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Important Editorial from The Hindu

• Aadhar Intact

• Cost of flying

• Fuzzy forecasts

• Costly failure

• Root Causes

• Driverless

60 Challenging words from all the above articles:

1. Word: Subvert (विकत करना) • Pronunciation: suhb-vurt/सबवरट • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning:

a. undermine the power and authority of (an

established system or institution).

• Synonyms: destabilize, unsettle,

overthrow, overturn

• Antonyms: bolster, enhance, comply

• Use in Sentence: The man was sentenced

to 10 years for plotting to subvert the

government.

2. Word: Inglorious (अपमानपरण) • Pronunciation: in-glawr-ee-uhs/इनगलोरीअस

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. (of an action or situation) causing shame

or a loss of honour.

b. not famous or renowned.

• Synonyms: dishonourable, ignominious,

discreditable, disgraceful

• Antonyms: divine, gorgeous, proud

• Use in Sentence: The so-called glorious

experiment came to an inglorious end.

3. Word: Speculation (विचार) • Pronunciation: spek-yuh-ley-shuh n/

सपकयलशन

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. a single instance or process of

consideration.

b. a conclusion or opinion reached by such

contemplation

• Synonyms: hypothesis, guess

• Antonyms: fact, truth

• Use in a Sentence: The company moved

quickly to cancel the speculation that it is

losing money.

4. Word: Misdemeanors (खराब आचरर) • Pronunciation: mis-di-mee-ner/मिससििीनर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. a minor wrongdoing.

b. an instance of misbehavior; misdeed.

• Synonyms: crime, felony, offenses,

violations

• Antonyms: obedience

• Use in Sentence: Most charges were drug-

related misdemeanors.

5. Word: Hubris (अभिमान) • Pronunciation: hu-bris/हयबरिस

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. an excess of confidence; having too much

pride and personal worth

• Synonyms: pride, arrogance, insolence

• Antonyms: humility, humbleness, modesty

• Use in Sentence: The self-assured hubris

among economists was shaken in the late

1980s when the recession arrived.

6. Word: Entrenched (अतरनणहित) • Pronunciation: en-tren-ch-d/इनगरनगर

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. to establish an attitude, habit, or belief so

strongly that it is not likely to change

• Synonyms: fixed, inflexible, instilled

• Antonyms: vulnerable, adjustable,

unestablished

• Use in Sentence: Our soldiers have

entrenched themselves behind the battle

lines.

7. Word: Reiterate (दिराना) • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning: say something again or a number

of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.

• Pronunciation: ree-it-uh-reyt/रीइररर

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• Synonyms: repeat, iterate, duplicate

• Antonyms: elapse, conceal, dismiss

• Use in a Sentence: Before an exam, my

teacher reiterated all the important points

8. Word: Akin (एक समान) • Pronunciation: uh-kin/ ऐकिन

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: of similar character.

• Synonyms: alike, identical, equivalent

• Antonyms: dissimilar, contradictory,

inconsistent

• Use in a Sentence: Listening to her life

story was akin to reading a good

adventurous novel.

9. Word: Compliance (आजञापालन) • Pronunciation: kuh m-plahy-uh ns/

िमपलाइअनगस

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: the state or fact of according with

or meeting rules or standards.

• Synonyms: obedience, concurrence,

consent

• Antonyms: refusal, denial, defiance

• Use in a Sentence: The workers of the

factory must be monitored to ensure

compliance with the terms and conditions.

10. Word: Sheer (पररपरण) • Pronunciation: sheer/शीर • Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective

• Meaning:

a. nothing other than; unmitigated (used for

emphasis). [Adjective]

b. completely; right. [Adverb]

• Synonyms: complete, absolute

• Antonyms: indefinite, incomplete

• Use in a Sentence: The boy giggled with

sheer delight.

11. Word: Put off (सथगित करना) • Pronunciation: poot-awf/पर ऑफ

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. an off-putting or unpleasant quality or

feature.

b. an evasive reply.

• Synonyms: postpone, delay, discourage

• Antonyms: succeed, carry out, achieve

• Use in Sentence: Don’t put off what you

can do today till tomorrow.

12. Word: Misnomer (भमथया नामी) • Pronunciation: mis-noh-mer/मिसनोिर

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. a wrong or inaccurate name or

designation.

b. a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or

term.

• Synonyms: misleading term, mislabelling,

false description

• Antonyms: appropriate designation, exact

name

• Use in Sentence: This name is a

misnomer and has necessarily gained a

contradictory implication.

