132 K.V Sub-Station Nakodar,Jalandhar

8/12/2019 132 K.V Sub-Station Nakodar,Jalandhar

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A REPORT ON VOCATIONAL

TRAININGU N D E R T A K E N AT

PSTCL,

132 KV SUB-STATION NAKODHAR,

JALANDHAR.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Sri. Soh! L" #S.S.C, 132 $V %&'%((io! N$o)r*

S&'+i(() B

Jatinder SinghB-Tech, Roll no. 12410843rdyear, Electrical Engineering,CTIET, Shah!"r.

Preface to the Project Report-


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I ha#e e$!erienced %ocational Training in &a'odarS"()tation 1* J+&E 2014 to 1 J+ 2014.

I a/ #ery than'"l to all the oicer) ho ga#e /e ar/rece!tion their !recio") ti/e or /e. e ha#e an electricla( o"r collage here e ha#e (een trained in ed"cational

en#iron/ent. oe#er, (y dirt o thi) training, I ha#e learnt/any /ore thing) in ind")trial en#iron/ent, hich ill (ehel!"l or /y "t"re. By that !ractical 'noledge their

a!!lication, I a/ getting hel!"l to reali5e the theoretical'noledge. Thereore, I a/ #ery than'"l to

all oicer) o gridor alloing /e to !eror/ thi) )ort o

%ocational Trainingin their )"()tation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I a/ #ery /"ch than'"l to the de!art/ent o


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6STC athority or !ro#iding /e the o!!ort"nity o%ocational Training at their )"()tation. I a/ e)!ecially

than'"l to

Sri. Ra7 "/ar, 9))t. Engineer)"()tation or hi) 'ind attention. I a/ al)o than'"l to theother oicer) or )haring their #al"a(le e$!erience) at the

yard (y /a'ing /e ac:"ainted ith the !ractical!heno/enon. I al)o got the o!!ort"nity to "nder)tand theload lo gra!h, the )tat") o i/!ort e$!ort o in 6STC the o#erall #ie o ;rid Sy)te/ a!art ro/ the )tr"ct"re) o)"()tation and the detailed o it) #ario") )"()tation). So, I

eel than'"l to all o the/ to ho /ade thi) !o))i(le.I a/ e)!ecially than'"l to r. Ra#i "/ar, r.


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>"tgoing eeder %oltage= ** '% 11 '%

&a'odar )"()tation recei#e) !oer ro/ 132 ' # ro/ Jalandhar?length 3 @ 132 ' # ro/ &"r/ahal ?length 10.8@ )"(-

)tation.A! S"#$tat%o& ha$ '(th '' )* O"t+o%&+ fee,er$Th r o! Tr!%/or+r-0-

1. Aa'nni ;ate2. eer!"r3. Coart4. 9lahtal. .Bhandar

*. ;ohir. SidhanThi% F)r o! (h Tr!%/or+r-1-

8. alri. S!are10.Rangra11. 6andori12. o)!ital

13. Aana/andi14. Sanghe al)ha1. ;andra

B. $. o&(oi! S&44" To S&'-%((io!-T-3 9nd T-2 S"!!ly go toD-1. e)ha/ !"r2. ehat!"r?.@Def%&%t%o& of $"#-$tat%o&-

The a))e/(ly o a!!arat") ")ed to change )o/e characteri)tic) ?e.g.%oltage a.c to dc re:. !.. etc@ o electric )"!!ly i) called )"(-)tation.F

I&tro,"ct%o&-The !re)ent day electrical !oer )y)te/ i) a.c. i.e. electric !oer i)generated, tran)/itted, and di)tri("ted in the or/ o 9lternating c"rrent.The electric !oer i) !rod"ce at the !oer )tation, hich are located at


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a#ora(le !lace), generally :"ite aay ro/ the con)"/er). It i) deli#ered tothe con)"/er thro"gh a large netor' o tran)/i))ion and di)tri("tion. 9t/any !lace in the line o !oer )y)te/, it /ay (e de)ira(le and nece))ary tochange )o/e characteri)tic ?e.g. %oltage, ac to dc, re:"ency !.. etc.@o electric )"!!ly. Thi) i) acco/!li)hed (y )"ita(le a!!arat") called )"(-)tation or e$a/!le, generation #oltage ?11% or *.*%@ at the !oer)tation i) )te!!ed "! to high #oltage ?Say 220% to 132%@ ortran)/i))ion o electric 6oer. Si/ilarly, near the con)"/erG) localitie), the#oltage /ay ha#e to (e )te!!ed don to "tili5ation le#el. S"ita(le a!!arat")called )"(-)tation again acco/!li)he) thi) 7o(

