18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 1

Marathi Verb Morphologyand

POS Tagger

Veena Dixit

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 2

Marathi Verb Morphology

• Marathi verbs inflect for gender, number and person of the subject and the direct object in a sentence.

• They also inflect for tense and aspect of the action as well as mood of the speaker in an illocutionary act.

• Postpositions can be attached to verb stems also. (करणे� – karane – do & क� ल्या�नंतर – kelyaanantara – after done)

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 3

Marathi Verb Morphology• Inflectional Verb Morphology covers

inflection of verb root for gender, number, person, tense, aspect and mood. (बसणे� – basaNe –

sit & बसत� – basato)• Derivational Verb Morphology covers

derivation of words of other parts of speech obtained either by an attachment of suffixes or postpositions to a verb stem.

(करणे� – karaNe – do, करत� करत� – karataa karataa – while doing

(adverb) कत�� – kartaa – doer (adjective / noun))

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 4

Inflectional Morphology of Marathi Verbs

Base: Aakhyaata Theory

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 5

Definitions• Aakhyaata (आख्या�त) refers to tense (क�ळ),

aspect, and mood (अर्थ�). • Aakhyaata is realized through aakhyaata

pratyaya. • Aakhyaata pratyaya (आख्या�त प्रत्याया) is the

closing suffix, which is attached to the verb root. (e.g., बसला� (sat) )

• The phonemic shape of the Aakhyaata pratyaya is the basis of naming the Aakhyaatas.

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 6

Classification of

Akhyaata Pratyayas

• On the basis of phonemic shape

• On the basis of Possibility of inflection for gender

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 7

Classification of Aakhyaata Pratyayas

• On the basis of phonemic shape – Prathama taakhyaata प्रथमता�ख्या�ता– Dwitiya taakhyaata द्विद्वितायाता�ख्या�ता– Laakhyaata ला�ख्या�ता– Vaakhyaata वा�ख्या�ता– ‘I:’ aakhyaata ईख्या�ता– ‘U:’ aakhyaata ऊख्या�ता– ‘I:laa’khyaata ईला�ख्या�ता– Chaakhyaata/Aayachaakhyaata चा�ख्या�ता

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 8

Classification of Aakhyaata Pratyayas (continued)

• On the basis of Possibility of inflection for gender

–Salinga aakhyaata agrees with gender.

–Alinga aakhyaata does not agree with gender

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 9

Prathama taakhyaata

subject Masculine Feminine Neuter

person Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

First ता� ता� ता� ता�

Second ता�स ता� ता�स ता�

Third ता� ता�ता ता� ता�ता ता� ता�ता

18 / 10 /2005 Veena Dixit 10

Aakhyaataartha of Prathama Taakhyaata

• Present Tense: वत�मा�नं क�ळ• Constant Truth: स्थि�रसत्या (frequentive)• Historical Truth: ऐतितहा�सिसक सत्या• Citation / Quotation: अवतरणे: • Motive: उद्दे�श• Near Past:सतिनंतिहात भू&तक�ळ• Definite Future: तिनंसशया भूतिवष्याक�ळ • Promise: आश्वा�सनं• Habitual Present : र)तित वत�मा�नंक�ळ