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26181189 Dictionar Economic Roman Englez Roman

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Page 1: 26181189 Dictionar Economic Roman Englez Roman

A abandon s.n. 1. {de drepturî) (dr.) desertion/renunciation of rights 2. (a/ navei, al încărcăturiî) (mar.) abandon- ment 3. (retragerea dintr-o operaţiune cu primâ contra cedării unei prime) {bur.) abandon ~ pe mare rea - abandon in heavy sea abandona v.t. 1. (drepttiri, pretenţii) to relinquish, to waive 2. (nava, încarcă- tura etc.) to abandon, to leave abandonare s.f. 1. (de drepturi, pre- tenţii) relinquishment 2. abandonment, abandoning ~ a navei - (de întregul echipqf, când nava nu mai poate fi salvaîa) abandonment of ship ~ a postului - dereliction ofduty ~ a produsului - (a prodncerii şi a comercializăru acestuia) product aban- donment/elimination ~ a unui bun - (asig. mar.) dereliction abandonat adj. {asig. mar.) aban- doned, derelict ~ temporar - temporarily abandoned abata v.t. (a exploata un zâcâmdnî} to work abataj s.f. 1. (loc) coal-face. stope, workings 2. (acţiune') mining. cutting, hewing 3. (al arborilor) felling 4. (al vitelor) slaughter abate v.t. 1. (din drnm) to turn oft7 aside/away, to divert, to deviate: to sheer, to v.'ander, 10 escape 2. (mar.} to steer off 3. (a/'boti) to fcll v.r. {de la} (dr.) to iniriiige, to vioîaie, to transgress

abatere s.f. 1. tuming off/away, diverting, deviation 2. (dr.) infringe-ment, violation, transgression; trespass(ing) 3. {de la regulă) exception ~ de la datorie - breach ofduty ~ din drum - (niar.) deviation ~ disciplinară - misbehaviour, infraction ofdiscipline ~ medie - mean deviation ~ standard (concept statistic care indicâ gradul de deviere a unei serii de datefaţă de un etalon central) standard deviation abator s.n. slaughterhouse, abattoir abona v.r. (la} to subscribe ('to), to become a subscriber (to) abonament s.n. 1. (la ziar) subscrip- tion 2. (ca pref} subscription price/rate; (la restaurant} reduced price for regular customers 3. (la teatru, tramvai etc.) season ticket; (îa tren, aiitobnz} (SUA) commutation ticket; (îa restaitrant) luncheon voucher, book of luncheon vouchers, {SUA} (rednced--pnce) meal ticket a face un ~ (la) - to subscribe (to), to become a subscnber (to) abonat s.m. {la ziar, televiziune etc.) subscriber; (la îren, tramvai etc.) season-ticket holder, regular traveller; (la eiectricitaf.e, apă etc.) consumer; (telefonic) telephone user: {'ia resiauranf) runcheoii-voucher iioider, (SUA) meal-ticket lioldei aiiorda v.i. {u ucosta) (mar.) to moor, to land, to put ashore v.t. 1. (a se ciocni

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12 ABO-ACA de) (mar.) to collide with, to run foul of, to come into collision with 2. (o problemă, un subiect) to tackle, to deal with 3. (in grup o societate-mamâ cu filialele ei în scopuri contabile) to consolidate abordaj s.n. (mar.) collision abordare s.f. (in grup a unei societâţi--mamă cu filialele ei în scopuri con-tabile) consolidation ~ planificată - (pentru elaborarea situaţiei fluxului de numerar) (cont.) schedule approach abrevia v.t. to abbreviate, to abridge, to shorten abreviere s.f. abbreviation abroga v.t. to abrogate, to annul, to repeal, to abolish abrogare s.f. abrogation, annulment, rescission, abolishment absent adj. (de Id) absent, missing (from), not present (at) s.m. absentee ~ involuntar - (de la locul de muncâ) involuntary absentee absenta v.i. to be absent/missing absenteism^.n. absenteeism absenteist s.m. 1. absentee 2. (proprie-tar funciar care nu locuieşte pe terenul pe care l-a dat în arenda) absentee landlord, remittance man absenţă s.f. absence; nonattendance ~ de la domiciliu - nonresidence ~ de la serviciu - (repetatâ şi nemo-tivată) absenteeism ~ franţuzească -(fară învoire) French leave ~ nemotivată - absence without leave absolvent.î.w. graduate absolvi v.t. 1. (un institut superior) to graduate (from) 2. (dr.) to acquit, to fmd / to pronounce not guilty

absorbţie s.f. (preluarea unei societâţi de către o alta mai mare) absorption, combination abstinenţă s.f. 1. (periodica) abstinence; (de durată) abstemiousness 2. (eliminarea unor consumuri individuale curente şi alocarea unei pârţi mai mari de venit pentru sporirea capitalului cu scopul de a mări producţia de bunuri economice viitoare} abstention abundenţă s.f. abundance, plenty; (bogăţie) richness, wealth, overflow abuz s.f. 1. (exces) abuse, excess, intemperance 2. (inşelăciune) abuse, deceit, fraud 3. (încălcare) encroach- ment, transgression; (ilegalitate) illegal action ~ de autoritate - abuse of authority ~ de drept - abuse of distress, misuse oflaw ~ de funcţie - abuse of office ~ de încredere - abuse of confidence/ tmst, breach of tmst ~ de putere - abuse of discretion, use ofundue authority, misfeasance a face ~ de - to make too free a use of, to indulge too freely in a face ~ de putere - to override one's commission acalmie s.f. (pe piaţa bursierâ) lull acapara v.t. (o marfă cu scopul de a controla furnizarea ei) to buy up; (mârfuri, acţiuni) to comer; (mărfuri în scop speculativ) to forestall; {a monopoliza) to monopolize, to engross acaparare s.f. buying up; comering, forestalling; coemption acaparator adj. forestalling; monopo-lizing; acquisitive s.m. forestaller,

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ACA-ACC 13 buyer-up, speculative buyer, monopo- lizer; {de alimente) food hoarder acaret s.n. 1. (dependinţă) annex, outbuilding 2. pl. household imple- ments; agricultural/farming implements 3.pl. (afr-.)chattel accelera v. t. (dezvoltared) to forward accelerator s.m. (principiu care evi- denţiazâ o relaţie directă între volumul investiţiilor nete şi modificarea veni- tului national) accelerator accept s.n. 1. (cambie acceptată/ andosată de o bancă) acceptance, accepted bill 2. (acord de acceptare a unei cambii, încheiat între importator sau exportator şi bancă) acceptance credit ~ bancar - bank/banker's acceptance ~ curat/fâră rezerve/menţiuni - clean acceptance ~ de garanţie colateralâ - (pentru un împrumuf) collateral acceptance accepta v.t. 1. to accept; (o oferta) to accept, to agree to, to close with 2. (p cambie, un bilet la ordin la scadenţă sau înaintea scadenţeî) to take up acceptabil adj. acceptable; (despre preţurî) reasonable, fair acceptant.s'.w. acceptor ~ pentru onoare - (al unei cambii) acceptor for honour ~ sub protest - {al unei cambiî) acceptor supra protest acceptare s.f. acceptance ~ a mârcii - (de către consumatori) brand acceptance ~ a succesiunii — acceptance of an estate ~ a titlurilor - {dobândirea de titluri la termen) accept delivery ~ bancară - bank//banker's acceptance

~ condiţională - (a unei oferte de câtre cumpărător dacâ primeşte unele facilitâţi) conditional acceptance ~ contra documente - acceptance against documents ~ de complezenţâ - accomodation acceptance ~ de consumatori - (a unui produs) consumer acceptance ~ în alb - acceptance in blank, blank acceptance ~ în caz de necesitate - acceptance m case ofneed ~ necondiţionată/fără rezerve - unconditional/general acceptance ~ parţială - partial acceptance ~ pentru cotare - (a acţiunilor unei societăţi la bursa) admission to quotation ~ pentru onoare - (a unei cambii neacceptate/neplătite) acceptance for honour ~ specialâ/cu rezerve - special/ qualified acceptance ~ sub protest - acceptance supra protest acces s.n. access ~ legal - (dreptul unor persoane de a intra pe o proprietate, de a avea acces la unele documente) (dr.) legal access ~ liber - free access accesibil adj. accessibile, approachable; (despre preţurî) popular accesibilitate s.f. 1. accessibility, accessibleness, approachability 2. (numârul de indivizi care recepţio- neaza mesajul unei campanii publi- citare) reach accesoriu adj. accessory, incidental; secondary, collateral s.n. pl. appurtenances

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ACC-ACO 14

accident.s'.n. accident ~ asigurat - insured accident ~ cauzat terţilor - accident to third party ~ de exploatare - shop/mill accident ~ de muncă - industrial/labour/work accident ~ maritim - marine/maritime casualty, accident at sea acciz s.n. excise (duty/tax); inland duty a impune plata accizelor - to excise accizars.m. exciseman achita v.t. 1. (a plătî) to pay, to settle, to discharge, to defray; (a stinge o datorie) to extinguish; (parţial) to compound; (integral) to pay off; (in rate micî) to pay out; (la timp) to pay up; (taxele vamale) to clear up; (o cambie înainte de scadenta) to retire 2. (dr.) to acquit, to discharge achitare s.f. 1. (plata) payment, settlement, discharge, defrayal, defrayment; (a taxelor vamale) clearance; (a unei cambii înainte de scadenţă) retirement 2. {dr.) acquittal, absolution-, (de către juraţi) deliverance; {de câtre judecătorul de instrucţie) discharge ~ a dobânzilor la un împrumut -service of a loan ~ într-o singură tranşă - single payment achizitor s.m. acquirer, buyer, purchaser achiziţie s.f. 1. (cumpârăturâ) purchase, acquisition 2. {achiziţionare) purchase, purchasing, acquiring, buying ~ condiţionatâ - memorandum buying

~ de susţinere - (pentru a preveni scâderea cursului unor acţiuni la bursâ) support purchase ~ speculativă - (cumpărarea de bunuri sau de valori mobiliare cu scopul de a le revinde ulterior cu profif) specu- lation acquisition achiziţiona v.t. to purchase, to acquire, to buy achiziţionare s.f. purchasing, acquisition, acquiring acont s.n. (platâ partiala) part/partial payment, payment on account, sum paid on account; (prima rata) first instalment, down payment; (arvună) eamest money, handsel; (avans) advance (money), {care asigurâ prioritate la cumpărare sau vânzare în condiţii prestabilite) option money; (plătit la semnarea contractului de închiriere) key money a plăti un ~ cuiva - to pay smb. a sum on account/a first instalment aconta v.t. to pay on account (for), to pay/to give eamest money (for) acoperi v.t. 1. {bur., fm.) to cover; (un deficit) to make vip, to raeet 1. (un risc) (asig.) to cover acoperire s.f. 1. (bur., fin.) coverage; (tranzacţii de acoperire pe piaţa bursieră prin contracte la termen) covering; (pperaţiune de contracarare a riscurilor ce pot decurge dîn fluctu-aţiile cursurilor la bursele de mărfuri, din variaţiile preţurilor în tranzacţiile de comerţ exterior sau ale cursurilor de schimb) hedging 2. (a unui risc) (asig.) cover, coverage 3. (procentul de consumatori ai unei pieţe-ţintă care au cel puţin o ocazie de a recepţiona un

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15ACO-ACO

niesaj publicitar în timpul tinei campaniî) coverage

~ a dividendelor - (indicator care arata de câte ori pot fi plâtite dividendele din profîtul net al unei societăţî) dividend cover ~ a dobânzii - (indicator care aratâ de căte ori pot fi plătite dobânzile unei întreprinderi din profitul său brut) interest cover ~ a monedei - backing of currency ~ a posibilitâţilor de vânzare - (ra- portul dintre numărul estimat de clienţi şi numărul pe care îl poate deservi un agent de vânzări) sales coverage ~ bancarâ — {garantare parţială a bancnotelor de către banca de emisiune cu ajutorul unui portofoliu de titluri de valoare, devize convertibile etc.) banking cover ~ continentalâ - (asigurare auto britanicâ oferitâ persoanelor care se deplaseazâ pe continentul european) continental cover ~ efectivă/reală - (campanie publi- citarâ care reia de cel puţin patru ori un mesaj publicitar) effective/four-plus cover ~ excedentară - (cumpărarea unui număr mai mare de titluri decât pot fî vândute) (bur.) long position, bull account/position ~ financiară - backing ~ insuficientă - (bur.) short covering, bear account/position ~ în acţiuni - (situaţia unei societâţi anonime, care nu mai desfăşoară acti- vitate economicq, dar care are încă existenţă juridîcîi) bare shell

~ în aur — {gradul de acoperire a bancnotelor aflate în circulaţie) gold cover ~ la termen - (bur.) forward cover ~ minimă necesară - (bur.) minimum margin requirements ~ monetară - (cantitatea de valori relativ certe - aur, valute convertibile etc. — deţinute obligatoriu de către bâncile de emisiune şi exprimată printr-un procent din suma totală a emisiumi monetare} currency cover ~ prin active - (fin.) asset cover a avea ~ - to be covered, to hold security a nu avea ~ - to be uncovered, to lack security acord s.n. agreement; arrangement ~ anulabil - cancellable agreement ~ asupra navlului - (mar.) rate agreement ~ asupra tarifelor vamale tariff/union agreement ~ bilateral - bilateral agreement ~ colectiv - collective agreement ~ comercial - trade agreement ~ comercial reciproc/pe bază de reciprocitate - (cu reducerea taxelor vamale) reciprocal trade agreement ~ comercial şi de plăţi - trade agreement and payment ~ contractual restrictiv - (care interzice anumite acţium) (dr.) restrictive covenant ~ cu creditorii - (concordat) private arrangement, deed of arrangemeiw assignment ~ de angajare - (de forţă de munca necesara pentru anumite lucrări, încheiat între patronat şi sindicate) manning agreement

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16 ACO-ACO ~ de arbitraj - arbitration agreement ~ de asociere - (la CEE) association agreement ~ de barter - barter agreement ~ de cliring - clearing agreement ~ de colaborare - working agreement ~ de consorţiu - consortium agreement ~ de constituire a unui sindicat -syndicate agreement ~ de cooperare economică internaţională - intemational eco-nomic cooperation agreement ~ de credit cu reînnoire automată -revolving credit agreement ~ de cumpărare cu plata în rate -(proprietatea asupra produsului deve-nind efectivă în momentul livrăriî) deferred payment agreement ~ de evitare a dublei impuneri -agreement to avoid double taxation ~ de fixare a preţurilor de revânzare - {sistem de vânzare în care preţurile la ultimul consumator sunt stabilite de producător) {SUA) fair-trade agree-ment ~ de garantare a investiţiilor -guaranteed investment agreement ~ de indexări salariale - (prevâzut într-un contract de muncâ pentru situaţia în care preţurile cu amănuntul depăşesc un anumit nivel) threshold agreement ~ de plăţi - payment agreement ~ de productivitate - (între sindicate şi patronat, prin care mâririle salariale sunt condiţionate de creşterea produc-tivităţii) productivity agreement ~ de răscumpărare - (a titlurilor de valoare} repurchase agreement

~ de reeşalonare a datoriei externe - standstill/rescheduling agreement ~ de transfer - (convenţie între două ţâri privind fluxul plâţilor interna-ţionale) transfer agreement ~ de vânzare - agreement to sell ~ de vânzare pe credit - credit sale agreement ~ del credere - del credere agreement ~ economic - economic agreement ~ exclusiv de vânzări - (intre furnizor şi comerciantul local) exclusive sales agreement ~ fârâ concesii/compromisun - 'harâ bargain ~ general de împrumut - (al FMI) general arrangement to borrow ~ global - overall agreement, bargain by thejob/lump, package deal ~ internaţional de produse -intemational agreement for goods ~ între debitor şi creditori - (în caz de fahment) (dr.) scheme of composition/arrangement between debtor and creditors ~ multilateral - multilateral agreement ~ mutual - (incheiat între două sau mai multe state, care prevede facilităţi de natură comercială} reciprocity, mutual agreement ~ prealabil - previous agreement ~ prezidenţial - (incheiat de preşedinte cu un stat strâin, care nu necesită aprobarea senatuluî} (SUA) executive agreement ~ scris - agreement in writing ~ stand-by - (încheiat cu FMI) stand--by agreement/arrangement ~ -tip - pattem setting agreement ~ verbal - verbal/oral agreement a fi plătit în ~ - to be paid by the job

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ACO-ACT 17 acorda v.t. 1. {a da, a aloca) to grant; to give; (a permite) to allow, to permit; (a decernd) to award; (un drept, un privilegiu) to licence, to charter 2. (un termen) (dr.) to respite ~ cuiva un împrumut - to accommodate smb. with a loan ~ daune - interese - to award damages acordare s.f. granting; giving ~ de acţiuni angajaţilor - (la societatea în care lucreazâ) coownership/copartnership of industry ~ de consultanţă pentru recuperarea datoriilor - debt counselling ~ de licenţe de fabricaţie - licensing ~ de rabaturi - discounting acosta v.i. to moor, to land, to come/to handle/to haul alongside; to berth, to wharf ~ în bune condiţii - to make a safe landing acreditivs.n. letter of credit ~ colectiv - general letter ofcredit ~ confirmat - confirmed letter of credit ~ cu livrări eşalonate - letter of credit with spread-out deliveries ~ de export - export letter ofcredit ~ deschis - open credit ~ direct - direct letter of credit ~ documentar - documentary letter of credit ~ dublu - back-to-back letter of credit ~ irevocabil - irrevocable letter of credit ~ în alb - (cu suma nespecifîcatâ) blank credit ~ limitat - limited letter of credit ~ neconfîrmat - unconfirmed letter of credit

~ nominal - straight letter of credit ~ plătibil în tranşe - instalment letter of credit ~ reînnoit automat - revolving credit ~ revocabil - revocable letter of credit ~ simplu - simple credit ~ subsidiar - subsidiary letter ofcredit ~ transferabil - transferable letter of credit ~ utilizabil prin cambii - letter of credit useful by bills of exchange acru s.m. (unitate de suprafaîa} acre act s.n. 1. (faptă) act, action 2. (dr.) deed, act, document; legal instrument; writ; pl. judicial acts; (certifîcat) certificate ~ adiţional - addendum, rider ~ de avarie comună - (mar.) general average ~ de cesiune - deed of assignment/ conveyance ~ de conHscare a încărcăturii - seizure note ~ de constatare — (asupra încărcă- turif) statement notice; (expertiză) survey report ~ de constatare a cărăuşului - (pentru starea mărfif) (mar.) carrier's statement ~ de depozit în garanţie - bailment ~ de depunere a mărfurilor în consignaţie - consignment ~ de donaţie - deed of gift ~ de faliment - act ofbankruptcy ~ de garanţie de depozitare - warehouse bond ~ de garanţie pentru tranzit - transit bond ~ de încredinţare spre custodie - deed of tmst ~ de însoţire - (facturâ) bill ofparcels

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18 ACT-ACT ~ de lichidare a daunei - (asig.) claim release and discharge ~ de lichidare în vamă - {mar.) clearance note ~ de lichidare în vamă la intrare -(mar.) inward clearance bill/certificate, entry certificate ~ de naţionalitate - (a navei) certificate ofregistry ~ de navigaţie - marine document ~ de proprietate - deed ofproperty ~ de război - act ofwar ~ de recepţie - acceptance certificate ~ de revizie vamală specială - bill of sight ~ de subrogare - subrogation form ~ de transfer - (al unei proprietăţî) conveyance; (de titluri de vaîoare) deed of transfer, transfer deed ~ de vânzare - bill of sale ~ de vânzare absolut - (fărâ ipotecarea mărfiî) absolute bill of sale ~ de vânzare condiţionat - (cu ipotecarea niărfîi) conditional bill of sale ~ justifîcativ/probant - supporting document, document in proof/support, documentary evidence ~ notarial - notarial act/deed, solicitor's deed ~ oficial - official document ~ public - public document acte ale navei - (de registru şi de companie) ship's/vessel's documents/ papers ~ comerciale - acts of commerce activ s.n. (şi pl.) (cont., dr., fin.) asset(s) ~ de capital - (activ pe termen lung deţinut în special pentru activitatea normală afirmeî) capital asset

~ şi pasiv - assets and liabilities active acceptate — (drept garanţie de o banca) bankable assets ~ agresive - (active cu un coeficient beta mai mare decât cel al pieţeî) (bur.) aggressive assets ~ amortizabile - depreciable assets ~ blocate - frozen assets ~ circulante/curente - (elemente de acliv absorbite şi transformate în ciclul deproducţie) circulating/current assets ~ circulante nete - net quick assets ~ comerciale/de exploatare -commercial/operating assets ~ convertibile în lichidităţi - quick/ realizable assets ~ corporale/tangibile - tangible/ physical assets '" cu risc - risk assets ~ curente temporare - (active circu-lante cufluctuaţii sezoniere sau ciclice) temporary current assets ~ epuizabile/cu durată limitată de exploatare - {inine, cariere etc., care se epuizează în timp) wasting assets ~ eventuale - contingent assets ~ fictive - fîctitions assets ~ fînanciare - financial assets ~ fîxe - fixed assets ~ foarte lichide - quick assets ~ de rezervă - reserve assets ~ imobilizate - permanent assets ~ inepuizabile - nonwasting assets ~ în curs de fabricaţie - (cont.) work in process/progress ~ lichide/disponibile - liquid/ available/cash assets ~minimale - (rezerve minime ale unei băncî} minimal assets ~mobiliare - personal assets ~ monetare - monetary assets

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ACT-ACŢ 19 ~ necorporale/intangibile - (brevete, licenţe, mărci de fabrică etc.) intangible assets ~ nelichide - illiquid assets ~ nete - (activul contabil minus pasivul exigibif) net assets ~ nominale - {in contabilitatea în partidă dublâ) nominal assets ~ ponderate cu riscul aferent - (fîn.) risk-adjusted assets ~ productive - productive assets; (care aduc dobânda) (fin.) active assets ~ reale - real assets ~ sensibile la dobândă - interest- -sensitive assets ~ sociale - company's assets ~ stagnante - (care nu pot fi vândute rapid contra numerar) slow assets ~ subevaluate - hidden assets ~ succesorale - (dr.) legal assets, net estate activitate s.f. activity; (comerciala) business; (lucru, munca) work ~ bancară - banking ~ bancară de bază - basic banking ~ bancară de la domiciliul clientului - (prin telefon sau calculator) home banking ~ bancară electronică - electronic banking ~ bancară prin intermediul sucursalelor - branch banking ~ comercială frauduloasă - (activitate desfâşurată în timpul derulării procedurilor defaliment şi nedeclaratâ la tribunat) fraudulent trading ~ de atragere de depozite - (a unei bâncî) deposit - taking business ~ de consilier în problemele salariaţilor - employee counselling

~ de transport maritim - shipping industry ~ fărâ perspectivă - termmal/dead- -endjob ~ prevăzută în buget - budgeted activity ~ principală/de bazâ - core activity/ business ~ publică - public activity actualizare s.f. 1. bringing up-to-date 2. (raţionament economic prin care se determinâ evaluarea prezentă a unui activ, a unui venit, a unei utilitâţi viitoare) net present value method actualiza v.t. to bring up-to-date, to update actuar^.m. actuary actuarial adj. actuarial acţiona v.i. to act, to take action; to proceed v.t. (p maşină, un utilaj) to operate, to set in action/motion, to mn ~ conform instrucţiunilor - to proceed as directed ~ în calitate de - to act in one's capacity ~ în judecată pe cineva - to bring/to take an action against smb., to sue smb. acţionar s.m. shareholder; stockholder; (care contribuie la plata datoriilor în caz de lichidare a societâţiî} contributory

al unei societăţi de investiţii fînanciare - unit-holder ~ deţinător de acţiuni nominale -stockholder ofrecord ~ deţinător de acţiuni preferenţiale -preference shareholder ~ majoritar - principal/controlling shareholder ~ minoritar - minority shareholder

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20____________________________

actiune s.f. 1. action, act 2. (dr.) legal action, lawsuit, action at law 3. (titlu de valoare) share; stock ~ ascunsa - (forma de manifestare a hazardului moral intr-o relatie con-tractuald incompletd) hidden action ~ civila - civil action ~ comerciala - venture ~ de aur - (actiune care li conferd detindtorului drept de control asupra societdtii respective) golden share ~ directa — (presiuni exercitate de muncitori asupra patronatului prin greve, proteste etc.) direct action ~ grevista - strike struggle ~ indirecta - (actiune publicitard care urmdreste promovarea prestigiului unei firme sou al unei mdrci $i nu vdnzarea propriu-zisd de produse) indirect action ~ judiciara - legal action, lawsuit, action at law ~ in anulare - (dr.) nullity suit, action v>i WiwAttvyiA ~ in etape/trepte - step action ~ in restituire - (dr.) action for restauration, restitutio in integrum; trover ~ mixta - (civila si penald) mixed action ~ pentru daune - action for damages ~ reala - (pentru arestarea unei nave) (mar.) action in rem ~ reconventionala - (dr.) cross action ~ subrogatorie - (dr.) indirect action actiuni achitate integral - fully paid shares ~ active - (frecvent tranzactionate) active shares ~ ale administratorilor - (acfiuni pe care administratorii unei societdti

____________________ACT-ACT

anonime sunt obligati sd Ie depund ca garantie a responsabilitdtii lor pe toatd durata mandatului) qualifying shares ~ ale companiilor care exploateaza plantatii - (de tutun, cafea etc.) plantations ~ ale companiilor de navigatie -shipping shares ~ ale salariatilor - staff shares ~ ale societatilor de servicii publice -public utilities ~ ale societatilor din industria aviatica - aviation shares ~ ale societatilor din industria cauciucului - rubbers ~ ale societatilor din industria distractiilor/spectacolelor - (cinema, televiziune, teatru) amusement/ entertainment shares ~ ale societatilor din industria de automobile - automotive shares, motors ~ ale societatilor din industria mulwaL - mming, shares ~ ale societatilor din industria textila

- textiles ~ ale societatilor din industria tutunului - tobaccos ~ ale societatilor din sectorul asigurarilor - insurance shares ~ ale societatilor din sectorul comercial - commercials ~ ale societatilor din sectorul extractiei si al prelucrarii aurului - gold shares ~ ale societatilor din sectorul extractiei si al prelucrarii cuprului - coppers ~ alfa - (foarte sigure §i rentabile) alpha shares, blue chips

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ACT-ACT 21 ~ amanate - (cu plata dividendelor dupd ce toate celelalte tipuri de actiuni aufost achitate) - deferred shares ~ americane - (ale societdtilor din SUA) Yankees ~ atractive - (frecvent tranzactionate) leaders ~ australiene - (ale societdtilor din Australia, mai ales din industria minierd si a prelucrdrii tutunului) Kangaroos ~ - barometru - barometer stock ~ comune/obisnuite - common/ ordinary shares/stock, equity shares ~ cotate/listate - listed shares ~ cu drept de vot - voting shares ~ cu drept de vot restrictiv - restricted voting shares ~ cu drepturi multiple de vot - multiple voting shares ~ cu perspective de crestere - growth shares/stock ~ cu profit mare - high yielders ~ cu sau fara drept de vot - (SUA) classified common stock ~ de compensare - (actiuni ale statului oferite in compensate actiona- rilor de la unele societdti nationalizate) compensation stock ~ de folosinta - (titlu emis in locul unei acfiuni rambursate si care da drept la o parte din activele ce ar rezulta din lichidarea societdtii) bonus shares ~ de fondator - founder's/vendor's shares ~ de tezaur - (actiuni comune rdscumpdrate de societatea emitentd de la actionari) (SUA) Treasury shares/stock

~ detinute de public - outstanding shares ~ divizate — (in alte actiuni cu valoare mai mica) split shares ~ emise la preturi foarte scazute - (pentru speculatii) penny stock ~ emise pentru obtinerea de lichiditati - cash capital/shares ~ excedentare - (actiuni preferentiale necumpdrate la emisiune de actionarii existent!) excess shares ~ fara drept de vot - nonvoting/ voteless shares ~ fara valoare nominala - shares of no par value/without par value, unvalued shares ~ feroviare - (ale companiilor feroviare) railway/rail shares, rails; (SUA) railroads ~ fictive/diluate - (emise prin supraevaluarea activelor) watering stock, waters ~ gemene — (actiunile a doud societdti independente din punct de vedere juridic care au aceiasi actionari) twin shares ~ gratuite - (emise pe baza rezervelor de capital ale societdtii si care sunt distribute actionarilor existenti proportional cu actiunile detinute) bonus issue/shares ~ indivize -joint shares ~ industriale - (emise de societdti comerciale industriale) industrial shares, industrials ~ la moda — (foarte cdutate pentru o scurtd perioadd de timp) fashion shares ~ la purtator - bearer shares, shares to bearer ~ la societati de investitii financiare -trust units

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22 ACT-ACU ~ manageriale - management/ managers' shares ~ marcate - (al cdror certificat de acfiuni poartd dovada exercitdrii drepturilor specifice) marked shares ~ neparticipative - (care nil participd la profit, dar au un dividend fix) nonparticipating shares ~ nepreferentiale/neprivilegiate - ordinary/common shares/stock ~ nesigure - bazaar shares ~ noi - (emise in cadrul cresterii capitahdui social) new shares ~ nominale - registered shares/stock ~ petroliere - {ale companiilor petroliere) oil shares ~ preferentiale - (cu plata prioritard a dividendelor) preference/preferred shares, senior shares/stock ~ preferentiale cumulative - {cu dividend cumulativ) cumulative preference/preferred shares/stock ~ preferentiale cumulative $i cu par- ticipare deplina - fully participating and cumulative preference/preferred shares/stock ~ preferentiale necumulative - (jard dividend cumulativ) noncumulative preference/preferred shares/stock ~ preferentiale nerecuperabile - (pe care societatea emitentd nu are dreptui sd Ie rdscumpere) irredeemable preference/preferred shares/stock ~ purtatoare de dividende - dividend- -beanng shares ~ revocabile — (pe care emitentui isi rezervd dreptui de a Ie rdscumpdra) revocable shares ~ staiutate - (nunicn' obli^iilo rlu de actiuni pe cafe o petsoui'ici irebui.e su u; detind pciilru a Candida, ca inembru m

consiliul de administratie al societdtii respective) directors '/qualification shares ~ subevaluate - (dar cu posibilitdti de redresare) recovery shares ~ sud-africane - (al societdtilor din Africa de Sud, mai ales din indiistria extractiei de aur) Kaffirs ~ suplimentare - (emise in contui dividendelor) scrips ~ tranzactionate in afara bursei - over-the-counter shares ~ vechi - {care, la o eventuald emisiune, va avea o valoare mai mica decdt o actiune noua) old shares acumula v.t. to accumulate, to amass; (rezerve) to pile, to lay aside/by; (barn) to hoard up; (a inmagazina) to store; (a spori) to increase, to augment v.i. (a creste, a se mdri) to accrue acumulare s.f. \. accumulation 2. (mdrirea valoru unui activ prin crestere naturala) accretion; accrual ~ de capital - accumulation of capital, capital accumulation/formation ~ primara - primary/original accumulation acuza v.t. 1. (de) to accuse (of), to charge (with) 2. (dr.) to prosecute, to sue, to bring/to enter/to lay an action/a charge against, to proceed against; (im functionar public) to impeach acuzare s.f. \. accusation 2. (dr.) charge; (inculpare) inculpation, imputation, mcrimmation; (penald) arraignment; (a unui functionar public) impeachment; (pentru diverse vmi) indictment a punc pe ciiiyva '^ib ~ - to commit smb. for tii^l, to .•i.'.icH^i smb.

^^,.

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ADA-ADM 23 adaos s.n. 1. addition; {spor, crestere) increase, increment, rise; (plus) extra; (supliment) supplement; {completare) completion, appendage, pendant; (anexd) annex; (accesoriu) accessory 2. (amendament) amendment; (la o lege, un document) additional clause, rider; (la un testament} codicil; (la o polita) slip ~ comercial - (trade) markup ~ la greutate - makeweight adauga v.t. to add adaptabilitate s.f. adaptability ~ a factorilor de productie - (capacitated de asociere a unei unitati dintr-nn factor cu mai miilte unitati din alt factor de productie) production factors adaptability adecvat adj. adequate; (potrivit) fit, suitable adept 5. m. partisan, follower, adherent; (sprijinitor) supporter, backer, advocate ~ al cartelarii - cartelist "- al economiei planificate/dirijate - statist adeverinta s.f. {certificat) certificate; (de primire) receipt; {cupon) counterfoil; (recipisa de depunere a marfurilor) warrant; {atestat) attestation ~ de vama pentru provizii de bord - (mar.) ship's store bond a elibera o ~ - to draw up/to issue a certificate aditional adj. additional, extra; (suplimentar) supplementary adjudeca v.t. {la licitatie) to knock down adjudecatar s.m. (la licitatie) highest bidder, successful tenderer

adjunct adj. deputy...; assistant s.m. deputy; assistant administra v.t. {a conduce) to manage, to administer; to husband; to superintend; (o afacere) to carry on, to run; (prost, incompetent) to mismanage administrare s.f. administration; management; husbandry; superintendence ~ a activelor - administration of assets ~ a averii - (apartindnd unei persoane decedate) (dr.) administration of estates ~ a contului - account management ~ a datoriei - debt management ~ a navei - management of the ship/ vessel, ship's management, husbandry ~ fiduciara - trusteeship ~ judiciara - trusteeship in bankruptcy ~ prin procura - (a afacerilor) procuration ~ proasta/incompetenta -mismanagement administrativ adj. administrative administrator s.m. administrator; (director) manager, director, executive; {al unui spital, al unei mchisori) warden, governor; {al bunurilor altei persoane) trustee; (supraveghetor) superintendent; {econom al unui colegiu, al unui club) steward; (intendent) housekeeper; {custode) custodian, keeper ~ de chei - wharfinger ~ de cont - account manager ~ de dana - (SUA) wharf superintendent ~ de epave - receiver of wrecks ~ de nava - ship's husband - delegat - managing director, acting manager

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24 ADM-ADU ~ funciar - estate manager, land agent ~ judiciar - (al averii falitului) tmstee in bankruptcy, receiver (in bankruptcy), official receiver ~ public/din oficiu - public trustee administratie s.f. 1. (conducere) administration, management; (directie) direction; {inspectoral) superintendence 2. (serviciu) administrative service/department 3. (guvernare, guvern) government; (SUA) administration ~ a drumurilor - road board ~ financiara - revenue office, tax administration ~ locala - local authority/body/ government ~ prin procura/tutela - trust ~ publica/de stat - state management, civil service admis adj. admitted; (acceptat) accepted; received; (recunoscut) acknowledged admisa asigurarea interesului total -(asig.) full interest admitted admisibil adj. admissible; allowable admite v.t. 1. (o cerere) to allow, to grant 2. (un candidat) to admit, to let in, to matriculate ~ un apel - (dr.) to allow an appeal admitere s.f. 1. (a unei cereri) allowance, grant 2. {intr-un post, intr-o scoald) admission, admittance; matriculation ~ de noi membri - admission of new members ~ temporara - (a mdrfurilor de import cu scutire de taxe vamale) temporary admission adoptav.?. to adopt

~ un proiect de lege - to adopt/to pass a bill adresa v.t. (o scrisoare) to address v.r. (cuiva) to address oneself to, to address smb., to approach; (pentru a solicita ceva) to apply to adresant^./n. addressee adresa s.f. 1. (pe plic) address 2. (locul uncle se gdseste cinevd) address; (domi- ciliu) domicile, residence 3. (scrisoare oficiald) address ~ completa - full address ~ juridica - legal address ~ mobila - float address ~ permanenta - permanent address ~ postala - postal address ~ privata - home address ~ sociala - registered address aduce v.t. 1. to bring 2. (a transporta) to transport, to convey 3. (a produce, a da) to bring in, to yield; (cdstig; despre o mar/a) to command aduna v.t. 1. (cifre) to add, to figure up, to cast up, to tot up 2. (provizii) to lay in/up; (recolta) to gather/to get in, to harvest, to reap 3. (a colecta) to collect 4. {la o adunare) to assemble ~ impozite - to raise money, to levy/to collect taxes/money ~ prin colecta - to collect money/ subscriptions adunare s.f. (sedinta) sitting; (intrunire) meeting, rally; (plen) assembly; (politico} congress, convention ~ a actionarilor - shareholders'/ stockholders' meeting ~ a creditorilor - creditors' meeting ~ generala a actionarilor - general meeting of shareholders

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ADU-AFL 25 ~ generala anuala - (a actionarilor) annual general meeting ~ generala extraordinara - (a actionarilor) extraordinary general meeting ~ legislative - legislative assembly ~ statutara - (prima adunare generala a actionarilor) statutory meeting/report advertorial s.n. (articol de fond, editorial special conceput pentru a face publicitate unuiprodus) advertorial aeroports.n. airport afacere s.f. 1. {in sens general) affair 2. business; deal; (incheiatd si reusita) bargain; (negot) trade, commerce; (tranzactie) transaction 3. (judiciara) case, lawsuit ~ banoasa - moneymaker ~ buna - good stroke of business ~ cinstita - straight dealing ~ civila - civil case/suit ~ de familie - family business ~ de stat - state affair ~ dubioasa - shady deal/affair ~ necinstita - (a unui functionar public) jobbery ~ obisnuita - (asigurdri de afaceri, altele decdt cele care nu sunt din sectorul industrial) (asig.) ordinary business ~ olandeza - (in care una dintre parti obtine toate avantajele) Dutch bargain ~ proasta - bad stroke/piece of business, bad/losing bargain ~ producatoare de pierderi - loss maker ~ rentabila - remunerative business, paying/going concern/bargain, capital stroke of business ~ riscanta - adventure, gamble, wildcatting

afaceri ale initiatilor - (directori de societdti, inaiti functionari care detin informatii suplimentare despre anumite actiuni tranzactionate) (bur.) insider dealing/trading ~ bancare - banking ~ bancare de mare anvergura - (implicdnd sume mari de bani) wholesale banking ~ de lunga durata - long-winded business ~ de navlosire - (mar.) chartering business ~ maritime - maritime affairs/ business, shipping business - potentiale/posibile - business prospects a intra in ~ - to go into business a se lansa in ~ - to establish oneself in business afacerism s.n. 1. (peiorativ) profiteering, shady business 2. (spirit mtreprinzdtor) mercantile spirit, businesslike manner afacerist s.m. 1. (peiorativ) trafficker, racketeer 2. (pm de afaceri) businessman afilia v.t. to affiliate v.r. to affiliate, to be affiliated afi§ s.f. poster, bill, billboard ~ mare - crown poster ~ mic - handbill ~ publicitar - show bill afisa v.t. to post up, to bill afi§are s.f. bill sticking afisier s.n. notice board ailuenta s.f. 1. (belsug) affluence, plenty 2. (de lume, de clientela) affluence,rush ~ a ofertelor de vanzare - selling pressure

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26 AFL-AGE aflux s. n. (de capital, clienti, mdrfuri etc.) inflow, influx afreta v.t. (mar.) to charter, to freight, to affreight, to fix ~ cu navlu forfetar/global - to charter for lump sum ~ spatiu pe nava - to charter space afretare s.f. (mar.) chartering, freightage, affreightment, fixture agenda s.f. 1. (cornet) note/pocket book 2. (ordine de zi) agenda, order of the day agent s.m. 1. agent; (de schimb, bursa etc.) broker; (intermediar) go-between, medium, middleman 2, (substantd) agent ~ al armatorului - (mar.) owner's agent ~ al carausului - carrier's agent ~ al navlositorului - (mar.) charterer's agent, charter bound agent ~ al unei companii de mesagerie - (SUA) expressman ~ comercial - commercial agent; (comis-voiajor) travelling salesman, canvasser; (comisionar) mercantile agent; (intermediar) merchandise broker ~ comercial costier - (mar.) beachman ~ comisionar - commission agent ~ consular - consular agent ~ de aprovizionare a navelor - shipchandler, ship's chandler ~ de asigurare - insurance agent/ broker; (cdruia i se cedeazd un bun asigurat) (asig. mar.) abandonee; (membru al unei asociatii profesionale) incorporated broker ~ de asigurare Lloyd - (asig. mar.) Lloyd's agent

~ de asigurari maritime - marine insurance broker ~ de bursa - (specializat in tranzactii cu optiuni) option dealer/operator; (SUA) commission broker; (la bursa de mdrfuri) produce broker ~ de colectare a accizelor - exciseman ~ de companie - (mar.) company's agent ~ de cumparare - (care achizitioneazd mdrfuri pentru patronul sail) purchasing agent ~ de descarcare - unloading agent ~ de descarcare-primire - discharging contractor ~ de expeditie - (a mdrfurilor) forwarding agent, freight forwarder ~ de export - export agent ~ de import - import agent ~ de investitii - money manager ~ de incasari - collecting agent ~ de Tncarcare - loading contractor ~ de incarcare si expeditie - shipping and forwarding agent ~ de lichidare in vama - clearance/ clearing agent; (SUA) customs broker ~ de navlosire - (mar.) chartering agent/broker, freight agent/broker ~ de onorare a cererilor de despa-gubire - (in baza politelor de asigurare) claims adjuster ~ de pariuri - bookmaker ~ de presa - press agent ~ de primire - (a mdrfurilor) receiving clerk ~ de publicitate - advertising/publicity agent ~ de schimb - (bur.) stockbroker; (de mdrfuri) mercantile broker; (de cambii) cambist, running broker; (de titliin (ie vuio^ift'} conversion a "en:

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AGE-AGR 27 ~ de schimb valutar - foreign exchange broker/dealer ~ de scont - discount broker, bill broker ~ de subscriere - subscription agent ~ de transfer - (care inregistreazd transferal titlurilor de valoare) (SUA) transfer agent ~ de transport - transport agent ~ de transport si expeditie - shipping and forwarding agent ~ de tranzitari - transit agent ~ de vanzare a navei - ship sale broker ~ de vanzari - selling agent, sales agent/representative ~ del credere - del credere agent ~ electoral - canvasser ~ fiscal - tax collector, exacter, exactor; (care fixeazd impozitele) assessor ~ frigorific - cold carrier, cooling agent, refrigerant ~ frigorific lichid - refrigerant fluid ~ general al armatorului - (mar.) husband ~ imobiliar - real estate agent/ operator, estate agent; (SUA) realtor ~ intermediar - (comisionar cu ridicatd) factor ~ maritim - marine agent, ship agent/ broker; (de expeditie) shipping agent ~ monetar - circulating medium ~ pentru brevete - patent agent ~ platitor - paying agent ~ sanitar - health officer agentie A./' agen;,)1, {^euhi} uffice ~ comerciala conii-iserciaL'ti-ciJi., agency ~ de bilete - ticket agciicy

