2004 Deer Schindler

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    10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference

    Coronado, CA (USA)

    August 29th September 2, 2004

    The Diesel Engine Powering

    Light Duty Vehicles

    Today and Tomorrow

    K.-P. Schindler

    Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislation

    Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategy

    ConclusionConclusionConclusion

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

    Energy

    Greenhouse effect

    CO2

    Exhaust gas emissionsCO, NOx, HC, PM

    Importance

    Environmental driving forces of

    vehicle development

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Why do we need Diesel engines?

    The modern TDI

    engine is ....

    powerful economical

    ecological

    future-oriented

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    powerful

    The modern TDI engine is

    because it is a mature high-tech product with

    high traction power high elasticity

    and impressing with its

    speed

    acceleration

    handling comfort

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

    Torq

    ue[lb*ft]

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    Pow

    er[hp]

    Touareg V10 5.0L TDI

    Touareg V8 4.2L

    Touareg

    The TDI is powerful

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

    Torq

    ue[lb*ft]

    0

    30

    60

    90

    120

    150

    Power[hp]

    Diesel 2.0L TDI

    Gasoline 2.0L

    Passat

    The TDI is powerful

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 [rpm]

    Torq

    ue[lb*ft]

    0

    30

    60

    90

    120

    150

    Power[hp]

    Diesel 2.0L TDI

    Gasoline 2.0L

    42 mpg30 mpgMileage

    11.5 s13.5 sElasticity50-75 mph

    130 hp(96 kW)@ 4000rpm

    130 hp(96 kW)@ 5700 rpm

    Max. Power

    9.9 s9.9 sAcceleration0-62 mph

    130 mph(208 km/h)

    131 mph(210 km/h)

    Max. Speed

    228 lb*ft(310 Nm)@ 1900rpm

    144 lb*ft(195 Nm)@ 3300 rpm

    Max. Torque

    Diesel 2.0L TDIGasoline 2.0L

    Passat

    The TDI is powerful

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    economical

    The modern TDI engine is

    because of

    low fuel consumption extreme durability

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Jetta

    highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

    35.6

    20.6

    54.7

    37.3

    46.1

    29.0

    Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp

    -42%

    -32%

    urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    The TDI is economical

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp

    Passat

    highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities

    30.520.5

    52.3

    39.242.0

    29.4

    Mileage [mpg]

    -33%

    -25%

    urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    The TDI is economical

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Ecological

    The modern TDI engine is

    because

    it saves the resources worldwide due to its outstandingfuel economy

    it enables low environmental pollution

    it contributes very little to greenhouse relevant gases

    the particulate emissions have been reduced by over

    90% since 1988

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    CO2 Emissions /

    Greenhouse

    Potential32%

    Fuel consumption

    N2O

    CH4

    Fuel distr ibution

    Fuel production

    Exploration & delivery

    Gasoline

    Passat 96 kW

    Diesel

    Passat 96 kW

    8.5

    7.0

    13.8

    4.6

    5.3

    2.9

    0.6

    0.1

    4.7

    3.9

    151.0

    192.0

    224.9

    169.5

    g CO2/km

    The TDI is ecological

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Why do customers in Europe purchase Diesel

    engine vehicles?

    TDI technology closed the gap to the gasoline engineon

    Performance Noise

    Emissions

    TDI has increased fuel economy/reduced CO2

    emissions dramatically

    TDI provides lower operating costs

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    We are convinced that the TDI is a solution forfuture powertrains for light duty vehicles

    Conclusion

    Modern TDI Diesel technology has come a long waysince the old diesel engines of the past

    The modern TDI Diesel engine is not only powerfulbut also very economical

    In Europe a major progress in lowering the exhaust

    gas emissions has taken place

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: Examples

    Fi t Di l E i f th G lf I 1976 d l t t

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Cylinder number: 4Displacement: 1.5L

