2009 riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb~ gamoqveynda 2004 wels `cxovreba riskiT: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis iniciativebis globaluri mimoxilvis~ farglebSi. momdevno wels 2003 2015 ww is `hiogos

კატასტროფის რისკის შემცირების ტერმინოლოგია

2009გაერთიანებული ერების ორგანიზაციის კატასტროფის შემცირების საერთაშორისო სტრატეგიის სააგენტოს

gaerTianebuli erebisorganizacia

gamocemulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) mier, Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos (SDC) finansuri mxardaWeriT.

gamoqveynebulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis katastrofis riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagentos (UNISDR) mier.Jeneva, Sveicaria, 2009 wlis maisi.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, 2009.gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis katastrofis riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagento (UNISDR), 2009.yvela ufleba daculia.

nebadarTulia winamdebare publikaciidan citatebis moyvana an misi xelaxla dabeWdva, oRond aucilebelia wyaros miTiTeba. UNISDR miesalmeba publikaciis xelaxal gamocemas da Targmnas. dokumentis gamoqveynebis an gadaTargmnis SemTxvevaSi erTi asli unda gadaegzavnos UNISDR-s.

terminologia inglisur enaze, aseve Targmani arabul, Cinur, frangul, rusul da espanur enebze xelmisawvdomia UNISDR-is vebgverdze, Semdeg misamarTze:www.unisdr.org/publications PreventionWeb-zewww.preventionweb.net

კატასტროფის რისკის შემცირების ტერმინოლოგია

2009გაერთიანებული ერების ორგანიზაციის კატასტროფის შემცირების საერთაშორისო სტრატეგიის სააგენტოს

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagentos terminologiis qarTuli Targmanis meore, gaumjobesebuli gamocemis momzadebaSi monawileoba miiRes saqarTveloSi katastrofis riskis Semcirebis sistemaSi momuSave mecnierebma, praqtikosebma, arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenlebma.

1

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis katastrofis riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagentos (UNISDR) terminologiis Seqmnisa da gamocemis mizania erTnairad iqnes gagebuli da danergili katastrofis riskis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebuli cnebebi, rac xels Seuwyobs maT erTgvarovan gamoyenebas da daexmareba katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mimarTulebiT uflebamosili pirebis, specialistebisa da sazogadoebis Zalisxmevas.

wina gamocema `terminologia: ZiriTadi terminebi katastro fis riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb~ gamoqveynda 2004 wels `cxovreba riskiT: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis iniciativebis globaluri mimoxilvis~ farglebSi. momdevno wels 20032015 wwis `hiogos samoqmedo CarCoprogramam~ moiTxova UNISDR–isgan, rom momxdariyo `katastrofis riskis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso standartuli terminologiis ganaxleba da farTod gavrceleba, sul mcire, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis yvela oficialur enaze, programuli da institucionaluri ganviTarebis, operaciebis, kvlevebis, saswavlo gegmebisa da sazogadoebis informirebis programebSi gamoyenebis mizniT~.

2009 wlis versia UNISDR–isgan momdinare ganxilvis procesisa da sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso Sexvedrebze, regionul diskusiebsa da erovnul garemoSi eqspertebsa da praqtikosebs Soris gamarTuli konsultaciebis Sedegia. terminebi TiTo winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli, yovel termins axlavs komentari, romelic ar warmoadgens gansazRvrebis nawils, magram iZleva damatebiT axsnaganmartebasa da kvalifikacias. aRsaniSnavia, rom terminebi yovelTvis ar aris erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli da SesaZloa zogjer erTmaneTic ki gadafaros.

terminologia gadaisinja. masSi Sesulia is arsebiTi sityvebi, rac aucilebelia Tanamedrove gagebisa da katastrofis riskis Semcirebis praqtikis xelSewyobisaTvis. amoRebulia sityvebi, romelTac leqsikonSi erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs.

gamocemaSi mogvyavs axladSemoRebuli cnebebi, romlebic farTod jer ar gamoiyeneba, magram nelnela mkvidrdeba profesionalur garemoSi. amgvari terminebi varskvlaviTaa aRniSnuli. maTi ganmartebebi momavalSi SeiZleba Seicvalos da daixvewos. 2009 wlis inglisurenovani versia iZleva SesaZleblobas, rom terminologiuri cnobari sxva enebzec momzaddes. Cven mivesalmebiT yvela komentarsa da SemoTavazebas, romelsac terminologiasTan dakavSirebiT gamougzavnian UNISDR-s (www.unisdr.org ).

01

adaptacia (Adaptation) ....................................................................................... 04

adreuli gafrTxilebis sistema (Early Warning System) ........................... 04

aRdgena (Recovery) ................................................................................................. 05

biologiuri safrTxe (Biological Hazard) ....................................................... 05

bunebrivi safrTxe (Natural Hazard) .................................................................. 06

gamklavebis potenciali (Coping Capacity) ................................................... 06

gamZleoba/mdgradoba (Resilience) ................................................................... 06

garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba (Environmental Impact Assessment) ...... 07

garemos degradacia (Environmental Degradation) ......................................... 07

geologiuri safrTxe (Geological Hazard) ...................................................... 08

darCenili riski (Residual Risk) ....................................................................... 08

dasaSvebi riski (Acceptable Risk) ....................................................................... 09

ekosistemis sargebeli (Ecosystem Services) ................................................. 09

El Niño –samxreTuli rxevebis fenomeni ...................................................... 10

eqstensiuri riski* (Extensive Risk) ................................................................... 10

intensiuri riski* (Intensive Risk) ..................................................................... 11

katastrofa (Disaster) .......................................................................................... 11

katastrofis potenciuri riskis marTva*

(Prospective Disaster Risk Management) ................................................................ 12

katastrofis riski (Disaster Risk) ..................................................................... 12

katasrofis riskis makoreqtirebeli marTva*

(Corrective Disaster Risk Management) .................................................................. 13

katastrofis riskis marTva (Disaster Risk Management) ........................... 13

katastrofis riskis Semcireba (Disaster Risk Reduction) ............................ 13

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma* (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan) .... 14

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platforma

(National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction) ..................................................... 15

klimatis cvlileba (Climate Change) .............................................................. 15

terminebi

02

mdgradi ganviTareba (Sustainable Development) .......................................... 16

mzadeba (Preparedness) .......................................................................................... 17

mitigacia (Serbileba) (Mitigation) .................................................................... 17

miwaTsargeblobis dagegmva (Land use Planning) .......................................... 18

mowyvladoba (Vulnerability) ................................................................................ 18

prevencia (Prevention) .......................................................................................... 19

prognozi (Forecast) ............................................................................................... 20

potenciali (Capacity) .......................................................................................... 20

potencialis ganviTareba (Capacity Development) ....................................... 20

reagireba (Response) ........................................................................................... 21

rekonstruqcia (Retrofitting) ............................................................................... 21

riski (Risk) ............................................................................................................. 22

riskis marTva (Risk Management) ...................................................................... 22

riskis transferi (Risk Transfer) ....................................................................... 23

riskis Sefaseba (Risk Assessment) ...................................................................... 24

sagangebo situaciaze reagirebis dagegmva (Contingency Planning) ........ 24

sagangebo situaciebis marTva (Emergency Management) ........................... 25

sagangebo situaciebis samsaxurebi (Emergency Services) ........................... 25

sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba (Public Awareness) .................................. 26

saTburis airebi (Greenhouse Gases) ................................................................ 26

samSeneblo kodeqsi (normebi da wesebi) (Building Codes) ........................ 26

sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis obieqtebi (Critical Facilities) ........................... 27

safrTxe (Hazard) .................................................................................................... 27

safrTxis winaSe dgoma (Exposure) ................................................................... 28

socialurbunebrivi xasiaTis safrTxe* (Socio-natural Hazard) ............. 28

struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi

(Structural and Non-structural Measures) .............................................................. 29

teqnogenuri safrTxe (Technological Hazard) ................................................. 30

hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe (Hydrometeorological Hazard) ........... 30

03

04

adaptacia

bunebrivi an adamianis mier Seqmnili sistemebis faqtob riv an mosalodnel klimatur zemoqmedebasTan an maT SedegebTan misadageba, rac SesaZlo zianis Semcirebis an xelsayreli SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva.

komentari: es ganmarteba ukavSirdeba klimatis cvlilebis problemas da SemuSavebulia `gaer Tianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvenciis~ (UNFCCC) samdivnos mier. adaptirebis ufro farTo cnebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia aseve iseTi araklimaturi faqtorebis mimarTac, rogoricaa niadagis erozia an gruntis jdena. adaptireba SesaZlebelia damoukideblad ganxorcieldes calkeul sferoSi, magaliTad, sabazro cvlilebebis an strategiisa da gegmebis mizanmimarTuli adaptaciis Sedagad. adaptaciis procesis gaumjobesebas katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mravali RonisZieba uwyobs xels.