~ de garantare a creditelor de export - export credit agency ~ de informatii de credit - credit reference agency ~ de informatii financiare - (despre firme) status enquiry agency ~ de navigatie - shipping agency ~ de plasare - employment agency/ bureau ~ de presa - press agency ~ de publicitate - advertising agency ~ de rating - rating agency ~ de recuperare a datoriilor - debt- -recovery agency ~ de stiri - news agency ~ de verificare a solvabilitatii - (unui client sau a unei firme) credit agency ~ de voiaj - travel/tourist agency ~ guvernamentala - government agency ~ imobiliara - estate agency ~ maritima - maritime agency ~ portuara - port agency ~ vamala - customs agency agio s.n. (bur., fin.) agio; premium agiota v.t. to job, to speculate on the stock exchange, to bull and bear agiotaj s.n. agiotage agiotor.y.m. agio/stockjobber agitare s.f. (a pietei bursiere prin cumpdrarea masivd de actiiim ale unei societdti neperfbrmante cu intentia de u-i create artificial valoarea) bubble agitat adj. (despre piata bursieru} excited agrar adj. agrarian agregat s.n i. (uti/a]) (engine) unit, plani. unit. :"-seinbly, geiieratsng sc; 2. {indicts,..:' siati.Mic ci.! cme ,u' niasouici acli':uutea econciii[(.n u ii/ici tan') a^gre^ti^

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28 AGR-AJU ~ macroeconomic - macroeconomic aggregate ~ monetar - monetary aggregate agricol adj. agricultural agricultor s.m. farmer, cultivator; agriculturist; (tdran) peasant agricultura s.f. agriculture, farming;

~ a salariilor - wage adjustment ~ a valorii - (mdrirea sau scdderea valorii unui post de activ din bilant pand la valoarea zilei respective) (cont.) value adjustment ~ conjuncturala - (ansamblu de politici si mdsuri macroeconomice luate de stat) conjunctural adjustment

subsistence ^bsist ~ de subzistenta — agriculture/farming ~ extensiva - extensive agriculture ~ intensiva - intensive agriculture, high farming ~ mecanizata - mechanized agriculture ~ mixta - (cultivarea pdmantului si cresterea animalelor) mixed farming agrimensor s.m. land surveyor agrimensura s.f. land surveying agrobiologie s.f. agrobiology, agricultural biology agrochimie s.f. agrochemistry, agricultural chemistry agroindustrie s.f. agribusiness agronoms.m. agronomist agronomic s.f. agronomy, agronomics, agriculture agrotehnica s.f. agrotechnics, agricultural engineering, land use, farm practices agrozootehnica s.f. agricultural zootechnics ajun s.n. eve ~ al lichidarii - (bur.) name day ajunge v.i. (la) 1. to arrive (at) 2. (despre o sumo) to amount (to) ~ la scadenta - to fall due ~ la un compromis - (cu creditorii) to compound ajusta v.t. (la) to adjust (to) ajustare s.f. adjustment

~ ^mM a Droturilor -corrcctiE price adjustment ~ la convertire - (sumd rezultatd, in momentui convertirii obligatiunilor, din diferenta dintre pretui de ram- bursare al vechilor obligatiuni si pretui color noi) adjustment on conversion ~ la sfarsitui anului - (a conturilor in vederea mcheierii bilan^ului) year-end adjustment ~ structurala - (modificdri promovate de autoritdtile guvernamentale pentru ameliorarea climatului general al economiei nationale) structural adjustment ajustari ale taxelor vamale la export - border tax adjustments ajuta v.t. to aid; to assist; (material) to support; (a sustine) to sustain, to back up; (la nevoie) to relieve ajutor s.n. aid; (asistentd) assistance; (material) support; (la nevoie) relief; (bdnesc) allowance; (alocatie) benefit s.m. 1. aid; assistant 2. (loctiitor) deputy; (adjunct) adjunct, adjoint ~ de boala - sick(ness) allowance/ benefit/pay ~ de inmormantare - death grant ~ de maistru - charge hand ~ de na§tere - maternity allowance/ benefit/pay ~ de stat - (acordat familiilor numeroase) state grant to large families

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AJU-ALO 29 ~ de §omaj - unemployment allowance/benefit/pay, dole ~ economic - economic assistance ~ extern - foreign aid ~ financiar - financial assistance ~ mutual - mutual aid ~ pentru comert - (serviciile bancare, de publicitate, asigurdri, transporturi) aids/ancillaries to trade ~ social - social security benefit alatura v.t. \. (a pune aldturi) to lay by, to join, to add/to adjoin/to subjoin to; (a anexd) to annex; (intr-un plic) to enclose 2. (a compara) to compare; (a confruntd) to confront; (a colationa) to collate alaturat adj. (anexat) annexed, enclosed aici ~ - here enclosed, herewith album s.n. album; (pentru articole, decupaje etc.) scrap book ~ de mostre - sample book alcatui v.t. 1. (a schita, a redacta) to draw up 2. (un deviz) to estimate aleatoriu adj. aleatory, random alegator s.m. voter, elector alege v.t. 1. to choose; (a selecta) to select, to screen 2. (a vota) to elect, to vote 3. {intr-un post) to vote in alegere s.f. 1. choice; selection; (a celei mai bune alternative) (man.) screening 2. (yotare) election, polling alianta s.f. alliance aliena v.t. (dr.) to alienate alienabil adj. alienable alienare s.f. (dr.) alienation aliment s.n. food, foodstuff; pi. victuals alimente de prima necesitate - essential foodstuff

~ pentru consum rapid - (fast foods, alimente special ambalate si preparate pentru a fi consumate imediat) convenience goods alimenta v.t. 1. to feed, to nourish 2. (CM apd, energie electricd etc.) to supply; (cu combustibil) to fuel 3. (piata) to supply alimentara s.f. provision/food store aliniere s.f. (procesul prin care o bancd isi coreleazd activul/creditele cu pasivul/depozitele) matching ~ a fondurilor - (rnetodd de finantare a creditelor prin depozite cu scadentd comund) funds matching aloca v.t. to allocate, to allot, to assign; (din buget) to budget; (a destina) to earmark alocare s.f. allocation, allotment, assignment; appropriation ~ a activelor - asset allocation ~ a capitalului - (criterii de decizie pentru investitii in active fixe care implied compararea costului investitiei cu beneficiile sale viitoare) capital budgeting ~ a costurilor individuale - (din costui total) cost allocation ~ a resurselor - (distribuirea resur- selor, mtr-o economic, intre diferite utilizdri pentru a obtine un ansamblu de bunuri finale) allocation of resources, resources allocation ~ de actiuni - allotment of shares ~ de sarcini specifice - (fiecdrui utilaj din cadrul fabricii) machine loading alocatie s.f. allocation, allotment, assignment; (ajutor bdnesc) allowance, benefit, compensation, grant-in-aid ~ bugetara - budget dole

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30 ALO-AMB ~ de familie - (pentru copii) family allowance ~ de hrana - food/victualling allowance ~ de tmbarcare - (mar.) shipping allocation ~ de §omaj - dole ~ individuals - capitation grant ~ pentru copil - child benefit ~ pentru grevi§ti - strike benefit/pay alonja s.f. (pagina atasatd unei cambii, destinatd andosdrilor succesive) allonge, rider alterna v.t. to alternate alternative s.f. alternative alternative nonmonetare - (elemente implicate in luarea deciziilor privind utilizarea resurselor care nu pot fi exprimate in forma monetard) nonmonetary alternatives amanets.n. pawn a da/a lasa ~ - to pawn a scoate de la ~ - to take out of pawn, to redeem, to ransom amaneta v.t. to pawn, to put in pawn amanetare s.f. pawnage amara v.t. (incdrcdtura navel) (mar.) to lash, to secure, to fasten, to fix, to bind amarare v.t. (mar.) lashing, securing, fastening, fixing, binding ~ a caricului/incarcaturii - (in magazia navei sail pe punte) securing of cargo ~ a marfurilor - making fast, strapping ~ pentru mare - securing for sea ~ temporara - working fastening amana v.t. 1. to postpone, to lay over, to put off; (a intdrzia) to delay 2. (dr.)

to adjourn, to continue 3. (a pdsui) to reprieve, to respite amanare s.f. 1. postponement; delay 2. (dr.) adjournment 3. (pdsuire) respite, grace ~ sine die - adjournment sine die ambala v.t. to pack up, to package, to wrap up; (in baluri) to bale; (in sad) to bag; (in Idzi, cutii) to encase; (cadouri) to gift-wrap ambalaj s.n. pack, package, packing, wrapping ~ cerut §i platit de cumparator - special packing paid ~ de export - export packing ~ de ma§ina - machine packing ~ defectuos - deficient/faulty packing ~ din hartie rezistenta - kraft paper ~ etan§/impermeabil - waterproof packing ~ facturat separat - packing extra ~ inclus in pret - packing included ~ maritim - seaworthy packing ~ necorespunzator - inadequate packing, unsound package ~ neinclus in pret - packing not included ~ pentru cadouri - giftwrapping ~ pentru transportui pe mare - packing for shipment, overseas pack ~ potrivit dupa forma obiectului - fit packing ~ refolosit - second-hand package ~ returnabil - returnable package ~ transparent - blister pack ambalare s.f. packing, wrapping; (in baluri) baling; (in sad) bagging, sacking; (in Idzi, ciitii) encasement, crating; (de cadouri) giftwrapping ambalator^.w. packer, wrapper ambasada s.f. embassy

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AMB-ANA 31 ambasador s.m. ambassador ~ plenipotentiar - plenipotentiary ambulant adj. itinerant, strolling ameliora v.t. to improve, to make better, to better ameliorare s.f. improvement, betterment ~ a solului - soil improvement amenaja v.t. 1. to arrange; (o casa) to fit up, to dispose; (un oras) to plan; (a mobila) to furnish 2. (a echipa) to fit out, to appropriate; (o nova pentru o anumitd clasd de pasageri sau pentru transportui de marfd) to accommodate amenajare s.f. 1. arrangement; accommodation 2. pi. {ale navei) accommodations, fittings, facilities ~ de santier - construction management ~ forestiera - forest management ~ portuara - harbour accommodation amenajari de dana - berthing facilities, berth fittings ~ pentru animale - cattle fittings ~ pentru cereale - grain fittings ~ pentru pasageri - passenger accommodations ~ pentru transportui fructelor - (faguri de lemn) fruit fittings amenda v.t. 1. (a imbundtdti) to amend, to improve; (o lege) to amend 2. (a pune la amenda} to fine, to penalize amendamenti-.n. amendment amenda s.f. fine, penalty; (penalitate pentru mcalcarea unui contract) forfeit, penalty amiralitate s.f. admiralty amnistia v.t. to amnesty amortiza v.t. 1. {a rambursa treptat o datorie prin pidti repetate) to amortize,

to sink, to clear off, to write off 2. (procedeu contabil ce constd in diminuarea treptatd a valorii capitalului fix, survenitd in cursul perioadei de functionare, ca urmare a uzurii normale si a invechirii previzibile} to depreciate amortizabil adj. depreciable amortizare s.f. 1. (a unei datorii) amortization, sinking 2. (cont.) depreciation, wear and tear ~ accelerata - accelerated depreciation ~ cumulata - accumulated depreciation ~ fixa - fixed depreciation ~ in cote egale - straight-line depreciation ~ in sume fixe - level payment amortization ~ libera - free depreciation ~ normala - fair wear and tear amplasa v.t. to place, to lay out, to site, to locate amplasament^.n. site, location an s.m. year ~ civil/calendaristic - civil/calendar year ~ comercial - commercial business ~ contabil - accounting year ~ cu vin de calitate - vintage year ~ curent - current year ~ de productie - working year ~ de referinta - base year ~ financiar - financial year ~ fiscal/bugetar - fiscal year ~ - record/de varf- peak year ~ universitar - academic year ani de munca - (socotiti la calcularea pensiei) pensionable service analists.m. analyst

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32 ANA-ANA ~ al pietei bursiere - (care intocmeste grafice, tabele) chartist ~ de investitii - investment analyst analiza v.t. to analyse; (a defaica) to break down analiza s.f. analysis; (defalcare) breakdown ~ a breselor - (identificarea oportunitdtilor de marketing pe o piata) gap analysis ~ a calitatii - quality survey ~ a cheltuielilor de capital - capital expenditure analysis ~ a componentelor activitatii - operation breakdown ~ a componentelor postului - job breakdown ~ a concurentei - (de cdtre firmele rivale) competitor analysis ~ a drumului critic - (analiza etapelor pentru realizarea fiecdrei activitdti succesive in vederea implementdrii intregii strategii) critical path analysis ~ a fluxului de numerar - (cont., fin.) funds-flow analysis ~ a investitiei - investment analysis ~ a postului -job analysis ~ a pragului de rentabilitate - (metodd de a stabili ce nivel al vdnzdrilor este necesar pentru ca un produs nou so. depdseascd pragul de rentabilitate, adicd veniturile sdfie mat man decdt costurile) (cont.) break- -even analysis ~ a preturilor - breakdown of prices ~ a proportiilor — (pentru deter- minarea performantelor unui agent economic) ratio analysis ~ a riscului - (fin.) risk analysis ~ a riscului politic - (evaluat de un investitor, referitor la politico guver-

namentald a unui stat) political risk analysis ~ a scadentelor - due date analysis ~ a seriilor cronologice - (pentru elaborarea previziunilor comerciale) time-series analysis ~ a sistemului - system analysis ~ a timpului necesar miscarilor - (in procesul muncii) motion time analysis ~ a titrului - assay ~ a tranzactiei - (cont.) transaction analysis - a valorii - (analiza componentelor fi a operatiilor pentru obtinerea unui produs, in vederea realizdrii aceleia^i calitdti la un cost mai redus) value analysis ~ a vanzarilor - sales analysis, breakdown of sales ~ a vanzarilor cu amanuntui - (debuseuri, stocuri, publicitate etc.} shop audit ~ a vanzarilor in adancime - (de la primirea comenzii pdnd la expedierea mdrfii §i afacturilor) sales depth test ~ a vechimii debitorilor - debtor age analysis ~ asociata - (tehnicd de lucru utilizatd in dezvoltarea noilor produse) conjoint analysis ~ calitativa - (studiu de piata) qualitative analysis ~ cantitativa - (studiu de piata} quantitative analysis ~ comportamentala - (initiatd dc conducerea unei intreprinderi pentru u afia cauza relafiilor necorespunzdtoare dintre patronat si salariati) attitude survey ~ contabila - accounting analysis

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ANA-AND 33 ~ cost - beneficiu - (metoda de evaluare a oportunitdtii implementdrii unui protect, a continuant unei afaceri prin compararea beneficiilor obtinute cu costurile /acute) cost-benefit analysis ~ de expertiza/arbitraj - umpire analysis ~ de grup - (tehnicd de analizd statisticd prin intermediul cdreia o mostrd este incadratd intr-o serie de grupuri cu anumite trdsdturi comune) cluster analysis ~ de piata - market analysis ~ de portofoliu - (analiza unui depozit de titluri avdnd drept criteriu valoarea bursierd a acestora, profitui etc.) portfolio analysis ~ de trend - (analiza evolutiei situatiei financiare mregistratd de o firmd) trend analysis ~ dispersionala/de variants - (analiza diferentelor dintre costurile si veni- turile alocate si cele actuate) variance analysis ~ economics - economic analysis ~ factorials - factorial analysis ~ financiara - financial analysis ~ globala - bulk analysis ~ incrementala - incremental analysis ~ intrare-iesire - (metoda de studiere a interdependentelor cantitative dintre activitdti economice corelate, de analizare a relafiilor dintre divers ele industrii producdtoare fi consumatoare din cadrul unei economii nationale) input-output analysis ~ in sectiune transversals - (calculul ratelor financiare la doud momente diferite de timp) cross-sectional analysis

~ macroeconomics - macroeconomic analysis ~ marginala - marginal analysis ~ pe categorii - category analysis ~ procentuala - percentage analysis ~ statistics - statistical analysis ~ strategics - (analiza factorilor-cheie care pot asigura succesul) (man.) strategic analysis ~ structurala - (a unei ramuri indus- triale, a unei economii nationale) structural analysis ~ volumetrica - measure analysis ancheta s.f. 1. (dr.) inquest, inquiry, investigation 2. (sociald etc.) investigation; (studiu) survey ~ de opinie - opinion survey ~ de piata - market survey ~ de teren - field research -judiciara -judicial investigation ~ prin sondaj - sample survey ~ sociala - social investigation andoca v.t. (mar.) to dock, to drydock andosa v.t. (un efect de comert) to endorse, to back andosabil adj. endorsable andosant v. andosator andosare s.f. endorsement ~ completa - endorsement in full

conditionata - conditional endorsement ~ cu rezerve - qualified endorsement ~ de complezenta - accommodation endorsement ~ defectuoasa - incorrect endorsement ~ facultativa - facultative endorsement ~ in alb - endorsement in blank ~ neconditionata - unconditional/ absolute endorsement ~ prin procura - procuration endorsement

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34 AND-ANS ~ reglementara - regular endorsement ~ restrictiva - restrictive/restricted endorsement

speciala/nominala - special endorsement andosatar^.rn. endorsee andosator-y./n. endorser, backer ~ precedent - previous endorser ~ ulterior - subsequent endorser al doilea ~ - second endorser anex adj. annexed; enclosed anexa v.t. to annex, to append, to join; {intr-un plic) to enclose anexat adj. annexed; (alaturat) enclosed ~ alaturat - annexed herewith ~ la prezenta - attached hereto anexa s.f. 1. annex; (la un document} rider, schedule; (in plic) enclosure 2. {dependinta} annex; dependency, appurtenance angaja v.t. 1. to employ, to hire (on); to take in one's service; (ca ucenic) to indent, to indenture 2. (o nava) to book, to hire, to fix 3. (a implied} to involve v.r. 1. (a se obligd) (sd) to engage oneself (to), to pledge/to bind oneself (to) 2. (intr-un serviciu) to become employed, to go into service ~ raspunderea - to pledge the liability of angajament s.n. 1. engagement, commitment; pledge; (de naturd contractuala) indenture 2. {obligatie) obligation, liability; (datorie, pasiv) liability ~ de contributie - (in avaria comund) (asig. mar.) average bond ~ de garantie - suretyship ~ eventual - contingent liability

~ ferm — (a! subscriitorului fata de intreaga emisiune de titluri de valoare) firm commitment ~ neonorat/restant - outstanding liability ~ scris - (depus in custodia unei terte persoane care actioneazd conform unei intelegeri prealabile} (dr.) escrow angajare s.f. employment, hire; (intr-un post) induction ~ continua — (perioadd de functionare nemtreruptd la o firmd, folositd pentru calcularea unor beneficii) continuous employment ~ de forta de munca excedentara - (pentru a evita lips a acesteia in viitor) labour hoarding ~ de personal - staffing angajat.s-.rn. person engaged/employed ~ cu norma intreaga - whole timer, full-time employee angro adv. wholesale angrosist s.m. wholesale dealer/ merchant, wholesaler; (comerciant care se aprovizioneazd de la un anumit producdtor, pdstrdnd un anumit stoc de marfd, in schimbul unor bonificatii) stockist animal s. n. animal - de povara - pack animal, beast of burden ~ de tractiune - beast of draught ~ producator de lana - wool bearer animate de reproductie - bloodstock, pedigree stock ~ vii - {categoric de marfd) live cattle/stock animatic s.n. (fragmentele in miscare dintr-un clip publicitar televizai) animatic ansamblu^.rt. ensemble; aggregate

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ANS-ANU 35 ~ de date catalogate - catalogued data set ~ de elemente - (care afecteazd randamentid) yield mix ~ de locuinte - housing development ~ de produse - product mix antedata v.t. to antedate, to foredate antedata s.f. antedate anteproiect s.n. preliminary/previous design/plan/project, first draft anterior adj. anterior (to), prior (to) anterioritate s.f. anteriority, previousness; priority ~ a inventiei - priority of invention aatets.n. heading of a letter, letterhead anticipa v.t., v.i. to anticipate, to forestall anticipare s.f. anticipation; (asteptare, expectativa) expectation ~ si temporizare - (indicatorii activitdtii economice nationale sunt fie previzionati, fie confirmati dupa producerea transformdrilor) leading and lagging anticipari de pret - price expectations ~ inflationiste - inflationary expectations ~ rationale - (tendinta participantilor la schimb de a prevedea actuinile vizand modificarea rezultatelor pietei) rational expectations anticipat adj. anticipated adv. beforehand antidumping s. n. antidumping antiinflationist adj. anti-inflationary antiprotectionist s.m. (SUA) tariff reformer antitrust adj. antitrust antrepozit s.n. warehouse, storehouse, entrepot

~ de consignatie - consignment warehouse ~ frigoritic — cold storehouse ~ pe tarm - warehouse ashore - portuar - harbour warehouse ~ vamal - bonded/customs warehouse, public storehouse antrepozitare s.f. warehousing antreprenor s.m. contractor, entrepreneur, enterpriser, undertaker ~ de chei - wharfinger ~ de constructii - master-builder, building contractor ~ de descarcare-primire - (a mdrfu- rilor) (mar.) landing coniractor ~ de incarcare - loading contractor ~ de pompe funebre - undertaker: (SUA) mortician ~ de transporturi - haulage/cartage contractor, transporter ~ general - prime/chief contractor antrepriza s.f. undertaking, enterprise, work by contract, contract for a work a da in ~ - to put out to contract a lua in ~ - to contract for, to take by contract anual adj. yearly, annual adv. yearly, annually anuar s.n. yearbook, directory ~ comercial/al societatilor comerciale - trade/commercial directory ~ de publicitate - advertising directory ~ statistic - statistical yearbook anuitate s.f. annuity ~ a politei comune de asigurare de viata -joint life annuity ~ a politei comune de asigurare de viata si pentru supravietuitor - (cu anuitatea diminuatd dupa decesul unuia dintre cei doi asigurati) joint life and survivor annuity

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36 ANU-APE ~ aleatorie - (a unei polite de asigurare de viatd, a caret platd este conditionatd de producerea unui eveniment) contingent annuity ~ amanata - (as ig.) deferred annuity ~ perpetua - perpetual annuity ~ platibila pentru o perioada limitata - (asig.) terminable annuity ~ prin reversiune - (asig.) reversionary annuity ~ sigura/la termen - (asigurare care prevede plata cdtre beneficiar a unei anuitdti pe o perioada determinata) annuity certain anula v.t. 1. to annul, to disannul; (a revoca) to revoke; (a contramanda) to call off; (o comandd, un credit etc.) to withdraw; (o datorie) (cont.) to write off 2. (dr.) (a abrogd) to nullify; (a rezilia) to cancel, to undo, to void, to vacate; (a respinge, a casa) to overrule, to reverse; (o lege, un testament etc.) to render void, to void, to repeal anulabil adj. cancellable; voidable, vacatable anulare s.f. 1. annulment, disannulment; (a unei comenzi, a unui credit etc.) withdrawal; (a unei datorii) remittal, write-off 2. (dr.) (abrogare) nullification, defeasance; (reziliere) cancellation, voidance, avoidance; (a unui testament etc.) invalidation, voidance anunt s.f. announcement, notice, notification; (afis) bill; (in ziar) advertisement; (informatie apdrutd in ziar) insertion; (fluturas, anunt distribuit trecdtorilor) handbill ~ de reclama - (secvenfe din filme de cinema si televiziune prezentate ca reclama) trailer

~ in ziar - newspaper advertisement ~ publicitar - (la radio si televiziune) spot announcement/broadcast, commercial; (al unui detailist publicat aldturi de anuntui fabricantului respective (SUA) tie-in a da un ~ la ziar - to advertise in a newspaper, to put an advertisement anunta v.t. to announce, to notify; (printr-un afis) to bill; (in ziar, la radio etc.) to advertise aparat s.n. apparatus, device, appliance; (marina) machine; (instrument) instrument; (mecanism) gear, mechanism ~ de productie - production apparatus ~ pentru prelevare de probe - sampler, sampling device aparatura s.f. apparatus; equipment ~ electrocasnica - white goods apartament.s'.n. flat; suite apartamente cu chirie/de inchiriat - lodgings apatie s.f. apathy ~ la cumparare - (in ciuda reclame!) sales apathy apa s.f. water ~ poluata - polluted water ~ potabila - drinking/potable water ape continentale - continental waters ~ costiere - coastal/offshore waters ~ cu trafic intens - congested waters ~ de pescuit - fishing waters ~ industriale - industrial waters ~ interioare - intemal/interior/inland waters ~ Internationale - international waters ~ inchise - (pentru navigatie) closed waters ~ maritime - maritime waters ~ nationale - inland waters

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APE-ARE 37 ~ navigable - navigable waters ~ portuare - harbour/port waters ~ reziduale/uzate - waste waters, effluents ~ teritoriale - territorial waters apel s.n. 1. call 2. (dr.) appeal ~ de sinistru - {mar.) distress/SOS call a declara ~ - to lay/to lodge an appeal, to reclaim apelant s.m. (dr.) appellant, appealing party, plaintiff in appeal aplana v.t. (un conflict) to settle aplica v.t. 1. (o lege) to enforce 2. (o semndtura, o stampild) to append, to affix apart s.n. contribution ~ de capital - contribution of capital aprecia v.t. (a evalua) to appraise, to evaluate, to estimate, to assess v.r. (bur., cont.,fin.) to appreciate apreciere s.f. 1. (evaluare) appraisal, evaluation, estimate, assessment 2. (a valorii unui activ) (bur., cont., fin.) appreciation ~ a capacitatii - (unui salariat) performance appraisal ~ a perspectivelor pietei - assessment of market prospects ~ a unei valute - (in raport cu altele) currency appreciation aproba v.t. to approve; to sanction; (a ratified) to ratify; (a fi de acord cu) to agree with/to aprobare s.f. approval ~ a cadastrului - planning permission apropria v.t. to appropriate 2. (dr.) to convert apropriere s.f. 1. appropriation 2. (dr.) conversion aproviziona v.t. to supply; (a furniza) to furnish; ( cu materiale, piese etc.) to

stock; ( cu alimente) to provision, to victual, to cater for v.r. to take/to lay in a stock/supply, to buy in, to provide oneself ~ excesiv — (o piatd, un magazin etc.) to overstock ~ insuficient - to understock aprovizionare s.f. supply; (furnizare) furnishing; (cu alimente) provisioning, victualling, catering ~ institutionalizata - (modalitate prin care diversele organizatii identified si evalueazd produsele pe care doresc sd Ie achizitioneze) organizational buying ~ in grup - (a detailistilor) group trading ~ pe termen scurt - short-run supply ar s.m. (unitate de mdsurd) are ara v.t. to plough, to till arabil adj. arable, tillable aranjament s.n. arrangement; (intelegere) agreement, settlement ~ amical - friendly arrangement aratura s.f. 1. (arat) ploughing, tilling 2. ploughland, tillage arbitra v.t. to arbitrate; (un diferend) to umpire arbitraj s.n. 1. (solutionarea unui diferend de cdtre o persoand sau institutie automata) arbitration 2. (cumpdrarea si vdnzarea simultand de instrumente financiare similare pe piete diferite cu scopul realizdrii unui profit sau pentru a prevent eventualele schimbdri posibile in raporturile de preturi ale instrumentelor respective) arbitrage ~ cu dobaiida acoperita - (fin.) covered interest arbitrage ~ de indici - (bur.) index arbitrage

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38 ARB-ARM ~ intre burse ale aceleiasi tari - shunting ~ pentru normele de munca ~ arbitration of work standards ~ speculativ - speculative arbitrage ~ valutar - arbitrage in/of exchange, exchange arbitrage arbitru s.m. arbitrator, arbiter arbore s.m. tree ~ de decizie - (stabilirea grqflcd a tipului de relatie intre deciziile manageriale si factorii probabilistici) (man.) decision tree arenda v.t. (a da sau a Ilia in arenda) to lease, to rent; [a luu in arenda} to tenant arendare s.f. (dare sau luare in arenda) lease, leasing; (luare in arenda) tenancy arenda? s.m. leaseholder, lessee, tenant ~ abuziv — (care continud sd ocupe o proprietate dupd expirarea contrac- tului fdrd acordul proprielarului) tenant at sufferance ~ cu contract — (valabil un anumit numdr de ani) tenant for years ~ cu contract valabil un an - tenant from year to year - fara contract -- tenant at will ~ in cota indiviza - tenant in common ~ pe viata - tenant for life, life tenant arenda s.f. (drept) lease; (plata) rent -- excesiva - rack-rent - pe viata - perpetual lease - supiimentara - (p'ldtitd pentru terenuri cdnd aceslea sunt insuficiente) scarcity rent a da in ~ - to grant/to iet out on lease a lua in ~ - to lake on lease ar^mts.n. silver -• in. liiigoiiri - silver bullion

~ monetar/cu titlu legal - standard/ sterling silver arhivar s.m. archivist, keeper of the records arhivas.f. archives, records arhivele statului - public records arie s.f. area; (siiprafatd) surface; (zond) zone; (intindere) extent, expanse ~ a vanzarilor - (de care rdspunde un agent de vdnzdri) sales territory/zone ~ productiva - (arie petroliferd} payable area/zone arierat^.n. arrear, overdue debt arima v.t. (afrxa incdrcdtura unei. nave sau a unm avion pentru mentinerea mini centra/ favorabil stabilitdtii) to stow arimare s.f. stowing, stowage ~ a marfurilor - stowing goods ~ corecta - sound stowage arma v.t. 1. (o nava) to fit out, to outfit, to commission 2. (a incadra cu echipaj o navd) to man armare .s'./ (mar.) 1. (dotare cu echipament si materiale) fitting out, outfit, commission 2. (incadrare cu echipaj) manning armatorA'./H. (mar.) shipowner, owner ~ - administrator - managing owner ~ al navei de linie - berth owner/ shipowner ~ al navei-tramp - tramp owner ~ - ciimparator — merchant shipper

independent/necartelat nonconference carrier ~ - Inchirietor - chartered/freight contractor - »{ na\ lositor - owner and charterer

armoniza v.i 1. {poliiici fi practici nationale Ci! stundardele inte:''r.a-honai.e} to harmonize 2. (d!fe"te'

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ARM-ARU 39 tipuri de registre contabile ale unei societdti) to reconcile armonizare s.f. hamionization ~ a taxelor vamale - (nniformizarea nomenclatoarelor ^i a procedurilor vamale in tdrile care coopereaza) customs/tariff harmonization ~ strategica — {corelarea dintre stra- tegia companiei ^i resursele sale} {man.) strategic fit arta s.f. art ~ a decorarii vitrinelor - window dressing ~ mestesugareasca - handicraft, craftsmanship articol s.n. 1. (de ziur) article 2. {de lege) article, item 3. (comercial) article, commodity; pi. goods, wares ~ contabil - entry, item ~ de export - export ~ de fond - {editorial) leader, leading article ~ de import - import, foreigner ~ de inchidere - {cont.) closing entry ~ de lux- luxury article ~ de ordine - {cont.) suspense entry ~ de virament - {cont.) transfer entry ~ debitor - {cont.) debit entry ~ economic - (in ziar) city article ~ fara cautare - (impiis consumatorului) (SU'A) tie-in ~ foarte cautat - best seller ~ garantat - {ca origine) genuine article ~ impozabil - taxable article ~ patentat - proprietary article ~ recapitulativ - (cont.) compound entry ~ vandut in pierdere - (pentru a atrage clienieia fi a promova alie articole) Joss leade'-

articole casnice - household articles ~ casnice de folosinta indelungata - household durables ~ de baza ale exportului - staple exports - de fierarie - ironmongery ~ de larg consum - consumer goods ~ de lana - woollen goods ~ de lemn - woodenware ~ de menaj - small ware ~ de mercerie - haberdashery ~ de moda - fancy goods ~ de papetarie - paper goods ~ de prima/stricta necesitate - (living) essentials, necessaries ~ de sezon - seasonal articles

desperecheate/dezasortate broken/job lot, oddments ~ diverse - sundries ~ exceptionale - {cont.) exceptional items ~ extraordinare - (cont.', extraordinary items ~ returnate - (vdnzdtorului} saSes returns, returns inwards ~ sanitare - sanitary articles ~ semifabricate - semifinished semimanufactured articles eel mai avantajos/competitiv ~ - best buy artizan s.m. artisan, handicraftsman, craftsman artizan al adj. handmade artizanatj-.n. handicraft arunca v.t. {mdrfnn, materiale etc peste hoi-d pentru salvarea navci} {mar.) to jettison, to cast/to throw overboard ariincare ;c,/' {a incarcutiin, ':e:.!.. bord) (mar ) ieUison

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40 ARU-ASI arvuna s.f. advance (money), earnest (money), handsel a da ~ - to bind a bargain arvuni v.t. to give earnest (money) for asambia v.t. to assemble asana v.t. 1. (o miastind) to reclaim; (tin lac, o baltd) to drain 2. (a imbundtdti, a redresa) to improve; to normalize 3. (finantele) to reorganize ascundere s.f. (a activelor de cdtre un falit, a adevdrului de cdtre un asigurat etc.) concealment asesor^.m. (dr.) assessor asieta s.f. 1. (pozitie a planului de baza al unei nave fata de planul orizontal) trim 2. (baza de calcul a unui impozit) basis ~ de exploatare - (mar.) operating trim ~ de mar§ - (mar.) running/sailing trim asigura v.t. \. (a da cele necesare) to provide 2. (a garanta) to secure, to ensure; to assure 3. (impotriva) to insure (against); (un rise) to cover; (o proprietate maritimd) to underwrite v.r. (impotriva) to insure oneself (against), to take out an insurance (against) asigurabil adj. insurable asigurare s.f. 1. securing, ensuring; assurance 2. (impotriva accidentelor, a pierderilor) insurance; (a unui rise) cover; {de viatd) assurance; (maritimd) underwriting ~ a animalelor - livestock insurance ~ a calitatii - quality assurance ~ a caricului/incarcaturii - insurance of cargo, cargo insurance ~ a cheltuielilor extraordinare - disbursement insurance

~ a creditelor - (care ii garanteazd unui creditor cd isi va recupera fondurile in cazul in care debitorul nu isi mat poate indeplini obligatiile de platd) credit insurance ~ a creditelor de export - export credit insurance ~ a depozitului bancar - bank deposit insurance ~ a garantiei - guarantee insurance ~ a marfurilor depozitate -warehouse insurance ~ a navlului - (asig. mar.) freight insurance ~ a raspunderii - liability insurance ~ auto - automobile/motor insurance ~ aviatica - aviation insurance ~ casco - hull insurance ~ colectiva - group insurance ~ concurenta - (la mai multi asigurdtori) concurrent insurance ~ cu anuitate - annuity insurance ~ cu avarie particulars! - (asig. mar.) insurance with particular average ~ cu echipament si accesorii - (asig. mar.) outfit insurance ~ de la depozit la depozit - warehouse to warehouse insurance ~ de marfuri periculoase - hazardous (goods) insurance ~ de persoane impotriva accidentelor si a bolilor - personal accident and sickness insurance ~ de proprietate - property insurance ~ de raspundere civila - third-party insurance, public liability insurance ~ de raspundere personala - personal liability insurance ~ de renta viagera - life annuity insurance ~ de somaj - uneployment insurance

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ASI-ASI 41 ~ de viata - life assurance/insurance ~ de viata din fonduri salariale - (cu prime achitate/refinute din salami) salary savings insurance, payroll deduction insurance ~ dubia - {la doi asigurdtori) double insurance ~ efectuata de o societate comerciala de asigurari - (spre deosebire de o asigurare mutuala) proprietary insurance ~ facultativa - voluntary insurance ~ fara avarie particular^ - (asig. mar.) insurance free from particular average ~ flotanta - floating/open insurance ~ fluviala - river insurance ~ generala - (impotriva tuturor riscurilor) general insurance ~ globala - (care acoperd un grup de riscuri multiple sau asigurd o proprietate in locuri diferite) blanket insurance; (SUA) package insurance ~ inferioara — (subasigurare, asigurare in care suma asiguratd este mult mai mica decdt valoarea reald a bunului asigurat) underinsurance ~ impotriva accidentelor - accident/casualty insurance ~ impotriva accidentelor de munca - workmen's compensation insurance ~ impotriva avariilor - insurance against damages ~ Impotriva furtului - theft/burglary insurance ~ impotriva incendiului - fire insurance ~ impotriva lipsei de onestitate - (incheiatd de patronul care se asigurd impotriva pierderilor cauzate de

necinstea unui angajat) fidelity insurance ~ Impotriva nerespectarii obligatiilor contractuale - fidelity insurance ~ Impotriva pierderii totale - insurance against total loss ~ impotriva prejudiciilor aduse unui tert - third-party insurance ~ impotriva riscurilor de razboi - insurance against war risks, war risk insurance ~ impotriva riscului de transport - transport insurance ~ impotriva riscurilor multiple - multiple peril insurance ~ impotriva spargerii - insurance against breakage ~ impotriva tuturor pierderilor sau a avariilor - insurance against all losses or damages ~ impotriva tuturor riscurilor - insurance against all risks ~ in bloc - (a mdrfurilor expediate in loturi mid cu diferite mijioace de transport} block insurance ~ maritima - marine/sea insurance ~ mobiliara - movable property insurance ~ mutuala - mutual insurance ~ partiala - partial insurance ~ pe viata - whole life insurance; (SUA) straight life insurance ~ pe voiaj - (asig. mar.) voyage insurance ~ pentru accidente de munca - industrial injuries insurance ~ pentru sectorul tehnic - engineering insurance ~ pentru toate riscurile - all-risks insurance

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42 ASI-ASO ~ pentru vreme rea - (asig. mar.} weather insurance ~ perfecta impotriva riscurilor - (bur., fin.) perfect hedge ~ provizorie - provisional insurance

suplimentara - additional/ supplementary insurance asigurari de sanatate - medical/health insurance - de stat - state/national insurance - maritime pe caile navigabile interioare - inland marine/transit insurance ~ sociale — social/national insurance ~ sociale din fonduri salariale - contributory insurance asigurat adj. insured s.m. insured person, insurance carrier

integral - fully insured asigurator s.m. insurer; (asig. mar.) underwriter - ;il earicului - cargo underwriter -- casco - {at corpuhd navei} hull underwriter - de navlu - freight underwriter - Lloyd - Lloyd's underwriter - maritini - marine underwriter - principal - leading underwnter asimetrie .•;,,/. asymmetry ~ intre nivelurile de dezvoitare economica - [aspect esential cil eco-nomici mondiale conlemporane, conferit de structura elerogend a acesieia, cure este alcutuitd din tdri en niveJuri economice difenie'} asymmetry '1 economic development levels asistent s.m. assistant -- social - welfare/social worker asistenta s.f. 1, {anuor} assistance, aici;

tc. i relief ^.

