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1979 2 11
7:4 , , " (Allah Akbar)" 22( 11 Bahman 22 ) , 11 " "
. 1
. , 1. 72. 83. 94. 95. 106. 10
. 1. 132. 163. 184. 21
. , 1. 292. 313. 314. 335. 336. 337. 358. 369. 36
10. 37
V. 1. 412. 423. 44
. 1. 532. 55
. 1. 592. 603. , 654. 685. 75
. , 1. 852. 863. 874. 895. 906. 917. 92
. - 1. 992. 1003. 1054. 1065. 1076. 1107. 111
X. 1. 1172. 1173. 1184. 120
XI. 1. 1232. 1343. 1514. 1535. 1616. 1627. 1658. 166
.
.
3
.
: (Islamic Republic of Iran)
: (4 ),
: 165 ( 7.5)
: 7,600
: (Tehran)- 850, 1,200
: , , ,
: (51%), (24%), -(8%), (7%), (3%), (2%), (2%), (2%), (1%)
: (Farsi)
: ()
: 8
: 2.11( )
: ( )
: (Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei)
: (Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad)
: (290, 4)
: 12
4
: 55, 12
: (Rial), 1$ 12,260 - 2012.5 16,500
: 3.21 3.20
: ( 3), ( 2),
: 5.5 - 3-9 4.5
. ,
. ,
7
. ,
1.
3 , . ( 25-40, 44-63)
.- , ,
8
- : 5,440km
(936km), (909km), (1,458km), (499km), (611km), (35km) (992km)
- : 2,440km( 740km )
2.
, .- (
, )- , ,
- (Ardebil)~(Khorasan)~
(Afghanistan) ,
(Alborz) (Zagros) .- , ,
(5,671m) (Mt. Damavand)
(Kavir) (Lut) .
(Orumieh) , .
(Karun), (Sefid), (Zayandeh) .
. ,
9
(424,240) , .
1/3 (Hormuz) ( : 55km) (240,000) .- , (UAE)
3 ( Abu Musa Great Tunb Lesser Tunb ) (Qeshm), (Kish)
3.
, , . - 10~30,
55, , -20C .
300-350mm(10mm-2,000mm ), 2,000mm . .- (Qanat)
.
4.
3,000-4,000 (Aryan) .-
, ,
10
(Kordestan) .- (Khuzestan)
, ,
.
5.
, , , . 11 , 1789 .
(Isfahan), (Shiraz), (Tabriz), (Mashhad) , - . 1979 (Qom) .
6.
(Zoroastrianism), 7 . 12 (Islam and the Twelve Ja'fari School) .- , ,
, , 20
(Friday Prayer) .
.
.
13
.
1.
.
(-) 3,000-4,000 2,500 . - , , , ,
, .
Scythian( ), Medes(, ), Persian(, ) .
. (B.C. 780 ~ B.C. 550)
8 (Medes) . .
621 ( ) . (Cyrus) .
. (Achaemenid) (B.C. 550~B.C. 330)
(Cyrus)
14
, , , .
, .- ,
.
(Darius) 1 , .- 1 ( )
3 (B.C. 492~480)
492 1 2 ( 490) .
1 3 (Xerxes) 4 10 .- ,
. 1 satrapsy() 20 (, satrap) . -
(postal system) 15
.
15
, , . - , bazzar, shawl, sash(), turquoise( ), orange,
lemon, melon, peach, spinach, asparagus
(Shiraz) Persepolis 23 .
. (B.C.333~B.C.330) (Seleucid) (B.C 312~B.C 247)
330 Seleucus .
. (Parthia) (B.C.247~A.D. 224)
( ) Arsaces B.C. 247 . (Mithradates) 2( 123~87) .
.
(Parthav) (Pahlavi) 1979 .
16
. (Sassan) (224~652)
(Ardashir) 224 . - 12 , ,
( )
. , , , .
, , , , . -
, .
(Ctesisphone) 200 .
2.
. (651-1037)
1 (Abu Bakr) 650 651
.
17
, . - (650~661)
(Umayyad) (661~750), (Abbasid) (750~821)
. -
, ,
, , , , , , .-
. (1037~1220)
(Abbasid) 9 .
(Seljuk) (Tughril Beg) (Isfahan) , , .
. (1220~1502)
1219 . -
18
20
-
(Chengiz Khan) (Hulagu Khan) (Il) .- (Ghazan Khan) (1295~1304) , ,
, , , ,
(Abu Said) 1335 .
3 (Choghtei) , , , . - 1405 1502
, (Rumi), (Saadi), (Jami), (Hafez) . - (Ferdowsi) (935~ ?)
3.
. (Safavid) (1502~1722)
(Ismail) 1502 (Tabriz) 652 1,000 .-
.
19
, .-
, , 3
, 1524 .
(Shah Abbas) (1587~1629) .- , , ,
. - , ,
(Nesf~e Jahan) - (Heart), (Brain),
(Qom) (Soul) -
, ,
2(1642~1666) , .-
. , , , ,
20
1736 (Nader) 220 .
(Nader Shah) , , , 1739 1747 .- 1794 (Afshar)
, (Zand) , (Qajars)
. (Qajars) (1794~1925)
(Agha Mohammad Khan)(1794~1797) (Kerman) , , 1794 . - 1796 , ,
2 (Fath Ali Shah) (1797~1834) , , 1828 19 .
4 (Naser ad Din Shah) (1848~1896) 1857 (Herat) . - (Amir Mirza Taqi Khan)
, ,
- (Amir Kabir) ,
.
21
, . - ,
, ,
1907 , , 1909 7 Shah .
1911 1 , , , 1917 1919 . - ,
1921 (Reza Khan) ,
1923 (Ahmad Shah) 1925 .
4.
. (1925~1979)
1925 (Reza Shah Pahlavi) (1925~1941) (Reza Khan) , . - 1935
-
22
. - ,
- 1936
(Reza Shah) . . -
.
1939 2 , 1941 , . - (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)
(1941-1979) , 1944
1941 , 1943 . - 2 , ,
.
23
, (Mossadeq) , .- ,
,
1953 , .-
(SAVAK)
1963 6 . - ,
, , , , ,
- , , ,
( ).
. 1970 OPEC , , , .
24
.
1976 , .- ,
1978 1 Shah , (Qom) . - (Bazaar)
1978
- 1978 9 (Jaleh) ,
1978 10 .
, 1978 12 (National Front) (Bakhtiar) .- ,
1979.1.16. .- 1979.2.1 , 2.12.
. (1979~)
1979 , .
.
25
.- ,
(IRGC : Islamic Revolution Guard Corps)
1979 12 , 1979.11.4 .
1980 1 (Bani Sadr) . -
(IRP) (Rajai) , .
- 1981 7 , (National Resistance Council) ,
, , .
1981 12 , , .
- (Shatt al-Arab) 1980 9 , .
26
- , , 1982
- 1988 8 UN 1989 6 . -
, , , 1997 (1997-2005) .
2005 6 , .
2009 6 (Green Movement) , , .
2012 3 9 .
. ,
. ,
29
. ,
1.
.
.* (Mohammed) (Quran), (Sunna, ),
(Hadiths, )
3(, , ) , (Velayt-e Faqih) 3 , .- , (Guardian Council)
. 89.7
1989 (Leadership Council) , , .