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

adreuli gafrTxilebis sistema

SesaZleblobebis erToblioba, romelic saWiroa drouli da gasagebi (mniSvnelovani) gamafrTxilebeli informaciis Camosayalibeblad da gasavrceleblad, raTa safrTxis winaSe myof calkeul pirebs, Temebs da organizaciebs saSualeba mieceT moemzadon da Sesabamisad da droulad imoqmedon zianis an danakargis albaTobis Sesamcireblad.

komentari: es gansazRvreba moicavs mTel rig faqtorebs, romlebic saWiroa gamafrTxilebel Setyobinebebze efeqturi reagirebis misaRwevad. adamianebze orientirebuli adreuli gafrTxilebis sistema, rogorc wesi, Seicavs oTx ZiriTad elements: riskebis istorias; monitoringis, analizisa da safrTxeebis prognozirebas; gangaSis Setyobinebis da gafrxilebis gavrcelebas an komunikacias da miRebul gafrTxilebebze reagirebis adgilobriv SesaZleblobebs.

termini `gafrxilebis gamWoli sistema~ aseve xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom gafrTxilebis sistema unda moicavdes yvela safexurs safrTxis gamovlenidan Temis/sazogadoebis reagirebamde.

05

aRdgena

katastrofis Sedegad dazaralebuli sazogadoebisTvis damxmare saSualebebis da obieqtebis, saarsebo saSualebebis da sacxovrebeli pirobebis aRdgena da saWiroebisamebr gaumjobeseba, rac aseve moicavs katastrofis riskis faqtorebis Sesamcirebel Zalisxmevas.

komentari: reabilitaciisa da rekonstruqciis mizniT Casatarebeli aRdgenis faza sagangebo fazis damTavrebisTanave iwyeba da unda efuZnebodes winaswar gansazRvrul strategiebsa da politikas, romelic mkafiod gansazRvravs instituciur pasuxismgeblobebs da uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis CarTulobas. katastrofis Semdeg gazrdili sazogadoebrivi cnobierebisa da CarTulobis paralelurad aRdgenis mimdinare programebi katastrofis riskis Semcirebis zomebis ganviTarebisa da principis àRvadginoT ukeT, vidre iyo adre~ ganxorcielebis mniSvnelovan SesaZleblobas iZleva.


biologiuri safrTxe

organuli warmoSobis an biologiuri gzebiT ganpirobebuli procesi an movlena, romelic moicavs paTogenuri mikroorganizmebis, toqsinebisa da bioaqtiuri nivTierebebis imgvar zemoqmedebas, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: biologiuri safrTxeebi moicavs infeqciuri daavadebebis afeTqebebs, rac qmnis epidemiebis saSiSroebas, aseve mcenareebisa da cxovelebis dainficirebas, mwerebisa da cxovelebis infeqciebisagan gamowveul zians (invazia).

06

bunebrivi safrTxe

bunebrivi movlena an procesi, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: bunebrivi safrTxeebi aris yvela safrTxis qveklasi. es termini gamoiyeneba safrTxis Semcveli faqtobrivi movlenebis, aseve faruli safrTxis matarebeli garemoebebis gadmosacemad, romlebic momavalSi SeiZleba saxifaTo movlenebSi gadaizardos. bunebrivi safrTxis Semcveli movlenebi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes maTi simZlavriT an intensivobiT, ganviTarebis siswrafiT, moqmedebis xangrZlivobiT da gavrcelebis masStabiT. magaliTad, miwisZvra xanmoklea da, rogorc wesi, mcire teritoriaze axdens gavlenas, xolo gvalvebis ganviTareba da gaqroba neli procesia, magram xSirad vrcel teritoriebze moqmedebs. zogierT SemTxvevaSi safrTxeebi SeiZleba erTmaneTTan iyos dakavSirebuli, magaliTad, roca wyaldidobas miwisZvriT warmoqmnili cunami an qariSxali iwvevs.


gamklavebis potenciali

adamianebis, organizaciebisa da sistemebis unari, win aRudgnen da marTon arasasurveli garemoebebi, sagangebo situaciebi an katastrofebi arsebuli unarCvevebisa da resursebis gamoyenebiT.

komentari: gamklavebis unari moiTxovs uwyvet informirebulobas, resursebsa da gamarTul mmarTvelobas, rogorc Cveulebriv pirobebSi, aseve krizisebisa da araxelsayreli pirobebis warmoSobisas. gamklavebis unarebis arseboba xels uwyobs katastrofis riskis Semcirebas.


gamZleoba/mdgradoba

safrTxis winaSe mdgari sistemis, Temis an sazogadoebis unari, safrTxis SedegebiT miyenebuli

07

zianis Semdeg droulad da efeqturad SeZlos SeewinaaRmdegos, gadalaxos, gauZlos, moergos da aRdges ise, rom Tan SeinarCunos da aRadginos sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis obieqtebi da funqciebi.

komentari: mdgradoba niSnavs `Sokis daZlevis~ an `Sokidan gamosvlis~ unars. potenciuri safrTxis Semcveli elementebis mimarT Temis mdgradoba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad aqvs Tems aucilebeli resursebi da ramdenad SeuZlia mas sakuTari Tavis organizeba, rogorc saWiroebis gaCenamde, ise mis Semdeg.


garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba

dagegmvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis ganuyofeli nawili ama Tu im proeqtis an programis ekologiuri Sedegebis Sefasebis procesi, romelic am proeqtis an programis saziano zegavlenis Semcirebisa da SezRudvis mizniT tardeba.

komentari: garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba aris politikis gatarebis instrumenti, romelic koncefciis SemuSavebidan gadawyvetilebis miRebamde konkretuli saqmianobebis garemoze zemoqmedebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebis mopovebisa da analizis saSualebas iZleva. aseTi Sefasebebi xSirad gamoiyeneba erovnuli programirebisa da proeqtebis damtkicebis procesSi, aseve ganviTarebis xelSemwyob saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi. garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefaseba unda moicavdes riskebis detalur Sefasebas da warmoadgendes alternatiul midgomebsa da gamovlenili problemebis gadaWris gzebs.


garemos degradacia

socialuri da ekologiuri amocanebisa da saWiroebebis mixedviT garemos SesaZleblobebis Semcireba.

komentari: garemos degradaciam SeiZleba Secvalos bunebrivi safrTxeebis intensivoba da sixSire da gazardos mosaxleobis daucvelobis xarisxi. adamianis saqmianobiT gamowveuli degradacia