    Power: 50 HP

    Rotational speed: 5000 rpm

    Maximum torque: 62 lb*ft (84 Nm)

    Maximum speed: 87 mph

    0-100 km/h: 18 sec

    Consumption: 36.2 mpgCar weight: 780 kg

    42.0L

    140 HP

    4200 rpm

    236 lb*ft (320 Nm)

    126 mph

    9.3 sec

    42.8 mpg1400 kg

    First Diesel Engine for the Golf I 1976 and latest

    Diesel Engine for the Golf V 2003

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    VW Lupo 3L TDIthe first 3 liter/100km = 78 mpg car in production

    The first "3 l" vehicle in production (1999)

    1.2 L TDI engine

    with unit injector

    61 hp (45 kW)

    78 mpg (2.99

    L/100km)

    Euro 4 (2005)

    emission standard

    The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    0.3 l SDI 1cyl.

    6,3 kW (8,6 hp)

    0,99 l/100 km(235 mpg)

    Euro 4 limits

    The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility

    (2001)

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    230 kW

    750 Nm

    V10 TDI: Strongest Diesel in Production

    VW Phaeton V10 TDI

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    5.0 l TDI 10 cyl.

    230 kW (313 hp)

    11,4 l / 100 km (20,6 mpg)

    VW Phaeton V10 TDI

    Strongest Diesel in Production

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples Legislation

    Legislation requirements in EU and US

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    0

    0.02

    0.04

    0.06

    0.08

    0.10

    Particulates [g/mi]

    0.120.14

    0

    USA

    Tier 0

    Tier 1

    Tier 2 Bin5

    NOx [g/mi]

    0.16

    0.18

    0.4 0.80.6 1.20.2 1.0 1.4

    2000

    2005

    EU

    1996

    2010 ?

    PM orientedlegislation

    NOx oriented

    legislation

    Legislation requirements in EU and US

    Passenger cars

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    TIER 2/LEV 2 emission standard for passenger cars

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples LegislationLegislationLegislation

    Future solutions

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Particulatefilter

    NOx exhaust gasaftertreatment

    Oxidation

    catalytic

    converter

    Fuel

    Improved internal

    combustion

    Building blocks of diesel development

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Unit injector in two-valve cylinder head

    Four-valve cylinder head

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Four valve cylinder head

    Simulation of intake flow, swirl axis

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Oxidating catalytic converter principle

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Diesel Particulate Filter - Function

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    VW exhaust aftertreatment systems

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples LegislationLegislationLegislation

    Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutions

    Future fuel strategy

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    ... to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions:

    Need for better fuel quality

    optimized combustion

    processes efficient oxidation catalytic

    converter

    particulate matteraftertreatment

    nitrogen oxide aftertreatment

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    US

    2006

    Future US

    2003

    EU

    2003

    Sulphur content

    [ppm ]< 10 10 350 < 15

    Polyaromaticscontent (Tri+)

    [mass percent ]

    < 0.5 1.0 3.0 3.0

    Cetanenumber

    [ - ]

    > 55 53 46 < 50

    Improvement of fuel quality

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Volkswagens fuel strategy

    F th d l t f ICE

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Further development of ICE

    Manifold

    injectionDirect injection

    wall guidedDirectinjectionsprayguided

    Directin

    jection

    auto-igni

    tion

    Gasoline engine

    Prechamber

    Partlyhomogensparkignition

    Highpressure

    injectionDirect injection

    Combined

    CombustionSystem

    Diesel engine

    O

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Outline

    Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?

    Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: Examples

    LegislationLegislationLegislation

    Future solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutions

    Future fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategy Conclusion

    C l i

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    Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles

    Conclusion

    For the development of diesel engines we have touse leading edge technology

    Main focus of the diesel engine development is an

    optimised internal combustion systemto achieve theemission standards

    For the LEV 2/BIN 5 limits we need:

    a new combustion process an optimised aftertreatment system

    a high standard of fuel quality