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ipeline Materials
Selection -An Overview
rasenjit Kayal
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 2
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndexIndex
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie01. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 3
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
LinepipeLinepipe
08/05/15
In the Oil & Gas Industry the pipe material selection depends on fluid conveyed
(Sweet i.e. without H2S or Sour service i.e. with H2S ). Typical pipe materials are
!ow "ar#on steel (Steel pipe)
"orrosion $esistant %lloy"$% ('uple Super duple Inconel *2+ %ISI ,-*!)
"$% "ladded!ined "ar#on Steel ("lad pipe "ar#on steel layer / "$% layer)
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 4
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Linepipe - Fabrication ProcessLinepipe - Fabrication Process
08/05/15
Su#mer0ed %rc 1elded (S%1)
lectrical $esistance 1elded ($1)
Hi0h 3re4uency Induction (H3I) welded or Hi0h 3re4uency 1elded (H31)
Seamless (S5!S) i.e. without lon0itudinal (seam) weld
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Submerged Arc Welded Pipe (SAW - !O"Submerged Arc Welded Pipe (SAW - !O"
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 6
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Submerged Arc Welded Pipe (SAW - !O"Submerged Arc Welded Pipe (SAW - !O"
08/05/15
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 7
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
LSAW Pipe# Press $ending Met%odLSAW Pipe# Press $ending Met%od
08/05/15
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 8
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
08/05/15
LSAW Pipe# Press $ending Met%odLSAW Pipe# Press $ending Met%od
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 9
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Spiral&'elical SAW PipeSpiral&'elical SAW Pipe
08/05/15
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 10
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Spiral&'elical SAW PipeSpiral&'elical SAW Pipe
08/05/15
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 11
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
!inepipe 3a#rication 6rocesses!inepipe 3a#rication 6rocesses
08/05/15
Su#mer0ed %rc 1elded (S%1)
lectrical $esistance 1elded ($1)
Hi0h 3re4uency Induction (H3I) welded or Hi0h 3re4uency 1elded (H31)
Seamless (S5!S) i.e. without lon0itudinal (seam) weld
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 12
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Medium-iameter ()*-inMedium-iameter ()*-in
"lectrical +esistance Welded Pipe ("+W"lectrical +esistance Welded Pipe ("+W
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 13
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
!inepipe 3a#rication 6rocesses!inepipe 3a#rication 6rocesses
08/05/15
Su#mer0ed %rc 1elded (S%1)
lectrical $esistance 1elded ($1)
Hi0h 3re4uency Induction (H3I) welded or Hi0h 3re4uency 1elded (H31)
Seamless (S5!S) i.e. without lon0itudinal (seam) weld
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 14
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Small-iameter (*-in 'FI PipeSmall-iameter (*-in 'FI Pipe
'ig% Fre,uenc Welded or Induction Welded Pipe ('FW&'FI'ig% Fre,uenc Welded or Induction Welded Pipe ('FW&'FI
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
'FI PIP" . /oiler'FI PIP" . /oiler
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 16
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
'FI PIP" . Welding'FI PIP" . Welding
M i l O iM t i l O i
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 17
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
08/05/15
"+W Pipe vs0 'FI Pipe"+W Pipe vs0 'FI Pipe
M t i l O iM t i l O i
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 18
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
08/05/15
TENARISTENARIS
M t i l O iM t i l O i
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 19
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Linepipe - Fabrication ProcessesLinepipe - Fabrication Processes
08/05/15
Su#mer0ed %rc 1elded (S%1)
lectrical $esistance 1elded ($1)
Hi0h 3re4uency Induction (H3I) welded or Hi0h 3re4uency 1elded (H31)
Seamless (S5!S) i.e. without lon0itudinal (seam) weld
M t i l O iMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 20
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Plug +olling Mill (Medium iameter Seamless PipePlug +olling Mill (Medium iameter Seamless Pipe
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 21
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Mandrel Mill (Small iameter Seamless pipeMandrel Mill (Small iameter Seamless pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 22
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
08/05/15
TENARISTENARIS
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 23
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Pipe Production +angePipe Production +ange
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 24
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Pipelines usuall %ave diameters wit%in 123and 4530 Large diameter linepipes (6 correspond to
SAW longitudinal welded pipes t%at matc% more re,uirements 7or Oil 8 9as applications0
9enerall spea:ing; "+W and S"AML"SS pipes are respectivel less and more expensive t%anLSAW0
S"AML"SS&"+W
LSAW
SAW Spiral
7uantity of Supplier for 5ar8et
Se0ment
123 )23 453
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 25
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 26
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Offshore 6ipeline for corrosive service (sour service i.e. with H2S) are fa#ricated in
"orrosion $esistant %lloy"$% ('uple Super duple Inconel *2+ %ISI ,-*!)
