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The inband DCN (using IP protocol) is recommended for the OptiX RTN
900 V100R001, and the HWECC protocol is recommended for other
versions.
When DCCs are unavailable, connect NEs through NM cascading ports
to achieve transmission of network management information on
extended ECCs.
DCN Planning When Huawei Radio Equipment Forms a Network
Independently
60 NEs
Huawei Confidential
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DCN Planning When Huawei Radio Equipment Forms a Network with
Third-Party Equipment
Learn about the type of the third-party equipment
and the type of Huawei radio equipment.
FE channels
submit an OR workflow to apply for
the development of a new protocol converter.
Whether do both Huawei
customer for provision of channels.
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Huawei Confidential
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Contents
Multi-Scenario DCN Solutions
Huawei Confidential
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NMS
Router
DCN stands for data communication network.
A DCN provides communication channels for managing NEs in a
centralized manner to
achieve remote management and maintenance
of NEs.
is called an external DCN.
Generally, the NMS is connected to NEs
through an external DCN that comprises
LAN switches, routers, and other data
communication devices.
internal DCN.
DCNs and outband DCNs.
Huawei Confidential
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Physical Transmission Channels and Transmission Protocols of an
Internal DCN
Service channels
Outband DCN
Inband DCN
Outband DCN
Transmission of NM information does not occupy service bandwidth
because DCC bytes in overheads serve as physical channels of a
DCN.
Inband DCN
Transmission of NM information occupies service channels (Ethernet
service channels generally). For example, a VLAN of data services
is used to transmit NM information.
Service channel: NM interface,TDM service,FE/GE and so on.
Physical transmission channels: inband DCN and outband DCN
ECC protocols: HWECC protocol, IP protocol, and OSI protocol
The HWECC solution applies to a network that comprises only Huawei
equipment or scenarios wherein Huawei equipment need not
communicate OAM information with other-vendor equipment.
The IP solution achieves support of the TCP/IP protocol on DCCs
(physical layer)/LAN and applies to scenarios wherein Huawei
equipment needs to communicate OAM information with other-vendor
equipment.
Note: Application layer protocols are private protocols and cannot
achieve communication of OAM information between equipment of
different vendors, whereas other-layer protocols are standard
protocols and can achieve communication of OAM information between
equipment of different vendors.
The OSI solution achieves support of the OSI protocol on DCCs
(physical layer) /LAN and applies to scenarios wherein Huawei
equipment needs to communicate OAM information with other-vendor
equipment.
Note: Application layer protocols are private protocols and cannot
achieve communication of OAM information between equipment of
different vendors, whereas other-layer protocols are standard
protocols and can achieve communication of OAM information between
equipment of different vendors.
HWECC protocol (private protocol)
IP protocol (standard protocol)
OSI protocol (standard protocol)
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The HWECC protocol is the private protocol stack of Huawei. It is
most widely used on Huawei transmission equipment and is the
maturest ECC communication solution. When the HWECC solution is
adopted, NEs are identified with NE IDs and routes are
automatically established. That is, application of the HWECC
solution is very simple.
The IP over DCC solution achieves support of the TCP/IP protocol on
DCCs (physical layer).
Different sets of transmission equipment transmit OAM information
on DCCs by following a protocol. Due to historic reasons, however,
the protocol stacks that vendors adopt for DCC communication are
not completely compatible (for example, the HWECC private protocol
that Huawei adopts is incompatible with the protocols that other
vendors adopt). This results in failure of communicating OAM
information on a network that comprises equipment of different
vendors. To transparently transmit DCC information on the network,
overheads or service resources need to be occupied. The IP over DCC
solution achieves support of the TCP/IP protocol with no overheads
or service resources occupied. If other-vendor equipment also
supports the IP over DCC solution, interworking between management
channels of Huawei equipment and management channels of
other-vendor equipment is achieved.
The OSI over DCC solution achieves support of the OSI protocol on
DCCs (physical layer).
