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7/29/2019 2004 Deer Schindler
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10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference
Coronado, CA (USA)
August 29th September 2, 2004
The Diesel Engine Powering
Light Duty Vehicles
Today and Tomorrow
K.-P. Schindler
Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislation
Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategy
ConclusionConclusionConclusion
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Energy
Greenhouse effect
CO2
Exhaust gas emissionsCO, NOx, HC, PM
Importance
Environmental driving forces of
vehicle development
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Why do we need Diesel engines?
The modern TDI
engine is ....
powerful economical
ecological
future-oriented
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
powerful
The modern TDI engine is
because it is a mature high-tech product with
high traction power high elasticity
and impressing with its
speed
acceleration
handling comfort
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]
Torq
ue[lb*ft]
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Pow
er[hp]
Touareg V10 5.0L TDI
Touareg V8 4.2L
Touareg
The TDI is powerful
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
0
50
100
150
200
250
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]
Torq
ue[lb*ft]
0
30
60
90
120
150
Power[hp]
Diesel 2.0L TDI
Gasoline 2.0L
Passat
The TDI is powerful
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
0
50
100
150
200
250
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]
Torq
ue[lb*ft]
0
30
60
90
120
150
Power[hp]
Diesel 2.0L TDI
Gasoline 2.0L
42 mpg30 mpgMileage
11.5 s13.5 sElasticity50-75 mph
130 hp(96 kW)@ 4000rpm
130 hp(96 kW)@ 5700 rpm
Max. Power
9.9 s9.9 sAcceleration0-62 mph
130 mph(208 km/h)
131 mph(210 km/h)
Max. Speed
228 lb*ft(310 Nm)@ 1900rpm
144 lb*ft(195 Nm)@ 3300 rpm
Max. Torque
Diesel 2.0L TDIGasoline 2.0L
Passat
The TDI is powerful
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
economical
The modern TDI engine is
because of
low fuel consumption extreme durability
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Jetta
highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities
35.6
20.6
54.7
37.3
46.1
29.0
Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp
-42%
-32%
urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
The TDI is economical
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp
Passat
highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities
30.520.5
52.3
39.242.0
29.4
Mileage [mpg]
-33%
-25%
urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
The TDI is economical
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Ecological
The modern TDI engine is
because
it saves the resources worldwide due to its outstandingfuel economy
it enables low environmental pollution
it contributes very little to greenhouse relevant gases
the particulate emissions have been reduced by over
90% since 1988
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
CO2 Emissions /
Greenhouse
Potential32%
Fuel consumption
N2O
CH4
Fuel distr ibution
Fuel production
Exploration & delivery
Gasoline
Passat 96 kW
Diesel
Passat 96 kW
8.5
7.0
13.8
4.6
5.3
2.9
0.6
0.1
4.7
3.9
151.0
192.0
224.9
169.5
g CO2/km
The TDI is ecological
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Why do customers in Europe purchase Diesel
engine vehicles?
TDI technology closed the gap to the gasoline engineon
Performance Noise
Emissions
TDI has increased fuel economy/reduced CO2
emissions dramatically
TDI provides lower operating costs
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
We are convinced that the TDI is a solution forfuture powertrains for light duty vehicles
Conclusion
Modern TDI Diesel technology has come a long waysince the old diesel engines of the past
The modern TDI Diesel engine is not only powerfulbut also very economical
In Europe a major progress in lowering the exhaust
gas emissions has taken place
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: Examples
Fi t Di l E i f th G lf I 1976 d l t t
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Cylinder number: 4Displacement: 1.5L
Power: 50 HP
Rotational speed: 5000 rpm
Maximum torque: 62 lb*ft (84 Nm)
Maximum speed: 87 mph
0-100 km/h: 18 sec
Consumption: 36.2 mpgCar weight: 780 kg
42.0L
140 HP
4200 rpm
236 lb*ft (320 Nm)
126 mph
9.3 sec
42.8 mpg1400 kg
First Diesel Engine for the Golf I 1976 and latest
Diesel Engine for the Golf V 2003
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW Lupo 3L TDIthe first 3 liter/100km = 78 mpg car in production
The first "3 l" vehicle in production (1999)
1.2 L TDI engine
with unit injector
61 hp (45 kW)
78 mpg (2.99
L/100km)
Euro 4 (2005)
emission standard
The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
0.3 l SDI 1cyl.
6,3 kW (8,6 hp)
0,99 l/100 km(235 mpg)
Euro 4 limits
The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility
(2001)
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
230 kW
750 Nm
V10 TDI: Strongest Diesel in Production
VW Phaeton V10 TDI
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
5.0 l TDI 10 cyl.
230 kW (313 hp)
11,4 l / 100 km (20,6 mpg)
VW Phaeton V10 TDI
Strongest Diesel in Production
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples Legislation
Legislation requirements in EU and US
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Particulates [g/mi]
0.120.14
0
USA
Tier 0
Tier 1
Tier 2 Bin5
NOx [g/mi]
0.16
0.18
0.4 0.80.6 1.20.2 1.0 1.4
2000
2005
EU
1996
2010 ?
PM orientedlegislation
NOx oriented
legislation
Legislation requirements in EU and US
Passenger cars
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
TIER 2/LEV 2 emission standard for passenger cars
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples LegislationLegislationLegislation
Future solutions
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Particulatefilter
NOx exhaust gasaftertreatment
Oxidation
catalytic
converter
Fuel
Improved internal
combustion
Building blocks of diesel development
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Unit injector in two-valve cylinder head
Four-valve cylinder head
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Four valve cylinder head
Simulation of intake flow, swirl axis
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Oxidating catalytic converter principle
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Diesel Particulate Filter - Function
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples LegislationLegislationLegislation
Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutions
Future fuel strategy
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
... to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions:
Need for better fuel quality
optimized combustion
processes efficient oxidation catalytic
converter
particulate matteraftertreatment
nitrogen oxide aftertreatment
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
US
2006
Future US
2003
EU
2003
Sulphur content
[ppm ]< 10 10 350 < 15
Polyaromaticscontent (Tri+)
[mass percent ]
< 0.5 1.0 3.0 3.0
Cetanenumber
[ - ]
> 55 53 46 < 50
Improvement of fuel quality
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Volkswagens fuel strategy
F th d l t f ICE
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Further development of ICE
Manifold
injectionDirect injection
wall guidedDirectinjectionsprayguided
Directin
jection
auto-igni
tion
Gasoline engine
Prechamber
Partlyhomogensparkignition
Highpressure
injectionDirect injection
Combined
CombustionSystem
Diesel engine
O
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?
Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples
LegislationLegislationLegislation
Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutions
Future fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategy Conclusion
C l i
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Conclusion
For the development of diesel engines we have touse leading edge technology
Main focus of the diesel engine development is an
optimised internal combustion systemto achieve theemission standards
For the LEV 2/BIN 5 limits we need:
a new combustion process an optimised aftertreatment system
a high standard of fuel quality