25. Predicting the water level of Natural DAM in Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia. 25 - Koji Morita, Tadanori Ishizuka, Takao Yamakoshi, Takeshi Shimizu, Akihito Kaji, Reiko

Akiyama, Hisaya Sawano, Yosuke Ito, Toshiki Yanagimachi, A. Tommy M . Sitompul, Fajar Wicaksono, William M . Putuhena, Isnan F. Akrom, and Sutiyono

26. Emergency Response Against Water Quality Accident to Secure Safe Water Supply for Capital Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 26 - Satoshi Ojima and Koji Tsuboi

SUBTHEME 2 Innovation in Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation 27. The Role of Sabo Works in The Water-Sediment-Related Disaster

Mitigation in Indonesia ... ... .. ...... ............ .. . .. ... .... ..... .. .. ... .. ........... ........ .. . ..... 29 - Bambang Hargono, Joko Cahyono, and Djoko Legono

28. Sediment Related Disasters in Japan (Experiences and Countermeasures).. .. 30 - Yukihiko Sakatani

29. Routing of Local Inundation as Performed by Polder System in East Jakarta ........ .. .. .. .. .... ..... ... ... .. .... .... ...... ....... .. ..... ... .. .... .. ... ...... .... .. .. ..... . - Adam Pamudji Rahardjo, Puji Harsanto, and Djoko Legono

31 J

30. Model of Mockwyn-UB for Assesing Water Availability Due to The Effect of Climate Change ..... ............ ..... ...... .... '" .... ..... ..... .... .. .... . 32 - I Wayan Sutapa, Moh. Bisri, Rispiningtati, and Lily Montarcih

31. The Effectiveness of Coastline Protection Structure at Estuary of Batang Kambang, West Sumatra .. ... ...... ....... ....... ... .... .... ... .... ... ..... ... .... ... ... ..... 33 - Bambang Istijono, Ali Musri; and Rahmad Yuhendra

32. Theoretical Approach of Long Shore Current Reduction Coefficient through Permeable Groin ... ... .. .. ..... ... ...... .... ... .. .... ............. ... ....... ..... .. . 34 - Hasdinar Umar, Nur Yuwono, Radianta Triatmadja, and Nizam

33. Early Warning System as a Preventive Measure for Landslide Risk Reduction in Kabilash Village, Chitwan District, Nepal .. ... ... .. ....... .. ... 35 - Shanmukhesh C. Amatya

34. The Performance of Perforated Screen Seawall in Dissipating Waves, Minimizing Reflected Wave and Run-UplRun-Down .. .... .. .. ........ .. .... 36 - Muhammad Arsyad Thaha, A. IIdha Dwipuspita, Willem Minggu, and Haeruddin

35. Hydraulic Intervention Impact on Subsidence and Carbon Emissions of Peatland as a Disaster Mitigation Effort at Sei Ahas - Central Kalimantan 37 - L. Budi Triadi, Aljosja Hooijer, Ronald Vernimmen, and Surya Dharma

36. Consideration in Choosing The Appropriate Flood Control System for Tenggarong River ... ..... .. ....... .... .. .. ..... .. ... ....... .... ......... .. ...... .. ... ..... ... .. 38 - Doddi Yudianto and Steven Reinaldo Rusli

37. Simple Analytical Solution of Wave Transmision through Submerged Coastal Structure........ . ... ... ........ ... .... .... .. .. ...... ...... .. .. .. ... ... . .... .. .. ....... .. 39 - Chairul Paotonan, Nur Yuwono, Radianta Triatmadja, and Bambang Triatmodjo

