21. Telebap v. Comelec

8/19/2019 21. Telebap v. Comelec

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G.R. No. 132922. April 21, 1998.*

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND BROADCAST ATTORNEYS OF

TE !ILI!!INES, INC. "#$ GMA NET%OR&, INC.,

p'(i(io#'r), ). TE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS,

r')po#$'#(.

Co#)(i(+(io#"l L"- R''$i"l L"- !"r(/- A 0i(i'# ill '

"llo'$ (o r"i)' " 0o#)(i(+(io#"l +')(io# o#l/ 4'# 4' 0"#

)4o (4"( 4' 4") p'r)o#"ll/ )+5'r'$ )o' "0(+"l or

(4r'"('#'$ i#6+r/ ") " r')+l( o7 (4' "ll''$l/ ill'"l 0o#$+0(

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04"ll'#'$ "0(io#- "#$ (4' i#6+r/ i) li'l/ (o ' r'$r'))'$

/ " 7"or"l' "0(io#.:I# (4o)' 0")') i# 4i04 0i(i'#)

'r' "+(4ori'$ (o )+', (4i) Co+r( +p4'l$ (4'ir )("#$i# i#

i' o7 (4' ;(r"#)0'#$'#("l ipor("#0'< o7 (4'0o#)(i(+(io#"l +')(io# r"i)'$ 4i04 6+)(i='$ (4' r"#(i#

o7 r'li'7. I# 0o#(r")(, i# (4' 0")' "( "r, ") ill pr')'#(l/ '

)4o#, p'(i(io#'r)> )+)("#(i' 0l"i i) i(4o+( 'ri(. To

(4' '?('#(, (4'r'7or', (4"( " p"r(/>) )("#$i# i) $'('ri#'$

/ (4' )+)("#(i' 'ri( o7 4i) 0")' or " pr'lii#"r/

')(i"(' (4'r'o7, p'(i(io#'r TELEBA! +)( ' 4'l$ (o '

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(4' i#6+r/ i) li'l/ (o ' r'$r'))'$ / " 7"or"l' "0(io#.

M''r) o7 p'(i(io#'r 4"' #o( )4o# (4"( (4'/ 4"'

)+5'r'$ 4"r ") " r')+l( o7 (4' op'r"(io# o7 @92 o7 B.!. Bl.

881.

S"'- S"'- S"'- M''r) o7 p'(i(io#'r TELEBA! $o #o(

4"' "# i#('r')( ") r'i)('r'$ o('r) )i#0' (4i) 0")' $o')

#o( 0o#0'r# (4'ir ri4( o7 )+5r"'.:Nor $o ''r) o7

p'(i(io#'r TELEBA! 4"' "# i#('r')( ") r'i)('r'$ o('r)

)i#0' (4i) 0")' $o') #o( 0o#0'r# (4'ir ri4( o7 )+5r"'.

T4'ir i#('r')( i# @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881 )4o+l$ ' pr'0i)'l/ i#

+p4ol$i# i() "li$i(/.

S"'- S"'- S"'- M+04 l')) $o (4'/ 4"' "# i#('r')( ")

("?p"/'r) )i#0' (4i) 0")' $o') #o( i#ol' (4' '?'r0i)' /

Co#r')) o7 i() ("?i# or )p'#$i# po'r.:M+04 l')) $o

(4'/ 4"' "# i#('r')( ") ("?p"/'r) )i#0' (4i) 0")' $o') #o(

i#ol' (4' '?'r0i)' / Co#r')) o7 i() ("?i# or )p'#$i#

po'r. A p"r(/ )+i# ") " ("?p"/'r +)( )p'0i=0"ll/ )4o

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' $il+('$ +#l')) (4' p"r(/ i# 0o+r( i) "llo'$ (o ')po+)'

(4' (4ir$ p"r(/>) 0o#)(i(+(io#"l 0l"i. No#' o7 (4')'


2/28

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r'pr')'#("(i') o7 (4' "5'0('$ 0op"#i').

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GMA N'(or, I#0., "pp'"r) (o 4"' (4' r'+i)i(' )("#$i#

(o ri# (4i) 0o#)(i(+(io#"l 04"ll'#'. !'(i(io#'r op'r"(')

r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# ro"$0")( )("(io#) i# (4' !4ilippi#')

"5'0('$ / (4' '#7or0''#( o7 @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881

r'+iri# r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# ro"$0")( 0op"#i') (o

proi$' 7r'' "ir(i' (o (4' COMELEC 7or (4' +)' o7 0"#$i$"(') 7or 0"p"i# "#$ o(4'r poli(i0"l p+rpo)').

!'(i(io#'r 0l"i) (4"( i( )+5'r'$ lo))') r+##i# (o )''r"l

illio# p')o) i# proi$i# COMELEC Ti' i# 0o##'0(io#

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3/28

o7 " $+(/ ol+#("ril/ "))+'$ / p'(i(io#'r i# "00'p(i# "

p+li0 r"#( o7 priil''.:I( i) #o('or(4/ (4"( @9 o7 R.A.