13. Word: Contend (सघरण करना) • Pronunciation: kuh n-tend/िनगरनगि • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning:

a. assert something as a position in an

argument.

b. struggle to surmount (a difficulty).

• Synonyms: cope with, withstand

• Antonyms: abandon, disown

• Use in a Sentence: The new President had

great difficulties to contend with.

14. Word: Distress (दःख िोना) • Pronunciation: dih-stres/डिसरस

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain. [Noun]

b. cause (someone) anxiety, sorrow, or

pain. [Verb]

• Synonyms: anguish, suffering

• Antonyms: comfort, pleasure

• Use in a Sentence: Jealousy causes

distress and painful emotions.

15. Word: Knee-jerk (सििाविक) • Pronunciation: nee-jurk/नी जिट • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. (of a response) automatic and unthinking.

• Synonyms: natural, habitual

• Antonyms: crazy, strange

• Use in a Sentence: That was a knee-jerk

reaction on her part.

16. Word: Fallout (गिराि) • Pronunciation: fawl-out/फॉलाउर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. the adverse results of a situation or

action.

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• Synonyms: consequence, outcome

• Antonyms: development

• Use in Sentence: Nearly 100 employees

lost their jobs in the fallout.

17. Word: Comply (सिीकार करना) • Pronunciation: kuhm-plahy/िमपलाइ • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning:

a. act in accordance with a wish or

command.

b. (of an article) meet specified standards.

• Synonyms: observe, obey, adhere to,

conform to, follow, respect

• Antonyms: disobey, refuse, defy

• Use in a Sentence: When requested to

leave, they refused to comply.

18. Word: Curb (रनयतरर करना) • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

• Pronunciation: kurb/िरट • Meaning: a check or restraint on

something.

• Synonyms: inhibit, hinder

• Antonyms: encourage, support

• Use in a Sentence: We are trying to keep a

curb on their activities.

19. Word: Entitlement (पातरता) • Pronunciation: en-tahy-tl-ment/एनगराइरलिनगर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. the fact of having a right to something.

b. the amount to which a person has a right.

c. the belief that one is inherently deserving

of privileges or special treatment.

• Synonyms: prerogative, claim, allowance

• Antonyms: restriction, prohibition

• Use in Sentence: Successful applicants will

be able to build up entitlement to many

benefits such as concessionary loans and

scholarships.

20. Word: Glut (आगिकय) • Pronunciation: gluht/लर • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

• Meaning:

a. an excessively abundant supply of

something. [Noun]

b. supply or fill to excess. [Verb]

• Synonyms: surplus, excess, surfeit,

superfluity, overabundance

• Antonyms: lack, abstain, dearth, suppress

• Use in Sentence: The fall in demand for

coffee could cause a glut on/in the market.

21. Word: (िविधयपरण) • Pronunciation: brawd-beyst/िॉि रसि • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. wide-ranging; general

b. involving participation or support by a

broad spectrum of things or people:

• Synonyms: diverse, pervasive, all-

embracing

• Antonyms: duplicate, identical, similar,

akin

• Use in Sentence: With certain aims in

mind, the school operates a broad-based

curriculum.

21. Word: Allegedly (कगथत रप स) • Pronunciation: uh-lej-id-lee/अलसजडली • Part of Speech: Adverb

• Meaning:

a. used to convey that something is claimed

to be the case or have taken place, although

there is no proof.

• Synonyms: reportedly, supposedly,

reputedly, purportedly, ostensibly,

apparently

• Antonyms: accurately, certainly, actually,

exactly

• Use in Sentence: He lost his job for

allegedly being incapable.

22. Word: Reprimand (रनदा करना) • Pronunciation: rep-ruh-mand/रपरीिानगि • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

• Meaning:

a.a formal expression of disapproval. [Noun]

b. address a reprimand (criticism) to. [Verb]

• Synonyms: admonition, reproach, reproval,

scolding, censure

• Antonyms: praise, commendation, reward,

applaud

• Use in a Sentence: The received a severe

reprimand for his behaviour.

23. Word: Envisage (विचार करना) • Pronunciation: en-viz-ij/एसनगवसिज

• Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning: contemplate or conceive of as a

possibility or a desirable future event.

• Synonyms: imagine, visualize, conceive

• Antonyms: unseen, undesirable

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• Use in Sentence: I can envisage

difficulties if you continue with this policy.