vii

ROUTING OF LOCAL INUNDATION AS PERFORMED BY POLDER SYSTEM IN EAST JAKARTA

Adam Pamudji RahardjoH, Puji Harsant02, and Djoko Legonol

ICivil anci FnvilOnmental Engineering Dt::pal'tment, Gadjah Mada University

'Civil Engineering Department, University ofMuhammadiyah Yogyakarta I

*Email: adam.pamudji.r@gmail.com

Abstract

Jakarta flooding is currently getting more severe and the performance of both the macro and micro drainage system during the flooding period has never been investigated intensively. This paper presents the evaluation on flooding at East Sunter II area, east part of Jakarta, focused on the hydraul ics performance of the existing system and also the planned polder system and the planned long storage. Hydrologic and hydraulic routing has been utilized to analyze the dynamics of local inundation condition in the nearby polder systems. Three rainfall conditions, i.e. the RIO and the rainfall data of February 2007 and January 2013 floods from nearby rainfall stations have been applied and its significant inundation performance was studied. The evaluation criteria if the water surface elevation of the downstream reach of the Old Sunter River. The model result shows that the two flood events are comparable to the I Oyr flood. Introduction of two polder ponds and normalization of the downstream reach of the Old Cakung River appears to solve the inundation problems of the above floods.

Keywords: flood, dniinage system, long storage, low land, polder.

INTRODUCTION

Flood Problem and Drainage System on Low Land Area of Jakarta

it has already knowil that the Jakarta flooding is currently getting more severe

in several aspects sllch as number of inundation locations, inundation frequency,

intensity, and duratiul1 and unfortunately also the number of affected peoples. The

loss due to 2007 alld 2013 Jakarta flooding was claimed to reach approximately

!DR 8 Trillion and :20 Trillion respectively. So far it has not been investigated

intensively regard i ng the performance of both macro system (the thirteen river

systems in Jakarta) and the micro systems (local drainage systems) during the

flooding periods. Compared with that of 2007 flooding, the scale of 2013 Jakarta

flooding was actually still much lower. The inundation areas of both two cases

are shown in Figure I. However, due to the high increase of the economic value

of the impacted areelS , the loss of 2013 Jakarta flooding was significantly high.

Furthermore, it is obviou s lhat the inundation might be caused by insufficient

capacity of drainage systems in accommodating the load due to both heavy rainfall

events in the watershed s> Slem. Studies and proposals for improvement projects

of the macro drainage sysklll of Jakarta have been discussed by local and national

flood mitigation authorities (Nedeco, 1973; Dinas PU DKI, 2009; Pemprov DKI

web, 20 II). However, th<.:: i/l\ estigation of the micro drainage system performance

is less considered.

, "

;,. , '~~ .

if

a). 2007 Jakart~\ flooding b). 2013 Jakarta flooding

Figure I. Inundation area of Jakarta Aooding for two different cases.

This paper presents the n:tiualion on the flooding at eastern part of Jakarta, i.e. at

the East Sunter II area, I'oclised on the hydraulics performance of the existing system

and also the planned polekr systems and the planned long storage. Hydrologic and

hydraulics routing have b,','11 lItilized to analyze the dynamics of local inundation at

nearby the polder syskms. Three rainfall conditions, i,e. the QIO ' the flood events

between the 2nd to 4th 0 r r dmlary 2007 and between I yh to 17th of January 2013

conditions have been apl'lic:d and the corresponding inundation performance was

studied,

Past Effort and Related Issues

Since Nedeco, J 973 , and n en before, inundation problems in Sunter area was

considered to be solved b: intruducing polder systems. The Suntcr area was planned

to be protected by sever:ti pulder systems, namely: West Sunter, South Sunter, East

Sunter 1- Kodamar, Easr SUlltn III - Rawa Badak, and East Sunter IB - North (these

The following input C!;H:I :lll.' required to conduct a flood routing and water level

simulation. namely. (I) ,11:111I1CI geornetry: (2) boundary conditions; (3) drainage

inflows; and (4) channel r':~ISL'llce.

c:> Q input In,H:r , I ,,, ..