(Assembly of Experts) .- (Leadership Council) , 1
- ,
30
(Supreme Leader)
(Assembly of
Experts)
(Expediency
Council)
(Supreme National Security Council)
(Guardian Council)
(Islamic
Consultative Assembly :
Majlis)
(Executive)
(Judiciary)
(Speaker)
(President)
(Head of Judiciary)
(Permanent Committee)
(Vice
President)
(18 )
. ,
31
2. (Supreme Leader)
, , (Assembly of Experts) , , .
, , , , , , , , TV , , , , , , 3 , , .
- 1 : Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (79.3 ~ 89.6)- 2 : Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (89.6 ~ )
( )- (Panzdah Khordad Foundation)- (Martyr Foundation)- (Housing Foundation)- (Literacy Movement)- (Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution)- (Islamic Propaganda Organization)- (Land Allocation Committees)
3. (President)
, , 2. ( 4, 1 )
2/3 .
32
- 1 : (80.1-81.6) * -
- 2 : (81.7-81.8) * - 3, 4 : (81.10-89.8)- 5, 6 : (89.8-97.6)- 7, 8 : (97.6-05.6)- 9, 10 : (05.8-)
(2012.4 12), (18) , .*
(18 )- Education - Communication and Inforamtion Technology - Intelligence - Economy and Finance - Foreign Affairs- Health Medicine and Medical Education - Agricultural Jihad - Justice - Defense and Logistics - Roads and Urban Development - Science, Research and Technology - Culture and Islamic Guidance - Cooperatives, Labor and Social Affairs - Interior- Petroleum - Energy - Sport and Youth Affairs- Industrial, Mining and Trade
. ,
33
4. (Islamic Consultative Assembly : Majlis)
, 290( 4) 5 . ( 2, 1, 1, 1)* 64 10 20
, .-
* 2012.3.2 5.26 9 ,
5.
// , 1987.6 , .- , () ,
, (Political Club) (Political Party)
200 , , 2009 .
6. (Judiciary)
.
1979 , (Hadiths;
34
), , . (, )
.
1) (Head of Judiciary) : Sadegh Larijani * , 5
2) (Supreme Judicial Council)
(), 3 5 - 3
5
, , - ,
* , ,
3
.
1, , 3 , , .
.
(82.10 Islamic Punishments Act) 4 .
. ,
35
- (Hodood, ) : , , ,
- (Qessas, ) :
- (Diyat) : - (Taazirat) :
7.
. (The Assembly of Experts)
86( 8) , .* 2006.12 , 2015 2
. (The Expediency Council)
1988.2 , , , .-
, ,
Rafsanjani , 3 (, , ), (6), , 28 . * 2012.3 , 2017.4 ( 5)
. (The Guardian Council)
6
36
6 12 .- 6, 3
( ), ( ), ( ) .
8. (Supreme Council for National Security)
, , , , . - 3 , 2, , ,
, 1, , /
9.
31 (Ostan) (Bakhsh), (Shahrestan), (Dhestan) .
() ()Alborz Karaj South Khorasan BirjandArdebil Ardebil Khuzestan AhwazBushehr Bushehr Kohkiluyeh-Boyrahmad Yasuj
Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Shahr-e-Kord Kordestan SanandajEast Azarbaijan Tabriz Lorestan Khorramabad
Fars Shiraz Markazi ArakGolestan Gorgan Mazandaran Sari
Gilan Rasht Qazvin QazvinHamedan Hamedan Qom Qom
Hormozgan Bandar Abbas Semnan Semnan
. ,
37
() ()Ilam Ilam Sistan & Baluchestan Zahedan
Isfahan Isfahan Tehran TehranKerman Kerman West Azarbaijan Orumieh
Kermanshah Kermanshah Yazd YazdRazavi Khorasan Mashhad Zanjan ZanjanNorth Khorasan Bojnourd
10.
.
(1)
1979 , (theology) (democracy) .- ,
,
3 , , , , , , .
(2)
, , .- , 1979 30
38
2009 6 .- ,
* 2012.5 2009 ,
,
.
(1)
2005 , 2009.6 (Green Movement) .
2012.3 9 , 9 (2012-2016) 70% .
(2)
2009 , .-
2012.3 , (national unity) .* , (IRGC),
(deviationists), (corrupt group), (seditionists)
V.
.
41
V.
1.
.
2002 , UN NPT .
.
--- - / , , .
.
2003 () - , . * ,
.
.
42
2.
.
, .- 9.11
, , .- ,
. (WMD)
Bushehr 2011 , NPT .- NPT ,
, ,
IAEA, NPT, CTBT , BWC, CWC .- ,
,
.
,
.
43
, UN .* (opium) 89%, 41%
, 1979 3,600 , 11,000
, / .
.
1980 , - 2000 .
, , UNHCR 2002.4 886,000 , 2012.5 100 .* (1980-88) 20
, 2012.5 4
.
(936Km ) , , . * () , 19
Karzai , . -
* 2010 15, 4
44
.
, . - , -
, .
.
, , , , 5 , (1921, 1940) .* 12
, 5 20% .- ,
3.
.
, 1979 .- 1979.11
,
.
45
* 1980 ,
95.4 , 96.8 3 (ILSA : Iran Lybia Sanction Act) .
2000.2 6 , , () , 3 Albright .- ,
- , ,
, WMD
, 2001.9.11 , .- 2003.3 ,
Saddam Hussein
2002.1 Bush , ( , WMD , ) , 2002.3 7 .
, 2002 , .- 2011.12 3
46
. EU
1979 2000 , , EU WMD , , , .- 2000
, , EU
2000 1979 EU (, , , , , ) EU .
EU 2002.12 -EU (TCA) , 2003 .
, 2005.8 , EU .- 2012 EU
.
, 1979 - - .
, 2001.3 , , .* 2011 Bushehr 1,000MW
.
47
.
.
1)
, . - ,
,
, 2000.2 2000.6 .-
()
2)
, 2000.10 .- 2012.4 6 ,
, 2003 Azadegan , .
48
3)
2001.4 Vajpayee 2003.1 .
, EU .
4)
, , (909km ) .
, .
.
1)
, 99.5 , , OPEC .
2003 , , , () .- , 2011.10 (IRGC)
,
.
49
2) GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) * PGCC(Persian Gulf Cooperation Council)
, , , GCC .* UAE 2011
,
GCC .
3)
, , , .
(Arab Spring) 2011.3 , 2012.8 , , .
4)
, / .
.
50
-
(broker) , 2010.5 ( ) , 2011.1 , 2012.3 , 2012.7 .
5)
1979 1980 , .- 2011.3
* 1981
(Khaled Eslamboli), ,
.
UN, IMF, IBRD, UNCTAD, ESCAP, OPEC, WHO, FAO, ILO, G-77, UNESCO, ICAO, OIC, CCC, G-15, D-8 (WTO , ).
.
2012.5 ( ) 96, () 19 115 * ,
2011.12
, ECO, UN, UNHCR, WHO 9
.
.
53
.
1.
. : ( )
. : , 2
.
( )
54
.
- : - : , , ,
, (2)
.
, , .