24. Word: Overhaul (परी जााच करक मरममत करना) • Pronunciation: oh-ver-hawl/ओवरॉटल

• Part of Speech:

• Meaning:

a) take apart (a piece of machinery or

equipment) in order to examine it and repair

it if necessary. [Verb]

b) overtake (someone), especially in a

sporting event. [Verb]

c) a thorough examination of machinery or a

system, with repairs or changes made if

necessary. [Noun]

• Synonyms: repair, improve, refurbish

• Antonyms: break down, rupture

• Use in a Sentence: The machinery needs a

complete overhaul.

25. Word: Rechristen (नया नाम दना) • Pronunciation: re-kris-uh n/रीकिसन

• Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning: give a new name to.

• Synonyms: anabaptize, rebrand, rename

• Antonyms: become obsolete, outdate, stale

• Use in a Sentence: The owner

rechristened the restaurant name.

26. Word: Laudable (परशसनीय) • Pronunciation: law-duh-buh l/ लॉिरल

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: deserving praise and

commendation.

• Synonyms: praiseworthy, commendable,

admirable

• Antonyms: disgraceful, outrageous,

undeserving

• Use in a Sentence: My father's work for

charity is highly laudable.

27. Word: Visionary (अवयाििाररक) • Pronunciation: vizh-uh-ner-ee/ववशनरी • Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

• Meaning:

a. thinking about or planning the future with

imagination or wisdom. [Adjective]

b. relating to or having the ability to see

visions in a dream or trance, or as a

supernatural apparition. [Adjective]

c. a person with original ideas about what

the future will or could be like. [Noun]

• Synonyms: inspired, imaginative, creative,

inventive, insightful

• Antonyms: practical, realistic, calculable

• Use in a Sentence: The ideas of a

visionary may seem impractical to us.

28. Word: Mere (एकमातर) • Pronunciation: meer/िीर • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: used to emphasize how small or

insignificant someone or something is.

• Synonyms: sheer, scant, utter

• Antonyms: powerful, blighted

• Use in a Sentence: It was certainly more

to than this mere opportunism.

29. Word: Cater (आिशयकताओ का धयान रखना) • Pronunciation: key-ter/िरर • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning:

a. provide people with food and drink at a

social event or other gatherings.

b. provide with what is needed or required.

• Synonyms: oblige, serve, accommodate,

receive

• Antonyms: deprive, displeased, devoid

• Use in a Sentence: Schools cater all the

needs of their children.

30. Word: Radically (आिशयक रप स) • Pronunciation: rad-ik-lee/रडिकली • Part of Speech: Adverb

• Meaning: in a thorough or fundamental

way; completely.

• Synonyms: extremely, absolutely, entirely

• Antonyms: moderately, superficially,

inconsiderably

• Use in a Sentence: The health service

must be radically reformed.

31. Word: Utter (अतयनत) • Pronunciation: uht-er/अरर • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: complete; absolute.

• Synonyms: thorough, perfect, total, sheer

• Antonyms: incomplete, uncertain, curtail,

neglect

• Use in a Sentence: The meeting was a

complete and utter waste of time.

32. Word: Fraught (वयाकल) • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Pronunciation: frawt/फरॉर • Meaning: causing or affected by anxiety or

stress.

• Synonyms: anxious, diligent

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• Antonyms: devoid, calm

• Use in a Sentence: Their marriage has

been fraught with difficulties.

33. Word: Retreat (रनरणय बदलना) • Pronunciation: ri-treet/रीरीर • Part of Speech: Verb/Noun

• Meaning:

a. an act of changing one's mind or plans as

a result of criticism or difficulty. [Noun]

b. (of an army) withdraw from enemy forces

as a result of their superior power or after a

defeat. [verb]

c. withdraw to a quiet or secluded place.

[verb]

• Synonyms: recede, depart

• Antonyms: remain, progression

• Use in a Sentence: The man made a

tactful retreat before they started arguing.

34. Word: Sanguine (विशिासपरण) • Pronunciation: sang-gwin/सगववन

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. optimistic or positive, especially in an

apparently bad or difficult situation.

• Synonyms: hopeful, confident

• Antonyms: pessimistic, unhappy

• Use in Sentence: The man tends to take a

sanguine view of the problems involved.

35. Word: Benign (दयाल) • Pronunciation: bih-nahyn/बररनाइन

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. gentle and kind.

b. (of a disease) not harmful in effect.

• Synonyms: benevolent, sympathetic

• Antonyms: hostile, malignant

• Use in a Sentence: The results of this

medicine are fairly benign.

