1

: Mycology . : Fungal ecology Fungal Fungal geneties Industrial mycology Medical mycology . Eukaryota 9691 (Myceteae ( Whittaker )Thallud ) Filamentous Soma )( Heterotrophs . ) (Yeasts Hyphae Mycelium . 0001 001 ) 1 5 . . ) Septa ( Septum . ) . ) ( Coenocytic = Nonsptate . Phycomycetes

2

Haustoria . 001 ) 3891 ( Saigon .

: . . 1- 2- 3- . : 1- : Obligate Parssitic Fungi . Downy mildew of grapes Puccinia graminis .

3

. 2- : Facultative Parasitic Fungi Fusariumsp . . 3- : Obligate Saprophytic Penicillium Trichoderma sp . 4- : Facultative Saprophytic Fungi Smuts .

5- : Fungi Symbiotic Lichens . = Mycorrhiza ( mykes = rhiza ( . .

4

. ) ( . . . . .

5

6- : Chlamydospores . 7- ) ( : Spores : - : . - : . . Sporangiophore : Conidiophores ) Conidia ( Conidium Conidiophores . . . : Pycnidium

1-

Ostiole . Acervule Sporodochium

2- 3-

. .

6

: ( Fungi imperfecti (Deuteromycetes . : 1- : Plasmogamy . 2- : Karyogamy ) Haploid( Zygote 2( Diploid ( . - Oospores ) ( ) ( . - : Zygospores . : CO . . . : 1- . 2- 3- .

7

4- . 5- . 6- )( . 7- . Sclerotia Claviceps purpurea

8-

.

: . (Kingdom : Myceteae (Fungi )1081 (Persoon )6881 (Eichler )3881 (exhorter : Phycomycetes 1- Euoascomycetes 2- Basidiomycetes 3- [Deuteromycetes 4- . 1391 Saccardo Sylloge . Fungorum . ) 2691 (lexopoulos ) 7691 (Hawker . ) 9791 (Alexopoulos & Mims ) (

8

: Division Gymnomycota 1- Division 2 Mastgomycota 2- Division 3 Amastigomycota 3- : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . : )9791 (Alexopoulos and Mims . : Superkingdom : Eukaryota : Division 1 . Gtmnomycota Sub division 1 . crasiogymnomycotion

Class 1 . Acrasiomycetes Subdivision 2 . Plasmodiogymnomycotina Class 1 . Protosteliomycetes Class2 Myxomyxetes Subclass 1 . Ceratiomyxomycetidae Subclass2 .Myxogastoromycetidae Orders 1 . Liceales 2 Echinosteliales 3 . Trichiales 4. Physarales Subclass 3 . Stemonitomycetidae Order Stemonitales Division 11. Mastigomycota Subdivision 1. Haplomastgomycotian Class 1. Chtridiomycets Orders 1. Chytridiales 2. Harpochytriales

)

3. Plastocladiales 4. Monobepharidales Class 2. Hyphochytridiomycetes Order : Hyphochytriales Class 3. Plasmodiophoromycetes Order : Plasmodiophorales Subdivision 2. Diplomastgomyction Class 1. Oomycetes Orders 1. Saprolegniales 2. Leptomitales 3. Lagenidiales 4. Peribisoirakes Divisions III Amastigomycota Class 1. Zygomycetes Orders 1. Nucorales 2. Enthomophthorales 3. Zoopagales Class 1 .Trichomycetes Subdivision 4. Deuteromycotina Form- Class 1. Deuteromycets Form subclass 3. Hyphomycetidae Form orders 1. Moniliales

9

: ) (

)(

3- Binomial Nomenclature . 001 . )Carlus Linneaus 3571( Binomial system of nomenclatur Genus . Species . Genus Family . Order Class Division . . .

01

Mycota Mycotina Mycetes Mycetidae ales Aceae .