08

SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis, sadac Sedis: miwis resursebis araracionaluri gamoyeneba, niadagis dakargva da erozia, gaudabnoeba, xanZrebi auTvisebel teritoriebze, biomravalferovnebis gaqroba, tyeebis ganadgureba, mangros tyeebis gaCanageba, niadagis, wylis da haeris dabinZureba, klimatis cvlileba, okeanis donis aweva da ozonis Sris ganleva.


geologiuri safrTxe

geologiuri procesi an movlena, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: geologiuri safrTxeebi moicavs dedamiwis siRrmeSi mimdinare e.w. endogenur procesebs, miwisZvrebs, vulkanur aqtiurobas da amofrqvevas, aseve amasTan dakavSirebul egzogenur geologiur procesebs, rogoricaa gruntis masebis gravitaciuli gadaadgileba, mewyerebi, kldis CamoSla, qvaTa cvena, teqtonikuri rRvevebi, Rvarcofi. zogierTi am procesis CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili miuZRvis hidrometeorologiur faqtorebs. cunamis kategorizeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas wyalqveSa miwisZvra da sxva geologiuri movlenebi iwvevs, sakmaod rTulia. is mniSvnelovani okeanuri procesia da gansazRvrulia, rogorc sanapiro wylebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe.


darCenili riski

riski, romelic ar eqvemdebareba marTvas maSinac ki, roca katastrofis riskis Semcirebis efeqturi zomebi ukve miRebulia da misi Semdgomi gamklavebis mizniT aucilebel pirobad rCeba sagangebo reagirebisa da aRdgenisaTvis saWiro potencialis SenarCuneba.

komentari: darCenili riskis arseboba gulisxmobs efeqturi potencialis ganviTarebisa da mxardaWeris

09

mudmiv saWiroebas sagangebo situaciebis samsaxurebis mzadebis, reagirebisa da aRdgenis RonisZiebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aseve iseTi socialurekonomikuri politikis gatarebas, rogoricaa usafrTxoebis qselisa da riskis transferis meqanizmebis danergva.


dasaSvebi riski

potenciuri danakargis zRvari, romelsac sazogadoeba an adgilobrivi Temi dasaSvebad miiCnevs mocemuli socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri, kulturuli, teqnikuri da ekologiuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

komentari: sainJinro terminologiaSi termini `dasaSvebi riski~ aseve gamoiyeneba Casatarebeli struqturuli da arastruqturuli RonisZiebebis Sesafaseblad da gansasazRvrad. es Sefaseba saWiroa mosaxleobis, misi sakuTrebis, momsaxurebis da sxva sistemebisaTvis miyenebuli SesaZlo zianis dasaSveb zRvramde Sesamcireblad, im standartebisa da miRebuli praqtikis Sesabamisad, romlebic efuZneba safrTxis albaTobis Sesaxeb codnas da sxva faqtorebs.


ekosistemis sargebeli

sargebeli, romelsac ekosistemidan iReben adamianebi da sazogadoeba.

komentari: es ganmarteba modis àTaswleulis ekosistemis Sefasebidan~. ekosistemebidan miRebuli sargebeli moicavs `regulirebis momsaxurebas~, anu wyaldidobebis, gvalvis, niadagis degradaciisa da daavadebaTa regulirebas; `momaragebis momsaxurebas~, anu sakvebi produqtebiTa da wyliT momaragebas; `mxardaWeris momsaxurebas~, romelic niadagformirebasa da mkvebavi nivTierebebis cirkulirebas exeba da `kulturis momsaxurebas~, anu rekreaciul, sulier, religiur da sxva aramaterialur sargebels; miwis, wylis da sasicocxlo resursebis integrirebul marTvas, romelic xels uwyobs am resursebis dazogvasa

10

da mdgrad gamoyenebas. es ukanskneli ekosistemis SenarCunebis safuZvels warmoadgens yvelaferTan erTad, rasac katastrofis riskebis SemcirebaSi Seaqvs wvlili.


El Niño – samxreTuli rxevebis fenomeni

wynari okeanis tropikuli nawilisa da dedamiwis atmosferos kompleqsuri urTierTqmedeba, romlis Sedegadac msoflios bevr adgilas iCens Tavs saokeano da amindis pirobebis araregularuli cvlilebebi, rac xSirad mravali Tvis ganmavlobaSi axdens mniSvnelovan gavlenas da zRvis saarsebo garemos (zRvis habitatis), naleqis ganawilebis, wyaldidobebis, gvalvis, qariSxlebisa da Stormis saxecvlilebaSi aisaxeba.

komentari: èl ninio~ aris èl ninio samxreTuli rxevebis fenomenis (ENSO)~ nawili, romelic okeanis saSualoze gacilebiT maRali temperaturiT gamorCeul adgilebs exeba, vlindeba ekvadoris, perus da CrdiloeT Ciles sanapiros gaswvriv, aseve, wynari okeanis aRmosavleT ekvatorul nawilSi. rac Seexeba gamoTqmas `la ninia~, gulisxmobs sapirispiro viTarebas, anu roca SeimCneva okeanis saSualoze gacilebiT dabali temperatura. gamoTqma `samxreTuli rxevebi~ aRniSnavs atmosferuli wnevis globaluri maxasiaTeblebis Tanmxleb cvlilebebs, rac, Tavis mxriv, msoflios sxvadasxva nawilSi mimdinare amindis pirobebis cvlilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli.


eqstensiuri riski*

farTod gavrcelebuli riski, romelic ukavSiredeba daSoriSorebuli mosaxleobis winaSe arsebul ganmeorebad an mudmiv safrTxes, xasiaTdeba dabali an saSualo intensivobiT. igi xSirad mkacrad aris lokalizebuli, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios katastrofis kumulaciuri (jamuri) zegavlenis Sesusteba.

11

komentari: eqstensiuri riski ZiriTadad axasiaTebs sasoflo da urabnuli zonebis momijnave teritoriebs, romlis mosaxleobac daucvelia ganmeorebadi, lokalizebuli wyaldidobebis, mewyerebis, qariSxlis an gvalvebisagan. eqstensiuri riski xSirad asocirdeba siRaribesTan, urbanizaciasa da garemos degradaciasTan.

aseve ix. termini ìntensiuri riski~.


intensiuri riski*

riski, romelic dakavSirebulia mosaxleobisa da ekonomikuri saqmianobis didi koncentraciis adgilebSi mniSvnelovani safrTxis Semcveli movlenebis arsebobasTan, ramac SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios gamanadgurebeli katastrofa, didi msxverpliTa da materialuri danakargebiT.

komentari: intensiuri riskis arseboba ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia didi qalaqebisa da mWidrod dasaxlebuli teritoriebisTvis, romlebsac garda imisa, rom intensiuri safrTxeebi emuqrebaT, rogoricaa Zlieri miwisZvra, moqmedi vulkanebi, didi wyaldidobebi, cunamebi an qariSxlebi, aseve axasiaTebT am safrTxeebis mimarT maRali mowyvladoba. ix. aseve termini èqstensiuri riski~.


katastrofa

Temis an sazogadoebis funqcionirebis mniSvnelovani moSla, romelic moicavs farTomasStabian adamianur, materialur, ekonomikur an ekologiur danakargebs an/da zegavlenas, romelic aRemateba dazaralebuli Temis an sazogadoebis sakuTari resursebiT gamklavebis unars.

komentari: katastrofebs xSirad aRweren, rogorc Semdegi komponentebis kombinaciis Sedegs: safrTxis winaSe dgoma; mowyvladobis arsebuli maCveneblebi; SesaZlo uaryofiT SedegebTan gamklavebis an maTi SemcirebisTvis arasakmarisi potenciali da saSualebebi. katastrofis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos: adamianis sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba,

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fizikuri da fsiqologiuri janmrTelobisa Tu socialuri keTildReobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos degradacia.