Different sets of transmission equipment transmit OAM information
on DCCs by following a protocol. Due to historic reasons, however,
the protocol stacks that vendors adopt for DCC communication are
not completely compatible (for example, the HWECC private protocol
that Huawei adopts is incompatible with the protocols that other
vendors adopt). This results in failure of communicating OAM
information on a network that comprises equipment of different
vendors. To transparently transmit DCC information on the network,
overheads or service resources need to be occupied. The OSI over
DCC solution achieves support of the OSI protocol with no overheads
or service resources occupied. If other-vendor equipment also
supports the OSI over DCC solution, interworking between management
channels of Huawei equipment and management channels of
other-vendor equipment is achieved.
The OSI model consists of seven layers, namely, physical layer
(DCC), data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session
layer, presentation layer, and application layer. The OSI over DCC
protocol provided by Huawei implements the functions of the bottom
four layers, namely, physical layer (DCC), data link layer, network
layer, and transport layer. The other three layers, namely, session
layer, presentation layer, and application layer, adopt private
protocols.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
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DCN Solutions Provided for Huawei Radio
The preceding solutions are provided based on the combination of a
DCN protocol (IP protocol, OSI protocol, and HWECC protocol) and
transmission channels (DCCs, service channels and in_band
DCC).
In the case of a network comprising only Huawei equipment, the
HWECC solution is preferred. In the case of a network comprising
Huawei equipment and third-party equipment, the protocol converter
solution is preferred and prepare quotations for protocol
converters in advance.
DCN Solution
Physical Channel
Applicable Scenario
DCC/ETH (network port)
This solution is applicable to a network wherein equipment supports
the HWECC protocol and DCCs are interconnected. This solution is
preferred when a network comprises only Huawei equipment.
This solution is applicable to a network that comprises only Huawei
equipment.
IP over DCC
This solution is preferred when a network comprises the OptiX
transmission equipment and the third-party equipment that supports
the IP over DCC function.
The OptiX transmission equipment forms a network with third-party
equipment. On the network, DCCs are shared but DCC bandwidths are
limited. In addition, the number of permitted NEs is also
limited.
OSI over DCC
This solution is preferred when a network comprises the OptiX
transmission equipment and the third-party equipment that supports
the OSI over DCC function.
The OptiX transmission equipment forms a network with third-party
equipment. On the network, DCCs are shared but DCC bandwidths are
limited. In addition, the number of permitted NEs is also
limited.
Extended ECC
HWECC
Ethernet
No service channels are available between two OptiX NEs but the two
OptiX NEs can interconnect with each other through NM ports.
This solution is applicable to a network that comprises only Huawei
equipment. By default, a maximum of three NEs can be managed.
Inband DCN
Service channels
A very small part of service bandwidth is occupied. This solution
is applicable to a network that comprises only Huawei
equipment.
IP protocol
This solution is applicable to a network that comprises the OptiX
RTN 900 equipment and other equipment.
A very small part of service bandwidth is occupied, but networking
is flexible.
DCC transparent transmission
NA
DCCs
This solution is applicable to a network that comprises the OptiX
transmission network and the third-party SDH equipment that does
not support the IP over DCC function or OSI over DCC
function.
In actual situations, SDH radio is seldom used. In addition, the
equipment must support the configuration of D byte. Therefore, this
solution is seldom adopted.
DCC transparent transmission through the external clock
interface
Not involved
External Clock Interface
This solution is applicable to a network that does not support
transparent transmission of DCC bytes carrying NM messages.
huawei MW assing through third-party equipmentand transmited by
E1
Protocol converter solution
Auxiliary services or service channels
Huawei radio equipment transmits NM information to a third-party NM
port by using a protocol converter according to the type of the
third-party NM port. Thus, NM information is transparently
transmitted.
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The HWECC protocol uses DCCs or extended ECCs. In addition, an
Ethernet is used as extended channels for ECC transmission.
Therefore, when no DCC is available between two or more NEs,
connect the Ethernet NM ports or NE cascading ports of the NEs to
achieve communication through extended ECCs.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
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DCN Solutions Supported by Each Major Version of Huawei Radio
For information on whether a board supports a specific solution,
see the DCN White Paper or Feature Description.