A#o"t the $"#$tat%o&The )"()tation in 132 '.# S"()tation &a'odar, Jalandhar, 6"n7a( i) one othe i/!ortant !oer grid) in the Jalandhar area . Ca")e it )"!!lie) the

Ind")trial area locality. The /o)t i/!ortant o any )"()tation i) thegro"nding ?Earthing Sy)te/@ o the in)tr"/ent), tran)or/er) etc. ")ed inthe )"()tation or the )aety o the o!eration !er)onnel a) ell a) or !ro!er)y)te/ o!eration and !eror/ance o the !rotecti#e de#ice).9n earthen )y)te/ co/!ri)ing o an earthing /at ("ried at a )"ita(le de!th

(elo gro"nd and )"!!le/ented ith gro"nd rod) at )"ita(le !oint) i)!ro#ided in the )"()tation). The)e gro"nd the e$tra high #oltage to thegro"nd. 9) it i) dangero") to ") to go near the in)tr"/ent itho"t !ro!erearth. I the in)tr"/ent) are not gro"nd !ro!erly, they /ay gi#e a h"ge )hoc'

to anyone ho o"ld )tay near it and al)o it i) dangero") or the co)tlyIn)tr"/ent a) they /ay (e da/aged (y thi) high #oltage

Si( S"5(io! 6 Lo&( 132 KV S&'%((io!-132%S"(-Station or/) an i/!ortant lin' (eteen Tran)/i))ion netor'and Ai)tri("tion netor'. It ha) a #ital Inl"ence o relia(ility o )er#ice.

9!art ro/ en)"ring eicient tran)/i))ion and Ai)tri("tion o !oer, the)"(-)tation conig"ration )ho"ld (e )"ch that it ena(le) ea)y /aintenance oe:"i!/ent and /ini/"/interr"!tion) in !oer S"!!ly. S"(-Station i) con)tr"cted a) near a) !o))i(leto the load center. The #oltage le#el o !oer tran)/i))ion i) decided on the:"ant"/ o !oer to (e tran)/itted to the load center. Tran)/i))ion i)decided on the :"ant"/ o !oer to (e tran)/itted to the load center.


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S"5(io! o/ %i(-ain !oint) to (e con)idered hile )electing the )ite or ;rid S"(-Station area) ollo)=

i@ The )ite cho)en )ho"ld (e a) near to the load center a) !o))i(le.

ii@ It )ho"ld (e ea)ily a!!roacha(le (y road or rail or tran)!ortationo e:"i!/ent).

iii@ and )ho"ld (e airly le#eled to /ini/i5e de#elo!/ent co)t.

i#@ So"rce o ater )ho"ld (e a) near to the )ite a) !o))i(le. Thi) i) (eca")eater i) re:"ired or #ario") con)tr"ction acti#itie) ?e)!ecially ci#il or')@,earthing and or drin'ing !"r!o)e) etc.

#@ The )"(-)tation )ite )ho"ld (e a) near to the ton H city ("t )ho"ld (eclear o !"(lic !lace), aerodro/e), and ilitary H !olice in)tallation).

#i@ The land )ho"ld ha#e )"icient gro"nd area to acco//odate )"()tatione:"i!/ent), ("ilding), )ta :"arter), )!ace or )torage o /aterial, )"ch a))tore yard) and )tore )hed) etc. ith road) and )!ace or "t"re e$!an)ion.

#ii@ Set (ac' di)tance) ro/ #ario") road) )"ch a) &ational ighay), Stateighay) )ho"ld (e o()er#ed a) !er the reg"lation) in orce.

#iii@ hile )electing the land or the S"()tation !reerence to (e gi#en to the;o#t. land o#er !ri#ate land.

i$@ The land )ho"ld not ha#e ater logging !ro(le/.