"$% "ladded!ined "ar#on Steel ("lad pipe "ar#on steel layer / "$% layer)
"lad pipelines are formed from a car#on man0anese steel outer pipe (#ase material or #ac8
steel) lined internally with a thin layer (2, mm thic8) of corrosion resistant material.
'efinition
!inepipe is denoted 9clad: if the #ond #etween #ase and claddin0 material is metallur0ical
!inepipe is denoted 9lined: if the #ond #etween #ase and claddin0 material is mechanical.
"lad 6ipe"$% 6ipe!ined 6ipe
/LA Pipe/LA Pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 27
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
08/05/15
/LA Pipe/LA Pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 28
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
/lad Steel Plate Fabrication Process - "xample/lad Steel Plate Fabrication Process - "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 29
Material Overviewate a O e e
08/05/15
Welded /lad Steel Pipe - Fabrication Process "xampleWelded /lad Steel Pipe - Fabrication Process "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 30
%n eample of 5echanically ;onded (!ined) pipe
$!==I>9 $u$i?
In order to increase the advanta0es of a clad pipe ;pipe) at the #e0innin0 of the ?@A.
The ;u;i>pipe consists of a "$% pipe which is telescopically ali0ned inside a pipe in
car#onman0anese material (seamless or welded pipe).=%e tig%t bonding between t%e two pipes is ac%ieved b %draulic expansion0
The produci#le siBe ran0e comprises pipes in O'Cs from --D., mm (DE) up to **A mm (2*E)
and len0ths up to -2 m without circumferential weld.
"ompared with the metallur0ically clad pipe ;u;i>pipe offers a wide ran0e of material
com#inations for #oth the inner and outer pipe and price advanta0es.
6rice advanta0e is due to the use of low cost car#on steels in conFunction with corrosion
resistin0 steels and an economic production process.
08/05/15
Lined PipeLined Pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 31
Lined Pipe#Lined Pipe# $!$!TTI=GTTI=G$i$imetalpipe (;u;i>pipe)metalpipe (;u;i>pipe)
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 32
IndeInde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 3308/05/15
Offshore %pplication
pansion loop (Spool) construction (e.0. 0oose nec8 #end part).
$iser construction (e.0. #end part).
Top side 6ipin0
5ain "haracteristics
;end $adius + O' 6ipeline (i.e. pi00a#le)
Strai0ht len0th (e.0. A.+ -.A m) Same "hemical composition of mother pipe of
linepipe (e.0. "ar#on 4uivalent)
5ain 3a#rication 6rocesses
Hot #endin0 of the ori0inal pipe ($+-AO')
"old ;endin0 of the ori0inal pipe ($ADAO')
Large +adius $endsLarge +adius $ends
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 3408/05/15
$ends . 'ot $end Production$ends . 'ot $end Production
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 35
$ends . 'ot induction $ending - "xample$ends . 'ot induction $ending - "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 36
$ending Mac%ine 'eating and /ooling +ing
$ends . 'ot induction $ending - "xample$ends . 'ot induction $ending - "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 37
$
=6S
'T%I!E%E
O'
THJ I'
S 'T%I!
E%E
T
T
=ote 2
=ote 2
I="M PIP" Wall Mot%er
Material9rade
Pipe =pe
alp%a + @ = @)=>AM" SIB" =%ic:ness Pipe W0=
(inc% CmmD CmmD (E (mm (mm (mm (mm
"xpansion Loops2E $ends
12 )2;* )G;5L41< H/
S"AML"SS2 1G*
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 38
IndeInde
1. Linepipe2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 39
"oatin0
The li4uid li4uefia#le mastic powder or any composition and material thatafter application to a su#strate (e.0. pipes) is converted into a solidanticorrosion protective adherent films.