~ economica - economic assistance ~ juridica - legal aid ~ maritima/pe mare - (in caz de pericol) salvage ~ pentru dezvoitare - development assistance ~ sociala - social welfare, welfare work ~ tehnica - technical assistance asocia v.r. (cu) to associate (with), to enter into partnership (with) asocial.?.»;. associate; partner ~ activ - active/acting partner - - administrator - managing partner ~ cu numele - quasi-partner ~ in participate - (cu raspundere in limitele capitaliilui subscris) special partner ~ nominal - nominal partner ~ principal - senior partner ~ putin cunoscut - (comanditar, partener care nil ia parte acliva la afaceri) silent/sleeping partner ~ secundar - junior partner ~ unic - sole trader a lua pe cineva ca - to take smb. into partnership asociatie s.f. 1. association; (socielate) society 2. (economica) partnership ~ de asigurare mutuala - mutual insurance association ~ de economii si credite - (SUA) savings and loan association - de intrajutorare - (a muncitorilor) jiroviderit society ~ familiala - family firm

nonprofit - unicorporated .issociation -• patronalii - trade' association prolesionala/necomerciai;'

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ASO-ATI 43 ~ voluntara - (de detailisti care au convenit sd cumpere de la un singur angrosist, in schimbul unor facilitdti si avantaje) voluntary groups asociere s.f. association; (economica) partnership ~ fara contract - partnership at will asolament s.n. (rotatie a cultiirilor agricole) rotation/alternation/ succession/shift of crops, crop rotation/ succession ~ de cinci ani — five-course rotation ~ furajer - fodder rotation asorta v.t. 1. to assort, to sort: to match, to suit, to fit 2. (a aproviziona un magazin cu mdrfuri variate) to assort asortiment s.'n. (corn.) assortment, range, variety ~ de e§antionare - variety of patterns ~ in vanzare - sales mix asumare s.f. assumption ~ a riscului — (acceptarea riscului chiar si in conditiile in care existd numeroase incertitudini legate de posi- bilitatea obtinerii mini anumit cdstig ^i de stabilitatea acestuia) risk assumption ~ a riscului de credit - assumption of credit risk asa adv. (cum) as ~ cum este prezentat - (refentor Ju semnarea iinui conosameiit) (nun: i as presented ~ cum se prezinta - (conditie in asigurarea maritimd} tale qiiale a^teptare s.f. 1, waiting 2, (speri.inSe perspective} expectation 3 (rnvel a! eforliilui pe care un. salanat cnn.sici(:'i'ci cd trebuie sa-i depnnu pentrii (.i-fi

mdeplini sarcmile si obiectivele de lucru) {man.) expectancy ~ la descarcare - waiting for discharge ~ la incarcare — waiting for loading a^teptari Hexibile - (referitor la valoarea viitoare a unei variahile, estimatd mfunctie de mai multi factori) adaptive expectations ~ rationale — (explicarea comporta- mentului economic al indivizilor sou al companiilor in functie de. optiunea pentru una dintre previziunile realizate) rational expectations ataffats.m. attache ~ cultural - cultural attache ~ comercial - commercial attache ~ militar - military attache atelier s.n. workshop, shop ~ de montaj - assembly shop ~ de reparatii auto — motor repair shop ~ mecanic - machine shop ~ meste§ugaresc - small plan! operation ~ plutitor - (mar.) repair ship/vessel. workshop ship/vessel, floating facton,"' works atesta r t. to attest, to certify atestat s.n. certificate - de recomandare - testimonial atinge v.t. 1. (un nivel) to reach; (') cifrd, o suma) to run to 2. (un scop} to achie'\ e. to gain, to attain; {a realiza) to achieve - Tn medie - to average ~- pragul de rentabiSitate - to breai< even atin^ere A/.' (a firii^iihii/citr'isni/i /';;'';/•?;) (but.) grounding atltudine s.''". attitude

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44 ATI-AUT ~ in fata riscului - (felul in care diferite persoane se raporteazd, in procesul ludrii deciziilor, la caracterul probabilist al evenimentelor) risk attitude atomicitate s.f. (caracteristicd esen- tiald a pietei in cadrul cdreia existd numerosi cumpdrdtori si vdnzdtori, fdrd ca vreunul dintre ei sdfie prepon- derenf) atomicity atribui v.t. to allot, to assign atribuire s.f. allotment, assigning ~ a actiunilor - allotment of shares atribut^.n. attribute ~ evident/caracteristic - (al unui produs) salient attribute atributie s.f. prerogative, competence; (insdrcinare) task, obligation; (de serviciu) duty, function atributii de serviciu - functions audienta s.f. audience ~ — tinta — {segment de consumatori vizat de o campanie publicitara) target audience audit s. n. audit ~ al resurselor - (in vederea realizdrii unei strategii economice) (man.) resource audit ~ bancar - banking audit ~ casnic - home audit ~ de marketing - marketing audit ~ detaliat - detailed audit ~ ecologic - environmental audit ~ extern - (efectuat de specialist! din afara institutief) external audit ~ general — (la sfdrsitui anului financial general audit ~ intern - (efectuat de specialisti din institutia respectivd) internal audit ~ permanent - continuous audit

~ social - (justificarea costurilor si a beneficiilor impuse societdtii de cdtre mtreprinderf) social audit auditoriu s.n. audience ~ captiv - (obligat sd asculte material publicitar in timpul receptiondrii unor programe de radio si televiziune) captive audience aur s.n. gold ~ afectat.. ./in custodie - gold earmarked ~ monetar/cu titlu legal - standard gold ~ nemonetar - nonstandard gold aurifer adj. auriferous, gold-bearing austeritate s.f. austerity autarhie s.f. autarchy, autarky ~ economica - economic self- -sufficiency autentic adj. authentic, genuine; (despre o copie) certified ~ si valabil - (despre cecuri) genuine and valid autenticitate s.f. authenticity, genuineness autentifica v.t. to authenticate, to legalize, to certify; (la notarial) to notarize autoaprindere s.f. (a unor mdrfuri) spontaneous combustion/ignition, auto- -ignition autobuz s.n. bus; (pentru curse lungi) coach autocamion s.n. (motor) lorry, (automotive/motor) truck ~ cu remorca - motor lorry and trailer ~ de transportat busteni lungi - timber truck autocisterna s.f. tank lorry/truck, road tank car/tanker, bulk lorry

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AVT-A^A 45

autoconsum 5.7!. (consumul de bunuri si servicii finale de cdtre producatorul msusi) self-consumption autoevaluare s.f. (a impunerii; sistem practical in unele tdri prin care contribuabilul isi calculezd singur cuantumul impozitelor) self-assessment autofinantare s.f. self-financing, internal financing autoimpunere s.f. self-taxation automacara s.f. crane tmck, truck crane automat adj. automatic s.n. automatic machine; (pentru vdnzarea de bilete, tigdri, ziare etc.) slot/vending machine automatizare s.f. automation automobil s.n. (motor) car; (SUA) automobile ~ de proba - test car autoritate s.f. authority ~ civila - civil authority ~ delegata - vicarious authority ~ executiva - executive authority ~ fiscala - revenue authority ~ ierarhica - line authority ~ maritima - maritime authority autoritati portuare - harbour/port authorities ~ vamale - customs authorities autoriza v.t. to authorize; (a permite) to allow, to permit; {a imputernici) to empower, to warrant; (a either a o licentd/autorizatie) to licence; (publicarea in presd) to release autorizare s.f. authorization ~ de retragere - {de sume din cont) drawing authorization autorizatie s.f. authorization, permit; licence ~ de brevet - patent licence ~ de export - export licence

~ de import - import licence ~ de reimport cu scutire de taxe vamale — (a mdrfurilor care au fost exportate din Marea Britanie cu mai putin de cinci ani inainte de data reimportului) bill of store ~ de retragere - (de sume din cont) drawing authorization ~ de vanzare - selling licence ~ scrisa - authorization in writing ~ vamala pentru provizii de bord -(mar.) victualling bill autoservire s.f. 1. self-service 2. (magazin) self-service store autostrada s.f. motorway, expressway autotransport s.n. truck haul(ing) autotren s.n. truck/motor lorry and trailer, trailer truck autoturism s.n. touring car, (motor) car, tourer autoutilitara s.f. utility car/vehicle autovehicul s.n. motor vehicle, power--driven vehicle aval s.n. (garantie speciald de platd a unei cambii) bill guarantee, surety for a bill of exchange avalist s.m. (eel care garanteazd plata unei cambii prin aval) referee in case of need, guarantor avaliza v.t. (a gira o cambje) to guarantee, to warrant avanport s.n. outer harbour/port, outside port avans s.n. advance (money), earnest (money), handsel; (acordat unei mtreprinderi care produce pentru stat sou pentru derularea unor servicii publice) imprest ~ de contributie la avaria comuna -(asig. mar.) general average deposit

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46 AVA-AVA '- de tmprumut maritim - advance on bottomry ~ din navlu - (mar.) freight advance ~ in contui marfurilor - advance against goods ~ in contui platii - account of payment ~ in numerar - cash advance avansa v.t. 1. (pe cinevd) to promote 2. (bani) to advance; to pay in advance, to make an advance payment v.i. (in junctie) to advance, to be promoted avantaj s.n. 1. advantage 2. pi. (acordate angajatilor in afara salariului) amenities ~ absolut - (detinut de o tara sail o regiune in raport cu altele datorita resurselor naturale, fortei de mimed etc., fapt care determina scdderea costurilor de productie) absolute advantage ~ comparativ — (principiu care considerd cd o tara sail o regiune ar trebui sd se specializeze in productia si exportui acelor bunuri pentru care eficienta este relativ crescutd, in comparatie cu alte bunuri si servicii) comparative advantage ~ competitiv - (ideea conform cdreia punctele forte si slabe ale unei societdti se pot determina mimai prin comparatie cu concurenta) competitive advantage avantaj e si dezavantaje - assets and drawbacks avantaj os adj. advantageous, favourable; profitable, beneficial avaria v.t. to damage avariat adj. damaged ~ de conditii atmosferice nefavorabile - (despre mdrfuri) weather-beaten

avarie s.f. 1. damage; (asig. mar.) average 2. (defectiune) breakdown, failure ~ (a marfii) prin contaminare - damage by contamination ~ accidentals - accidental damage ~ anticipata/probabila - anticipatory damage ~ ascunsa/neobservata - (asig. mar.} hidden damage ~ comuna - {asig. mar.') general/gross average ~ comuna in strainatate - (asig. mar.) foreign general average ~ comuna $i salvare - (asig. mar.) general average and salvage ~ de abordaj - (asig. mar.) collision damage ~ de e§uare - (asig. mar.) damage through grounding/stranding ~ de manipulare - damage by handling ~ evaluabila - assessable damage

evaluata cu subiectivitate -sentimental damage ~ grava - heavy damage ~ inerenta - (datorita naturii marfurilor sail viciilor proprii acestora) natural damage ~ in sarcina - damage chargeable to ~ la descarcare - discharging damage ~ particulars - (asig. mar.) particular average ~ produsa - damage done/incurred ~ produsa de apa marii - wash damage ~ produsa de deplasarea incarcaturii - shifting damage ~ produsa de frecare - chafing damage ~ produsa de sudatie - sweat damage

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AVA-AV1 47 produsa de valuri - wave damage,

damage through stress of waves ~ usoara - slight damage ~ vizibila - (asig. mar.) apparent damage avarii acceptate si evaluate - (asig. mar.) agreed and liquidated damages avants.n. (economic) boom avea v.t. to have; (a posedd) to possess ~ avantajul intr-o tranzactie/afacere - to get the best of the bargain ~ cautare - to be in request/demand, to go off/through ~ cent debitor - to be in the red ~ cont deschis la banca - to bank at/with ~ drept de optiune - to have the first refusal ~ legatura cu - to have a connection/ relation to avere s.f. fortune, wealth ~ imobiliara - immovable property, immovables, chattels real, reality ~ mobiliara - movable property, movables, chattels (personal), personalty ~ mobiliara si imobiliara - movable and immovable property ~ sub tutela - trust fund a face ~ - to make fortune avers s.n. (al unei monede) obverse aversiune s.f. aversion ~ fata de rise - (a investitorilor) risk aversion ~ fata de riscul absolut - (sumd de bani la care tin investitor poate renunta ca alternativd la o investitie cu rise ridicaf) absolute risk aversion aviatie s.f. aviation ~ civila - civil aviation avicultor s.m. poultry farmer/breeder

avicultura s.f. poultry farming avion s.n. (air)plane, aircraft ~ charter - charter plane ~ de linie/curse regulate - airliner ~ de pasageri - passenger aircraft; (de mari dimensiuni) airbus ~ de transport - commercial/transport aircraft, air carrier aviz s.n. 1. note, notice, advice: notification 2. (sfat) advice; (pdrere) opinion ~ competent - expert advice/opinion ~ de angajament - (de spatiu pe nava) (mar.) (freight) booking note ~ de angajament in conditii de linie - (mar.) berth note ~ de atribuire a actiunilor - letter of allotment, allotment letter ~ de concediere - notice of dismissal ~ de confirmare - (expediat titularului unui cont sail al unui depozit de titluri. acesta returndndu-l semnat bdncii sale pentru a confirma exactitatea unui extras) reconciliation statement; confirmation slip ~ de convocare - (a actionarilor} notice of meeting ~ de credit — (care indicd faptui cd in creditui unui cont a fost fdcutd o inregistrare) credit advice ~ de debit - (care indicd faptui cd in debitiil unui cont a fost fdcutd o inregistrare) debit advice ~ de dispensa - (notd a unuia dintre titularii unui cont comun prin care renunta la dreptui de a primi extras de cont separaf) notice of dispensation ~ de expediere/expeditie - advice of dispatch, forwarding agent's notice; (mar.) advice of shipment, shipping advice

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48 AVI-AZI ~ de expeditie pe mare - sailing advice ~ de incasare - collection advice ~ de incarcare si expeditie - (mar.) shipping note ~ de incetare a platilor - notice to suspend payments ~ de livrare - delivery advice ~ de nava ,,gata de operare" acceptat - (mar.) accepted notice of readiness ~ de neonorare - (a unei cambii) notice of dishonour ~ de plata - demand note ~ de primire - notice of receipt ~ de retragere de fbnduri - withdrawal notice ~ de sosire a marfii pe calea ferata - railway advice aviza v.t. to advise; to give smb. notice; (a instiinta) to inform, to notify; (a avertizd) to warn avizare s.f. advice; notice, notification ~ a interesului asigurat - (asig.) notice of interest declared ~ a tncasarii - advice of collection ~ a plecarii - (navei) (mar.) sailing notice ~ a scadentei - notice to pay ~ a sosirii - (navei, a mdrfurilor) arrival notice ~ de nava ,,gata de operare" - (mar.) notice of readiness ~ de nava ,,la rand" - (mar.) stem note avizier s.n. notice/poster board, billboard avocat s.m. lawyer, advocate, attorney (-at-law); (in instantele superioare)

barrister; (in instantele inferioare) solicitor; (care pregdteste actele in vederea unui transfer de proprietate) conveyancer ~ cu drept de acces la o anumita instanta - attorney special ~ cu drept de acces la toate instantele - attomey-at-large a consulta un ~ - to take legal advice avocatura s.f. legal/lawyer's profession, bar avut adj. rich, wealthy, well-off, able in estate; (despre close) propertied, proprietary s. n. wealth; property ~ public - public wealth/property avutie s.f. wealth ~ nationala - national wealth axa s.f. axis ~ temporala - (instrument de analizd monetard prin care se abordeazd evenimentele dintr-o anumita conjuncture financiara) time line axioma s.f. assumption ~ a preferintelor revelate - (funda-mentui unei teorii a cererii care se bazeazd numai pe fenomene obser-vabile si mdsurabile) revealed preferences assumption axiomele preferintelor consuma-torului - (in teoria subiectivd a consumatorului individual, ipoteze ale analizei comportamentului consu-matorului si ale testdrii caracterului rational al acestui comportament) consumer's preferences assumptions azil s.n. asylum; (pentru bdtrdni, sdraci) almshouse

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B bac§i§ s.n. tip, gratuity, baksheesh, douceur a da cuiva un ~ - to give smb. a gratuity, to give smb. smth. for himself, to tip smb. bagaj s.n. luggage; baggage bal s.n. (balot de marfa) bale, (load) pack ~ cu invelis - wrapped bale ~ de bumbac - cotton bale balansa v.t. (un cont) to balance, to even up balanta s.f. 1. (cdntar) balance, (pair of) scales, weighing machine 2. (cont., fin.) balance ~ a concesiilor - balance of concessions ~ comerciala - balance of trade, trade balance ~ comerciala activa/excedentara - active/favourable balance of trade ~ comerciala pasiva/deficitara - passive/adverse/unfavourable balance of trade ~ de lichiditati - (situatie comparativd a incasdrilor bdnesti si a platilor exigibile la un moment daf) balance of liquidity ~ de plati - balance of payments ~ de plati activa/excedentara - active/favourable balance of payments ~ de plati pasiva/deficitara - passive/adverse/unfavourable balance of trade ~ de verificare - (cont.) trial balance ~ financiara - financial balance

~ globala — (suma tuturor tranzactiilor autonome sau oficiale finantate cu sau fdrd folosirea rezervelor) overall balance ~ invizibila - (a serviciilor) invisible balance ~ materiala/economica - (tablou statistico-economic prin care se eva- lueazd resursele necesare producerii de bunuri) material/economic balance ~ patrimoniala - (situatia financiara. a unei firme la un anumit moment) patrimonial/assets balance ~ romana - steelyard, Roman balance ~ vizibila — (a exporturilor §i a importurilor vizibile/de mdrfuri) visible balance ~ zecimala - decimal weighing machine balast s.n. ballast; (c.f.) metal ballast; gravel sand bed; (mar.) (shingle) ballast, lastage ~ la plecare - (mar.) departure ballast balasta v.t. to ballast baleniera s.f. whaleboat balot s.n. bale, ballot, pack, package ~ de bumbac - cotton bale ~ de marfa - bale, ballot, load pack balotaj s.n. tie vote, ballotage ban s.m. 1. (monedd) coin 2. pi. money bani activi - (aflati efectiv in circulatie) active money ~ de buzunar/cheltuiala - pocket/pin/ spend money ~ de con§tiinta - (sumd trimisd anonim de cineva pentru plata unor

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50 BAN-BAN impozite de la care initial s-a eschivat) conscience money ~ de cosnita - housekeeping money ~ de hartie - paper money ~ de plastic - {mijioc de platd prin cartea de credit) plastic money ~ efectivi - real money ~ expediati - remittance ~ faisi - false/counterfeit/phoney money ~ fierbinti - (capital atras din strdindtate de dobdnzi ridicate sail de un climat politic sigur) hot money ~ flotanti - (delimit! de bancheri §i care nu pot fi investiti din cauza lipsei oportunitdtilor de afaceri §i a situatiei generate de o lichiditate excesivd decdt in depozite la banca centrala) floating money ~ imprumutati pentru o zi - (credit zilnic acordat de band caselor de compensate) day-to-day money ~ in casa - (numerar intrat in casierie) cash-in, cash-in-hand ~ lichizi - cash, ready money ~ marunti - change, small change/coin/money, loose cash/change/ money ~ metalici — hard money ~ murdari - (proveniti din afaceri ilegale) dirty cash, black money ~ neinvestiti - dead/idle money ~ plasati de investitori cu experienta - smart money ~ potriviti - change ~ provizorii — (cambii si bonnri de tezaur) temporary money ~ publici - public funds ~ reprezentativi - (hdrtie-monedd cu acoperire totald in metale pretioase) representative money

~ riscati - (intr-o afacere) stake ~ scripturali/de cont - checkable money ~ scumpi - (acordati cu dobdnzi foarte mart) tight money, money squeeze a da ~ cu dobanda - to lend (out) money at/on interest a strange ~ - to hoard up money a-si valorifica - to get value for one's money bancar adj. banking, bank... banca s.f. bank ~ - agent - (desemnata de un con- sortiu bancar so. administreze un im- priimnt sindicalizaf) agent bank ~ agricola - agricultural bank; land bank ~ beneficiara - (a unui transfer de fonduri) receiving bank ~ centrala/nationala - central/national bank, bankers'/parent bank ~ comerciala - bank of commerce, commercial/trade/trading/merchant bank ~ - corespondent - (relatia perma- nentd a unei band pe altd piatd finan- ciard unde ea nu dispune de o repre- zentantd proprie) correspondent bank ~ de cliring - clearing bank ~ de concentrare - (a fondurilor din alte band) concentration bank ~ de consortiu - consortium bank ~ de credit - credit bank ~ de date - data bank ~ de depuneri - bank of deposit, deposit bank ~ de economii - savings bank; (in Marea Britanie, band care acceptd depuneri mid) penny bank ~ de economii si societate de constructii - (institutu financiare,

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BAN-BAR similare bdncilor, care acordd credits pentru populatie In vederea construirii si a cumpdrdrii de case) building society/and loan association ~ de emisiune - bank of issue, note issuing bank ~ de investitii - investment bank ~ de scont - discount bank ~ de stat - state bank ~ de virament - transfer bank ~ ipotecara - mortgage bank ~ membra - (a Casei de Compensate din Londra sail, in SUA, a Sistemului Rezervelor Federate) member bank ~ mutuala de economii - (SUA) mutual savings bank ~ negociatoare - (bancd ce crediteaza exportatorul cu volumul creditului documentor dupd verificarea doctimentelor) negotiating bank ~ nemembra - (a Sistemului Rezervelor Federate) (SUA) nonmember bank ~ ordonatoare - instructing bank ~ regionala - district/local bank ~ secundara - (societate de credit care finanteazd achizitionarea de bunuri cu plata in rate) secondary bank ~ sigura/de incredere - reliable bank ~ specializata in girarea succe-siunilor - trust bank ~ universala — (care efectueazd toatd gama de operatii si servicii) all--purpose/full-service bank banci mari - (care acordd impru-muturi comerciale si industriale) whole banks ~ pentru activitati cu amanuntui -(care acordd credite persoanelor fizice sifirmelor mid) retail banks bancher .s-.w. banker; financier

bancnota s.f. bank note, note; paper currency; (SUA) bill; soft money ~ falsa - forged/counterfeit bank note bancnote marcate - (pentru orga-nizarea unui flagrant) marked notes bancomat s.n. automatic teller machine, cash dispenser; (SUA) cashomat bancruta s.f. bankruptcy ~ frauduloasa - fraudulent/embezzled bankruptcy banderola s.f. (care atestd plata taxei de timbru) revenue stamp banita s.f. (unitate de capacitate) bushel bara v.t. (un cec) to cross barare s.f. (a unui cec) crossing ~ generala - general crossing ~ speciala — special crossing baraterie s.f. (acte sdvarsite de coman-dant sau echipaj, care dduneazd navei sail caricului acesteia) (asig. mar.) barratry bariera s.f. barrier; (c.f.) railway gate, railway-crossing barrier; (unde se incaseazd taxele de trecere pe sosele, poduri etc.) toll bar/gate; (la intrarea pe aiitostrdzile cu taxd) turnpike bariere comerciale - barriers to trade ~ de iesire — (a unei firme de pe o piatd, dacd se are in vedere necesitatea recuperdrii costurilor de intrare) barriers to exit, exit barriers ~ de intrare - (a unei firme pe o piatd) barriers to entry, entrance barriers ~ netarifare - nontariff barriers ~ vamale — custom/hostile tariffs baril s.m. (unitate de capacitate) barrel barja s.f. barge ~ - container - floating barge container

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52 BAR-BEN barometru s.n. barometer ~ al pietei - barometer of the market barter s.n. (co/n.) barter bate v.t. (moneda) to mint, to coin, to emboss, to strike, to stamp batere s.f. (de moneda) mintage, coinage bazar s.n. baza(a)r ~ de binefacere - baza(a)r ~ de solduri -jumble sale baza s.f. base; basis ~ a profitului - (folositd la calcularea impozitului) earnings basis ~ aeriana - air base ~ de active - asset base ~ de aprovizionare - supply base ~ de impunere - basis of assessment/ taxation, tax assessment/base ~ de productie - production basis ~ militara - military base ~ monetara - (termen utilizat pentru •a desemna depozitele la vedere, existente in medie mtr-o perioadd de timp, pentru a desemna cantitatea de nume- rar intrat in sistemul bancar; agregat monetar care include activele monetare lichide, precum rezervele bdncilor co- merciale, numerarul in circulate si in casieriile bdncilor comerciale, activele care pot fi utilizate instantaneu pentru efectuarea pidtilor) monetary base ~ navala - naval base ~ sportiva - sports base/grounds ~ tehnico-materiala - technical and material resources/supplies bazin^.n. basin ~ carbonifer - coal basin/field ~ de manevra - (mar.) manoeuvring basin ~ de marfuri in vrac - (mar.'\ bulk handling cargo dock

~ de radub - (mar.) dry dock ~ pentru petroliere - oil dock ~ portuar - dock (basin), harbour, harbour/port basin, harbo(u)rage ~ portuar comercial - commercial dock ~ portuar cu maree - (cu porti care mentin acelasi nivel al apei) wet dock ~ portuar de export - export dock ~ portuar deschis - (fdrd ecluzd sau poartd de maree) open basin/dock ~ portuar interior - inner dock bacan s.m. grocer; provision dealer/ merchant bacanie s.f. 1. (magazin) grocer's (shop), grocery 2. (meserie) grocery trade banesc adj. money..., pecuniary banos adj. paying, yielding money, moneymaking; remunerative, profitable, lucrative bel$ug s.n. plenty, abundance; (bogdtie) wealth, opulence din ~ - in abundance, plentifully beneficia v.i. (de pe urma) to derive advantage (from), to turn smth. to account; to profit (by), to derive profit (from), to benefit (by) beneficiar s.m. 1. beneficiary; (utilizatorul unui produs finit) (end-) -user 2. (al unei plati, al unui efect de comert) payee ~ al unei anuitati - (asig.) annuitant ~ al unui drept de retentie - lien holder ~ alternativ - (al unei cambii, al unui cec) alternative payee ~ de venituri - income beneficiary ~ eventual — (persoana sau persoanele desemnate sd incaseze prima de deces in cazul in care beneficiarul principal

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BER-BIL 53 moare inaintea asiguratului) {asig.) contingent beneficiary ~ fictiv - (al uneipldti) fictitious payee ~ impersonal/nespecificat - (formula pe un cec) impersonal payee ~ in indiviziune - {dr.) joint beneficiary beneficiu s.n. 1. (profit) profit, gain, benefit, proceeds, revenues, earnings, return 2. (dr.) benefit, privilege ~ aleatoriu - contingent profit ~ brut - gross profit ~ contabil — (plusvaloare obtinutd prin revalorizarea unor posturi de activ sail prin deprecierea unor posturi de pasiv) book profit ~ in natura - (pbtinut de un angajat in afara salariului) benefit in kind ~ public - public benefit ~ suplimentar/nedistribuit - surplus earnings beneflcii considerabile - considerable/ hefty profits ~ de exploatare - operating profits ~ de pensionare - retirement benefits ~ descrescande - diminishing profits ~ reduse - scanty profits ~ scontate - profit expectations ~ scontate fara rezerve - unconditional expected profits a participa la ~ - to share in the profits a realiza un beneficiu - to make a profit a se solda cu ~ - to come out of the red benzina s.f. petrol; • (SUA) gas(oline), gasolene ~ cu cifra octanica inalta/ridicata -high-octane petrol/gasoline ~ grea - heavy naphtha ~ usoara - light naphtha

beton s.n. concrete ~ armat - reinforced/steel concrete ~ de ciment - cement concrete

precomprimat - pre-stressed concrete ~ prefabricat - built-up concrete ~ torcretat - gunite, shot crete betona v.t. to (build with) concrete bianual adj. biannual, semiannual bilant s.n. 1. (contabil) balance sheet 2. (raport) report, statement ~ consolidat - {bilantui unui grup, intocmit prin unificarea bilanturilor tuturor filialelor componente) consolidated balance sheet ~ de ansamblu - general balance sheet ~ de lichidare - (al unei societdti in lichidare sau al unui debitor falit) statement of affairs ~ intermediar - (bilant intocmit la o data care nil corespunde cu finalul exercitiului financiar al societdtii) interim statement ~ pasiv/deficitar - passive balance ~ social - (raport care prezintd cheitu-ielile unei intreprinderi si prestatiile sale in functie de mediul social) social report a face bilantui - to draw up/to strike the balance of; {cu sens figuraf) to survey, to review, to sum up bilateral adj. bilateral bilateralism s.n. (corn.) bilateralism bilet s.n. {la teatru) (admission) ticket, theatre ticket; (pentru un mijioc de transport in comun) fare; {c.f.) (railway) ticket; {de loterie) (lottery) ticket ~ cu pret redus - {c.f.) cheap ticket ~ cu pret redus 50% - {c.f.) half-fare ticket

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54 B1L-BOG ~ de banca - bank note, paper money ~ de banca falsificat - dud note ~ de credit - (notificare prin care clientnl este instiintat de cdtre un fur- nizor cd acesta i-a creditat contui, spe- cificdndu-se si suma respectivd) credit memorandum/note ~ de excursie/in circuit - tourist ticket ~ de peron - platform ticket ~ de week-end — (valabil numai in aceastd perioada) (c.f.) weekend ticket ~ direct - (c.f.) through ticket ~ dus-intors - return ticket ~ in circuit - circular/round-trip ticket ~ intreg - full-fare ticket ~ la ordin - promissory note, note of hand ~ la ordin de garantie colaterala - {prin care se ipotecheazd o anumitd garantie in contui unui imprumut) collateral note ~ la ordin platibil la cerere - demand note ~ la ordin simplu/cu un singur nume - {eel al personnel care se vnprumutd) one-name paper ~ simplu/de dus - (c.f.) single ticket ~ valabil/de corespondenta - {c.f.} transfer ticket bilunar adj. bimonthly, semimonthly, fortnightly bimetalism s.n. (fin.) bimetallism, double standard biodegradabil adj. biodegradable bioeconomie s.f. bioeconomics biotehnologie s.f. biotechnology birocrat s.m. bureaucrat, red tapist birocratic adj. bureaucratic biroeratie s.f. bureaucracy, red ta p e/tapc ry/tap i s m birfctica A'/.' office automation

birou s.n. office; (departament) bureau ~ de informatii - inquiry office, information bureau/office ~ de ipoteci - mortgage registry ~ de mesagerie - receiving house/ office, parcel office

de plasare - employment/ unemployment exchange ~ de plati - pay/paying office ~ de schimb valutar - exchange office ~ de §antier - site/job office ~ de verificare a solvabilitatii - (unui client sau a uneifirme) credit bureau ~ de voiaj - travel bureau ~ vamal - customs office blancheta s.f. (blank) form a completa o ~ - to fill up a form bloc s.n. 1. block 2. (casa) apartment house, block (of flats) 3. (economic, politic} bloc; coalition ~ de agregat - unit ~ de locuinte - residential building bloca v./. to block; (conturi, credite) to block, to freeze; (un capital intr-o investitie nerentabild etc.) to lock away/up blocada s.f. blockade ~ economica - economic blockade ~ militara - military blockade bloca j s.n. block ~ Hnanciar - illiquidity blocare .s'./ block, freeze ~ a contului - account's obstruction •" a creditelor - credit squeeze blocat adj. (despre conturi, credite) blocked, frozen boala s.f. illness; (de dwatu) disease

profesionala - industrial/ occupational/trade disease bogat adj. \. nch; (cu hani) moneyed; (avtit) wcaithv, well-off/'-to-do: able iii

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BOG-BRA 55 estate; (despre close) proprietary 2. (abundenf) abundant, plentiful, heavy s.m. rich man; pi. (bogatii) the rich (people), the wealthy/moneyed classes, the well-to-do, the upper crust a deveni ~ - to become rich, to make money bogatie s.f. 1. riches; {avere) wealth. means 2. (abundenta) abundance. profusion ~ nationals - national wealth bogatii naturale - natural wealth boicots.n. boycott boicota v.t. to boycott; (a ordona tuturor membrilor umii sindicat sd boicoteze produscle iinei mtreprinderi ai caret muncitori suiit in grevd) to black boicotare s.f. boycotting bol$evism s.n. bolshevism bon s.n. bill, order, voucher, ticket; (tie cartela) coupon; (atasat unui titlii de valoare la purtdtor) coupon; (chitantd) receipt ~ de casa - cash voucher ~ de ie§ire - (din magazie) issue voucher ~ de livrare - delivery order, bill of delivery, freight release ~ de masa - (oferit salariatilor de firma imde lucreaza) luncheon voucher ~ de tezaur - (titlu de stat, instrument financiar emis de autoritatea fiscald pentru fmantarea temporard a deficitului bugetar) Treasury bill ~valoric- scrip bonifica v.t. to make up/good bonificatie s.j'. [corn.) allowance. reduction; rebate, discount, bonus ~ comerciala - trade discount ~ la cantitate - vuiuinc discount

~ la pretui convenit - reduction on the agreed price ~ pentru plata in numerar - cash discount ~ suplimentara/speciala - extra allowance/discount bonitate s.f. creditworthiness, financial reliability bonus s.n. bonus bord s.n. (ai navei) board ~ la bord - (mod de acoslare) (mar.} alongside, side by side, chine to chine ~ liber — (intre linia de incdrcure si linia puntii) (mar.) freeboard ~ liber pentru caric de cherestea -(mar.) timber freeboard borderou s.n. bordereau, (detailed) memorandum, memorandum of contents, docket, list, note; (corn.) schedule; (la receptia marfurilor) tally sheet; (de cumpdrare sail vdnzare de acfiuni) contract note ~ al agentului de incarcare - (mar.) broker's return ~ al brokerului - (bur.) broker's contract note - de cecuri - check list ~ de cheltuieli - note of expenses ~ de decontari - settlement check ~ de expeditie - waybill ~ de plata a salariilor - wages docket ~- de preturi - (corn.) schedule of prices ~ de schimb valutar - exchange contract ~ de vanzare - sale note/sheet bovine s.f. pi. bovmes, (horned) cattle bransa s.f. branch, line; (doineniu} domain, sphere, area (of activity1 '- de ataceri - ime of business

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56 BRA-BUG brat s.n. (unitate de mdsurd pentru lungime) (mar.) fathom breasia s.f. guild, corporation; craft brevet s.n. patent, certificate, licence ~ de capitan de cursa lunga - master's certificate/licence ~ de inventie - (letters) patent ~ de pilot - pilot's licence ~ neutilizat - (brevet al unui produs care nu este introdus in circuitui comercial) sleeping patent a cere un ~ - to apply for a patent a exploata un ~ - to work a patent a i se acorda un ~ - to be issued a patent a obtine un ~ - to take out a patent breveta v.t. (pe cinevd) to grant a patent/certificate to; (o inventie) to (protect by) patent brevetare s.f. patenting ~ preemptiva/de blocare - (breve- tarea unui produs sau a until proces tehnologic cu scopul de a-l face inaccesibil concurentei) preemptive patenting brevetat adj. patented, appointed by letters patent; (despre produse) proprietary brigadier s.m. (sef de brigadd) brigade/team leader; (membra al unei brigdzi) brigade member ~ silvic - forester, forest keeper/ranger broker s.m. broker ~ cu atributii complete - full-service broker ~ cu titlu neoficial - (care define actiuni inregistrate pe numele sdu, si nu pe eel al clientului, cu scopul de a usura tranzactia si ca garantie cd aceasta se va realiza in limitele finan- ciare prestabilite) street name

~ de asigurari - insurance broker; (membru al unei asociatii profesionale) incorporated broker ~ de navlosire - (mar.) freight broker ~ la bursa de marfuri - commodity broker ~ maritim - shipbroker ~ neoficial - curb/outside broker, kerb(-stone) broker, outsider ~ oficial/autorizat - sworn broker brokeraj s.n. brokerage, courtage ~ maritim - ship brokerage brosura s.f. booklet, prospectus, leaflet brut adj. 1. (neprelucrat) crude, raw; unmanufactured, unfinished 2. (despre profit) gross bucata s.f. piece, bit; (parte) part, portion; (fragment) fragment buget-y.n. budget ~ de austeritate - austerity budget ~ de capital - capital budget ~ de familie - family budget ~ de marketing - marketing budget ~ de numerar/trezorerie - (care prezintd fluxurile de numerar) cash budget/forecast ~ de productie - production budget ~ de publicitate - advertising budget ~ de stat - state/national budget ~ de venituri §i cheltuieli - incomes and expenditure budget ~ deficitar - adverse budget ~ echilibrat - balanced budget ~ flexibil - flexible budget ~ general consolidat - consolidated general budget ~ interimar - interim budget ~ local - local budget ~ preliminar - preliminary budget ~ promotional - (pentru publicitatea unui produs) promotional budget

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BUG-BUN 57 ~ variabil - variable budget a prezenta bugetui - to introduce the budget, to bring in the estimates a vota ~ - to pass the budget bugetar adj. budgetary billeting./!, bulletin ~ bursier/de bursa - (cu date despre cursurile zilnice, volumul tranzactiilor etc.) exchange bulletin/list, printed exchanges, list of quotations, market report ~ de comanda - (cow.) order form ~ de expeditie - dispatch note ~ de stiri - news bulletin ~ de vot - voting paper, ballot ~ meteorologic - weather forecast/ report ~ zilnic al miscarii navelor si a mar-furilor - customs bill of entry bumbac-y.n. cotton ~ brut - (neprelucrat) raw cotton ~ in bale/baloturi - cotton bale ~ - vata - cotton wool bun adj. good s.n. 1. (avere) property, fortune; estate 2. pi. (mobile) goods ~ abandonat - (in special nova) derelict ~ alienabil - alienable property ~ inalienabil - unalienable property ~ salvat - (mar.) salvage ~ transmisibil - transferable property bunuri ale echipajului scutite de navlu - (mar.) seaman's free cargo ~ aruncate in mare - (care plutesc) flo(a)tsam; (care s-au scufundat) jettison, jetsam; (scufundate fi balizate in vederea recuperdrii) lagan, ligan ~ complementare - (produse a cdror utilizare nu este posibild dacd nil se consumd impreund cu ele unul sau mai multe bunuri) complementary goods

~ corporale - (dr.) corporeal property ~ de capital - (active fixe, bunuri folosite in procesul de productie si care au durata de viatd de eel putin un an) capital goods ~ de consum - consumer/consumption goods ~ de consum cu circulatie rapida -fast-moving consumer goods ~ de folosinta imediata - consumer nondurables ~ de folosinta indelungata/durabile -consumer durables ~ de investitie/productie/instrumen-tale - (bunuri care participd la producerea altor bunuri economice) production goods ~ economice - economic goods ~ finale - final goods ~ fungibile - (bunurile la care orice spetd reproduce toate caracteristicile genului) fungible goods ~ imobile/imobiliare - (dr.) chattels real, real estate, immovable/fixed property; (proprietate funciard) landed property ~ incorporale - (dr.) intangible property ~ indivize - (dr.) indivisum estate ~ intermediare - (supuse unor transformdri, dar care se afid in diferite etape ale ciclidui de productie) intermediary goods ~ libere - (asa-numitele ,,daruri ale naturii", cele care nu ridicd probleme de disponibilitate sau proprietate preciim aerul, cdldura cosmicd etc.) free goods ~ marfare - commodity goods ~ materiale - (dr.) tangible property

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58 BUN-BUT ~ mobile/mobiliare - (dr.) chattels personal, personal property/effects, movables, goods and chattels ~ nefungibile - (bunurile la care spetele pdstreazd caracteristicile defi- mtorii ale genului, msa fiecare pre- zintd nnele trasafuri individualizante) nonfungible goods ~ prezente - (dr.} actual assets ~ primare - (obtinnte din mediul natural prin exploatarea resurselor natiirale) primary goods ~ private - private goods ~ publice - public goods ~ substituibile - substitute goods ~ vacante - (dr.) ownerless property ~ viitoare - (dr.) future estate bunastare s.f. well-being, welfare, prosperity ~ colectiva - collective welfare ~ economica - economic welfare ~ nationals - public welfare bursa s.f. 1. (^colara, universitard) scholarship (grant), bursary, bursarship 2. (piatd publicd organizatu) exchange ~ a muncii - labour exchange ~ calma — (cu interes scdzut pentm tranzactii) quiet market

~ de cereale - corn/grain exchange ~ de grau - (SUA) wheat pit ~ de marfuri - commodity/mercantile/ produce exchange ~ de metale - metal exchange ~ de optiuni - (specializatd m tranzac- tionarea de optiuni yi contracte finan- ciare futures) options exchange ~ de produse agricole - produce exchange ~ de valori - stock exchange/market ~ in cre^tere/urcare - bull market ~ in scadere - bear market ~ maritima - shipping exchange ~ neoficiala - kerb(-stone) market, street market ~ oficiala - organized exchange ~ valutara - foreign currency exchange a specula la-stock exchange bu$el s.m. (imitate bushel butic .s'./;, boutique hutoi s.n. cask: (mic) barrel, kilderkin, keg; (mare} butt, hogshead, tun; (hac) vat; (inetalic) drum

to speculate on the de

capacitate}

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C cabina s.f. box, cabin; (de vapor) cabin, berth, stateroom; (de vagon de dormit) berth ~ telefonica - call box, telephone booth cabotaj s.n. (mar.) cabotage, coast navigation, coastal shipping/trade/ traffic/transportation, coasting/home trade, coastwise shipping/trade, inshore trade,short haul ~ extern - foreign trade ~ intern - inland trade ~ national — (intre porturile aceluiasi stat, aflate in man diferite) great coasting trade, home trade cabotier s.n. (mar.) coaster, coastwise ship/vessel, short-haul vessel, coast trade ship/vessel, coastal/coasting ship/vessel cadastra v.t. to make the cadastre of; to survey and value cadastral adj. cadastral

cadastre, cadastral registry, real estate re nster) cadou s.n. present, gift ~ publicitar - advertising

gift cadre s.n. pi. staff, personnel ~ de conducere - managing staff caiet s.n. (writing) book ~ de mostre - pattern book ~ de sarcini - specification conditions, articles and conditions; (note de livrare) terms of supply; (conditii tehnice/de exp lou fare) technical conditions, job specifications cal s.m. horse

~ -putere - horse power calamitate s.f. calamity, disaster ~ naturala - natural calamity; (lermeii contractual de navlosire si cono- sament) (mar.} act of God calcul s.n. calculation, computation, reckoning; calculus ~ actuarial - actuarial calculation ~ al pretului de cost - costing ~ al pretului de cost al procesului de fabricatie - process costing ~ al pretului de cost pe loturi - batch costing ~ al pretului de cost pe unitate de produs - unit costing ~ aproximativ - rough estimate ~ economic rational - rational economics calculation ~ pe cap de locuitor - capitation ~ si plata la casa - (intr-un magazin i checkout ~ uniform al pretului de cost uniform costing calcula v.t. to calculate, to compute, to cadastru s.n.

