(2) Exam: 3 times Problem types: -Multiple choice 80

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(2) Exam: 3 times (2) Exam: 3 times

Problem types: -Multiple choice 80% + Short answer 20% Posting of score & expected GPA: on the board at room SB148, New Science Building ( 과학원 )

Problem types: -Multiple choice 80% + Short answer 20% Posting of score & expected GPA: on the board at room SB148, New Science Building ( 과학원 )

(1) How to get lecture slides (1) How to get lecture slides

www.ykjanglab.pe.kr/korean/자료실/강의자료File name: Chapter00_lecture_Genetics_20070000

www.ykjanglab.pe.kr/korean/자료실/강의자료File name: Chapter00_lecture_Genetics_20070000

AnnouncementAnnouncement

(3) Assignment (homework): (3) Assignment (homework): Please read your textbook Please submit your own handwritten summary (1 page per I hour lecture) before the lecture get started ( No acceptable for late submission) Solve the problems at the end of each chapter being notified after finishing the every chapter. Some of them will be presented as problems in the exam.

Please read your textbook Please submit your own handwritten summary (1 page per I hour lecture) before the lecture get started ( No acceptable for late submission) Solve the problems at the end of each chapter being notified after finishing the every chapter. Some of them will be presented as problems in the exam.

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(5) Participating in this Genetics Course (5) Participating in this Genetics Course Thanks everyone for your interest on this class As announced in the syllabus, one requirement for attending this class is your completion of General Biology (I and II) Without the knowledge about Biology I & II, you may have difficulties in getting the standard score required for passing this course. If you do not meet this requirement, please drop this Genetic Course ASAP. You may have chance next year. Thank you again for your cooperation

Thanks everyone for your interest on this class As announced in the syllabus, one requirement for attending this class is your completion of General Biology (I and II) Without the knowledge about Biology I & II, you may have difficulties in getting the standard score required for passing this course. If you do not meet this requirement, please drop this Genetic Course ASAP. You may have chance next year. Thank you again for your cooperation

Announcement (continued)Announcement (continued)

(4) Grading: (4) Grading:

Ist exam (30%) + 2nd exam (30%) + 3rd exam (30%) + attendance & homework (10%) Ist exam (30%) + 2nd exam (30%) + 3rd exam (30%) + attendance & homework (10%)

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Genetics: From Genes to GenomesGenetics: From Genes to GenomesSecond EditionSecond Edition

●● HartwellHartwell ● ● Hood Hood ● ● Goldberg Goldberg ●● Reynolds Reynolds

●● Silver Silver ●● Veres Veres

TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display

The leading Author

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Leland Hartwell, born 1939.Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Sir Paul Nurse, born 1949.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK.

Tim Hunt, born 1943.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, UK.

S. cerevisiae S. pombeArbacia (Sea urchin)

2001 Nobel Prize Laureates:cell cycle control and cancer biology

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Brief Contents in This Brief Contents in This CourseCourse

Introduction part : Genetics? (Ch. 1)Introduction part : Genetics? (Ch. 1) Part I : Basic principles of heredity : How traits are Part I : Basic principles of heredity : How traits are

transmitted (Ch. 2-5)transmitted (Ch. 2-5) Part II : What genes are and what they do (Ch.7)Part II : What genes are and what they do (Ch.7) Part III : What are genomes & how to dissect (Ch.9-Part III : What are genomes & how to dissect (Ch.9-

11)11) Part IV : How genes travel in cells (Ch. 12 & 13)Part IV : How genes travel in cells (Ch. 12 & 13)

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Chapter2

Mendel’s Breakthrough: Mendel’s Breakthrough: Everything about Everything about

HheredityHheredity

Gregor Gregor Mendel Mendel

(1822-1884)(1822-1884)

Fig. 2.2

Part IPart I : Basic : Basic principles: How traits principles: How traits

are transmittedare transmitted

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Chapter3Extensions or Exceptions to Extensions or Exceptions to

Mendel :Mendel : Complexities in Genotype to Complexities in Genotype to

phenotypephenotype

Fig. 3.19

Siamese cats: melanin production depending on body temperature



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Chapter4

The Chromosome Theory of The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Inheritance:

The Physical Basis of Mendelian The Physical Basis of Mendelian IinheritanceIinheritance

Fig. Fig. 4.224.22

Red-green colorblindness: X-linked recessive trait in human



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Chapter5Linkage, recombination, and Linkage, recombination, and

the mapping of genes on the mapping of genes on chromosomeschromosomes

A genetic map pf part of the human X chromosome

Fig. Fig. 5.285.28



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Chapter7

Anatomy and function of a Anatomy and function of a Gene: Gene: Dissection via MutationDissection via Mutation