, 1979 .-
( - , ) * (Quds Force) ,
.
55 ( 47, 28, 52)
12 ( 15, 3, 2)
300 ( )
30
.
55
2.
. ,
1979 , , . * 2001.3
2006 UN . * 2007 S-300 5 8
, 2010
.
.
, (Shahab-3, Kowsar ), (UAV), .
.
, , .
2011 , , , .
.
.
59
.
1.
, 2 (7,500), , ( 2/3 ), . * 10.3%(3), 18%(2)
(2010 BP Statistical Review of World Energy ), 353 (OPEC 2)- , , 4
,
, 7 , , . -
- , ( ) , , ,
1990 5 , 200520 (20 Year Outlook Plan: 2005-2025) .- 20
, , 3 , ,
- , (South
60
Pars) 2025 500 200
1990 1979 -(1980-1988) , 2004-2007 6% .- , 2008 , ,
2010-2011 1%
2005 Ahmadinejad .-
300 , ,
- , ,
, 2010 .
2.
.
2005 Ahmadinejad (2005-2007 30-40% / 1,236 ) 2007 5% , 2008
.
61
, .- , 2008 ( 110 40 )
* 2005 4.7%, 2006 5.8%, 2007 7.8%
2010 5.8% , , IMF 1% , 2010.12 (30%) .- 12.3%(
20% , 40% )
2010 , .- 2012.1 17,500-19,000 ,
40-50% , 2012.2 (4 )
- / , ,
, , , , , , , , . - , , ,
,
62
< > 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
(%) 5.8 7.8 2.3 3.0 5.8 0 ~ 1.01 GDP($) 3,476 4,318 5,139 5,331 5,593 5,218(%) 11.9 18.4 25.4 10.8 12.4 21.5
(%) 11.3 10.5 10.4 11.9 13.5 12.3(mb/d) 4.052 4.057 3.945 3.557 3.540 3.523(mb/d) 2.48 2.52 2.30 2.02 2.24 2.10 40.0 33.7 40.0 37.5 65.0 81.5
59.6 78.0 80.4 74.7 97.7 106.8(10) 64.67 84.51 86.62 69.83 86.05 95.0
(10) 11.53 13.16 14.67 17.71 22.56 NA(10) NA 21.07 13.96 13.46 12.57 13.52
: (2010.3 ), Iran's Economy(Eqtesad-e Iran, ), EIU, WB, IMF
.
1)
2007 5% , 2008 , , , 2011 0-1% .- 1 GDP 2011 $5,218 ( $12,263)
2011 21.58% , 2010.12 , 30-40% .- 2012 2 ,
2)
2011 15% 20%
.
63
.- , , 40%
,
75-125 , 45 , . - 60% 30
. - 70%
300
3)
2011 20% 1,020 , 669 .- 97% 354,
( 80% )
2011 UAE(33%), (12%), (8%), (6%), (5%), , , UAE, .- , , , , , , ,
2012.1 148(EIU) .
.
, ,
64
, .- 5 (2010-2015)
12%, 8%, 7%
2010.12 , 2010-2015 , , . - 50%
, 30% , 20% , 2011.4 80% , 20%
, , , , .- ,
,
.
, , .- , ,
*
, EU (2012.7.1)
.- ,
.
65
2013
3. ,
.
( )
2012.4 1,560 10.3% .
1974 6 , 2011.12 352 .-
, OPEC 2
2011.12 110 210 , 5.3% .
176 (28 ), 2010 , 9 ( 5-6 ) 2017 . *
- : 6,000 - : 9,500 - : 1,450 - : 7,800
2012.4 , , 2011.1 60% .
66
- , 3,500 ,
( )
2012.4 33 2 ( 18% ).- 6.3 , 4.7
, 2.4
, 60 1.7-2.2 , 8 , CNG 1.8 , 1.2 1 , 2.13 . - 2011.12 3,700 ,
(2.5-3 ) ,
, , , .
( )
( 9), ( 2), ( 1), 56 .
.
( )
,
.
67
.- ,
300 ( 10 3,000) , .- 4 5
70% ,
- , 10
, EU , , .
( )
1,000 670 .- , ,
, , .
.
, , upstream, downstream .- , CCNPC, CNOOC, SINOPEC North Pars,
South Pars, Azadeghan ,
68
, (Shell, Total) , 2008 .
, .
.
, upstream , (, CIS, ), , , , .- ,
(, ) .-
, , package
4.
.
90 5 , .
, , , 5% , , , 100% .- , , , , ,
.
69
,
, , .
.
Positive System .
(Conditional)-
-
(Prohibited)- , , , (, )
.
- 80%
- 20% ,
, ( )
70
L/C - 0%-100%
L/C
.
, HS ( :Export and Import Regulation Law(1993)).- , 9
ECO
, .- Proforma Invoice
( )
, .
.-
C&F (US$) 7,900(Rls) .- 3-5% (Banking Charge)
C&F , (Commercial Benefit Tax), , , , , .
.
71
- 1% , 0-100% (, , , )
- , , ,
.
C&F 5-25% .
P/I, , .- Green Paper Green Paper
P/I , , Green Paper .- , ,
( 1-2 )
, , Pipe , Invoice ( 5% ) .- 0.5-1%,
Invoice
72
.
, 2001 .-
L/C
-
, (ISIRI: Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran) 22 Agent 9 .* Overseas Merchandise Inspection Co.(OMIC)( :
3471-4725)
.
, .- , L/C
.
(Iranian Standard & Industrial Research) , .-
.
73
.
. ,
, , .- ,
.
, , 1-2 .- , ,
,
6 .
.
-
(Actual Weight) (Theoretical Weight) , ( : , , , , )
- , Proforma Invoice
74
( ),
, - (CKD: Completely Knock-Down)
30% ,
- 2002 CKD
20%-70% - 1995 2003.9.1
(5,500 170%)
, - , ,
(, )
.
- 100
,
- ,
51%
- (open tender) (pre-qualified)
, ,
.
75
* 80%
.
- , 500MT ,
, ,
- 1 , 3
- ,
5.
.
, 80 , .- , 2002.5
(1955.11 ) 47
1996 Kish, Qeshm, Chabahar 3 (Free Trade Zone) , 16 (Special Economic Zone) , .
76
.
, , , , . - 1996
Buy-Back , 40 Project
(2002.5 ) 25%, 35% 100% .-
( )
.
- - : 120km ,
50km , 5
- : 15%
- 15 ( 35
)- 5
.
Qeshm, Kish, Chabahar 3
.
77
- - 15 - 100% - (
60%)- - 100 - - -
.
(Organization for Investment, Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran) * : , ( ), (Project
Summary), ( )
(Foreign Investment Board: )
( , , , , / , , ) ( ) (4 , 6 )
78
.
- 1 3 - : 1,
3- : , , , ,
- 1 3 - 1() 2()
- - 30%( 7%, 23% )
-
- ,
,
.
-
- BUY-BACK BOT
.
79
- ,
-
, ( , 3 , )
,
- 3 : -
Buy-back
,
.
.
( 23%, 7% 30%) , .
. ,
, - (branch) (representative office)
, (Law Authorizing Registration of
80
Branch or Representative Office of Foreign Companies in Iran, 1999.3.31 )
-
- , ( )- , - - , ( , ,
, , )
, .