katastrofis potenciuri riskis marTva

marTvis RonisZiebebi, orientirebuli katastrofis axali an mometebuli riskis ganviTarebis Tavidan acilebaze.

komentari: es termini iseTi riskebis marTvaze akeTebs aqcents, romelic SeiZleba momavalSi, riskebis Semcirebis politikis ararsebobis pirobebSi, ganviTardes. es cneba ar exeba im riskebs, romlebic ukve arsebobs da romelTa marTvaSemcireba axlaa SesaZlebeli. ix. aseve ganmarteba terminisa `katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva~.


katastrofis riski

konkretul TemSi an sazogadoebaSi perspeqtivaSi gansazRvruli drois periodSi katastrofiT gamowveuli iseTi potenciuri danakargebi, rogorebicaa adamainebis daRupva, janmrTelobis gauareseba, saarsebo wyaroebisa da materialuri saSualebebis dakargva, momsaxurebis (sazogadoebrivi) sferos moSla.

komentari: katastrofis riskis gansazRvreba katastrofebis cnebas moiazrebs, rogorc mudmivad arsebuli riskis pirobebis Sedegs. katastrofis riski potenciuri danakargebis sxvadasxva tipis komponentebisagan Sedgeba, risi raodenobrivad Sefasebac xSirad rTulia. miuxedavad amisa, upiratesi safrTxeebis Sesaxeb codnis, mosaxleobis struqturisa da misi socialurekonomikuri ganviTarebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb monacemebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia katastrofis riskebis zogadad Sefaseba da kartireba.

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katasrofis riskis makoreqtirebeli marTva*

marTviTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic mimarTulia ukve arsebuli katastrofis riskis koreqtirebaSemcirebisken.

komentari: am cnebiT gamoiyofa is gansxvaveba, romelic aris ukve arsebul riskebsa (romlebic saWiroebs dauyovnebliv reagirebasa da Semcirebas) da potenciur riskebs (romlebic SeiZleba gamovlindes momavalSi, Tu maT mimarT ar iqna gatarebuli riskis Semcirebis strategia) Soris. ix. aseve termini `perspeqtiuli riskis marTva~.


katastrofis riskis marTva

administraciuli direqtivebis, organizaciebis, samuSao unarCvevebis da SesaZleblobaTa sistematuri gamoyenebis procesi, romlis farglebSic safrTxeebis uaryofiTi zegavlenisa da katastrofis albaTobis Semcirebis mizniT xorcieldeba strategiis, politikisa da problemis gamkvlavebis gaumjobesebuli potencialis gamoyeneba.

komentari: es termini damatebiT ganmartavs `riskis marTvis~ zogad cnebas da exeba katastrofebTan dakavSirebuli riskebis konkretul sakiTxebs. katastrofis riskis marTva miznad isaxavs prevenciis, mitigaciis, mzadyofnis RonisZiebebisa da amasTan dakavSirebuli zomebis gatarebiT safrTxis uaryofiTi efeqtebis Tavidan acilebas an maTi ganviTarebis veqtoris dadebiTi mimarTulebiT Secvlas.


katastrofis riskis Semcireba

riskis Semcirebis koncefcia da praqtikuli qmedebebiT ganpirobebuli sistematuri saqmianoba, romelic xorcieldeba katastrofis gamomwvevi iseTi mizezebis analizisa da kontrolis saSualebiT, rogoricaa safrTxis winaSe aRmoCenis albaTobis Semcireba, mosaxleobisa da qonebis mowyvladobis (daucvelobis) Semcireba, miwisa da

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garemos resursebis ufro gonivruli marTva da saziano movlenebisaTvis mzadebis gaumjobeseba.

komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mimarT erTiani midgoma mocemulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis mier 2005 wels miRebul `hiogos samoqmedo CarCoprogramaSi~, romlis mosalodnel Sedegs warmoadgens `katastrofebis Sedegad mosaxleobaSi msxverplis da Temebisa da qveynebis socialuri, ekonomikuri da ekologiuri zaralis arsebiTad Semcireba~. katastrofebis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis (ISDR) sistema `hiogos samoqmedo CarCoprogramis~ ganxorcielebis mxarda saWerad gvTavazobs mTavrobebs, organizaciebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebebis aqtiur warmomadgenelTa Soris TanamSromlobis meqanizms. sainteresoa, rom, marTalia, zogjer gamoiyeneba termini `katastrofis Semcireba~, magram termini `katastrofis riskis Semcireba~ ukeTesad gadmoscems katastrofaTa riskebis xasiaTis uwyvetobasa da riskebis Sesamcireblad xelT arsebul SesaZleblobebs.


katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma

saxelisuflebo organos, dargobrivi uwyebis, organizaciis an sawarmos mier SemuSavebuli dokumenti, romelSic mocemulia katastrofis riskebis Sesamcirebeli miznebi, specifikuri amocanebi da am amocanebis gadaswyvetad saWiro aucilebeli qmedebebi.

komentari: katastrofis riskebis Semcirebis gegmis SemuSaveba unda xdebodes `hiogos CarCoprogramis~ rekomendaciebis safuZvelze da ganxiluli da koordinirebuli unda iyos ganviTarebis Sesabamisi gegmebis, resursebis ganawilebisa da programuli saqmianobis farglebSi. erovnuli gegmebi unda gansazRvravdes administraciuli marTvis TiToeuli donis valdebulebebs da misadagebuli unda iyos arsebul sxvadasxva socialur Tu geografiul garemoebasTan. gegmaSi aseve dakonkretebuli unda iyos dasaxuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis va debi, maT Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobebi da dafinansebis wyaroebi. sadac SesaZlebelia, es gegmebi dakavSirebuli unda iyos klimatis cvlilebasTan adaptaciis gegmebTan.

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katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli platforma

zogadi termini, romelic katastrofis rikis Semcirebis sferoSi erovnul doneze sakoordinacio da strategiuli xelmZRvanelobis mravaldargobriv da disciplinaTaSoris meqanizmebs aRniSnavs. igi qveynis masStabiT yvela dainteresebuli mxaris saxelmwifo struqturis, kerZo seqtoris da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobas gulisxmobs.

komentari: es gansazRvreba gamomdinareobs `hiogos CarCoprogramis~ me10 sqoliodan. katastrofis riskis SemcirebisaTvis aucilebelia sxvadasxva dargisa da organizaciis xelT arsebuli codna, SesaZlebloba da maT mier am saqmeSi Cadebuli resursebi. am organizaciebSi igulisxmeba, aseve, erovnul doneze momuSave da saTanado mandatiT aRWurvili gaeros sistemis saagentoebi. dargebis umravlesoba katastrofebis zemoqmedebas uSualod an iribad ganicdian, ufro metic, bevr maTgans katastrofebze reagirebasTan dakavSirebiT konkretuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba. erovnuli platforma, katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mizniT, yovelmxriv uzrunvelyofs qmedebebis gaZlierebas erovnul doneze. Sesabamisad, igi katastrofis riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis erovnul meqanizms warmoadgens.


klimatis cvlileba

a) klimatis cvlilebis mTavrobaTaSorisi sabWo (IPCC) klimatis cvlilebas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `klimatis mdgomareobis cvlileba, romelic ganisazRvreba (magaliTad, statistikuri analizis meSveobiT) saSualo maCveneblebSi momxdari cvli lebe biT anda misi Tvisebebis cvalebadobiT, romelic SenarCunebulia xangrZlivi periodis, Cveulebriv, aTeuli wlebis an ufro meti drois, ganmavlobaSi. klimatis cvlileba SeiZleba gamoiwvion Sida bunebrivma procesebma an gare Zalebma, an atmosferos Sedgenilobasa Tu miwaTsargeblobaSi mimdinare mudmivma anTropogenurma cvlilebebma“.