Offshore %pplication
6ipeline and "omponents (;ends flan0e fittin0s etc.) ternal %nticorrosion
6rotection System. $iser ternal %nticorrosion and mechanical 6rotection System.
"oatin0 System Selection "riteria is #ased on
6roFect $e4uirements
nvironmental service eposure (seawater soil other)
Service temperature (depends on ma. conveyed fluid temperature)
Anticorrosion /oatingsAnticorrosion /oatings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 40
%nticorrosion coatin0s main type
6olyethylene (6) (e.0. ,.+mm K @+A 80m,L linepipe) "oal tar namel ("T) (e.0. pipeline)
6olypropylene (66) (e.0. ,mm K @AA 80m, linepipe ,.+mm 3lame Spray 66 L$iser and ;ends)
3usion ;onded poy (3;) (e.0. field Foint)
6olyurethane (6
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 41
GLPP
F$"
GLP"
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 42
The threelayerNs 6olyethylene coatin0 (,!6) is a multilayer coatin0 composed of three
functional components
3irst layer primer (li4uid or powdered fusion #onded epoy (3;)). "ontinuous thin layerresistant to the corrosive a0ents. Guarantee a suita#le adhesion of the coatin0 to the steel.
Second layer copolymer or modified polyethylene adhesive. Guarantee a suita#le adhesion#etween the upper polyethylene layer and the primer.
Third layer polyethylene. It provides 0ood mechanical stren0th mechanical protection andelectric insulation.
,!6 Systems provide ecellent pipeline protection for small and lar0e diameter
pipelines with service temperatures varyin0 from *A " to /P+ ".
%ccordin0 to the maimum service temperatures the polyethylene may #e
!ow 'ensity 6olyethylene (!'6) (@-P @,+ J0m,)
5ediumHi0h 'ensity 6olyethylene (5'6H'6) (@DA @+A 80m,)
5inimum 6 "oatin0 Thic8ness ,.+ mm
"ut #ac8 len0th re4uired for pipeline installation -+A mm /2AA mmM
08/05/15
G-Laer Polet%lene (GLP"G-Laer Polet%lene (GLP"
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 43
The threelayerNs 6olyethylene coatin0 (,!66) is a multilayer coatin0 composed of three
functional components
3irst layer primer (li4uid or powdered fusion #onded epoy (3;)). "ontinuous thin layerresistant to the corrosive a0ents. Guarantee a suita#le adhesion of the coatin0 to the steel.
Second layer copolymer adhesive. Guarantee a suita#le adhesion #etween the upperpolypropylene layer and the primer.
Third layer polypropylene. It provides very 0ood mechanical stren0th mechanical protectionand electric insulation.
,!66 Systems provide ecellent pipeline protection for small and
!ar0e diameter pipelines with service temperatures varyin0 from 2A " to /-DA ".5inimum 6olypropylene 'ensity @AA 80m,
5inimum 6 "oatin0 Thic8ness ,.+ mm
"ut #ac8 len0th re4uired for pipeline installation -+A mm /2AA mm.
08/05/15
G-Laer Polproplene (GLPPG-Laer Polproplene (GLPP
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 443
GLP" . Fabrication Process - "xampleGLP" . Fabrication Process - "xample
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 453
GLPP . Fabrication Process - "xampleGLPP . Fabrication Process - "xample
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 463
P/P . Fabrication Process - "xampleP/P . Fabrication Process - "xample
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 473
F$" . Fabrication Process - "xampleF$" . Fabrication Process - "xample
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 483
/oal =ar "namel (/=" . Fabrication Process - "xample/oal =ar "namel (/=" . Fabrication Process - "xample
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 49
This linin0 is applied #y layerin0 one or several coats of paint or #y sprayin0 epoy powder.
-. The pipe is preheated to eliminate humidity
2. The interior surface is shot#lasted to remove mill scale and rust o#tainin0 a metal surfacewhich facilitates the adhesion
,. 1hen epoy powder is fused the pipe is preheated to 2,P" in order to 4uic8ly cure the epoy.
D. The pipe is rotated and the linin0 is sprayed from a set of noBBles which moves inside the pipe.
+. 1hen paint is used it is dried #y #lowin0 hot air throu0h the pipe.