. ( )
1) IT
ISP Internet (20 ) , .
2)
, .
, , , , , , .
.
81
3)
, , , .
, , , .
4)
85% .
.- , , ,
. ,
. ,
85
. ,
1.
.
1980 , 1990 1993 . - 1980 3.28%(1986 3.91% ),
1996 1.47% * 2011 1.2%-1.6% , 2011
7,627 ( 70% )
2010 (15-64) 31.5%(2,420), 25% . - , 1980 2/3 35
.
1980 (30 ) 60% 2 .
1979 , * : 1,000 62.7('90) 32.7('00) 17.5('10)* : 63.1(90) 67.6(00) 69.0(10) ( 72)
86
, , , .
2.
.
- 5 (6 )- 3- 4 ( ,
, )- 4 ( 2)
9 6 , 3 -, 6 -9 3 .
, .- 1980 (Literacy Movement)
, - ,
,
-
. (10 )
(Tehran University, )
(Shahid Beheshti University, )
. ,
87
(Iran University of Science & Technology, )
(Sharif University of Technology, )
(Isfahan University, )
(Isfahan University of Technology, )
(Isfahan University of Medical Science, )
(Shiraz University, )
(Ferdowsi University, )
(Tabriz University, )
.
, , (2012.12 ), , , , .
(- ) , .
3.
.
1979 88 (1980-1988) 1997 1999 1,155 .
(2005-)
88
, 2009 .- ,
,
.
Iran Daily () Mr. Mohammad Reza Erfanian () www.iran-daily.com
Tehran Times() Mr. Reza Moghadasi www.tehrantimes.comIran News() Mr. Majid Aqazadeh www.irannewsdaily.comKayhan International () Mr. Hamid Najafi www.kayhanintl.com
Iran() Mr. Mosib Naeimi () www.Ira-newspaper.com
Resalat() Mr. Morteza Nabavi www.resalat-news.comShargh() Mr. Mehdi Rahmanian www.sharghnewspaper.irEttellat International( & ) Mr. Seyyed Mahmoud Doa'ie www.ettelaat.com
Hamshahri() Mr. Morteza Alviri www.hamshahrionline.ir
.
IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency)- , , 24
(www.irna.com)- , AFP 30
.
IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting)
. ,
89
- 7 (www.irib.com)- CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 , CH5 , CH6
, CH7
Jam-e-Jam and Sahar TV Networks- , ,
4.
.
, 98.8% (), .- 91% , 7.8% ,
(Zoroastrianism)
, 7 , 16 .
.
(Mohammad) (Caliph) (Ali Ibn Abi Talib) (Shiah : ) , (Sunni : ) .
.
(Sagatoleslam), (Hojjatolesslam), (Ayatollah) , (Mujtahid)
90
- (Ayatollah) Grand Ayatollah , Khomeini (1989 ), Montazeri (2009 ), Golpayegani(2012 94) , Sistani
.
, , , . -
, , ,
, .- ,
,
5.
, , (Silk Road) , - , .
, 90% , .- , ,
, ()
20 , ( ), 1979
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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102
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4,596,721 15.2 5,743,636 38.9
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104
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108
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. -
109
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110
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112
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Sharake West, Tehran- : (98-21) 8869-8009- FAX : (98-21) 8856-1152
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- : No.47, West Farzan Aly, Africa Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 8879-5042~4
. -
113
- FAX : (98-21) 8879-5045
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- : No.215, East Jafar Ave, Modarres Exp, Tehran- : (98-21) 2290-8478~9- FAX : (98-21) 2290-5100
SK Network- : No.215, Shahid Dasgerdi St, Modarres Exp, Tehran- : (98-21) 2290-8482- FAX : (98-21) 2290-2594
STX- : No.5, Sayeh building, Valiasr Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2204-3401~2- FAX : (98-21) 2204-3602
GS - : No 1471, Valiasr St, Parvin Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2202-9583- FAX : (98-21) 2202-9582
LG - : No 53, Zafar St, Shariati Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2227-7063- FAX : (98-21) 2227-7067
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114
- : No.23, Rahimi Aly, Valiasr Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2205-8824- FAX : (98-21) 2205-8672
- : Hakim Sadr Building, Bisheh Habib, Vila Aly, Motahari St,
Isfahan- : (98-311) 234-8091- FAX : (98-311) 234-8981
- : Sayeh Building, Valiasr Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2201-9816~9- FAX : (98-21) 2201-9820
KCC - : Melat Building, Sedaghat St, Valiasr Ave, Tehran
- : (98-21) 2205-2735~6- FAX : (98-21) 2205-6111
KT&G- : No.69, Reza Building, Bosnia-herzegovina St, Fereshteh St,
Valiasr Ave, Tehran- : (98-21) 2620-0901~5- FAX : (98-21) 2620-0906
- : No.17, East of Jahan Koodak Crossroad, Haghani Exp, Tehran- : (98-21) 8888-4307- FAX : (98-21) 8888-4308
(KOTRA)- : No.18, 12th Aly, Velenjak, Tehran
- : (98-21) 2217-4005~7- FAX : (98-21) 2241-2518
X.
.
117
X.
1.
1973. 4. 1974. 3. 1974. 4. Abbas Aram 2008. 2. Morteza Moradiam 2010. 6.
2.
1980-88 26 .-
,
.- , ,
, .- WMD 2003 (PSI:
Proliferation Security Initiative) * 1 (2010)
118
3.
( )
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.
119
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( )
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120
94. 01. Mottaki 96. 07. Bolandinyan () 97. 11. Ahmadzad Sari 99. 02. Aminzadeh 07. 01. Safari 08. 11. Akbari 10. 04. Fatolahi 10. 06. Fanahi 12. 07. Araghchi
4.
(74.9) (75.3) (81.8) (82.1) (86.8) (89.12) (90.11) (91.7) (95.5) (96.11) (07.7) (10.4) (10.9) MOU(10.11)
XI.
XI.
123
XI.
1.
77. 11. Tehran
78. 02. Tabriz 08. (9.8 ) 10. Khomeini 11.
- Khomeini 12. Ashura (200
)
79. 01.06 ( ) 01.05 , 01.12 (Council of Islamic Revolution) 02.01 Khomenei 02.05 02.11 , () 02.18 (The Islamic Republic Party) 03.05 CENTO 04.01 ( ) 11.04 11.06 12.2-3 (98% )
80. 01.25 1 , Bani Sadr 04.07 , 05.28 ( 70% ) 07.18 07.27 ,
124
08.11 (Ali Rajai )09.22 -
81. 01.20 06.22 Bani Sadr, 06.28
( Beheshti 70 ) 07.24 2 Ali Rajai 08.29 (Ali Rajai , Bahonar
) 10.02 3 Khamenei 11.10
82. 04.03 Beit-ul-Moqaddas , Khorramshar 09.10 09.15 Qot-bzadeh ,
83. 05.02 Tudeh (), 08.16 4 , Khamenei 10.03 Musavi 11.16 , Montazeri
86. 10.08 1
87. 1.9-3.8 Basra 02. , 79-85
7000 06.02 Khomeini, 06.16 07.17 - 07.31 ( 400) 08.01 , 09.08 , 10.10 ,
XI.