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b) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvenciis (UNFCCC) ganmartebis mixedviT: `klimatis cvlileba niSnavs klimatis cvlilebas, romelic pirdapir an arapirdapir ganpirobebulia adamianis atmosferos globaluri Semadgenlobis cvlilebis gamomwvevi saqmianobiT, da romelic aZlierebs drois SedarebiTi periodis ganmavlobaSi dakvirvebul klimatis bunebriv ryevebs~.1

komentari: konkretuli konteqstidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba orive es ganmarteba esadagebodes katastrofis riskis Semcirebis miznebs. UNFCCCis ganmarteba ufro SezRudulia, radgan is ar gulisxmobs bunebrivi mizezebiT gamowveul klimatis cvalebadobas. IPCC-is ganmarteba ufro popularul enaze Semdegnairad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: `klimatis cvalebadoba aris klimatis cvalebadobis iseTi mdgomareoba, romelic aTeuli wlebis an ufro meti drois ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs da gamowveulia bunebrivi mizezebiT an adamianis qmedebis Sedegad~.


mdgradi ganviTareba

ganviTarebis procesi, romelic Seesabameba awmyos saWiroebebs da ar SezRudavs momavali Taobebis unars, Tavad daikmayofilon sakuTari saWiroebebi.

komentari: 1987 wels brandtlendis komisiis mier SemuSavebuli gansazRvreba Zalian moklea da msoflios ganviTarebasTan da amasTan dakavSirebul socialur, ekonomikur da garemos procesebTan mimarTebiT mraval upasuxo kiTxvas tovebs. katastrofis riski asocirdeba ganviTarebis aramdgrad elementebTan, rogoricaa garemos degradacia; meore mxriv, katastrofis riskis Semcirebas SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos mdgradi ganviTarebis process SesaZlo danakargis Semcirebisa da ganviTarebis meTodebis gaumjobesebiT.

1 amonaridi konvenciis oficialurad miRebuli Targmanidan.

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mzadeba

samTavrobo struqturebis, reagirebisa da aRdgenis sakiTxebSi specializebuli organizaciebis, Temebisa da calkeuli pirebis mier codnis SeZena da SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, raTa efeqturad ganxorcieldes mosalodneli, moaxloebuli an ukve gamovlenili saxifaTo movlenebis an garemoebebis winaswar gansazRvra, maTze reagireba da aRdgena.

komentari: mzadebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba katastrofis riskis marTvis konteqstSi xorcieldeba da misi mizania yvela tipis sagangebo situaciis efeqturi marTvisaTvis saWiro potencialis gazrda da reagirebidan mdgrad aRdgenaze mowesrigebulad gadasvla. mzadeba katastrofis riskis gonivrul analizsa da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebTan efeqtur kavSirs efuZneba. amas garda, is iseT RonisZiebebs moicavs, rogoricaa sagangebo dagegmva; aRWurvilobisa da masalebis winaswar momarageba; koordinirebis, evakuaciisa da sazogadoebis informirebisaTvis, aseve amasTan dakavSirebuli swavlebebisa da savele varjiSebisaTvis saWiro meqanizmebis SemuSaveba da ganviTareba. yovelive amas formalurad unda amyarebdes instituciuri, samarTlebrivi da sabiujeto SesaZleblobebi. terminTan `mzadeba~ dakavSirebulia termini `mzadyofna~, romelic Seesabameba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamovlenili swrafi da saTanado reagirebis SesaZleblobas.


mitigacia (Serbileba)

safrTxeebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli katastrofebis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis Semcireba an SezRudva.

komentari: xSir SemTxvevaSi ver xerxdeba safrTxeebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan srulad acileba, Tumca sxvadasxva strategiisa da qmedebis meSveobiT SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad Semcirdes maTi masStabebi da simZafre. mitigaciuri zomebi moicavs sainJinro teqnologiebs, Senobebis mSeneblobas gazrdili saimedoobis uzrunvelyofiT, garemos dacviTi politikis gatarebasa da cnobierebis amaRlebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom garemos dacvis klimatis cvalebadobis strategiaSi cnebas

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`mitigacias~ sxvagvari ganmarteba aqvs da saTburis airebis gafrqvevis Semcirebas niSnavs, rac klimatis cvlilebis wyaros warmoadgens.


miwaTsargeblobis dagegmva

procesi, romelsac axorcieleben saxelmwifo uwyebebi, raTa miwaTsargeblobis mizniT moxdes sxvadasxva alternativis gamovlena, Sefaseba da gadawyvetilebis miReba. aqve gaTvaliswinebulia grZelvadiani ekonomikuri, socialuri da garemosdacviTi miznebi, sxvadasxva Temisa da interesTa jgufebisaTvis mosalodneli Sedegebi, aseve, samomavlod im gegmebis SemuSaveba da ganaxleba, romlebSic aRwerilia miwaTsargeblobis nebarTvebi an dasaSvebi meTodebi.

komentari: miwaTsargeblobis dagegmva warmoadgens mdgradi ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan komponents. igi moicavs kvlevebis Catarebasa da kartirebas; ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da safrTxis Sesaxeb monacemebis analizs, miwaTsargeblobis Sesaxeb alternatiuli gadawyvetilebebis formulirebas. administraciuli marTvis sxvadasxva doneze grZelvadiani gegmebis SemuSavebas sxvadasxva geografiuli masStabiT. miwaTsargeblobis dagegmvas SeuZlia katastrofebis Sedegebis mitigacia (Serbileba) da riskebis Semcirebac, Tuki ar dauSvebs dasaxlebebis gaCenasa da gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis obieqtebis mSeneblobas iseT adgilebSi, sadac safrTxis didi albaTobaa. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia satransporto, eleqtromomaragebis, wyalmomaragebis, kanaliza ciisa da sxva sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis momsaxurebis miwodebis marSrutebi.


mowyvladoba

Temis, sistemis an qonebis iseTi maxasiaTeblebi da garemoebebi, romlebic ganapirobeben maT daucvelobas safrTxis saziano zemoqmedebisgan.

komentari: mowyvladobis mravali aspeqti arsebobs, romlebic ganpirobebulia materialuri, socialuri,

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ekonomikuri da ekologiuri faqtorebiT. magaliTad SeiZleba gamodges SenobaTa daproeqtebisa da mSeneblobis dabali xarisxi, materialuri faseulobebis arasakmarisad daculoba, sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebisa da informirebis dabali done, oficialuri struqturebis mier riskisa da mzadyofnis zomebis mniSvnelobis arasakmarisad gaazreba, aseve, racionaluri miwaTsargeblobis meTodebis ugulebelyofa. mowyvladobis done arsebiTad gansxvavdeba Temisa da drois mixedviT. mocemuli ganmarteba mowyvladobas gansazRvravs, rogorc interesis elementis (Temis, sistemis, qonebis) maxasiaTebels, romelic safrTxisagan damoukideblad arsebobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom, Cveulebriv, es sityva gamoiyeneba ufro zogadi mniSvnelobiT da Sesabamisi elementis safrTxeze damokidebulebasac moicavs.


prevencia

safrTxeebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli katastrofebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis sruli acileba.

komentari: termini `prevencia~ (e.i. katastrofebis prevencia) gamoxatavs koncefciasa da ganzraxvas, romelic gulisxmobs, rom winaswar gatarebuli RonisZiebebiT srulad unda moxdes potenciuri uaryofiTi gavlenis Tavidan acileba. magaliTad: wyaldidobebis riskis aRmofxvris mizniT dambebis an jebirebis mSenebloba; miwaTsargeblobis normebi, romlebic krZalavs maRali riskis zonebSi raime saxis dasaxlebebis mosawyobad nebarTvebis gacemas; seismomedegi Senobanagebobebis daproeqteba, rac mocemul teritoriaze nebismieri SesaZlo miwisZvris SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis obieqtebis funqcionirebasa da SenarCunebas; Zalian xSirad SeuZlebelia danakargebi srulad iqnes Tavidan acilebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi prevencia gadaiqceva mitigaciad (Serbilebad). nawilobriv amis gamoa, rom terminebs `prevencia~ da `mitigacia~ araspecialistebi gamoiyeneben, rogorc urTierTmonacvle sityvebs.

