A drug is a substance that affects 
che!ca" react!#$s in the body.
%!th#ut drugs& many people ould li!e
  uch sh#rter "!'es o" suffer great (a!$)
D"u#s used in medical ca"e o" to "elie!e
  mild pain a"e !e"y use$ul to us. Hoe!e"%
misuse o$ d"u#s cause ha"m to onesel$
and othe"s.
A$t!*!#t!cs a"e substances hich +!""
*acter!a but d# $#t har othe" "!'!$g
ce""s)
The $i"st antibiotic disco!e"ed as
Pe$!c!""!$ made by the fu$gus Penicillium)
Pe$!c!""!$ +!""s *acter!a by st#((!$g them
$"om main# thei" ce"" ,a""s)
 
The fu$gus Penicillium s#et!es gr#, #$ deca-!$g fru!ts
 
Pe$!c!""!$ !$ gr#,th
 
12.2 A&TI'I(TI)S *I++ 'A)T,RIA I& TH, '(D-
The c"ear area ar#u$d the a$t!*!#t!c d!sc !s ,here the *acter!a"
 
O(!u (#((- p"oduce a substance
  chemicals.
#r(h!$e and c#de!$e) 'oth o$ these a"e
  used as (a!$+!""er)
her#!$ hich is a (a!$+!""er) He"oin is an
 
12./ H,R(I& IS A& ADDI)ITI0, D,R,SSA&T
 
Her#!$ is a poe"$ul de(ressa$t) This
means that it s"#,s d#,$ many fu$ct!#$s
  o$ the *ra!$)
*reath!$g and the act!#$ o$ the
  h-(#tha"aus)
  $eelin# o$ eu(h#r!a intense happiness3.
 
0ideo on he"oin addiction4
 
12.5 A+)(H(+ IS A+S( A (W,R6U+ D,R,SSA&T
eople o$ten d"in a"c#h#"!c dr!$+s
because a"c#h#" can mae people fee"
  #re re"a.ed and re"ease the!r !$h!*!t!#$s)
A"c#h#" is /u!c+"- a*s#r*ed th"ou#h the
,a"" o$ the st#ach and ca""ied in the
  *"##d to all pa"ts o$ the body.
A"c#h#" *rea+s d#,$ in the "!'er but it
taes a "#$g t!e)
 
 
 
A"c#h#"!s is a d!sease in hich a pe"son
  ca$$#t a$age ,!th#ut a"c#h#")
 An a"c#h#"!c d"ins "arge /ua$t!t!es o$
a"c#h#"s regu"ar"-) This causes a$- (arts
  o$ the *#d- to be daaged because
a"c#h#" is (#!s#$#us to ce""s)
 
 
C#(ar!s#$ *et,ee$ a $#ra" "!'er a$d "!'er ,!th
c!rrh#s!s
  )AR)I&(G,&S
s#+e a"e tar& $!c#t!$e& car*#$
#$#.!de and
 
Effects
0!c#t!$e Causes add!ct!#$ t# s#+!$g Causes 'as#c#$str!ct!#$ "ead!$g t# h-(erte$s!#$
Tar Causes "u$g ca$cer 
Car*#$ #$#.!de   Reduces the de"!'er- #f #.-ge$ t# *#d- ce""s *-   *!$d!$g t# hae#g"#*!$ !$s!de the red *"##d ce""s
S#+e (art!c"es Che!ca"s re"eased *- the ,h!te *"##d ce""s t#
re#'e the s#+e (art!c"es daage the "u$gs 
The che!ca"s *rea+ d#,$ the ,a""s #f the a"'e#"!)
Th!s causes e(h-sea) E(h-sea reduces
 
12.: &I)(TI&, IS ADDI)TI0,
A hea"th- "u$g has a$- sa"" a!r s(aces *ut a "u$g ,!th
e(h-sea has fe,er *ut *!gger a!r s(aces