Sickle-cell anemia with mutated hemoglobin gene

Fig. 7.22 a

Part IIPart II : What : What genes are and what genes are and what

they dothey do

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Chapter9Deconstructing the Deconstructing the

Genome: Genome: Identifying & Identifying & Analyzing DNA at High Analyzing DNA at High

ResolutionResolution

Automated Automated DNA DNA

Fig. 9.18 b

Part IIIPart III : What are : What are genomes & how to genomes & how to

dissectdissect

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Chapter10

Reconstructing the Reconstructing the Genome via Genetic and Genome via Genetic and

Molecular AnalysisMolecular Analysis

Human Genome Human Genome ProjectProject

Fig. 10.1


dissectdissect

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Chapter11The Direct detection of The Direct detection of

Genotype Distinguishes Genotype Distinguishes Individual Genomes:Individual Genomes:

You May Have Several Applications in You May Have Several Applications in Human LifeHuman Life

DNA fingerprint: can be DNA fingerprint: can be used for identification of used for identification of

criminal suspectcriminal suspect

Fig. 11.15


dissectdissect

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Chapter12

The Eukaryotic Chromosome: The Eukaryotic Chromosome: The Basis of Epigenetic Control of The Basis of Epigenetic Control of

Gene Expression as An Organelle for Gene Expression as An Organelle for Packaging Packaging

and Managing DNAand Managing DNA

Part IVPart IV : How : How genes travel in cellsgenes travel in cells

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Chapter13Chromosomal Rearrangements Chromosomal Rearrangements

and Changes in Chromosome and Changes in Chromosome Number Reshape Eukaryotic Number Reshape Eukaryotic

GenomeGenomeFig. 13.20Fig. 13.20

Barbara McClintock: Barbara McClintock: Discoverer of Discoverer of

transposable elements in transposable elements in corncorn

Part IVPart IV : How : How genes travel in cellsgenes travel in cells

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Last 동글이 (male hedgehog)

17슬이 (female)

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What is Genetics: What is Genetics: The Study of Biological The Study of Biological

InformationInformation

Chapter1

The Science of heredity(The Science of heredity( 형질유전형질유전 ): ): explains the biological structures explains the biological structures

and mechanisms about what is and mechanisms about what is inherited and howinherited and how

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Chapter OutlineChapter Outline

DNA molecules encode the biological information DNA molecules encode the biological information fundamental to all life forms (organisms)fundamental to all life forms (organisms)

Proteins are the primary unit of biological Proteins are the primary unit of biological functionfunction

Regulatory networks Regulatory networks (DNA-protein, protein-protein)(DNA-protein, protein-protein) specify the behavior of genesspecify the behavior of genes

All living things are closely related All living things are closely related (evolutionarily (evolutionarily conserved)conserved)

Genomes are modular, allowing rapid evolutionGenomes are modular, allowing rapid evolution Genetic techniques allow us to dissect biological Genetic techniques allow us to dissect biological

complexitycomplexity

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Information in DNA Information in DNA molecules generates molecules generates diversity in species: diversity in species: The key features are The key features are

summarizedsummarized Four bases – G (guanine), A Four bases – G (guanine), A (adenine), T (thymine), and C (adenine), T (thymine), and C (cytosine) are the nucleotide (cytosine) are the nucleotide building block of DNAbuilding block of DNA

DNA is a double stranded DNA is a double stranded helix composed of A-T and G-helix composed of A-T and G-C complementary basesC complementary bases

Order of nucleotide Order of nucleotide sequences determine which sequences determine which proteins are synthesized, as proteins are synthesized, as well as when and where the well as when and where the synthesis occurs.synthesis occurs.

Fig. 1.1a

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Information in DNA generates Information in DNA generates diversity (continued)diversity (continued)

All organisms use the same basic All organisms use the same basic genetic language (genetic code)genetic language (genetic code)

The differences: The differences: are contents, amount of are contents, amount of

information, and time, places of information, and time, places of gene expressiongene expression

Fig. 1.1a

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Genes are sequences of Genes are sequences of DNA that encode proteinsDNA that encode proteins

Fig. 1.2

Exon

Intron

Antiparallel structure of DNA strands means that the two complementary strands are oriented in opposite direction

Most of eukaryotic genes are defined as specific combinations

of exons

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DNA resides in within cells DNA resides in within cells packaged as units called packaged as units called

chromosomeschromosomes The entire collection of The entire collection of

chromosomes in each cell of chromosomes in each cell of an organism is called a an organism is called a genomegenome

Humans have 46 Humans have 46 chromosomeschromosomes

The human genome has about The human genome has about 3 x 103 x 1099 (3 billion) base pairs (3 billion) base pairs and 40,000 – 60,000 genesand 40,000 – 60,000 genes

Fig. 1.4

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Biological function emerges Biological function emerges primarily from proteins: primarily from proteins:

enable to reproduce, move and adapt enable to reproduce, move and adapt to environmentsto environments

Figure 1.5a

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What is protein’s properties?What is protein’s properties?