... Qinput rniueJ I~

- --_ ... - _. --------

C: "kung lklln , Cunal Mouth

Java sea

c:> Q input macro model

_ Q lnputmicromodel

(akung Drain

(anal Mouth

~. ('~ ~ <"1 'iii~

SA7~ 0 ro ~ \"~ .... - \ ~ C-00 (;.00 c

SA7 \ ro

\~ () u c

SAId,.. J \ iii ~ SAid .. ·iii o ,'(.. 0

Wl Q, ;< Polderl 01)

c c .. SAlt ". SA4 " -'" -'"

SAt,i!(I Ir" ro t ro

;;:; U I U

" SA6/KBN .~ > 0:: a:

1 01) "" c C :J " -"" Yo ro ', ,:\ ' ) ~ '" U U

U .. SA] " (3 3

SAlc .. /) SAl e ..

/ !

/ N N

SAlb .. / SAlb ..

W W SJ\la .. )A1a ..

t I) ~!J9UUGI t 0 1 2

SA2 Dk1l.ALJ 9{{C SA2 KM

1J ~ \

Figure 2. Hydraulic ~il11L1I,lt iUIl scheme lor the existing condition (A) and the It>ilc1ition with polders (8).

<:

The hydraulic sirnulati(\ll , \1 till.' polder systems of the East Sunter II was carried

out by adopting the s\ ~ ll:lll pi:lnning :IS shown in Figure 2. The polder system

condition was introducl.'d 11\ l\lllstmcting Polder I and Polder 11 as a retarding basin

for temporary storage \d lilt' ,llrect rLllwlT from the surrounding area. Polder I is

prepared to store the dirt'lt 111110tf frol11 the micro drainage system of SA4, SA7,

SA8, and half of S\() dlilinage ,lreas, whereas Polder Il is prepared to store that

of SA3. SA5. alld tlr~ \>tilL'! half of SA6 drainage areas. With these two polders,

the lateral intlo\\ 1\l~I" \,\ Uld Cd,ung r{ivcr are expected to reduce significantly.

The bottom cln.lti<.lll (<I Jlolder I all(\ Polder II arc set to -5.00 m and -4.00 m

respectively. \V;lk! ilLiI i" -;lored in I)older I and Polder II is then pumped oullo

Cakung Drain at ,lle:ll,lill pump capdcity and mode of operation (see Table 2).

T'<lbk I (. r---,----~-- -,

to M 1 fP s ECIatlon oee 0 ump )ystem _.

! __ -,-!~~~~.It Y ,Ill (

1'11I11!l \':1p:1cily Switch on elevation Switch off elevation . - r---- - --,- - --

li PUIl1P 11,.dd:"'1 I Polder II Polder I Polder II Polder I Polder II . . .. -_ . 1---- '- ,-------

Ill' , Ill: " (Ill ) (rn) (m) (m) ----

; 3 -4 -3 -4.1 -3_1 .- ----_._-_. ; .1 -3 -2 -3. I -2.1

- - -_._------ - -; ) -I - I -1.1 -1.1

The sketch of a I: I'II...<! I 1lll1lp sysLc/ll i'UI ,:,ICI1 polder is shown in Figure 3.

I .",lel \\'stem -~---

pump 3

pump 2

pump

11::':IIIL' :; Sketch or ,1 typical pump system.

Rain rail III tClisit y "11 d Iidiow D i~c h LI rgcs

Figure I shows lh.lt tlh' j<Hlnciatioll illl:a 01'2013 tloocling is smaller than that of2007

flooding. Tabk :2,11..\\" thl' floml impact data. The Intensity-Duration Frequency

(lDF) curves uf till 11':llh\ SUllkr ilrea 1'01 2007 (Sta. Cawang) and 2013 (Sta. Tj.

Priok and Sta. 11:!111ll) hL',IV\, r:linfall conditions are shown in Figure 4. This IDF

curves were calcul.lkd h'I:-.iCc! on the: MUll()l1obe Method.