125
10.26 , - 1,500
88. 02.06 Khomeini, (Expediency Council)
03.03 , 04.08 3 07.18 UN 598 08.20 - 09.11 Khomeini ,
89. 02.14 Khomeini, Rushdie 03.07 - 03.27 Montazeri, 06.03 Khomeini 06.04 Khamenei ( 74
60 ) 07.28 5 08.08 Karroubi 09.13 - 10.08 Rafsanjani
90. 01.09 1 5 01.17 Basij , (IRGC) 02.16 Tehran (100 ) 03.13 Azari Qomi Kharroubi
05.19 Rafsanjani 06.13 , 06.21 Gilan Zanjan (5 ) 08.15 , - 09.09 , - 09.27 - 10.15 -
126
91. 01.15 03.19 - 03.25 - 08.08 (), - 09.27 Khamenei , 12.22 -
92. 02.16 5 (ECO) 04. , (MKO) 06.04 Nateq Noori 07.16 Khatami 07.10 Khomeini
93. 04. 05. 06. 11. 6 Rafsanjani 11. (Ardakan )
94. 02.01 Rafsanjani 02. Zahedan 04. - Karabach
- - 04. , 04. ( 200) Rescheduling
05. - 06.20 Iman Reza 07. , Hamedan 08. Qazvin , 10. (134) 11.30 Araki
- Khamenei
95. 04. Karun - 3, 4
XI.
127
04. Islam Shahr 05. , 10.
96. 01. Abu Musa 02. (190),
03. 5 03. , MYKONOS Fallahiyan
05.12 - 06. Al-Khobar 06. , 08. D'Amato 09. , ( )
- 09. --,
09. (CTBT) 09. 3 10.
- , (96. 9) 10. 2 11. , -
97. 01. VOA, 01. , 250 02. 02. (, ) 02. (National Council of Resistance) 04. , MYKONOS 05. 05.03 7 , Khatami 05. (CWC)
128
07. Khamenei 08. , 09. , (MKO) 10. , MKO 30 , 12.9-10 8 (OIC) ()
98. 01.07 Khatami - 04.19 , Rafsanjani 06.17 Albright , Asia Society
08.02 Khatami , 08. 5 09. Khatami 53 UN 11. UN , Khatami 2001
99. 02.26 04. 13 07.
00. 02.18 6 03.12 Hajjarian 04.14 Khamenei ,
04.18 , 05.03 Karroubi 08.20 Khatami ,
01. 05.06 Sari Motaqi 05.17 Dadman
7 06.08 8
02. 03.16 Rafsanjani 29
XI.
129
07.09 Taheri ( )
07.19 (IIPF : Islamic Iran Participation Front, ) Mohammad Khatami (Khatami )
08. (NCR : National Council of Resistance), 2 IAEA
09.13
11.06 Hamedan , Aghajai ( )-
11.10 11.11 - 12.23 (Antonov-140) 12. (ISIS),
03. 01.20 Malek-Madani ( )
01.28 Montazeri 02.09 Khatami ,
IAEA 02.14 Aghajari 02.19 Kerman 276 02.28 , ( 49%,
13% ) 03.03 9
- Meshkini , Rafsanjani 1, Amini 2
04.01 , ( )
05.09 , (
130
) 06.10 ,
07.21 Shahab-3 08.17 ,
08.23 Moin (
) 09.02 , 10.10 Shirin Ebadi (),
10.21 -EU 3(//),
(Tehran Agreed Statement)
04. 02.20 7 04.13 Khatami , 04.18 Khorasan 3(Northern Khorasan,
Southern Khorasan Razavi Khorasan) - 28 30
05.27 7 08.11 Shahab-3 10.03 , Ahmad Khorram 10.20 Shahab-3 11.15 -EU 3(//),
(Iran-EU Nuclear Agreement )
05. 04.15 05.16 , 06.14 06.17 9 06.24 9 (Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
) 08.01 , 08.03 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 9
XI.
131
08.05 EU 3(//) 08.08 , EU
09.24 Mottaki , IAEA
10.01 Khamenei , 3(, , )
10.26 Ahmadinejad , (Israel should
be wiped off the map) 11.06 Ahmadinejad ,
11.14 Khamenei ,
06. 01.19 ( Falcon Jet plane) - Ahmad Kazemi 12
01.24 02. IAEA , UN
(GOV/2006/14) - (AP) IAEA
, 03.16 , 03.29 UN , IAEA
04.11 Ahmadinejad , 3.5%
04.14-16 , 04.19 ,
06.06 Solana EU , P5+1(
5 +) 07.31 UN , 1696 08.22 , EU P5+1
132
09 Larijani -Solana EU
12.23 1737
07. 02.14 Zahedan, 03.23 UN , 1747 03.28 15 05. 3, 05.28 - (1 ) 06.18 (Qom) 5.9 06.27 07.24 - (2 ) 09.3-4 (NAM) 12.02
08. 03.03 1803 03.14 8 06.01 06.13 EU3+3, "incentive package"
- , 5 package proposal" EU3+3
06. EU3+3 11.26 (Kavosh-) 12.08 12.21 , Sirin Ebadi(2003
) Human Rights Defender Center'
09. 02 , () 04 EU3+3,
04.23-24 70 06.12 , 06
(Green Movement)
XI.
133
- 08.15 Sadegh Larijani 09.09 , EU3+3
10.01 EU3+3 10.21 , , , (LEU)
3 ( ) 12. ,
(Manama Dialogue) 12.16 2,200km Sejil-
10. 01.28 , 02. (Kavoshgar-) 02.07 , (TRR)
05.20 -- (TRR)
( )-
07.25 Zahenda ( ) 12.6-7 EU3+3 12.19 ( )
11. 01. EU3+3 02. 06.15 , ( 1) 09.12 10.11 , 11.08 (PMD)
IAEA 11.29 , 12 12.31 , ( )
134
12. 01.09 - Alaei ,
01.23 EU, ( ,
) 03.02 9 03.14 , 04.14 EU3+3
2.
84.
85. 6 Rafsanjani , ,
90. 9 Aziz 11 Velayati
91. 4 Rafsanjani 4 Karroubi 7 10
92. 6 Rafsanjani , * ,
93. 1 Shevadnardz 2 Mugabe 7 Rafsanjani (2 ECO )8 Hekmatyar 9 Rao 10 Rafsanjani , ,
, , 10 Velayati
XI.
135
11 Suharto 12 Buhtto
94. 1 Niyazov 2 Velayati , , , 3 4 Velayati , , , 4 Velayati , 5 Lee Duc Ann 5 Velayati () 5 Kostikov 5 Tereshenkov 6 Niyazov ()6 Velayati (NAM )6 Demirel 9 Habibi 9 Leghari 10 Rafsanjani , , 11 Rafsanjani 11 Nateq - Nouri ,
95. 2 4 Rafsanjani 4 Velayati
96. 1 1 Velayati , 1 Velayati 1 Hashemi 1 Niyazov 1 Chgeneh 1 Museveni 2 Lafraei 2 Habibi
136
3 Velayati 3 Muratovic 3 Rabbani 3 Velayati , , 4 Nzo 4 Velayati , 5 Velayati (1 - )5 Rafsanjani
(4 ECO )6 Velayati 6 Velayati 7 Leng Savat 7 Niyazov 7 Merghi shivili 7 Mudenge 7 Hamad 7 Habiabi 8 Erbakan 8 Forovzandeh 8 Esmail 8 Zoubi 8 Velayati 8 Panghalos 8 Azad 8 Shara 9 Rafsanjani 6(, , ,
, , ) 9 Velayati (ECO )9 Kabbah 11 Habibi 1 ( )11 11 Velayati 11 Camaro
XI.