.survey; land reckon ~ gresit - to miscalculate - media - to average calculare s.f. calculation, computauon reckoning ~ a bugetului pe baza zero (inei0i.h, de alcatuire a bu^eiului, cure pi^nc . de la premisa iinui buvet inexisteiit .;.; annl precedent) zero-based hudgctiMy- ~ a impozitului - tax assessment ~ a tarei - taring ~ a tonajuiui - tonnage/vuinri.. calciiiatitin

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CAM-CAM 61 ~ externa - (platibild in strdindtate) foreign bill; (SUA) external bill ~ Herbinte - (cu scadenta apropiata) hot bill ~ interna - (platibild in tara unde a fost emisd) domestic/inland/home bill ~ in alb - blank bill ~ inlocuita - (cu alte cambii) retired bill ~ intr-un singur exemplar - sola (of exchange) ~ la cerere - demand bill ~ la termen - period/time bill ~ la termen conform uzantei - usance bill ~ la vedere - sight bill ~ onorata - discharged bill ~ pe baza de documente contra acceptare - documents-against- -acceptance bill ~ pe baza de documente contra plata - documents-against-payment bill ~ pe termen lung - long (-dated) bill ~ pe termen scurt - short (-dated) bill ~ retrasa — (inainte de scadenta) retired bill ~ trasa in devize - currency bill cambii de incasat - bills receivable/for collection ~ de platit - bills payable ~ in mai multe exemplare - bills in a set ~ pentru scontare - bills for discount al doilea exemplar al cambiei - second via/of exchange al treilea exemplar al ~ - third of exchange camera s.f. chamber; room ~ agricola - chamber of agriculture ~ de asteptare - waiting room ~ de comert - chamber of commerce

~ de comert $i industrie - chamber of commerce and industry ~ de navigatie - chamber of shipping ~ de valori/tezaur - (intr-o banca) (safety) vault, strongroom ~ frigorifica - cold/refrigerating chamber camere cu chirie/de inchiriat - lodgings camion s.n. lorry; (SUA) truck; (de mobila) van ~ basculant - tip/tipping lorry, dump truck ~ -cisterna de benzina - petrol bulk lorry ~ de mutari - removal van ~ frigorific - refrigerated truck ~ pentru transport de mobila - furniture van ~ pentru transportui animalelor vii - cattletruck ~ - platforma - platform lorry camionagiu^./n. carman, trucker ~ autorizat sa transporte marfuri din §i in antrepozite vamale - bonded carman camionaj s.n. carting, cartage (service), haulage camioneta s.f. pickup (truck), light lorry/truck; (pentru livrdri) delivery car/van campanie s.f, campaign ~ a la baisse - (bur.) bear campaign/ raid/tack ~ a la hausse — (bur.) bull campaign ~ de marketing - marketing campaign ~ de vanzari - sales campaign/drive, selling campaign ~ electorala - election/electoral campaign

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62 CAM-CAP ~ organizational;! — (campanie publi- citard menitd sd cultive imagined iinei companii in ansamblu) corporate campaign ~ publicitara - advertising campaign/ drive, publicity campaign canal s.n. 1. (natural) channel; (artificial) canal 2. (de sciirgere) drain; (din case) sewer; (rigold) gutter; (colector) sewer; 3. (de televiziune) channel ~ de distributee - (prin care produsul finit ajunge la consumatorul final) channel of distribution, distribution channel ~ de irigatie - irrigation canal ~ de navigatie - ship canal/channel. navigation channel, shipway ~ fluvial - river channel ~ maritim - seaway (canal), maritime canal, ship canal/channel cancelar^.w. chancellor candidat s.m. 1. (la un post) candidate. applicant (for a post) 2. (in alegeri) nominee, candidate 3. (la un examen) candidate a propune un ~ - to nominate a candidate candidature s.f. nomination canibalizare s.f. (situatie in care cresterea volumului de vdnzdri pentru o marcd provoacd scdderea cererii pentru o alta apartindnd aceleiasi linii de prodiise) cannibalization cantaragiu s.m. (check) weigher ~ oficial/autorizat - sworn weigher cantitate s.f. quantity, amount ~ de marfa - quantity of goods, amount of cargo ~ de marfa transportata - haul

~ de produs transportat prin conducta - pipe-line run ~ descarcata - landed quantity, outturn ~ disponibila - available quantity - economic comandata - (cantitate optima a stocurilor care trebuie comandata) economic ordering quantity ~ economic comandata pe lot -economic batch/lot quantity ~ incarcata - shipped quantity ~ inscrisa in documentele de trans-port - waybilled quantity ~ livrata/predata - delivered measure/ weight ~ nevagonabila - less-than-truck load ~ suficienta - fair quantity ~ totala - gross amount ~ vagonabila - waggon-load cantitativ adj. quantitative cap s.n. 1. head; (de locuitor) head 2. (§ef) head,chief - de linie - railway terminal, railhead; terminus capete de acuzare - (dr.) counts of the charge/indictment, specifications of charge ~ de vite - heads of cattle capac s.n. (limitd superioard impusd dobdnzii, mai ales in cazul ipotecii cu dobdndd variabila) (fin.) cap capacitate s.f. 1. (volum) capacity, volume 2. (aptitudine, facilitate) ability, capability, qualification, capacity; (competentd) competence 3. (dr.) capacity, legal competence/ capacity, ability ~ a magaziei - (mar.) hold capacity ~ a navei - capacity of a ship ~ a spatiului de sub punte - (mar.) underdeck capacity

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CAP-CAP 63 - bruta - gross capacity ~ contractuala - (dr.) capacity to contract ~ cubica — (in picioare cubice sail metri cnbi) (mar.) cargo/cubic capacity, ship's cubic capacity ~ cubica de depozitare - cubic storage capacity ~ de a produce castig/venit - earning capacity ~ de congelare - freezing capacity ~ de depozitare - storage capacity ~ de deservire a docului - dock capacity ~ de finantare - financing capacity ~ de incarcare - (a navei) weight- -carrying capacity, cargo capacity, burden, lastage, loading/supporting capacity ~ de incarcare pe punte - (mar.) deck load capacity ~ de incarcare pentru cereale - grain capacity/cubic space ~ de incarcare pentru cherestea - lumber load capacity ~ de incarcare pentru minereu - ore cargo capacity ~ de indatorare - (valoarea maxima a datoriei in structura capitalului) (fin.) debt capacity ~ de munca - working capacity. capacity for work ~ de operare a portului - port capacity ~ de plata - ability to pay, payment capacity, solvency ~ de productie - productive/ production capacity, operating efficiency ~ de refrigerare - (a instalatiei) refrigerating capacity

~ de schimb - (posibilitatea de a plati prin cambii fi, in consecintd, de a fi snpus dreptnini cambial) capacity to contract by bills ~ de stivuire - stowage capacity ~ de tancare - tankage capacity ~ de trafic - traffic capacity ~ de transport - carrying capacity '- de transport a marfurilor de volum - volume capacity ~ deadweight/totala de incarcare -(mar.) deadweight capacity/all told/ carrying capacity/tonnage, effective deadweight ~ excedentara - excess capacity; (de productie) surplus capacity ~ excesiva — (de productie. fata de cerere) overcapacity ~ in baluri - (a navei) bale capacity/cubic ~ in containere - (a portcontaineruliii} container capacity ~ in pasageri - (a navei) passengers in berth ~ in vrac - capacity in bulk ~ jurisdictionala - (dr.) capacity to sue ~ legala - (dr.) legal competence/ capacity, ability ~ navlosita - (mar.) freight tonnage ~ neta/utila de incarcare/de incarcare de marfa - (mar.) deadweight cargo capacity, cargo capacity/ deadweight, carrying / net/ payload capacity, paying / useful deadweight ~ neutilizata - idle capacity - nominala - nominal capacity ~ succesorala - (dr.) ability to inherit ~ testamentara - (dr.) testamentary capacity, ability to make a will

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64 CAP-CAP ~ volumetrica - measurement capacity, cubic capacity/content capa s.f. {mar.) primage ~ si avarie conform uzantelor - (clauzd de conosament) primage and average accustomed cap can a s.f. trap capcana lichiditatilor - (situatie apdrutd atunci cdnd dobdnzile pentru obligatiuni sunt atdt de scdzute, meat posibilii investitori opteazd pentru detinerea de numerar) liquidity trap ~ saraciei - (situatie in care se afid o persoand cu venituri mid, al cdrei ajutor social e diminuat in functie de cdstigul obtinut din munca supli- mentard si care nu are stimulente pentru a muncf) poverty trap ~ somajului - (lipsa de motivatie a somerului de a cduta o slujbd atdta vreme cat primeste ajutorul de somaj) unemployment trap capital adj. capital, chief, principal, essential s.n. capital. ~ activ - (active pdstrate sub forma de bani sau sub oricare altd forma care poate fi rapid transformatd in numerar) active capital ~ adecvat - (capacitatea capitalului unei band de a face fata unei eventuale evolutii negative a activelor sale fdrd a deveni insolvabild) capital adequacy ~ angajat - (capitalul utilizat intr-o afacere, activul net) capital employed/ owned ~ autohton - domestic capital ~ autorizat - (drept acordat consi- liului de administrate al unei societdti anonime de a emite actiuni la nivelul autorizat al capitalului social) authorized capital

- autorizat, dar neemis - authorized but unissued capital ~ bancar - banking capital ~ blocat/imobilizat - lockaway, lockup; frozen assets ~ circulant/de rulment - (parte a capitalului real formatd din bunuri care partidpd la un singur dclu de productie, consumdndu-se complet in decursul acestuia si care trebuie inlocuite cu fiecare nou dclu) circulating/working capital ~ comercial - (valoarea combinatd a activelor fixe si curente ale unei firme) trading capital ~ de baza - principal ~ de dotare - (capitalul social pus la dispozitia unei sucursale de societatea- -mamd) endowment capital ~ de exploatare - operating capital ~ de investitie - investment capital ~ de rezerva - (al unei band) surplus reserve; capital of reserve ~ de rise - (investit in activitdti cu grad ridicat de rise) venture capital ~ declarat - stated capital ~ disponibil - present/spare capital ~ emis - issued share capital ~ emis sub forma de actiuni prefe-rentiale - preference capital ~ fictiv - (capital existent sub forma titlurilor de valoare) fictitious capital ~ fix - (parte a capitalului real formatd din bunuri durabile care partidpd la mai multe dcluri de productie si care se consumd treptat) fixed capital/ assets, permanent assets, physical capital ~ fix specific - (cu anumitd intre-buintare in procesul de productie) specific capital

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CAP-CAP 65 ~ global - total capital ~ inactiv/neproductiv - inactive/idle/ unproductive capital ~ indisponibil/nelichid - unavailable capital ~ industrial - industrial capital ~ initial - initial/opening/seed capital, principal ~ investit - invested capital ~ imprumutat - loan capital ~ in actiuni - share capital; (SUA) capital stock ~ in actiuni comune -junior capital ~ in actiuni neachitate - (platibile in rate de actionari) {bur.) uncalled capital ~ in actiuni neemise - unissued capital ~ in numerar - cash capital ~ liber - free capital ~ lichid - liquid capital ~ - marfa - commodity capital ~ neemis - unissued share capital ~ mort/neproductiv - dead/ unproductive capital ~ nevarsat - unpaid capital ~ nominal - (expresie a capitalului social al unei societdti comerciale evaluat prin valoarea nominald a titlurilor de proprietate emise) nominal capital ~ obisnuit - (emis sub forma de actiuni comune) ordinary capital ~ proaspat - (in special imprumuturi) fresh money ~ productiv - productive capital ~ propriu/al actionarilor - (detindtori de actiuni comune) equity, equity capital, company equity, equity of a company, shareholders '/stockholders' equity

~ propriu esential - (al unei societdti) core equity ~ real — (capitalul existent in economia reald, care rezultd dintr-un proces de productie anterior si serveste la producerea altor bunuri economice) real capital ~ refugiat - (atras din strdindtate de dobdnzi ridicate sau de un climat politic sigur) refugee capital ~ social - (volumiil total de capital emis de o societate comerciald sub forma de actiuni - in cazul societdtilor pe actiuni - sau de parti sociale - in cazul societdtilor de persoane -) registered/share capital; (SUA) capital stock ~ strain —foreign capital ~ subscris - (aportui in bani si in naturd pe care asociatii sau actionarii s-au angajat sd-l pund la dispozitia societdtii comerciale, in calitatea lor de proprietari) subscribed capital ~ si dobanda - principal and interest ~ transferal in strainatate - {din motive de instabilitate politico, si economica) funk money ~ uman - human capital ~ variabil - variable capital ~ varsat - paid-up/deposit capital capitala s.f. (pras) capital capitalism s. n. capitalism ~ contemporan - contemporary capitalism ~ corporatist - corporate capitalism ~ de stat - state capitalism ~ monopolist - monopolistic/ monopoly capitalism ~ salbatic - wild capitalism capitalist adj. capitalist(ic) s.m. capitalist

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66 CAP-CAR capitaliza v.t. (bur., fin.) to capitalize capitalizare s.f. (bur., fin.') capitalization - a rezervelor - (emisiune de actiuni gratuite pentru actionarii existent!) capitalization of reserves, scrip issue ~ bursiera — (valoarea de piatd a unei finne, data de cursul bursei pentru acthmile emise si aflate in posesia actionarilor) market capitalization capitatie s.f. capitation (tax), head/poll tax caracteristica s.f. characteristic (feature); salient feature ~ unica — (trasaturi specifice care diferentiazd un produs de concurentd si care pot fi transmise consiimatorului prin intermediul unui mesa/ publicitar simplu) (corn.) unique selling proposition caracteristici ale produsului - product features ~ tehnice si de exploatare ale navei - ship's specification carat s.n. carat carburant^./M. fuel card s.n. (plastic) card ~ bancar - bank card ~ cu cip - chip card ~ cu microprocesor - smart card ~ de numerar - (folosit la bancomate) cash card cargobot v. cargou cargocontainer s.n. freight container cargoplan s.n. (mar.) cargo/loading/ stowage plan ~ cu partizi de marfa - commodity type stowage plan ~ final - final stowage plan ~ preliminar - tentative cargo plan

cargou s.n. cargo boat/carrier/ship/ vessel, freight boat/camer/ship/vessel, freighter, general cargo carrier/ship/ vessel ~ - container - container carrier/ship/ vessel ~ de cabotaj - coastwise freighter ~ de linie - (cargo) liner ~ de marfuri usoare - light cargo ship/vessel ~ de mic tonaj - sea lorry ~ mixt - (pentru marfuri si pasageri) combination ship/vessel - oceanic - ocean cargo vessel ~ pentru marfuri paletizate - palletized cargo carrier ~ pentru marfuri standard - standard cargo ship/vessel ~ universal - general-purpose cargo vessel, all-cargo ship/vessel caric s.n. (mar.) cargo, charge, burden, load, freight, shipload, shipment, floating cargo ~ amestecat — (fdra mdrci si separatii) bulk pile, mixed cargo ~ aruncat in mare - (balizat in vederea reciiperdrii) lagan ~ complet - balance cargo, full cargo/ load, shipful ~ containerizabil - containerizable cargo ~ cu fardaj - dunnage cargo ~ cu miros specific - (care conta- mineazd alte marfuri sensibile) odorous cargo ~ cu penalizare - penalty cargo ~ de animale vii - live load ~ de cabotaj - coasting cargo } ~ de cereale - grain cargo ~ de cherestea - timber cargo; (SUA) lumber cargo

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CAR-CAR ~ de import - incoming cargo ~ de Tnapoiere/intoarcere - inbound cargo/freight, inward cargo/freight, home freight, homeward cargo/freight. return cargo/freight/load ~ de linie - berth cargo ~ de materiale lemnoase - wood cargo ~ de marfuri generale - general cargo ~ de petrol - oil/petrol/petroleum cargo, cargo oil ~ de plecare - departure loading, outbound freight, outward cargo/freight ~ de produse albe - clean cargo ~ de produse negre - black/dirty cargo ~ de punte - deck cargo/load, shipment on deck ~ de umplutura - filler cargo ~ de volum/cubaj - measurement cargo ~ deplasabil - shifting cargo, cargo liable to be broached ~ deteriorat - damaged cargo ~ incompatibil - {care nupoatefi limit Idngd alte marfuri) incompatible cargo ~ in baluri - bale cargo ~ in butoaie - barrel cargo, barrelled cargo/goods ~ in cala - bottom cargo ~ in lazi - case cargo ~ in pericol - distress cargo ~ in saci - bagged cargo ~ in stare buna - (la sosirea navei in portid de destinatie) cargo in good condition ~ in tranzit - transit freight ~ in vrac - cargo/shipment in bulk, bulk cargo/freight, cargo in bulk, loose bulk cargo ~ incarcat pe baza de conosament - cargo covered by bill

~ la optiune - {jam nominalizareu portului) optional cargo ~ lichid - liquid cargo - mixt - mixed cargo - nerujat - untrimmed cargo ~ nestivuit - unstowed cargo ~ paletizat - palletized cargo

pentru strainatate - freight outwards ~ periculos - dangerous cargo ~ plin si complet - (mugaziile pline ,v; nava afundatd pdiid la linia di mcdrcare regulamenturd) full ami complete cargo ~ rubrical - {in documente dc transport) captioned/subject cargo ~ stivuit - stowed cargo ~ strivit - (din caiiza arimdrii necores- punzdtoare) crushed cargo ~ uniform repartizat - (pe magaza) even load cargo ~ uscat - dry cargo ~ uscat in vrac - bulk dry cargo ~ usor — (cu indice de stivuire de pesii. 50 de picioare cubice} light cargo cariera s.f. 1. (de piatrd) quarry, (stone) pit 2. career a face ~ — to work one's way up, to have a good record a imbratisa o ~ - to take up a career carierism s.n. careerism carierist s.m. careerist, office/place hunter caritabil adj. charitable, eleemosynary carne s.f. (tdiatd sail preparata) meat ~ afumata - smoked/smoke-dried meat ~ alba - white meat ~ congelata - frozen meat ~ conservata - tinned/preserved/potted meat; (SUA) canned meat ~ cruda - raw meat

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68 CAR-CAR ~ proaspata - fresh/butcher's meat ~ ro§ie - red meat carnet s.n. 1. (pentru note) note book 2. (act) card; (permis) licence ~ de adrese - address book ~ de cecuri - cheque book; (SUA) checkbook ~ de depozit - deposit book ~ de economii - passbook, savings book ~ de marinar - sailor's pass, seaman's passport ~ de membru - membership card ~ de plata/retinere a impozitului - (pe salarin) tax deduction card ~ de sindicalist - union card ~ de sofer - driver's licence carte s.f. book ~ de credit - credit card ~ de debit - debit card ~ de mare succes - best seller ~ de munca - workman's pass ~ de registru - (cu date despre clasificarea navelor) register book ~ de telefon - telephone directory ~ de vizita - business card ~ de vizita cu specimen de semnatura - signature card ~ funciara - land/cadastral register; (SUA) land office ~ postala - postal card ~ tehnica - instruction book cartea mare - (cont.) ledger ~ mare impersonala/generala - (cont.) impersonal ledger ~ verde — (de asigurare auto internationala) green card carti mari auxiliare/analitice - (cent.) subsidiary ledgers cartel s.n. cartel; pool, ring; syndicate ~ al armatorilor - shipowner's pool

~ al armatorilor de nave de linie - liner conference ~ al speculantilor a la baisse - {bur.) bear pool ~ al speculantilor a la hausse - (bur.) bull pool ~ de companii de navigatie - traffic pool ~ de optiuni - option pool ~ de stabilire a navlurilor - (mar.) freight conference ~ maritim - shipping conference ~ pentru schimbul de licente asupra brevetelor de inventie - patent pool cartela v.t. to cartel, to cartelize, to trustify cartelare s.f. cartelization, trustification cartela s.f. (de alimente sail alte produse uzuale) ration card/book ~ de alimente - food card cartier s.n. district, section, ward; (specific, industrial etc.) quarter ~ de locuinte - residential district ~ de locuinte aflat in administrarea autoritatilor locale - council estate ~ de locuinte ieftine - tenement district ~ elegant - brownstone district ~ muncitoresc - workers' (residential) district/quarter cartofor.y.w. gambler carton s.n. (mucava) pasteboard; (mai subtire) cardboard ~ de ambalaj - packing cardboard ~ de esantioane - (colectie de materials textile) sample card cartona v.t. to bind in boards; to paste cartonaj s.n. 1. (cartonare) pasteboard work 2. (obiecte de carton) pasteboard goods/wares

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CAR-CAU 69 cartoteca s.f. 1. (fisier) card index 2. (incapere) filing cabinet casa v.t. (dr.) to annul, to quash, to reverse casa s.f. 1. house; (locuintd) dwelling, habitation 2. (de corner!) house 3. (casierie) cash office, pay desk/office; {in magazin) desk, cash register, till; (la banca) counter ~ cu apartamente sau camere de mchiriat - lodging house ~ cu dependinte - (dr.) messuage ~ de ajutor reciproc - mutual insurance/benefit fund ~ de amanet - pawnshop ~ de asigurari sociale - social insurance fund ~ de bagaje - baggage room, cloakroom ~ de bani - safe, strongbox; vault ~ de bilete - booking office; (la cinema, teatru) box office ~ de broken - commission house ~ de comert - business/commercial/ trading house ~ de compensatie - clearing house ~ de economii - provident/savings bank ~ de economii la oficiul postal - post- -office savings bank ~ de inregistrare - (corn.) cash register ~ de raport - tenement house ~ de schimb valutar - exchange office ~ de scont - discount house ~ mica - petty cash ~ neagra — (cu fonduri nedeclarate) slush fund caseta s.f. (pentru bijuterii) casket; (pentru bani) cashbox, money box; (pentru instrumente) case

easier s.m. cashier; (care plateste salariile militarilor, ale muncitorilor etc.) paymaster; (la banca) teller; (la casa-de bilete) booking clerk ~ automat - (bancomat) automatic teller machine casierie s.f. pay/paying office, cash department, cash/cashier's/money office, desk office casnic adj. (de casa) home...; home- -made; (menajer) household catalog s.n. 1. catalogue; (lista) list 2. (corn.) inventory, catalogue ~ comercial - trade catalogue ~ comercial cu adrese - trade directory ~ de oferte pentru comenzi prin posta - mail-order catalogue cataloga v.t. to catalogue, to put/to enter into a catalogue catalogator^.m. cataloguer, cataloguist categorie s.f, 1. category; (fel) kind, sort; (clasa) class, order, grade 2. (de salarizare, impozitare) bracket ~ a cambiilor - quality of bills of exchange ~ de salarizare - salary bracket ~ de unitati — (pentru bani, greutdti etc.) denomination ~ socioprofesionala - social and professional category/class categorii de impozite - tax schedules cauciuc s.n. 1. (India) rubber 2. (de autovehicul) tyre; (SUA) tire ~ natural - natural/plant rubber ~ sintetic - synthetic rubber cautiune s.f. 1. (garanfie, gaj) security, guarantee, warranty; collateral 2. (dr.) bail ~ legala - legal/compulsory guarantee

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70 CAU-CAP a depune ~ pentru cineva - to go bail for smb. cauza s.f. 1. cause; {motiv) reason, ground 2. (dr.) (legal) case, lawsuit, trial ~ proxima - (a cererii de onorare a iinei polite de asigurare) proximate cause a pune pe cineva in ~ - (dr.) to sue/to summon smb. a scoate pe cineva din ~ - (dr.) to rule smb. out of court ca'is.n. case; {intdmplare) event -• de forta majora - case of emergency; act of God ~ fortuit - fortuitous event ~ in speta - concrete case ~ neprevazut — unforeseen event, contingency caza v.t. to accommodate, to lodge cazare s.f. accommodation cazier s.n. (jzidiciar) criminal/identification record calator s.m. 1. traveller; (CM bilef) fare; (pe mare) voyager 2. (pasager) passenger; {twist) tourist ~ cu abonament - regular traveller calatori v.i. (fara a wdica destinatia) to travel (about), to be/to go on one's travels, to be/to go touring; (implicdnd o destinatie) to (make a) journey; (pe apd) to voyage '- cu trenul - to go/to travel by rail/train ~ in interes de afaceri - to travel on business ~ pe mare - to go/to travel by sea, to voyage calatorie s.f. (de obice'i mai lungd) travel; (cu destinatie precisu) journey; (scurta) tour, trip, excursion; (pe mare)

voyage; (rutd/cursd maritimd regulatd) trade ~ cu caric la bord - {mar.) loaded voyage/passage ~ de agrement - pleasure trip ~ de ducere - (a navei comerciale) outward/outgoing voyage, passage out ~ de inapoiere - (a navei comerciale) homeward/inward/return voyage, passage home ~ de predare — (la expirarea terme- nului de navlosire pe timp) (mar.) delivery voyage ~ dus-intors - round trip/voyage - in balast/neproductiva - (a petrolierelor fji a min era lierelor) ballast passage/voyage, light/unloaded passage ~ in circuit - circular tour ~ pentru probe de receptie - {mar.) acceptance trial trip camatar s.m. usurer, money lender; {care da imprumut pe amanet) pawnbroker, pawnee camataresc adj. usurious camatarie s.f. usury, extortionate practice(s) a face ~ - to practise usury capitan s.m. \. captain 2. {mar.) captain; skipper; (pe navele comerciale) shipmaster ~ de cursa lunga - foreign-trade master, sea captain, captain of long course ~ de doc - dock master - de port - harbour/port master, captain of the port -- fluvial - nver master ~ maritim - sea master capitanie .s'./,' {de port) harbour master's office

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CAR-CA§ 71 carau$ s.m. carter; (cargo) carrier, contract carrier ~ asociat — (la un cartel maritim} conference carrier ~ comun - (termen general pentrn companii de navigatie, proprietari de nave si comandanti) common caiTier ~ independent/necartelat - (mar.} nonconference carrier ~ maritim - sea carrier ~ ulterior - {mar.} on-can'ier carau^ies.f carriage, haulage, portage carbune s.m. (mineral) (mineral) coal; (mangaT) charcoal ~ brun - brown coal, lignite ~ - bulgari - lump/large coal ~ cosificabil - baking/metallurgical coal ~ cocsificat - caked coal ~ marunt - small/slack coal ~ - praf- coal powder, dross of coal casuta s.f. (posta!d) post-office box catlike s.f. pi. handcuffs ~ de aur - {avantaje financiare acerbate de o fa'md angajatilor important! pentru a evita ca acestia sd fie atrayi de conciirentd'} (man.) golden handcuffs cantar s.n balance., (pair of) scales: (pentru greutdti. man') weighing lever machine ~ decimal - centesimal balance ~ dc precizie — precision balance ~ roman - steelyard a pierde la ~ - to lose (in the) weight a trage la ~ - to weigh heavily cantari ,'./. to weigh to have a weight of ~ rnai greu/mult decat - to outweigh, to overbalance

ca$tig s.n. gain; (dintr-o afacere; retum(s); (prm muncd) eamings-(yeriii) income, revenue; (beneficiu. profit'} benefit, profit, proceeds; (.'(', icteric} prize; [la ciirsele de cai} stake - de capital - (profitii! obtimit da. vanzarea activelor de capital) capita' gains - de cauza - (dr.) recovery o^ judgement - disponibil - (dupa plata taxeior si (• impozitelor) disposable income " tiea$teptat'/neprevazur - windthL (profit) -- nedistribuit - (in uivulende) retainc. earnings - suplimentar - perquisite ca$tiguri disponibile pentru actiunu-comune - earnings available t'" commons - pe actiune - earnings per share - pe actiune complet diliiate (cdstigu! pe actiune recalciilal 'h' h,.f: ipotezei conversiei titiitrilor coin'-" tibile ,•>/' a exercitdrii tiitiiror drepni''!^': de conversie) full\ diluted earnings ;\' share - suplirncntare -- (acordate angajatilor pe langa salarul obisnuit)fringe benefits • supuse retinerilor pentru pensie pensionable emoluments castiga v.t. 1. to gain: to win: {prin munca} to earn; \a dobdndi} to acquire; (un premiu)• to carry off 2. {departea sa) to win over ~ net – to net ~ piata – to capture the market ~ procesul – to win one`s case ~ teren – to gain ground ~ un avantaj – to gain an advantage

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72 CEC-CER cec s.n. cheque; (SUA) check ~ acceptat/vizat - (de bancd) certified cheque ~ anulat - canceled cheque ~ bancar - bank cheque ~ barat - crossed cheque ~ care nu poate fl incasat la valoarea nominala - nonpar cheque ~ -corespondenta - correspondence cheque ~ cu limita de suma - limited cheque ~ cu suma falsificata - raised cheque ~ de calatorie - traveller's cheque ~ de retragere - (de numerar din cont) (SUA) counter check ~ deschis/nebarat - open/uncrossed cheque ~ expirat - stale cheque ~ fals - bogus cheque ~ fara acoperire - dud/bad cheque ~ m alb - blank cheque ~ la ordin - order cheque, cheque to order ~ la purtator - bearer cheque, cheque to bearer ~ marcat - (de bancd impotriva falsificdrii) marked cheque ~ necompensat - uncleared cheque ~ personal - (al unei persoane fizice) personal cheque ~ platit/onorat - paid cheque ~ refuzat - returned cheque ceda v.t. to give up, to yield (up); to surrender; to assign ~ si unul si altui - to split the difference cedents.m. (dr.) assignor, releasor celeritate s.f. (mar.) celerity ~ de livrare/predare - delivery speed ~ de operare a portului - port speed

~ uzuala - customary/usual/useful dispatch ~ uzuala continua - continuous customary dispatch centrala s.f. (directie) central/head office; (a unei case de comert, a unei firme etc.) principal office ~ atomo-electrica - nuclear power station ~ electrica - power station ~ hidroelectrica - hydroelectric power station ~ telefonica - telephone exchange ~ termica - steam-generating station centralism s.n. centralism ~ economic - state planning centralizare s.f. (procesul de concen-trare a autoritdtii si a deciziei la central organizatiei principale) (man.) centralization centru s.n. (comercial, financiar etc.) centre ~ al orasului - downtown ~ comercial - commercial/shopping centre, emporium ~ de afaceri - business centre ~ de cost - (unitate cdreia i se pot aloca niste costuri specifice) cost centre ~ de productie - producing centre ~ de profit — (unitate in interiorul unei organizatii care este responsabild de propriul sdu profit) (man.) profit centre ~ turistic - tourist centre cemor s.m. auditor cere s.n. circle; (grup de persoane cu interese economice comune sustinute pe cdi ilegale) ring ~ vicios al subdezvoltarii/saraciei -underdevelopment/poverty vicious circle

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CER-CER 73 ~ vicios inflationist - (relatia de interconditionare dintre cr entered pre-turilor bunurilor de consum si inde-xarea salariilor nominale care accen-tueazd inflatid) inflationary vicious circle cercetare s.f. 1. (dr.) (anchetd) judicial inquiry, official examination; (audiere) trial, hearing 2. (stiintificd) research 3. control, examination; inspection; analysis ~ a audientei - (in mass media) audience research ~ a comportamentului consuma- torilor - attitude research ~ a mijioacelor de reclama - media research ~ a preferintelor consumatorilor - consumer research ~ de marketing - marketing research ~ de piata - market research ~ -dezvoltare - research and development ~ motivationala - (pentru a descoperi factorii psihologici care determind comportamentui consumatorilor) motivational research ~ operationala - {man.) operational research ~ publicitara - advertising research ~ §tiintifica - scientific research ~ teoretica - pure/fundamental/desk research cercetator^.w. (stiintific) researcher cere v.t. 1. to ask (for), to demand, to request; (a revendicd) to claim; (a pre- tinde) to exact; (un pret) to charge; {plata unei datorii} to call in 2. (a necesita) to require, to call for, to necessitate v.r. (corn.) to be in request/demand

~ despagubiri - to claim damages, to make/to put in a claim for damages ~ un pret mai mare - to overcharge ~ un pret mai mic - to undercharge cereale s.f. pi. cereals, cereal plants, corn, grain ~ furajere - fodder grain ~ grele - (grdu, porumb, secard) heavy grain ~ in vrac - bulk grain ~ livrate in buna stare - delivered sound grain ~ usoare - (pvdz, orz, seminte de bumbac - cu greutatea hectolitricd sub 60 kg) light grain cerealier adj. cereal..., grain... s.n. cereal carrier, grain carrier/ship, grain- -carrying ship/vessel cerealist s.m. corn dealer cerere s.f. 1. request; demand; claim; exaction 2. (scrisa) petition, application, suit 3. (corn.) demand, run; (de plata a unei societati ai caret actionari sunt sohcitati sd plateasca sumele restante pentru actiunile detinute) call ~ a consumatorilor - consumer demand ~ agregata - (totalitatea cheltuielilor planificate pentru o perioadd deter-minatd, destinate achizitiondrii de bunuri produse in cadrul economic! nafionale) aggregate demand ~ alternativa / combinata / pentru bunuri substituibile - (cerere de produse ori factori de productie inter-sanjabili) alternate/composite demand, demand for substituible goods ~ atipica - (notiune care exprimd exceptiile de la legea cererii) non-typical demand

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74 CER-CER ~ complementara/pentru bunuri complementare - (cerere de doud produse care se folosesc impreuna) complementary/joint demand, demand tor complementary goods - concurentiala - (situatie in care dona sail mai multe produse concureazd pentru satisfacerea cererii pieici) competitive demand - constanta - steady demand ~- controlata - pent-up demand '- dc amanare - (a platii) petition for respite - d'c cotare/listare - (bur.) application ior quotation/listing

de credite - {in economic) credit demand de daune/despagubiri - damage cl;.n,n,

daim for damages de declarare in stare de faliment -(r./' i

bankruptcy petition, petition in DanKmptcy th; despagubire cu drepturi l>rionlare -

prior claim dc inSocinre - {u vruai^eic'' de ;:'>'(.'.,.

fi/.? indtlin^yita} replacenient .leniaMd -• cu; maija — (garantie qfenfd lie did'i, ;'i•ol'•el•llit.^i) {l>iu\) margin call'nouc,; - <lc moneda — (componenfa a pieiei ')'i."u'^('/f^, constund dlii cerereu tie nc{i\'e tHoneltire) demand tor money ~ (ir' iliuncii — (neccsand de munca s>;iu! 'md cc e.iiSUi ia un moment dat in • oi'sornia iilie, tan if' fundse dc isii'i'nil -^I'arinr''} demand for iabour - ve oh-ria - lenuer demand

w i't:sra^r;N-' a depunr'rilor ^11'!

~ de tonaj - (mar.) indent for space ~ de transport - (mar.) shipping request, cargo booking ~ de valuta - demand for currency ~ de vamuire in afara programului - overtime request ~ derivata - (cererea pentru un factor de productie rezullatd din modificarea cererii de pe piata produsului finit la care a contribuit factorul respective derived demand ~ directa - direct demand ~ educationala — {element al pietei ediicatiei care reflectd comportamenlul consumatorilor de servicii educa- tionale) demand for education ~ elastica - elastic demand ~ individuals - individual demand ~ intermitenta - intermittent demand ~ interna - domestic demand - previzibila — anticipated demand - reala - effective demand ~ reconventionala - (dr.) counterclaim ~ redusa - sluggish demand -~ sezoniera - seasonal demand - slaba - slack demand - speculative - speculative demand ~ spontana - spontaneous demand - sporita — increased demand ~- §i oferta - supply and demand cererea mai mare decat oferta - (bur.) buyers over cereri de serviciu - situations wanted cerinta s.f. (nevoie) want, need; [necesiiate) necessity; (exi^entd} ^cquircnient ..•'.TinU- ale iiilei activilati -- 10 '•.. :.l..^'i•^r!l[.;^ls

,..• .-.usiy. if.1 anes-

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CER-CER ~ american de depozit - (certificat emis de o bancd americand in contui unor titluri de valoare strains') American depository receipt ~ de accident/ghinion - (acordat de instanta unui falit, prin care se certified faptui cd falimentui nil a fost cauzat de proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un accident) certificate of misfortune ~ de actiuni - share/stock certificate ~ de analiza - (a unui produs) certificate of analysis ~ de asigurare - certificate of ' insurance,

insurance certificate ~ de avarie - (asig. mar.) certificate of damage, damage certificate; average certificate - de cabotaj - coasting certificate ~ de calitate - certificate of quality, quality/grade certificate ~ de cantarire - weight certificate ~ de clasa - (a navel) certificate of classification, classification/class certificate

cabotaj si de pesciat mat mart de 20 ii:

~ de control - inspection certificate ~ de control vamal - (mar.) jerque note ~ de depozit - (titlii emis pe termen scurt sau mediu de o bancd) certificate of deposit; (dovadd prin care banca recunoaste cd a acceptat si u inre-gistrat titluri sau valori in registrul de valori) deposit slip ~ de depozit pentru impunere -(folosit pentru plata impozitelor, certificatui oferind dobdndd) tax deposit certificate ~ de descarcare/debarcare ~ certificate of discharge, discharge/ landinu certificate

~ de dividende - dividend righi certificate ~ de economii - {certificat de titluri <:/<••• valoare) savings certificate ~ de existenta - (certificat eliberat i'i'i' un fond de pensii care atestd cc'i beneficiarul stipulat in certificat este in viatd) certificate of existence ~ de expertiza - (eliberat navei dupa inspectia de registrii) certificate os survey, survey certificate ~ de garantie - certificate 01 guarantee/warranty ~ de inventator - patent letter ~ de investitor - investment certificate ~ de inregistrare - (a actiuniloi nominate) certificate of inscription; (1'. unei societdti comerciale) certificate 01 incorporation; (pentru navele dc

tone-registrii) marine document; (SUA'' certificate of enrollment ~ de libera incarcare - (la petroliere •• free loading certificate ~ de lichidare in vama - clearance certificate, clearing bill ~ de nationalitate - (al navei; certificate of registration/registry ship's certificate of registry ~ de navigabilitate - (mar.') certificai,.: of seaworthiness; (pentru navele iii. pasageri) certificate of clearance: (pentru ueronave) certificate c'i airworthiness ~ de nondumping - nondiimpin^ certificate ~ de obligatiuni - bond certificate - dc origine - (a mdrfurilor de ,"xpt) certificate of manufacture/onHin

^

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76 CER-CES ~ de participare - {titlu ce reprezintd o participare la capitalul social al unei intreprinderi) participation certificate ~ de plata a accizelor - excise permit ~ de proprietate - ownership certificate ~ de receptie - acceptance certificate ~ de recuperare - (tip de certificat de dividende eliberat creditorilor sau actionarilor in cazul asandrii unei societdti) debtor warrant ~ de restituire a taxelor vamale -(platite pentru mdrfurile importate care au fost ulterior reexportate sau folosite la fabricarea mdrfurilor de export) (customs) debenture, debenture bond ~ de sarcini - (al unei proprietdti) title report ~ de scutire de taxe vamale - clearing bill ~ de stivuire - stowage/stowing certificate ~ de testare - {a produselor) test certificate ~ de tonaj - tonnage certificate; (mar.) certificate of / measurement, measurement certificate ~ de transfer - (de actiuni) certificate of transfer, transfer certificate ~ de trezorerie - {titlu de stat destinat acoperirii deficitului bugetului de stat) Treasury certificate ~ interimar/provizoriu - (de actiuni, obligafiuni) interim certificate, scrip ~ nominal - (de actiuni) registered certificate ~ notarial - notarial certificate ~ partial de actiuni - (pentru o parte de actiune, cdnd, in cazul fuziunii a

doud societdti, actiunile sunt inegale ca valoare) fractional (share) certificate ~ pentru dobanda e$alonata - (bur.) deferred interest certificate/scrip/ warrant ~ pentru transportui de cereale - (se elibereazd dacd nova are dotdrile corespunzdtoare) grain cargo certficate ~ provizoriu de asigurare - (cu valabilitate pdnd la emiterea politei de asigurare) cover note ~ sanitar - sanitary certificate ~ vama! pentru rambursarea sur- plusului de taxa vamala - overentry certificate cesiona v.t. {dr.) to assign; to surrender; to transfer; to convey cesionar s.m. assignee; transferee cesiune s.f. {dr.) cession; assignment; transfer; conveyance ~ a dreptului de retentie - assignment of lien ~ de creante - assignment of debts ~ de obligatii - assignment of obligations ~ fara notificare - {cesiune de creante pe care cesionarul nu o notified debitorului/cedentului) undisclosed assignment ~ generala/globala - (prin care un creditor cedeazd unei terte persoane toate creantele sale) general assignment ~ in alb - {transmiterea in scris a unei creante prin andosare fdrd a mentiona cesionarul sau persoana care va deveni creditor) assignment in blank ~ prin novatie - assignment affected by novation ~ voluntara - voluntary conveyance/ consequence/disposition

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CET-CHE 77 cetatean s.m. citizen cetatenie s.f. citizenship cheis.n. quay, pier, wharf ~ de descarcare - discharging quay, cargo terminal ~ de incarcare - shipping pier, loading wharf ~ de marfuri - cargo quay ~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk-handling cargo quay ~ de operare - (incarcare, descarcare) freight terminal ~ de operare specializat - terminal ~ de pasageri - passenger quay ~ de petrol - petroleum wharf, oil jetty/pier/quay ~ de reparatii - repair jetty ~ fluvial - wharf ~ pentru mijioace de alimbare/ mahonare - lighterage wharf ~ pentru petroliere - tanker jetty ~ plutitor - dummy, floating bulkhead/ jetty ~ vamal - customs wharf, legal quay cheiaj s.n. (taxe de chei) quay/pier/ wharf dues, wharfage, queyage, pierage chelar s.m. wine cooper cheltui v.t. to spend, to expend; (banf) to disburse, to lay out; (a risipi) to waste, to squander v.i. to spend ~ excesiv - to overspend cheltuiala s.f. expense, expenditure, outgoings; cost; pi. charges; (speze) disbursement, outlay; (risipa) thriftlessness; waste cheltuieli administrative - administrative expenses, administration costs/expenses ~ anticipate - prepaid expenses ~ bugetare - government/national expenditure

~ cu reparatii extraordinare - (/acute la un activ depreciat, de-a lungul duratei sale rdmase de viata) extraordinary repairs ~ curente - (de productie) running costs/expenses ~ de administratie - management expenses ~ de ambalare - package/packing expenses ~ de amortizare - depreciation expenses ~ de andocare - dock/docking charges ~ de antrepozitare - warehouse charges ~ de armare — (a navelor comerciale) ownership costs ~ de asigurare - insurance charges ~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) general average expenditure/expenses ~ de capital - (cont., fin.) capital charges ~ de calatorie/deplasare - (in interes de serviciu/afaceri) travelling expenses ~ de constituire/lnfiintare - (a unei societal!} promotion/formation expenses ~ de deplasare - (pe mila) mileage expenses ~ de depozitare - storage charges ~ de descarcare - discharging expenses ~ de distribute - distributive costs ~ de expeditie a marfurilor - despatch/ dispatch fees, forwarding charges, charges forward ~ de expertiza - survey expenses ~ de exploatare - operating costs/expenses, working charges/ expenses

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78 CHE-CHE ~ de investitie - outlay ~ de incarcare expenses ~ de intretinere - expenses of maintenance, costs of upkeep, maintenance charges/costs/expenses, upkeep expenses ~ de judecata - law costs, legal charges/expenses ~ de livrare - delivery charges ~ de manipulare - (a mdrfii) handling costs; (in statia terminus) (c.f.) terminal charges/costs, terminals ~ de mutare - removal expenses ~ de personal - staff costs ~ de productie - factory/ manufacturing/systematic costs. production expenses

de publicitate - advertising expenditure/outlays ~ de ranfluare - (mar.) expenses for refloating ~ de regie - overhead expenses/charges, overheads ~ de reprezentare - entertainment expenses, table money ~ de salvare - {mar.) salvage charges/expenses ~ de stivuire - stowage expenses, stevedoring charges ~ de timbrare - stamp charges ~ de transport - carriage charges/expenses, freight charges/costs, transport charges; (mar.) shipping charges/expenses ~ de vanzare/desfacere - selling costs/expenses ~ diverse - sundry charges/expenses, sundries ~ estimative - estimated expenses

~ extraordinare - extraordinary expendicapital expenditure/ -

loading charges/

ture/expenses ~ fixe - fixed/standing charges/expenses ~ generale - general expenses, on-cost charges; overheads ~ initiale/de instalare - initial/first outlays, initial costs ~ in sarcina - cost taxable to ~ mari - heavy expenses ~ marunte - petty expenses, petties ~ neprevazute - contingent/incidental expenses, unexpected costs ~ neprevazute recuperabile - recoverable unforeseen expenditures ~ obisnuite - ordinary disbursements ~ pentru recrutarea cadrelor - cost of recruitment ~ postale - postal charges - preliminare/de infiintare - (a unei societdti) preliminary expenses - publice - public expenditure ~ reprezentand dobanda - interest expenses ~ speciale - special charges; departmental charges ~ standard - standard costs ~ suplimentare - extras ~ si incasari - expenditure and receipts ~ vamale - customs charges ~ variabile - variable expenses/costs a face ~ - to incur expenses a lua toate ~ asupra sa - to defray expenses a-si acoperi ~ - to cover one's expenses, to get back one's money a-si reduce ~ - to reduce/to cut ones expenses cheltuitor adj. spendthrift, thriftless. wasteful s. m. spendthrift, squanderer chenzinal adj. fortnightly

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CHE-CIB 79 chenzina s.f. fortnight; (fortnightly) wages cherestea s.f. timber, converted timber, sawn timber/wood; (SUA) lumber ~ de ra§inoase - softwood timber ~ standardizata - sawn timber per standard chestionar s.n. questionnaire; list/set of questions a completa un ~ - to fill in a questionnaire

cheta s.f. collection; (banii) takings a umbia cu cheta - to take up the collection

chilipir s.n. chance purchase/bargain, (lucky) bargain a umbia dupa chilipiruri - to hunt for bargains chimist^.m. chemist ~ -analist — (care determind titrul) assayer chintals./i. quintal; hundredweight ~ scurt - short/net hundredweight chio§c s.n. stall; (ghereta) booth ~ de ziare - bookstall, bookstand, newsstand chirias s.m. {locator) lodger; tenant, lessee ~ abuziv — (care continud sd ocupe o proprietate dupa expirarea contrac- tului fdrd acordul proprietaruliii) tenant at sufferance ~ care plateste o chine excesiva - rack-renter ~ cu contract - (valabil un anumit numdr de ani) tenant for years ~ cu contract valabil un an - tenant from year to year ~ fara contract - tenant at will ~ pe viata - tenant for life, life tenant chirie s.f. rent; hire; lease