No. 388, 7ro 4i04 @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881 ") ("'#,

'?pr'))l/ proi$'$ (4"( (4' COMELEC Ti' )4o+l$ ;'

0o#)i$'r'$ ") p"r( o7 (4' p+li0 )'ri0' (i' )"i$ )("(io#)

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(o )+ppo)' (4"( @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881 0o#)i$'r) (4' COMELEC

Ti' (4'r'i# proi$'$ (o ' o(4'ri)' (4"# ") " p+li0

)'ri0' 4i04 p'(i(io#'r i) r'+ir'$ (o r'#$'r +#$'r @ o7 i()

04"r('r R.A. No. H22. I# )+, B.!. Bl. 881, @92 i) #o( "#

i#"li$ "'#$'#( o7 p'(i(io#'r>) 7r"#04i)' +( (4'

'#7or0''#( o7 " $+(/ ol+#("ril/ "))+'$ / p'(i(io#'r i#

"00'p(i# " p+li0 r"#( o7 priil''.

ROMERO, J., Di))'#(i# Opi#io#

Co#)(i(+(io#"l L"- Ei#'#( Do"i#- S'0(io# 92 o7 B! 881,

i#)o7"r ") i( r'+ir') r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# )("(io#) (o

proi$' Co'l'0 i(4 r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# (i' 7r'' o7

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prop'r(/ )4"ll #o( ' ("'# 7or p+li0 +)' i(4o+( 6+)(

0op'#)"(io#. %4il' i( i) i#4'r'#( i# (4' S("(', (4'

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('l'i)io# "#$ r"$io )("(io#) (o proi$' i( i(4 "ir(i' 7r''

o7 04"r'.


4/28

ITUG, J., S'p"r"(' Opi#io#

Co#)(i(+(io#"l L"- Ei#'#( Do"i#- Fr"#04i)')- T4'

"))"il'$ l" 4") #o( 7"il'$ i# ''(i# (4' )("#$"r$) )'(7or(4 7or i() l"7+l '?'r0i)'.:I# (4i) 0")', (4' "))"il'$ l",

i# / i', 4") #o( 7"il'$ i# ''(i# (4' )("#$"r$) )'(

7or(4 7or i() l"7+l '?'r0i)', i.'., " (4"( i() +(ili"(io# i)

$'"#$'$ / (4' i#('r')() o7 (4' p+li0, "#$ (4"( (4'

'"#) 'plo/'$ "r' r'")o#"l/ #'0'))"r/, "#$ #o( +#$+l/

oppr'))i', 7or (4' "00opli)4'#( o7 (4' p+rpo)') "#$

o6'0(i') o7 (4' l".

!ANGANIBAN, J., Di))'#(i# Opi#io#

Co#)(i(+(io#"l L"- Ei#'#( Do"i#- Fr"#04i)')- T4'

i#o0"(io# o7 (4' ;0oo# oo$< $o') #o( '?0+)' (4'

+#ri$l'$ "#$ 0l'"rl/ '?0'))i' ("i# o7 " 7r"#04i)''>)

prop'r(/.:T4' S("(' $o') #o( o# (4' "ir"') "#$

ro"$0")( 7r'+'#0i'). I( 'r'l/ "llo0"('), )+p'ri)') "#$

r'+l"(') (4'ir prop'r +)'. T4+), o(4'r (4"# 0oll'0(i#

)+p'ri)io# or r'+l"(or/ 7'') 4i04 i( "lr'"$/ $o'), i(

0"##o( '?"0( "#/ o#'ro+) "#$ +#r'")o#"l' po)( 7"0(o

+r$'#) 7ro (4' 7r"#04i)' 4ol$'r), i(4o+( $+' pro0'))

"#$ 6+)( 0op'#)"(io#. Mor'o'r, (4' i#o0"(io# o7 (4'

;0oo# oo$< $o') #o( '?0+)' (4' +#ri$l'$ "#$ 0l'"rl/

'?0'))i' ("i# o7 " 7r"#04i)''>) prop'r(/.

!ETITION 7or r'i' o7 " $'0i)io# o7 (4' Coi))io# o#

El'0(io#).

T4' 7"0() "r' )("('$ i# (4' opi#io# o7 (4' Co+r(.

G"r0i", G"r0i" "#$ O# "#o L" O0')- !"lo Jo4#

G"r0i", Jr.- F'r#"#$o M". Al'r(o "#$ Ro'r !"#o(').

MENDOA, J.

I# O)'" . COMELEC, G.R. No. 132231, $'0i$'$ M"r04

31, 1998,1 ' +p4'l$ (4' "li$i(/ o7 @11 o7 R.A. No.