Proteins are polymers of amino acidsProteins are polymers of amino acids Proteins have three dimensional Proteins have three dimensional

structuresstructures Information in DNA dictates the Information in DNA dictates the

sequence of its amino acidssequence of its amino acids There are 20 different amino acidsThere are 20 different amino acids The order of amino acids determines The order of amino acids determines

the type of protein and its structurethe type of protein and its structure

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Proteins interact with DNA and Proteins interact with DNA and proteinsproteins

Biological systems function as complex Biological systems function as complex interactive networks of proteins and interactive networks of proteins and DNA that interact with one anotherDNA that interact with one another

You have to analyze the complex You have to analyze the complex network to understand how learning network to understand how learning and memory can beand memory can be

Fig. 1.6 Human brain: 1011 neurons with 1018 synapses

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Evidence (1) for the Evidence (1) for the common origin of all common origin of all

living thingsliving things DNA sequences use the same arbitrary genetic DNA sequences use the same arbitrary genetic

code: various triplet groupings of 4 letters (A, code: various triplet groupings of 4 letters (A, T, G, C) encode the 20 letters of amino-acid T, G, C) encode the 20 letters of amino-acid alphabetalphabet

RNA is composed of four bases: guanine (g), RNA is composed of four bases: guanine (g), adenine (a), cytosine (c), and uracil (u)adenine (a), cytosine (c), and uracil (u)

Fig. 1.7b

Central dogma:DNA RNA Protein

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Fig. 1.8

Evidence (2) for the Evidence (2) for the common origin of all common origin of all

living thingsliving things Comparisons of many genes with same Comparisons of many genes with same

functions: show striking similarity among functions: show striking similarity among all organismsall organisms

Human cell-cycle genes replace the normal Human cell-cycle genes replace the normal function of yeast homologs (related genes)function of yeast homologs (related genes)

Comparisons of the cytochrome C protein Comparisons of the cytochrome C protein in six species: electron donors/acceptors in six species: electron donors/acceptors

during cellular respirationduring cellular respiration

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Genetic study using model Genetic study using model organisms is important for the organisms is important for the

study of human genesstudy of human genes

Studies of genetics in model Studies of genetics in model organisms help us understand how organisms help us understand how genes work in humansgenes work in humans

Some model organisms include Some model organisms include bacteria, yeastbacteria, yeast,, roundworms roundworms,, fruitfliesfruitflies,, and mice. and mice.

Model organisms may have simpler Model organisms may have simpler biological networks and can be biological networks and can be manipulated experimentally.manipulated experimentally.

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Genetic techniques permit Genetic techniques permit the dissection of the dissection of

complexitycomplexity

Dissection of genomes gene-by-gene Dissection of genomes gene-by-gene unravels the complexity of biological unravels the complexity of biological systems systems ((Genome sequencing projectsGenome sequencing projects))

The challenge for modern biology: shift The challenge for modern biology: shift from the analysis of single units to the from the analysis of single units to the analysis of complex system analysis of complex system

By now “Systems Biology” is emerging By now “Systems Biology” is emerging as one of main biology fieldsas one of main biology fields

Genetics provides unique tools to solve Genetics provides unique tools to solve this challengethis challenge

Fig.1.12: Five model organisms: their genomes are sequenced

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Genetics is a leading Genetics is a leading scientific field for scientific field for

Predictive and Preventative Predictive and Preventative MedicineMedicine

Discovery of genes with variations Discovery of genes with variations that cause or predispose disease that cause or predispose disease will continue at a rapid pace. will continue at a rapid pace. Gene therapyGene therapy DiagnosticsDiagnostics Therapeutic drugs to block or reverse Therapeutic drugs to block or reverse

effects of mutant genes effects of mutant genes (Gleevec)(Gleevec) Detection of disease and treatment Detection of disease and treatment

before onset may increase life span before onset may increase life span significantlysignificantly

Documents

(2) Exam: 3 times Problem types: -Multiple choice 80