~ contractuala - contractual rent ~ de navlosire - (pe timp) (mar.} charter hire ~ diferentiala - (mai mare decdt esie normal deoarece include plata pentru unele avantaje si facilitdti special e) differential rent ~ excesiva/exagerata - rack-rent ~ moarta - (platibild pentru conce-sionarea unei mine, indiferent dacii aceasta este in exploatare sail nu} dead rent a da cu ~ - to let out on hire/lease a lua cu ~ - to take on hire/lease a sta cu - - to live in a house as (a tenant/lodger

chitanta s.f. receipt, quittance acknowledgment, voucher; release ~ contabila - formal receipt ~ de asigurare provizorie - binding receipt ~ de consemnare - (in vamd) deposr receipt ~ de constituire a unui depozit deposit receipt ~ de plata - receipt for payment, cash paid receipt ~ de plata a taxelor vamale - docket ~ de plata pentru manipulare sau depozitare in statia terminus - (c.f terminal receipt - de primire - voucher for receipt ~ de sold/lichidare - receipt in fuli discharge ~ in dublu exemplar - receipt 11 duplicate ~ neverificata - unaudited voucher ~ valabila - good receipt a elibera o ~ - to make out a receipt chitantier s.n. receipt book cibernetica s.f. cybernetics

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80 CIC-CIT ciclic adj. cyclic(al) ciclu.y.n. cycle ~ agricol - agricultural cycle ~ de achizitionare/cumparare - (frecventa cu care este achizitionat un produs) purchase/buying cycle ~ de activitate - work cycle ~ de afaceri - business cycle ~ de conversie a numerarului - (perioada dintre momentui in care o firmd achizitioneazd materiile prime si eel al vdnzarii produselor finite) cash conversion cycle ~ de livrare - delivery cycle ~ de munca - (pentru mdeplinirea sarcinilor specifice postului) (man.) job cycle ~ de prelucrare a informatiei contabile - accounting information processing cycle ~ de productie - production cycle ~ de viata al familiei - (divizarea pietei pe sectoare, in functie de cheltuielile ocazionate de structura si evolutia in timp a familief) family life cycle ~ de viata al produsului -^product life cycle ~ de viata industriala - industrial life cycle ~ economic - (succesiunea perioadelor de expansiune si recesiune in activitatea economica) economic cycle ~ operational - (intervalul de timp dintre cumpdrarea de materii prime pentru productia de bunuri si inca- sarea numerarului dupd vdnzarea acestord) operating cycle ~ sezonier - (cresteri si scdderi ale volumului si ale ritmului activitdtii pe

parcursul unui an in anumite domenii de activitate) seasonal cycle cifra v.r. (Id) to amount/to come/to figure to, to run into cifra s.f. figure, number; (intre 0 si 9) digit ~ aproximativa/estimativa/rotunda - round figure/number ~ binara - binary digit ~ de afaceri - turnover ~ de afaceri totala/globala - total turnover ~ de afaceri zilnica - daily turnover citric adj. numerical, (expressed) by figures circuit s. n. circuit ~ economic - economic circular flow ~ turistic combinat transport aerian/rutier - fly-drive ~ turistic combinat zbor/croaziera pe mare - fly-cruise ~ turistic complet/cu toate serviciile incluse in pret - inclusive tour circulara s.f. circular (letter) circulatie s.f. 1. (rutierd, feroviard etc.) traffic 2. (monetard, de mdrfuri) circulation ~ a banilor - money circulation

a marfurilor - commodity circulation ~ a stocurilor - stock turnover ~ activa - (bani aflati efectiv in circulatie) active circulation ~ fara acoperire - (a banilor) uncovered circulation ~ fiduciara - fiduciary circulation a pune in ~ - (bani faisi, documente false) to utter cisterna s.f. tank, cistern, reservoir cita v.t. (dr.) to summon, to cite; (martori) to subpoena

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CIT-CLA 81 citatie s.f. (dr.) writ(of summons), summons; (implicdnd amenda in caz de neprezentare) subpoena clasa v.t. 1. to class; (a clasificd) to classify; (scrisori) to docket; (docu-mente mtr-o arhivd, unfisier) to file; (a sorta dupd calitate) to grade; (a sorta dupd mdrime, dimensiune) to size 2. (dr.) {a respinge o actiune) to dismiss; (a casd) to quash clasare s.f. 1. classification; (a scri-sorilor) docketing; (a documentelor mtr-o arhivd, unfisier) filing; (sortare dupd calitate) grading; (sortare dupd mdrime, dimensiune) sizing 2. (dr.) (respingere a unei actiuni) dismissal; (casare) cassation, annulment clasa s.f. 1. (categoric) class, category 2. (sociald) class 3. (sort) grade 4. (pe mijioacele de transport) class 5. (a navelor) class (of ships), rate (of ships) clasa de mijioc - middle class ~ dominanta/conducatoare - the ruling class ~ economica - (cu eel mai scdzut confort in transporturile aeriene si maritime depasageri) economy class ~ intai - first class ~ muncitoare - working class ~ turistica/a doua - (in transporturile aeriene si maritime de pasageri) tourist class clasa a cambiilor - quality of bills of exchange ~ de calitate - quality grade ~ de conturi - accounts class ~ de nave - (totalitatea navelor identice in privinfa constructiei si a destinatiei) class of ships/vessels, ship's class ~ de produse - product class

~ de unitati - (pentru bani, greutdti etc.) denomination clasele bogate/avute - wealth-owning classes, the moneyed classes ~ de jos - the lower classes clasifica v.t. to classify; to class; (dupd calitate) grading; (dupd mdrime, dimensiune) sizing; (a determina si a acorda clasa unei nave) (mar.) to classify, to class, to rate clasificare s.f. classification; (dupd calitate) grading; (dupd mdrime, dimensiune) sizing; (a posturilor in functie de competenta cerutd si de sala-rizarea corespunzdtoare) grading; (a navelor) classification (of ships) ~ a activitatilor/posturilor - job classification ~ a navelor - classification of ships, ships' classification ~ a obligatiunilor - (close atribuite obligatiunilor pe baza probabilitdtii de intrare in mcetare de platd a societdtilor emitente) bond rating ~ industriala standard - standard industrial classification ~ vamala — (categoria din cadrul unui nomenclator de taxe vamale in care este introdus un produs) customs classification ~ zecimala - decimal classification clauza s.f. clause, provision, specification, warranty; pi. terms clauza abandonului - (asig. mar.) abandonment clause ~ abordajului/coliziunii - (asig. mar.) collision clause, running-down clause ~ abordajului din vina ambelor nave - (asig. mar.) both - to - blame collision clause

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82 CLA-CLA ~ ancorei §i a lantului - (a^/g. war.) anchor and chain clause ~ -aur - (fin.) (clauzd care prevede rambursarea unei datorii in aur sail in echivalent-aur; clanzd prin care se adangd la valoarea unei creante pe cea a unei cantitdti specificate de aur sail de echivalent-aur} gold clause ~ avariei - (asig. mar.} average clause ~ avariei comune in strainatate - (dispasa se intocmeste conform legii portului de destinatie) foreign general average clause ~ ,,avariilor de mare" - (in transportui de cereale} sea-damaged terms ^ ~ caricului in coliziutte - (se tine cont numai de pierderile marfii) (asig. mar.) freight collision clause ~ confidentialitatii - (intr-un contract de angajare) confidentiality clause ~ continuarii asigurarii - continuation/prolongation clause ~ contrastaliilor - (mar.) demurrage clause ~ cre$terii preturilor - up-price clause ~ danei/,,la rand" - (mar.) berth/ berthing clause ~ danei pregatite - (mar.) ready berth clause ~ ,,de la depozit la depozit" - warehouse-to-warehouse clause ~ degrevarii - (de o obligatie con- tractuald) (dr.) escape clause ~ devierii - (abaterii de la drum) (mar.) deviation/liberty clause ~ dreptului de retentie - lien clause ~ esuarii - (asig, mar.) grounding clause ~ evaluarii - (asig.) valuation clause

~ extinderii politei de asigurare - extended cover clause ~ ,,fara captura §i sechestrare" - (asig. mar.) free of capture and seizure clause ~ ,,fara raspundere pentru spargeri" - free of breakage clause ~ garantiei - warranty clause ~ ghetii — (de predare a incdrcdturii in eel mat apropiat port neblocat de gheturi) ice clause ~ grevei - strike clause ~ ineflcientei - (navei) breakdown/off- -hire clause ~ ,,lipsei de marfa" - (la predare) deficiency clause ~ livrarii/predarii marfii peste bord - (mar.) overside delivery clause ~ natiunii celei mai favorizate - most- -favoured nation clause ~ navei apte de a transporta marfuri - (asig. mar.) cargo-worthy clause ~ ,,navei de serie" - (asig. mar.) sister-ship clause ~ navlului - freight clause ~ necumularii avariilor - (asig. mar.) noncumulative clause <-- ~ neglijentei - (asig. mar.) inchmaree/ negligence clause ~ ofertei - tender clause ~ ,,operarii la rand" - (mar.) turn berth clause ~ pavilionului - (mar.) flag clause ~ penalizarii - penalty clause ~ pericolelor marii - (asig. mar.) perils of the sea clause ~ ,,permanent in stare de plutire" - (mar.) floating/always afloat clause ~ politei fara obiect asigurat - policy proof of interest clause

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CLA-CLA 83 ~ ,,predarii navei" - (la data si locul mceperii contractului de mchiriere) delivery/disposal clause ~ pretului - price clause ~ razboiului - (asig. mar.) war clause ~ reasigurarii - reinsurance clause ~ riscului de captura si sechestrare - (asig. mar.) risk of capture and seizure clause ~ rosie - (prin care vdnzdtorul aflat in deficit poate obtine un avans bancar) red clause ~ salariilor variabile - escalator clause ~ salvarii - (asig. mar.) salvage clause ~ scaderii preturilor - down price clause ~ surplusului - (prin care prima parte a daunei este suportatd de asigurat) (asig.) excess clause ~ timpului nefavorabil - (asig. mar.) weather permitting clause ~ tranzitului - transit clause ~ valorii furnizate - value given clause ~ variatiei preturilor contractuale - (corn.) escalator clause ~ zadarnicirii voiajului - (asig. mar.) frustration clause clauza aditionala - (la un contract) rider ~ compromisorie - (mtr-un contract prin care cele doud parti se angajeazd sd supund arbitrilor eventualele litigii) arbitration clause ~ conditionala - proviso ~ contractuala - covenant ~ de arbitraj - arbitration clause ~ de asigurare - insurance clause

~ de asigurare a valorilor supli-mentare - disbursement warranty clause ~ de asigurare maritima - marine insurance clause ~ de daune-interese - penalty clause ~ de diminuare a pagubelor - (asig. mar.) sue and labour clause ~ de evadare - (mtr-un contract de siibscriere, care ii permite hdncii de investitii sd se elibereze de rdspun-derea de a cumpdra si de a distribin acthmile companiei) (fin.) escape clause ~ de exonerare — exoneration, exemption/relieving clause ~ de exonerare de raspundere -(asig.) nonliability clause ~ de garantie - warranty clause ~ de limitare a zonei de navigatie -(de cdtre asigurdtori) trading warranties clause ~ de memorandum - (de limitare ci rdspunderii asigurdtorultd) memorandum clause ~ de negarantie - (asig.) nonwarranty clause ~ de optiune pentru ambele porturi -(de incdrcare si descdrcare) dreading at both ends ~ de optiune pentru portui de incarcare - dreading, dreadage ~ de paritate - (fin.) parity/par clause ~ de renuntare - (clauza contractuala care ii permite unei parti sd renunte la o prevedere, in anumite circumstante) waiver clause ~ de revocare — (inainte de maturitate} (fin.) call provision ~ de salvare/siguranta - (prevedere a unui acord comercial care ii permite

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84 CLA-COA unei tdri semnatare sd suspende concesiile vamale acordate atunci cdnd nivelul importurilor afecteazd grav productia internd) escape clause ~ de sistare - cease clause ~ de subrogare - subrogation clause ~ de transbordare - transshipment clause ~ de urgentare - (care prevede cd, dacd o datorie nu este achitatd la timp, toate platile viitoare devin imediat scadente) acceleration clause ~ exceptionala - exceptional clause ~ fara efect - inoperative clause ~ implicita - implied term ~ ipotecara negativa - (angajamentui unui debitor fata de creditorul sdu de a nu constitui o ipotecd imobiliard in folosul unei terte persoane) negative mortgage security clause ~ multivalutara - multicurrency clause ~ nula - void/invalid clause ~ restrictiva - restrictive/saving clause ~ reziduala/restanta - (privitoare la legatarul universal) (dr.) residuary clause ~ rezolutorie - (dr.) avoidance clause, defeasance ~ suplimentara de asigurare -insurance rider ~ valutara - exchange clause clauze de asigurare a marfurilor -(stabilite de Institutui Asigurdtorilor Maritimi din Londra) Institute cargo clauses ~ de asigurare in timp (a corpului 51 a marfil) - (stabilite de Institutui Asigu-rdtorilor Maritimi din Londra) Institute time clauses (hull and cargo) cladire s.f. building; (cu \'fcn, instalafii etc.) premises

~ administrativa/cu birouri - office building client s.m. customer; shopper; (al unui avocat, al unui arhitect etc.) client ~ care plateste in numerar - cash customer ~ care se tocmeste mult - haggler ~ dubios - doubtful client ~ obisnuit/permanent - regular/ permanent customer ~ potential - potential/prospective customer ~ sigur/serios - safe customer ~ solvabil - trustworthy customer a fi clientui - {unui magazin) to deal at clientela s.f. clientele, clientage, connection; (pbisnuita) custom; (de medic sau avocat) practice, clientele a-si crea o ~ - to build up a connection cliring s.n. (tehnicd de compensare a obligatiilor reciproce intre doi parte- neri constdnd in compararea crean- telor cu obligatiile dintre ei, pe baza unor reglementdri prealabile) clearing ~ bancar - bank clearing dona s.f. (produs identic cu altui) clone club s.n. 1. (asociafie) club 2. (local) club house ~ de asigurare mutuala - (asociafie de armatori care sunt in acelasi timp asigurati si asigurdtori) (asig. mar.) insurance club ~ de investitii - (asocierea mat multor persoane cu scopul de a constitui un portofoliu de investitii) investment club ~ nautic - boating club ~ turistic - touring club coachizitie s.f, joint purchase coalitie s.f. coalition, union; (cartel ring

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COA-COI 85 ~ a comerciantilor - (pentru fixarea unor preturi) price ring ~ a licitantilor - bidders'/bidding ring coarmator s.m. (mar.) joint/part owner coasigurare s.f. coinsurance coasociat s.m. copartner, joint partner coca s.f. (corp de navd si aeronava) (asig.) hull cocreditor s.m. joint creditor cocserie s.f. coke works, coking plant cods.n. code ~ al muncii - labour code ~ civil - civil code ~ comercial - commercial code ~ de bare - (pe un produs) bar code ~ de procedura penala - code of criminal procedure ~ fiscal - fiscal code ~ maritim - navigation act/laws ~ penal - penal/criminal code ~ personal de identificare - (la bancomaf) personal identification number ~ postal - postal code; (SUA) zip code ~ silvic - forest code/laws coduri de conduita - (seturi de reguli pentru comportamentui din diferite profesiuni} codes of conduct codebitor s.m. joint debtor codirector s.m. joint manager coeficient s.m. coefficient; ratio, rate, factor ~ al elasticitatii cererii/ofertei -(mijioc de mdsurare a elasticitatii ce-rerii sau a ofertei in functie de modi-ficarea unui factor) coefficient of demand/supply elasticity ~ alfa — (evaluarea ratei de renta-bilitate a actiunilor unei societdti fdrd raportarea la indicele pietei bursiere) alpha coefficient/factor

~ beta - (coeficient care aratd mdsura in care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei societdti variazd in functie de rata de rehabilitate a indicelui pietei bursiere) beta coefficient/factor ~ de acoperire - (raportui, prevdzut de lege, dintre fondurile proprii ale unei band si ansamblul angajamentelor ei) cover ratio ~ de capitalizare bursiera - (raportui dintre pretui unei societdti la bursd si beneficiile ei) price-earnings ratio ~ de exploatare - working coefficient ~ de incarcare - load/cargo coefficient ~ de indatorare - (raportui dintre datoriile pe termen mediu si lung si capitalurile permanente) debt ratio ~ de lichiditate - (raportui dintre activele lichide si datoriile curente ale uneifirme) liquidity/current ratio ~ de randament - output coefficient/ factor ~ de rise - risk coefficient ~ de siguranta - safety coefficient ~ de tonaj - tonnage coefficient ~ marginal al capitalului - (raportui dintre cresterea stocului de capital dintr-o anumitd perioadd de timp si cresterea rezultatelor productiei in acelasi interval de timp) marginal capital coefficient coeficienti de salarizare - wage rates cofondator s.m. joint founder cogestiune s.f. joint management cointeresa v.t. (in) to draw (in) ~ pe cineva intr-o afacere - to give smb. a joint interest in an affair cointeresare s.f. drawing in; (mate-riala) incentive ~ financiara - financial incentive

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86 COI-COM ~ financiara a salariatilor - (in performantele societdtii in care lucreaza) employee involvement cointeresat adj. having/sharing a joint interest in smth. colaps s.n. collapse a intra in ~ - to collapse colecta v.t. (impozite, taxe) to collect, to raise, to get in colectare s.f. collection ~ a impozitelor - tax collection colecta s.f. collection, subscription a face o ~ - to make a collection, to raise a subscription/collection colectiv adj. collective, joint s.n. collective (body), group; staff; personnel ~ de redactie - editorial staff colectivism s.n. collectivism colectivist s.m. collectivist, collective farmer colectiviza v.i. to collectivize colectie s.f. collection ~ de mostre - sample assortment/ collection, collection/set of samples colectiona v.t. to collect colectionar^./n. collector colets.n. parcel, package ~ cu tara calculata - tarer ~ cu valoare declarata - registered parcel ~ expres — express parcel ~ fara valoare declarata - uninsured parcel ~ greu ~ heavy(-lift) package ~ postal - post parcel a expedia un ~ - to post a parcel coletarie s.f. parcel delivery service, parcel post/deSivery/traffic

coliziune s.f. (asig. mar.) collision, abordage, encounter; (intre o navd in mars si una stationata} allision ~ accidentals! - accidental collision ~ iminenta - imminent impact ~ inevitabila - inevitable/inherent collision ~ la acostare - berthing collision ~ la remorca - collision in tow ~ pe fluviu - river collision ~ pe mare - sea collision coloana s.f. column ~ a activelor - (cont.) assets side ~ a debitului - (cont.) debit column ~ diverse - {cont.) sundries column colonial adj. colonial colonialism s. n. colonialism colonie s.f. colony; (asezare) colony, settlement colorant s.m. dyestuff, colouring matter coloranti alimentari - food colours colportaj s.n. {corner} mdrunt) dicker coluziune s.f. (cooperare intre firme independents pentru a influenta concurenta) collusion comanda v.t. to order; {mdrfun) to indent ~ prin po§ta - to send away for comandant.s'.w. commander; captain ~ brevetat - (in marina comerciald) certificated master ~ de cabotier - skipper ~ de nava comerciala - shipmaster. captain, master mariner, merchant captain - de nava maritima - sea captain ~ de pescador - skipper comandat adj. {dar nelivrut) on order comanda s.f. (coin.) order; (de marfa, •nai ales din. sirainatate} indent

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COM-COM 87 ~ acceptata - order in hand ~ de proba - trial/sample order ~ de tonaj - (mar.) indent for space ~ directa - direct order ~ discretionara/la apreciere - (cdtre broker de a cwnpdra, in limita sumei la dispozitie, actiunile pe care acesta Ie alege) (bur.) discretionary order ~ executata la preturi diferentiale - (bur.) split order ~ externa - foreign order ~ ferma - definite/firm order ~ generala/nespecificata - blanket order ~ guvernamentaia/de stat - order for government account, public procurement ~ la alegerea expeditoruiui - open indent ~ mare - heavy order ~ neexecutata - backlog/unfilled order ~ permanenta - (pentru acelea^i marfuri) perpetual order ~ prin po$ta - mail order ~ repetata - repeat order ~ scrisa - order in writing ~ speciala - special order ~ urgenta - rush/pressing order comenzi inutile - {pentru a e\"ita trecerea muncitoriior in ^omaj) make- -work a face o comanda - to place an order facut pe ~ - custom-built/'-make comanditar s.m. donnaiit/sleeping inactive/iimited/latenvsilent/ undisclosed partner comanditat s.m. aclive/aclinp/workin;.; ordinary pai-tns! comandita pannersl'su-

comasa v.t. (beneficii, fondun, inter ese, riscuri) to pool comasare s.f. (de beneficii, foiiduri. interese, riscuri) pooling combate v.t. to combat, to control, to fight against combatere s.f. control, fighting ~ a contrabandei - contraband control ~ a mirosurilor nedorite - odour control ~ a poluarii cu petrol ~ oil pollution action combinare s.f. combination ~ a factorilor de productie - (modu-litate de combinare a factofilor etc productie sub aspect cuntitaliv, structural yi calilativ in raport cu naturci activitdtii economice) combination ol' production inputs ~ a intereselor - (melodd contabilu pentru combinarea situatiilor conlabiu' a doud jirme care fiizioneazd) pooling of interests ~ orizontala — (fuziunea organizaiiilt>r in aceea^i companie sau mir-unci similard, opiisd integrant verticalc-i liorizontal combinatioii/integration --- verticaia - (reiinirea in cadrul HIH': orgaiiizatii a innii i^riip c/e opei'diiuin care se succed, intesrarea prodnclsi." cu sursele ae aprovizionare fi cu pir- tele de desfacerc) vertical combination integration combustibit adj. combustible s.n. ruei - antiinflarnabij - h'^ergolic fuel - cunvciitional - coi'jvcntionai hies - Qe carbuni - cort! isiei

- .i.:;;'"1-.'; ' ' ;il;ie!l•K•i••l(Ou'-i;l!•,.•jc rue; -1 ;u's'ii,u - iuei oli. iiuu!i"i/0i! h.ic^

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88 CAL-CAM ~ solid - solid fuel comercial adj. commercial, trading, trade..., business...; mercantile comercializa v.t. to commercialize, to market, to merchandise comercializare s.f. commercialization, marketing, merchandising ~ experimentala - (pe o piatd res- trdnsd) test marketing comerciant s.m. trader, dealer, tradesman; (angrosist, mai ales in rela- tiile cu strdindtatea, sau detaiUst) merchant; (cu magazin) shopkeeper, shopman; (care vinde in rate/pe credit) tallyman; (de imbrdcdminte, echipa- ment) outfitter ~ afiliat - merchant member ~ angrosist - warehouseman; (mai ales in relatiile cu strdindtatea) merchant ~ comisionar - commission merchant ~ cu amanuntui - retail dealer, retailer ~ cu livrarea imediata a marfii - spot trader ~ cu retea de distribute - chain merchant ~ de cereale - (cu amanuntui) corn chandler; (cu ridicata) corn dealer ~ de marfuri de ocazie - second-hand dealer ~ de marfuri generale - general dealer ~ de textile - draper ~ de vinuri - vintner comert s.n. trade, commerce, traffic; (in magazin) shopkeeping ~ ambulant - (de mdruntisuri) pedlary, peddlery ~ angro/cu ridicata - wholesale/direct trade ~ colonial - colonial trade ~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - retail trade

~ cu articole de lux - luxury trade ~ cu cereale - corn/grain trade ~ cu materiale navale - ship chandlery ~ cu textile - drapery ~ cu vinuri - vintnery ~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/ coastwise trade ~ de cherestea - timber trade ~ de contrabands - contraband/ smuggling trade ~ de export - export trade ~ de import - import trade ~ de legume si fructe - greengrocery ~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk trade ~ de schimb - barter trade ~ de stat - state/govemment/public trade ~ de tranzit - transit/entrepot trade ~ exterior - foreign/external trade; {mar.) outward/overseas trade ~ ilicit - illicit trade ~ interior - domestic/intemal/home trade; (mar.) inland/home trade ~ intermediar/de reexport - intermediary/intermediate/reexport trade ~ international - international trade ~ interstatal - (SUA) interstate commerce ~ invizibil - (sectoral serviciilor) invisible trade ~ in compensatie - compensation trade ~ in rate/pe credit - tally system/trade ~ infloritor - flourishing trade ~ liber - free trade ~ licit - lawful trade ~ Umitrof/de frontiers - frontier trade traffic ~ local/regional - local trade

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CAM-COM 89 ~ maritim - commercial shipping, maritime commerce/trade, sea/seabome trade ~ marunt - dicker ~ mondial - world trade ~ multilateral - multilateral trade ~ neautorizat - unauthorized trade ~ pasiv - (transportui mdrfurilor de export cu navele altei tdri) (mar.) passive commerce ~ prin po$ta - postal trade ~ sezonier - seasonal trade ~ stradal - kerb trade ~ trilateral - trilateral trade ~ triunghiular - (tranzactie switch fdcutd la export, realizatd in devize printr-o a treia tar a pentru eludarea reglementdrilor valutare) switch deal/transaction a face- - to (carry on) trade a face ~ ambulant - to peddle a face ~ angro - to deal wholesale a face ~ cu - to trade in a face ~ cu marunti§uri - to haberdash a face ~ intens - to carry on a good/roaring trade comis-voiajor s.m. commercial traveller, travelling salesman, drummer comisars.m. commissioner ~ de avarie - (asig. mar.) average agent/commissioner comisie s.f. commission, committee, board ~ bugetara - budget committee; (SUA) committee of ways and means ~ comuna - (formatd din reprezen- tantii mai multor organizatii) joint committee

~ de ancheta - committee of inquiry, investigation committee, fact-finding board ~ de cenzori - audit(ing) committee ~ de control - control commission/ committee ~ de examen - examining board, board of examiners ~ de litigii - conflict/dispute committee ~ de lucru - working party ~ de mandate - credentials committee ~ de redactare - editing panel ~ electorala - election committee ~ financiara - (SUA) committee of supply ~ mixta - (CM membri din camera fi senat) joint committee ~ parlamentara - parliamentary committee ~ permanenta - standing committee comision s.n. 1. commission, allowance; {de intermediere) factorage 2. (insdrcinare) errand, message ~ bancar - bank commission ~ de adresa - (pidtit de navd in portnl de descdrcare) {mar.) address commission ~ de asigurare - (pidtit agentului de asigurdri) insurance commission ~ de brokeraj - brokerage commission ~ de navlosire - (mar.) charter commission, ship brokerage ~ de reprezentare - agency fee ~ de subscriere - underwriting commission ~ de vanzari - selling brokerage/ commission ~ del credere - del credere commission ~ pentru mandatare - trust cost ~ pentru terti - commission past us

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90 COM-COM ~ per lot - (ydndut la licitatie) lot money a face un ~ - to take orders on commission a merge cu un ~ - to go on errand comisionar s.in. 1. (commission) agent 2. (intermediar) factor, middleman; (curler, persoand care face diverse servicii) commissionaire; (bdiat) eirand boy, street porter ~ de export - export commission agent ~ portuar — runner comitets.n. committee, board ~ consultativ - advisory board' commission - de conducere - executive/managing committee ~ de greva - strike committee ~ de initiativa - steering committee ~ de redactie - editorial board ~ executiv - executive committee - financiar - (SUA) committee of ways and means - interimar - interim committee ~ ora^enesc - city/town committee ~ permanent - standing committee ~ provizoriu - temporary committee -- sindical - trade-union committee; (de intreprindere) local trade-union committee a face parte din ~ /a fi in ~ - to sit on/to be on the committee como$tenitor s.'n. joint heir, coheir. parcener companie s.f. company '- comerciala - trading company -- cu unitati de productie multiple/ endependeiiif •1- n-niiupie dr.isio'i c'''iJ,i"):iny • <i': ;.s'•.."eiu'l^tr;l - msurai'u;.^ ,..t.unpa''v " -^\ ^^t ferasc - raiiv/;". ..f;s^.".ii\-''

~ de factaj/mesagerie - parcel delivery company, express company ~ de nave de linie - liner company ~ de navigatie - shipping/navigation company ~ de navigatie fluviala - river shipping company ~ de navigatie maritima - sea trading company ~ de petroliere - tanker company "- de remorcaj - (mar.) towage company ~ de saivare - (mar.} salvage company

- de stivuire - (mar.) stevedoring company ~ de transport de mobila - removal contractor(s) ~ de transporturi aeriene - airlines, airways ~ holding - holding company ~- operationala - (filiala iinui holding) operating company - orientata spre productia realizabila -- (,s'i' nil spre cea cerutd) production- -onented compaiiy '- petroliera - o''i company - secundara - (care nil este lider intr-un amimit domenhi) follower compensa v./. 1. (pentrii) to com-peiisate (for), to mdemr)ify(tor) 2. (a echilibra, a contrubalansa) to counterbalance, to countervail, to offset 3, (un cec printr-o casd de coinpefisatie) to clear; (o chitone) to set off; {fondid vaiiitar) to equalize ~ o pierdere - to make good a loss compensare .'••./'.' i 'r; i conipensaiion. re"-':U'nsos

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COM-COM datoriilor) setoff; {regularizare a fondului valutar) equalization ~ a cecurilor - cheque clearing. ~ interbancara a creditelor - credit clearing compensator(iu) adj. compensatory compensatie s.f. 1. compensation, indemnification, indemnity, consideration, remedy; pi. reparations 2. {cliring) clearing ~ executorie - executory consideration ~ pentru concediere/desfacerea contractului de munca - severance pay competent adj. competent, efficient, proficient competenta s.f. 1. competence, proficiency, ability 2. (dr.) competence, competency, jurisdiction ~ a conducerii de a lua decizii -management discretion ~ de baza — (a unei societdti) {man.) core competence ~ de decizie - decision making ~ distinctiva - {man.) distinctive competence competitiv adj. competitive competitivitate s.f. competitiveness competitie s.f. competition ~ pura/perfecta - pure competition complementar adj. complementary complet adj. complete adv. completely ~ asamblat - {despre utilaje care, la vdnzare, sunt gata de folosintd imediatd) completely built up ~ dezasamblat - {despre utilaje livrate dezasamblate} completely knocked down completa v.t. to (make) complete, to supplement: (o suma, o cantilute) to make up; (iin cec) to write out; (un

document, im cec) to fill in; {SUA) to fill out complex s. 11. complex ~ comercial - trading estate ~ industrial - industrial complex ~ portuar - port complex comportament^./i. behaviour ~ al consumatorului - consumer behaviour ~ al producatorului - producer behaviour ~ competitiv - competitive behaviour ~ organizational - organizational behaviour ~ strategic - {al unei firme in vedereu obtinerii de profituri maxime) strategic behaviour comportare s.f. behaviour, conduct ~ corecta - {in afaceri) fair dealing compostor s.n. numbering machine; dating stamp, dater -" de bilete - ticket nipper compozit adj. composite compromis s.n. compromise: arrangement, agreement, settlement; give-and-take; {realizat in fadrul negocierilor) tradeoff ~ de avarie - {asig. mar.) average agreement ~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) average bond computer s.n. computer computeriza v.t. to computerize comun adj. common; (ohstesc) communal comunal adj. communal comunicat s.n. (oficial) official statement ~ de presa - handout comunismi'./i. communism coniunitate s.f. conimunitv

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92 COM-CON ~ de afaceri - business community ~ de bunuri - communal estate, community property/regime ~ de interese - community of interests ~ de natiuni - commonwealth Comunitatea Britanica de Natiuni -Commonwealth of Nations concedia v.t. to dismiss, to discharge; (temporar datoritd lipsei comenzilor) to lay off concediere s.f. dismissal, discharge; (temporara datoritd lipsei comenzilor) layoff ~ disciplinara - summary dismissal ~ nejustificata/ilegala - wrongful dismissal concediu s.n. leave (of absence); (yacanta) holiday(s); (SUA) vacation ~ cu plata - holidays with pay, paid/privilege leave ~ de boala - sick leave ~ de odihna - annual leave ~ fara plata - holidays without pay ~ pentru motive personale - compassionate leave concentrare s.f. (proces prin care sec- toarele economice sunt tot maiputernic dominate de cdteva firme mart) concentration ~ a capitalului - Concentration of capital ~ a cumparatorilor - (pe o piatd) buyer concentration ~ a industriei - (concentrarea unor sectoare industriale in anumite zone in functie de sursele de materii prime, profilul pietelor etc.) concentration of industry ~ a livrarilor - (de materie primd cdtre un sector industrial in mdna

catorva furnizori) supplier concentration ~ a productiei - production concentration ~ -conglomerat a productiei -(miscarea de absorbtie, disparitie, fu-ziuni, amplificare a sistemului partici-patiilor financiare, cumpdrare a pa-chetelor majoritare de actiuni etc.) conglomerate concentration of production ~ fmanciara - (forma de concentrare, crestere a capitalului firmei} financial concentration ~ orizontala a productiei - (reunirea sub controlul unui centru de decizie a unor unitdti economice care realizeazd un produs sau o grupd de produse) horizontal concentration of production ~ verticals a productiei - (gruparea agentilor economici care realizeazd activitdti reprezentdnd diferite stadii in fabricarea unui produs sau a unei grupe de produse sub o conducere comund) vertical concentration of production concepe v.t. (a imagind) to conceive; (a formula) to formulate, to word; (a schita) to draft concept s. n. concept concern s.n. concern concesie s.f. concession a face concesii cuiva - to meet smb. half-way a face ~ reciproce - to make mutual concessions, to give and take concesiona v.t. to grant; to license concesionar s.m. concessionnaire; grantee; licensee ~ de servicii publice - statutory undertaker

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CON-CON 93 concesiune s.f. concession; franchise; lease; grant; license ~ a unei cai ferate - railway concession ~ de prospectiune - (pentru desco-perirea zdcdmintelor de hidrocarburi) exploration license ~ forestiera - timber claim ~ miniera - mining claim ~ scurta - (yalabild pentru mai putin de 50 de ani) short lease concesor s.m. grantor; licenser conciliere s.f. conciliation concordat s.n. (acord cu creditorii) {dr.) deed of arrangement/assignment, scheme of composition/arrangement between debtor and creditors, legal settlement, private arrangement, composition, bankrupt's certificate concura v.i. (cu) to compete (with) concurent adj. competitive, rival s.m. competitor, rival concurenta s.f. competition, rivalry ~ agresiva - knocking competition ~ care nu se manifests prin preturi -nonprice competition ~ dura/acerba - cutthroat/keen/severe competition ~ imperfecta - imperfect competition ~ libera - free competition ~ loiala - fair competition ~ monopolists - monopolistic competition ~ neloiala - unfair competition ~ perfecta - perfect competition concurential adj. competitive condamna v.t. (dr.) to convict, to sentence; (la amendd) to fine; (la plata despdgubirilor, acordarea de daune--interese) to cast

condamnat s.m. convict; (in contu-macie) defaulter condica s.f. book of entry; register ~ de prezenta - attendance book ~ de reclamatii - book of complaints, requests book a trece in ~ - to register conditie s.f. 1. (stare, situatie) condition, situation 2. (clauzd) condition, stipulation;^/, terms 3. (sociald) status, rank ~ implicita - implied condition ~ legala - legal condition ~ nula - null and void condition ~ prealabila - prerequisite ~ rezolutorie - (dr.) condition subsequent ~ suspensiva - (dr.) condition precedent conditii acceptabile - fair terms ~ actuale - prevailing conditions ~ ale trasului pentru acceptarea cambiei - terms of acceptance ~ ale unei emisiuni - (fin.) terms of an issue ~ americane - (in comertui cu cereale) American terms ~ atractive - attractive terms ~ contractuale - conditions of contract ~ convenite/stabilite - agreed terms, conditions agreed upon ~ de adeziune - (la o asociatie, un club etc.) conditions of membership ~ de calitate - quality requirements ~ de cartel maritim - conference terms ~ de creditare - credit terms ~ de exploatare/functionare -operating conditions ~ de lichidare - (bur.) settlement terms

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94 COTM-CON ~ de linie - (mar.) berth/liner terms ~ de livrare - delivery terms, terms of delivery, specifications for delivery; (reduceri de preturi acordate de angrosist detailistilor) temns to trade, trade terms ~ de livrare a secarei/granelor - {mar.) rye terms ~ de munca - working conditions ~ de navlosire - (mar.) chartering terms ~ de operare la chei - (mar.) quay terms ~ de plata - payment terms, terms of payment ~ de plata a tratei - draft terms ~ de plata in numerar fara reduceri - terms strictly net cash ~ de plata pentru transport direct - through rate ~ de preturi inclusive - inclusive terms ~ de scont - discount terms ~ de vanzare - terms of sale ~ generate de livrare - general delivery terms ~ inacceptabile - unacceptable terms ~ in vigoare - conditions ruling ~ la realizarea unei investitii - (impuse investitiilor strdine directe de cdtre guvernul tdrii respective) investment performance requirements ~ nefavorabile — unfavourable terms ~ preferentiale - preferential terms ~ tehnice - technical regulations ~ tehnice de calitate - quality specifications, specifications of quality ~ uzuale - usual terms ~ variabile - varying terms ~ vechi/existente - old terms a conveni asupra ~ - to come to terms

a pune ~ - to make terms a-si formula ~ - to lay down one's conditions, to make one's terms conditiona v.t. to condition conduce v.t. (a administra) to manage, to direct; (a supraveghea) to supervise, to superintend; (o afacere) to carry on, to run ~ o adunare - to preside over/to chair a meeting conducere s.f. 1. (administrare) admi-nistration; managership, leadership; management; (supraveghere) supervision, superintendence; (a unei afaceri) carriage, running 2. (cadre) staff ~ a uzinei - works management ~ centralizata - centralized management ~ colectiva -joint management ~ de proiect integral - integrated project management ~ direct responsabila de indeplinirea obiectivelor intreprinderii - line management ~ dupa principiul rezultatelor -(bune sau rele) management by principle ~ generala - general management ~ gresita - mismanagement ~ ierarhica - (man.) chain of command ~ imediat superioara salariatilor obi^nuiti - first-line management ~ la nivel mediu - middle management ~ prin eliminare - (a datelor nesem-nificative din bugete sail planuri in scopiil unei corectii) management by exception ~ prin obiective - (pentru o eficientd sporitd) management by objectives

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CON-CON 95 ~ prin participare - participative management ~ redactionala - editorship ~ superioara - top management ~ unica - one-man/Caesar management conducta s.f. pipe, pipeline ~ de ape reziduale/uzate - waste pipe ~ submarina - (pentru transportui produselor petroliere) submarine/ underwater pipeline, sea pipe conduita s.f. conduct ~ extrem de rea - (a unui angajat, care, in asemenea situatii, este demis imediat) (man.) gross misconduct confectii s.f. pi. ready-made/'-to-wear clothes, store clothes, wear, wearing apparel confectiona v.t. {a fabrica) to manufacture; to work conferinta s.f. 1. (discurs) lecture, speech 2. (adunare) conference; meeting; congress 3. (grad universitar) lectureship ~ de instruire - briefing conference ~ de presa - press conference ~ la nivel inalt - summit conference ~ nationala/pe tara - nation-wide/all--country conference ~ telefonica - conference call a tine o ~ - to give/to deliver a lecture confidential adj. confidential; (secret) secret adv. confidentially, privately confidentialitate s.f. confidentiality conHrma v.t. to confirm; to acknowledge ~ o §tire - to confirm a piece of news ~ primirea unei scrisori - to acknowledge the receipt of a letter confirmare s.f. confirmation, acknowledgement

~ a comenzii - acknowledgement of order ~ a creditului - advice of credit ~ a greutatii - (mdr/ii) acknowledgement of weight ~ a tranzactiei - advice of deal ~ de primire - acknowledgement of receipt confisca v.t. to confiscate, to seize confiscare s.f. confiscation, seizure ~ a marfurilor nedeclarate in vama - seizure of goods not declared to the customs ~ de actiuni — (subscrise si nepldtite la termenul scadent) forfeiture of shares conflict 5. n. conflict ~ de competenta/jurisdictie - (dr.) concurrence of jurisdiction ~ de delimitare - (dezacord apdrut nitre sindicate cu privire la ce categoric de muncitori ar trebui sd execute anumite tipuri de lucrdri) demarcation dispute ~ de interese - conflict of interests ~ de legi - adversity/conflict of laws ~ de munca - industrial/labour dispute ~ de retea — (apdrut mtre membrii unei retele de distributie) channel conflict conform adj. (cu) conformable (to), true (to), according (to), corresponding (to) prep. according to, in accordance/ keeping/agreement with, in conformity/ compliance with; (datoritd) owing to ~ avizului - (^m^^v^^^ per advice ~ comenzii dvs. - in conformity/ compliance with your order ~ contului remis - as per account rendered ~ copiei anexate - as per copy enclosed

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96 CON-CON ~ cu originalul - corresponding/ conformable to the original ~ darii de seama anexate - as per statement enclosed ~ facturii - as per invoice ~ legii - according to the law ~ mostrei - as per sample, up to sample ~ planului - according to plan ~ uzului - (corn.) as customary conforma v.r. to comply with congela v.t. to freeze, to refrigerate congelare s.f. freezing, refrigeration ~ rapida - quick freezing conglomerat s.n. (forma de concentrare, de integrare sub controlul unui centru de decizie a unor unitdti economice cu profil fi activitdti diferite) conglomerate congress.n. congress conjunctura s.f. (economicd) conjuncture ~ a pietei - market condition/position conosament s.n. (mar.) bill of lading, freight document ~ colectiv - general/omnibus bill of lading ~ curat/fara rezerve/mentiuni - clean bill of lading ~ de linie - liner bill of lading ~ de primire - (marfuri recepfionate, dar neincdrcate) received bill of lading ~ direct - direct/through bill of lading ~ fluvial - river bill of lading ~ fractional - delivery/landing order ~ la ordin - order/port bill of lading ~ la purtator - blank/bearer bill of lading ~ murdar/cu rezerve/mentiuni - (cu menfiunea receptiondrii mdrfii in stare necorespunzdtoare/improprie)

dirty/foul/unclean/claused/qualified bill of lading ~ nominal - straight bill of lading ~ nou - fresh bill of lading ~ oceanic - ocean bill of lading ~ original - original bill of lading ~ partial - (pentru o partidd de mar/a) parcel bill of lading ~ pentru marfuri de export - outward bill of lading ~ pentru marfuri de import - inward bill of lading ~ pentru marfuri incarcate - ship/ship's/shipped bill of lading ~ pentru marfuri neincarcate - (care urmeazd a fi incarcate} received-for- -shipment bill of lading ~ -tip - uniform bill of lading consemna v.t. 1. (bani) to deposit 2. (a incredinta, a da marfuri spre pdstrare) to consign 3. (a inregistrd) to register, to record, to write down conserva v.t. (in cutii de conserve) to can, to tin conserve s.f. pi. tinned food; (SUA) canned food consignatar s.m. consignee; depositary, depository consignator s.m. consignor, consigner; depositor consignatie s.f. (de marfuri) consignment (of goods) consilier s.m. 1. adviser, consultant 2. (membru al unui consiliu) councillor ~ comunal/municipal - town councillor ~ economic - economic adviser ~ fiscal - tax consultant ~ juridic - legal/law adviser ~ tehnic - technical adviser consiliu s.n. council, board

