20150914231008_So tay Phan bon vo co 2105.pdf

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Phn th nhtMt s thut ng v phn bn v c, cc loi phn bn v c

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Phn th haiVai tr ca cc cht dinh dng cn thit cho cy trng

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Phn th baCch s dng, bo qun mt s loi phn bn v c

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Phn th tCch nhn bit mt s loi phn v c gi hoc km cht lng

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Phn th nmGii thiu mt s thng hiu phn bn v c

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Mt s vn bn quy phm php lut hin hnh v qun l phn bn

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cht lng. hu ht cc a phng u pht hin phn bn km cht lng vi t l cao. Sn phm phn bn thiu hm lng cht dinh dng, phn bn c cc ch tiu dinh dng thp gim ti 80% ang mc lo ngi. Nhiu nh sn xut khng chp hnh tt cc quy nh ca php lut, c tnh a ra th trng nhng mt hng phn bn km cht lng. Nhiu doanh nghip cn nhp khu phn bn nhi, km cht lng v bn cho nng dn.

Di gc k thut, phn bn l thc n ca cy trng, thiu phn bn cy khng th sinh trng v cho nng sut, cht lng cao. Vai tr ca phn bn trong vic thm canh tng nng sut, bo v cy trng v nng cao ph nhiu ca t l rt quan trng.

gip cho ngi qun l cng nh ngi s dng nng cao nhn thc v phn bn v c, cun S tay Mt s kin thc v phn bn v c bao gm cc ni dung nh:

- Mt s thut ng v phn bn v c;

- Cc loi phn bn v c;

- Vai tr ca cc cht dinh dng trong phn bn;

- Cch s dng, bo qun mt s loi phn bn v c;

LI NI U

Phn bn l mt trong nhng yu t then cht gip m bo nng sut thu hoch trong nng nghip, gp phn quan trng vo vic pht trin sn xut nng nghip v m bo an ninh lng thc quc gia. i vi nhiu quc gia ang pht trin vic cung cp phn bn quan trng nh cung cp thc phm. nc ta, sn phm phn bn c xp vo mt trong nhng sn phm quan trng v doanh thu cng nh v v tr trong nn kinh t quc dn. V vy, c nhiu doanh nghip thuc nhiu thnh phn kinh t khc nhau trn c nc tham gia sn xut phn bn.

Nhu cu tiu th phn bn, trong c phn bn v c chim khong hn 80% nhu cu tiu th phn bn trong c nc. Hu nh tt c cc nh my sn xut phn bn v c nh m ur, supe ln, ln nung chy, DAP v cc nh my sn xut NPK (chim 70-80% sn lng NPK sn xut hin nay) l cc nh my vi quy m, cng sut ln. Bn cnh , vn cn nhiu c s sn xut, ch yu l cc c s sn xut phn NPK c quy m nh l, thit b cng ngh lc hu.

Thi gian qua trn th trng xut hin nhiu tnh trng sn xut, kinh doanh phn bn v c gi, km

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Phn th nhtMt S thUt nG v Phn bn v c,

cc LOI Phn bn v c

1. Phn bn

Phn bn l sn phm c chc nng cung cp cht dinh dng cho cy trng hoc c tc dng ci to t.

2. Phn bn v c

Phn bn v c l loi phn bn c sn xut t khong thin nhin hoc t ha cht, trong thnh phn c cha mt hoc nhiu cht dinh dng a lng, trung lng, vi lng, c cc ch tiu cht lng t quy nh ca quy chun k thut quc gia, trong :

- Cht dinh dng a lng l cc cht bao gm m tng s (N

ts), ln hu hiu (P2O5hh), kali hu hiu (K2Ohh)

dng cy trng c th d dng hp thu c;

- Cht dinh dng trung lng l cc cht bao gm canxi (Ca), magi (Mg), lu hunh (S), silic hu hiu (SiO

2hh) dng cy trng c th d dng hp thu c;

- Cht dinh dng vi lng l cc cht bao gm bo (B), cban (Co), ng (Cu), st (Fe), mangan (Mn), molipen (Mo), km (Zn) dng cy trng c th d dng hp thu c.

- Cch nhn bit mt s loi phn v c gi hoc km cht lng.

Mc d rt c gng nhng cun S tay khng trnh khi hn ch, rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca bn c hon chnh hn trong ln ti bn sau./.

CC HA CHT

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sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc.

- Phn trung lng: Trong thnh phn chnh cha mt hoc nhiu cht dinh dng trung lng c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc.

- Phn vi lng: Trong thnh phn chnh cha mt hoc nhiu cht dinh dng vi lng c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc.

- Phn phc hp: Trong thnh phn c cha t nht 2 (hai) cht dinh dng a lng lin kt bng lin kt ha hc (Phn diamoni phosphat (DAP), monoamoni phosphat (MAP), Sun-phat Ka-li Ma-gi, kali nitrat, amoni polyphosphat (APP), nitro phosphat, kali dihydrophosphat) c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc.

- Phn hn hp: c sn xut bng cch phi trn t hai hay nhiu loi phn v c trn, nh: phn n, phn trung lng, phn vi lng, phn phc

3. Cc loi phn bn v c

- Phn bn n a lng hay cn gi l phn khong n, gm:

+ Phn m: Trong thnh phn chnh ch cha mt cht dinh dng a lng l m. Cc loi phn m bao gm phn ur, nitrat amon, sunphat amoni, clorua amoni, cc mui v c dng nitrat, xianamit v hp cht cha nit c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc;

+ Phn ln: Trong thnh phn chnh ch cha mt cht dinh dng a lng l ln. Cc loi phn ln bao gm phn ln nung chy, supephosphat n, supephosphat kp, supe phosphat giu, canxi phosphat v cc hp cht c cha phospho c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc;

+ Phn kali: Trong thnh phn chnh ch cha mt cht dinh dng a lng l kali. Cc loi phn kali bao gm phn kali clorua, kali sulphat, kali clorat v cc hp cht cha kali c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha

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Phn th hai

vaI tR ca cc cht DInh DnG cn thIt chO cy tRnG

1. Cc cht dinh dng

Cy trng lun cn thc n cho s sinh trng v pht trin. Cy trng sinh trng v pht trin c l nh ht cht khong t t v phn bn, thc hin qu trnh quang hp t nc v cacbonic di tc ng ca nh sng mt tri. Nhng cht dinh dng cn thit cho cy trng c chia thnh ba nhm nh sau:

Dinh dng a lng hoc dinh dng chnh: Gm cc cht thc vt cn mt lng ln pht trin, nhm ny c 3 nguyn t m (N), Ln (P) v Kali (K).

Dinh dng trung lng: Thc vt cn mt lng va phi, nhm ny gm Canxi (Ca), Magi (Mg), Lu hunh (S) v Silic (Si).

hp tr ln c b sung hoc khng b sung cht gi m, cht tng hiu sut s dng, cht iu ha sinh trng, cht lm tng kh nng min dch cy trng, cht chng vn cc.

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Ngun m ch yu l Sunfat amn, ur, Can xi nitrat, Canxi amn nitrat, Natri nitrat, Kali nitrat, amn pht pht.

Triu chng thiu ht m:

- Khi thiu: Cnh l sinh trng km, l non nh, l gi d b rng, b r t pht trin, xut hin mu xanh lt n vng nht trn cc l gi, bt u t chp l. Khi thiu trm trng s hoa b gim nhiu, nng sut thp, hm lng protein thp.

Triu chng thiu m trn l cy chanh

- Nu tha: Cy sinh trng mnh, c ch s ra hoa, tn l xum xu, l mng, cy yu d ng, d b su bnh tn cng.