4i04 pro4ii() (4' )"l' or $o#"(io# o7 pri#( )p"0' or

"ir(i' 7or poli(i0"l "$), '?0'p( (o (4' Coi))io# o#

El'0(io#) +#$'r @9, o7 B.!. No. 881, (4' O#i+) El'0(io#Co$', i(4 r')p'0( (o pri#( '$i", "#$ @92, i(4 r')p'0( (o

ro"$0")( '$i". I# (4' pr')'#( 0")', ' 0o#)i$'r (4'

"li$i(/ o7 @92 o7 B.!. Bl. No. 881 ""i#)( 0l"i) (4"( (4'

r'+ir''#( (4"( r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# (i' ' i'# 7r''

("') prop'r(/ i(4o+( $+' pro0')) o7 l"- (4"( i( iol"(')

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proi$') 7or (4' p"/'#( o7 6+)( 0op'#)"(io#- (4"( i(

$'#i') ro"$0")( '$i" (4' '+"l pro('0(io# o7 (4' l")-

"#$ (4"(, i# "#/ ''#(, i( iol"(') (4' ('r) o7 (4' 7r"#04i)'

o7 p'(i(io#'r GMA N'(or, I#0.

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"#$ ('l'i)io# ro"$0")(i# 0op"#i'). T4'/ "r' )+i# ")

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5/28

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li'l/ (o ' r'$r'))'$ / " 7"or"l' "0(io#.3 M''r) o7

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11/28

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12/28

oppor(+#i(/, (i', "#$ (4' ri4( (o r'pl/ ") "#$"('$ /

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' i#0orpor"('$ i# R.A. No. H22. A#$, i#$''$, @ o7 (4'

l"(('r )("(+(' $o').

For (4' 7"0( i) (4"( (4' $+(/ ipo)'$ o# (4' GMA N'(or,

I#0. / i() 7r"#04i)' (o r'#$'r ;"$'+"(' p+li0 )'ri0'

(i'< ipl''#() @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881. U#$o+('$l/, i()

p+rpo)' i) (o '#"l' (4' o'r#'#( (o 0o+#i0"(' i(4

(4' p'opl' o# "(('r) o7 p+li0 i#('r')(. T4+), R.A. No.

H22 proi$')

SEC. . R')po#)iili(/ (o (4' !+li0.:T4' r"#('' )4"ll

proi$' "$'+"(' p+li0 )'ri0' (i' (o '#"l' (4'

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)+, B.!. Bl. 881, @92 i) #o( "# i#"li$ "'#$'#( o7

p'(i(io#'r>) 7r"#04i)' +( (4' '#7or0''#( o7 " $+(/

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13/28

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$+ri# (4' p'rio$ o7 (4' 0"p"i# )4"ll ' ;7r'' o7 04"r'.<

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R')ol+(io# No. 2983A i) i#"li$, i( 0"##o( ' i#o'$ /(4' p"r(i').

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o7 )+04 )("(io#).


14/28

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15/28

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16/28

To "r (4' "li$i(/ o7 @92 o7 B.!. Bl. 881 i) (o 4ol$ p+li0

ro"$0")('r) (o (4'ir oli"(io# (o )'' (o i( (4"( (4' "ri'(/

"#$ ior o7 p+li0 $'"(' o# i))+') i# "# 'l'0(io# i)

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"+(o#o/ o7 ro"$0")( '$i". To "r (4' "li$i(/ o7 @92,

(4'r'7or', i) li'i)' (o +p4ol$ (4' p'opl'>) ri4( (o

i#7or"(io# o# "(('r) o7 p+li0 0o#0'r#. T4' +)' o7

prop'r(/ '"r) " )o0i"l 7+#0(io# "#$ i) )+6'0( (o (4'

)("('>) $+(/ (o i#('r'#' 7or (4' 0oo# oo$. Bro"$0")(

'$i" 0"# =#$ (4'ir 6+)( "#$ 4i4')( r'"r$ i# (4' 7"0( (4"(

4"(''r "l(r+i)(i0 )'ri0' (4'/ "/ r'#$'r i# 0o##'0(io#

i(4 (4' 4ol$i# o7 'l'0(io#) i) 7or (4"( 0oo# oo$.

For (4' 7or'oi# r'")o#), (4' p'(i(io# i) $i)i))'$.

SO ORDERED.

N"r")" C.J., R'"l"$o, D"i$', Jr., B'llo)illo, M'lo,

!+#o, &"p+#"#, M"r(i#' "#$ P+i)+i#, JJ., 0o#0+r.

Ro'ro, J., !l'")' )'' Di))'#(i# Opi#io#.

i(+, J., !l'")' )'' S'p"r"(' Opi#io#.

!"#"#i"#, J., !l'")' )'' Di))'#(i# Opi#io#.

!+ri)i", J., I 6oi# (4' Di))'#(i# Opi#io# o7 J+)(i0')

Ro'ro W !"#"#i"#.

DISSENTING O!INION

ROMERO, J.