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CON-CON 97 ~ comunal/municipal/orasenesc - town council ~ de administratie - board of directors, managing board, directorate ~ de arbitraj - conciliation board ~ de tutela - board of trustees ~ districtual/regional - district council ~ valutar - currency board consolida v.t. 1. to consolidate, to strenghten 2. (fin.) (p datorie) to fund; (datoria publicd) to consolidate 3. (a centraliza, a Integra bilanturile filia-lelor unei societdti-mamd in bilantui global care devine bilant consolidaf) (cont.) to consolidate v.r. (despre cursul actiunilor) (bur.) to consolidate consolidare s.f. 1. (fin.) (a datoriilor) funding; (a datoriei publice) consolidation 2. (centralizare, abordare in grup a unei societdfi-mamd cu filialele ei in scopuri contabile) consolidation 3. (stabilizarea cursului actiunilor} (bur.) consolidation 4. (stingerea unui drept de uzufruct prin intrunirea, in aceeasi persoand, a calitdtii de uzu-fructuar si de nud proprietor) (dr.) consolidation consor(iu.?./?. consortium, syndicate constitui v.t. to constitute; (a forma, a infiinta) to form constituire s.f. constitution; (formare, infiintare) formation ~ a unei societati - company formation ~ a unui fond de rezerva - formation of a reserve fund constituit adj. constituted ~ sub forma unei corporatii -incorporate, incorporated

constrange v.t. 1. (a sili) to constrain, to oblige; (aforfa) to compel, to force 2. (dr.) to coerce; to bind over constrangere s.f. 1. compulsion; constraint, restraint; (restricfie) restriction 2. (legald) coercition; binding over 3. (exercitatd pentru semnarea unui contract) duress ~ a vanzatorilor descoperiti - (care vdnd la termen fard acoperire, obligati sd cumpere in pierdere pentru a face fata angajamentelor contractuale) (bur.) bear squeeze ~ aplicata de autoritati - (asupra navei) restraint of authorities ~ bugetara - budget constraint ~ si retinere - (a navei) restraint and detainment constructor s.m. builder, constructor; (antreprenor) building contractor ~ de masini navale - marine engineer ~ naval - shipbuilder, naval architect/constructor constructie s.f. 1. (construire) building, construction 2. (cladire) building, construction, structure; (lucrare) development ~ de automobile - automotive engineering ~ de drumuri - road building/making ~ de masini - mechanical engineering constructii civile - civil engineering ~ navale - shipbuilding, ship construction, naval construction/ architecture ~ navale civile - civil shipbuilding construi v./. to build, to construct; to engineer construire s.f. building, construction; engineering

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98 CON-CON ~ a unei pozitii - (prin cumpdrarea treptatd de actiuni pentru a evita cre§terea bruscd a pretului lor) (bur.) position building consuls. m. consul ~ general - consul general consular adj. consular consulat s.n. consulate, consular office ~ general - consulate general consultant adj. consulting s.m. consultant, adviser ~ managerial - management consultant consultants s.f. consulting, counselling ~ financiara - financial counselling ~ in sectorul promovarilor - (intr-o firmd) (man.) career counselling consultativ adj. consultative, advisory a avea vot ~ - to be present in an advisory capacity, to have advisory vote consume./i. consumption ~ de capital - capital consumption ~ de combustibil - fuel consumption ~ final/de produse finale - final consumption ~ intermediar — (de bunuri economice pentru a produce alte bunuri) intermediate consumption ~ intern - domestic/home consumption ~ intraramuri - (cont.) intrabranch consumption ~ national - national consumption ~ neproductiv - unproductive consumption ~ ostentativ - (nemotivat de necesitdti, stimulat de dorinta confirmdrii unei pozitii sociale superioare) conspicuous consumption ~ privat - private consumption ~ productiv - productive consumption

~ public - public consumption ~ specific - specific consumption ~ zilnic - daily consumption consuma v.t. 1. (a folosi) to use; (a risipi) to waste 2. (energie) to consume, to use up 3. (a epuiza) to spend, to exhaust consumator s.m. consumer; (final) end-user ~ de capital — (despre ramurile si activitdtile industrials care necesitd un volum mare de capital pentru a functiona) capital-intensive ~ de forta de munca - (despre ramurile §i activitdtile industriale care necesitd un volum mare de forta de mimed) labour-intensive ~ final - end-user, final/ultimate consumer ~ progresist - progressive consumer consumerism s. n. consumerism constientizare s.f. (cunoasterea calitdtilor unui produs de cdtre consumatori) awareness conts.n. account ~ activ - (de operatiuni) active account ~ administrat - (cont bancar investit pe piata financiara) cash management account ~ al clientului - client account ~ al vanzatorului/vanzarilor fara acoperire - short account ~ bancar - bank/banking account ~ blocat - blocked/frozen account ~ comun -joint account ~ creditor - creditor account ~ curent - current account, account current; (in baza cdruia se pot emite cecuri) cheque account; (SUA) checking account ~ de accepte - acceptance account

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CON-CON 99 ~ de achizitii - purchases account ~ de activ - (cu sold debitor) debit/debtor account ~ de alocare/repartizare - (a profitului net) appropriation account ~ de amortizare - depreciation account ~ de buget - (cont bancar din care se achitd regulat platile curente) budget account ~ de calculare a profitului brut - trading/working account ~ de capital - capital account ~ de casa - cash account ~ de cheltuieli - charges account ~ de curing - clearing account ~ de compensatie - offset account ~ de concentrare - {cont de depozit in care se vireazd periodic sume de ban!) concentration account ~ de consignatie - consignment account ~ de control/rectificare - control/ adjustment/total account ~ de creante nerecuperabile - bad debts account ~ de credit - loan account ~ de credit neachitat la scadenta - delinquent account ~ de custodie - custody account ~ de depozit - deposit account ~ de depozit la termen - fixed deposit account ~ de depozit la vedere - sight deposit account ~ de economii - savings account; (SUA) thrift account ~ de egalizare a dividendelor - (cdnd se inregistreazd mart variatii ale profi- turilor anuale) dividend equalization account

~ de fonduri de rezerva - reserve account ~ de lichidare/decontare - settlement account ~ de modificare a patrimoniului - asset liability adjustment account ~ de plati e$alonate - deferred payment account ~ de productie - production account ~ de profit §i pierderi - profit/gain and loss account ~ de vanzari - sales account, account sales ~ de venituri/incasari fiscale - revenue account ~ de venituri si cheltuieli - income and expediture account ~ de virament - transfer account - deschis - (in baza unui credit) open account ~ descoperit - overdraft ~ detaliat - detailed/specified account ~ din cartea mare - ledger account ~ diverse - sundries/sundry account ~ fara dobanda - noninterest bearing account ~ fiduciar - trust/trustee account ~ inactiv - inactive/dormant/dead account ~ interimar - interim account ~ in credit - (corn.) credit account; (SUA) charge account ~ in tranzit/tranzitoriu - suspense account ~ in valuta - foreign currency account ~ loro — (cont deschis de o bancd din strdindtate pentm corespondentiil sdu din alta tard, cu scopul de a mregistra sumele care se incaseazd in folosiil sdu) loro account ~ lunar - (corn.) monthly account

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100 CON-CON ~ nesoldat - unbalanced account ~ nostro - (cont deschis de o bancd la corespondentui sdu din strdindtate, in care se tnregistreazd toate operathmile bdncii titulare) nostro account ~ numeric - numbered account ~ particular - private account ~ personal - personal/private account; (de retragere de fonduri al proprie- tarului unei afaceri) drawings account ~ provizoriu - provisional account ~ remis - account rendered ~ special/separat - special/separate account ~ specificat - itemized account ~ transferabil - transferable account ~ vostro - (conturile bdncilor- -corespondent deschise la o boned data) vostro account conturi ale activitatii agentilor economici - economic activity accounts ~ ale sectoarelor economice - economic sectors accounts ~ anuale/finale - annual accounts ~ consolidate - consolidated accounts ~ de creante - accounts receivable ~ de datorii - accounts payable ~ de grup - group accounts ~ de plata a impozitelor - (SUA) Treasury tax and loan accounts ~ debitoare - outstandings ~ impersonale - impersonal accounts ~ manageriale - management accounts ~ nominale - nominal accounts ~ pe doua rubrici - two-sided accounts ~ reale - real accounts ~ spontane - (conturi din bilanf si situatia venitului care se schimbd o

data cu modificarea vdnzdrilor) spontaneous accounts a trece in cont - to carry to account a trece in contui cuiva - to place/to carry to smb.'s account contabil-y.m. bookkeeper, accountant ~ atestat/autorizat - certified accountant; (in Marea Britanie) chartered accountant ~ managerial atestat/autorizat - (care lucreazd in sectorul afacerilor) (SUA) certified management accountant ~ public/autorizat - public accountant ~ public atestat/autorizat - (SUA) certified public accountant contabilitate s.f. 1. bookkeeping, accounting, accountancy 2. (serviciu) accounting department ~ a costurilor - cost accounting ~ a costurilor curente/de inflatie - current cost accounting ~ a fuziunii - merger accounting ~ creatoare - creative accounting ~ de amortizare - depreciation accounting - de inflatie - inflation accounting ~ fara cifre - (bazatd pe simboluri, pentru uzul conducerii) figureless accounts ~ financiara - financial accounting ~ integrata - integrated accounting ~ in partida dubia - double-entry bookkeeping ~ in partida simpla - single-entry bookkeeping ~ manageriala - (date in baza cdrora se asigurd conducerea, planificarea, sarcinile administrative) managerial/ management accounting ~ nationala - national accounting

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CAL-CAM. 60

cale s.f. 1. (drum) road, street; (ruta) route 2. (w .se/iy abstract) way, path, course 3. (mijioc) way, means ~ de apa navigabila - navigable waterway ~ de navigatie interioara - inland waterway ~ ferata - rail, railway; (SUA) railroad ~ ferata uzinala - yard track, works/factory railway ~ maritima - sea road, seaway ~ maritima costiera - coastwise sea lane cai de comunicatie - lines of communication ~ si mijioace - ways and means calendar s.n. calendar calfa s.f. journeyman calificare s.f. qualification; (a munci- torilor) skill ~ la locul de munca - training at the job calificat adj. qualified; skilled calitate s.f. 1. (msusire) quality; property, attribute; asset; (caracteris- tica) (distinctive) feature, characteristic 2. (fel) sort, kind; grade 3. (a unei obligatiuni, care exprimd gradul de rise pentru investitor) quality ~ a conducerii de a lua decizii - management discretion ~ a produsului - product quality ~ a vietii - quality of life ~ acceptabila - fair quality ~ buna - sound quality ~ comerciala - commercial quality/ grade ~ conform mostrei - quality as per sample ~ de asociat/partener - partnership ~ de membru - membership

~ dubia - (a brokerilor de a lucra ca intermediari sau pe cont propriu} (bur.) dual capacity ~ functionala - functional quality ~ inferioara - low/cheap quality ~ ireprosabila - perfect quality ~ la incarcare - {mar.) shipped quality ~ medie - medium/average quality ~ medie buna - (despre grdu) fair average quality ~ mediocra - poor quality ~ standard - standard quality/grade ~ stipulata/convenita - stipulated quality ~ superioara - prime/superior/high first quality, fineness ~ totala - (man.) total quality ~ vandabila - merchantable quality calitativ adj. qualitative calm s.n. (pepiata bursiera) doldrums camata s.f. usury cambial adj. bill... cambie s.f. bill (of exchange) ~ acceptata - accepted bill ~ andosata - backed/endorsed bill ~ bancara - bank/banker's bill. finance bill ~ comerciala - commercial/trade bill. two-name paper ~ cu scadenta depa§ita - overdue past-due bill ~ cu scadenta fixa - fixed-date bill ~ curata/fara rezerve/mentiuni - clean bill of exchange ~ de clasa tntai - fine bank/trade bill. prime/respectable bill ~ de complezenta - accommodation bill, kite ~ de investitie - investment bill ~ domiciliata - domiciled bill

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CON-CON 101

~ prudenta - conservative accounting ~ tabulara - tabular bookkeeping a tine contabilitatea - to keep the books container s.n. container ~ celular - (pentru portcontainere cu celule) nesting-type container ~ combinat - (din aluminiu si otel) combined aluminium-steel container ~ de aluminiu - all-aluminium container ~ de mare capacitate - van container ~ de marfa - cargo/freight container ~ de transbordare - transfer container ~ de tranzit - noncaptive van container ~ de vagon - van container ~ demontabil - demountable container ~ deschis/fara capac - (pentru mdrfuri in vrac) open(-top) container ~ ermetic/etan? - watertight container, lift van ~ fara marfa - empty container ~ flexibil - (pentru lichide) flexible container ~ frigorific - refrigerated container ~ izotermic - insulated container ~ nereturnabil - single-trip/disposal container ~ pentru lichide - fluid container ~ pentru marfa m vrac - bulk container ~ pentru marfa uscata - dry freight container ~ pentru pachete - packaged container ~ pentru paleti - pallet container ~ pentru transporturi maritime - shipping container ~ -platforma - platform container ~ returnabil - returnable container

~ reversibil - reversing container ~ sigilat - sealed container ~ standardizat - standardized/ISO container ~ stivuibil - stowable cargo container ~ -slep - floating barge container ~ - tanc - tank container containeriza v.t. to containerize containerizabil adj. containerizable containerizare s.f. containerization ~ ,,chei la chei" - (mar.) pier-to-pier containerization contamina v.t. to contaminate; to pollute contaminare s.f. (a caricului, m special cu apd de mare) (asig. mar.) contamination; pollution ~ cu praf- (a mdrfurilor) dust damage contango s.n. (la bursa de valori, amdnarea achitdrii unei datorii, prin plata unei dobanzi, pand la urmd- toarea lichidare; la bursa de mdrfuri, diferenta dintre pretui spot si pretui forward sau futures) contango, continuation contencios adj. contentious s.n. claim department, disputed claims office, legal/law department contesta v.t. to contest, to dispute ~ o creanta - to dispute a debt, to put a claim in issue contingent s.n. (plafon cantitativ ori valoric al importului sau al exportului unor mdrfuri mtr-o anumitd perioada) quota ~ de export - export quota ~ de import - import quota ~ tarifar - tariff quota contingentare s.f. (corn.) quota system contingentat adj. (corn.) subject to quota restrictions

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102 CON-CON contort, n. counter, meter ~ de apa - water meter ~ de gaze - gas meter ~ electric — electric meter; (care functioneazd cu monede} slot meter contra prep. against ~ chitanta - on receipt ~ numerar la predare - {corn.) cash and delivery ~ tuturor riscurilor - (asig. mar.) against all risks contrabands s.f. 1. (actiune) smuggling, contraband (trade), illicit trade 2. (mar/a) contraband/smuggled goods ~ absoluta - absolute contraband ~ de arme - gun running ~ de bauturi spirtoase - bootlegging ~ de razboi - war contraband, contraband of war ~ ocazionala - occasional contraband a face- - to smuggle, to carry/to run contraband (goods) contrabandist s.m. smuggler, contrabandist ~ de alcool - bootlegger contracambie s.f. redraft contracont s.n. (cont.) contra contract s.n. contract, agreement, deed, covenant ~ aleatoriu - (asig.) aleatory contract ~ anulabil - cancellable contract ~ asupra pretului de navlu - freight agreement ~ bilateral/sinalagmatic - bilateral/ synallagmatic contract ~ -cadru - skeleton contract ~ colectiv de munca - collective labour agreement ~ consensual - consensual contract ~ cu clauze restrictive - tie-in contract

~ cu optiune — (prin care actiuni sau mdrfuri sunt tranzactionate la o data si un pret specificat) option contract ~ cu penalitate fixa - (in cazul cdnd o obligatie contractuald nu este inde- plinitd) fixed penalty bond ~ cu titlu gratuit/fara contraprestatie - nude/naked contract ~ de angajare - employment contract; (mar.) ship's/shipping articles, articles of agreement ~ de angajare pe voiaj - (mar.) voyage-to-voyage contract ~ de agentie/comision - contract of agency ~ de arendare - lease ~ de asigurare — insurance contract ~ de asigurare maritima - marine insurance contract ~ de asociere - articles/deed of partnership, partnership deed ~ de cesiune - deed of assignment ~ de colaborare - (prin care o companie angajeazd o persoand intr-o functie de conducere) service contract ~ de comision - commission contract ~ de cumparare - purchase deed ~ de depunere in consignatie - (a mdrfurilor) contract of consignment ~ de editare - publishing agreement ~ de emisiune - (acord formal intre emitentnl unor obligatiuni fi detindtorii acestora) indenture ~ de exclusivitate - tying contract ~ de imbarcare pe o nava straina - (mar.) foreign agreement ~ de tmprumut maritim - bottomry bond/contract ~ de imprumut maritim cu anga- jarea marfii - respondentia bond ~ de mchiriere - lease

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CON-CON 103

~ de inchiriere a navei - (mar.) charter ~ de inchiriere a navei nude - (fard echipaj fi materiel Ie) (mar.) charter by demise, demise/bare-boat/bare-hull charter ~ de licenta - licence contract ~ de monopol - monopoly contract ~ de munca - labour contract ~ de munca cu specificatia neaderarii sindicale — (sub sanctiunea rezilierii) yellow dog contract party ~ de munca pentru o anumita lucrare - fixed job contract ~ de navlosire - (mar.) charter, charter party, carriage/shipping contract, contract of affreightment/carriage, freight contract/agreement ~ de navlosire brut - gross-form charter ~ de navlosire cu navlu global/ forfetar - lump-sum charter ~ de navlosire curat/fara rezerve/ mentiuni - clean charter ~ de navlosire dus-intors - round-trip charter ~ de navlosire pe termen - time charter - de navlosire pe voiaj - single-trip charter ~ de navlosire pe voiaj e consecutive - consecutive voyage charter party ~ de navlosire pentru caric uscat - dry cargo charter ~ de navlosire tip - uniform charter ~ de reprezentanta - agency contract ~ de societate - memorandum of association ~ de stat - public contract ~ subscriere - underwriting contract

~ de transport al marfurilor pe raspunderea proprietarului - (mar.) bill of adventure ~ de transport in conditii de linie - (mar.) berth charter ~ de transport pentru cereale - (mar.) grain charter ~ de transport pentru ingrasaminte chimice - (mar.) fertilizer charter ~ de transport pentru marfuri generale - (mar.) general charter ~ de transport pentru minereuri - (mar.) ore charter ~ de ucenicie - indenture, articles of apprenticeship ~ de vanzare - bill/deed of sale ~ de vanzare absolut - absolute bill of sale ~ de vanzare conditionata - conditional bill of sale ~ de vanzare-cumparare - bargain and sale, deed of conveyance, private treaty ~ de vanzare in rate - easy terms, hire-purchase agreement ~ deschis de navlosire - (fdra indicarea anticipatd a porturilor si a incdrcdturilor) open charter ~ direct/fara intermediar - direct contract ~ divizibil - (cu obligatii independente unele de altele) severable contract ~ dolosiv - (dr.) fraudulent contract ~ executat/terminat - executed contract ~ executoriu - enforceable/executory contract ~ fiduciar - (dr.) trust deed/ instrument, deed of trust ~ formal - formal contract ~ futures - futures contract

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104 CON-CON ~ global - package deal ~ implicit/tacit - implied contract ~ inactiv — (in care nu au fost trecute numele) dormant deed ~ in antrepriza - (prin care se of era echipament complet si asistentd pentru pornirea imediatd a activitdfii) turnkey contract ~ in curs de derulare - running contract ~ in vigoare - valid contract ~ la termen - forward contract ~ nul si neavenit - null and void contract ~ oneros - onerous contract ~ opresiv - oppressive contract ~ principal de inchiriere - (pentru o proprietate ulterior subinchiriatd) head lease ~ reziliat - void contract ~ secundar - subcontract ~ spot/pentru disponibil - spot contract ~ sub sigiliu privat - contract by deed/under seal, special contract, specialty ~ -tip - standard agreement ~ -tip de navlosire - (mar.) uniform charter ~ unilateral - unilateral/one-sided contract ~ verbal - verbal contract contracte actuale - (ca opus al contractelor futures) actuals ~ financiare futures/la termen - financial futures ~ la termen - (contracte de vdnzare sau cumpa.ra.re de mdrfuri ori active financiare la o data viitoare prestabilitd) futures

a H legat printr-un contract - to be under articles a incheia un ~ - to enter into/to conclude an agreement contracta v.t. (un imprumut, o datorie) to contract, to incur; (o obligatie) to lay oneself under contractant s.m. contractor, contracting party; privy contractual adj. contractual, stipulated by contract contraface v.t. to counterfeit, to forge; to adulterate, to fake up contrafacere s.f. counterfeit, forgery; adulteration, fake contrafacut adj. counterfeit(ed), forged, fake, spurious contragarantie s.f. surety for a surety contragreutate s.f. balance weight, weight equalizer, counterpoise contramanda v.t. to countermand, to cancel, to call off contramandare s.f. countermand, cancellation contramarca s.f. check, counterfoil, heel contraoferta s.f. counteroffer; (la licitatie) counterbid contrapartida s.f. (corn.) countertrade contraprestatie s.f. (dr.) consideration ~ executorie - executory consideration contrasemna v.t., v.i. to countersign contrasemnatura s.f. countersignature contrastalii s.f. pi. (penalizdri) (mar.) demurrage ~ contractuale - liquidated demurrage ~ extraordinare/necontractuale - unliquidated demurrage ~ ocazionate/produse - demurrage incurred, incurred demurrage contratrata s.f. redraft

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CON-CON 105 contravaloare s.f. equivalent value contravenient s.m. offender, contravener, infringer, transgressor, trespasser contraventie s.f. contravention, infringement, trespass contribuabil s.m. taxpayer, ratepayer, contributor, tax bearer contribui v.i. to contribute contributie s.f. contribution; (bdneascd) share, quota ~ la avaria comuna - (asig. mar.) general average contribution, average bond/payment ~ la coliziune - (asig. mar.) (SUA) hotchpotch ~ pentru pensie - superannuation contribution ~ proportionals — (la avaria comuna) rat(e)able contribution control s.n. 1. (financiar, vamal etc.) control; (yerificare) check, checking, checkup; (inspectie) inspection; (exa- minare) examination; (supraveghere) supervision 2. (exercitat de actionarul sau grupul de acfionari care define mai mult de 50% din actiunile unei societdti) control ~ administrativ - administrative control ~ al creditelor - credit control ~ al managementului bancii - (efectuat de banca centrald) bank examination ~ al masei monetare - (exercitat de guvern pentru a limita inflatia) squeeze ~ al navei - (executat de autoritdti) boarding ~ al preturilor - price control ~ al salariilor si al preturilor - wage and price control

~ al statului - state control ~ al venitului/averii - (pentru a vedea dacd se pot acorda unele facilitdti fiscale) means test ~ bugetar - budgetary control ~ contabil - audit ~ de calitate - quality control ~ de pescaj - (mar.) draft/draught survey ~ operativ - (decurgdnd din detinerea a 51% din actiunile unei firme) working control ~ pe loturi standard - standard batch control ~ prin imputerniciti - mandatory control ~ statistic - statistical control ~ tehnic - technical control ~ vamal - customs examination/ inspection/search; (mar.) rummage ~ vamal impotriva contrabandei - contraband control controla v.t. 1. to control; (a verified) to verify, to check up; (a inspecta) to inspect; (a examina) to examine; (a supraveghea) to supervise 2. (conturi) to audit 3. (masa monetard) to squeeze ~ piata - to hold the market controlor s.m. 1. (al unei activitdti etc.) supervisor, inspector; examiner; surveyor 2. (revizor contabil) auditor 3. (director economic) controller, comptroller ~ al cantitatii - (in constructii) quantity surveyor ~ de bilete - (c.f.) ticket collector; (in autobuz) ticket inspector ~ de calitate - inspector ~ de masuri si greutati - surveyor of weights and measures

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106 CON-COO ~ vamal - preventive officer, searcher, landwaiter ~ vamal de bagaje - luggage inspector continut s.n. 1. {al unui recipient) content(s); (capacitate) capacity 2. (al unui document) tenor ~ de umiditate - moisture content conurbatie s.f. conurbation conveier s.n. (bandd transportoare) conveyer, conveyor, conveyer/ conveyor band/belt convenabil adj. (despre preturi) fair; (acceptable acceptable, admissible conventie s.f. 1. convention; agreement; treaty 2. (concordat, acord intre un debitor si creditorii sdi pri-vilor la lichidarea datoriilor priii plata iinei sume mat mid decdt intreaga datorie angajata) (dr.) composition ~ colectiva de munca - collective labour agreement - de reasigurare - treaty reinsurance ~ pentru evitarea dublei impuneri -double tax avoidance agreement ~ po^tala - postal convention " scrisa - agreement in writing conversie v. conversiune conversiune s.f. (schimbarea condi-tiilor initiale ale unui impruinut, emi-terea de noi tUhiri pentru a inlocui alte titluri) (fin.) conversion - a imprumutului in titluri de valoare - (tendinta marilor societdti de a emite titluri de valoare pentru a nu mai recurge la credite bancare) securitization converti v.t. \o convert ~ m numerar — {active, titluri de valoare) to realize convertibil adj. convertible

~ in numerar - (despre active, titluri de valoare) realizable convertibilitate s.f. (fin.) convertibility ~ externa - external convertibility ~ limitata interna - domestic limited convertibility convertire s.f. conversion ~ in numerar - (a activelor, a titlurilor de valoare) realization convoca v.t. (adundri, sedinte etc.) to convene, to assemble, to call together, to summon ~ o intrunire/§edinta - to call a meeting ~ un sindicat bancar - (pentru o subscriere) to assemble a banking syndicate convocare s.f convening, assembling, calling together, summons convoi s.n. convoy - de larg - (mar.) offshore convoy ~ de tragere - (c.f.) truck train ~ fluvial - river convoy ~ maritim - maritime convoy convorbire s.f. conversation, talk ~ telefonica - telephone conversation ~ telefonica interurbana - long- -distance call, toll/trunk call coopera v.i. (la) to cooperate (in) cooperare s.f. cooperation cooperatist adj. cooperative s.m. cooperative farmer cooperativa s.f. cooperative society ~ agricola - agricultural cooperative, communal agricultural organization ~ agricola de productie - cooperative farm ~ de consum - cooperative shop/store, consumers' cooperative society ~ de credit - credit union/cooperative, cooperative bank

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107 coo-cos

~ de credit local - local financial cooperative cooperativizare s.f. cooperativization cooperatie s.f. cooperative system copartaja v.t. to share jointly copartener s.m. copartner coparticipare s.f. (participare a muncitorilor la beneficii sail la luarea deciziilor in intreprinderea in care lucreazd) worker participation copie s.f. copy; (duplicat) duplicate, tenor, counterpart; (a unui document) draft ~ de conosament - (mar.) copy of bill of lading ~ exacta/fidela - fair/true copy ~ legalizata - certified/attested/office copy coproprietar s.m. coproprietor, joint/part owner coproprietate s.f coproprietorship, coownership, joint possession/property corecta v.t. to correct, to amend; to adjust corela v.t. to correlate corelare s.f correlation ~ a nivelului salarizarii - wage level adjustment corespondent s.m. 1. {banca ce actio- neazd ca agent pentru o altd banca care nu are sucursale) correspondent 2. (reporter) correspondent ~ special — (cd unui ziar, al unui post de televiziune) special correspondent corespondenta s.f correspondence: (postd) mail - cornerciaia - business/commercial correspondence ~ sosita - incoming mail corp.5-.,". body ~ de nava - {coca) hull (of a. ship)

~ didactic - teaching staff ~ diplomatic - diplomatic corps ~ si masini - (asig. mar.) hull and machinery ~ si materiale - (asig. mar.) hull and materials corporatism^./?, corporatism corporatist adj. corporatist corporativ adj. 1. (referitor la o corporate) corporative, corporate 2. (constituit sub forma unei corporatii) corporate, corporative corporatie s.f 1. (breasld) craft (guild), guild 2. (societate pe actiuni) corporation ~ colectiva — (cu mai multi membri) (dr.) corporation aggregate ~ exclusiva - (titular, cu personalitate juridicd, al uneia dintre anumite fiinctii publice) (dr.) corporation sole ~ internationala - international corporation ~ inchisa - (detinutd de un numdr mic de persoane) (SUA) closely held corporation ~ multinationala - multinational corporation ~ profesionala - (care plateste impozite) (SUA) professional corporation ~ publica/de stat - public corporation

transnationala - transnational corporation corupe v.t. {a mitiii) to bribe coruptie s.f. corruption cosmetizare s.f. (a unui magazin, a a'iibalajului unuiprodus, a imei situani fmanciare) face lift cosolicitant s.m. (al uniti brevei de iin'eitlie) joint applicant cost.?.??, cost

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108 COS-COS ~ al calitatii pe lot - lot-quality cost ~ al capitalului - (media costurilor comportate de diversele tipuri de capital al unei companii) cost of capital ~ al capitalului propriu - cost of equity ~ al creditului - (dobdndd) cost of credit ~ al datoriilor - (rata dobdnzii noilor datorii emise) cost of debt ~ al depozitarii - cost of storage ~ al emiterii unei emisiuni de obligatiuni - bond issue cost ~ al fortei de munca - cost of labour, wage costs ~ al intretinerii - maintenance/upkeep cost ~ al navlosirii - (mar.) charterage ~ al noilor actiuni comune - cost of new common equity ~ al ofertei de pret - bid cost ~ al opririi productiei - cost of production stoppage ~ al pregatirii lucrului - cost of set- -up ~ al profitului nerepartizat/acumulat - (rata rentabilitdtii solicitate de actionari pentru capitalurile proprii obtinute de firmd prin retinerea fi reinvestirea profitului) cost of retained earnings ~ al recrutarii de personal - cost of recruitment ~ al reformei - cost of reform ~ al schimbarilor de productie - cost of change-over ~ al timpului de intrerupere a productiei - cost of downtime ~ al transportului - carriage, cartage ~ al unei calatorii/curse - fare

~ al unei decizii in detrimentui alteia - alternative (use) cost ~ al unei emisiuni monetare - mintage ~ al vietii - cost of living ~ , asigurare, navlu - cost, insurance, freight ~ , asigurare, navlu, comision si dobanda - cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest ~ , asigurare, navlu si comision - cost, insurance, freight and commission ~ , asigurare, navlu si descarcat - cost, insurance, freight and landed ~ , asigurare, navlu si diferenta de curs de schimb - cost, insurance, freight and exchange ~ comun - (atribuibil mai multor produse etc.) (cont.) common cost ~ constant - constant cost ~ cu valoare determinata - measurable cost ~ curent - (cont.) current cost ~ de achizitie - (al unei societdti) acquisition cost ~ de emisiune - issue cost ~ de inlocuire - (al unui activ) replacement cost ~ de lansare - (a unei emisiuni) flo(a)tation cost ~ de oportunitate - (rata rentabilitdtii celei mai bune investitii alternative disponibile} opportunity cost, transfer earnings ~ de penurie - shortage cost ~ de productie - production/prime/ flat/first cost ~ direct - direct cost ~ economic - (din perspectiva economistului) economic cost ~ efectiv - actual cost

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COS-COT 109

~ estimativ/dupa deviz - estimative/ estimated cost ~ fix - fixed cost; (care nu variazd in funcfie de volumul productief) (SUA) stand-by cost ~ incremental al capitalului - (costui mediu al capitalului suplimentar obtinut in timpul unui an dat) incremental cost of capital ~ indirect - indirect cost ~ initial - original cost ~ istoric - (cost initial al unui activ) historical cost ~ in trepte - (cost fix pdnd ce firma ajunge la un nou nivel de activitate comerciald, cdnd se fixeazd alt cost) stepped cost ~ la mie - (metodd de calculare a cheltuielilor de publicitate pentru fiecare mie de cititori, ascultdtori etc.) cost per thousand ~ marginal/incremental - (costui aferent producerii unei unitdti suplimentare deprodus) marginal cost ~ mediu - (pe unitatea de productie) average cost ~ mediu fix - average fixed cost ~ mediu variabil - average variable cost ~ neabsorbit - (cheltuieli de regie, alocate pentru asigurarea unei activitdti de productie, neutilizate in totalitate) unabsorbed cost ~ orar de functionare a masinii - machine-hour rate ~ pe unitatea de timp - time cost ~ planificat - budgeted cost ~ real - real cost ~ recurent - recurrent cost ~ standard - standard cost

~ suplimentar - extra cost; (pentru tacdm la restaurant) cover charge ~ si asigurare - cost and insurance ~ si navlu - cost and freight ~ total al stocurilor - (raportui dintre costui total de detinere si costui total de comanda) total inventory costs ~ total de comanda - (costui lansdrii unei comenzi) total ordering costs ~ total de detinere - (costurile mentinerii unor stocuri) total carrying costs ~ variabil - variable cost costuri care influenteaza luarea deciziilor - decision-making costs ~ comune -joint costs ~ de exploatare - working costs ~ de reprezentare/mandat - (costuri asociate cu monitorizarea actiunilor administratiei pentru a verifica dacd acestea respectd angajamentele contractuale dintre conducere, actionari si creditor!) agency costs ~ fixe/obligatorii - unavoidable costs ~ la latitudinea conducerii - managed costs ~ sociale - social costs costa v.;". to cost ~ scump - to be expensive, to cost dear, to come high co$ s.n. basket ~ valutar - (grup de volute selectate pentru evaluarea altei valute) basket of currencies, currency basket cota v.t. (la bursa) to quote cotabil adj. (la bursa) quotable, quoteworthy cotare s.f. (bur.) quotation, listing ~ dubia - dual listing ~ la bursa - (stock) exchange quotation, exchange listing

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110 COT-CRE ~ pentru disponibil - spot quotation cotatie s.f. (bur.) quotation; price ~ anterioara - previous quotation

bursiera - (stock) exchange quotation ~ consecutiva - consecutive quotation ~ de deschidere - marrying price ~ de tnchidere - closing price ~ la termen - forward quotation ~ nominala - nominal quotation ~ oficiala - official quotation cota s.f. quota, share ~ a cheltuielilor de capital -(cheltuieli cu amortizarea pentru scopuri fiscale) capital cost allowance ~ a navlurilor - (mar.) rate of freight, freight rate ~ a navlurilor de linie - (mar.) berth freight rate ~ a navlurilor pentru marfuri generale - (mar.) general cargo rate, generals rate ~ de amortizare - redemption quota ~ de export - export quota ~ de import - import quota ~ de profit - share of profit ~ de vanzari - (a unui agent de vdnzari) sales quota ~ impozabila - taxable quota ~ in aur — (cota. de participare, depusd in aur, de cdtre un stat—membru al FMI) gold tranche ~ - parte - share, quota ~ - parte din beneficii - share of the profits ~ procentuala - percentage contribution ~ scutita de taxe - tax-free quota cotidian adj. daily s.n. daily paper cotiza v.i. to subscribe; (ca membru) to pay one's membership dues

cotizatie s.f. due, fee; subscription; levy ~ de inscriere - entrance fee ~ de membru - member fee ~ individuals - (platitd de fiecare membru al unei asociatu) capitation fee cotor s.n. (contramarcd, talon, mated) check, counterfoil, heel, stub crah s.n. crash, bankruptcy, failure ~ bursier - stock exchange crash, market crash ~ financiar - financial crash crama s.f. wine cellar/vault, cellar creanta s.f. debt, claim ~ cesionabila - assignable debt ~ contabila - book debt ~ garantata prin ipoteca - debt secured by mortgage ~ inscrisa in registrul datoriei - debt register claim ~ neprivilegiata/neprioritara - ordinary debt ~ restanta - outstanding claim/debt creante $i angajamente - claims and liabilities creare s.f. creation ~ a marcii - branding ~ de credite - (in economic) credit creation creator s. m. maker; creator ~ de piata - (bur.) market maker credit s.n. 1. credit, loan 2. (coloand in partea dreaptd a fiecdrui conf) (cont.) credit (side) 3. (corn.) trust ~ acordat brokerului - (garantat prin titluri de valoare) broker's loan ~ agricol - agricultural credit ~ bancar - bank credit ~ comercial - commercial/trade credit

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CRE-CRE 111

~ cumparator - (acordat unui cumpdrdtor strain de cdtre banca exportatorului pentru mdrfurile importate) buyer credit ~ de consum - {acordat pentru cumpdrarea de bunuri de consum si servicii} consumer credit ~ de exploatare - working capital credit ~ de export - export credit ~ de investitii - investment credit ~ de refinantare - refinancing credit ~ de scont - discount credit ~ documentar - documentary credit ~ extern - foreign credit ~ fara garantie - (fdrd documente insotitoare pentru o cambie trasd asupra unei band) clean credit ~ furnizor — {acordat cumpdrdtorului de cdtre furnizor) supplier's credit ~ garantat - (prin remiterea de gajuri) secured credit ~ garantat cu active - asset-backed loan ~ ieftin/avantajos - (cu dobdndd scazuta) easy/cheap money ~ imobiliar - credit on real estate ~ international - international credit ~ intern - domestic credit ~ ipotecar - mortgage credit, credit on mortgage; (acordat pentru cumpdrarea sau constructia de locuinte) building loan ~ ipotecar cu rambursare integrals la scadenta - straight-term mortgage loan ~ ipotecar cu rambursari in sume fixe - level payment mortgage ~ irevocabil confirmat - confirmed irrevocable credit

~ in alb — (acordat far a nici o garantie) unsecured credit ~ in aval - (obtinut de o societate- mamd de la propriile filiale) downstream loan ~ in cont curent - (care poate fi utilizat prin retrageri succesive pdnd la o limitd convenita) overdraft; (SUA) current account credit ~ lombard - (credit pe termen scurf acordat prin gajarea unor titluri financiare usor de transformat in numerar) lombard credit ~ marginal - (imprumut oferit de o banca pe baza valorii actiunilor detinute de solicitant) marginal lending ~ mixt - (credit de export acordat in comun de o banca comerciald si de stat) mixed credit ~ mobiliar - credit on personal property ~ multivalutar - (utilizabil, la alegere, in mat multe volute) multicurrency loan ~ nelimitat - unlimited credit ~ neperformant - bad/nonperforming loan ~ pe termen lung - long-term credit ~ pe termen mediu - medium-term credit ~ pe termen scurt - short-term credit ~ pentru activitatea curenta - business loan ~ pentru plata marfurilor achizi- tionate - produce advance/loan ~ personal - (reputafia unei persoane, care ii permite sd obtind mdrfuri pe credit) personal credit ~ preferential - (cu termeni favorabili de rambursare) soft loan ~ prin acceptare — (credit pe termen scurt prin care banca autorizeazd

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112 CRE-CRE clientui sd tragd asupra acesteia cambii pdnd la concurenta limitei fixate} acceptance credit ~ prin cont descoperit - bank overdraft ~ public - public credit ~ - punte/de legatura - (imprumut pe termen scurt pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut permanent) bridge credit ~ rambursabil in rate - installment credit ~ reciproc negarantat - swing credit ~ reinnoit automat - revolving credit ~ scump - (cu dobdnzi ridicate) dear money ~ sezonier - seasonal loan ~ sindicalizat - (ofertd de fonduri fdcutd de mai multe band pentru a sustine un credit mare) syndicated/ participation loan ~ stand-by - (lime de credit pusd la dispozitia unei tdri - sau a Bdncii Nafionale - care se confruntd cu dificultdti temporare ale balantei de plati) stand-by credit ~ transferabil - transferable credit a avea ~ la cineva - to have credit with smb. a avea ~ pe piata - to be a sound man a cumpara pe ~ - to buy on trust a deschide cuiva un ~ - to open a credit/an account with smb. a lua cu ~ - to take on credit a trece in creditui cuiva - to carry to smb.'s credit creditav.?. to credit ~ excesiv - (despre o banca) to overlend

creditor adj. credit... s.m. 1. creditor, lender, loaner; (beneficiar al unui drept de retentie) lienor 2. (cont.') accounts payable ~ comercial - trade creditor ~ cu garantie - secured creditor ~ fara garantie/general/chirografar - unsecured creditor ~ gajist - pledgee ~ garantat prin obligatiuni - bond creditor ~ general - (fdrd drepturi preferentiale) general/ordinary/junior creditor ~ insistent - dun ~ ipotecar - mortgagee, mortgage creditor, encumbrancer ~ in favoarea caruia s-a dat o sentinta executorie - execution creditor ~ in ultima instanta - (rol jucat de banca centrald a unei tdri) lender of the last resort ~ preferential/privilegiat - (ale cdrui creante sunt rambursate prioritar in caz de falimenf) preferential/privileged creditor ~ prin hotarare judecatoreasca - judgement creditor creditori ai unui falit - creditors under commission of bankruptcy crescator s.m. (de vite, animate domestice) breeder ~ de vite - cattle breeder, stockman, stockbreeder creste v.t. 1. to increase; (preturi) to advance 2. (animate) to breed, to rear, to raise; (plante) to grow, to cultivate, to raise v.;. to increase, to escalate; (despre preturi) to advance, to rise, to go up; (puternic; despre preturi) to