Dinh dng vi lng: Gm nhng nguyn t thc vt cn mt lng nh, nhm ny gm St (Fe), ng (Cu), Mng gan (Mn), Bor (B), Molypden (Mo), Clo (Cl)

2. Vai tr ca cc nguyn t dinh dng

Nhm a lng: y l nhm cc cht dinh dng thit yu m cy trng cn nhiu bao gm: m (N), ln (P), kali (K).

m (Ni t-N):

m l hp phn quan trng ca cht hu c cu to nn dip lc t, nguyn sinh cht, axt nucleic, protein; thc y sinh trng v pht trin ca cc m sng. m ci thin cht lng ca rau n qu, ht ng cc. m gp phn quyt nh n nng sut v cht lng cy trng.

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Ln (Phosphorus-P):

Phn Supe ln Phn DAP

Ngun ln ch yu l DAP; MAP; TSP; NPK, ln nung chy, supephosphat n, supephosphat kp, supe phosphat giu, canxi phosphat

Ln l trung tm trong qu trnh trao i nng lng v protein ca cy.

Ln c vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh hnh thnh v vn chuyn cc hp cht hu c trong cy, ln kch thch b r ca cy pht trin v to iu kin cy c th ng ha cc cht dinh dng khc. Ln tham gia vo thnh phn ca axt Nuclic v mng t bo, to thnh ATP l vt cht mang v ti nng lng. Ln thng chim t 1-14% trng lng cht kh ca cy. Khi thiu ln th phn gi biu hin trc v dn ti tch lu m dng Nitrat gy tr ngi cho vic tng

Triu chng thiu m trn cy chanh

Triu chng thiu m Triu chng thiu m

trn cy la trn cy c ph

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Triu chng thiu Ln trn l C chua

Kali (Potassium-K):

Ngun Kali ch yu l KCl, K2O v Sun-phat Ka-li.

Kali gip tng kh nng thm thu qua mng t bo, iu chnh pH, lng nc kh khng.

hp prtin. Cnh, l, r sinh trng chm, cy thp b, l c mu tm hoc tm nh hng n tng hp cht bt, hoa n kh. Bn ln cy ra n v ra hoa sm hn.

Thiu ln cy ngng tng trng hay tng trng yu nhng l vn xanh nhiu hn vng. Hoa hng thiu ln thng xut hin nhng vt tm thm di l lm l rng sm, khi cy s yu v ngng tng trng. Bp ci v bng ci thiu ln thng c nhng m tm trn l.

Supe ln v Ln nung chy l hai dng ln c s dng rng ri nht. Nhng dng ln tan tt trong nc gm DAP (di-ammonium phosphate) MPA (mono-ammonium phosphate), Kali phosphat. Bt xng cung cp ln nhng l dng ln chm tan. Phn gia cm cha lng ln hp l.

Triu chng thiu ht ln:

- Khi thiu: R pht trin km, l mng c th chuyn mu tm , nh hng ti vic ra hoa ca cy; qu t, chn chm, thng c v dy, xp v d b thi, nm bnh d tn cng, do Ln l thnh phn ca vch t bo.

- Nu tha: Rt kh pht hin, tuy nhin d lm cho cy thiu km v ng.

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Triu chng thiu cht dinh dng - kali

trn cy cam


trn l khoai ty


trn qu cam


trn bng la

Nhm trung lng: Cht dinh dng trung lng l cc cht bao gm canxi (Ca), magie (Mg), lu hunh (S), silic hu hiu (SiO2hh) dng cy trng c th d dng hp thu c.

Kali khng thc s l thnh phn cu to nn m

thc vt nhng cy cn c cung cp lng Kali ln

cho tt c mi b phn. Kali nh hng n s kim

sot nc trong qu trnh thot hi nc khi thc

vt, Kali cng hot ng nh cht xc tc trong qu

trnh thnh lp hoc d tr tinh bt, protein...

Khi nh sng yu Kali c tc dng kch thch

quang hp, tng sc khng cho cy.

Cn lu rng Kali d tan, d ra tri trong thi

gian ma nhiu v ngp nc, v th nhng vng

nhit i vi lng ma cao ngi ta thng bn

nhiu Kali.

Triu chng thiu ht Kali:

- Khi thiu: Ban u nh l gi b chy; thiu nng, phn ln l b chy v rng i. Cy pht trin chm v ci cc, thn cy d b ng.

- Nu tha: Cng kh nhn din, tuy nhin trn cam khi bn kali nhiu qu tri tr nn sn si.

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Triu chng thiu lu hunhtrn l chui

Triu chng thiu lu hunh trn l c chua

Triu chng thiu lu hunhtrn cy bp ci

Triu chng thiu lu hunh trn cy khoai ty

Lu hunh (S):

Lu hunh tham gia vo qu trnh hnh thnh prtin. Lu hunh l thnh phn ca mt s axt amin cng nh aminoaxit lin quan n hot ng trao i cht ca vitamin v cc Coenzim A gip cho cu trc protein c vng chc. Lu hunh ph bin l cc Sunphat nh: Sunphat amn (SA), Kali sunphat.

Triu chng thiu ht lu hunh:

Khi thiu, triu chng th hin ging nh thiu cht m; l nh, vng u, rng sm. Sinh trng ca chi b hn ch, nh hng n s hoa, thn cng, nh v ha g sm.

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Triu chng thiu ht Canxi:

- Khi thiu: L v t non d b cong queo v nh, mp l khng u, hay c hin tng chi cht ngn, r nh tr sinh trng v thng b thi

- Khng c triu chng tha, tuy nhin khi lng canxi cao thng gy thiu: B, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu

Triu chng thiu Canxi

trn cy u

Triu chng thiu Canxi trn cy c chua

Triu chng thiu Canxi trn cy bp ci

Triu chng thiu Canxi trn cy c rt

Vi (Canxi-Ca):

Vi hay vi ti tn c cng thc ha hc Ca(OH)2

(vi hay vi ti) l cht c to thnh t CaO (vi

nung hay vi sng) ha vo nc. Ngoi ra cn dng

Dolomite (hn hp mui CaCO3 v MgCO3) hay cn

gi l vi xm/nng nghip hay vi dolomit.

Cht Canxi (Ca) chim phn ln trong cu to

vch t bo thc vt. Canxi ch yu tham gia vo s

to thnh vch t bo v hot cht ca nhiu loi men,

c tc dng rt quan trng ti vic duy tr cng nng

ca mng t bo. Canxi c tc dng c bit trong

vic duy tr cn bng ca mi trng bn ngoi, tng

cng s n hoa v tng bn ca hoa.

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Triu chng thiu Magi trn cy khoai ty

Triu chng thiu Magi trn cy c chua

Triu chng thiu Magi trn cy ng

Triu chng thiu Magi trn cy bp ci

Magi (Magnesium-Mg):

Magi l thnh phn cu to ca dip lc t, c vai tr quan trng trong quang hp. L hot cht ca h enzim gn lin vi s chuyn ha hydratcarbon v tng hp axit nucleic. Magi thc y hp thu v vn chuyn ln gip ng vn chuyn d dng, thun li hn trong cy.

Thng thng b sung Mg di dng phun qua l Magi nitrat (Mg(NO3)2) hoc Magi sunphat (MgSO4.7H2O) hoc bn cc loi NPK b sung trung vi lng. Bn dolomite (CaCO3+MgCO3) cng c th cung cp Mg nhng MgCO3 chm tan trong nc, tan tt hn trong t c pH thp (mi trng axit) nn cn c thi gian cy mi hp thu.