11

: )9791 (Alexopoulos & Mims )0691 (Martin . . Subdivision 2 2. Plasmodiogymnomycotina True slime molds . ) ( Class Myxomycetes True Slim Molds Sporan- giym Plasmodium : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . : . Subclass Ceratiomycomycetidae . Subclass Myxogastromycetidae . Subclass Myxogastromycetidae

1- 2- 3- 4-

. Subclass : Stemonitomycetidae

21

: 1- . Internally . . . . Myxogastroid type Phaneroplasmodium

2-3- 4-

5- 6-

: Order : Liceales 1- Order: Echinosteliales 2- Order : Trichiales 3- Order : Physarales 4- Order Physarales Family Physaraceae 1- Family Didymiaceae 2- Isogametes Zygotes . . Plasmodium Subclass Stemonitomycetidae

Division Mastigomycota

: Subdivision Haplomastigomycotion 1- 2- Subdivision Diplomastigomycotiona Whiplash :

31

Class Chytridiomycetes 1- 2- Class Hyphochytridiomycetes Class Plasmodiophoromycetes 3- Class Chytridiomycetes

. : Order Chytridiales 1- Order Harpochytriales 2- Order Blastocladiales 3- Order Monoblepharidales 4- Order Blastocladiales

41

Class Plasmodiophoromycetes

Hypertrophy . . .

Subdivision Diplomastigomycotiona

)2( . Whiplash Tinsel .

Class Oomycetes

1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

)7691 (Sparrow : Order Saprolegniales Order Peronosporales . Order Liptomitales . Order Lagenidiales . Order Thraustochytriales

Order Saprolegniales Family : Ectrogellaceae 1- Family : Thraustochytriaceae 2- Family : Haliphthoracea 3- Family : Leptolegniellaceae 4- Family : Saprolegniaceae 5- Family Saprolegniaceae Order Peronosporales

51

- . : Family : Pythiaceae 1- Family : Peronosporaceae 2- Family : Albuginaceae 3- Family : Peronophythoraceae 4- Family Pythiaceae Family Peronosporaceae Family Albuginaceae

Division Amastigomycota

. . . ) ( Zoospores or gametes . : Subdivision Zygomycotina 1- Subdivision Ascomycotina 2- subdivision Basidiomycotina 3- subdivision Deuteromycotina 4 -

Subdivision Zygomycotina

) ( . : 1- ) ( 2- ) ( .

61

Aplanospores

3-

.

4-

Zygospores . 5- . : Order : Mycorales 1- Order : Entomophthophthorales 2- Order : Zoopagales 3- Order Mucorales )9791 (Alexopoulos & mims 004 54 Family Mucoraceae 1- Family Pilovolaceae 2- Family Thamnidiaceae 3- Family Cunninghamellaceae 4- Family Choanephoraceae 5- Family Mortierellaceae 6- Family Radiomycetaceae 7- Family Syncephalastraceae 8- Family Syksenaceae 9- Family Piptocephalidaceae 01- Family Helicocephalidaceae 11- Order Entomophthorales Family Entomophthoraceae

)( Class Ascomycetes :

71

Sac Fungi Fungal Species 000.52 000.03 0081 . Asocarp Cup fungi Morels . Truffles : : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . 6- .

7-

8- . 05 052 : Order Endomycetales 1. Order Taphrinales 2. Order Protomycetales 3. Order Endomycetales 051 : Family Ascoidaceae 1- Family Dipodascaceae 2- Family Endomycetaceae 3- Family Saccharomycetaceaee 4- Family Cephaloascaceae 5- Family Spermophthoraceae 6- Family Saccharomycetaceae

81

Order Taphrinales Subclass Plectmycetidae : Order Ascosphaerales 1- Order Elaphomycetales 2- Order Onygenales 3- Order Eurotiales 4- Order microascales 5- Order Eurotiales : Family Amorphothecaceae 1- Family Eurotiaceae 2- Family Thermoascceae 3- Family Monascaceae 4- Family Trichocmaceae 5- Family Pseudoeurotiaceae 6- Family Cephalothecaceae 7- ) ( Family Eurotiaceae