36. Word: Notoriously (कखयात रप स) • Pronunciation: noh-tawr-ee-uh s-

lee/नोरोरीअसली • Part of Speech: Adverb

• Meaning:

a. used to emphasize that a quality or fact,

typically a bad one, is well known.

• Synonyms: terribly, prominently

• Antonyms: generously, worthily

• Use in a Sentence: The television world

was a notoriously fickle one.

37. Word: Whimsical (अदित) • Pronunciation: hwim-zi-kuh l/सहवसमपििल

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in

an appealing and amusing way.

b. acting or behaving in a capricious

manner.

• Synonyms: capricious, mischievous,

impulsive

• Antonyms: reasonable, ordinary

• Use in a Sentence: Much of his writing has

a whimsical quality.

38. Word: Flare-up (दिा) • Pronunciation: flair-up/फलर अप

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: a sudden outburst of something,

especially violence or hostility.

• Synonyms: eruption, blaze, burst

• Antonyms: silence, pause, calm

• Use in a Sentence: There has been a

flare-up of violence in that area.

39. Word: Speculative (अवयििायण) • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. engaged in, expressing, or based on

conjecture rather than knowledge.

b. (of an investment) involving a high risk of

loss.

• Pronunciation: spek-yuh-ley-tiv/सपकयलटरव

• Synonyms: risky, uncertain, tentative

• Antonyms: definite, certain, proven

• Use in a Sentence: She had a speculative

glow in her eyes.

40. Word: Hedge (रोकना) • Pronunciation: hej/रज

• Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning:

a. limit or qualify (something) by conditions

or exceptions.

• Synonyms: evade, put off

• Antonyms: expose, release

• Use in a Sentence: Buying new flat may be

a hedge against inflation.

41. Word: Disservice (कषरत) • Pronunciation: dis-sur-vis/डिससववटस

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. a harmful action.

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• Synonyms: unkindness, bad turn, ill turn,

disfavor, mischief;

• Antonyms: benevolence, benefit,

advantage

• Use in a Sentence: The man did his cause

great disservice by concealing the truth.

42. Word: Arbitrary (इचछािीन) • Pronunciation: ahr-bi-trer-ee?आबररटररी • Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: based on random choice or

personal whim, rather than any reason or

system.

• Synonyms: irrational, inconsistent, freakish

• Antonyms: reasonable, circumspect,

objective

• Use in a Sentence: Her supposition was

arbitrary, based on no valid proof.

43. Word: Leeway (िजाइश) • Pronunciation: lee-wey/ लीव • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: the amount of freedom to move

or act that is available.

• Synonyms: space, range, extent

• Antonyms: adjust, embargo, hallway

• Use in a Sentence: I have got a lot of

leeways to make up things.

44. Word: Anticipation (अगरदषटि) • Pronunciation: an-tis-uh-pey-shuh n/ऐसनगरसपशन

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. the action of anticipating something;

expectation or prediction.

• Synonyms: hope, forethought,

apprehension

• Antonyms: amazement, surprise,

astonishment

• Use in Sentence: We look forward to your

lecture with eager anticipation.

45. Word: Onset (परारि) • Pronunciation: on-set/ऑनगसर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. the beginning of something, especially

something unpleasant.

• Synonyms: start, arrival, (first)

appearance, opening

• Antonyms: conclusion, end, destination,

cessation

• Use in Sentence: Her first hit record

marked the onset of an astonishing career.

46. Word: Demarcate (रनिाणररत करना) • Pronunciation: dih-mahr-keyt/डििािर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. to mark the limits or boundaries of

something

b. separate or distinguish from.

• Synonyms: delimit, define, restrict, divide

• Antonyms: connect, join, align,

amalgamate

• Use in a Sentence: Transparency will

demarcate the value creators and

destroyers.

47. Word: Entails (क भलए आिशयक िोना) • Pronunciation: en-teyl/एनगरल

• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

• Meaning:

a. involve (something) as a necessary or

inevitable part or consequence. [Verb]

b. a limitation of the inheritance of property

to certain heirs over a number of

generations. [Noun]

• Synonyms: necessitates, requires,

demands

• Antonyms:

• Use in Sentence: This project entails a lot

of hard work.

48. Word: Perennially (रनरतर) • Pronunciation: puh-ren-ee-uh l-y/परनीअली • Part of Speech: Adverb

• Meaning:

a. in a way that continues for a long or

apparently infinite time; permanently.