Triu chng thiu ht Magi:

- Khi thiu: L tr nn nh, xut hin nhng vng sng gia nhng gn l, l b rng sm, hoa ra t, r km pht trinMt s loi rau thiu Magi c cc im vng lt n da cam, hoc ta, thn cy d b nm bnh tn cng.

- Nu tha: L b i dng thng cun theo hnh xon c v rng

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Triu chng thiu ht Silic:

Khi thiu silic thng rt d v nhim bnh nm, m nu trn l, o n.

Cy c ph thiu Silic b nhim nm hng

Cy la thiu Silic b bnh m nu, o n

Silic (Silic-Si):

- Silic gip cho l mc vn thng, to iu kin cho cy hp thu nh sng tt hn, tng kh nng quang hp, tng hiu lc phn nit. Tc dng tng h gia silic vi phtpho gip cy hp thu dinh dng tt hn, cy tng trng nhanh lm pha long nng st, nhm trong cy do lm tng kh nng chng chu phn cho cy.

Cy c cung cp Silic (SiO2) s to cht dip lc thun li, tng kh nng quang hp, tng hiu qu s dng ln v m, u tng nng sut

Cy ht nhiu Silic th c kh nng chng ng tt, chng s xm nhp ca su bnh, nh su c thn, su cun l. Silic gip to cht dip lc thun li, tng kh nng quang hp, tng hiu qu s dng P v N cy no khi c cung cp silic cng u tng nng sut.

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Triu chng thiu ht km:

Khi thiu: Cc l non thng rt nh, bin dng, mc xt nhau, chuyn vng trng v x ra. S hoa qu gim mnh, nng sut, cht lng thp.

Triu chng thiu km trn cy ng

Triu chng thiu km trn cy ma

Triu chng thiu km trn cy qut

Triu chng thiu km trn cy chanh

Nhm vi lng: Cht dinh dng vi lng l cc cht bao gm bo (B), cban (Co), ng (Cu), st (Fe), mangan (Mn), molipen (Mo), km (Zn) dng cy trng c th d dng hp thu c.

Thng thng b sung/ cung cp vi lng cho cy di dng mui khong nh mui sunphat ca km, ng, mangan. B sung B di dng borate nh mui Natri borax (Na2B4O7.(5-7)H2O); B sung Mo dng amoni Molypdate ((NH4)2MoO4) hoc cc dng chelate - vi lng. Gn y, cc nhm phn bn th h mi di dng chelate hu c vi lng, k c trung lng kch thc phn t hay nano cng c pht trin v thng mi ha nh gluconate ca vi lng (km gluconate, Magie-gluconate, ng-gluconate...) hay phc hp ca cc axit amin vi vi lng.

Km (Zinc-Zn):

Km (Zn) l thnh phn ca men carboxylase kch thch s gii phng CO2 trong dip lc, kch thch quang hp. Km c lin quan n s hnh thnh kch t sinh trng. Km tham gia vo tng hp protein v trong s hnh thnh ht v thc y tng trng thc vt v sc sng.

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Triu chng thiu st trncy xu ho

Triu chng thiu st trn cy chanh

ng (Copper-Cu):

ng l thnh phn ca men oxydase v thnh

phn ca nhiu enzimascorrbic, phenolase, xc tin

qu trnh hnh thnh Vitamin A. ng nh hng n

s tng hp nhiu cht dinh dng ca cy trng, c

vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh sinh trng pht

trin ca cy; gip cy tng kh nng chu hn, chu

nng, chu lnh

Triu chng thiu ng:

Khi thiu: cc cy ng cc s xut hin mu vng v qun phin l, s bppng b hn ch, ht km pht trin, cy c mi cht en phn mi sinh trng, qu c nhng m nu, kh nng chng chu su bnh cy km.

St (Iron-Fe):

St (Fe) cn thit cho s tng hp v duy tr dip lc t trong cy, l thnh phn ch yu ca nhiu enzim, ng mt vai tr quan trng trong s chuyn ha dip lc t.

Triu chng thiu ht st:

Khi thiu st cc l non a vng, nh v mp l gi mu xanh lu nht. Trng hp thiu nng, ton b tht v gn l chuyn vng, cui cng tr nn trng nht.

Triu chng thiu st trn cy khoai ty

Triu chng thiu st trncy u tng

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Mng gan (Manganese-Mn):

Mng gan c bit n nh mt cht oxy ha ca thc vt. Thiu Mng gan l c th xut hin nhng m xm hoc vng thm chung quanh ra l. Cng ging nh St, triu chng thiu Mng gan thng xy ra trn vng t vi v khi bn Mng gan th Mng gan tr thnh dng khng tan. Thc hin vic acid ha t nh cp phn St s ci thin tnh trng ny ng k, hoc s dng Mng gan sun pht l dng d tan bn vo t. Ngc li, ng c Mng gan thng xy ra trn nhng t qu axt do Mng gan tr thnh dng ha tan nhanh nn cy s b tha Mng gan.

Triu chng thiu ht Mangan:

Khi thiu: Gn ca cc l non a vng, xut hin cc m vng v hoi t, xut hin vng xm vng gn cung l non.

Triu chng thiu ng trn cy ng

Triu chng thiu ng

trn cy ng la m

Triu chng thiu ng trn cy khoai ty

Triu chng thiu ng trn qu da chut

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v phn chia t bo, gip iu chnh t l K/Ca trong

cy, cn thit vi s tng hp protein trong cy.

Triu chng thiu ht Bo:

Khi thiu: L bin dng, dy hoc gin. Hoa d b rng hoc ht b lp. V qu dy, li thng b thm en. Cy trng ni chung thiu Bo d b su bnh ph hi, kh nng chng chu iu kin bt li km.

Triu chng thiu Bo trn l cy chanh

Triu chng thiu Bo trn l cy ca cao

Triu chng thiu Bo trn l cy cao su

Triu chng thiu Bo trn l cy ci bng (Sp l)

Triu chng thiu Mng gan trn cy ng

Triu chng thiu Mng gan trn cy b

Triu chng thiu Mng gan trn cy c chua

Triu chng thiu Mng gan trn cy u tng

Bo (Boron-B):

Bo l nguyn t iu ha N trong thc vt. Bo nh hng n hot ng ca mt s enzim, c kh nng to phc vi cc hp cht Polyhydroxy, tng kh nng thm mng t bo, lm cho vic vn chuyn hydrat carbon c d dng. Bo cn cho qu trnh tng hp

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Triu chng thiu Mo trn cy khoai ty

Triu chng thiu Mo trn cy c rt

Coban (Co)

Coban l cn thit c nh m trong cy h u. Nhu cu v coban cao hn rt nhiu c nh m hn so vi ammonium dinh dng. Thiu ht coban c th dn n cc triu chng thiu ht nit.

Trong iu kin canh tc thm canh nh hin nay, c cc cht a, trung v vi lng u phi c bn b sung bng phn bn gc hoc phn bn qua l.

Molipden (Molybdenum-Mo):

Mo l cht xc tc trong qu trnh c nh v s dng m ca cy, l thnh phn ca men kh nitrat v men nitrogense. Mo cn mt lng rt t, ch vi gram trn 1.000 m2 nhng thiu Mo gy hu qu ht sc nghim trng nh lm bin dng sinh trng cy bng ci

Triu chng thiu ht Mo:

Khi thiu Mo: gn gia ca cc l di c m vng, tip l hoi t mp l v l b gp np li, l b xon v rng cung. rau, cc m l b ho, ch cn li gn gia ca l v mt vi ming phin l nh. Thiu Mo biu hin r nht cy h u, cy pht trin km, nt sn gim, hn ch s c nh m t do.

Triu chng thiu Mo trn cy chui

Triu chng thiu Mo trn qu to

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2. Bn phn NPK-S Lm Thao

- Bn cho cy ng. Liu lng bn cho mt so Bc b (kg/360m2).