S'0(io# 92 o7 B! 881 0o#)(i(+(') ("i# o7 pri"(' prop'r(/

i(4o+( 6+)( 0op'#)"(io#. T4' po'r o7 'i#'#( $o"i#

i) " po'r i#4'r'#( i# )o'r'i#(/ "#$ r'+ir') #o

0o#)(i(+(io#"l proi)io# (o i' i( 7or0'. I( i) (4' ri4(7+l

"+(4ori(/ 4i04 '?i)() i# ''r/ )o'r'i#(/, (o 0o#(rol "#$

r'+l"(' (4o)' ri4() o7 " p+li0 #"(+r' 4i04 p'r("i# (o i()

0i(i'#) i# 0oo#, "#$ (o "ppropri"(' "#$ 0o#(rol

i#$ii$+"l prop'r(/ 7or (4' p+li0 '#'=( ") (4' p+li0

)"7'(/, #'0'))i(/, 0o#'#i'#0' or 'l7"r' $'"#$.1 T4'ri4( (o "ppropri"(' pri"(' prop'r(/ (o p+li0 +)',

4o''r, li') $or"#( i# (4' )("(' +#(il l'i)l"(i' "0(io# i)

4"$, poi#(i# o+( (4' o00")io#), (4' o$'), (4' 0o#$i(io#)

"#$ "'#0i') 7or i() "ppropri"(io#.2

S'0(io# 92 o7 B! 881 )("(')

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"#$ ('l'i)io# (i' (o ' #o# ") ;Co'l'0 Ti'< 4i04

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proi$'$ (o r')po#$'#( Co'l'0 7r'' o7 04"r'

UNCONSTITUTIONAL.


20/28

SE!ARATE O!INION

ITUG, J.

I "))'#( i# o)( p"r( (o (4' 'll0o#)i$'r'$ opi#io# ri(('#

/ Mr. J+)(i0' i0'#(' . M'#$o" i# 4i) po#'#0i",

p"r(i0+l"rl/, i# 4ol$i# (4"( p'(i(io#'r TELEBA! l"0) lo0+)

)("#$i i# =li# (4' i#)("#( p'(i(io# "#$ i# $'0l"ri# (4"(

S'0(io# 92 o7 B"(") !""#)" Bl. 881 i) " l'i(i"('

'?'r0i)' o7 poli0' po'r o7 (4' S("('.

T4' r"#( o7 7r"#04i)' (o ro"$0")( '$i" i) " priil''

+r$'#'$ i(4 r')po#)iili(i'). %4il' i( i), prior$i"ll/, "

+)i#')) '#('rpri)', i( #''r(4'l')), "l)o "$$r'))') i#

"#/ "/) 0'r("i# ip'r"(i') o7 p+li0 )'ri0'. I# S(o#'

). Mi))i))ippi 11 U.S. 81, 0i('$ i# Cr+, Co#)(i(+(io#"l

L", 199 '$., p. , " 0")' i#oli# " 7r"#04i)' (o )'lllo(('ri') 4i04 p'(i(io#'r 0l"i) (o ' " 0o#(r"0( 4i04

"/ #o( ' ip"ir'$, (4' U#i('$ S("(') S+pr'' Co+r(

opi#'$

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I 0"##o( 0o#)i$'r COMELEC R')ol+(io# No. 2983A,

p"r(i0+l"rl/ S'0(io# 2 (4'r'o7, ") 'i# i# 0o#(r"'#(io# o7 B.!. No. 881. T4'r' i) #o(4i# i# (4' l" (4"( pro4ii() (4'

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I o(' (o DISMISS (4' p'(i(io#.

DISSENTING O!INION

!ANGANIBAN, J.

A( i))+' i# (4i) 0")' i) (4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"li(/ o7 S'0(io# 92 o7

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21/28

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22/28

oo$ )o r'+ir').


23/28

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"#)'r (4i) +')(io#, I o "0 (o !4ilippi#' !r')) I#)(i(+(',

I#0. ). Coi))io# o# El'0(io#), 4'r' " +#"#io+)

S+pr'' Co+r( 4'l$13

;To 0op'l pri#( '$i" 0op"#i') (o $o#"(' Co'l'0

)p"0'> o7 (4' $i'#)io#) )p'0i='$ i# S'0(io# 2 o7

R')ol+(io# No. 2HH2 #o( l')) (4"# o#'4"l7 p"', "o+#()

(o ("i#> o7 pri"(' p'r)o#"l prop'r(/ 7or p+li0 +)' or

p+rpo)'). S'0(io# 2 7"il'$ (o )p'0i7/ (4' i#('#$'$

7r'+'#0/ o7 )+04 0op+l)or/ $o#"(io#> o#l/ o#0' $+ri#

(4' p'rio$ 7ro M"r04 199 or 21 M"r04 199 +#(il 12

M"/ 199 or ''r/$"/ or o#0' " '' or ") o7('# ")

Co'l'0 "/ $ir'0( $+ri# (4' )"' p'rio$ T4' '?('#( o7

(4' ("i# or $'pri"(io# i) #o( i#)+)("#(i"l- (4i) i) #o( "

0")' o7 " $' i#ii) ('por"r/ lii("(io# or r')(r"i#( +po#

(4' +)' o7 pri"(' prop'r(/. T4' o#'("r/ "l+' o7 (4'

0op+l)or/ $o#"(io#,> '")+r'$ / (4' "$'r(i)i# r"(')

or$i#"ril/ 04"r'$ / #')p"p'r p+li)4'r) 4'(4'r i#

0i(i') or i# #o#+r"# "r'"), "/ ' 'r/ )+)("#(i"l

i#$''$.< Ep4")i) i# orii#"l

;Coo# Goo$< Do') No( J+)(i7/ U#ri$l'$ T"i# o7

Fr"#04i)''>) Bro"$0")( Ti'