137
11 Yousefi 11 (4 . )12 Rafsanjani 12 Primakov
97. 1 Khaddam (9 . )1 Rabbani 2 Habibi 2 Gujral 3 Velayati 3 Velayati 3 Velayati 3 Rafsanjani (OIC )3 Velayati , , UAE, 4 Nateq - Nouri 5 Rafsanjani , 6 Sharif 6 Rafsanjani (1 D-8 )7 Assad 9 Hamad 9 Verri 12 Velayati
(, , 3 )12 Hariri
12. Khatmai
98. 6 Kharrazi 7 Prodi 8 Vedrine 9 Khatami 53 UN 11 UN , Khatami 2001
99. 1
138
2 Kharazi 3 Khatami 4 Nzo 4 Saud 5 - 5 Khatami , , 7 Nong Duc Manh 8 9 Klestil 10 Stephanopoulos 10 Khatami 10 Nateq-Nouri 11 Kharazi
00. 1 Kharazi 1 Rogue 2 3 Dini 3 Fisher 3 Siazon 4 Emile Lahoud 4 Alavi Shahab 5 Singh 5 Aarsten 6 Wahid 6 Khatami 7 Khatami 7 Hamad 7 Downer 8 Arafat PLO 8 Chaves 9 - 10 Al-Faisal 10 Kharazi
XI.
139
10 Aznar 10 Khatami
01. 1 Hu Jintao 1 Obasanjo 1 Kharazi 1 Youssoufi 1 Bashar Al-Assad 1 Kharazi 2 Amato 2 Kharazi 3 Kharazi 3 Khatami 4 Martonyi 4 Vajpayee 4 Ghannouchi 4 5 Castro 5 Chaves 6 Mesic 9 Straw 10 Manly 11 Straw
02. 3 Khatami , 3 Nazarov 3 Khvostov 3 Abdullah 4 Kharrazi 4 Ismail 4 Petersen 4 Aref 1
- 2 4 Kharrazi ,
140
4 Loverdos 4 Lindh 4 4 Mehr-Alizadeh 4 Khatami , , ,
, 5 - 5 Ashkhabad
4 Scheibner 5 Kawaguchi 5 Kharrazi 5 Kaparo 5 Aliyev 5 Kharrazi ( )5 Dubina 1 5 Amadou
* (2002.4.21)5 UAE Hamadan 5 Polfer 6 al-Khorafi 6 Michel 6 Sezer 6 Karroubi , , 6 Kharrazi ,
- 29 Khartoum OIC 7 Kharrazi 7 Kharrazi 7 Khatami 7 al-Kurbi 7 EU Solana 8 al-Faisal 8 Mudenge 8 Abdullah 8 Khatami
XI.
141
8 Hamad 8 Gurel 9 Khatami 9 Aminzadeh 9 al-Hamad 9 Karroubi , , 10 Koroma 10 Khatami 1 10 Straw 10 Pahad 10 Khatami ,
- ECO 10 al-Imari 10 Sibal 10 - () 10 Tran Duc Luong 10 Panou 10 Deiss 10 Khatami 11 de Venecia 11 Vilen
- - 11 5 -- 3
()11 Kharrazi EU, , 12 Kharrazi , 12 Karroubi , 12 Kharrazi 12 Khatami 12 Miro 12 Hassanov 12 Thani
142
03. 1 Kharrazi 1 al-Shara 1 Yusupov 1 Kharrazi , 1 Abdullah 1 al-Sabah 1 Geoana 1 Tuomija 1 Aminzadeh 1 Ople 1 Komilov 1 Kharrazi 1 Khatami 1 Kharrazi 2 EU Patten 2 Aref 1 2 Kharrazi 2 Kharrazi 2 Khatami (13
)3 Karroubi , 3 - ()3 Aitmatov 3 Niyazov 3 Ivanov 3 al-Assad 3 Kharrazi , 4 Palacio 4 Kharrazi 4 O'Brien 4 Palacio 4 Aref 1 4 Kharrazi , ,
XI.
143
5 Kharrazi , 5 Khatami , 5 Loos 5 Picula 5 Kharrazi ( )5 Downer 5 Cimoszewicz 5 Dehan 5 - Aref 1 Erdogan
6 Kharrazi ,
- ECO 6 al-Faisal 6 Okamoto 6 Rahmonov 6 Mirdamadi EU 6 Kharrazi 6 Karimov , Karzai
- 3 5
6 Tanayev 6 Yahia 6 Straw 7 Taha 1 7 Shroudi 7 Fernando 7 Zlenko 7 Kharrazi 7 Iacovou 7 Kalala 7 Kasha (7 )7 Pahad 8 Kharrazi , , ,
144
8 Kosmo 8 EU Solana 8 Szmajdzinski 9 Kharrazi 9 Abdullah II 9 Gadio 9 Kharrazi , , 9 Kharrazi 9 Khaddam 10 Touzman
04. 2 Kharrazi CD 2 Kharrazi
4 Kharrazi , ,
4 ElBaradei IAEA 5 Kharrazi , , 5 Kharrazi , 5 Kharrazi 9 Khatami , 10 Sergei Lavrov 10 Pierre Goldschmidt IAEA 10 Zanganeh (Yadavaran
)11 Farouk al-Shara 11 Kharrazi ( PA
) 12 Kharrazi , 12 Kharrazi 12 Farouk Qadoumi Fatah
05. 1 Khatami 7(, , , , , , )
XI.
145
1 Ilkham Aliyev 2 Abdul Rahim Murad 2 Naji al-Otari 2 Shaukat Aziz 3 Khatami 4 Kharrazi 4 Per Stig Moeller 4 Walid Jumblatt 4 Sheikh Aba al-Amir Qabalam
7 Sadum al-Dulaymi 7 Ibrahim al-Jaafari 8 Hassan Nasrallah 8 Bashar Assad 8 Sheikh Mohammad al-Sabah 9 Natwar Singh 11 Mottaki 11 Mowaffig al-Rubaei 11 Jalal Talabani 11 Ivanov NAM Troika(
, , )
06. 2 Khaled Mashaal ( ) 5 Mottaki 5 Hamid Karazi 9 Nuri al-Malaki 10 Mottaki 11 Jalal Talabani
07. 2 Ahmadinejad 3 Ahmadinejad 3 Ahmadinejad , 3 Ali Othman Muhammad Taha 5 Ahmadinejad
146
6 Daniel Ortega 7 Hugo Chavez 7 Ahmadinejad 8 Ahmadinejad 8 Ahmadinejad , ,
(8.16 (SCO) )
8 Ahmadinejad 9 Ahmadinejad 62 UN 9 Ahmadinejad , 10 Ilham Aliyev , Vladimir Putin
, Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov , Nursultan Nazarbayev ( )
10 Ahmadinejad 11 Mahinda Rajapakse 11 Ahmadinejad ,
- OPEC 12 Ahmadinejad (
GCC )12 Ahmadinejad ( )
08. 3 Ahmadinejad - 1979
3 Ahmadinejad (11 OIC
)3 Susilo Bambang Yudhyono 4 Fahd bin Mahmoud al-Said 4 Ahmadinejad , , 6 Ahmadinejad
- UN 7 Ahmadinejad
- 6 D-8(Eight Islamic Developing Countries)
XI.