- Loi phn:

+ Phn chung, bn lt 250350;

+ Phn NPK-S*M1 5.10.3-8, bn lt 2025;

+ NPK-S*M112.5. 10-14, bn thc (khi cy c 57 l) 89, bn trc khi tr (xoy nn) 89

- Bn cho cy h u (u tng, lc). Liu lng bn cho mt so Bc b (kg/360m2).

- Loi phn:


+ NPK-S 5.10.10-7, bn lt 1015, bn thc 1015.

- Bn cho cy rau n l (ci bp). Liu lng bn cho mt so Bc b (kg/360 m2).

- Loi phn:


+ NPK-S*M1 5.10.3-8, bn lt 1822;

+ NPK-S*M1 12.5.10-14 hoc 10.5.10-5, bn thc sau trng 2025 ngy 1318, bn thc khi cy tri l bng 2025.

Phn th ba

cch S DnG, bO QUnMt S LOI Phn bn v c

I. Cch s dng

Bn phn v c cn i cho cy trng l rt cn thit t hiu qu s dng mt cch ti u. Vic bn phn cho mt loi cy trng c th trong mt giai on cn thc hin theo cng thc nht nh.

Di y chng ti a ra mt vi v d v cch bn mt s phn v c:

1. Bn phn NPK

V d: i vi cy mng ct, bn mi gc t 3-4 kg mi ln v bn 3 ln trong nm, nh sau:

- Ln 1: Ngay sau khi thu hoch xong, ta cnh to tn v bn phn theo cng thc: N:P:K (20:20:10), mi gc 3 kg kt hp vi 20-30 kg phn chung cho mi cy;

- Ln 2: Trc khi ra hoa 30-40 ngy, bn phn c hm lng ln cao theo cng thc N:P:K (8:24:24), mi gc 3 kg;

- Ln 3: Bn lc cy u tri xong (ng knh tri 1-2 cm) bn phn theo cng thc N:P:K (13:13:21).

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Loi 5.10.3 (dng trn v dng v vin): Bn lt su trc khi ba kp 600kg-700 kg (25kg/so 360m2).

Loi 10.10.5 (dng trn v dng v vin), loi 10.12.5 (dng trn): Bn cho la nng sut t 7-10 tn/ha (25-35 kg/so) bn lt su khi ba kp 500kg-700 kg/ha (18kg-25 kg/so).

- i vi cy rau, mu: Tu theo nng sut m c th bn mc tng ng nh bn cho la hoc cao hn. Khi bn ch phi ri phn xung, lp t kn ri mi gieo ht. Khng ht tip xc vi phn.

- i vi cy n qu: Dng loi NPK 5.10.3 bn theo loi cy v tui cy mc 0,5-2kg/tui cy; o rnh theo tn l rng 30 cm, ri phn, lp t kn phn ri ti nc. Thi im bn v mc bn cho tng loi cy theo hng dn ca cn b k thut a phng.

- Phn NPK chuyn dng bn cho la c hai loi:

Loi phn N (%)P2O5 (%)

K2O (%)

S (%)

MgO (%)

CaO (%)

SiO2 (%)

Vi lng (%)

NPK 6.11.2 6 11 2 2 10 20 15Zn, B, Mo, Cu, Co...NPK

16.5.1716 5 17 1 5 8 7

+ Bn lt su: Bn bng phn NPK chuyn dng bn lt cho la Vn in.

3. Phn bn Vn in

3.1. Mc bn v cch bn phn ln

Lng bn ph thuc vo tng loi cy, trn tng loi t. i vi la v cc cy ngn ngy bn bnh qun 17 - 25 kg/so. i vi cc cy lu nm nh c ph, ch, cam, qut, nhn, vi...khi mi trng bn lt 1 - 2 kg/cy, chm bn hng nm 0,5 kg/1 tui cy. Ch phi bn cn i m, ln, kali mi m bo nng sut cy trng v cht lng nng sn.

Cch bn: i vi la v cc cy ngn ngy tt nht l bn lt, cn vi cy trng lu nm th o rnh xung quanh gc cy theo tn l, ri phn xung ri lp t kn phn.

3.2. Mc bn v cch bn mt s loi phn NPK chnh

- Phn NPK bn lt cho nhiu loi cy Loi phn

N (%)

P2O5 (%)

K2O (%)

S (%)

MgO (%)

CaO (%)

SiO2 (%)

Vi lng (%)

NPK 5.10.3 5 10 3 1 8 16 15

Zn, B, Mo, Cu,

Co...

NPK 10.10.5 10 10 5 1 8 16 15

NPK 10.12.5 10 12 5 1 8 16 15

+ i vi cy la: Tu theo nng sut t 7-8,5 tn/ha (25-30 kg/so) m bn theo cng thc.

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+ i vi la gieo x: v Xun, bn khi cy la c 3,5-4 l (la bt u nhnh). v Ma khi cy la c 1-2 nhnh.

Ch :

- Bn lt lc ba hoc trc khi ba ln cui, cng vi ton b phn chung vi su phn xung di, sau lng t, gn bt nc trong ri mi cy. Trng hp nc ln rung c b bao, nc khng chy vn bn bnh thng, trnh khng chy mt nc c.

- Bn thc v Xun, bn thc ngay khi la ra l mi (l nn dong), v Ma bn sau cy 7-10 ngy.

II. Bo qun phn bn

Khi ct gi, bo qun phn bn ngi s dng nn thc hin cc nguyn tc sau:

1. Khng ln ln cc loi phn bn

Khi ly phn ra khi bao nn ghi nhn hay nh du trnh nhm loi ny sang loi khc.

2. Khng m

Lun phn ni kh ro. Cc loi phn cn ch chng m l sunfat amon, clorua amon, nitrat amon, ur, supe ln. Nn trong chum vi snh y mn rm. Nu trong bao ni lng th bao phi

Cng thc: 6-11-2.

Lng bn t 20-25 kg/so tu thuc vo tng chn t v ging.

+ Cch bn:

i vi la cy: Bn lc ba hoc trc khi ba ln cui, cng vi phn chung vi su phn xung di, sau lng t, gn bt nc trong ri mi cy. Trng hp nc ln rung c b bao, nc khng chy vn bn bnh thng, trnh khng chy mt nc c.

i vi la gieo x: Dng phn NPK chuyn lt Vn in + vi phn chung bn ngay khi ba cht trc khi ln lung gieo x. Khng c phn chung th bn tng lng NPK ln 2-3 kg.

- Bn thc sm: Bn bng phn YT-NPK chuyn dng bn thc cho la Vn in.

Cng thc: 16-5-17.

+ Lng bn t 10-13 kg/so, tu thuc vo thi v, ging v chn t.

+ Cch bn:

i vi la cy: v Xun, bn thc ngay khi la ra l mi (l nn dong), v Ma bn sau cy 7-10 ngy.

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Phn th t

cch nhn bIt Mt S LOI Phn bn GI hOc KM cht LnG

1. Cc loi phn v c trn th trng hin nay

Hin nay, trn th trng c rt nhiu chng loi phn bn khc nhau c dng cho sn xut nng nghip, trong 03 loi phn bn chnh c s dng nhiu nht bn cho cy trng l: phn m (N), phn Ln (P2O5) v phn Kali (K2O).

Trn thc t, khng phi bt c nng dn vng no cng s dng phn n nh m, Ln, Kali bn cho cy trng m ngi ta c th dng cc loi phn hn hp nh DAP c cha c m v Ln; phn NPK c cha c m, Ln v Kali. Cc loi phn hn hp hin nay trn th trng rt ph bin v cng rt a dng v mu sc, hnh dng ht, kch thc ht v t l phi trn gia m, Ln v Kali.