E."%p/e&t$ %& a '01K* S"#-Stat%o& -The e:"i!/ent re:"ired or a tran)or/er S"(-Station de!end) "!on the ty!eo S"(-Station, Ser#ice re:"ire/ent and the degree o !rotection de)ired.132% E% S"(-Station ha) the olloing /a7or e:"i!/ent)=-

1* B&%-'r -hen a no. o line) o!erating at the )a/e #oltage ha#e to (edirectly connected electrically, (")-(ar are ")ed, it i) /ade "! o co!!er oral"/in"/ (ar) ?generally o rectang"lar -Section@ and o!erate at con)tant


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#oltage. The (") i) a line in hich the inco/ing eeder) co/e into and getinto the in)tr"/ent) or "rther )te! "! or )te! don. The ir)t (") i) ")ed or

!"tting the inco/ing eeder) in 9 )ingle line. There /ay (e do"(le line inthe (") )o that i any a"lt occ"r) in the one, the other can )till ha#e thec"rrent and the )"!!ly ill not )to!. The to line) in the (") are )e!arated

(y a little di)tance (y a Cond"ctor ha#ing a connector (eteen the/. Thi) i))o that one can or' at a ti/e and the other or') only i the ir)t i) ha#ingany a"lt.2* I!%&"(or%=- the in)"lator )er#e) to !"r!o)e. They )"!!ort the cond"ctor

?or (") (ar@ and conine the c"rrent to the cond"ctor. The /o)t co//only")ed /aterial or the /an"act"re) o in)"lator) i) !orcelain.

Fi&r 1

There are )e#eral ty!e o in)"lator ?i.e. !ine ty!e, )")!en)ion ty!e etc.@ and

their ")e in S"(-Station ill de!end "!on the )er#ice re:"ire/ent. 6o)tin)"lator) are ")ed or the (") (ar). 9 !o)t in)"lator con)i)t) o a !orcelain(ody, ca)t iron ca!, langed ca)t iron (a)e. The hole ca! i) threaded )othat (") (ar) can (e directly (olted to the ca!. hen the line i) )"(7ected to agreater ten)ion, )train in)"lator) are ")ed. hen ten)ion in line i)e$ceedingly high, to or /ore )tring) are ")ed in !arallel.

3*I%o"(i! S7i(5h%-In S"(-Station, it i) oten de)ired to di)connect a !arto the )y)te/ or general /aintenance and re!air). Thi) i) acco/!li)hed (yan i)olating )itch or i)olator. 9n i)olator i) e))entially a 'nie Sitch and i)

de)ign to oten o!en a circ"it "nder no load, in other ord), i)olatorSitche) are o!erate only hen the line i) hich they are connected carry noload.


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/ay e#en ca")e a atal accident to the o!erator, !artic"larly in the high#oltage circ"it. The o!erating !rinci!le i) /an"al !l") one o the olloing=-1. Electrical otor echani)/2. 6ne"/atic echani)/ I)olator) cannot (e o!ened "nle)) the Circ"itBrea'er) are o!ened. Circ"it Brea'er) cannot (e clo)ed "ntil i)olator) areclo)ed.

0* Cir5&i( 'r$r -9 circ"it (rea'er i) an e:"i!/ent, hich can o!en orclo)e a circ"it "nder nor/al a) ell a) a"lt condition. The)e circ"it (rea'er

(rea') or a a"lt hich can da/age other in)tr"/ent in the )tation. It i) )ode)igned that it can (e o!erated /an"ally ?or (y re/ote control@ "ndernor/al condition) and a"to/atically "nder a"lt condition. 9 circ"it (rea'ercon)i)t) o i$ed /o#ing contact), hich are to"ching each other "ndernor/al condition i.e. hen (rea'er i) clo)ed. hene#er a a"lt occ"r) tri!

coil get) energi5ed, the /o#ing contact) are !"lled (y )o/e /echani)/ thereore the circ"it i) o!ened or circ"it (rea'). hen circ"it (rea') an arc i))tac' (eteen contact), the !rod"ction o arc not only interr"!t) the c"rrent