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CRE-CRO 113 soar; (despre cursuri bursiere) to trade up; (a se acumula, in special despre dobandd) to accrue; (a se amplified, in special despre decalaje) to widen cre§tere s.f. increase, increment; growth; (a prefurilor) advance, rise, boost; upturn, upswing; (acumulare, mdrirea valorii unui activ prin crestere naturald) accretion; (continud) (cont.) accrual ~ a animalelor - animal breeding/husbandry ~ a cererii pe piata - increase in demand ~ a productivitatii - (mijioacelor de productie prin cumpdrarea de utilaje performante, fdrd a urmdri mdrirea capacitdtii de productie) capital deepening ~ a productiei - expansion of production ~ a riscului - (asig.) increase of the risk ~ a valorii de piata a unei investitii - capital appreciation ~ a vitelor - cattle breeding ~ de capital - (a capitalului social) capital increase ~ economica - economic growth ~ economica consolidata - consolidated economic growth ~ economica durabila - sustainable economic growth ~ economics zero - (situatie in care rezultatele economice agregate si populatia unei tan sporesc simultan, nivelul pe locuitor al indicatorilor sintetici macroeconomici rdmanand constant) zero economic growth ~ excesiva a obligatiilor - overgrowth of liabilities

~ neinflationista durabila - sustainable noninflationary growth ~ periodica - periodical increment ~ procentuala - percentage growth ~ spontana a valorii - (funciare, imobiliare nedatoratd imbundtdtirilor) unearned increment ~ stabilizata a cursului venitului nominal - steady state growth path of nominal income ~ temporara - (a preturilor) boomlet a fi in ~ - to be on the increase a incerca sa provoace o ~ - (a cursului) {bur.) to bull criza s.f. crisis; (depresiune) depression; (a afacerilor) stagnation; (a pietei) stringency ~ de lichiditati - money pressure/ scarcity ~ de supraproductie - overproduction crisis ~ economics - economic crisis ~ financiara - financial crisis ~ petroliera - petroleum crisis ~ structurala - structural crisis a fi in ~ financiara - to come down croaziera s.f. cruise ~ in jurul lumii - global/world cruise cronometror s.m. (salariat insdrcinat cu cronometrarea operatiilor indus- triale) time clerk caprep. 1. with 2. (bur.) cum ~ cu alt proprietar - under new ownership ~ avarie - (asig. mar.) with average ~ avarie particulars - (asig. mar.) with particular average ~ aviz - under advice ~ barare generala - (despre cec) cheque crossed generally

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114 CRO-CUL ~ barare speciala - (despre cec) cheque crossed specially ~ capitalizare - (bur.) cum capitalization ~ cu bucata - (by) piecemeal, by the piece, piece by piece ~ clauze - claused ~ coloane - columnar ~ conditia ca nava sa fie disponibila - (clauza de navlosire) (mar.) subject open ~ conditia sosirii sigure - (clauza de navlosire) (mar.) subject to safe arrival ~ contract - under deed ~ cupon - (bur.) cum coupon ~ data de - under the date of ~ destinatia - (mar.) bound for ~ distribuire - (de dividende etc.) cum distribution ~ dividend - cum dividend; (SUA) dividend on ~ dobanda - cum interest ~ drepturi - (preferentiale la o noud emisiune de actiuni) cum new/rights ~ foi libere/detasabile - (despre calendare, registre etc.) loose-leaf ~ tncepere de la data - as from ~ lichidare la mijiocul lunii - (bur.) per medio ~ lichidare la sfarsitui lunii - (bur.) per ultimo ~ livrare din antrepozit vamal - bonded terms ~ livrare in docuri - delivered docks ~ personal insuficient - understaffed ~ plata taxelor de transport la livrare/destinatie - carriage forward ~ protest - (despre o plata) (dr.) under protest ~ ramburs - collection on delivery ~ raspundere limitata - limited

~ raspundere limitata si capital redus - limited and reduced ~ rise - (asig.) at risk ~ taxa zero - (in sistemul TVA) zero- -rated ~ taxele vamale achitate - duty-paid ~ taxele vamale neachitate - duty- -unpaid ~ tendinta de crestere - (despre piata bursiera) bullish ~ tendinta de scadere - (despre piata bursiera) bearish ~ testament - under will ~ titlu de imprumut - as loan ~ titlu oneros - for value ~ toate beneficiile - (bur.) cum all ~ transportui platit - (pdnd la punctui de livrare) carriage paid ~ transportui platit pana la domiciliul beneficiarului - carriage paid home ~ ziua - by the day cuantums.n. quantum ~ al despagubirii - measure of damages/indemnity ~ al impozitelor locale - ratal cultiva v.t. 1. (pdmdntui) to cultivate, to farm, to till; (in special cereale) to crop, to raise; to grow 2. (ca dijmas) to sharecrop cultivare s.f. cultivation, farming ~ a terenurilor fara irigatii - dry farming cultivator s. m. grower, farmer cultura s.f. 1. culture 2. (agricola) culture, crop ~ alternativa/intercalata - catchcrop ~ mixta - mixed cropping ~ organizationala/a corporatiei - (man.) corporate culture culturi cerealiere - cereal crops

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CUL-CUM 115

~ furajere - forage crops ~ tehnice/industriale - technical/ industrial crops cumpara v.t. 1. to buy, to purchase 2. (actiuni ale unei societati) to buy into; (toate actiunile unei societati) to buy out; (actiuni ale unei societati, incercdnd sa preia controlul acesteia) to buy up ~ angro - to buy wholesale ~ avantajos/ieftin - to buy cheap/low ~ cu amanuntui - to buy retail ~ cu facilitati de plata - to buy on easy terms ~ cu plata in numerar - to buy for cash ~ in cantitati excedentare/prea man - to overbuy ~ in cantitati mari — to buy in bulk ~ in plus fata de capacitatea de a oferi actiuni suplimentare in anumite situatii - (bur.) to overbuy ~ in rate - to buy on the hire-purchase system/on the instal(l)ment plan ~ intr-un moment de scadere - (a preturilor, a cursului) to buy on a fall ~ la licitatie - to buy by auction ~ la termen - to buy for future delivery cumparare s.f. buying, purchasing, purchase ~ a la hausse - (bur.) buying long ~ a pachetului majoritar de actiuni ale unei firme de catre salariatii acesteia - employee buyout ~ a unei societati - buyout - angro/cu ridicata - wholesale purchase ~ cu amanuntui - retail purchase ~ cu plata in numerar - cash purchase, purchase for cash

~ de actiuni pe o piata in crestere - (bur.) averaging up ~ de actiuni pe o piata in scadere - (bur.) averaging down ~ de actiuni pe o piata in scadere - (dacd scdderea atinge un anumit nivel) (bur.) averaging in ~ de articole de uz curent - high- -repeat purchase ~ de proba - (cumpdrdtorul putdnd restitui marfa) sale or return ~ de produse rezultate - (acord de barter prin care exportatorul unor uti- laje acceptd contravaloarea acestora in bunuri produse cu instalatiile respective) buyback ~ de spatiu in mediile publicitare - media buying ~ fara intermediari - (direct de la producdtor sau importator) buying round ~ fictiva — (pentrii a crea impresia cd anumite actiuni sunt foarte cdutate) (bur.) (SUA) wash sale ~ in rate - hire purchase, instal(l)ment buying ~ pe baza de catalog - catalogue buying ~ pe baza de comision - purchase on commission ~ pe credit - purchase on credit ~ sub impulsul momentului - impulse buying cumparari de sustinere - (a cursului) (bur.) supporting purchases ~ speculative - speculative buying comparator s.m. buyer, purchaser, shopper; (dr.) vendee ~ eventual/potential - possible/ prospective buyer ~ ferm - firm buyer

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116 CUM-CUR ~ important - heavy purchaser ~ impulsiv - impulse buyer ~ nenominalizat - (bur.) undisclosed buyer ~ pe o piata - marketer cumparatori fara vanzatori - (bur.) buyers no sellers cumparatura s.f. purchase; pi. shopping a face cumparaturi - to go shopping cumul s.n. (de functii) holding more than one office/appointment, plurality of offices cumula v.t. (functii) to hold a plurality of offices cumulativ adj. cumulative cunoastere s.f. knowledge ~ a sarcinilor/specificului unui post - job knowledge cupiura s.f. (fin.) denomination unit cupon s.n. 1. (atasat unui titlu de valoare la purtdtor) (fin.) coupon 2. (de stofd) remnant ~ de dividende - dividend warrant ~ de dobanda - interest warrant ~ de piata - payment coupon ~ valoric - (oferit in scop promotional pentru obfinerea gratuitd sau cu reducere de pret a unor produse) money-off coupon, trading stamp cuprins s.n. 1. (tabla. de materii) summary 2. (al unui document) tenor curat adj. (fara rezerve/mentiuni) clean curba s.f. curve ~ a acceptarii - (unui produs nou pe piata) adoption curve ~ a cererii - demand curve ~ a consumului - consumption curve ~ a indiferentei - (grafic care reprezintd diferite combinatii ale mai

multor mdrfuri cu calitdti identice si care u oferd consumatorului satisfactie egald) indifference curve ~ a ofertei - supply curve ~ a productiei - production curve ~ a randamentului - (graficul relatiei dintre randamentele si maturitdtile diferitelor emisiuni de titluri de valoare) (fin.) yield curve ~ atipica a ofertei de munca - (grafic care ilustreazd corelafiile dintre oferta de munca. si salariul real) backward bending labour supply curve ~ descendenta - downward curve ~ normala de randament - (referitor la rata dobdnzii titlurilor de valoare) normal yield curve curent adj. 1. (despre an etc.) present, current; (despre lund) (corn.) instant; (zilnic) daily 2. (despre preturi) current; (despre monedd) legal; (despre cheltuieli) running curier s.m. courier, messenger; errand/office boy curs s.n. 1. (de apd) watercourse, river course 2. (valutar/de schimb) rate of exchange, exchange rate 3. (bur.) quotation, price 4. (serie de lectii) course ~ al actiunilor - share price ~ al cecului - (in tranzactiile cu devize) cheque rate ~ al disponibilului/spot - (cursul la care se efectueazd operafiunile la vedere cu valuta) spot rate ~ al pietei - market price/rate ~ al titlurilor de valoare - security price ~ al zilei - quotation of the day ~ central - central exchange rate

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CUR-CUV 117 ~ cu fluctuatie mare - {intre oferta de vanzare si cea de cumpdrare) (bur.) wide price ~ de cumparare - {bur.) bid/buying price ~ de deschidere - (bur.) opening price ~ de emisiune - issue price ~ de interventie - (al bdncii centrale pepiata valutard) intervention points ~ de inchidere - {bur.) closing price ~ de panica/foarte scazut - {bur.) panic price ~ de schimb/valutar - rate of exchange ~ de schimb dirijat - managed exchange rate ~ de schimb fix - fixed exchange rate ~ de schimb fluctuant - floating exchange rate ~ de schimb tncrucisat - {stabilirea cursului dintre doud volute prin raportare la o tertd moneda) cross rate ~ de schimb la termen - {cursul la care se efectueazd operatiunile valutare la termen) forward rate ~ de schimb oficial - official exchange rate ~ de schimb real - real/fair exchange rate ~ de schimb sustinut - {de guvern) peg ~ de tranzactie - {bur.) trading price ~ de vanzare - {al valutei) selling rate ~ direct - {curs de schimb exprimat ca raport intre moneda nafionald si una strdind) direct quotation ~ la bursa neoficiala - kerb/street price ~ la care brokerul s-a angajat sa vanda — {pentru a evita pierderi mai mari) stop price

~ mediu - {bur., fin.) middle price/rate ~ neoiicial de schimb - unofficial rate of exchange ~ nominal - nominal price ~ prin corespondenta - correspondence course ~ serai - evening classes cursuri de schimb cu fluctuatie libera - freely floating exchange rates ~ de schimb multiple - multiple exchange rates cursa s.f. 1. {a unui vehicuf) drive, ride; {a navei) (sea) voyage, course (of a ship) 2. (parcurs) haul ~ lunga - {mar.) long course, deep- -sea/distant trade, distant cruise ~ regulata - {mar.) trade curtaj s.n. courtage, brokerage, stockbroking curte s.f. {dr.) court ~ de apel - court of appeal, appellate court ~ de arbitraj - court of arbitration, arbitration court ~ de casatie - court of cassation ~ de conturi - audit office ~ suprema - supreme court curtier s.m. broker custode^.m. custodian; caretaker custodie s.f. custody ~ sigura - {serviciu bancar) safe custody cutie s.f. box, bin; {ladd) case; {de conserve) tin, can ~ metalica pentru depozitarea de valori - {la bancd) safe deposit box cvasibani s.m. pi. quasi-money, nearmoney cvasicontract^.n. quasi-contract cvasimonopol^.n. quasi-monopoly cuvant^.n. word

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118 CUV-CVO

cuvintele nu corespund cifrelor - cvorums.fi. quomm (formula pe un cec) words and figures a avea ~- to have a quorum do not agree a constitui un ~ - to form a quorum

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D

da v.t. 1. to give; {(imp, bani) to allow; (a o/er;) to offer 2. (a acordd) to bestow/to confer upon smb., to grant 3. (a inmdna) to hand over 4. (mapoi) to give back, to return; (ceva furat) to restore 5. (gratis) to give away 6. (o recolta) to yield 7. (cdrtile de joc) to deal 8. (o sentintd) to adjudicate, to award - ajutor - to render assistance ~ chitanta - to receipt ~ faliment - to go bankrupt/into liquidation ~ garantie - to give/to provide security - in exploatare - to commission - un acont — to pay an account - un aviz competent - to give an expert opinion dactilografa s.f. typist - de facturi - invoice typist dactilografia v. t. to type dactilografie s.f. typewriting dana s.f. berth, mooring berth, berth space - de acostare - quay berth ' de antrepozitare - (pdna la plata taxelor vamale) sufferance wharf - de chei - quay berth - de descarcare - discharging berth ~ de incarcare - loading berth ~ de minereu - ore berth ~ de pasageri - passenger berth/wharf ~ pentru petroliere - (oil) tanker berth - pentru §lepuri - lighter berth -- plutitoare - landing stage, pier barge pregatita - ready berth

~ sigura - (pentru operarea navel) good/safe berth dar s.n. present, gift dara s.f. (taro) tare dare s.f. giving ~ de seama - (cdtre un superior) report; (statistics) (official) returns; (protocol,) minutes; (relatare) account (rendered), statement of accounts data v.t., v.i. to date data s.f. 1. (calendaristica) date 2. (limita) term 3. (oara) time 4. (notiune fundamentala, cantitate de informatie prelucratd de calculator) datum; pi. data ~ a intrarii in vigoare - effective date ~ a po$tei - date as postmark ~ a scadentei - date of maturity, due date ~ contractuala - contract date ~ de acostare la dana - alongside date ~ de anulare/reziliere - (a contrac- tului) cancelling date ~ de expediere - (a mdrfii) (mar.) date of shipment ~ de facturare - date of invoice ~ -de incarcare - date of loading; (mar.) stem/stemming date ~ de inregistrare - entry date ~ de livrare - date of delivery, delivery date '- de plata - date of payment ~ de plecare — (a navei in cursa) date of departure/sailing, sailing date ~ de sosire - (a navei) date of arrival ~ - limita - term day

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120 DAT-DAT

~ probabila de descarcare - expected discharging date date compuse - (care grupeazd infor- matii din mai multe sectoare, domenii) composites ~ la dispozitia conducerii - (sub forma diverselor rate si raporturi) management ratio ~ oficiale - official data ~ statistice - statistical data ~ tabulare - tabular data dator adj. 1. indebted (to), owing money, (involved) in debt 2. (angajat fafd de) under an obligation (to), obliged (to) a fi ~ - to be in debt datora v.t. to owe datorat adj. owed; owing, due datorie s.f. 1. debt; indebtedness; (arierate, datorii restante) arrears 2. (obligafie) obligation, liability 3. (ipoteca) encumbrance ~ consolidata - (datorie pe termen lung a unei tdri sau a unei alte comu- nitdti publice sub forma imprumutu- rilor pe termen lung) consolidated/ funded/permanent debt ~ cu termenul expirat - stale debt ~ curenta - current debt ~ de onoare - debt of honour, honorary debt ~ exigibila outstanding debt ~ extern a - external debt ~ flotanta - (datorie pe termen lung a unei tdri sau a unei alte comunitdti publice sub forma de credite bancare, bilete la ordin sau bonuri de tezaur cu scadente foarte apropiate} floating debt ~ inexigibila - unclaimable/undue debt

~ insolvabila - (confirmatd prin hotdrare judecdtoreascd) judgement debt ~ ipotecara - mortgage debt ~ neconsolidata - unconsolidated/ unfunded debt ~ nelichidata - unliquidated debt ~ neperformanta - bad debt ~ nerecuperabila - irrecoverable debt ~ nesigura - doubtful debt ~ neta - net debt '- piramidala - (contractarea de datorii succesive pentru rambursarea datoriilor anterioare) pyramid debt ~ preferentiala/privilegiata - (pidtitd integral, in caz de faliment, maintea altor datorii') preferential/privileged/ senior debt ~ prescrisa - statute - barred debt ~ publica - public debt ~ publica externa - external public debt ~ publica interna - internal public debt ~ publica neproductiva -(componentd a datoriei publice cauzatd mai ales de cheltuielile neproductive legate de rdzboi) deadweight debt ~ publica productiva/reproductiva -(imprumut investit de stat in active productive) living/productive/ reproductive debt ~ restanta - outstanding debt ~ secundara — (datorie care se achitd numai dupd ce au fost acoperite obligatiile fata de detindtorii de actiuni preferentiale) subordinate debt ~ veche - debt of old standing, old--standing debt claimable/due/ datorii acumulate/restante - backlog of debts

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DAT-DEA 121 ~ de razboi - war debts ~ externe - (datorii ale unei societdti cdtre institutii sau persoane fizice, altele decaf actionarii ei) external liabilities ~ sigure - (care vorfi sigur achitate) good debts a face ~ - to run into debt, to incur debts a fi inglodat in ~ - to be over head and ears in debt a nu mai avea ~ - to be out of debt a se achita de ~ - to get out of debt datornics.m. debtor dauna s.f. 1. (paguba) damage; (pierdere) loss; {prejudicing prejudice, harm 2. (dr.) tort 3. (despdgubire) indemnification, compensation; pi. (despdgubiri bdnesti) damages ~ corporala - damage to persons ~ delictuala - malicious damage ~ materiala - damage to property ~ pretinsa - alleged damage ~ prin aruncarea peste bord - (a bunurilor navel) (mar.) damage by jettison ~ prin frecarea marfurilor - (in timpul transportuhii) chafe ~ prin incendiu - damage by fire ~ prin manipulare - damage by handling ~ produsa/ocazionata - damage done/ incurred daune cauzate de circulatie §i accidente - traffic and accident loss ~ compensatory - compensatory damages ~ contractuale - penalty for non-performance of contract, liquidated damages

~ evaluate subiectiv - (asig.) sentimental damages ~ exemplare/agravate/punitive - (dr.) exemplary damages ~ generale - general/ordinary damages ~ indirecte - (oferte drept compensate pentru nerespectarea obligatiilor con-tractuale) indirect/consequential damages ~ -interese - recovery of damages, damages ~ morale - moral prejudice ~ necontractuale - (stabiHte de instanta) damages at large, unliquidated damages ~ neinsemnate/nule - (stabilite de instanta) contemptuous damages ~ nominale/minore - nominal damages ~ partiale — (prin risipirea, deterio-rarea mdrfii) pickings ~ probabile - prospective damages a acorda ~ - to award damages a actiona in judecata pentru a obtine ~ - to sue for damages a obtine ~ - to recover damages deprep. 1. of 2. with, for, through ~ -a lungul bordului navei - (referitor la predarea sau primirea mdrfii) alongside ship ~ la data - after date ~ ocazie - second-hand ~ proba - on sale or return ~ serviciu - on duty ~ vanzare - on sale, under offer dealer s. m. dealer ~ autorizat - authorized dealer ~ de titluri de valoare - dealer in securities deasviprsi prep. above

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122 DEA-D; : ~ liniei - (termen contabil care se referd la anumite articole din contui de profit si pierderi si care apar deasupra liniei profitului net in declaratia de profit si pierderi; parte a bugetului de marketing pe care compania o cheltu-ieste pentru a-si face publicitate in mass media) above the line debarca v.t. (mdrfuri) to unload, to discharge, to unship; (pasageri) to land, to disembark, to set/to put ashore; (pasageri din autobuz) to set down debarcader s.n. landing stage/pier/ place, wharf debit s.n. 1. (datorie) debit 2. (coloana din partea stangd a nnui cont, in care se inregistreaza elementele si sporurile de activ, respectiv reducerile de pasiv) {cont.) debit side, red 3. (vdnzare cu amanuntui) sale by retail 4. (tutun- gerie) tobacco shop, tobacconist's; (de ziare) news stall/stand 5. (de curs de apd) flow, discharge debita v.t. 1. (a inscrie o sumd in debitui unui cont) to charge smth. to smb.'s account, to debit smb. with 2. (a vinde cu amanuntui) to retail, to sell by retail debitor adj. debit... s.m. debtor; (declarat de instantd) judgement debtor; (supus unui drept de retentie) lienee ~ care fuge de creditori - (pentru a se eschiva de la plata datoriilor) fly-by- -night ~ executat - (cdruia i se aplicd un sechestru) distrainee ~ gajist - pledger, pledger ~ insolvabil - insolvent debtor ~ ipotecar - mortgage debtor, mortgager, mortgagor

~ in incapacitate de plata - debtor -- default ~ principal - principal/chief/prima- debtor ~ rau platnic - bad debtor ~ solvabil - solvent debtor debitori diverse - sundry debtors a fi debitor - to be in the red debloca v.t. (fonduri) to unfreeze. :; release deblocare s.f. (eliberare) releas,: unfreezing ~ de fonduri - release of funds debu§eu s.n. (corn.) market, outle'- opening ~ pe piata vanzarilor cu amanuntui - retail outlet ~ potential - potential market/outlet a gasi un ~ - to find a market decalaj s.n. gap, time lag ~ de randament - (diferenta dintr: randamentui mediu al actiunili:' comune si eel al titlurilor de valoare •:.-. prima clasa) {bur.) yield gap ~ deflationist - deflationary gap ~ economic - economic gap ~ tehnologic - technological gap decadea v.i. (din drepturi) (dr.) i; lapse decadere s.f. (din drepturi) (dr incapacity, lapse decerna v.t. (un premiii) to award (to;. (un titlu) to confer (on) decimal adj. decimal decizie s.f. 1. decision, resolutior- 2. (dr.} judgement, sentence, award; !- jiiratilor) verdict given/returned by the jury ~ arbitrala/de arbitraj - (a unu. tribunal de arbitraj) (arbitration) award ~ colectiva - group decision

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DEC-DEC 123 ~ de inculpare/punere sub acuzatie - (luatd de curtea cujuri) true bill ~ de sistare temporara a tranzac- tionarii actiunilor unei societati - (bur., dr.) distringas ~ definitiva - ultimate decision ~ economica - economic decision ~ economica strategica - strategic economic decision ~ economica tactica - tactic economic decision ~ irevocabila - decision beyond/past recall declara v.t. to declare; (in vama) to enter; (venitui) to return ~ avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) to declare general average ~ nul si neavenit - to declare null and void, to invalidate, to annul ~ recurs - to appeal declarant s. m. declarant ~ vamal - custom-house/customs broker declarare s.f. declaration ~ a avariei comune - (asig. mar.) declaration of general average ~ a marfurilor in vama - entry of goods ~ in stare de faliment - adjudication of bankruptcy declaratie s.f. 1. declaration; statement 2. (scrisd, subjurdmdnt) (dr.) affidavit ~ a carausului - (privind starea mdrfii) carrier's statement ~ asupra valorii marfii in tara de origine - home value declaration ~ autentificata - (dr.) acknowledg(e)ment ~ consulara - consular declaration ~ de abandon - (mar.) notice of abandonment

~ de bagaje - (la vama) baggage declaration/sufferance ~ de export a incarcatorului - shipper's export declaration ~ de faliment - declaration of bankruptcy ~ de impunere/venituri - return of income, tax return, earnings statement ~ de solvabilitate - declaration of solvency ~ de valoare - declaration of value ~ falsa - misrepresentation ~ pentru achitarea taxelor vamale - duty-paid entry ~ pentru marfuri scutite de taxe vamale - free entry ~ vamala - entry, declaration of duty, customs declaration ~ vamala a echipajului - (mar.) crew's customs declaration ~ vamala asupra continutului - declaration of the contents ~ vamala de antrepozitare - entry for warehousing ~ vamala de iesire/plecare - (mar.) outwards entry, entry outwards ~ vamala de intrare/sosire - (mar.) inwards entry, entry inwards, bill of entry ~ vamala de import - import entry

vamala de transbord -transshipment entry ~ vamala de tranzit - transit entry - vamala finala - final/closing declaration ~ vamala initiala - prime entry ~ vamala preliminara - imperfect/ preliminary/sight entry, captain's (imperfect) entry ~ vamala provizorie - bill of sight ~ vamala suplinientara - postentry

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124 DEC-DEF declin s.n. (al activitdtii economice, al productiei etc.) decline decont s.n. deduction, discount from a sum paid sau to be paid ~ de cheltuieli - defraying of expenses, reimbursement decontav.f. to settle decontare s.f. settlement ~ bancara - banking settlement ~ frauduloasa - fraudulent settlement ~ prin acreditiv - settlement by letter of credit ~ prin virament - settlement by transfer decorator s. m. decorator ~ de vitrine - window dresser decret s.n. decree; charter; (legiferare) enactment ~ -lege - decree law, executive order decreta v.t. to decree; to charter; (a legifera) to enact decupla v.t. (o instalatie) to shut down decuplare s.f. (a unei instalatii) shutdown decuplat adj. out-of-work decurge v.i. (despre un contract) to run on deduce v.t. to deduct deducere s.f. deduction ~ a dobanzii - interest deduction ~ a tarei - tare allowance defaica v.t. 1. (dintr-un intreg) to deduct 2. (a analiza, a impdrti in pdrfile componente) to break down defalcare s.f. 1. {dintr-un intreg) deduction 2. (analizare, impdrtire in pdrtile componente) breakdown ~ a componentelor postului - job breakdown ~ forfetara - standard deduction

defect s.n. defect; fault; (neajuns) drawback, shortcoming adj. out-of- -order, defective; out-of-repair, in disrepair ~ ascuns - latent defect ~ de fabricatie - fault of fabrication defectoscop s.n. fault detector/finder/ locator, flaw detector defectoscopie s.f. fault detection defectuos adj. faulty, defective, deficient; imperfect adv. faultily, defectively defectiune s.f. failure, breakdown deficienta s.f. deficiency deficit s.n. 1. deficit; shortage, shortfall 2. (la cantor) shortness of) weight ~ al balantei comerciale - balance of trade deficit, external deficit ~ al balantei de plati - balance of payments deficit ~ bugetar - budget deficit ~ de rezerve - (rezervele unei band care scad sub nivelul cerut de lege) deficient reserves, reserve deficiency ~ de tonaj - (mar.) shipping deficit deficite gemene - (fin.) twin deficits a acoperi un deficit - to cover/to make good/to supply a deficit a fi in ~ - to have a deficit, to be in the red deficitar adj. short; (despre buget) adverse; (despre mdrfuri) scarce; (despre un an agricol) lean a fi ~ - to be in short supply definire s.f. defining; definition ~ a obiectivelor - (man.) goal definition deflator s. m. (fin.) deflator deflatie s.f. (fin.) deflation, disinflation deflationist adj. deflationary. disinflationary

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DEF-DEP 125 defrauda v.t. to defraud, to embezzle, to defalcate, to peculate defraudator s.m. defrauder, embezzler, defaulter, peculator defri§a v.t. (yn teren) to clear, to grub, to reclaim; (opddure) to clear defrisare s.f. (a unui teren) clearing, grubbing, reclamation; (a unei pdduri) clearing degrada v.r. (despre calitate) to go down degresiv adj. degressive degreva v.t. (de obligatu, datorii) to relieve, to remit; (de sarcini ipotecare, de gaj) to disencumber degrevare s.f. (de obligatu, datorii) relief, remission; (de sarcini ipotecare, de gaj) disencumbrance ~ de dubia impunere - (evitarea platii unui impozit pentru acelasi venit in doud tdri) double taxation relief delapida v.t. to embezzle, to defalcate, to defraud, to peculate delapidare s.f. embezzlement, defalcation, peculation delapidator s.m. embezzler, defalcator, defrauder, peculator delcredere s.n. (corn.) del credere delega v.t. to delegate, to depute delegat s.m. delegate; (imputernicit) mandatory; (loctiitor) deputy; (reprezentant) representative delegatie s.f. 1. (mandat) commission, authorization, mandate, delegation; (misiune) mission 2. (grup) delegation 3. (document) certificate ~ de autoritate - devolution of authority ~ economics - trade mission delict s.n. offence, delinquency, misdemeanour; (financiar) delinquency

demisie s.f. resignation a-i da/a-§i inainta demisia - to resign, to send in/to hand in/to tender one's resignation demisiona v.i. to resign, to quit, to send in/to hand in/to tender one's resignation demisionar adj. resigning; vacating; (despre tin cabinet guvernamental) outgoing 5. m. resigner demite v.t. to dismiss, to remove, to discharge (from function/office) demitere s.f. dismissal ~ nejustificata/injusta - wrongful dismissal democratiza v.t. to democratize democratic s.f. democracy ~ industrials - (participarea munci- torilor la luarea deciziilor in intre- prinderea unde lucreazd) industrial democracy demonetiza v.t. (a retrage din circulatie o bancnotd, o monedd) to demonetize v.r. (a se devalorizd) to devaluate demonetizare s.f. 1. (retragere din circulatie a unei bancnote, a unei mo- nede) demonetization 2. (devalorizare) devaluation densitate s.f. density ~ de stivuire - tightness ~ in gramada - bulk weight denumi v.t. to name, to denominate denumire s.f. name, denomination ~ a firmei - firm/trade name ~ a marcii - brand name ~ a marfii - denomination of the goods ~ a postului -job title ~ inregistrata - (a firmei) registered name depanav.f. to repair

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DEP-DEP depanare s.f. 1. repair 2. (serviciu) emergency repairs, breakdown service depanator s.m. breakdown mechanic departament.s.n. department ~ autonom — (imitate in interiorul unei organizatii care este responsabild de propriul sdu profit) (man.) profit centre ~ central/de coordonare - staff department ~ de control - (unitatea centrald a unei band care verified toate tranzac- tiile efectuate) proof department departamental adj. departmental depa§i v.t. to exceed; (o suma, o cifrd) to top; (concedinl, o perioadd de timp) to overstay; (contui in bancd) to overdraw dependents s.f. dependence ~ de resurse - (asistentd financiard, furnizare de materii prime etc.) (man.) resource dependence deponent s.m. 1. (de mdrfuri pe baza de contract) bailor 2. (care constitute un depozit bancar) depositor ~ pentru avaria comuna - (asig. mar.) general average depositor deport s.n. (bur.) backwardation deposeda v.t. (de) to dispossess (of); (ilegal) to disseise (of) deposedare s.f dispossession; (ilegald) disseisin depou s.n. depot ~ de locomotive - roundhouse ~ de tramvaie - tramway shed depozit s.n. 1. warehouse, storehouse, storage yard, depot, repository; (de tranzit) entrepot 2. (bancar) (bank) deposit 3. (dr.) (sumd de bani depusd pentru plata unei datorii) tender; (de bunuri in garantie) bailment

~ al expeditorului de marfu ^ - (mar.) consignor/shipping depot ~ angro - wholesale warehouse ~ bancar - bank deposit ~ cu preaviz/avizarea retragerii - deposit at notice ~ de cherestea - timber yard; (SUA lumberyard ~ de marfa - warehouse ~ de materiale - supply depot ~ de minereuri - ore yard ~ de tranzit - entrepot warehouse ~ descoperit/in aer liber - open depo: ~ m valuta - foreign deposit ~ la cerere - deposit at call, demanc. call deposit ~ la import - (forma de restrictie - importurilor prin care importator^ este obligat sd 'depund temporar .- banca centrald un procent din valoare- importului) import deposit ~ la termen - time/term deposit ~ la vedere - sight deposit ~ pe chei - quay warehouse ~ pe termen lung - deposit at loot notice ~ pe termen scurt - deposit at she notice ~ pentru containere de schimb - container stock holding depot j ~ plutitor - storage vessel, floatMBi storage/warehouse ~ portuar - dock storage, qc warehouse depozite ale bancilor comerciale -i banca centrald) bankers' deposits ~ bancare prealabile - (cerute ; importator ca forma, a barter comerciale nontarifare) prior deposiBfc| ~ interbancare - (fonduri depuse bancd de alte band) interbank depc

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DEP-DEP 127 depozita v.t. 1. to deposit, to store, to stock, to warehouse; (in antrepozite vamale) to bond 2. (acte, valori pentru pdstrare) to lodge ~ marfuri pe chei - to wharf depozitar s.m. 1. (consignatar) depositary, bailee 2. (agent imobiUar sau impiiternicit care define banii cumpdrdtoruliii unei proprietdti pentru a-i transmite vdnzdtorului) stakeholder depozitare s.f. storage, storing, warehousing ~ de lunga durata - long-term storage ~ de marfuri paletizate - palletized storage ~ externa/pe termen - (metodd de finantare a stocurilor prin care acestea sunt depozitate la sedhd firmei creditoare) (fin.) field warehousing ~ in aer liber - outside/outdoor storage ~ in compartimente frigorifice - freezer storage ~ in containere - container storage ~ in stoc - (de mar/a, materii prime) buying forward, forward buying ~ in tranzit - transit storage ~ in vrac - bulk storage ~ pe chei - wharfage ~ temporara - temporary storage depozitat adj. deposited, stored; (in antrepozite vamale) bonded, in-bond depozitie s.f. (dr.) deposition, testimony, evidence; (sub jurdmdnt) affidavit deprecia v.t. (a subevalud) to undervalue, to disvalue, to underrate v.t., v.r. (a devaloriza) to depreciate, to devaluate, to devalue, to recede; (moneda prin aliere etc.) to debase; (timbre) to deface, to cancel

depreciere s.f. (subevah-iare) undervaluation, underrating; (devalorizare) depreciation, devaluation; (monetard prin aliere etc.) debasement; (a tim-brelor) defacement ~ monetara - currency/monetary depreciation depresiune s.f. depression ~ economica - economic depression/ slump ~ economica cu inflatie - slumpflation depunator^.w. depositor depune v.t. 1. (bani in banca) to deposit, to bank, to consign 2. (o declaratie vamala) to enter; (o plangere, un protest) to lodge, to enter; (o cerere) to hand in, to file 3. (jiirdmdntid; despre functionari) to be sworn in 4. (mar/a in garantie) to bail ~ bani la banca - to put/to deposit money in the bank, to lodge money at the bank ~ declaratie vamala de intrare - to enter inwards ~ declaratie vamala de plecare - to enter outwards ~ garantie - to give a bail/guarantee, to deposit a guarantee ~ marturie - to give evidence, to testify depunere s.f. 1. (de bani in banca) deposit; consignment 2. (a unei decla-ratii vamale) entering; (a unei plangeri, a unui protest) lodging, entering 3. (de marfd in garantie) bailment ~ cu preaviz/avizarea retragerii -deposit at notice, notice deposit ~ la cerere - deposit at call, demand/ call deposit ~ la vedere - sight deposit

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DEP-DES 128

dereglementare s.f. (eliminare a regle-mentdrilor) deregulation derelict s.n. (navd abandonatd) derelict derivat s.n. (produs secundar/auxiliar) by(e)-product derula v.t. 1. (o hartd, un document etc.) to unroll, to spread out; (un cabin) to unwind, to unreel, to uncoil 2. (un contract, o afacere) to carry on descalifica v.t. (a lipsi de calitatea/ dreptui de) (dr.) to disqualify descalificare s.f. (pierdere de drepturi civile si politico) (dr.) disqualification descarca v.t. 1. (o navd etc.) to discharge, to disembark, to unload; to unship, to land 2. (a bascula, a rdsturna) to dump; 3. (a exonera) to exonerate; (a absolvi, a achita) to absolve, to discharge; (a plati, lichida o datorie) to discharge ~ cu nava in stare de plutire - to discharge afloat descarcare s.f. 1. (a unei nave etc.) discharge, discharging, disembarkation, unloading; unshipment, landing 2. (basculare) dumping 3. (exonerare) exoneration; (absolvire, achitare) discharge ~ de marfa in minus - short landing of cargo ~ de pe nava pe chei - ship-to-shore discharge ~ in contui armatorului - gross terms discharge ~ in plus - (fafd de cantitatea din documente) overlanding ~ in port - port discharge ~ in rada - offshore discharge/ discharging/unloading

~ in stare de plutire - (a navL^ discharge afloat, afloat discharge ~ partiala - partial unloading ~ peste bord - overboard discharge descarcat adj. discharged, unloaded; unshipped, landed ~ in minus - (fata de documente) short-landed descarcator s.m. discharger, unloader; (docher) docker, stevedore descentraliza v.t. to decentralize deschidere s.f. opening ~ catre public - (transformarea unei companii particulare/inchise intr-una publicd/deschisd) going public ~ de incarcare - (guri de magazie, saborduri in bordaj) (mar.) loading aperture/opening ~ de tonaj - (la navele cu punte de protectie) tonnage opening descoperi v.t. (un zdcdmdnt) to strike descoperire s.f. (a unui zdcdmdnt) strike descoperit adj. 1. (in cont, credit prin cont descoperit in situatia in care titu- larul a efectuat prelevdri superioare activelor existente sau limitei de credit acordat) overdraft 2. (lipsd de titluri in portofoliu) uncovered position ~ in cont fara garantie - unsecured overdraft descriere s.f. description ~ a brevetului - patent specification ~ a postului - (man.) job description ~ a sarcinilor de serviciu ale unui director sau ale unui specialist - management job description ~ comerciala - (a mdrfurilor oferite spre vdnzare) trade description ~ corecta/exacta - (a unui produs intr-o reclamd) accurate description

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DES-DES 129 desemna v.t. to designate; (intr-un post, ofunctie) to appoint, to nominate desemnare s.f. designation; (intr-un post, o functie) appointment, nomination deservi v.t. 1. (populatia) to serve 2. (un utilaj, o instalatie) to service, to handle deservire s.f. 1. service 2. (a unui utilaj, a unei instalatii) service, handling ~ a unui port de catre caile ferate - railway service to a port desface v.t. \. {un contract) to cancel, to annul, to void, to undo; (un contract de munca) to sever 2. (a vinde) to sell, to market desfacere s.f. 1. (a unui contract) cancellation, annulment, undoing; (a unui contract de munca) severance 2. (yanzare) sale desfacut adj. (neambalat; despre unele mdrfurf) loose desfasura v.t. 1. (a etala) to display, to show 2. (o activitate) to carry on, to unfold desfasurator s.n. (cont.) spreadsheet desfiinta v.t. 1. to abolish, to suppress; (a anula) to cancel, to annul; (a abroga) to abrogate, to repeal, to rescind 2. (un cartel) to decartelize; (o corporate) to disincorporate desfiintare s.f. 1. abolishment, suppression; (anulare) cancellation, annulment; (abrogare) abrogation, repeal, rescission 2. (a unui cartel) decartelization; (a unei corporatii) disincorporation ~ a cuponului — (transformarea unei obligatiuni obisnuite intr-una cu cupon zero) coupon stripping

design s.n. design ~ de mediu - (designul fabricilor si al cladirilor administrative) environmental design ~ industrial - industrial design designer s. m. designer despacheta v.t. to unpack; (baloturi de mar/a) to unbale; (din Idzi, cutii) to uncase despagubi v.t. to indemnify, to com-pensate, to requite; (pentru cheltuieli) to reimburse, to refund; (pentru servicii) to remunerate; (pentru daune, prejudicil) to make amends to despagubire s.f. indemnification, indemnity, compensation, requital, recovery; (legala) remedy; (pentru cheltuielf) reimbursement, refund; (pentru servicii) remuneration; (daune) damages, amends, reparations ~ a pagubelor de avarie ,,ca de obicei" - (asig. mar.) average as customary ~ baneasca/pecuniara - pecuniary compensation ~ in natura - recovery in kind ~ legala - legal remedy/redress ~ pentru accidente de munca - worksmen's compensation ~ pentru rezilierea contactului - smart money ~ stabilita prin acordul partilor - remedy by agreement between the parties ~ stabilita prin proces - remedy by judicial process despagubiri contractuale - liquidated damages ~ cu titlu de penalizare - vindictive damages ~ de razboi - war reparations

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DES-DET 130

~ necontractuale - (stabilite de instanta) damages at large, unliquidated damages a cere ~ - to claim/to recover damages a fi pasibil de plata despagubirilor -to be liable for damages desperecheat adj. (despre un articol) odd, not paired, incomplete destinatar s.m. addressee; (al unei remiteri) remittee, recipient; (al unei plati) payee; (consignatar) consignee destinatie s.f. destination ~ finala - ultimate destination destitui v.t. to dismiss, to discharge destituire s.f. dismissal, discharge ~ ilegala/injusta - unfair/wrongful dismissal destivui v. t. to unstow destivuire s.f. (in vederea descarcdrii) unstowing deseu s.n. waste, wastage, remnant, refuse; (rebut) scrap; (rezultat din transarea unui animal) offal de§euri de bumbac - cotton wastes ~ de cherestea - off-cuts ~ de fier - iron scrap ~ de grau - offal wheat ~ de hartie - off-cuts, paper refuse ~ industriale - industrial wastes ~ radioactive - radioactive wastes ~ reciclabile - reducible wastes ~ refolosibile - utility refuse/wastes detailist s.m. retail dealer, retailer, small trader detalia v.t. to detail; (a specified, a enumera) to itemize deta§a v.t., v.r. (a schimba serviciul/ locul de munca) to relocate deta§are s.f. (transfer, schimbare a serviciuhii/locului de munca) relocation

deteriora v.t. to deteriorate, to impair. to damage; (fata unei bancnote, a unui cec) to deface deteriorare s.f. deterioration. impairment, damage; (a fetei unei bancnote, a unui cec) defacement ~ a capitalului - (situatia in care capitalul unei institutii financiare scade sub nivelul prevdzut de reglementdrile legale) capital impairment ~ a caricului/incarcaturii - (in timpul transportului) cargo damage ~ prin depozitare - (a mdrfurilor} storing damage ~ prin strivire/zdrobire - crushing damage determina v.t. 1. (a stabili, a fixa, a decide) to determine; (a convinge) to persuade, to convince; (a obliga) to bind over 2. (a stabili, a constata) to ascertain; (daunele) (asig.) to adjust ~ calitatea unei marfi - to ascertain the quality of a commodity ~ cre§terea preturilor - to force up prices ~ scaderea preturilor - to force down prices determinare s.f. 1. (stabilire, fixare'i determination; (convingere} persuasion, conviction; (constr anger e\ binding over 2. (constatare} ascertainment; (a daunelor) (asig. i adjustment ~ a costului total al fluxului tehno-logic - (pentru realizarea unui produs} (cont.) process costing ~ a costurilor directe - direct costing ~ a costurilor variabile - variable costing ~ a obiectivelor - (man.) goal setting

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DET-DEZ 131 ~ a preturilor de vanzare pe baza costurilor medii - average-cost pricing ~ a preturilor de vanzare plus o cota marginala fixa - cost-plus pricing ~ a preturilor de vanzare prin tatonari - fixing prices by trial and error deturna v.t. (fonduri) to defalcate, to embezzle, to peculate, to misappropriate deturnare s.f. (de fonduri) defalcation, embezzlement, peculation, misappro-priation, fraudulent conversion detinator.s'./n. holder ~ al dreptului de posesiune pe viata sau pe termen - (dr.) termor ~ al politei de asigurare - (titularul unei polite de asigurare de viata) policy holder ~ al unei autorizatii/licente - licensee ~ al unei fransize - franchiser ~ de actiuni comune - equity holder, common stockholder ~ de certificate provizorii - (de acfiuni, obligatiuni) scripholder ~ de obligatiuni - bondholder ~ pentru valori furnizate - (al unei cambii) holder for value detine v.t. (a poseda) to possess, to own, to hold; (o pozitie, o situatie) to hold ~ un post/o functie - to hold an office detinere s.f. holding ~ de actiuni de catre salariati -(recompensarea salariatilor cu actiuni) (man.) employee shareholding ~ de actiuni pentru administrare -(de catre o persoand fizicd sau juri-dicd, pentru ca proprietarul real sd rdmdnd necunoscut) nominee shareholding

~ ilegala a unui bun - (dr.) detinue ~ reciproca de actiuni - (de catre doud sau mai multe societdti) cross holding, reciprocal shareholding devaloriza v.t. 1. (moneda etc.) to devaluate, to devalue, to depreciate; (moneda prin aliere etc.) to debase 2. (a ieftini) to mark down devalorizare s.f. 1. (monetard etc.) devaluation, depreciation; (a unei monede prin aliere etc.) debasement 2. (leftinire) marking down ~ monetara - currency devaluation/ depreciation devalma§ie s.f. commonage dever s.n. (rate of) turnover, business (done) devize, n. estimate ~ aproximativ - rough estimate ~ centralizator - summarized estimate ~ descriptiv - specification ~ estimativ - estimate of costs, cost estimate; bill of quantities ~ exagerat - overestimate devize s.f. pi. foreign exchange/ currency ~ de cliring - clearing foreign exchange dezacords.n. disagreement, dissent dezarima v.t. (mar.) to break out/bulk dezarimare s.f. (mar.) breaking out/ bulk dezasamblat adj. (alcdtuit din parti componente gata de asamblare) knocked-down dezasortat adj. (despre un articol) odd, not paired, incomplete dezavantaj s.n. disadvantage; (neajuns) drawback,-shortcoming dezavantaj a v.t. to disadvantage

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132 DEZ-DIF dezechilibru s.n. disequilibrium, want/lack of balance; (al balantei co-merciale, de plati etc.) imbalance; (decalaj) gap ~ al balantei de plati - disequilibrium in the balance of payments ~ economic - economic disequilibrium dezeconomie s.f. diseconomy dezeconomii de scara - (fenomen caracterizat prin cresterea pe termen lung a costului mediu dincolo de nivelul optim al productiei) diseconomies of scale dezindustrializare s.f. deindustrial-ization dezinflatie s.f. (proces care se manifestd prin incetinirea durabild si autointretinutd a ratei de crestere a nivelului general al preturilor) (fin.) disinflation ~ competitiva - (care se manifesto atunci cdnd o anumitd tard reuseste sd aibd o monedd puternicd si o inflatie mai redusd decdt cea a tdrilor partenere) competitive disinflation dezintermediere s.f. (procesul prin care intermediarii financiari, de exemplu handle, sunt eliminati din lantui care transferd banii de la creditorul initial cdtre debitorul final) disintermediation dezmo§teni v.t. to disinherit dezmostenire s.f. disinheritance dezodorizare s.f. odour removal dezvalui v.t. to disclose dezvaluire s.f. 1. (pferire de informatii complete, obligatia persoanei care incheie o asigurare de a oferi asigurdtorului toate informatiile referitoare la bunurile sau interesele propuse pentru asigurare) disclosure 2.

