23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 1€¦ · Sascha Paulus Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG 23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 3

23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 1


Absorption-Heatpumps. Basics, functions and applications. Sascha Paulus Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG


Basics.

History

1859 first ammonia/water absorption chiller

1945 first lithium-bromide/water based absorption chiller

Today: Renaissance of the absorption chiller technology due to

increasing significance of energy efficient heating and cooling

solutions

Waste heat as energy source

Water (R718) as refrigerant

Ferdinant Carré

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj5l9P4ybfSAhVCSBQKHWxmBHcQjRwIBw&url=http://www.bosy-online.de/Absorptionskuehlschrank.htm&psig=AFQjCNGfcX9O3xl30VqsvW3VKwt9DPbahQ&ust=1488535693158472

https://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiglc3mybfSAhVGGhQKHZNrBmoQjRwIBw&url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Carr%C3%A9&psig=AFQjCNGfcX9O3xl30VqsvW3VKwt9DPbahQ&ust=1488535693158472


Basics.

Absorption

Adsorption

Differentiation

ABsorption

Penetration of elements (e.g. water) into the interior of a solid

body

ADsorption

Accumulation of elements on the surface of a solid body

without phase transition (e.g. silica gel, zeolite)


Basics.

Refrigerant: Water (R718)

Natural refrigerant

No Global Warming Potential (GWP 0)

Non-flammable

Non toxic

Special coherence of temperature and pressure

The lower the pressure in a closed system, the lower the

evaporation temperature of water.

vapor pressure curve

solid, ice

gasiform, vapor

liquid, water

Tripel-Point

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwitvouXzbfSAhXDVRQKHef4CRwQjRwIBw&url=http://www.thur.de/philo/tanja/wasser.htm&bvm=bv.148441817,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNEdp7A8l7MGaxaBQz4h3ZzX7xY6zg&ust=1488536590649692

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Wasser&view=detailv2&&id=14C8DA1EDD09794F349F1BE6250CEF630565843F&selectedIndex=15&ccid=2kuiMA78&simid=608009105041263458&thid=OIP.Mda4ba2300efc6a96e9a692722358524bo0

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=tripelpunkt+wasser&view=detailv2&&id=42676ED02C9CD23A7A09BFA58473E6D20408FA4D&selectedIndex=37&ccid=8v1EScXT&simid=608034569901049918&thid=OIP.Mf2fd4449c5d3a437ebc34af014852c0fo0


Basics.

Absorbent: Lithium-Bromide solution

LiBr salt is a crystal with a strong hygroscopic characteristic

Special coherence between, concentration, temperature and

pressure

Water vapor can be absorbed depending on the concentration

of the LiBr solution

Boiling temperature 1265°C

heating up the LiBr solution leads to a thermal separation of

LiBr solution and water vapor

saturation temperature of the solution [°C]

de

w p

oin

t o

f th

e r

efri

gera

nt

vap

or

[°C

]

Satu

rati

on

vap

or

pre

ssu

re o

f th

e re

frig

era

nt

[mb

ar]

limits of solubility of LiBr in water

concentration

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Brom_amp.jpg

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=hykroskopisch&view=detailv2&&id=AC9B9B98A99C74F760DF45147E1490B5A2682E75&selectedIndex=36&ccid=nH%2bqB0ei&simid=608046123377623885&thid=OIP.M9c7faa0747a207db790cf9bed751aff8o0


Functional principle.

Evaporation-Process

▪ Medium to be cooled (coolant) runs through

the piping of the evaporator

▪ refrigerant pump conveys refrigerant (water)

into the evaporation chamber

▪ Evaporating energy will be detracted out of

the coolant

▪ By this coolant will be cooled down


Absorption-Process

▪ Strong LiBr solution enters into the

absorption chamber

▪ Water vapor from the evaporator chamber

will be absorbed by the strong solution

▪ Concentration of LiBr becomes weaker

▪ Thermal energy of the dilution process is

dissipated to the cooling water

▪ Solution pump conveys weak solution to the

generator



Generator-Process

▪ Supply of external heat source into the

generator

▪ Thermal separation of LiBr solution and

water

▪ Refrigerant vapor moves over to the

condenser camber

▪ Concentration of LiBr solution is stronger

again



Condensing-Process

▪ Refrigerant vapor (water vapor) moves to

the cold surface of the condenser piping

▪ Cooling water streams through the

condenser piping and dissipates heat of the

refrigerant vapor

▪ Refrigerant vapor re-condensates on the

colder surface of the condenser piping and

becomes water again



Product-Variants.

Direct fired Flue gas

Driving Sources

Hot water Steam


Single Effect

Generator inlet temperature can be used 1 time

Construction with 1 generator

LPG = low pressure generator

e.g. hot water, low pressure steam

Evaporator ~ 40% Input, generator ~ 60% Input

Condenser 100% Output

COPCooling ~ 0,7

COPHeating ~ 1,7

Product-Variants.