("t generate) enor/o") a/o"nt o heat hich /ay ca")e da/age to the)y)te/ or the (rea'er it)el. Thereore the /ain !ro(le/ in a circ"it (rea'eri) to e$ting"i)h the arc ithin the )horte)t !o))i(le ti/e )o that the heatgenerated (y it /ay not reach a dangero") #al"e. The /edi"/ ")ed or arce$tinction i) ")"ally>il, 9ir, S"l"r e$al"oride ?S


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they (eco/e "nd"ly large in )i5e need h"ge o tran)or/er oil. Inaddition, )"ch (rea'er) are not )"ita(le or high-)!eed interr"!tionD

thereore, the)e cannot (e ")ed in a"to-clo)ing.ii. S"/ G!r() Pr%%&r Oi" Cir5&i( Br$r%-are o three ty!e) #i5.6lain e$!lo)ion !ot ha#ing li/ited (rea'ing ca!acity, cro)) 7et e$!lo)ion

!ot )"ita(le or interr"!ting hea#y c"rrent t high #oltage ?**'%@ )el co/!en)ated e$!lo)ion !ot )"ita(le or o!eration (oth at hea#y c"rrent)a) ell a) lo c"rrent). 6lain e$!lo)ion !ot cannot (e ")ed either or #erylo c"rrent) (eca")e o increa)ed arcing ti/e or or #ery hea#y c"rrent)

(eca")e o ri)' o ("r)ting o !ot d"e to high !re))"re.

iii. I+4&"% T4 Oi" 5ir5&i( Br$r%-ha#e the /ain ad#antage, o#erother con#entional de)ign, o red"ced re:"ire/ent o oil ?ro"ghly one-o"[email protected] !o))i(ility o c"rrent cho!!ing can al)o (e a#oided (y ")ingre)i)tance) itching.'. Lo7 oi" or 9i!i+&+ Oi" Cir5&i( Br$r% are al)o called the li#e tan'circ"it (rea'er) (eca")e the oil tan' i) in)"lated ro/ the gro"nd. S"chcirc"it (rea'er) are no a#aila(le or all ty!e o #oltage)?3.*,.2,12,3*,2.,14,24 420 '%@ or the highe)t (rea'ing

ca!acitie). The >CB ith rated #oltage o 12 '% ha) a )ingle interr"!ter!er !ha)e itho"t e$tra )"!!ort in)"lator.

B. Lo7 Vo"( Air Cir5&i( Br$r%-The)e (rea'er) are de)igned or ")eon d.c circ"it) lo #oltage a.c circ"it) or the !rotection o generallighting /otor circ"it). The)e (rea'er) are ")"ally !ro#ided ith an o#erc"rrent tri!!ing /echani)/ hich /ay (e o in)tantaneo") or ti/e delay


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ty!e or co/(ination o (oth. Tri! de#ice) /ay (e )et o#er a range ro/a(o"t 80 to 1*0 !ercent o rating. The (rea'er) /ay al)o (e !ro#ided itho#er tri!!ing range) arrange/ent) )"ch a) lo #oltage tri!, )h"nt tri!connected to e#er #oltage, re#er)e c"rrent or o#er c"rrent relay). S"ch

(rea'er) are o rating o to incl"ding *,000 9 a.c 12,000 9 d.c, #oltagerating) are 20 to *00 % a.c 20 to 0 % d.c. S!ecial (rea'er) a#aila(le"! to 3,000 % or d.c )er#ice).

C. Air B"%( Cir5&i( Br$r%=-The air (la)t circ"it (rea'er) e/!loy)co/!re))ed air ?at a !re))"re o 20 '.gHc./2 @ or arc e$tinction areinding their (e)t a!!lication in )y)te/) o!erating 132 '% a(o#e ?"! to400'%@ith (rea'ing ca!acity "! to ,00 %9 ?d"ring )hort circ"it a"lt@a(o#e, altho"gh )"ch (rea'er) ha#e al)o (een de)igned to co#er the #oltagerange o *,*00 %olt) to 132,000 %olt). The)e (rea'er) ha#e the ad#antage) o

le)) ("rning o contact) (eca")e o le)) arc energy, little /aintenance ,acility o high )!eed reclo)"re, no ri)' o e$!lo)ion ire ha5ard )"ita(ility or d"tie) re:"iring re:"ent o!eration). The dra(ac') o )"ch

(rea'er) are additional need o co/!re))or !lant or )"!!lying co/!re))edair, c"rrent cho!!ing, )en)iti#ity re)tri'ing #oltage air lea'age at the !i!eline itting).