DCN Solution
Physical Channel
Not involved
Wayside E1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
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A protocol converter performs mutual conversion between signal
protocols.
Application scenario: DCN information needs to be transmitted
between two NEs but the two NEs provide different protocol ports.
The protocol converter solution is preferred when Huawei equipment
forms a network with third-party equipment.
Protocol Converter
Mutual conversion between 1xFE+1xE1 and 1xE1
Mutual conversion between 1xFE and 1xQ703
Mutual conversion between 1xFE and multiple E1s
Note
E1_MUX_Converter with different BOM can not interconnect
RS232
FE
E1
FE
E1
FE
FE
G703
FE
E1
E1
E1
G703_ConverterG.703FEG.70364kbps
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Protocol Converter Application Scenarios
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many non-gateway NEs as possible?
How many non-gateway NEs can
a gateway NE manage?
A gateway NE can manage a maximum of 60
non-gateway NEs. If NEs is more than 60, more gateway
NE is required
the maximum number of non-gateway NEs that
a gateway NE can manage is as follows:
DCN Channel
3 to 5
5 to 10
30 to 50
500 to 1000
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B: equivalent coefficient of
Management capability of an NMS
The management capability of an NMS refers to the maximum
number of NEs that the NMS can manage when the preset
performance specifications are met.
Maximum number of NEs that can be managed = 1000 x A/B
NM Server
15
6
1
1.5
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Contents
Multi-Scenario DCN Solutions
Huawei Confidential
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Huawei Confidential
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NMS
A network may comprise many types of equipment such as OptiX RTN
605/620/910/950, OptiX OSN/PTN equipment,
and third-party equipment.
NM information about Huawei equipment passes through a third-party
network or NM information about third-party equipment
A network may involve multiple networking topologies such as
point-to-point, chain, star, ring, and supplementary
network to an optical network.
passes through a Huawei RTN network.
RTN 620
RTN 605
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What should we do in such complex DCN networking scenarios?
Third-party NMS
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Multiple topologies
Solutions to a network comprising Huawei
radio equipment and third-party radio equipment
Does an OptiX RTN network pass through a third-party network or a
third-party network pass through an OptiX RTN network?
Is the point-to-point topology, chain topology, star topology, or
ring topology adopted?
Any network is formed by point-to-point applications.
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Huawei Confidential
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BSC/RNC/aGW
NMS
OSN/PTN
OSN/PTN
Quick Reference
DCN solution:
In most scenarios, the HWECC protocol stack is preferred when a
network comprises only Huawei radio equipment.
HWECC protocol stack
Multiple topologies:
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BSC/RNC/aGW
NMS
OSN/PTN
OSN/PTN
Quick Reference
DCN solution:
Adopt the inband DCN solutionusing IP protocol for an OptiX RTN 900
network that comprises the OptiX RTN 900 V100R001.
Inband DCN
Multiple topologies:
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BSC/RNC/aGW
NMS
OSN/PTN
E1/STM-1
OSN/PTN
Quick Reference
DCN solution:
Adopt the transparent transmission solution for an OptiX RTN
600/900 network that comprises the OptiX RTN 900 V100R001.
Transparent
Multiple topologies:
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BSC/RNC/aGW
NMS
OSN/PTN
E1/STM-1
OSN/PTN
Quick Reference
DCN solution:
When no service interfaces are available between two NEs, use
extended ECCs to form an internal DCN.
Extended ECC
Network cable
Multiple types
of equipment:
Multiple topologies:
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Page *
Huawei Radio Equipment and
3
DCN Information of a Huawei RTN Network Passing Through a
Third-Party Network
DCN Information of a Third-Party Network Passing Through a Huawei
RTN Network
DCN Solutions to Typical Scenarios
*
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
HW NMC
Analysis of the DCN Solutions to the Scenario Wherein DCN
Information of a Huawei RTN Network Passes Through a Third-Party
Network
Third-party network
RTN
RTN
RTN
How to connect HW NMS to third-party equipment and how to connect
the third-party network to Huawei RTN network?