"pox +esin Lining . Application "xample"pox +esin Lining . Application "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 50
IndeInde
1. Linepipe2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
/ t / ti
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 51
$einforced "oncrete "oatin0 is made #y a ri0ht miture of cement a00re0ates and water
reinforced with steel ca0e or steel welded fa#ric .
Offshore %pplication
6ipeline 1ei0htin0 (sta#iliBation of offshore pipeline su#Fected to Hydrodynamicforces)
5ain "haracteristics to #e re4uired
5in. "ompressive Stren0th at Q and 2P day "ore"u#e
5inimum %pplica#le Thic8ness
5inimum and 5aimum 'ensity
1ater %#sorption
"ut #ac8 len0th ('epends on 1eldin0 System used)
08/05/15
/oncrete /oating/oncrete /oating
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
= i l / t t " l= i l / t t " l
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 5208/05/15
5inimum $ecommended %pplica#le "oncrete Thic8ness DA mmM
5aimum Standard %pplica#le "oncrete Thic8ness -+A mmM
5aimum Standard concrete coatin0 density (dry) ,.ADA tm,M
5inimum Standard concrete coatin0 density (dry) 2.2DA tm,M
"oncrete wei0ht increase in order to ta8e into account water a#sorption
on #ottom sta#ility analysis (minimum) 2R #y wei0htM
layin0 analysis (maimum) +R #y wei0ht."ut #ac8 len0th re4uired for pipeline installation
,QA mm /2AA mm (6resto & 6asso 1eldin0 System)M
,@A mm /2AA mm (1ermaat 1eldin0 System).
=pical /oncrete ata - "xample=pical /oncrete ata - "xample
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 53
IndeInde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
S i7i i l A dS i7i i l A d
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 54
Sacrificial %node (Offshore 6ipeline) is made #y Indium activated aluminium alloy
or inc alloy.
Offshore %pplication
6ipeline "athodic 6rotection (ternal %nticorrosion System)
%node Type
;racelet halfshell (s4uared and Tapered)
!on0 Slender Standoff (e.0. 6latform !e0 Su#sea Structure etc.) 3lushmounted (e.0. 6latform !e0 Su#sea Structure etc.)
Sacri7icial AnodesSacri7icial Anodes
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
A d = i l i / t / t d PiAnode =pical rawing /oncrete /oated Pipe
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 55
Collega5ento a Rp32.e6e.ln%
Anode =pical rawing- /oncrete /oated PipeAnode =pical rawing- /oncrete /oated Pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Anode =pical rawing Anticorrosion /oated PipeAnode =pical rawing Anticorrosion /oated Pipe
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 56
Anode =pical rawing - Anticorrosion /oated PipeAnode =pical rawing - Anticorrosion /oated Pipe
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 57
IndeInde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
08/05/15
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Field Koints /oatingsField Koints /oatings
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 58
3" is the protective coatin0 applied on field weld Foints (circumferential weld).
The 3" ensure the suita#le corrosion protection and coatin0 continuity to the steelpipes surface left #are (uncoated) durin0 coatin0 application on shop.
3ield oint coatin0 System Selection "riteria is #ased on 6roFect $e4uirements nvironmental service eposure (seawater soil other) Service temperature (depends on ma. 3luid conveyed temperature)
"ompati#ility with the pipeline ternal %nticorrosion "oatin0
Field Koints /oatingsField Koints /oatings
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Field Koints /oatingsField Koints /oatings
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 59
3ield oint coatin0s main type
%nticorrosion "oated 6ipe Heat Shrin8a#le Sleeve (HSS)
6olymer plastic tapes (e.0. Spirally wrapped 66 tapes (6IH) & "i0arette wrapped 66 tapes (""SI))
3usion ;onded poy 6owder (3;)
!i4uid poy resin (Tar free)
!i4uid 6olyurethane (Tar free) (e.0. 5arin#loc8 trademar8)
InFection 5oulded 6olypropylene (66) and 6olyurethane (6
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 603
GLPP
F$" PP
Flame-Spra
P! Foam
P! Mixture (e0g0 Marinbloc:'SS
Field Koints /oatings - "xamplesField Koints /oatings - "xamples
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Application O7 'eat S%rin:able Sleeve ('SSApplication O7 'eat S%rin:able Sleeve ('SS
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 61
Application O7 'eat S%rin:able Sleeve ('SSApplication O7 'eat S%rin:able Sleeve ('SS
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
PP Flame Spra . Application Process "xamplePP Flame Spra . Application Process "xample
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 62
PP Flame Spra Application Process "xamplePP Flame Spra Application Process "xample
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 63
IndeInde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
FlangesFlanges
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 64
3lan0es are hot or cold for0ed fittin0s
$e4uired 3lan0e $atin0 depends on the pipeline desi0n and hydrostatic test pressures
Offshore %pplication
"ouplin0 flan0ed (e.0. 6ipelineSpool $iserSpool alvepipin0 etc.)