D. V5&&+ Cir5&i( Br$r%-The idea (ehind the #ac""/ circ"it (rea'er)i) to eli/inate the /edi"/ (eteen the contact)-#ac""/. The dielectric)trength o #ac""/ i) 1000 ti/e) /ore than that o any /edi"/. In

con)tr"ction it i) #ery )i/!le circ"it (rea'er in co/!ari)on to an air or oilcirc"it (rea'er). The)e (rea'er) are ")ed or reactor )itching, tran)or/er)itching, ca!acitor (an' )itching here the #oltage) are high thec"rrent to (e interr"!ted i) lo.

E. S&"4h&r H8-/"&ori) Cir5&i( Br$r%S


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!erating Ti/eL130 / SecThi) (rea'er i) ")ed in 132 '%, S


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Ty!eK;312Brea'er Serial &oK 102483Rated %oltageK14 '%Rated


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Rated Clo)ing Ti/eL130 / SecRated >!erating Ti/eL130 / SecC")to/er=-6SEBa'erK9RE%9Thi) (rea'er i) ")ed in 132 '%, S


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Secondly, ra!id di)connection o a"lty a!!arat") li/it) the a/o"nt oda/age to it a !re#ent) the eect) ro/ )!eeding into the )y)te/. 9

!rotecti#e relay i) a de#ice that detect) the a"lt initiate) the o!eration ocirc"it (rea'er to i)olate the deecti#e ele/ent ro/ the re)t o the )y)te/.o)t o the relay) o!erate on the !rinci!le o electro/agnetic attraction orelectro/agnetic ind"ction. The olloing i/!ortant ty!e) o relay) aregenerally ")ed in electrical di)tri("tion tran)/i))ion line=-

1.I!)&5(io! T4 Or C&rr!( R"

2.I!)&5(io! T4 Or Vo"( R"

3.Di%(!5 R"

0.Di//r!(i" R"


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i) (elo the !redeter/ined #al"e. Thereore, the !"ll o the c"rrent ele/entill e$ceed that d"e to #oltage ele/ent thi) ca")e) the (ea/ to tilt indirection to clo)e the tri! circ"it.0.Di//r!(i" R"- It co/!en)ate) the !ha)e dierence (eteen the

!oer tran)or/erG) !ri/ary )econdary. The C.T.) on the to )ide) areconnected (y !ilot ire) at (oth end) are )a/e no c"rrent lo) thro"ghthe relay). I a gro"nd or !ha)e-to-!ha)e a"lt occ"r), the c"rrent) in theC.T.) no longer ill (e the )a/e the dierential c"rrent loing thro"ghthe relay circ"it ill clear the (rea'er on (oth )ide) o tran)or/er). The

!rotected 5one i) li/ited to the C.T.) on the lo #oltage )ide C.T.) on thehigh #oltage )ide o the tran)or/er.Thi) )che/e al)o !ro#ide) !rotection or )hort circ"it) (eteen t"rn) o the)a/e !ha)e inding. A"ring a )hort circ"it, the t"rn ratio o !oer

tran)or/er i) altered ca")e "n(alance in the )y)te/ hich ca")e the relayto o!erate. oe#er, )"ch )ort) are (etter ta'en care (y B"chhol5 relay.


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ith the line. The )econdary con)i)t o thic' ire connected in )erie) ithline ha#ing large n"/(er o t"rn o ine ire and !ro#ide) or /ea)"ringin)tr"/ent, and relay a c"rrent, hich i) a con)tant action o the c"rrent inthe line. C"rrent tran)or/er) are (a)ically ")ed to ta'e the reading) o thec"rrent) entering the )"()tation. Thi) tran)or/er )te!) don the c"rrentro/ 800 a/!)to1a/!. Thi) i) done (eca")e e ha#e no in)tr"/ent or/ea)"ring o )"ch a large c"rrent. The /ain ")e o hi) tran)or/er i)?a@ di)tance !rotectionD (@ (ac'"! !rotection Dc@/ea)"re/ent. In &a'odarS"()tation [email protected] ratio )et at *00H1 9 or 200H1 9 or 132 '% (ay), (@C.Tratio )et at a 800H1 9, 40H1 9, 200H 9 or 10H 9 or 33 '% (ay), [email protected] ratio)et at200H 9 or 11 '% eeder !rotection.S45i/i5(io! o/ 132 $V C.T.-