Subclass hymenoascomycetidae

: Series : Pyrenomycetes 1- 2- )( Series : Discomycetes Series : Pyrenomycetes : Order Erysiphales 1- Order Meliolales 2- Order Xylariales 3- Order Claticipitales 4- Order Diaporthales 5- Phyllactinia Type Centrum

91Order Erysiphales

Family Erysiphaceae Family Chaetomiaceae Family Xylariaceae Order Clavicipitales Family Clavicipitaceae Order hypocreales : Family Nectriaceae 1- Family Hypocreaceae 2- Family Hypomycetaceae 3- Nectriaceaea Family ) ( Series Discomycetes Order Phacidiales 1- Order Ostropales 2- Order hilotiales 3- Order hilotiales Family Sclerotiniaceae 1- Family Dirmateaceae 2- Family Geoglossacese 3- Family Sclerotiniaceae Family Sarcoscyphaceae Family Pizizaceae Family Ascobolaceae Family Morchellaceae Family Helvellaceae : 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

02

Family Pezizaceae Family Ascobolaceae Family Morchellaceae Hypogeum Discomycetes Order Tuverales Family Tuberaceae Subclass Loculoascomycetidae Order Pleosporales 1- Order Myriangiales 2- Order Himiaphaeriales 3- Order Hysterias 4- Order Dothideales 5- Order Pleosporales Family Ventyriaceae

12

Subdivision Basidiomycotima

Class Basidiomycetes

000.02 000.52 055 . Basidiospores Basidium . : : 1- . 2- . 3- . 1- ) (Subclass : Holobasidiomycetedae 2- )( Subclass : Phragmobasidiomycetidae Subclass Teliomycetidae 3-

) ( : Subclass : Series: Hymenomycetes Series : Gasteromycetes

1- 2-

) ( . : Series: Hymenomycetes Order :Aphyllophorales 1- Order Agaricales 2-

22Order : Exobasidiaes Order Dacrymycetales Order Tulasnellales Order Brachybasidiales

3- 4- 5- 6-

Order :Aphyllophorales Family : Schizophyllaceae 1- Family : Clavariaceae 2- Family Cantharellaceae 3- Family : Hydnaceae 4- Family : Coniophoraceae 5- Family : Polyporaceae 6- Family : Schizophyllaceae Family : Clavariaceae Family Cantharellaceae Family Coniophoraceae Family Polyporaceae

Order Agaricales : Family Agaricaceae 1- Family Coprinaceae 2- Family Boletaceae .3- Family Amanitaceae 4- Family Tricholomataceae 5- Family Russulaceae 6- Family Hygrophoraceae 7- Family Lepiotaceae 8- Family Volvariaceae 9- Family Srophariaceae 01- Family Cortinariaceae 11- Series Gasteromycetes

32

Order Hymenogastrales Order Phallales Order Lycoperdales : Family Arachniaceae 1- Family Mesophelliaceae 2- Family Lycoperdaceae 3- Family Geastraceae 4- Order Nidulariales Family Nidulariaeae Family Sphaerobolaceae

1- 2-

Subclass Teliomycetidae

Subdivision Deuteromycotina

. . : Form-class Deutermycetes Fungi Imperecti . . . .

42

: 1- Form-subclass Blastomycetidae Form-subclass Coelomycetidae 2- 3- Form-subclass Hyphomycetidae Form-subclass Blastomycetidae Form-order Sphairopsidales Form-family Sphaeropsidaeae Form-family Nedctrioidaceae Form-family Leptostromataceae Form-family Eccipylaceae phaeropsidaceae Form-family Form-order Melanconiales Form-family Melanconiaceae Form-class Hyphomycetidae Form-order Moniliales Form-family Moniliaceae Form-family Dematiaaceae Form-order Agonomycetales