The DCN solutions are determined by the type of transmission
channels that the third-party network adopts and the DCN solutions
that the third-party network supports.
Passing through
*
This option doesn’t suit for the OptiX RTN 900 V100R001.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
HW NMC
DCN Solutions to the Scenario Wherein DCN Information of a Huawei
RTN Network Passes Through a Third-Party Network
Third-party network
The corresponding protocol converter is required.
No extra device is required but static routes need to be
configured.
1
2
3
Inband DCN or FE transparent transmission
One FE port is occupied and no extra device is required.
Passing through
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Summary of the DCN Solutions to the Scenario Wherein DCN
Information of a Huawei RTN Network Passes Through a Third-Party
Network
Passing through
Auxiliary DCN Device
E1_Converter
The service bandwidth of 2 Mbit/s (one E1) is required and
therefore third-party equipment needs to provide one E1 port.
2
E1_MUX_Converter
A minimum service bandwidth of 64 kbit/s is required and therefore
third-party equipment needs to provide one E1 port.
3
E1_C_Converter
This converter is applicable to point-to-multipoint scenarios and
requires FE pass-through.
4
5
Sharing DCN channels
None
The entire third-party network must adopt the IP over DCC protocol.
In addition, routes need to be configured manually (this work is
complicated) and data bandwidth needs to be calculated in
advance.
7
None
The entire third-party network must adopt the OSI over DCC
protocol. In addition, routes need to be configured manually (this
work is complicated) and data bandwidth needs to be calculated in
advance.
Ethernet pass-through
Router (required when NM information passes through an IP
network)
Routers are used for data transfer between network segments.
DCC transparent transmission through the external clock
interface
9
None
The E1 provided by the external clock interface carries DCN
information (the OptiX RTN 605 does not support this DCN solution)
and one E1 of third-party network is occupied.
Protocol
converter
Router
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Third-party NMC
Analysis of the DCN Solutions to the Scenario Wherein DCN
Information of a Third-Party Network Passes Through a Huawei RTN
Network
RTN
RTN
How to connect the third-party NMS to Huawei radio equipment and
how to connect Huawei RTN network to the third-party network?
Passing through
Huawei radio equipment supports multiple DCN solutions, and
therefore can transparently transmit information about third-party
network easily.
*
This option doesn’t suit for the OptiX RTN 900 V100R001.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Huawei radio
Summary of the DCN Solutions to the Scenario Wherein DCN
Information of a Third-Party Network Passes Through a Huawei RTN
Network
Passing through
Auxiliary DCN Device
E1_Converter
The service bandwidth of 2 Mbit/s (one E1) is required and
therefore Huawei radio equipment needs to provide one E1
port.
2
E1_MUX_Converter
A minimum service bandwidth of 64 kbit/s is required and therefore
Huawei radio equipment needs to provide one E1 port.
3
E1_C_Converter
This converter is applicable to point-to-multipoint scenarios and
is generally used with the preceding two protocol converters.
4
Huawei radio equipment needs to provide one G.703-compliant 64
kbit/s codirectional data port.
5
RS232_Converter
Huawei radio equipment needs to provide one RS-232 19.2 kbit/s data
port.
Sharing DCN channels
None
Huawei equipment and third-party equipment need to support the IP
protocol and interconnect with each other through management ports.
In addition, routes need to be configured manually.
7
None
Huawei equipment and third-party equipment need to support the OSI
protocol and interconnect with each other through management ports.
In addition, routes need to be configured manually.
Ethernet pass-through
Router (optional)
Huawei equipment needs to provide one FE port. In addition, radio
service channels of Huawei equipment are occupied and the channel
bandwidth is determined by the DCN information of third-party
equipment.
Third-party network
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
E1/64K/RS232 etc
The protocol converter performs protocol conversion and
point-to-point transmission.
In this scenario, protocol converters are used in pairs. That is,
the number of protocol converters that are used in the NM center is
equal to the number of protocol converters that are used at the
remote pass-through point.