Typical 3lan0es 5aterials
"ar#on Steel !ow %lloyed Steel Stainless Steel.
3lan0e Type
1eldin0 =ec8 (1=) Swivel =ec8 (S1) ;lind (;!) 3lat 3ace (33) $aise 3ace ($3)
FlangesFlanges
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Flanges =pesFlanges =pes
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 65
Flanges =pesFlanges =pes
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
/arbon Steel Flanges +ating (ASM" $1*0
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 6608/05/15
/arbon Steel Flanges +ating (ASM" $1*0
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g g ( g g (
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Stainless Steel Flanges +ating (ASM" $1*0
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 6808/05/15
g g ( g g (
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Swivel Flange =pical rawing- 123 SW +=K "xampleSwivel Flange =pical rawing- 123 SW +=K "xample
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 69
g p g pg p g p
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Weld >ec: Flange =pical rawing- 123 W> +=KWeld >ec: Flange =pical rawing- 123 W> +=K
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 7008/05/15
g p g
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
$lind >ec: Flange =pical rawing- 123 $L +=K$lind >ec: Flange =pical rawing- 123 $L +=K
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
9as:ets (O77s%ore Application9as:ets (O77s%ore Application
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 72
$in0 Type oint ($T) Gas8ets are metallic sealin0 rin0s suita#le for hi0h pressure and hi0h
temperature applications (e.0. couplin0 flan0ed).
$T 0as8ets are desi0ned to seal #y Einitial line contactE or wed0in0 action #etween the matin0flan0e and the 0as8et.
;y applyin0 pressure on the seal interface throu0h #olt force the softer metal of the 0as8et flows
into the microfine structure of the harder flan0e material creatin0
very ti0ht and efficient seal.
Typical Gas8ets 5aterial Soft iron SS ,-* (and 6lastic 5etallic6lastic)
The rin0s shall have hardness lower than that of the flan0e in order to assure ti0ht Foint.
$in0 Gas8et 6rofiles used in offshore pipeline application are Oval 3lat Octa0onal.
$T 0as8ets are manufactured in accordance with %S5 ;-*.+
%S5 ;-*.DQ %S5 ;-*.2A and 5S S6 DD specifications.
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
+ing =pe Koint (+K= 8 FLA= (+F 9as:ets-"xamples+ing =pe Koint (+K= 8 FLA= (+F 9as:ets-"xamples
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 73
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Stud $olts and >utsStud $olts and >uts
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 74
Stud ;olts are made #y alloy steel accordin0 to %ST5 % -@, Grade ;Q.
The len0th 9!: of stud #olts is measured from first thread to first maFor diameter thread.
The ;olt len0th has to #e suita#le for the 1=S1 couplin0 flan0ed included the etra len0th
for automatic #olt tensioner (hydra ti0ht Type)
;oth ends of stud#olt shall have a tip.
The threadin0 shall #e carried accordin0 %=SI code ;-.-.
=uts are machined hot or cold for0ed in "ar#on Steel accordin0 to %ST5 % -@D Grade 2
(teflon coated).
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 75
Inde
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints
11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
SSI@ (Subsea Sa7et Isolation @alveSSI@ (Subsea Sa7et Isolation @alve
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 76
% Subsea Sa7et Isolation @alve (SSI@is re4uired in proimity (distance to #e defined #y dedicated
study) of a selected platform to provide the isolation in case of accident (e.0. fire) of the surface
facilities and the riser from the fluid (e.0. 5ethane) contained inside the sealine comin0 from another
6latform or from onshore 3acilities.