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prognozi

gancxadeba an statistikuri Sefaseba konkretul teritoriaze raime mdgomareobis an movlenis SesaZlebeli gamovlenis Sesaxeb.

komentari: meteorologiaSi prognozi aCvenebs samomavlo mdgomareobas, xolo gafrTxileba niSnavs momavalSi potenciurad saSiS viTarebas.


potenciali

Temis, sazogadoebis an organizaciis SigniT arsebuli yvela Zlieri mxaris, damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebisa da resursis erToblioba, rac gamodgeba saerTo miznebis misaRwevad.

komentari: potenciali SeiZleba moicavdes infrastruqturas da materialur saSualebebs, uwyebebsa da organizaciebs, problemis gamklavebis sazogadoebaSi arsebul unarebs, adamianebis mier dagrovil codnas, maT unarCvevebsa da koleqtiur moqmedebaTa iseT maxasiaTeblebs, rogorebicaa: socialuri urTierTobebi, lideroba da xelmZRva neloba. potenciali aseve SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros, rogorc SesaZleblobebi. termini `potencialis Sefaseba~ aRniSnavs iseT process, romlis farglebSic ama Tu im jgufis SesaZleblobebi (potenciali) gaanalizdeba sasurvel miznebTan mimarTebiT, xolo Semdgomi qmedebebis dasaxvis mizniT gamovlindeba potencialis naklovanebebi.


potencialis ganviTareba

procesi, romlis meSveobiTac calkeuli adamianebi, organizaciebi da zogadad sazogadoeba garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi sistematurad axdenen TavianTi SesaZleblobebis waxalisebas da ganviTarebas socialuri da ekonomikuri miznebis misaRwevad, rac aseve SesaZlebelia codnis, unarCvevebis, arsebuli sistemebis da instituciebis gaumjobesebiT.

komentari: potencialis ganviTarebis koncefcia ganavrcobs termins `SesaZleblobebis zrda~,

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radgan is moicavs SesaZleblobebis (potencialis) warmoqmnisa da zrdis mudmivi SenarCunebisaTvis saWiro yvela aspeqts. es termini gulisxmobs swavlebas da sxvadasxva saxis trenings, aseve instituciebis, politikuri gaTviTcnobierebis, finansuri resursebis, teqnologiuri sistemebis ganviTarebisaken mimarTul uwyvet Zalisxmevas da ufro farTo, socialurad da kulturulad xelSemwyobi garmos Seqmnas.


reagireba

katastrofis dros an rogorc ki katastrofa moxde ba gadaudebeli daxmarebis gaweva da saxel m wi f os mxardaWera adamianebis sococxlis gadarCenis, maTi janmrTelobisaTvis miyenebuli zianis Semcirebis, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis da dazaralebuli mosaxleobisaTvis pirveladi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT.

komentari: katastrofebze reagireba, pirvel rigSi, fokusirebulia gadaudebel da moklevadian saWiroebebze da mas zogjer `katastrofis dros daxmarebas~ uwodeben. mkafio zRvari amgvar reagirebasa da Semdgom aRdgeniT etapebs Soris gansazRvruli ar aris. reagirebis farglebSi mimdinare zogierTi RonisZieba, magaliTad, droebiTi sacxovreblebis da wylis miwodebis uzrunvelyofa, SeiZleba aRdgenis etapzec gagrZeldes.


rekonstruqcia

arsebuli Senobanagebobebis gaZliereba an modernizeba, raTa ufro gamZle da mdgradi iyos damazianebeli safrTxeebis mimarT.

komentari: rekonstruqcia moiTxovs Senobanagebobebis agebulebisa da funqciis, aseve im datvirTvis gaTvaliswinebas, romlebic Tavs iCenen nagebobaze garkveuli safrTxeebis an safrTxis Semcveli sxvadasxva scenaris ganviTarebis Sedegad. aseve mxedvelobaSia misaRebi rekonstruqciis sxvadasxva variantis mizanSewoniloba da Rirebuleba.

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rekonstruqciis magaliTebia: kedlebis gaZlierebis SemTxvevaSi maTTvis sixistis wiboebis damateba, kolonebis damatebiTi armireba, gadaxurvisa da kedlis konstruqciebis SeuRlebis kvanZSi foladis damakavSirebeli elementebis damateba, fanjrebis darabebiT aRWurva, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis obieqtebisa da aRWurvilobis dacvis gaumjobeseba.


riski

movlenis albaTobisa da misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis kombinacia.

komentari: riskis es gansazRvreba Zalian axlosaa ISO/IEC-is 73e saxelmZRvanelo gansazRvrebasTan. sityva `risks~ aqvs ori gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba: farTo gagebiT aqcenti keTdeba Sansis an albaTobis cnebaze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, àvariis riski~, xolo ufro viwro specialuri gagebiT ki, rogorc wesi, xazgasmulia Sedegebi, ̀ potenciuri danakargebi~ romelime konkretuli mizezis, adgilmdebareobis an drois periodisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianebi namdvilad ar aRiqvamen erTnairad sxvadasxva riskis mniSvnelobasa da gamomwvev mizezebs.

winamdebare gamocemaSi ix. riskTan dakavSirebuli sxva terminebi: dasaSvebi riski, katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva, katastrofis riski, katastrofis riskis marTva, katastrofis riskis Semcireba, katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegmebi, mravalmxrivi riski, intensiuri riski, katastrofis riskis perspeqtiuli marTva, darCenili riski, riskis Sefaseba, riskis marTva, riskis transferi.


riskis marTva

potenciuri zianis da danakargis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT gaurkvevlobis marTvis sistemuri midgoma da praqtika.

komentari: riskis marTva moicavs riskis Sefasebas da analizs, aseve strategiebis danergvas, riskis kontrolis, Semcirebisa da transferis

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mizniT specifikuri qmedebebis ganxorcielebas. sainvesticio gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros, riskis minimumamde dayvanis mizniT, mas xSirad iyeneben organizaciebi, aseve iseTi saoperacio riskebis gasaTvaliswineblad, rogoricaa biznesis Cavardna, warmoebis gaCereba, ekologiuri ziani, bunebrivi safrTxeebiTa da xanZrebiT gamowveuli socialur sferoze zemoqmedeba da zarali. riskis marTva wyalmomaragebis, energetikisa da soflis meurneobis dargebisaTvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs warmoadgens, ramdenadac am SemTxvevaSi eqstremaluri meteorologiuri da klimaturi pirobebi uSualo zegavlenas axdens sawarmoo procesze.


riskis transferi

konkretuli riskis finansuri Sedegebis oficialurad an araoficialurad erTi mxridan meore mxares gadatanis procesi, rodesac ojaxi, Temi, sawarmo Tu saxelmwifo uwyeba katastrofis gamovlinebis Semdeg sxva mxridan iRebs im resursebs, romlebic gankuTvnili iyo am meore mxaris mimdinare Tu sakompensacio socialuri Tu finansuri sargeblisaTvis.

komentari: riskis transferis kargad cnobil formas warmoadgens dazRveva, sadac riskis finansur Sedegebs faravs mzRveveli, dazRveulis mier gadaxdili mimdinare Tanxobrivi Senatanebis sanacvlod. riskis transferi SesaZlebelia moxdes araoficialurad, ojaxsa da Tems Soris (Temis farglebSi), rodesac arsebobs urTierTdaxmarebis SesaZlebloba grantisa da kreditis saxiT. aseve riskis transferi xorcieldeba oficialurad, rodesac mTavroba, mzRvevelebi, multilateraluri bankebi, mometebuli safrTxis Semcveli sawarmoebi qmnian meqanizmebs sagangebo SemTxvevebSi mosalodneli zianis gamklavebis mxardasaWerad. aseTi meqanizmebia dazRvevisa da gadazRvevis kontraqtebi, katastrofis obligaciebi, sagangebo sakredito saSualebebi da sarezervo fondebi. am SemTxvevaSi xarjebi, Sesabamisad, premiebiT, investorTa wiliT, saprocento dividendebiT an warsulSi dagrovebuli danazogiT ifareba.