Table 2:..CUIl,lll II \ 11~ ;1~~~~l~J2.':~.::.ille to 2007 and 2013 Jakarta Flooding

( (Jll<litlol1/lnq);lcl 2007 2013 -- -_ .... _._-

Maxi~~~~l~~_I.I'ltI:<ii i IIII~! _ _ ___ _ 340 125 Inur!_cl'lric\l~~I:~'.'! t k :11 I

-231.8 41

PercenlaQ.e 01' illlllld:Iti"1l ::I~<t over whole "I' --_....\.......----~- ... - '. ----,----- -- .lakarta 45 8

) .--.. A QP.!:..oxi 111;lt~~lllllll·1 ,JI !,'! ~IL.:.ees_ll).'_JiJ2P~~l\ 320,000 18,018 x) 80 20 --- -----A pr()\illl;~!~2l..'I~)i"·i " I •• ,:.0~I_~~~~(~>_ .:.IJ2I~L~)

3tHI \ I!

? 'I) I:

I: i{:IIi1(:ill :'(10, I· :111

~ Ibilll':111 "!i I ~

-- 1"'1,1 1\ I' ,j

:.-, I,j 10 YC:ll IclllJ'il

V- lilil II

period c ! , '-'

i " e:

:~ I' \ t ",.,

I ! " :'.: .• :..::::....:....:

"-'--::-.'.:.=::"':"=:'.:.===~'.:-::;-.....:..~.~

" 1111 ~.U() 12 ()(I 16.(1) 20 Oil 24,00

\)ur:III1lI\ I ilollr)

Figure 4.IDF ClIIVe (II "llllln ,:Ie:l ill 2007. :WI3. 10 years return period rainfall.

The peak discllarg\.:s lll' lill' ','\11 '\.'111\.' 1:lilll':111 t'vt'llts for ever), drainage area, i.e. SA I

to SA8, (see Tabltl 3) :IIl' cliclll:lll:cli'rllll) the IDr curve with rainfall duration of3

hours. The peak disch:ll~cS III' I Ill;' drilill:1gt' :11',';lS ,He shown in Table 4. It shows that

the QIO is sligllily tlllCIcr III\.' iW:lk disch:II·!.-'\.' of' til(' 2007 flooding event.

a e J. ea < lil"c 1;11C!,' () 1':llll;lQC reas at _xlstlng on I Ion . ...... _ ... _ .. ' .. _. T bl .., P fD A E ..

\)1':1111:1;:" :Il~" P~ak discharge (m3/s) .. ---. _ ... -"'--'

No. Drainage area codt: l'III1()I'i' Cl\en',ic~l1. C- 10 years retum (II) I 2007 2013

period

I SA 1:1 (J7() 1-,:\ () I I).'J I 5.52 3.77 5.10

2 SA Ib Ili7' : 1.,~ I I (J.~(i 3.15 2.15 2.92

3 SA Ie ~~'I:'X"'( I. ~ 1 ! Il X') 3,10 2.12 2.87

4 SA )ll i ." I;)' 1/ i . I), ;)'J :;,51 2.39 3.24

5 SA2 II: 1:-; 'I) U.S(I 8.29 5.66 7.66

6 SA] ) 'j ~'l)q I 1 :' \ () 7:' 15.43 10.53 14.27

7 SA,I ,).~ I,ll x .. ;; U,X I 7.07 4.83 6.54

8 SA5 1:\1 I,,') I '. ,'~ ~ 1).7(, 12.49 8.53 11.56

9 SAh ." I II ')'i II o.~:\) 17.85 12.t9 16.51

10 SA7 .. ~,)-)~~(r: IS') I). 'J! 16.65 11.37 15.40 11 SAS I ~) ::: .:;. "'7\1 -.., I 'I ' II, ., . ~ 16.82 11.48 15.56 ---

Table 4. l'c,lk i )i"c l1;I I'!.!C or 1)1';lill:lc~C Area at Condition with Polders

-~--·l_. __ -_-__ p_,e(lk discharge (m]/s)

i !I.~:::.I"V ,l ll::1 cock I 10 years return I ~U07 201]

No.