Li' (4' +')(io#'$ r')ol+(io# i# !!I, S'0(io# 92 0o#("i#)

#o lii( ") (o (4' "o+#( "#$ r'0+rr'#0' o7 (4' ;$o#"(io#<

o7 "ir(i' (4"( Co'l'0 0"# $'"#$ 7ro r"$io "#$ T)("(io#). T4'r' "r' #o +i$'li#') or )("#$"r$) proi$'$ ")

(o (4' 04oi0' o7 )("(io#), (i' "#$ 7r'+'#0/ o7 "iri#, "#$

pror") (o ' "ir'$. T4'or'(i0"ll/, Co'l'0 0"# 0op'l

(4' +)' o7 "ll (4' "ir(i' o7 " )("(io#. T4' 7"0( (4"( Co'l'0

4") #o( '?'r0i)'$ i() r"#('$ po'r "ri(r"ril/ i) i"('ri"l

'0"+)' (4' l", ") or$'$, "$i() o7 +#ri$l'$ '?'r0i)'.

;A )("(+(' i) 0o#)i$'r'$ oi$ 7or o'rr'"$(4 4'# i(

o5'#$) (4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l pri#0ipl' (4"( " o'r#'#("l

p+rpo)' (o 0o#(rol or pr''#( "0(ii(i') 0o#)(i(+(io#"ll/

)+6'0( (o )("(' r'+l"(io#) "/ #o( ' "04i''$ / '"#)

4i04 )''p +##'0'))"ril/ ro"$l/ "#$ (4'r'/ i#"$' (4'

"r'" o7 pro('0('$ 7r''$o).> i0l'r . &oo(", 19 L '$ 2$

Q19H. I# " )'ri') o7 $'0i)io#) (4i) Co+r( 4") 4'l$

(4"(, ''# (4o+4 (4' o'r#'#("l p+rpo)' ' l'i(i"('

"#$ )+)("#(i"l, (4"( p+rpo)' 0"##o( ' p+r)+'$ / '"#)

(4"( ro"$l/ )(iK' 7+#$"'#("l p'r)o#"l li'r(i') 4'# (4'

'#$ 0"# ' or' #"rrol/ "04i''$. T4' r'"$(4 o7

l'i)l"(i' "ri$'#( +)( ' i''$ i# (4' li4( o7 l'))

$r")(i0 '"#) 7or "04i'i# (4' )"' ")i0 p+rpo)'.


24/28

Co+r( 0o+l$ $i)0'r# "# o'rr'"$(4 (4"( "') po))il'

oppr'))i' or 0"pri0io+) "ppli0"(io#> o7 (4' )("(+(or/

proi)io#), (4' li#' $ii$i# (4' "li$ 7ro (4'

0o#)(i(+(io#"ll/ i#=r 4") ''# 0ro))'$. S+04 proi)io#)

o5'#$ (4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l pri#0ipl' (4"( " o'r#'#("l

p+rpo)' (o 0o#(rol or pr''#( "0(ii(i') 0o#)(i(+(io#"ll/)+6'0( (o )("(' r'+l"(io# "/ #o( ' "04i''$ / '"#)

4i04 )''p +##'0'))"ril/ ro"$l/ "#$ (4'r'/ i#"$' (4'

"r'" o7 pro('0('$ 7r''$o).>

;I( i) +#$'#i"l', (4'r'7or', (4"( ''# (4o+4 (4'

o'r#'#("l p+rpo)' ' l'i(i"(' "#$ )+)("#(i"l, (4'/

0"##o( ' p+r)+'$ / '"#) (4"( ro"$l/ )(iK'

7+#$"'#("l p'r)o#"l li'r(i') 4'# (4' '#$ 0"# ' or'

#"rrol/ "04i''$. For pr'0i)io# o7 r'+l"(io# i) (4'

(o+04)(o#' i# "# "r'" )o 0lo)'l/ r'l"('$ (o o+r o)(pr'0io+) 7r''$o).


25/28

)i#i=0"#( )'ri0' i) p'r7or'$ / (4' o'r#'#( i#

'?04"#' 7or (4' '#oro+) 7'') 04"r'$ (4' )("(io#).

Ei$'#(l/, (4' )+) 0oll'0('$ / (4' NTC '?0''$ (4' 0o)(

o7 )'ri0') p'r7or'$ / i(, "#$ "r' (4'r'7or' or'

prop'rl/ +#$'r)(oo$ ") r'#("l 7'') 7or (4' +)' o7 (4'

7r'+'#0i') r"#('$ (4'.2

Si#0' (4' +)' o7 (4' "ir 7r'+'#0i') i) "lr'"$/ p"i$ 7or

"##+"ll/ / (4' ro"$0")( '#(i(i'), (4'r' i) #o ")i) 7or (4'

o'r#'#(, (4ro+4 (4' Co'l'0, (o 0op'l +#ri$l'$

$o#"(io# o7 (4' "ir(i' o7 )"i$ 0op"#i') i(4o+( $+'

pro0')) "#$ i(4o+( p"/'#( o7 6+)( 0op'#)"(io#.