LPG


Double Effect

Generator inlet temperature can be used 2 times

Construction with 2 generators

LPG = low pressure generator

HPG = high pressure generator

e.g. flue gas, steam 7bar(g) (170°C)

Evaporator ~ 60% Input, generator ~ 40% Input

Condenser 100% Output

COPCooling ~ 1,5

COPHeating ~ 2,5

Product-Variants. LPG HPG


Applications.

Don‘t waste your waste heat!


Absorption Chiller Cooling Application

Driving Source Back Cooler

120°C 75°C

12°C

6°C

32°C

38°C

Focus Cooling Waste heat is used as driving source on a

high temperature level for the generator The thermal energy of the condenser can be

put on a medium temperature level into a cooling tower system or can be used for another consumer load

Chilled water can be used on a low

temperature level for the cooling application

Chiller Application.



Range of use

Cooling capacity 150 - 10.000kW

Driving heat source Hot water 80-180°C Steam 1-8bar(g) Flue gas 250 – 520°C Direct fired oil, gas

Chilled water outlet >5°C

Cooling water outlet <40°C

Ambient temperature > 5°C, < 40°C

Capacity control 100-20%

Load conditions stable base loads

COPCooling (QG/QE) 0.70 – 1.55

Electrical power input Pel : Qth <<5%


Electr. Power

Cooling

Heating

90°C

70°C

70°C

90°C

12°C

7°C

32°C 38°C € kWh

Absorption Chiller CHP

Back Cooler

2000kW nel=35%, nth=50%

COPAKM=0,7

1.700kW

700kW

700kW

1.000kW


Example of use Cogeneration of Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) by implementing an absorption chiller into a CHP System. Use of CHP waste heat also in the

summertime Possibility to generate own electrical power

the whole year through

Supply of the total cooling power without any compressors

Reduction of power consumption for the

cooling system by more than 95% possible


Absorption Heatpump Heat Source

Driving Source Heating Application

7barü <95°C

40°C

30°C

60°C

90°C

Focus Heating Waste heat is used as driving source on a

high temperature level for the generator Process water can be used on a medium

temperature level as a heat source for the evaporator

The thermal energy of the condenser can be

used as hot water for the heating application

Heatpump Application.



60°C

90°C

Range of use (1st category)

Heating capacity 1.000 - 70.000kW

Driving heat source Hot water 80-180°C Steam 1-8bar(g) Flue gas 250 – 520°C Direct fired with oil or gas

Heat source in 15 – 60°C process water

Using Side out 70 – 100°C hot water




COPHeating (QG/QC) 1.65 – 1.80




Range of use (2nd category)

Heating capacity 1.000 - 70.000kW

Heat source in Hot water >60°C Exhaust steam >90°C

Using side out 100 – 170°C hot water

Cooling water out <40°C




COPHeating (QG/QC) 0.44 – 0.48



• d

Heat Pump 60 oC

90 oC

40 oC

30 oC

Example of use Integration of an Absorption Heat Pump into a power plant Load relieving of the heating

system by 30K Higher inlet temperatures into

the heat exchanger possible Load relieving of the cooling

tower Lower consumption of the

cooling water Decrease of the overall

operating costs by 40%

boiler

Steam-Turbine

heat station

Steam 5bar(g)

steam heat

exchanger

use of exhaust steam

power plant cooling tower

condenser

condensate back to boiler



Balance of Energy GENERATOR: Waste heat, steam 5bar (g) QH= 1.400kW EVAPORATOR: Cooling tower, 30/40°C Q0= QH x COP= 1.000kW CONDENSER: Hot Water 60/90°C QC= QH + Q0= 2.400kW HEAT INPUT: 1.400kW HEAT OUTPUT: 2.400kW COPH 1.7 SAVINGS: 40%

• d

Heat Pump 60 oC

90 oC

40 oC

30 oC

boiler

Steam-Turbine

heat station

Steam 5bar(g)

steam heat

exchanger

use of exhaust steam

power plant cooling tower

condenser

condensate back to boiler



Heatpump Application. World wide there have been installed more than 300 absorption heat pumps. The world largest capacity heat pump has got a total heating capacity of 10× 43.24MW and is installed in the Shenyang Thermal Power Plant in China.


Other Applications and Markets.

Tri-Generation

Food&Beverage Chemical

District Heating Power Plants

Recycling

Solar Cooling

All other applications which

have waste heat

available and need big heating or

cooling capacities

Biogas Plants

H2 production


Summary.

BENEFITS

Use of existing waste heat as a driving source

Hot water >80°C, steam 1-8barg, flue gas 250-520°C can be used

Low legal barriers (refrigerant H20, non flammable, GWP=0)

Very low electrical power consumption (Pel : Qth <<5% )

Low operating costs

less rotating parts

high reliability

Huge capacity loads possible (>> 1.000kW)

High hot water temperature level possible (up to 170°C)


Thank you!

Dipl. Ing. (FH) Sascha Paulus

Sales Engineer / Head of Branch Office Bavaria

Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG

Waldleite 12 95365 Rugendorf

Germany

phone +49 (0) 9223 215 10 32 mobile + 49 (0) 172 297 6281

[email protected]

www.ruetgers.com

mailto:[email protected]


Documents

23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 1€¦ · Sascha Paulus Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG 23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 3