Do nhu cu s dng ngy cng nhiu v s thiu hiu bit v cc loi phn bn nn mt s c nhn, t chc li dng sn xut phn bn gi hoc km cht lng bn cho nng dn. Cc loi phn bn km cht lng thng gp trn th trng hin nay l phn DAP, NPK v mt s loi phn phi trn khc. tng li nhun mt s nh sn xut phn bn

buc kn, khng thng. Cc bao phn khng nn t trc tip trn sn xi mng hay nn t m nn t trn gi g.

3. Chng axit

Cc loi phn m, supe ln c tnh axit nn dng c ng d b mc. Thng, xng xc phn cn phi ra tht sch trc khi kh.

4. Chng nng

Mt s loi phn nh nitrat amon gp nng gy n, tuyt i khng gn la. Cc loi phn m nhn chung d bc hi khi gp nng nn khng phi ngoi nng khi b t, nn hong kh trong bng mt

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- Gi in thoi trc tip cho Cng ty sn xut hoc n v phn phi theo s in thoi trn bao b hi thng tin v sn phm, thng bo v hin tng m anh/ch ang gp phi c gii p;

- Nu lin lc nhng nh sn xut, n v phn phi t chi tr li hoc c tr li nhng khng r rng, nng dn cn nghi ng th bo ngay cho c quan chc nng a phng ti khu vc mua sn phm nh: Qun l th trng, Thanh tra chuyn ngnh,

2.2. Phn Ka-li clo-rua (KCl) cha 60% K2OMu sc c trng nh hng, hng nht,

tm v mu trng. y l loi phn cha Ka-li ph bin nht v cng l loi phn b li dng lm gi, lm nhi nhiu, gy tn tht nng n cho ngi nng dn do chnh lch gi gia hng tht-hng gi rt ln, li d lm gi.

Nng dn d b mua phi phn Ka-li gi do trn th trng c cc loi phn NKS, KNS, NPK c mt s nh sn xut c tnh lm rt ging phn Clo-rua Ka-li v mt hnh thc, nht l mu c trng ca Kali nhng thc cht ch c t 10-30% l -xit Ka-li, cn li l phn SA, mui n, phm mu, bt st . y l loi phn phi nhp khu 100%, do khi mua hng, ngi nng dn cn yu cu i l:

phi trn nhiu thnh phn khng c li cho cy trng v bn ra th trng.

2. Cch nhn bit mt s loi phn bn gi hoc km cht lng trn th trng

Mt s gi nn lm khi nghi ng hoc mua nhm phn bn gi: c th phn bit mt loi phn bn no l tht hay gi cn da vo c tnh c th ca loi phn . Mi loi phn bn c cc c tnh ha, l, c hc... khc nhau nn s c phng php nhn bit khc nhau. Bng kinh nghim c th nhn bit s b loi phn bn nghi ng l phn gi nhng m bo kt qu chnh xc cn phi nh cc c quan chc nng ly mu phn tch.

2.1. Phn mi vi phn m (c bit phn m ur) do

c tnh k thut ca sn phm cng nh yu cu v cng ngh sn xut nn rt him khi b lm gi. Ngi s dng, khi i mua phn bn trn th trng v nghi ng l phn gi hoc phn km cht lng nn tin hnh nh sau:

- Ghi chp y cc thng tin trn bao b ng phn bn, gi mu phn bn v mu bao b cn thn (c th chp hnh cng tt);

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mu hng , vn c, khng c vng bm quanh thnh cc. C th li cn khng tan ht.

Hnh nh ny l phn bn gi (bn tri) v tht (phi).

2.3. Phn Ka-li sunfat (K2SO4) cha 50% K2OMu trng, dng ht nh hoc bt, cng l loi

phn phi nhp khu, s lng dng khng ph bin, d b lm gi khi trn ln vi bt vi hoc bt vi sng, bt t st trng. Cch phn bit nh sau:

Cch th: Cho 7-10 gam phn vo cc nc trong.- Phn Sun - pht Ka - li tht: Tan ht trong nc,

dung dch c mu trong sut;- Phn gi hoc km cht lng: C th khng

tan ht, li cn lng (bt ) hoc dung dch vn c do huyn ph ca vi hoc st trng.

Bn cho loi phn Ka-li tht, c hm lng K2O 60%, sau phi xem bao b c ng l hng nhp khu hay khng. Cc loi phn do cc c s trong nc sn xut, trn bao b khng ghi hm lng K2O chim 60% th u l hng gi.

Khi mua hng nn mang theo mt chic cc thy tinh nh, trng v trong sut cng mt t nc sch trong cc. Th mt nhm chng 3-5 gam sn phm vo trong cc nc c dung tch 50-100 ml lm thc nghim v quan st kt qu nh sau:

Cch th: Cho 3-5 gam phn kh ro vo cc nc trong.

- Phn Kali clorua tht: Cc nc cha c mu hng . Mt phn chm xung nc, mt phn vn ni trn mt cc nc.

Sau khi khong mnh, dung dch chuyn sang mu hng nht, khng vn c, c vng bm quanh thnh cc. Phn tan ht;

- Phn Kali clorua gi hoc km cht lng: Cc nc lp tc c mu hng . Ton b phn chm xung v tan rt nhanh. Sau khi khong mnh, dung dch c

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2.5. Phn hn hp NPK

i vi cc loi phn hn hp NPK ni chung rt kh phn bit c tht - gi, kh xc nh c mc cht lng bng cm quan thng thng m phi da trn kt qu phn tch ca cc trung tm phn tch. Kinh nghim chung mua c ng chng loi v cht lng cc loi phn NPK l chn mua sn phm ca cc cng ty ln, c uy tn v thng hiu trn th trng, mua ti cc i l bn hng chnh thc ca cc cng ty .

2.4. Phn U-r

C hai loi phn U-r chnh l loi ht trong v ht c, c hai loi u c cng thc ha hc v hm lng ni-t nh nhau, ti thiu l 46%:

- Phn U-r ht trong: L loi ph bin nht, phn rt d tan, c mu trng trong, dng ht trn. y l loi phn rt kh lm gi, tuy nhin xut hin loi km cht lng bng cch trn phn SA vo phn U-r theo mt t l nht nh do phn SA r hn phn U-r;

c im nhn bit l phn U-r tht ch c dng ht trn, cn nu c ln phn SA th cc ht phn SA c dng tinh th, nhiu gc cnh. Hin nay nc ta ch c 4 Nh my sn xut c U-r ht trong l m H Bc, m Ph M, m C Mau v m Ninh Bnh cn li l U-r nhp khu. Khi mua nn chn mua 2 loi U-r H Bc v Ph M, C Mau, Ninh Bnh hoc U-r trn bao b c ghi r rng ngun gc nhp khu;

- Phn U-r ht c: y l loi phn rt tt, phn c dng ht to, ng knh ht 2-4 mm, cng, mu trng c nh sa.

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Phn th nm

GII thIU Mt SthnG hIU Phn bn v c

______________________

C IM V CNG DNG CA PHN BN NPK-S*M1 LM THAO

Cng ty c phn Supe Pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao c xy dng nm 1959 ti huyn Lm Thao, tnh Ph Th. Nm 1962, Cng ty chnh thc cho ra i nhng tn phn bn u tin phc v sn xut nng nghip Vit Nam. Cng ty lun gi vai tr ngn c u trong ngnh sn xut phn bn v ha cht nc ta.