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riskis Sefaseba

meTodologia, romelic gamoiyeneba riskis xasiaTisa da masStabis gansasazRvrad potenciuri safrTxeebis analizisa da arsebuli mowyvladobis (daucvelobis) pirobebis Sefasebis gziT, romelmac SeiZleba ziani miayenos safrTxis winaSe mdgom adamianebs, qonebas, saarsebo wyaroebs da im garemos, romelzec isini arian damokidebuli.

komentari: riskis Sefaseba (da masTan dakavSirebuli riskis kartireba) moicavs: safrTxeebis teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis mimoxilvas. kerZod, adgilmdebareobas, intensivobas, sixSires da albaTobas; safrTxis xarisxisa da mowyvladobis analizs, fizikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri parametrebisa da mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis maCveneblebis CaTvliT; aseve savaraudo riskis scenarebiT savaraudo damazianebeli faqtorebis mimarT gamklavebis alternatiul da upirates SesaZleblobaTa gamovlenas da maTi efeqturobis Sefasebas. RonisZiebaTa aseT erTobliobasa da Tanmimdevrobas zogjer riskis analizis processac uwodeben.


sagangebo situaciaze reagirebis dagegmva

marTvis procesi, romlis farglebSic xdeba sazogadoebis an garemosTvis safrTxis Semcveli konkretuli potenciuri movlenebis an Seqmnili situaciebis gaanalizeba, misaRebi zomebis winaswari gansazRvra da mosamzadebeli RonisZiebebis Catareba, raTa moxdes am movlenebsa da situaciebze drouli, efeqturi da saTanado reagireba.

komentari: sagangebo situaciaze reagirebis dagegmvis Sedegia organizebuli da koordinirebuli samoqmedo gegma, romelic procesSi CarTul monawileebs saWiro dros mkafiod ganusazRvravs maT uwyebriv Tu organizaciul funqciebs da resursebs, informaciis gacvlis procesebs da operatiuli moqmedebebis sqemebs. es gegma saSualebas aZlevs procesSi CarTul monawileebs SesaZlo sagangebo situaciebisa da stiqiuri ubedurebebis scenarebis mixedviT gaiTvaliswinon, winsawar ganWvriton da gadaWran problemebi, romlebic krizisis dros

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SeiZleba warmoiSvas. sagangebo gegmebi zogadi mzadebis mniSvnelovani nawilia. unda moxdes sagangebo gegmebis sistematuri ganaxleba da maT safuZvelze swavlebebis Catareba.


sagangebo situaciebis marTva

sagangebo situaciasTan dakavSirebuli yvela aspeqtis mogvarebis mizniT valdebulebebisa da resursebis organizeba da marTva. kerZod igulisxmeba mzadyofna, reagireba da pirveli rigis gadaudebeli aRdgeniTi RonisZiebebis gatareba.

komentari: krizisi an sagangebo situacia aris safrTxis Semcveli garemoeba, romelic moiTxovs gadaudebel qmedebebs. sagangebo situaciaSi efeqturi RonisZiebebis gatarebam SesaZlebelia Tavidan agvacilos safrTxis eskalacia da katastrofad gadazrda. sagangebo situaciebis marTva gulisxmobs iseTi gegmebisa da instituciuri meqanizmebis arsebobas, rac saSualebas iZleva kompleqsurad da koordinirebulad moxdes samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo, moxaliseTa da kerZo organizaciebis CarTva da maTi Zalisxmevis mimarTva, rom sagangebo situaciisas SeiZlebodes saWiroebaTa mTel speqtrze reagireba. zogjer terminis `sagangebo situaciis marTva~ nacvlad gamoiyeneba termini `katastrofis marTva~.


sagangebo situaciebis samsaxurebi

rigi specializebuli samsaxurebisa, romlebsac sagangebo situaciebis dros adamianebisa da qonebis momsaxurebisa da dacvis gansakuTrebuli valdebulebebi da amocanebi ekisrebaT.

komentari: sagangebo situaciebis samsaxurebi Semdeg organizaciebsa da uwyebebs moicavs: samoqalaqo Tavdacvis organoebi, policia, saxanZrosamaSvelo, saswarafo samedicino daxmarebis, paramedicinis (eqimamdeli) da katastrofis medicinis samsaxurebi, wiTeli jvris da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris sazogadoebebi, eleqtromomaragebis, satransporto da kavSirgabmulobis specializebuli saavario

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danayofebi, aseve sxva, msgavsi momsaxurebiT dakavebuli organizaciebi.


sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba

sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis done katastrofebis riskis, katastrofebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis da im qmedebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic SesaZlebelia individualurad an koleqtiurad ganxorcieldes safrTxis winaSe aRmoCenis SesaZleblobisa da mowyvladobis Semcirebis mizniT.

komentari: sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobiereba katastrofis riskis Semcirebis umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria. amis miRweva SeiZleba, magaliTad, mediisa da saganmanaTleblo arxebis meSveobiT informaciis momzadebiT da gavrcelebiT, sainformacio centrebisa da qselebis daarsebiT da sazogadoebrivi RonisZiebebis organizebiT, umaRlesi sajaro oficialuri pirebisa da TemTa liderebis mier am Temebis propagandis meSveobiT.


saTburis airebi

atmosferoSi arsebuli bunebrivi da anTropogenuri warmoSobis airebis airovani komponenetebi, romlebic STanTqaven da asxiveben dedamiwis zedapiris, TviT atmosferosa da Rrublebidan gamoyofil siTbur infrawiTel radiacias.

komentari: es ganmarteba SeimuSava `klimatis cvlilebis mTavrobaTaSorisma sabWom~ (IPCC). ZiriTadi saTburis airebia (GHG): wylis orTqli, naxSirorJangi, azotis qveJangi, meTani da ozoni.


samSeneblo kodeqsi (normebi da wesebi)

normatiuli dokumentebis an instruqciebis da maTTan dakavSirebuli standartebis erToblioba, romelTa daniSnulebaa daproeqtebis, mSeneblobis, masalebis, Senobanagebobebis rekonstruqciisa da

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eqspluataciis sxvadasxva aspeqtis gakontroleba, rac aucilebelia adamianis usafrTxoebisa da keTildReobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, nagebobebis simtkicisa da mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis CaTvliT.

komentari: samSeneblo kodeqsi SeiZleba moicavdes rogorc teqnikur, ise funqciur standartebs. gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos saerTaSoriso gamocdileba da Tan unda esadagebodes erovnul da adgilobriv viTarebas. samSeneblo kodeqsis efeqturi gamoyenebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mis sistematur Sesrulebas.


sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis obieqtebi

materialuri infrastruqturis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis obieqtebi, teqnikuri nagebobebi da sistemebi, romlebsac socialuri, ekonomikuri da operatiulad funqcionirebis TvalsazrisiT sazogadoebis an TemisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvT rogorc Cveulebriv, ise sagangebo situaciebis pirobebSi.