Advantages and disadvantages of the solution:
The advantage of this solution is simplicity. The disadvantage is
that, in the case of multiple pass-through points, the number of
protocol converters in the NM center is large and many transmission
channels are occupied. Therefore, this solution is applicable to
the scenario wherein only a few pass-through points exist.
NMS
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
When multiple pass-through points exist, adopt the C-Converter that
supports multiple inputs to reduce the number of converters in the
NM center.
Advantages and disadvantages of the solution:
One E1_C_Converter is used with multiple E1_Converters. Multiple E1
channels, however, are occupied. Therefore, this solution is
applicable to a network wherein E1 channels are sufficient.
ETH
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
In practice, as E1 bandwidths are valuable, multiple protocol
converters may share one E1; that is, each converter occupies one
or several 64 kbit/s timeslots of the E1. As a result, the
converters are cascaded.
Advantages and disadvantages of the solution:
DCN communication on the entire chain is implemented over one E1,
and the E1_MUX_Converters consume fewer E1 bandwidths. This
solution is applicable to a complex network.
Note: Currently, only the E1 protocol converter supports the
cascading.
ETH NM signal
E1 network
E1 network
E1 network
LAN switch
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
In actual operations, multiple E1 channels may be converged into
one E1 channel. Specifically, the 64 kbit/s timeslots in use in the
E1 channels are converged into one E1 channel. Similar to the NM
center, the convergence point converges multiple directions into
one direction. In this case, an E1_C_Converter is required.
ETH NMS signal
E1 network
E1 network
LAN switch
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
An IP network is available between an OptiX RTN NE and the NM
center. In this case, no protocol conversion is required. In
addition, the live IP network and the OptiX RTN NE are located in
different network segments in most cases. Therefore, it is
recommended that you configure one router at each pass-through
point and in the NM center for data transfer between the network
segments.
IP network
IP network
LAN switch
*
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Contents
Multi-Scenario DCN Solutions
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
See the following figure. There are eight pass-through points and
one E1 convergence point. The pass-through points form a tree
topology and each pass-through point needs to transmit NM
information to the NM center. The chains on which NM information
is
transmitted share one E1. On the chains, each interconnected point
occupies one to several 64 kbit/s timeslots in the E1.
ETH
E1
E1
E1_MUX_Converter
E1_C-Converter
DCN solution:
Configure one converter for each pass-through point, one
C-Converter for the E1 convergence point, and one C-Converter and
one LAN
switch for the NM center.
NMS
E1
E1
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
Description of the scenario:
In the case of a large-scale network comprising only Huawei radio
equipment, divide the network into subnets and set a gateway
NE for each subnet. Group a maximum of 60 adjacent NEs into one
subnet. See the following figure. The network is divided into
five subnets.
Note: If the HWECC protocol is adopted, one gateway NE can support
a maximum of 100 non-gateway NEs.
DCN solution:
Configure one LAN switch and one E1_C-Converter for the NM center,
and one E1_Converter for each subnet.
ETH
E1
*
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Multi-Scenario DCN Solutions
Huawei Confidential
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Page *
FAQs
A: Visit The description of Protocol Converter on website
3ms.
Q:Why hybrid network with a third party recommended protocol
converter?
A: If possible, you can also use the Ethernet transparent
transmission DCN information.but in the existing TDM microwave
network, Ethernet ports are scarce, generally no Ethernet
interface, in most cases need to use protocol converters for
conversion information transmit DCN. If you are using the Ethernet
network to allow transmission through the DCN information, will be
a very good program.
Q: Where are documents about DCN solutions available, except for
this slide?
A: Download documents about DCN solutions from website 3MS.
Document Name
OptiX RTN 600 NMS Transparent Transmission Solutions via Third
Party
3MS
3MS
OptiX RTN DCN documentation – Hardware Interfaces and Solutions
V1.0 (20090814)
3MS
3ms
OptiX RTN Pre-Sales and After-Sales DCN Pass-Through Planning Guide
V1.02
3ms
Qx, MML, Web LCT