SSI@ Station Main /omponents#U OnOff ;all alveU %ctuatorU ;ase support / 6rotection "overU 6ipin0 (flan0es included)
U "ontrol
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 77
6rotection "over
6ipin0OnOff ;all alve
%ctuator
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 78
-. !inepipe
2. "lad pipe
,. !ar0e $adius ;ends
D. %nticorrosion "oatin0s
+. "oncrete "oatin0
*. Sacrificial %nodes
Q. 3ield oint 5aterial
P. 3lan0es Gas8ets and ;oltin0
@. SSI (Su#sea Safety Insulated alve) Overview
-A. Insulatin0 oints
--. T & V tees and "onical $educer (;uttwelded 3ittin0s)
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Insulation KointInsulation Koint
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 79
%n Isolatin0 oint (I) is a hi0hresistance fittin0 used to electrically isolate sections of a
pipeline in order to avoid any electrical current to cross from one side of the Foint to the
other one and conse4uently to improve the effectiveness of the cathodic protectionsystem.
Weldedconnection
Flangedconnection
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Insulation KointInsulation Koint
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 80
Good insulation level #etween two sections of a pipeline is 0ranted when the isolatin0 Foint
is installed a#ove 0round or a#ove sea level or in inspection pits.
!o"nd #e$el
Sea #e$el
Sedi%ent #e$el
I&olating 'oint&
In&(ection )it
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Insulation oints are typically made in one piece (5onolithic) or flan0ed and can #e
Insulation KointInsulation Koint
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 81
Insulation oints are typically made in one piece (5onolithic) or flan0ed and can #e
desi0ned and manufactured for any pipeline siBe and pressure ratin0.
% 5onolithic dielectric oint (5I) are composed of two pieces of metallic pipe
assem#led #y weldin0 alon0 with interposition of insulatin0 material and sealin0
0as8ets so that the two piece at the same time come out each other mechanically
connected and electrically insulated.
5I is provided with etension nipples (pup piece) that must match the pipeline wall
and 0rade and are lon0 enou0h to eliminate any possi#ility of thermal dama0e to the5I durin0 field weldin0.
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
IndeInde
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 82
1. Linepipe
2. Clad pipe
3. Large Radius Bends
4. Anticorrosion Coatings
5. Concrete Coating
6. Sacrifcial Anodes
7. Field oint !aterial
". Flanges# $as%ets and Bolting
&. SS'( )Su*sea Sa+et, 'nsulated (al-e /-er-ie0
1. 'nsulating oints11. tees and Conical Reducer )Butt0elded Fittings
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
$uttwelded Fittings$uttwelded Fittings
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
Tee piece is a special # tt elded fittin0 sed to reali e the connection #et een t o
=3 and 3 =ee=3 and 3 =ee
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 84
Tee piece is a special #uttwelded fittin0 used to realiBe the connection #etween two
pipelines with different headin0s and same (Strai0ht tee) or different ($educin0 Tee)
Outsider diameters.Vway piece is a special #uttwelded fittin0 used to realiBe the connection #etween two
pipelines with different headin0s and same or different Outsider diameters.
ach Tee and yway can #e desi0ned and manufactured for any pipeline siBe and
6ressure ratin0.
Straig%t =ee +educing =ee
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
=3 and 3 =ee . Application "xample# Laing In Line=3 and 3 =ee . Application "xample# Laing In Line
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Material OverviewMaterial Overview
=3 and 3 =ee Welded on Spool - "xample=3 and 3 =ee Welded on Spool - "xample
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 86
Material OverviewMaterial Overview
/onical +educer/onical +educer
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INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINE DESIGN June 2009 87
% conical reducer is a #uttwelded fittin0 used to connect two pipelines with different
Outsider diameter (e.0. ,*: O' offshore 6ipeline with ,D: O' eistin0 onshore pipeline).
"onical $educer can #e made from steel plates andor pipes and may #e manufactured #y
for0in0 pressin0 rollin0 weldin0 or #y a com#ination of these processes.
"onical reducers can #e desi0ned and manufactured for any pipeline siBe and
6ressure ratin0.