Hin nay, Cng ty ang sn xut cc loi phn bn supe pht pht n cng sut 850.000 tn/nm, phn ln nung chy cng sut 300.000 tn/nm, phn trn NPK cng sut 750.000 tn/nm, p ng yu cu v quy m v cng sut ti thiu.

Mt s cc sn phm NPK-S thng dng ca Cng ty c phn Supe pht pht v Ha cht Lm Thao nh 5.10.3-8; 12.5.10-14; 10-5.5-9 c cng ty nghin cu thay th bng cc sn phm NPK-S*M1. Cc sn phm c thm k hiu *M1 l loi sn phm th h mi. Mc d vn gi nguyn cc thnh phn

dinh dng chnh nhng do thay i cng ngh sn xut nn c nhiu u im hn so vi phn bn c; c b sung thm cc cht trung vi lng; thnh phn ln gm 2 loi: Tan nhanh v chm tan, nn c kh nng cung cp u n dinh dng trong sut qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca cy trng, k c cy con, cy mi trng; gim tht thot, ra tri phn bn; tng nng sut cy trng; ph hp vi tt c cc vng t v c tc dng ci to cho cc vng t chua phn, chim trng, snh ly.

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TONG QUAN VE CONG TY

Cong ty TNHH MTV Phan bon Dau kh Ca Mau (PVCFC) la n v thanh vien 100% von cua Tap oan Dau kh Viet Nam; thanh lap ngay 9-3-2011; quan ly va van hanh Nha may am Ca Mau nam trong Khu cong nghiep Kh-ien-am Ca Mau, thuoc xa Khanh An, huyen U Minh, tnh Ca Mau. Nganh nghe kinh doanh chu yeu la san xuat, kinh doanh va xuat nhap khau phan bon, hoa chat dau kh.

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am Ca Mau a c ba con nong dan khu vc ong bang Song Cu Long tin dung.

Nam 2014, PVCFC tiep tuc duy tr san xuat an toan, on nh, at cong suat thiet ke, chu ong phat trien them th trng muc tieu mi ong Nam Bo, Campuchia; xam nhap th trng tiem nang mien Trung, Tay Nguyen, mien Bac va xuat khau ra th trng quoc te. Ngoai cong tac to chc quan ly san xuat kinh doanh hieu qua, viec ay manh nghien cu khoa hoc, ng dung sang kien cai tien ky thuat vao thc tien san xuat la yeu to rat quan trong giup PVCFC khang nh v the la nha san xuat Ure hat uc hang au va duy nhat trong nc.

am Ca Mauwww.pvcfc.com.vn

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Tr thanh doanh nghiep hang au Viet Nam va khu vc trong lnh vc san xuat, kinh doanh phan bon va hoa chat phuc vu nong nghiep va cong nghiep dau kh.

TAM NHN 2025 GIA TR COT LOI

S MENHLa nha san xuat, kinh doanh phan bon tren nen tang cong nghiep hoa dau phuc vu nong nghiep, cung cap cac giai phap ve dinh dng cho cay trong, gop phan thay oi nen nong nghiep theo hng phat trien ben vng, than thien moi trng, bao am li ch hai hoa cho chu s hu, khach hang, ngi lao ong va doanh nghiep.

An can - Than thien, Chuyen nghiep - Sang tao, Trach nhiem - Hai hoa

ap ng muc tieu Phat trien ben vng, hai hoa li ch la kim ch nam, la chuan mc cho moi hoat ong cua Cong ty.

* Duy tr va phat trien san xuat kinh doanh ben vng, au t co hieu qua va co chon loc.

* am bao moi trng lam viec chuyen nghiep, sang tao, ap ng i song ngi lao ong.

* am bao ch tn oi vi khach hang, la a ch tin cay cua nha nong.

* Tch cc hng ng va tham gia vao cong tac xa hoi, luon gan bo mat thiet vi nong dan.

M C Mau

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M PH M

PHN BN NM SaO

PHN BN BNH IN

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PHN BN TIN NNG Cng ty c phn Cng Nng nghip Tin Nng l

mt trong nhng nh sn xut phn bn hng u ti Vit Nam c b dy hn 20 nm pht trin, c cng nhn l Doanh nghip Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Cc sn phm Dinh dng cy trng mang thng hiu Tin Nng c mt khp cc tnh thnh trong c nc, xut khu n nhiu quc gia nh: Nht Bn, Thi Lan, Hn Quc, Bnglades

Cng ty c phn Cng Nng nghip Tin Nng c a ch ti 274B B Triu, Phng ng Th, thnh ph Thanh Ha vi h thng 4 nh my sn xut vi tng cng sut thit k 550 nghn tn sn phm/nm. Sn phm ch lc l NPK, NPK+ Si chuyn dng cho tng i tng cy trng, tng vng sinh thi; cc sn phm NPK a dng nh 15-15-15; 16-16-8; 16-8-16; 20-10-0; 6-8-4; 6-9-3; 5-10-3; 8-2-8; 10-5-10v hng lot cc sn phm c bit nh Siu m, m

vng 46N+, m Silicon, NPK-Organic

Nh my sn xut Tin Nng 3.

Cng ty xc nh khoa hc v cng ngh chnh l nn tng pht trin ca Tin Nng trong sut 20 nm qua v tip tc khng nh khoa hc cng ngh l chin lc xuyn sut trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty. Chnh v vy, vic y mnh nghin cu pht trin v sn xut kinh doanh cc sn phm khoa hc & cng ngh c xc nh l nhim v quan trng s mt ti doanh nghip. Hin nay, nhiu cng ngh tin tin c p dng vo sn phm NPK Tin Nng nh SCT (Cng ngh mng bc thng minh), Silic d tiu, Vi lng chelatePhng th nghim c chng nhn VILAS l c s tin cy kim sot v m bo cht lng sn phm

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ca Tin Nng lun n nh, ng thi nghin cu pht trin sn phm mi.

Nghin cu pht trin sn phm

ti Cng ty c phn Cng nng nghip Tin Nng

Phn bn ca Tin Nng phc v chuyn nghip cho cc ngnh hng nng nghip trng im nh: La go, c ph, cao su, ma ng, cy n qu, rau v hoa chnh l hng i Tin Nng ang thc hin nhm gp phn vo s pht trin bn vng ca cc

ngnh thng qua nghin cu pht trin cc sn phm c th cho tng i tng cy trng v tng vng th nhng. B sn phm chuyn dng cho cy Ma (Ma 1 - chuyn lt v Ma 2 - chuyn thc) c s dng ti hu khp cc vng nguyn liu ma ng ca c nc; B chuyn dng cho La (La 1 v La 2) ang l la chn hng u trong chng trnh thm canh cy La gn vi ng dng c gii ha ng b; B sn phm chuyn dng cho C ph (C ph s 1 - Ma kh, S 2 - Ma ma; S 3 - Cui ma ma) v ang gip nng dn Ty Nguyn t c nng sut 5-7 tn nhn/ha; Sn phm chuyn dng cho cy Cao su l kt qu phi hp nghin cu vi Tp on Cng nghip Cao su Vit Nam vi cng ngh kim

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sot s phn gii tng hiu sut s dng v gim lng bn; Ngoi ra cn sn phm chuyn dng cho Lc (u), Cy n qu, ci, ng,

Nm 2015 nh du 20 nm xy dng v trng thnh ca Cng ty c phn Cng Nng nghip Tin Nng. Nn tng ln nht ca 20 nm qua chnh l s tin tng ca b con nng dn khp mi min t nc, s ng h ca cc cp, cc ngnh v s ng lng ca h thng i din. Tin Nng vn kin nh con ng pht trin vi s mnh Tin cng nng dn Vit.