Ty!eK >HA %oltageK132 '%Core

Ratio %9 Cla)) IS


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!ro#ide) or /ea)"ring in)tr"/ent), and relay a #oltage that i) 'nonraction o the line #oltage. In &a'odar S"()tation?a@ Three 1-6ha)e "nit o 132H110 '% 6.T. i) ")ed or 33'% (ay),?(@ Three 1-6ha)e "nit o **H110 '% 6.T. i) ")ed or 33 '% (ay),?c@ Three )ingle !ha)e "nit o 11H110 '% 6.T. i) ")ed or 11 '% eeder).

S45i/i5(io! o/ 132 $V P.T.-

ine #oltageK132 '%%9H6ha)eK06ha)eK1Cla))KB


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oc, >ilK4ocTotal eightK8 'g>il Q"antityK2 iter)a'erKight E:"i!/ent) gCo. ol'ata@ etering and Indicating In)tr"/ent =-There are )e#eral /etering andindicating In)tr"/ent ?e.g. 9//eter),%olt/eter), energy /eter etc.@ in)talledin a S"()tation to /aintain hicho#er the circ"it :"antitie). The in)tr"/enttran)or/er are in#aria(ly ")edith the/ or )ati)actory o!eration.8@ i)cellaneo") e:"i!/ent =-In addition to a(o#e, there /ay (e olloinge:"i!/ent in a S"()tation =i@


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coil?electro/agnetic ind"[email protected] the c"rrent in the!ri/ary coilchange)the /agnetic l"$ that i)de#elo!ed. The changing/agnetic l"$ind"ce) a #oltagein the )econdary coil. The tocirc"it) are electricallyi)olated("t /agnetically lin'ed thro"gh alo rel"ctance !ath. I one coili)connected to a.c )"!!ly, an a.c i))et"! in (oth o the)e circ"it). Thi)hel!)to tran)er the #oltage ro/ one )ide to another. e ha#e o()er#ed i#eatSA along ith to )tation tran)or/er). >"t o the)e i#e, to are132H33'% in y-d /ode other) are 33H11 '% in d- /ode.9cce))orie) o tran)or/er)=Core inding=It /ay (e o #ario") )ha!e i.e. core, )hell. It i) /ade o cold-rolled-grain-oriented Silicon-)teel o #arni)h in)"lation on the la/ination. Thecore i)la/inated to red"ce the core lo)). The la/ination) are /ade in )te!) try togi#e circ"lar cro)) )ection. Bolt) n"t) )ec"re the la/ination. The corei)

!laced at the (otto/ o the tan'. The tan') are con)tr"cted ro/ )heet )teel


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21or )/all tan' (oiler )heet or large tan'. There are ther/o/eter

!oc'et),radiator t"(e) or increa)ing cooling )"race). 9 3-!ha)e tran)or/erha) )i$)e!arate inding), three !ri/ary three )econdary o"nd ironcore).Ena/eled co!!er ith in)"lation i) ")ed or inding. In)"lated !a!er)are")ed or interlayer in)"lation. 6a!er in the or/ o ta!e /ay (e "tili5edorta!!ing inding lead) and other !art). 6re))(oard) are ")ed orin)"lation(eteen inding) core. 6re))(oard) are al)o ")ed to )e!arate% inding)ro/ % inding) in!"t) nearer the core.Tran)or/er >il=The tan' i) illed ith tran)or/er oilD )ealed. It i) a/ineral oil o(tained

(y reining cr"de !etrole"/. It )er#e) the olloing!"r!o)e)=-I.6ro#ide) additional in)"lationII.


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Carrie) aay the heat generated in the core oil);ood tran)or/er oil)ho"ld ha#e=-igh dielectric )trength.o #i)co)ity to !ro#ide good heat tran)or/ation.igh la)hHire !oint

Documents

132 K.V Sub-Station Nakodar,Jalandhar