I# 7"0(, ''# i# (4' 0")' o7 )("('o#'$ r')o+r0') r'7'rr'$

(o '"rli'r:li' oil, i#'r"l) "#$ 0o"l:o#0' (4' li0'#)' (o

'?ploi( "#$ $''lop (4' i) r"#('$ (o " pri"('

0orpor"(io#, (4' o'r#'#( 0"# #o lo#'r "ri(r"ril/

0o#=)0"(' or "ppropri"(' (4' r"(i) +#$'r (4' +i)' o7

)'ri# (4' 0oo# oo$. Cr+$' oil, 7or i#)("#0', o#0'

'?plor'$, $rill'$, "#$ r'=#'$ i) (4'r'"7('r 0o#)i$'r'$ (4'

prop'r(/ o7 (4' "+(4ori'$ '?plor'r or r'=#'r 4i04 0"#

)'ll i( (o (4' p+li0 "#$ ''# (o (4' o'r#'#( i()'l7. T4'

S("(' )ipl/ 0"##o( $'"#$ 7r'' ")oli#' 7or (4' op'r"(io#

o7 p+li0 7"0ili(i') ''# i7 (4'/ '#'=( (4' p'opl' i#

'#'r"l. I( )(ill 4") (o p"/ 0op'#)"(io# (4'r'7or.

III. Air"') U)'l')) %i(4o+( +' I#')('#( o7 Bro"$0")(Cop"#i')

S'((i# +p "#$ op'r"(i# " 0r'$il' ro"$0")(i# #'(or

r'+ir') illio#) o7 p')o) i# i#')('#(). I( i) pr'0i)'l/ (4'

ro"$0")( li0'#)''>) +)' o7 " )("('r"#('$ 7r"#04i)' or

priil'' 4i04 o00")io#) i() "0+i)i(io# o7 pri"(' prop'r(/

i# (4' 7or o7 ro"$0")( 7"0ili(i') "#$ i() pro$+0(io# o7

"ir(i'. T4')' prop'r(i') "r' $i)(i#0( 7ro i() 7r"#04i)'.21

T4' 199 A+$i('$ Co#)oli$"('$ B"l"#0' S4''( o7 !'(i(io#'r

GMA, o# =l' i(4 (4' SEC, )4o) (4"( i() ;prop'r(/ "#$

'+ip'#(,< 4i04 i( +)') i# i() ro"$0")( 7+#0(io#, "o+#((o o'r o#' illio# p')o) or, (o ' '?"0(, !1,2,H1,8H.22

T4i) $o') #o( i#0l+$' (4' 0o)( o7 pro$+0i# (4' pror") (o

' ro"$0")(, ("l'#( 7'') "#$ o(4'r ")p'0() o7

ro"$0")(i#. I# (4'ir M'or"#$+,23 p'(i(io#'r) '?pl"i#

(4"( (4' (o("l 0o)( 7or GMA (o )("/ o# (4' "ir 7or ('l'i)io#

"( pr')'#( i) "ppro?i"('l/ !13,1 p'r 4o+r, 4i04

i#0l+$') 'l'0(ri0i(/, $'pr'0i"(io#, r'p"ir) "#$ "i#('#"#0',

('04#i0"l 7"0ili(i'), )"l"ri'), "#$ )o o#. T4' poi#( i) T4'

7r"#04i)' 4ol$'r) 0"# r'0o'r (4'ir 4+' i#')('#() o#l/

/ )'lli# "ir(i' (o "$'r(i)'r). T4i) i) (4'ir ;pro$+0(,<(4'ir "l+"l' prop'r(/ 4i04 S'0(io# 92 7or0il/ ("') 7ro

(4' i# "))i' "o+#() i(4o+( p"/'#( o7 6+)(

0op'#)"(io#.

I( i) (oo )ipli)(i0 (o )"/ (4"( '0"+)' (4' Co#)(i(+(io#

"llo) Co#r')) (o "l('r 7r"#04i)'), 'ro, "# +#ri$l'$

("i# o7 pri"(' prop'r(/ "/ ' "llo'$. I7 )+04

"ppropri"(io# 'r' o#l/, (o +)' (4' or$) o7 !!I ).

Co'l'0, $' i#ii) or i#)i#i=0"#(:)"/, o#' 4o+r o#0'

or (i0' " o#(4:p'r4"p), i( 0"# ' 6+)(i='$ / (4'

proo(io# o7 (4' ;0oo# oo$.< B+( " ("i# i# (4'

"r"#(+"# "o+#( o7 o'r !8 illio# 7ro !'(i(io#'r GMA

7or (4' 1998 'l'0(io# )'")o# "lo#' i) "# "0(+"l )'i+r' o7

i() pri"(' i#')('#(, "#$ #o( "( "ll " r'")o#"l'

;0op'#)"(io#< or ;"l('r"(io#< 7or (4' ;0oo# oo$.<


26/28

C'r("i#l/, (4i) p"r("') o7 CONFISCATION o7 pri"('

prop'r(/.