:2

" \ I,

i- Sr\ Ih , S.-\ I,

, period

3.77 5.10 .----------r------ - -.. -.--+------l

:~.15 2.15 2.92 ,;10 2.12 2.87

. -.. --------1--'--- .----j--------j

-I ' "\i.' ,SAid :;~I :Ul) ]24 -~--I-· ..- ':---~:;---+--- ~,:--..,--()--+--5-. 6-6--l---7-:6-6---i ~ -. -" ,:'-~-;~ 1-'- ~;\ -- - .!-.-----t-------1f---------i

--.- .~-- -. . ------ I I

7 '.: \ 1'()ldc'1 ·1').17 45.76

!) , " \ c __ .1 ___ .. . . _~ __ ... _

10 1 ', \ ;

'-1-1-- '.\' 2:'.15 33.77 I ~ : !' \ ...... \(1 : _ .1 _ __ . __ .. _. ______________ --'-____ ........ _____ ---'

The en~, (· livL.'11L.'S " ,·1 i:IL.' j>"ldL.'l' S\ >i,'i IlS i:llhl..' E~lst SUllter II area was then evaluated

based Oil the \\,ltCI Sllli:k, ciev,lli(J1l lilllll: tiowl1stre(ll\l reach of Old Cakung River.

Together \\'illi CIl\ il l'l l,. IIIl. ~ tl\'O j'()I(I.'l's_ [Iii,: reach will be prepared as a long storage

by dred:.;ill~ till' li.n I'l':!,1l hed 1(1 l'kl':llion or -3.00 In and constructing a levee

with crest ciev,llillil \)1-1 :~.:i() In.

SIMU LA'!' I Oi\ 1< V'~ l i lTS A i\ I) !) I SC USS IONS

Existin~: COJ)riiti(>11

Figure :) (,I) sl1i \','" th, Illll!~iliid ill:ll 1)I(lG Ie of water surface elevations in the

dOWllslr"::llll rl';I(I , ,>i lll ,' Uld (,;\kllll~! I.:iv..:r ill the nisting condition. The )'d of

Febrll:ll'y 21)(17 r;li'IIOi'! r,-'.lllkd iii,' 1\';lkl ~dJII';ICC ele\'ation on the reach higher than

that or the 17'1> oli;\Jl\JC\!'\ 20 13 I:lilll;tli. Their difference ranges from 10 to 40 cm.

The RIO r(lilli:ill ;'l,llI> I" .k-liver sltlldl": \\:Iter elevation slightly lower than that of

the 2007 Il u\)dil' ;,' ,1'-.l lt i 11 ..: Ill;\\IIi~tllll \1;ller Surf~1CC l'ievation of the downstream

reach oJ' Old CiIL::;I,' 1'::1\.:1 llr tikl,,1 1)1 ldmJ,lry 2007 rainfall was of +4.35 m,

wherc(J~ tll:ll \)1 ii., i ",I[ .1;101\1:,1\ :"1) I "i \1:1:' llj'I-3()3 Ill. Since the average ground

elevatiQJl is 'I f ;.()(J Ill. illlllhi::li ,ll i ocelli's ;It approximately 1.35 and 1.00 m

depth 1'1\\' lil": 3'" "i Jdllll'll: :?UiJ7 ::!1\! lil<..: 17'1> or January 2013 rainfall conditions

respect i1cl,\.

--ICIIIII';lIJ':;':,' ...... !:.! 'i',lll t • tI ll . .-:0 13 -. - - . 10) ea rs return period

4

3 -;: 2 v § I 0; 0 ~

iJJ -I

-2

-3

- - -n;\nk"\llr.!~

-4 --.--~- - - - -

() 1111 '

.. --- ..... ..... ..- • .....-.-. ., ...................... ---_ ... ---+.