• Synonyms: everlastingly, constantly

• Antonyms: never, briefly

• Use in a Sentence: We want to know what

is perennially new about the world.

49. Word: Fracas (कोलािल) • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: a noisy disagreement or

commotions

• Pronunciation: fra-cas/फरिस

• Synonyms: disturbance, quarrel, scuffle,

brawl, affray, tussle

• Antonyms: agreement, calm, harmony

• Use in a Sentence: The husband and wife

were fined by the judge for starting a fracas

in court.

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50. Word: Gamut (सार पिल) • Pronunciation: gam-uh t/गिर • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: the complete range or scope of

something.

• Synonyms: spectrum, scale, series

• Antonyms: individual, angle

• Use in a Sentence: College life opened up

a whole gamut of new experiences.

51. Word: Minuscule (बित सकषम) • Pronunciation: min-uh-skyool/मिनसकयल

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning: extremely small; tiny.

• Synonyms: diminutive, little

• Antonyms: huge, gigantic

• Use in a Sentence: The chances of getting

the disease are minuscule.

52. Word: Redressal (सिार करना) • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. Act of correcting an error or a fault or an

evil

b. A sum of money paid in compensation for

loss or injury

• Pronunciation: redress-al

• Synonyms: redress, remedy, remediation,

amends

• Antonyms: damage, blighted, wrong

• Use in a Sentence: The Manager shall keep

record of complaints and the redressal

actions by the branch.

53. Word: Extraneous (असमबदि) • Pronunciation: ik-strey-nee-uhs/एकसरनीअस

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. irrelevant or unrelated to the subject

being dealt with.

b. of external origin.

• Synonyms: irrelevant, immaterial, extrinsic

• Antonyms: appropriate, pertinent

• Use in a Sentence: We shall ignore factors

extraneous to the problem.

54. Word: Midst (मधयषसथरत) • Part of Speech: Noun, Preposition

• Pronunciation: /मिडसर • Meaning:

a. the middle part or point. [Noun]

b. in the middle of. [Preposition]

• Synonyms: amid, center, heart, mean

• Antonyms: outside, edge, border

• Use in a Sentence: The house is set in the

midst of large gardens.

55. Word: Retrograde (पररतिामी) • Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun

• Meaning:

a. directed or moving backwards. [Adjective]

b. reverting to an earlier and inferior

condition. [Adjective]

c. go back in position or time. [Noun]

• Pronunciation: re-truh-greyd/ररगरि • Synonyms: reverse, rearward, regressive,

downhill,

• Antonyms: progress, advance, modern

• Use in a Sentence: The closure of the

factories is seen as a retrograde step.

56. Word: Ire (करोि) • Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning: anger

• Pronunciation: ahyuhr/आइर • Synonyms: outrage, temper, rage, fury,

wrath

• Antonyms: happiness, calmness, amiability

• Use in a Sentence: He snares ire my

troubles as well as in my joys.

57. Word: Embolden (सािस दना) • Part of Speech: Verb

• Pronunciation: em-bohl-duh n/एमपरोलिन

• Meaning: give (someone) the courage or

confidence to do something.

• Synonyms: encourage, inspire, fortify

• Antonyms: discourage, dishearten

• Use in a Sentence: His success

emboldened him to develop his business.

58. Word: Inordinate (अतयगिक) • Pronunciation: in-awr-dn-it/इनॉिटननर

• Part of Speech: Adjective

• Meaning:

a. unusually or disproportionately large;

excessive.

b. (of a person) unrestrained in feelings or

behaviour.

• Synonyms: outrageous, exorbitant,

unreasonable

• Antonyms: perfectionist, modest, moderate

• Use in a Sentence: They spent an

inordinate quantity of time and money on

the production.

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59. Word: Vigil (जाित िोना) • Pronunciation: vij-uh l/ववजल

• Part of Speech: Noun

• Meaning:

a. wakefulness maintained for any reason

during the normal hours for sleeping.

b. a watch or a period of watchful attention

maintained at night or at other times

• Synonyms: vigilance, observance

• Antonyms: inattentiveness, sleep

• Use in a Sentence: My father told the

gatekeeper to keep vigil.

60. Word: Desist (बद कर दना) • Pronunciation: dih-zist/डिमससर • Part of Speech: Verb

• Meaning: stop doing something; cease or

abstain.

• Synonyms: abstain, refrain, forbear

• Antonyms: continue, endure, resume

• Use in a Sentence: The warriors have been

ordered to desist from shooting their rifles.

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