%4"( "') (4' ("i# o7 "ir(i' ''# or' o$io+) i) i()

'? po)( 7"0(o #"(+r'. %4'# (4' ro"$0")( 0op"#i')

"0+ir'$ (4'ir 7r"#04i)') "#$ )'( +p (4'ir '?p'#)i'7"0ili(i'), (4'/ 'r' #o( i#7or'$ o7 (4' i'#)i(/ o7 (4'

$o#"(io#) (4'/ "r' #o 0op'll'$ (o i'.

No(' )4o+l$ ' "$', (oo, o7 (4' 7"0( (4"( 4"( S'0(io# 92

("') ""/ i) "ir(i'. Air(i' i) (4' ;=#i)4'$ pro$+0(<

"7('r " )("(io# +)') i() o# ro"$0")( 7"0ili(i'). T4'

7r'+'#0/ i) 6+)( (4' )p'0i=0 ;ro+('< or ;04"##'l< / 4i04

(4i) '$i+ r'"04') (4' T )'() o7 (4' '#'r"l p+li0.

T'04#i0"ll/, (4'r'7or', (4' 4ol')"l' "l('r"(io# / S'0(io#

92 o7 "ll ro"$0")( 7r"#04i)') o+l$ "pp'"r +#r'l"('$ (o

(4' 0op'll'$ $o#"(io#). %4il' (4' '?pr')) o$i=0"(io# i)

i# (4' 7r"#04i)', 4"( S'0(io# 92 r'"ll/ $o') i) (4"( i( ("')

""/ (4' '#$ pro$+0( o7 (4' 7"0ili(i') 4i04 'r' )'( +p

(4ro+4 (4' +)' o7 (4' '#(r'pr'#'+r)> i#')('#() "#$ (4'

ro"$0")('r)> or.

E!ILOGUE

B/ "/ o7 'pilo+', I +)( poi#( o+( (4"( ''# R')po#$'#(

Co'l'0 '?pr'))l/ r'0o#i') (4' #''$ 7or 6+)(

0op'#)"(io#. T4+), S'0(io# 2 o7 i() R')ol+(io# No. 2983A

)("(') (4"( ;Q''r/ r"$io ro"$0")(i# "#$ ('l'i)io#

)("(io# op'r"(i# +#$'r 7r"#04i)' )4"ll r"#( (4'

Coi))io#, +po# p"/'#( o7 6+)( 0op'#)"(io#, "( l'")(

(4ir(/ 3 i#+(') o7 pri' (i' $"il/ (o ' #o# ")

Co'l'0 Ti'> ? ? ?.< A#$ /'(, ''# i(4 )+04 " 6+$i0io+)

l'"l po)i(io# ("'# / (4' 'r/ "'#0/ (")'$ / (4'

Co#)(i(+(io# (o "$i#i)('r 'l'0(io#), (4' "6ori(/ )(illi#)i)() o# "# "ri(r"r/ )'i+r' o7 pr'0io+) prop'r(/

pro$+0'$ "#$ o#'$ / pri"(' '#('rpri)'.

T4"( !'(i(io#'r GMA i) " i"l', ''# pro=("l',

'#('rpri)'2 i) #o "r+'#( 7or )'ii# i() pro=(). T4'

S("(' 0"##o( ro (4' ri04 (o 7''$ (4' poor i# (4' +i)' o7

proo(i# (4' ;0oo# oo$.< Tr+l/, (4' '#$ #''r

6+)(i=') (4' '"#).

I( 0"##o( ' $'#i'$ (4"( (4' "o+#( "#$ (4' '?('#( o7 (4'

"ir(i' $'"#$'$ 7ro GMA i) 4+' "#$ '?ori("#(,

"o+#(i#, I r'p'"(, (o o'r !8 illio# 7or (4' 1998

'l'0(io# )'")o# "lo#'. I7 (4' "ir(i' r'+ir'$ 7ro ;''r/

r"$io "#$ ('l'i)io# )("(io#< i# (4' 0o+#(r/ i# (4'

"#i(+$' )("('$ i# (4' "7or')"i$ Co'l'0 R')ol+(io#

2983A i) "$$'$ +p "#$ 0o)('$, (4' (o("l o+l$ i#$''$ '

)("'ri#:i# )''r"l 4+#$r'$ illio# p')o).

S"0i# o7 +#$i)+i)'$ $i)0rii#"(io# i) (4' 7"0( (4"( i#

!!I ). Co'l'0, (4i) Co+r( 4") r'+ir'$ p"/'#( o7 pri#(

'$i" "$) +(, i# (4i) 0")', 0op'l) ro"$0")( )("(io#) (o$o#"(' (4'ir '#$ pro$+0( o# " "))i' )0"l'. T4' )ipli)(i0

$i)(i#0(io# i'#:(4"( r"$io "#$ T )("(io#) "r' 'r'

r"#('') o7 o'r#'#( 7r"#04i)') 4il' #')p"p'r

0op"#i') "r' #o(:$o') #o( 6+)(i7/ (4' r"#$ l"r0'#/ o7


27/28

pr'0io+) "ir(i'. T4i) i) " iol"(io# #o( o#l/ o7 pri"('

prop'r(/, +( "l)o o7 (4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l ri4( (o '+"l

pro('0(io# i()'l7. T4' pro5'r'$ $i)(i#0(io# '(''# pri#(

"#$ ro"$0")( '$i" i) (oo i#)i#i=0"#( "#$ (oo Ki)/ (o

' " "li$ 6+)(i=0"(io# 7or (4' $i)0rii#"(io#. T4' pri#( "#$

ro"$0")( '$i" "r' '+"l i# (4' )'#)' (4"( o(4 $'ri'(4'ir r''#+') pri#0ip"ll/ 7ro p"i$ "$). T4'/ )4o+l$ (4+)

' (r'"('$ '+"ll/ / (4' l" i# r')p'0( o7 )+04 "$).

