14 Rodriguez Ubinas Upm

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Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09

Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio

TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPEDIN THE FIELD OF THE SDEUROPE COMPETITION

LISBON, PORTUGAL

Thermal storage system in solar housesReview of the American Solar Decathlon 2002 - 2009

NOVEMBER 9, 2010

Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio Technical University of Madrid
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt_-_Solar_Decathlon_2007.jpg


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CONTENTS

Introduction

Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems

Latent Heat Storage and Phase Change Materials

Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems

Conclusions

Solar energy has an enormous potential for the heating and cooling of bui ldings.

However, solar energy is intermit tent, unpredictable, and available only during the day.

Hence, its application requires efficient thermal energy storage so that the surplus heat

collected during sunshine hours may be stored for later use during the night.


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Sensible Heat Thermal Storage SystemsCONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

SD2009 Virginia Tech

Concrete Slab

WATER IN THE FLOOR WATER IN OPAQUE WALL

SD Team Description Location

2002 Univers ity of Virginia Concrete slab Floor

2002 University of Maryland Poured concrete slab Floor

2002 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor

2002 University of MissouriRolla Concrete slab Floor 2002 University of North Carolina Concrete slab Floor

2005 Cornell University Concrete pavers Floor

2005 Univers ity of Maryland Concrete slab Floor

2005 Pittsburgh Synergy(1) Concrete slab Floor

2007 Univers ity of Maryland Dense fiberboard floor Floor

2009 Iowa State Univers ity Ceramic tiles + cement

boards

Floor

2009 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor

SD2007 Penn State

Water on glass bottles

Milk Glass Bottles

SD2009 Penn State

Water on plastic b ags under the floor

Plastic Bags

Radian System


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Sensible Heat Thermal Storage SystemsTRANSLUCENT WATER FILLED SYSTEMS

SD2002 Auburn University

Cylinders

SD2007 MIT

Translucent Insulated glass blocks

SD2009 Ohio State Universi ty

Polycarbonate trombe wall

SD2009 Uni versit y of Arizona

Recycle plastic containers


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Latent Heat Thermal Storage and PCMPCM and Interior Thermal Conditions Improvements

Reduction of peak temperature

Minimizing

the

temperatureswings

Increase of hours in the comfort zone

PCM is a substance with a high heat of fusion which is capable ofstor ing and releasing large amounts of energy at an almost constant

temperature.


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Latent Heat Thermal Storage SystemsPCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS

SD2005 Canadian Solar Decathlon

Bricks soaked in PCM i n a 7.5 cm raised floor

(Air recirculation)

SD2009 Ontario / BC

Dorken Delta Cool 21 below the floor fi nishing

Bricks soaked in PCM

Floor Grates Intake Ducts Bricks


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Latent Heat Thermal Storage SystemsPCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS

SD2005 Rhode Island School of Design

Plastic containers fill ed with PCM

(Water recirculation in a copp er pipes radiant system)

SD2005 Technical University of Madrid

Plastic containers and raised flooring til es filled with

PCM (Air recirculation)

SD2007 Technical University of Madrid

Thermal Batteries: metal tubes fi lled wit h PCM

(Water and air recirculation) System was not Installed


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Latent Heat Thermal Storage SystemsPCM: WALL SYSTEMS

SD2009 Penn State (Walls and ceiling)

BIOPCM 23o C ThermaMats

Phase Change Energy Solution s

SD2007 Kansas Project Solar House

Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with PCM-filled pipes

Patent developed in the University of Kansas

SD2005 Massachusetts Dartmuonth

Between the studs PCM thermal storage panels

24 Enerphase . Dow Chemical Co.

Calsium Chloride Hexahydrate TESC-81


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Latent Heat Thermal Storage SystemsPCM: CEILING SYSTEMS

SD2009 Spain Team (Passive System)

Dupont Energain 24 C thermal mass panel

aluminum-laminated / copolymer and a paraffin core

SD2009 Team Germany

Dorken Delta Cool 28

Thermal storage with air recirculation

SD2007 Technische Universitat Darmstadt

Knauf PCM SmartBoard (BASF Micronal)

with radian system
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt_-_Solar_Decathlon_2007.jpg


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Thermal Storage SystemsSTADISTICS AND EVOLUTION

SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009

SENCIBLE HEAT 6 4 3 5

LATENT HEAT 0 4 3 4

012

34567

QUANTTITY

Houses with thermal storage systems

SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009

OPAQUE 5 4 2 3

TRANSLUCENT 1 0 1 2

0

1

2

3

4

56

QUANTTITY

Sensible: Opaque vs Translucent

SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009

PASSIVE 0 1 1 3

ACTIVE 0 3 2 1

00,5

1

1,52

2,53

3,5

QUANTTITY

Latent: Passive vs Active

SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009

FLOOR 0 3 1 1

WALL 0 1 1 1

CEILING 0 0 1 2

0

0,51

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

QU

ANTTITY

Latent Heat Storage: Location


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Thanks for your attention

CONCLUSIONS

Thermal Storage

The concrete slab was thermal mass system most used in 2002 In each new edition houses have increased the use of latent heat systems

Half of the teams in 2009 used thermal storage in their houses

Sensible Heat Storage Concrete (opaque) and water (translucent) are the materials mostly used

Only one team used concrete in the last American Solar Decathlon Floor is the preferred location for sensible heat storage

More translucent solutions in the last two competitions

Latent Heat Storage Materials soaked in PCM used only in 2005

Passive and Actives systems are used in all the competitions Use of ceiling solutions appeared in the last two editions

Translucent solutions with PCM have not been presented until now
http://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2010/06/glassx-lead01.jpg

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14 Rodriguez Ubinas Upm