komenatari: sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis obieqtebi warmoadgenen infrastruqturis elementebs, romlebic sazogadoebisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone momsaxureobas uzrunvelyofen. es moicavs satransporto sistemebs, aeroportebs da sazRvao portebs, eleqtro, wyalmomaragebis da kavSirgabmulobis sistemebs, saavadmyofoebsa da jandacvis obietebs, saxanZrosamaSvelo samsaxurebs, policias da sajaro administraciul samsaxurebs.


safrTxe

saxifaTo movlena, nivTiereba, adamianis qmedeba an viTareba, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT, safrTxeebi, rogorc `hiogos CarCoprogramis~ mesame sqolioSia miTiTebuli,

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aris: `bunebrivi warmoSobis safrTxeebi an masTan dakavSirebuli ekologiuri Tu teqnologiuri safrTxeebi an riskebi~. amgvari safrTxeebi sxva dasxva geologiuri, meteorologiuri, h id ro log iuri, okeanuri, biologiuri da teqnologiuri wyaroebidan warmoiSoba. amasTan gasa Tvaliswinebelia, rom zogjer safrTxe ramdenime wyaros erTdrouli moqmedebis Sedegad Cndeba. sabunebismetyvelo sferoSi safrTxeebi aRwerilia raodenobrivad, sxvadasxva teritoriaze sxvadasxva intensivobis albaTobiT, rac istoriuli monacemebis an mecnieruli analizis safuZvelzea miRebuli.

winamdebare gamocemaSi ix. safrTxesTan dakavSirebuli sxva terminebi: biologiuri safrTxe, geologiuri safrTxe, hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe, bunebrivi safrTxe, socialurbunebrivi safrTxe, teqnologiuri safrTxe.


safrTxis winaSe dgoma

safrTxis Semcvel zonaSi myofi adamianebi, qoneba, sistemebi da sxva, romlebic SeiZleba emsxverplon am viTarebas.

komentari: safrTxis winaSe yofnis sazomi SeiZleba iyos mocemul adgilas arsebuli adamianebis ricxovneba an materialuri faseulobebis saxeobebi. aqve Sedis konkretuli safrTxis winaSe mdgomi elementebis specifikuri mowyvladobac (daucveloba). yovelive es gansaxilvel teritoriaze arsebul safrTxesTan asocirebuli riskis raodenobrivi maCeveneblis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva.


socialurbunebrivi xasiaTis safrTxe*

konkretuli geologiuri da hidrome teorologiuri safrTxis Semcveli movlenebis gaxSireba. magaliTad, mewyeri, wyaldidoba, gruntis jdoma da gvalva, romlebic bunebrivi safrTxeebisa da miwis gadametebuli eqspluataciis an miwebisa da ekologiuri resursebis degradaciis urTierTqmedebiT warmoiSoba.

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komentari: es termini gamoiyeneba im garemoebaTa aRsaniSnavad, rodesac adamianebis qmedeba zrdis konkretuli safrTxis ganviTarebis albaTobas, maTi bunebrivad gaCenis albaTobasTan SedarebiT. arsebobs mtkicebuleba, rom amgvari safrTxeebidan gamomdinare katastrofaTa datvirTva (sixSire da masStabebi) sul ufro da ufro izrdeba. socialurbunebrivi xasiaTis safrTxeTa Tavidan acileba an Semcireba SesaZlebelia dedamiwisa da ekologiuri resursebis gonivruli marTviT.


struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi

struqturuli zomebia: nebismieri saxis Senobanageboba da sainJinroteqnikuri kompleqsi, romlis daniSnulebaa safrTxeTa SesaZlo zemoqmedebis Tavidan acileba an Semcireba, anda Senobanagebobebis da sistemebis saimedoobisa da mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sainJinro teqnologiebis gamoyeneba.arastruqturuli zomebia: nebismieri zoma, romelic ar aris materialuri saxis da romelic riskebisa da zegavlenaTa Semcirebis mizniT iyenebs codnas, praqtikul gamocdilebasa da SeTanxmebebs, kerZod ki, strategiebsa da kanonebs, sazogadoebis informirebulobis amaRlebas, treningebsa da codnis gavrcelebas.

komentari: katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli struqturuli zomebia kaSxlebi, dambebi, jebirebi, talRisagan damcveli barierebi da talRamWrelebi, seismomedegi Senobanagebobebi da saevakuacio damcavi nagebobebi (TavSesafrebi). saerTostandartuli xasiaTis arastruqturul zomebs ganekuTvneba: samSeneblo kodeqsebi, miwaTsargeblobis dagegmvis Sesaxeb kanonebi da maTi Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi, kvlevebi, analizi da Sefasebebi, sainformacio resursebi da sazogadoebis informirebis gazrdis programebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo da samrewvelo mSeneblobis sferoSi termini `struqturuli~ ufro SezRuduli mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba da mzid konstruqcias (struqturas) aRniSnavs, xolo datvirTvis zidvis TvalsazrisiT meorexarisxovani elementebi tixrebi, kedlis Semosva da zRudarebi arastruqturul elementebad iwodebian.

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teqnogenuri safrTxe

safrTxe, romelic warmoiqmneba teqnologiuri da industriuli pirobebidan, magaliTad, avariebis, ubeduri SemTxvevebis, saxifaTo sawarmoo procesebis, infrastruqturis moSlis an adamianis garkveuli qmedebebis gamo, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: teqnogenuri safrTxis magaliTebia: samrewvelo narCenebiT garemos dabinZureba, radioaqtiuri gamosxiveba, toqsikuri narCenebi, kaSxlebis ngreva, satransporto avariebi, afeTqebebi samrewvelo obieqtebze, xanZrebi da qimiur nivTierebaTa gaJonva garemoSi. teqnogenuri safrTxeebi aseve SeiZleba warmoiqmnas saxifaTo bunebrivi SemTxvevebis uSualo zemoqmedebis Sedegad.


hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe

atmosferuli, hidrologiuri an okeanografiuli bunebis mqone procesi an movlena, rasac SeuZlia gamoiwvios sikvdili, sxeulis dazianeba, daavadeba an janmrTelobis gauareseba, qonebrivi zarali, saarsebo wyaros dakargva da momsaxurebis sferos moSla, socialurekonomikuri sistemebis rRveva da garemos dazianeba.

komentari: hidrometeorologiur safrTxeebSi Sedis: tropikuli ciklonebi (rogoricaa taifuni da qariSxali), Weqaquxili, setyva, tornado, qarbuqi, Zlieri Tova, zvavi, wamleki talRa sanapiroebze, wyaldidoba, wyalmovardna, gvalva, xangrZlivi cxeli an civi amindebi. hidrometeorologiuri pirobebi aseve SeiZleba warmoadgendnen sxva saxis safrTxeebis gamomwvev komponentebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad: mewyerebi, xanZrebi auTvisebel teritoriebze (udabur tyeSi), kaliebis Semoseva, epidemia da SeiZleba xels uwyobdnen toqsikuri nivTierebebisa da vulkanuri amofrqvevis produqtebis gadatanasa da gavrcelebas.

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* axlaxan Semosuli cnebebi, romlebic jer farTod ar gamoiyeneba, magram TandaTan iZens profesionalur relevanturobas. amgvari terminebis ganmartebebTan dakavSirebiT didi msjeloba mimdinareobs da SeiZleba momavalSi Seicvalos kidec.

UNISDR ჟენევატელ.: +41 22 917 8908/[email protected] www.unisdr.org

UNISDR ამერიკა, პანამა[email protected] Geneva

UNISDR ოფისინიუ-იორკი[email protected]

UNISDR აზია და წყნარი ოკეანეთი,ბანკოკი[email protected]/asiapacific

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UNISDR-20-2009-Geneva

Documents

2009 riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb~ gamoqveynda 2004 wels `cxovreba riskiT: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis iniciativebis globaluri mimoxilvis~ farglebSi. momdevno wels 2003 2015 ww is `hiogos