PHN LN VN INLn Vn in l loi phn a cht, ngoi cht dinh dng chnh l ln (P2O5) cn c cc cht dinh dng khc rt cn thit cho cy trng v ci to t nh vi (canxi), manh, silic, ng, bo, mangan, km, molipden, cobanLn Vn in c tnh kim (pH : 8-8,5), khng c hi, khng tan trong nc m ch tan trong mi trng axit yu do r cy tit ra, nn khi bn xung rung khng b ra tri, cung cp dinh dng cho cy trng t u v n cui v. Nu cy s dng khng ht th cc cht trong Ln Vn in vn cn c gi li trong t cung cp cho cy trng vo v sau.

Ln Vn in s dng tt cho hu ht cc loi cy trng nh la, ng, khoai, sn, u, lc, cc loi rau,

cc loi cy cng nghip nh cao su, c ph, bng, ma, ch, du tm... v cc loi cy n qu, cy rng...

Ln Vn in thch hp cho nhiu vng t, c bit i vi vng t chua, trng, ly tht, t i dc...mang li hiu qu cao hn hn so vi cc loi phn ln khc. Cy trng c bn Ln Vn in khng nhng mang li nng sut cao, cht lng nng sn tt m cn tng kh nng chng chu su bnh, chng ng v s khc nghit ca thi tit.

t c bn Ln Vn in s gim chua, hn ch rong ru, khng lm t chai cng gip ci to t lm cho t ti xp.

PHN BN H aNH Cng ty c phn xut nhp khu H Anh, tn giao

64 65

S tay Phn bn v cS tay Phn bn v c

dch quc t vit tt l Hanexim, c thnh lp vo ngy 12 thng 8 nm 1981, Cng ty tr thnh mt trong nhng doanh nghip hng u trong lnh vc XNK, sn xut v kinh doanh phn bn v c, vi sn lng bn ra hng nm khong 500-600 ngn tn, ngoi ra cn hot ng trn nhiu lnh vc khc.

Hin nay, c phn xut nhp khu H Anh c 3 chi nhnh ti Lo Cai, Ph Th v Bc Giang, 4 vn phng i din ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, Bnh nh, Hi Phng, Ninh Bnh vi h thng cc kho hng ti cc vng sn xut nng nghip trng im v cc cng bin vi mng li trn 500 khch hng l cc cng ty vt t nng nghip cc tnh, huyn, cc cng ty thng mi tng hp, cc nh my, cng ty sn xut phn bn trong c nc. Khng nhng nhp khu v kinh doanh phn bn phc v trc tip cho nng dn sn xut nng nghip, Cng ty cn l nh cung cp ln cc nguyn liu nh phn kali, phn m u-r, m sun-pht a-mn, phn DAPcho phn ln cc nh my sn xut phn bn hn hp NPK trong nc. Bn cnh , Cng ty cn xut khu cc loi phn bn trong nc sn xut c nh phn u-r, phn ln, phn DAP i cc nc nh Hn Quc, Nht

Bn, i Loan, Malaysia, n , Sri-lan-ka, Bng-la-t vi kim ngch xut khu hng nm khong vi chc triu USD. Cng ty sn xut phn khong trn hn hp NPK ti x nghip sn xut phn bn H Anh, vi cc sn phm nh: phn NPK-S 5-10-3.8, NPK 10-5-3 dng cho bn lt, phn NPK 12-5-10 dng cho bn thc v phn NPK 16-16-8, phn NPK 16-8-16, phn NPK 18-4-18, phn NPK 13-13-13 cht lng cao p ng nhu cu ca nng dn H Ni v cc tnh min Bc.

Hnh nh mt s mu sn phm ch yu ca cng ty ang nhp khu, sn xut v kinh doanh.

S tay Phn bn v c

66 67

S tay Phn bn v c

Mt S DOanh nGhIP LntROnG Lnh vc Phn bn

cc cng ty thuc Petrovietnam

cc cng ty thuc vinachem

cc cng ty khc

hnG Dn IU KIn Sn XUt, KInh DOanh Phn bn v c thEO QUy nh ca thnG t S 29/2014/tt-bct

iu 5. Hng dn thc hin iu kin sn xut phn bn v c

Cc iu kin sn xut phn bn v c quy nh ti cc im a, b, c, d Khon 2 iu 8 Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP ngy 27 thng 11 nm 2013 ca Chnh ph v qun l phn bn (sau y gi tt l Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP) c hng dn thc hin nh sau:

1. Din tch mt bng, nh xng, kho cha nguyn liu, kho cha thnh phm phn bn phi ph hp vi cng sut sn xut. Cng sut ti thiu ca c s sn xut phn bn v c c quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo Thng t ny.

2. Dy chuyn sn xut phi p ng cng sut sn xut, c c gii ha v phi bo m c cht lng loi phn bn sn xut. My mc, thit b sn xut phn bn phi c ngun gc r rng v hp php. My mc, thit b c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton v thit b o lng th nghim phi c kim nh, hiu chun, hiu chnh theo quy nh.

S tay Phn bn v c

68 69

S tay Phn bn v c

3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut i vi tng loi phn bn phi ph hp vi my mc thit b v cng sut sn xut.

4. Phng th nghim ca c s sn xut phn bn phi c kh nng phn tch c cc ch tiu cht lng quy nh ti quy chun k thut quc gia i vi sn phm u ra v cc ch tiu cht lng quy nh ti tiu chun p dng i vi nguyn liu u vo kim sot cht lng sn phm.

C s sn xut phn bn v c khng c phng th nghim hoc c phng th nghim nhng khng th nghim c ht cc ch tiu cht lng quy nh ti quy chun k thut quc gia th phi c hp ng vi phng th nghim c ch nh hoc c cng nhn kim sot cht lng phn bn sn phm.

5. Kho cha nguyn liu, kho cha thnh phm phn bn phi ph hp vi nng lc, cng sut sn xut. Kho cha c cc phng tin bo qun cht lng phn bn trong thi gian lu gi. Phn bn xp trong kho phi m bo yu cu an ton cho ngi lao ng v hng ho. Kho cha phn bn phi c ni quy th hin c ni dung v m bo cht lng phn bn v v sinh, an ton lao ng.

6. T chc, c nhn thu t chc, c nhn khc sn xut phn bn v c phi c hp ng lp thnh

vn bn v phi p ng cc iu kin v ch th theo quy nh ti Khon 1 iu 8 Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP. T chc, c nhn nhn thu sn xut phn bn v c phi p ng cc iu kin v ch th quy nh ti Khon 1 iu 8 Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP v yu cu v c s vt cht k thut, ti liu k thut quy nh t Khon 1 n Khon 5 iu ny. T chc, c nhn thu t chc, c nhn khc sn xut phn bn v c lp h s ngh cp Giy php sn xut phn bn v c theo quy nh ti iu 6 Thng t ny.

iu 13. Hng dn thc hin iu kin kinh doanh phn bn v c

Cc iu kin kinh doanh phn bn v c quy nh ti cc Khon 2, 3, 4, 5 iu 15 Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP c hng dn thc hin nh sau:

1. Ca hng hoc a im kinh doanh, ni by bn phn bn v c phi c bin hiu, c bng gi bn cng khai tng loi phn bn, nim yt ti ni d thy, d c. Phn bn by bn phi c xp t ring, khng ln vi cc loi hng ha khc, phi c bo qun ni kh ro, m bo gi c cht lng phn bn v iu kin v sinh mi trng.

S tay Phn bn v c

70 71

S tay Phn bn v c

2. Bao b, cc dng c, thit b cha ng, lu gi, vn chuyn phi bo m c cht lng phn bn, bo m v sinh mi trng, khng r r, pht tn phn bn ra ngoi nh hng n mi trng xung quanh. Phi c bin php x l bao b, v chai, l v phn bn qu hn s dng.