147
8 Abdelaziz Bouteflika 8 Ahmadinejad 8 Ahmadinejad (SCO
)9 Evo Morales 9 Ahmadinejad 63 UN 11 Ahmadinejad (UN )12 Rafael Correa Delgado 12 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
09. 1 Rahimi 1 Saeedikia 2 Hugo Chavez 2 Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
2 Ghazi Zoayter 2 Sheikh Khalid Bin Ahmad al-Khalifa
2 Jalal Talabani 3 Binali Yildirim 3 Hirofumi Nakasone 3 Chen Jian 4 Ahmadinejad
- (Durban 2) 5 Ahmadinejad 6 Ahmadinejad (SCO )6 Khalil al-Marzouq 9 Ahmet Davutoglu 9 Hovik Abrahamyan 9 Ayad Al-Samarrae 9 Ahmadinejad 64 UN 10 A. J. Rashid 10 Recep Tayyip Erdogan
148
11 Nicholas Maduro 11 Ahmadinejad (OIC )11 Sheikh Nasser Mohammad al-Ahmad al-Sabah
11 Ahmadinejad , , ,
, 11 Sergey Ivanovich Shmatko
- 8 - 12 Karim Wahid Hassan 12 Ahmadinejad ( )12 Barham Salih
10. 1 Ahmadinejad , 1 Mottaki 1 Yusuf Bin Alawi Bin Abdullah 2 Mottaki (21 -
)2 Ertugrul Gunay 2 Ahmadinejad 3 Mottaki 3 Ahmadinejad 3 Mottaki , , , 4 Ahmadinejad , 5 Ahmadinejad NPT ()5 S. M. Krishna 5 G-15 5 Luiz Inacio Lula 6 Ahmadinejad (CICA )6 Ahmadinejad ( )6 Ahmadinejad ( Expo )7 Ahmadinejad 8 Hamid Karzai 9 Ahmadinejad 9 Ahmadinejad , , (65 UN
XI.
149
) 10 Nuri al-Maliki 10 Hugo Chavez 10 Ahmadinejad 10 Evo Morales 11 Saad Hariri 11 Ahmadinejad 11 Ahmed Ouyahia
11. 2 Abdullah Gul 2 Guido Westerwelle 2 Raila Amolo Odinga 3 Wahid Al-Muallem 3 Ali al-Shami 3 Kamal Hassan Ali 4 Rehman 5 Ali Akbar Salehi , , UAE 5 Ahmadinejad (4 UN
)6 Ahmadinejad (SCO )7 Ahmet Davutoglu 7 Asif Ali Zardani 9 Ahmadinejad 9 Ahmadinejad 66 UN 9 Ahmadinejad , 10 Yerzhan Kazykhanov 12 Utoni Nujoma 12 Ahmadinejad
12. 1 Ahmadinejad , , ,
1 Ali Akbar Salehi 1 Ismail Haniyeh 2 Ahmadinejad (--
150
3 )2 Ali Akbar Salehi (19
)3 Ali Akbar Salehi , 3 Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa
3 Safar Abiyev 3 Mahmoud al-Zahar 3 Recep Tayyip Erdogan 3 Ali Akbar Salehi 3 Ahmadinejad (3
)4 Nouri al-Maliki 4 Edward Nalbandian
XI.
151
3.
.
God
Prophet
Imam12
Rahbar(Leader) (Vali-e Faqih)
Marja-e Taqlid
(Grand)Ayatollah
Seyyed
Hojjatoleslam
Saqatoleslam
Tolab
152
.
(571 - 632) 622 , . * Fatimah
(Caliph) 4 ( ), .
, Fatimah 4 (656-661) (Ali ibn Abi Talib) (1 Imam) .- 1 Imam (Ali) ,
(Shiat Ali) ,
- 3 Imam (Hussein) 8 Imam (Reza) , ,
- , (Ashura: The 10th Day of Moharram) , * 12 Imam
, 4 , , Fatimah 12 Imam 14 .
12 Imam (Mehdi) , .- (Velayat-e Faqih)
(Rahbar)
, 1502 .
XI.
153
- , , , , ,
4.
Ayatolla Seyyed Ali Khamenei
: Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran
: 1939. 7. 15 (Mashahd)
- Mashad (57)- Najaf (58-59)- Boroujerdi, Haeri, Khomeini (Qom, 59)
- Qom-Mashad (62-63)- ( )(64-78)- Mashad (Mujtahid )- (78)- ()(79.2)- (79.3)- JRM (79)- (79.8)- IRGC (79. 12)- Tehran (80.1)- ( )(80.5)- 1 (80)
154
- 3 (81.10)- 4 (83.5)
- 4 (85.8)- 85~89
- 2 (89. 1 )
- (89.6.4-)
- (), -
The Role of Muslims in the Liberation of India The General Outline of Islamic thought in the Quran Life of Imam Sadeq From the depth of Prayers and Waiting
XI.
155
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
: President of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- 1956 (Semnan) (Garmsar)
: - (IUST : Iran University of Science and Technology)
(1997)
- (1979)
* (1979)- (IRGC) (1986)
* Kirkuk * ( )
- (1993)- (Ardabil) (1993-1997)- (IUST) (1997-2003)- (2003.3-2005.6)- (2005.8-)
- - - (Basij) - ( 65, 9 ) (2005)- - ,
156
Ali Larijani
: Speaker of the Parliament (Majlis)
- 1958.6.3
- / - -
- (04)- (04)- (90)- (IRIB) (90)- (90)- (80)
- , (IRGC)
( IRGC ) - - (Sadeq Larijani) ,
XI.
157
Sadegh Larijani
: Head of Judiciary
- 1960.3.12
- (Qom)
- - ( )
- 2009.8.15
(relatively junior and inexperienced)" -
- (Ali Larijani) , (Grand
Ayatollah Hossein Vahid Khorasani)
158
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
: Chairman of State Expediency Council
- 1935, (Ardakan)
- Quran (39-48)- Qom (49-59)
- Maktabe Tashayo(school of shia) (50)- Bethat(Prophet's Appoinment), Enteqam(Revenge) (60
)- (63-78)- JRM (79. 2)- ( )- 1,2,3 ()(81-89)- (89.6)- 5 (89. 8)- 6 (93. 8)- (97. 8- )
- The History of Palestine The Black of Record of
Colonialism (Akram Zoeiter ) (60)- Amir Kabir : The Hero of Struggle Again Colonialism('68)- Revolution or A New Resurrection
XI.