... __ .------,-----_ .. _--,-----,-------

IOlil1 2000 3000

(b)

Figure 5, LOIl~.:itlldill:1I "jl):lk ,.j''':lkl '.1,:'::1,,' ,'I<.-I:ltiol1 in the downstream reach

of the Old (>';tlll~' !' '. ,I. i.11 ,'\iSli," l(lll,:i!l(lll illll! (b) with polder system,

Condition "jill I'ol(k!"'.: ;}ild:1 [.I:!I~ ";!"::!~l'

Figure 5 (b) Shll\\ ' ~; I!,~ 1,)11:'.':(I(lil1:11 i'lllllk ,I!' ":Itcr surface elevation in the

downstrealll rl.':ll'h (>iIi: ()III i :Il,,'i'::~-! "' : \"I' III Ille l'unditiun with polders and a

long storage Cll:1I111CI,,'<\,I1. I'/t<.- <':,)I1Stl'll, ii"11 (d l'older I :Ind Polder II as well as the

long storage :It till.' d(l" 11~,tl'.':lI11 r~(\Cll (If thl.: Old C"kllng River appears to improve

the drainage pCrl'11I1l1:11Il."l' ()i till' I':<lst Slllliel' II :\I"L':1. The result of simulation shows

that the m(1.\il1111111 \\,;!, 01 ~1I11; 1 .. <.: \:k'I:I: :1111~; ;It tile downstream reach of the Old

Cakung RivCl" :!Il. (d- 'I _' , ;:'i III .Ii,'! : :2 I \I :,1 !III :~IL)',llll' February 2007 and the 17th

of January 2U 1'-; Iluuclill:.'~ It",pu.:tiwh :,ill(,' tile grulIl1d surface elevation is of

+3,00 m alld k\ ,'C cr,':-t "k\ llli,'11 is ,i/' I' ,S Ii:' \lIne will be no inundation, The 5

cm ditTerellCl' 1,,:IIILel< 111L 1ll:I\ill1llll1 I'.;:k,' Stlli:1CL ckvatioll of the 3 rd of February

2007 and lhc : 7:' "f .1,1, ;11:11"\ 'i , !.; 11" " " ::eS, illcii,':lks that the construction of the

polders alld ti,,' !l)llg \!!,i)':I:,', ,ill i1l.'.: ,','III. :"'1' ~(lllil1g inundation problem of

such heavy 1:li,iI':1i1 illk:l ',illl.'~,

. I, !: ::': ::, !ilkl' II :11't:'a and normalization

mitigation, \\ ::h 1:1i'L\' ; :!11I/1" "j' ~ m , ,' ,:I: '-:,,'i[\ rllr each polder with a certain

mode of opn:";, :1, !()~"'i'l\'" 1\ il/) 1!1\: I " , "-:,': : 1 :Ilioll II' elcvation of -3,00 m on the

downstream 1",':1,':1 ()I'lh ,' (lid l ';I!.;I::',!: :

of the reacil,!.,"::','::< I'l! :1 " J 1 ', I:: :,!

. I: ;,' 111:1\ illll1lll \\ ~lter surface elevations , ! t ' ,_ I

.1 II ,n , 3 en III to 2, 10m for the

3'd of 1:',.'l1rll:lI: ::'t.(i'7 ,111(1 Illl' 17: "~I ,i,lli,i,'I\ ::'(113 Iloodings respectively, The QIO

flood gi\ es 11(:11'\\ '"lIll,? \\ ::ki' Sli::.,' ,,'!," :ii:,lll oi'the 2007 flooding, It is suggested

to conduci l-urtl1n <111Hl!:,lillll ill I ',:,'1' I,' Ilh.' rl':1:'l' the efficiency of the system, e,g,

by \,,\1': iiI,=, plI111!- ',II-':Ie,:!,',,; :IS ',\\' ,', !h' J"ll(llks (If pump operation, Furthermore,

the loc:1I s\)l'i()-\.'i~:, ':ll::\.iILli i<:: <-, I:::" :;1'11 Ih:cci to be considered since the East

:Ii:,: ,II'; 111C 8l'ceptance and sustainability

reaSOJl:--, til\.' pul,: " I ",:\ ('I"l,llik. ,:

infol'llll ',\ tl) th~' :: .:':Lll";~' >II ';11\,1'

,'ir 1)1(:dicted inundation should be well

ACJ"':> I) \', I, I,::;, ,." 1 i:, .', ; :;