3. Kho cha phi m bo cc yu cu v v tr xy dng, yu cu v thit k ph hp vi phn bn ang kinh doanh, p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng, v phng chng chy n. Trong kho cha, phn bn phi c xp t ring r, khng ln vi cc loi hng ha khc.

4. Phn bn nhp khu phi c nhn mc, ngun gc xut x theo quy nh ca php lut, thng bo kt qu kim tra nh nc cht lng nhp khu phn bn i vi l hng nhp khu trc khi lu thng. Phn bn trong nc phi c ha n, chng t hp php chng minh r ngun gc ni sn xut, ni nhp khu hoc ni cung cp loi phn bn kinh doanh.

5. i vi cc ca hng bn l phn bn v c, trng hp khng c kho cha th cc cng c, thit b cha ng phn bn phi m bo c cht lng phn bn, v sinh mi trng v phng, chng chy n.

tRch nhIM ca a PhnG tROnG QUn L Phn bn v c thEO QUy nh

ca thnG t S 29/2014/tt-bct

iu 29. Trch nhim ca S Cng Thng tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng

1. Trnh y ban nhn dn cp tnh ban hnh cc chnh sch h tr sn xut, kinh doanh phn bn v c thuc a bn qun l.

2. Tip nhn bn cng b hp quy phn bn v c, lp danh sch cc t chc, c nhn ng k cng b hp quy v gi Thng bo xc nhn cng b hp quy cht lng phn bn v c v B Cng Thng (Cc Ha cht) theo quy nh ti iu 21 Thng t ny.

3. Ch tr, phi hp vi cc c quan lin quan t chc tuyn truyn, ph bin v t chc hng dn php lut, cung cp thng tin v cht lng phn bn v c cho t chc, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng. Tip nhn ngh ca cc t chc, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh phn bn v c t chc hi tho, gii thiu m hnh phn bn v c theo quy nh ca php lut.

72 73

S tay Phn bn v c

4. Thanh tra, kim tra, x l vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc phn bn v c thuc a bn qun l theo quy nh ca php lut. nh k kim tra hot ng kinh doanh phn bn thuc a bn qun l theo quy nh ti iu 13 Thng t ny. Tham gia phi hp vi B Cng Thng, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn trong kim tra, gim st, gii quyt khiu ni, t co, x l vi phm hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh phn bn v c thuc a bn qun l.

iu 30. Trch nhim ca c quan Qun l th trng a phng

Chi cc Qun l th trng cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c trch nhim ch tr, phi hp vi cc c quan, n v c lin quan thanh tra, kim tra vic tun th php lut trong hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, cht lng phn bn theo ch o ca y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng, Cc Qun l th trng, S Cng Thng trn a bn c giao qun l v x l vi phm hnh chnh theo quy nh ca php lut.

Mt S vn bn QUy PhM PhP LUt hIn hnh v QUn L Phn bn

STT VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT

1. Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP ngy 27 thng 11 nm 2013 ca Chnh ph v qun l phn bn.

2. Ngh nh s 163/2013/N-CP ngy 12 thng 11 nm 2013 quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc ha cht, phn bn v vt liu n cng nghip.

3 Ngh nh 80/2013/N-CP ngy 19 thng 7 nm 2013 quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc tiu chun, o lng v cht lng sn phm, hng ha.

4 Thng t 29/2014/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng v vic quy nh c th v hng dn thc hin mt s iu v phn bn v c, hng dn vic cp php sn xut phn bn v c ng thi sn xut phn bn hu c v phn bn khc ti Ngh nh 202/2013/N-CP ngy ngy 27 thng 11 nm 2013 ca Chnh ph v qun l phn bn.

5 Thng t s 41/2014/TT-BNNPTNT ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn : Hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 202/2013/N-CP ngy 27 thng 11 nm 2013 ca Chnh ph v qun l phn bn thuc trch nhim qun l nh nc ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn

6 Thng t 19/2014/TT-BKHCN ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2014 Hng dn thc hin mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2013/N-CP ngy 19/7/2013 ca Chnh ph quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc tiu chun, o lng v cht lng sn phm, hng ha

S tay Phn bn v c

A CH S IN THOI LIN H CN THIT

[1] CC HA CHT - B CNG THNGa ch: 21 Ng Quyn, Hon Kim, H Niin thoi: 04 222 05 058; 04.22205146, Fax: 04.22205.038

[2] HI NNG DN VIT NAMa ch: s 9, ph Tn Tht Thuyt, Cu Giy, H Ni. in thoi: (04) 38.456.137 (s my l 403)

[3] TW HIP HI PHN BN VIT NAMa ch: P.1007 - Nh E3A - Khu th mi Yn Ho - Cu Giy - H Niin thoi 0439977978. Fax: 04.62691730

[4] CC QUN L TH TRNG - B CNG THNGa ch: 91 inh Tin Hong, Hon Kim, H Niin thoi: 04 222 05 058; 04.22205146 * Fax: 04.22205.038

[5] CC XUT NHP KHU - B CNG THNGa ch: 54 Hai B Trng, Hon Kim, H Niin thoi: 04 222 05520 * Fax: 04.22202.525

[6] CC TRNG TRT - B NN&PTNTa ch: 02 Ngc H, Ba nh, H Niin thoi : 04.38234651 * Fax: 04.37344967.

74 75

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1.] http://www.moit.gov.vn

[2.]. www.cuctrongtrot.gov.vn

[3.] http://www.vnfav.com

[4.] http://www.dpm.vn

[5.] http://www.pvcfc.com.vn

[6.] http://www.agricam.com.vn

[7.] http://apromaco.vn

[8] http://supelamthao.vn

[9] http://www.vnfav.com

[10] http://tinphanbon.com

[11] http://www.haifa-group.com

[12.] http://www.phanbonmiennam.com.vn

[13.] http://binhdien.com

[14.] http://www.namsaogroup.com

[15.] http://iqc.com.vn

S tay Phn bn v c S tay Phn bn v c

S TAYMT S KIN THC V PHN BN V C

Chu trch nhim xut bn:..............................

Chu trch nhim ni dung:NguYN KIM LIN

Bin tp: VN HuY VNgCh bn: VN HuY VNg

Trnh by ba: VN HuY VNgSa bn in: NguYN CH THANH

In 5000 cun, kh 10 x 14.5 cm, ti Cng ty ...................................Quyt nh xut bn s: .........................................................

In xong v np lu chiu qu III nm 2015

KN

PFe

B

Mo

Mn

Zn

CoCa

MgS

Si

S TAYMT S KIN THC V

PHN BN V C

B CNG THNGCC HA CHT

CC Cht diNh dNg a LNg

N: NO3-, Nh4 +P: h2PO4

-, hPO4 2-

K: K +, K2O

CC Cht diNh dNg truNg LNg

Ca: Ca2 + ; Mg: Mg2 +S: SO4

2- ; Si: SiO2

CC Cht diNh dNg Vi LNgFe: Fe3 +, Fe2 +B: h3BO3

-...Cu: Cu +, Cu2 +Mo: MoO4

2 +

Mn: Mn2 +Zn: Zn2 +Co: Co2 +

Nm 2015

Ht ngc ma vng

CNG TY C PHN PHN BN Du KH C Maua ch: L D, Khu CN Phng 1, ng Ng Quyn, Phng 1, Tp. C Mauin thoi: 0780. 381 9000Fax: 0780. 359 0501CSKH: 0780. 3536 999

CNG TY C PHN SuPE PHT PHT V Ha CHT LM THaOWebsite: lafchemco.com.vn; supelamthao.vn

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