To )+ +p, (4' Bill o7 Ri4() o7 o+r Co#)(i(+(io# '?pr'))l/

+"r"#('') (4' 7olloi# ri4()

1. No p'r)o#, 4'(4'r ri04 or poor, )4"ll ' $'pri'$ o7

prop'r(/ i(4o+( $+' pro0')).2

2. S+04 prop'r(/ )4"ll #o( ' ("'# / (4' o'r#'#(,

''# 7or (4' +)' o7 (4' '#'r"l p+li0, i(4o+( =r)( p"/i# 6+)( 0op'#)"(io# (o (4' o#'r.2

3. No o#', r'"r$l')) o7 )o0i"l or =#"#0i"l )("(+), )4"ll '

$'#i'$ '+"l pro('0(io# o7 (4' l".2H

T4' "6ori(/, 4o''r, p'r'p(oril/ r+)4') ")i$' "ll

(4')' )"0r'$ +"r"#('') "#$ pr'7'r) (o r'l/ o# (4'

#'+lo+) l'"l (4'or/ (4"( ro"$0")( )("(io#) "r' 'r'

r'0ipi'#() o7 )("('r"#('$ 7r"#04i)') 4i04 0"# ' "l('r'$

or i(4$r"# "#/(i' or o(4'ri)' +r$'#'$ i(4 po)(

7"0(o 'l'p4"#(i#' /o'). B/ (4i) )4or(0ir0+i('$r"(io#"li"(io#, (4' "6ori(/ li(4'l/ i#or') (4' pri"('

'#(r'pr'#'+r)> illio#p')o i#')('#() "#$ (4' ro"$0")(

pro7'))io#"l)> ri( "#$ (oil i#(r"#)7ori# (4')' i#i)il'

7r"#04i)') i#(o 'r04"#$i)"l'prop'r(/- "#$ 0o#'#i'#(l/

7or'() (4' ri r'"li(/ (4"( (4'("i# o7 4o#')(l/ '"r#'$

'$i" "))'() i) +#ri$l'$, '?ori("#( "#$ "ri(r"r/. %or)',

(4' o'r#'#(,28 ""i#)( 4i04(4')' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l ri4()

(o prop'r(/ 'r' i# (4' =r)( pl"0'ri(('#, pr+$'#(l/ "r'')

(o r')p'0( (4' "#$ (o p"/ "$'+"('0op'#)"(io# 7or

(4'ir ("i#. B+( iro#i0"ll/, (4' "6ori(/r'6'0() (4''?'pl"r/ o)'r"#0' / (4' o'r#'#( o7 (4'p'opl'>)

ri4() "#$ i#)i)() o# (4' 0o#=)0"(io# o7 (4'ir

pri"('prop'r(/.

I 4"' "l"/) 'li''$ (4"( (4' S+pr'' Co+r( i) (4' ''r

iil"#( +"r$i"# o7 (4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l ri4() o7 (4' 0i(i'#)

"#$ (4'ir +l(i"(' pro('0(or ""i#)( (4' (/r"##i') o7 (4'ir

o# o'r#'#(. I " "7r"i$ (4"( / (4i) +#7or(+#"('

D'0i)io#, (4' "6ori(/, i# (4i) i#)("#0', 4") i#)('"$

0o#'r('$ (4i) 4o#or"l' "#$ "6')(i0 Co+r( i#(o (4'p'opl'>) +#i((i# oppr'))or.

%EREFORE, I o(' (o GRANT (4' p'(i(io# "#$ (o $'0l"r'

S'0(io# 92 o7 (4' O#i+) El'0(io# Co$'

UNCONSTITUTIONAL "#$ OID.

!'(i(io# $i)i))'$.

No('.:T4' 0o#)(i(+(io#"l +"li=0"(io# (4"( ;pri"('

prop'r(/ )4"ll #o( ' ("'# 7or p+li0 +)' i(4o+( 6+)(

0op'#)"(io#< i) i#('#$'$ (o proi$' " )"7'+"r$ ""i#)(

po))il' "+)' "#$ )o (o pro('0( ") 'll (4' i#$ii$+"l

""i#)( 4o)' prop'r(/ (4' po'r i) )o+4( (o ' '#7or0'$.

M"#o)0" ). Co+r( o7 App'"l), 22 SCRA 12 Q199


28/28

::oo:: QT'l'0o+#i0"(io#) "#$ Bro"$0")( A((or#'/)

o7 (4' !4ilippi#'), I#0. ). Coi))io# o# El'0(io#), 289

SCRA 33H1998

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