The ;1\1:!"'!> "\,,l:;!,! ; ike tIl l'\I'I'(': I'" '1I':lli::"k -s cille to the provision of rainfall

datn 1'1'(' 111 ! i it' 1 )ii'\.'I,II:lk \ I('Il'.'; ,i ' '.\ :1' ·,: ; :\.'" IiII'Cl'S, the Ministry of Public Works

" ,,: ,ill' (':\'il ,tnd Environmental Engineering

Dept. ':. ! .\ !:!t!:! !'PI' shilJ'ing ideas on problems and

REJ-'I'.: ;:,\('1:,:

AbidilL II.L, ;\:;,i; ,',1:-', i I . ('lIllli', ,( ;,1111<11, :\ I" Fukuda, Y. and Deguchi,

T _:iln 9, 1 ,!,l d \uh ' 1','IICl'; :,.i tl;';lll l)\.'\cloplllent in Jakarta (in bahasa

111,i"':,:::i:l) ! !h' 7'1> !i(, h:,':' ill; iii! (\ 1I11(:rl'!Il'C Sp<1tial Data Serving People:

1:llld (;()\'l'iil:l!llt' 111l"lliil.' I " :i(lll'lh' lll -- I \llilding the Capacity, Hanoi, Vi,:! I):! 111.

Brulllll'l i i. \\I" :'IHi;; I-II ( '-! .:y; Ri\ ,'I· ... !~:<\~i'; SYStL'Il1, Hydraulic Reference

~,'''_'I: ll. \:'>"\11\1: I,'("T" (l f1 , "il,:,'I',< 1 i\(irologic Engineering Center.

, 2()(; I ,\ ,'\ 1,.\, ',.I:1:<!\.'rl',',ill :\';:':t'ii,::lii:!11 ; ',,!I':;I c1:lll Drainase (Review of Flood

I!! ,! :h:liI1:l.'., ,,'Iill!'! ~,:,::C'I i,: I': \j'!llilll(.'ra Harapan, Final Report., I . ! I l; , ) ~, I

,1U()i) . ,;, i:111 I'. 1,:,1 ~)I:!,; ,nu ; I I' II [,1St SUtller II Polder), PT-:) (;1,;', " ,111:1 : ".il Re . ' I'.' i't; Dkl

\. :! II ~, ... : 1 ~'. 7.

" '\;:1111::':,'. :;I:p:' \\ lid ,"

\1 ' hem,:', ~.!I'i-I\."ili';i i--FX ~ !; .. ,

:,III;ltioll of Urban Polder

' il',l' Study Kelapa Gading Area,

\~~'il,i\'c C()ullcii Meeting (IECM) I 61h

" '. iii il)I1:1I Committee on Irrigation

.. (; _:Il'tivity/Technical-Sessionl

i-; .1_S,pdf [accessed on June 2013],

_,2011 (pOSk,il . A·(II7.,.'.:i\';I! ; .1.:' ,' ngcI ',

Flooe/('(lJlfm/) .. ' el l.,l l'\)' i).1 Ileb.

http://ww\\ .. i.::.:::I!·la . ~·(I.;. : ~ .• h n "· .::·1 1/; banjir l:\cl'(,s~i'""'l~ \,;: ,l:i:lt.:.'.

_, 201la (pI, ',: ,I ). 1'01,' j'.'!1:~\ ,,', :'. llljil' i

http :/, I ... I .} . k: ,. . 1\, \ S :2 ( jak81·[:1 . . :C C C:;~;L' vi .i l ll~ ._ "!

Rahardjo, ,\.:., l.I:::~\l l ' .. I . I ::,

by IW: : 1' >\;":':, . :1,. ,:,'-\ Wor l.~ .' ,) 1: ;\11 , .. 'l';:

and I.: "I"e,,:i::,'( .! ",'

8-9.

'j

, . .. -

·1 SU I

'. i'i il' (./(!kOrfa Canals and

:':1;) -cia n-pengendal ian-

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