159
Mohammad Reza Rahimi
: 1(First Vice-President)
- 1949.1.11, Qorveh
- -
- (1993-1997)- (2005-2009)- 1(2009-)- (2000-)
- - 1997 , 2005
160
Ali Akbar Salehi
: (Minister of Foreign Affairs)
: 1949.3.24,
- - MIT (1977)
- (1982-1985, 1989-1993)- IAEA (1997-2005)- (OIC) (2005-2007)- (2007-2009)- (2009-)
- 2003.12 (AP: Additional Protocol)
-
XI.
161
5. President Mahmoud AhmadinejadFirst Vice President Mohammad Reza RahimiMinister of Education Hamid Reza Haji BabaieMinister of Communication and Information Technology Reza TaghipourMinister of Intelligence Heidar MoslehiMinister of Economy and Finance Seyed Shams Al Din HoseiniMinister of Foreign Affairs Ali Akbar SalehiMinister of Health and Medical Education Marzieh Vahid DostjerdiMinister of Agricultural Jihad Sadegh KhalilianMinister of Justice Seyed Morteza BakhtiaryMinister of Defense and Logistics Sardar Ahmad VahidiMinister of Road and Urban Development Ali NikzadMinister of Science, Research and Technology Kamran DaneshjouMinister of Culture and Islamic Guidance Seyed Mohammad HoseiniMinister of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Affairs Abdol Reza SheikholeslamiMinister of Interior Mostafa Mohammad NajarMinister of Petroleum Rostam GhasemiMinister of Energy Majid NamjouMinister of Sport and Youth Affairs Mohammad AbbasiMinister of Industry, Mining and Trade Mahdi GhazanfariVice President for Executive Affairs Hamid BaghaieVice President for Legal Affairs Fatima BodaghiVice President for Parliamentary Affairs Seyed Mohammad Reza Mir Taj Al DinyVice President for Planning and Strategic Supervision Ebrahim AziziVice President for Management Development and Human Resources Affairs Lotfolah Forouzandeh DehkordiVice President, Head of the Environment Protection Organization
Mohammad Javad Mohammadi Zadeh
Vice President, Head of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization Seyed Hassan MousaviVice President for Science and Technology Nasrin SoltankhahVice President, Head of Atomic Energy Organization Fereydoon Abbasi-DavaniVice president, Martyrs and Self-Sacrifice's Affairs Foundation Masoud ZribafanCabinet Secretary Ali Sadoughi
162
6.
. COUNTRY AND PEOPLE
Time Line - Iran's recent history at a glance. :http://www.lib.utexas.edu/
Iran: Population and Demography - by Iran Online. : http://www.iranonline.com/
Country Information for Iran - by Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for the Islamic Countries. : http://www.sesrtcic.org/
. GOVERNMENT AND INSTITUTIONS
Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran - the Official Site. : http://www.president.ir/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran : http://mfa.gov.ir/
. LINKS COLLECTIONS
Interesting Web Sites : http://www.payvand.com/web/
Iranian Cultural and Information Center : http://persia.org
IranOnline's Webguide : http://www.iranonline.com/webguide/
www.Persepolis.com's links page : http://www.persepolis.com
Your Iranian Web Guide : www.ankaboot.com.
XI.
163
. BOOKS ABOUT IRAN
www.amazon.co.uk - former www.bookpages.co.uk.
books about Iran. : www.amazon.com
Iranbooks - Persian and English books about Iran since 1979 : http://www.iranbooks.com/
I.B.Tauris - UK-based publisher specialising in Middle East books, and with quite a lot on Iran : http://www.ibtauris.com/
. Iranian News Sources
IRNA ON-LINE NEWS - the official news agency of Iran. A good source for official statements and other news, updated minute-by-minute.
: http://www.irna.com/headlines/ehead.html
Tehran Times - Government sponsored newspaper. : http://www.tehrantimes.com/
IRAN Daily - Iranian English language paper, published by IRNA. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader : http://www.iran-daily.com/daily.htm
Iran Review - an official monthly political, economic and cultural bulletin.
: http://www.mfa.gov.ir
Farsinet News - selection of Iranian news. : http://www.farsinet.com/news/
Press Releases - Iran's UN Mission in New York. : http://www.iran-un.org
164
. International News Sources
Iran News Watch : http://www.irannewswatch.com/
Iran News ..... - Iran-related news in international media on the Web.: http://www.payvand.com/news/
Yahoo - Iran-related news from leading news agencies. : http://search.news.yahoo.com/search/news?p=Iran
BBC News - Middle East. : http://news.bbc.co.uk/low/english/world/middle_east/default.stm
CNN - Middle East news from CNN. : http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/
CNNfn commodities - including petroleum. : http://cnnfn.cnn.com/markets/commodities.html
. Iranian Politics: Background and Analyses
Stratfor Global Intelligence Update - Middle East; check also Hotspot Iran (July/August 1999). :
http://www.stratfor.com
Iran Press Analysis : http://www.atiehbahar.com
Iran Focus - an independent monthly on political, social and economic developments in Iran. : http://www.atiehbahar.com
XI.
165
7.
1, (Vice Minister) 1, (Deputy Minister) 8 - (Ali Akbar Salehi, Minister of Foreign Affairs)- (Seyed Amir Mansour Borghei, Vice Minister and
Head of Economic Department)- (Mohammad Mehdi Akhunzadeh Basti,
Deputy Minister for International Affairs)- (Behrooz Kamalvandi, Deputy Minister
for Administratie and Executive Affairs)- (Hossain Amir
Abdollahian, Deputy Minister for Arab-African Affairs)- (Ali Asghar Khaji, Deputy Minister for
Europe and America)- (Hassan Ghashghavi, Deputy Minister
for Consular, Parliamentary and Iranian Affairs)- () (Ramin
Mehmanparast, Head of the Center for Public Diplomacy and Media)
- (Seyyed Abbas Araghchi, Deputy Minister for Asia and Pacific)
- (Hadi Soliemanpur, Deputy Minster for International Research and Education)
(General Department for East Asia and Pacific) , (Abdulrasol Mohajer Hejazi) 3 - 1(, ) : Khosh Heikal Azad - 2(, ) : Talebifar - 3(, ) : Tanhaei
166
8.
.
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- , (
)- , ( ) - , 1 1(2m x 3m)
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XI.
167
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.
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168
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Dome Minaret Imam Mosque Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque
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- Pol-e-Khaju() : 17
- Jolfa Church : 17 ,
- Chehel Sotun : 40 ( 20 ) ,
3) (Shiraz)
(Hafez), (Saadi) .
Persia Fars Darius (BC 6) Zand (18) .
- Persepolis : , ,
BC 6 , Alexander ,
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- Shapur relief (Kazerun) :
XI.
169
4) (Mashad)
, . .
8 . , 3 .
- Imam Reza : 8 14
- Tus : Mashad 23Km Mashad
, . (Ferdowsi)
5) (Tabriz)
(Sahand) 1366 .
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.
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170
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I. II. , 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.III. 1. 2. 3. 4. IV. , 1. 2. (Supreme Leader) 3.(President) 4. (Islamic Consultative Assembly : Majlis) 5. 6. (Judiciary) 7. 8.(Supreme Council for National Security) 9. 10. V. 1. 2. 3. VI. 1. 2. . 1. 2. 3. , 4. 5. . , 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. IX. - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. X. 1. 2. 3. 4. XI. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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