(pferite de date confidentiale de cdtre o bancd despre conturile unui client} disclosure dezvolta v.t. to develop; (a imbundtdti) to improve dezvoltare s.f. development: improvement; growth ~ a gamei sortimentale - product development ~ economica - economic development ~ economica durabila - sustainable economic development ~ organica/structurala - (a unei firme) (man.) organic growth ~ umana - human development diagrama s.f. diagram, chart ~ a activitatii - activity chart ~ a circulatiei fondurilor sau a marfurilor - flow chart ~ a operatiilor - procedure chart ~ a organizarii - organization chart ~ a pragului de rentabilitate -breakeven chart ~ a procentului de munca manuala -two-handed process chart ~ a procesului muncii - operating process chart ~ a procesului tehnologic - process chart, flow diagram ~ a stadiului procesului de productie - progress chart ~ de dispersie - (in statistica matematicd) scatter chart ~ de incarcare - (mar.) deadweight displacement scale ~ de programare a proiectului -project planning chart ~ volumetrica de activitate - (pe o anumitd perioada) volume chart diferend s.n. disagreement, difference-dispute, argument

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DIF-DIR 133 diferenta s.f. 1. difference 2. (dintre pretui pe care un dealer de valori mobiliare il oferd pentru titlurile de valoare si pretui la care Ie revinde, dintre preturile pentru livrdrile spot sau futures, dintre cursul de cumpdrare si eel de vdnzare al unei volute, dintre rata rentabilitdtii activelor si costui pasivelor) spread 3. (la bursa de mdrfuri, diferenta dintre pretui de exercitiu dintr-un contract la termen si pretui spot) basis ~ de calitate - difference in quality ~ de pescaj - (asietd) (mar.) draft/draught/trim difference ~ de plata - difference to pay ~ de pret - difference in price ~ de salariu - (pdnd la nivelul salariului de baza) make-up pay ~ in plus sau in minus - difference over or under diferentia v.t. to differentiate v.r. to differentiate, to become differentiated diferential adj. differential; (discri- minatoriu, preferential) discriminating diferentiere s.f. differentiation ~ a produselor - product differentiation dificultate s.f. 1. difficulty 2. (jend financiard) embarrassment, straits, stringency dig s.n. dam, dike, embankment; (la ware) jetty, seawall; breakwater dijmas s.m. peasant on quitrent; sharecropper dijma s.f. (in bani) quitrent; (in naturd, in parte) metayage; (in grdne) terrage, rent paid in corn a lucra in ~ - to sharecrop diluare s.f. dilution

~ a capitalului propriu - (mdrirea numdrului actiunilor existente fdrd cresterea corespunzdtoare a profitului sau a activelor societdtii respective) (bur.) dilution of equity ~ a fortei de munca - (angajarea de muncitori necalificati pentru lucrdri efectuate de obicei de personal calificat) dilution of labour dimensiune s.f. dimension; (mdrime) size ~ speciala - (la confectii) odd size dimensiuni de gabarit - overall dimensions ~ standard de container - container dimensions diminua v.t., v.r. to diminish, to decrease, to slacken diminuare s.f. diminution, decrease, slackening din prep. (vdndut din; despre mdrfuri) (corn.) ex ~ depozit - ex warehouse ~ doc/chei - ex dock/quay/wharf ~ nava — (in portui de livrare) ex ship ~ ordinul si in contui - for and on behalf of ~ uzina - ex factory/mill/works dinamic adj. dynamic(al) dinamica s.f. dynamics ~ economica - economic dynamics diplomat adj. (titrat, cu titlu uni- versitar) graduate, graduated s.m. diplomat(ist) directiva s.f. directive, direction, instruction director s.m. manager, managing director, head manager; (executiv) executive (manager) ~ adjunct - assistant/deputy manager

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134 DIR-DIS ~ al departamentului de contabilitate - accounting manager ~ al departamentului de export - export manager ~ al departamentului de publicitate - advertising manager ~ al registrului de comert - registrar of companies ~ al serviciului de personal - staff manager ~ artistic - art director/editor ~ comercial - business/sales/ commercial manager; (responsabil cu productia si vdnzared) line executive ~ de echipa - (unul dintre principalii manageri ai unei agentii de publicitate, care conduce echipa insdrcinatd cu deservirea unui client) account director ~ de filiala/sucursala - branch manager ~ de investitii - investment manager ~ de productie - production manager ~ de produse - (responsabil cu promovarea si comercializared) brand manager ~ de ziar - editor; (SUA) publisher ~ executiv - executive manager; (SUA) chief executive ~ general - general manager ~ interimar - acting manager ~ - membru in consiliul de admi-nistratie - executive director ~ pentru probleme de calitate -quality manager ~ - proprietar - owner-manager ~ regional - district manager ~ responsabil cu vanzarile pe teren -field sales manager ~ tehnic - chief/head engineer directorate./!, directorship

directie s.f. 1. (conducere\ management 2. (centrala) head office dirija v.t. 1. (a administra, a conduces to direct, to manage, to control 2. (moneda, piata etc.) to control dirijism s.n. state interference disagio s.n. (diferenta dintre valoarea nominald si cursul pietei pentru o moneda. sau un titlu de valoare) disagio discipline s.f. discipline ~ financiara - financial discipline discont s.n. (procent mcasat din valoarea titlurilor de credit de cdtre bancd ca urmare a rdscumpdrdri: acestora inainte de scadentd) discount discontare s.f. (pperatiune prin care se determind valoarea actuald a unm venit viitor, ludndu-se in considerate raportui dintre cererea si oferta de bunuri si active financiare, evolutia costurilor, a tehnologiilor de fabn-catie} discounting discrepanta s.f. discrepancy; (decalaj) gap ~ dintre costuri - (estimate si efective) cost variance ~ statistics - statistical discrepancy discretionar adj. discretionary discrimina v.t. to discriminate discriminare s.f. (comerciald, tarifard) discrimination ~ a fortei de munca - employment discrimination ~ comerciala - trade discrimination ~ de varsta - (la angajare) age discrimination discriminatoriu adj. (despre tarife. preturi etc.) discriminating, discriminatory

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DIS-DIS 135 disimulare s.f. (a activelor de cdtre un falit, a adevaruhd de cdtre un asigurat etc.) concealment disjungere s.f. (a mai multor procese) (dr.) severance (of causes) disociere s.f. (divizarea fluxurilor de numerar de la filiala unei societdti- -mamd in mai multe elemente com- ponente pentru cresterea probabilitdtii existentei unor fonduri in perioade de dificultate economicd) (fin.) unbundling dispasa s.f. (declarable de avarie) (asig. mar.) adjustment, statement ~ conform legilor straine - (din portid de descdrcare, destinatie sail escald) foreign average/statement ~ de avarie - average adjustment/statement ~ de avarie comuna - general average adjustment/statement ~ de avarie particulars - particular average adjustment/statement dispasor s.m. (expert de evaluare a avariei) (asig. mar.) average adjuster/stater/taker dispatch s.n. (timp economisit la incdrcarea sau descdrcarea navei) (mar.) dispatch, saved time dispecer s.m. controller, dispatcher dispensa v.t. (de) to dispense (from), to exempt (from), to absolve (from) dispensa s.f. dispensation, exemption; (speciala) licence disponibil adj. \. available, disposable, ready; (despre un spatiu) vacatable; (suplimentar, excedentar) spare 2. (cu livrare imediata) spot s.n. pi. (mar/a disponibild/cu livrare imediata) spots, spot goods ~ de numerar in banca - cash at bank

disponibilitate s.f. 1. availability 2. pi. (active lichide) (fin.) available/liquid assets, disposable funds ~ de export - export availability ~ imediata - immediate availability dispozitie s.f. 1. (prevedere) provision, stipulation; (ordin) order 2. (dispunere, asezare) disposal, disposition ~ de incasare - collection order ~ de incarcare — loading/shipping order ~ de lucru - (scrisd) job order ~ de plata - payment order ~ de virament - transfer order ~ testamentara - devise dispozitii de suspendare a platii - (unui cec) orders not to pay ~ stricte/riguroase/severe - stringent regulations dispune v.t. 1. (a ordona) to order, to dispose; (a decide) to decide 2. (a prevedea; despre o lege) to enjoin 3. (a aranja) to dispose, to arrange, to set out; (a aseza) to place, to put, to set v.i. (de bani, resurse) to command distanta s.f. distance ~ de calcul al navlului - (mar.) chargeable distance ~ in mile - mileage ~ in iarzi - yardage ~ parcursa in balast - (fdrd mar/a) (mar.) dead mileage distribui v.t. to distribute, to deal/to give/to share out; (proportional) to apportion distribuire s.f. distribution; (propor- tionald) apportionment ~ a resurselor - resource allocation ~ expresa/urgenta - (a postei) special delivery ~ gratuita - free delivery

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D1S-DIV 136

~ selectiva - (a produselor, operatd de producdtor pentru anumiti detailisti) selective distribution distribuitors.m. distributor ~ automat - robot distributor, penny--in-the-slot machine ~ de sarcini - taskmaster distribute s.f. distribution ~ a marfurilor fara intermediari -first-hand distribution ~ a veniturilor - income distribution ~ cu amanuntui - retail distribution district s.n. district; (regiune) region, area distrugere s.f. destruction ~ intentionata - (pentru incasarea asigurdrii) voluntary waste diurna s.f. daily fee/allowance divers adj. diverse, varied, various, multifarious, sundry; miscellaneous s.f. pi. 1. (rubricd de ziar) miscellaneous column; news items 2. (cheltuieli diverse) sundry expenses, sundries diverse si neprevazute - (mentiune la sfdrsitui devizului unei constructii) miscellaneous contingencies diversifica v.t., v.r. to diversify, to vary diversificare s.f. (a liniei de produse, a pietelor de comercializare, a gamei activelor financiare detinute in portofoliu de un investitor in scopul diminudrii riscului) diversification ~ a liniei de produse - line filling ~ a produselor - product diversification ~ a riscului - risk diversification ~ ineficienta - (selectia a 10 pdnd la 15 active intr-un portofoliu) (fin.) superfluous diversification dividend s. n. dividend

~ -actiune - (platit in actiuni supli-mentare si nu in numerar) stock dividend ~ final - (dividendul vdrsat la sfarsilul anului financiar de o societate care a distribuit dividende intermediare) final dividend ~ intermediar/partial - (dividends distribuit periodic in contui dividen-dului final aferent exercitiului financiar in curs) interim dividend ~ neachitat - unpaid dividend ~ nepreferentiaVneprivilegiat (aferent actiunilor comune) ordinary dividend ~ platit prin certificat provizoriu -(care prevede plata in numerar la c data ulterioard specificata) scnr dividend ~ preferential/privilegiat - (aferere actiunilor preferentiale/privilegiate i preferred/preferrence dividend ~ statutar - statutory dividend ~ suplimentar - bonus/extra/special surplus dividend dividende cumulative - (ale actiunilor preferentiale/privilegiate care nu a* fost achitate la scadenta} accumulative cumulative dividends ~ pe actiune - dividends per share ~ platite in numerar - cash dividends divizare s.f. 1. division 2. (a una societdti) demerger; (a unei compans in unitdti distincte pentru a acopefi mai bine diferite sectoare ale piefe^ (man.) divisionalization ~ a actiunii - (mdsurd contabild de crestere a numdrului de actiuni • circulate fdrd emisiunea unor actiias •, not, insd prin divizarea celor existentf'

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D1V-DOC 137 in alte actiuni cu valoare mai mica) share/stock split ~a unei activitati - (in munci/sarcini cu grad egal de dificultate) job dilution divizibilitate s.f. divisibility ~ a factorilor de productie - divisibility of production factors diviziune s.f. division diviziunea muncii - division of labour ~ sociala a muncii - social division of labour dizolva v.t. 1. (parlamentui, o adunare) to dissolve 2. (o companie) to dissolve, to disincorporate dizolvare s.f. 1. (a parlamentului, a unei adundri) dissolution 2. (a unei companii) dissolution, disincorporation dobanda s.f. interest ~ bancara - bank/banking interest ~ bruta - gross interest ~ capitalizata - accrued interest ~ camatareasca - usury ~ compusa - (yenitui sau remuneratia pidtitd sau primitd pentru serviciul unui capital in conditiile capitalizdrii sale, fapt ce implied transformarea dobdnzii primite in capital, calculdn- du-se astfel dobanda la dobanda) compound interest ~ creditoare - (generatd de o creanta) interest earned ~ curenta - running interest ~ de asigurare - (pe care creditorul o primeste de pe urma proprietdtii debitorului pentru asigurarea platii unui credit) security interest ~ de incasat de la clientii insolvabili - interest in suspense ~ debitoare - (pidtitd pentru o datorie) interest paid ~ interbancara - interbank rate

~ intermediara - (care nu este incd scadentd, calculatd de la ultima scadentd pdnd la o zi de referintd care precede viitoarea scadentd) broken--period interest ~ ipotecara - mortgage interest ~ la conturile de depozit - interest on deposit accounts ~ la imprumutui pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe alta - day-to-day rate ~ la vedere - (pentru cecuri si cambii) sight/short rate ~ moratorie - (dobanda datoratd in mod legal sau convenitd in cazul in care un debitor nu si-a achitat datoria la scadentd) default interest ~ neachitata/restanta - outstanding interest ~ negativa - (dobanda perceputd de cdtre o bancd la un cont de depozit pentru descurajarea rezidentilor strain! privind constituirea de depozite) negative interest ~ neta - net/pure interest ~ nominala - (remunerarea efectivd a unui capital in expresie monetard la pretui pietei) nominal interest ~ penalizatoare - penalty interest ~ reala - (venitui sau remunerarea unui capital calculatd prin deducerea inflatiei din dobanda nominala) real/true interest ~ simpla/necapitalizata - simple/ ordinary interest a aduce ~ - to bear/to carry/to pay/to yield interest dobandi v.t. to obtain, to get, to acquire doc s.n. (mar.) 1. (constructie de andocare) dock 2. (bazin portuar) dock (basin), harbour/port basin

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138 DOC-DOM ~ comercial - commercial dock ~ de constructii navale - shipbuilding dock ~ plutitor - floating/flooding dock ~ uscat - dry dock, concrete/graving dock a iesi din docuri - to undock docher s.m. docker, dock/waterside worker, dockhand, docksman, longshoreman, shoreman, loader, lumper, porter ~ de cereale - corn porter ~ de cherestea - deal porter ~ de magazie - hatchman, hatchwayman ~ la copastie - sideman ~ pe chei - wharfman, quay-side worker ~ pe puntea navei - dockman on deck ~ specializat - stevedore doctrina s.f. doctrine ~ economica - economic doctrine document s.n. document, act; (juridic) deed, act and deed, instrument ~ insotitor - accompanying document ~ inactiv — (document/contract in care nu au fost trecute numele) dormant deed ~ justificativ - document in proof, supporting document ~ oflcial secret - classified document ~ original - master copy ~ -sursa - (facturi, note de plata etc.) (cont.) source document documente ale navei - ship's documents/papers ~ comerciale - commercial documents ~ contra acceptare - (mentiune care semnificd faptui cd documentele nu vor fi remise cumpdrdtorului decdt contra

acceptdrii unei cambii) documents against acceptance ~ contra plata - {mentiune prin care se specified faptui cd documentele nu vor fi remise cumpdrdtorului deed: contra plata) documents against payment ~ contra plata in numerar - documents against cash ~ contra prezentare - documents against presentation ~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar. i average papers ~ de expeditie - forwarding documents ~ de export - export documents: (mar.) shipping documents ~ de incarcare - loading documents: (mar.) shipper's papers ~ de lichidare in vama - clearance papers ~ de transport - carriage documents ~ de transport maritim - shipping documents ~ negociabile - negotiable documents instruments ~ vamale - customs documents/papers documentar adj. documentary documentatie s.f. documentation ~ de credit - loan submission do\ar s.m. dollar ~ -marfa - commodity dollar domeniu s.n. 1. (proprietate, mosic domain, estate, landed property; (dr.- demesne 2. (stiintific) field, scope; idr activitate) branch ~ inrudit - related field ~ public - public property ~ regal/al coroanei - crown land domicilia v.;. 1. to reside, to dwell 2. »< fixa locul de plata al unui efect comert) to domicile, to domiciliate

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DOM-DRE 139 domiciliatar s.m. (agent de platd al tinui efect de comerf) paying agent domiciliere s.f. 1. residence 2. (fixare a loctilui de platd al unui efect de comerf) domiciliation domiciliu s.n. 1. residence, abode, dwelling place; (legal) domicile 2. (bancd mandatatd de o societate care a emis titluri de valoare sd efectueze toate operatiunile curente privitor la aceste titluri) paying agent/office; (de platd al unei cambii) domicile ~ ales - address for service ~ de origine - domicile of origin ~ fiscal - residence for tax purposes ~ stabil - permanent residence dona v.t. to donate, to grant, to give donatar s.m. donee, grantee donators.m. donor, grantor, giver donatie s.f. donation, grant, gift dosar s.n. 1. file; record, dossier 2. (al unuiproces) brief ~ activ/in folosinta - active file ~ cu copii de acte/documente - copybook ~ individual - individual file dosare ale salariatilor - personnel files/records dota v.t. 1. (o institute) to endow 2. (a echipa) to equip, to fit out dotare s.f. 1. (a unei institutii) endowment 2. (echipare) equipment; pi. (amenajdri) appointments dovada s.f. evidence, proof; (certificat) certificate ~ a originii - (unui produs) proof of origin ~ de imbarcare a marfurilor - shipping receipt ~ de livrare - (a mdrfii) certificate of delivery

~ de marfuri antrepozitate - warehouse bond ~ de primire - (a mdrfii) dock receipt dozare s.f. dosing ~ in greutate - weight feed drahma s.f. (unitate de mdsurd pentru greutate) dram ~ lichida - fluid dram drastic adj. (despre reduceri bugetare) swingeing drept s.n. 1. right; (privilegiu) privilege, charter 2. law ~ bancar - banking law ~ cambial - exchange law ~ civil - civil law ~ comercial - commercial/mercantile law ~ consuetudinar/cutumiar consuetudinary/common law ~ contractual - contract law ~ contractual de retentie - contract lien ~ de a actiona in judecata - right of action ~ de a bate moneda - free coinage ~ de a executa - (prin judecata) right to enforce ~ de angarie - (mar.) right of angary ~ de autor - copyright ~ de azil - right of sanctuary ~ de control/vizita - (mar.) right of inspection/search ~ de conversiune - (drept prin care obligatiunile convertible emise de o societate pot fi schimbate cu actiuni emise de aceeasi societate) conversion right ~ de folosinta in comun - (a pdmdn- tului, apasunilor) commonage ~ de folosire a macaralelor - (portuare) cranage

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140 DRE-l ~ de gaj - legal lien ~ de gaj fara deposedare - (drept de gaj asupra unui bun fdrd transferul fizic al acestuia cdtre creditorul gajist, transferal de proprietate fund inlocuit prin inscrierea dreptului de gaj intr-un registru) registered lien ~ de gaj imobiliar - real estate lien ~ de greva - right to strike ~ de mostenire - heirdom ~ de mostenire limitat - (succesiune transmisibild pe lima descendentilor masculini saufeminini) tail ~ de munca - right to work ~ de negociere - (a unui contract) bargaining power ~ de optiune - right of option ~ de pescuit - right of fishery, fishing right; (in ape strdine) piscary ~ de preemptiune - (clauzd din contracted de societate si statut care da actionarilor comuni dreptui de a cumpdra proportional noi emisiuni de actiuni comune sau titluri de valoare covertibile in actiuni comune etc.) preemptive right, right of preemption ~ de prioritate asupra ofertei - right of first refusal ~ de privilegiu si sechestru asupra navei in constructie - shipbuilding lien ~ de proprietate - proprietary right, proprietorship, ownership ~ de rascumparare - right of repurchase; (al unui bun ipotecaf) equity of redemption ~ de recuperare - right of recovery ~ de (re)intrare in posesie - {asupra unui teren) right of entry ~ de retentie - (dreptui creditorului de a pdstra o proprietate a debitorului

restant pdnd cand acesta isi aohlfir | intreaga datorie) (possessory) lien , ~ de retentie al armatorului - (asupw ' mdrfil) shipowner's lien ~ de retentie al carausului - camer'l lien ~ de retentie al comandantului - (asupra mdrfil) shipmaster's lien ~ de retentie al vanzatorului - (pass. cand cumpdrdtorul achitd integral. pretui proprietdtii) vendor's hex: seller's lien ~ de retentie asupra actiunilor - hia on shares ~ de retentie asupra marHi - lien OB cargo, cargo lien ~ de retentie asupra navei - bottonny lien ~ de retentie cu privilegiu - senior lien : ~ de retentie de catre agentui Je I asigurare - (a politei de asigurar^\ broker's lien ~ de retentie echitabil - equitable lies ~ de retentie general - general lien ~ de retentie pentru navlu - (mar\ freight lien ~ de retentie pentru plata conti staliilor - (mar.) demurrage lien ~ de retentie pentru pla impozitelor - tax lien ~ de retentie si privilegiu al ec! pajului — (asupra navei si a inca cdturii in cazul nepldtii salariilc seamen's hen ~ de retentie si privilegiu maritim maritime lien ~ de retentie si privilegiu pentt remuneratia de salvare - (mar^ salvage bond/lien

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DRE-DUM 141 ~ de returnare - (a mdrfurilor nevdndute) right of return ~ de semnatura - right/authority to sign ~ de trecere - (pe o proprietate) wayleave; (mar.) right of way ~ de uzufruct - usufructuary right ~ de vanzare - (dreptui executoruhii testamentar de a vinde o parte din masa succesorala) power of sale ~ de vot - voting power/right ~ de vot diferential - (referitor la actiunile care oferd sau nu drept de vot) differential voting ~ dispozitiv - yielding law ~ exclusiv - exclusive/sole right ~ funciar - ground law ~ inalienabil - unalienable right ~ incorporal - (drept de uzufruct cu excluderea dreptului de midd proprietate) incorporeal hereditament ~ intern - municipal law ~ international - international law, law of nations ~ maritim - marine/maritime/sea law, law of the sea ~ maritim comercial - merchant shipping law, law of merchant shipping ~ maritim de priza - maritime/naval prize law ~ maritim international -international maritime law, international law of the sea ~ maritim militar - naval/navy's law ~ natural - equity ~ nerevendicat - unclaimed right ~ penal - criminal/coercive law ~ preferential - preferential right ~ privat - private law ~ public - public law ~ roman - Roman law

~ scris - statutory law ~ succesoral - succession law drepturi civile - civil rights ~ de brevet - patent rights ~ de subscriptie - (drept acordat actionarilor de a participa la cresterea capitalului unei societdti) subscription rights, rights issue ~ fractionare - (drept insuficient de subscriptie pentru a permite sub- scriptia unei actiuni noi in cazul unei cresteri de capital) fractional rights ~ patrimoniale - (drepturi aferente unei actiuni) property rights ~ sociale - (drepturi conferite de statutui de actionar) membership rights ~ speciale de tragere - (instrument monetar international creat de FMI, folosit in principal ca imitate monetard de cont si de rezervd) special drawing rights drum s.n. road; (strada) street; (sosed) highway; (artera) thoroughfare; (ruta) route ~ de §antier - site road ~ maritim - sea route, seaway ~ maritim comercial - shipping lane/route ~ maritim costier - coastwise sea lane ~ oceanic - ocean passage, lane route drumar s.m. roadman dublu adj. double dubia impunere - (taxe duble sau multiple, prelevate de mat multe autoritdti fiscale asupra aceluiasi venit) double taxation dumping s.n. (export de mdrfuri la prefuri inferioare celor de pe piata

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142 internd si mondiald cu scopul de a pdtrunde pe noi piete si a Ie acapara ulterior) dumping ~ in aval/de furnizare - downstream dumping ~ valutar - (bazat pe decalajul creat mtre cursul, micsorat intentional, al valutei nationale a tdrii exportatoare fata de cursul valutei tdrii impor- tatoare) exchange dumping a face ~ cu - to dump duopol s.n. (piatd oligopolistd pe care opereazd doi ofertanti) duopoly duopson s.n. (piatd pe care cererea este restrdnsd, existdnd numai doi cumpdrdtori care pot sd-si impund pretui} duopsony dupaprep. as ~ cum se vede - (fdrd nici un fel de garantie pentru mdrfurile vdndute) as seen duplicat s.n. duplicate, tenor, ditto ~ al unei cambii - duplicate of exchange durata s.f. 1. duration, period 2. (ter- men, scadenta} term ~ a dreptului de autor - duration of copyright ~ a exercitarii - (unei functii) tenure

~ a transportului pe mare - shipping time ~ de depozitare - (cow.) storage/shelf life ~ de executie/derulare a unui contract - contract horizon ~ de exploatare/utilizare - period of service, useful/working life, working service/time ~ de functionare - (service) life ~ de operare - (incdrcare ?i descdrcare a navel} handling time ~ de stationare in dana - (a navel} on- -berth time ~ de stationare in portui final/iD terminal - (mtre sosirea si plecarea unei nave comerciale} tum-around period ~ de uzura - wear life ~ de mare functionare - long life ~ medie de viata - expectation of life, life expectancy ~ probabila de descarcare - (in ztle sau fractiuni de zi) expected' discharging days ~ utila de functionare - useful life duzina s.f. dozen ~ completa - round dozen - mare - (cu 13 bucdti) long/baker^ dozen

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E ecarts.n. deviation; (decalaf) gap ~ de credit - (formula care desemneazd conflictui dintre interesul vdnzdtorului de a-si primi banii cat mai curdnd si eel al cumpdrdtorului de a plati cat mai tdrzin) (corn.) credit gap ~ inflationist - (criteria si indicator de mdsurare a intensitdtii procesidui inflationist) inflationary gap ecartaments.n. gauge ~ de cale ferata - rail(way) gauge ~ mgust - narrow gauge echilibra v.t. to equilibrate; (un buget) to balance echilibrare s.f. equilibration ~ a cererii - (cu nivelul productiei) demand matching echilibru s.n. equilibrium; balance ~ al consumatorului - (nivelul maxim al utilitdtii totale de care beneficiazd un consumator din bunurile cumpdrate cu un anumit venit) consumer equilibrium ~ al pietei - market equilibrium ~ al producatorului - (atingerea echilibrului optim mtre factorii de productie, fapt ce asigurd obtinerea unui volum de productie dat cu costuri cat mai mici) producer/supplier equilibrium ~ al resurselor umane - {stare de concordantd relativd dintre cantitatea, structura si calitatea factorului uman activ disponibil si necesitdtile de resurse de muncd ale utilizatorilor) human resources equilibrium

~ bugetar - (concordanta dintre cheltuielile §i vemturile bugetului public) budgetary equilibrium ~ concurential - competitive equilibrium ~ general — (al pietelor aflate in stare de interdependentd, manifestat prin inexistenta excesului de cerere sau de oferta) general equilibrium ~ partial - (stare de echilibru a variabilelor de pe o anumitd piatd, dintr-un anumit sector, domeniu etc.) partial equilibrium ~ valutar - (concordantd dinamicd intre incasdrile si platile in valuta ale unei tdri intr-o perioadd determinatd de timp) currency equilibrium echipa v.t. to equip, to outfit; (o nava) to man, to fit out echipaj s.n. (de nava) crew, complement, hands; (al unei aeronave) (air) crew ~ complet - full crew/commission/ complement ~ de nava comerciala - shipping personnel ~ redus - reduced complement ~ strain - foreign crew ~ temporar - (care inlocuieste echipajul pe timpul stationdrii novel in port) runner crew ~ trecut in rol - enlisted crew ~ vechi - old commission echipament^.M. equipment, outfit ~ de productie - productive equipment ~ de protectie - overall, protective clothing/outfit

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144 ECH-ECO ~ nefolosit vandut de guvern/stat - government surplus ~ optional - (livrat la comanda) optional equipment echipa s.f. team, group; squad; (schimb) shift echitate s.f. equity ~ a impozitarii - equity of taxation ~ fiscala - fiscal equity echivala v.t. to equate, to equalize v.i. (cu) to be equivalent/tantamount to echivalare ^./equation, equalization echivalent adj. (cu) equivalent (to) s.m. equivalent ~ al numerarului - (investitie pe termen scurt cu grad ridicat de lichiditate si scadentd initiald sub trei luni) cash equivalent ~ general - (elementui fundamental al sistemului bdnesc al unei tdri, etalon de mdsurd a standardului de valoare a bunurilor economice) general equivalent ecodezvoltare s.f. ecodevelopment ecologic adj. ecological, environmental ecologist s.m. ecologist, environmentalist econom adj. thrifty, sparing, saving, economical s.m. (intendent) steward; (administrator) treasurer, bursar econometrician s.m. econometrician econometric s.f. econometrics economic adj. 1. (referitor la economic) economic 2. {econom) thrifty, economical economic s.f. 1. economy; (stiinfe economice) economics 2. pi. savings, sparings, spare money ~ a bunastarii - welfare economics ~ a dezvoltarii - development economics

~ aplicata - applied economics ~ autocentrata - (economic inchisd) self-centred economy ~ capitalists! - capitalist economy ~ casnica - domestic science, home economics ~ centralizata/dirijata/planificata - command/controlled/planned economy, statism ~ clasica - classical economics ~ comparata - comparative economics ~ cu suma zero - (economic in care nu se inregistreazd nici o crestere, venitui unei persoane putdnd sd creased numai prin scdderea venitului alteid) zero- -sum economy ~ de export - export-oriented economy ~ de jaf - (care exploateazd la limitd resursele naturale) robber economy ~ de piata - market economy ~ de razboi - war economy ~ de schimb - exchange economy ~ de spatiu - space saving ~ de timp - time saving ~ de tranzitie - transition economy ~ de troc - barter economy ~ deschisa - open economy ~ descriptiva - descriptive economics ~ feudala - feudal economy ~ forestiera - forest economy ~ involuntara - (de bani blocafi in stocuri de mar/a) involuntary saving ~ inchisa/autarhica - closed economy ~ manageriala - managerial economics ~ matematica - mathematical economics ~ mixta - mixed economy ~ mondiala - world economy ~ monetara - money/monetary economy

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ECO-EFE 145 ~ naturala - natural/barter economy ~ nationals - national economy ~ negociata - {in care resursele sunt alocate printr-un proces institutio- nalizat de negociere intre centre de decizie independente reprezentand statui, firmele, asociatiile patronale si sindicale) negociated economy ~ politica - political economy/ economics ~ reala - real economy ~ regionala - regional economy ~ rurala/agricola - rural economy, husbandry ~ simbolica - (ansamblul operatiunilor economice desfdsurate pe piata mone- tard, financiard - de capital -, valu- tara} symbolic economy ~ sociala de piata - social market economy ~ socialista - socialist economy ~ stagnanta - stagnant economy ~ subterana - hidden/underground/ subterranean/submerged/black economy ~ teoretica - pure economics ~ traditionala - traditional economy ~ voluntara - voluntary saving economii de gama - (proces care se caracterizeaza prin diversificarea gamei de bunuri si servicii oferite si prin scdderea costului unitar) economies of scope, scope economies ~ de scara - (proces care se caracterizeaza prin cresterea cantitdtii de bunuri si servicii si prin scdderea costului unitar} economies of scale, scale economies ~ externe de scara - {care vizeazd o intreagd ramurd industriald, progresul

tehnic, infrastructura etc.) external scale economies ~ fortate - forced savings economisi v.t. (bani) to put aside/away/ by, to set by; to economize, to save, to spare economisire s.f. economization, saving, sparing economist s. m. economist ecosistem.s'.n. ecosystem ~ industrial - industrial ecosystem edita v.t. to publish, to issue editor s.m. publisher; (al unei cdrti) editor editorial adj. editorial s.n. editorial, leader, leading article editorialist s. m. editorialist editura s.f. publishing house editie s.f. edition, issue ~ bibliofila - collectors'/bibliophile/ limited edition ~ de dimineata - (a unui cotidian pentru distributia locald) city edition ~ speciala - (a unui ziar) special (edition), extra efect s.n. 1. effect, result 2. (dr.) consequence, application; pi. {bunuri mobiliare} chattels personal, personal property/effects, movables, goods (and chattels) 3. (de comer f} commercial paper; (cambie) bill (of exchange) ~ al anuntarii - (gradul m care consumatorul realizeazd cd plateste un impozit care este inclus in pretui de vdnzare al unui produs) announcement effect ~ al bulgarului de zapada/de antrenare - (consecintd a conexiunilor formate intre doud sau mai multe fenomene si process economice) snow- -ball effect

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EFE-EGA 146

~ al dimensiunii firmei - (firmele mid inregistreazd rate de rentabilitate mai bune decdt firmele man} size-of-the- -firm effect ~ al impactului - (cre^terea cererii atunci cdnd mi este posibild cre^terea imediatd a ofertei) impact effect ~ al preturilor - price effect ~ asupra salariilor - wage push ~ asupra venitului - (in comportamentui comercial) income effect ~ constitutiv - (dr.) constituting effect ~ de clientela - (atragerea unid anumit tip de investitori in functie de politico de dividende) (fin.) clientele effect ~ de comert - (cambia, cecul, mandatui) commercial paper ~ de comert acceptabil - (pentru reescontare la banca centrald) eligible paper ~ de comert de clasa a doua si a treia - second and third-class paper ~ de comert de complezenta - accomodation paper, pro forma bill ~ de comert la purtator - bearer paper ~ de comert necorespunzator - (care nu poatefi onoraf) bad paper ~ de comert reescontat - rediscount ~ de levier - (rata de indatorare in raport cu fbndurile proprii ale unei companii) (fin.) gearing ~ de parghie - (rata de indatorare in raport cu fondurile proprii ale unei companii) (SUA) (fin.) leverage ~ de prag - (pimctui in care un mesaj publicitar devine eficient) threshold effect ~ de substitute - (efectul asupra comportamentului cumparatorului)

cauzat de modificarea pretului un» anumit produs) substitution effect ~ de venit — (modificarea venitului reJn al consumatorului ca urmare s schimbdrilor de preturi ale produselorj income effect ~ financiar - finance bill ~ real - (dr.) material effect ~ retroactiv - (al unei legi) retroactio* ~ suspensiv - (dr.) suspensory effect ~ tranzitoriu - (dr.) temporary effect efectiv adj. effective, actual, real efectua v.t. to effect, to effectuate. » accomplish, to perform, to carry in« effect, to bring about; (a intreprinde) t carry out ~ o plata - to effect/to make a paymetf ~ serviciul datoriei - to service efectuare s.f. effectuation,! accomplishment, performance ~ a serviciului datoriei - servicing eficient adj. efficient, effective ~ sub aspectui costurilor - cc -effective eficienta s.f. efficiency ~ de operare a portului - efficiency ~ ecologica - ecologic efficiency ~ economica - economic efficiency ~ productiva - production efficiency eforts.n. effort i efortui eel mai avantajos - (pentru • investitor bancar care nu-^i asumd 1 o responsabilitate in cazul in care i emisiune de actiuni nu se vin integral) (fin.) best effort egalitarism.s./!. equalitarianism egalitate s.f. equality; (paritate) parit ~ a sacrificiului - (in tec impozitdrii) equality of sacrifice ~ in drepturi - equality of rights

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EGA-EM1 147 egaliza v. t. to equalize, to equate egalizare s.f. equalization, equation ~ fiscala - (apropiere a nivelului de impozitare asupra imobilelor si a altor bunuri) tax equalization elabora v.t. to elaborate, to work out; (un plan, un program) to draw up elasticitate s.f. (flexibilitate) elasticity ~ a cererii - elasticity of demand ~ a impunerii - elasticity of taxation ~ a ofertei - elasticity of supply ~ a pretului la cerere - price elasticity of demand ~ a pretului la oferta - price elasticity of supply ~ a preturilor - price elasticity/ sensitivity ~ a productiei - elasticity of production ~ a veniturilor - income elasticity element s. n. element ~ de esantionare - sampling element ~ prefabricat din beton - precast unit elevator s. n. elevator; hoist, lift ~ cu banda - conveyer/conveyor elevator ~ cu cupe - bucket/scoop elevator ~ cu descarcare continua - continuous discharge elevator ~ cu lant - chain elevator ~ de cereale - grain elevator ~ de containere - container lift ~ de marfa - cargo/freight elevator, hoister ~ de paleti - pallet elevator ~ de stivuire - elevator stacker ~ pe senile - caterpillar elevator ~ plutitor - floating elevator elibera v.t. 1. to liberate, to free; (din mchisoare) to set free/at liberty, to release; (pe cautiune) to bail out 2. (a

remite) to remit, to deliver 3. (facturi, documente comerciale etc.) to issue; (un certificat, un document) to make out 4. (de datorii, obligatii, sarcini) to release, to relieve, to privilege, to disengage, to exonerate 5. (un cecfard acoperire) to overdraw 6. (de sub controlul statului) to decontrol eliminare s.f. (a unor actiuni de pe lista de cotatii bursiere) delisting ~ a produsului - (a producerii si a comercializdrii acestuid) product elimination eluda v.t. to elude, to evade embargo s. n. embargo ~ civil - civil embargo ~ ostil - hostile embargo ~ pasnic - pacific embargo a institui un ~ asupra - to embargo, to lay an embargo upon a ridica embargoul - to disembargo, to take off/to raise the embargo emisiune s.f. 1. (radiofonica, de televiziune) broadcast 2. (de titluri de valoare, de ban!) issue; (de bancnote) emission; (de obligatiuni) floating ~ -concurs cu premii - (la televiziune) give-away show ~ de actiuni fara drept de instrainare - (emisiune destinatd actionarilor existenti ai unei societati) nonrenounceable issue ~ de actiuni gratuite - (cdtre actionarii existenti pentru majorarea capitalului prin capitalizarea rezer- velor) capitalization/scrip/bonus issue ~ de bancnote - emission of paper money ~ de obligatiuni - bond issue ~ de obligatiuni cu suspendarea platii - bond issue in default

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~ de obligatiuni facuta de un nerezident/strain - foreign bond issue ~ de titluri de stat - issue of government securities ~ de titluri de valoare secundare - junior issue ~ fiduciara - fiduciary issue ~ in direct - live broadcast ~ monetara - monetary issue ~ noua - (de actiuni, obligatiuni) new issue, reissue ~ prin adjudecare - issue by tender ~ publica - (de acfiuni) public issue emite v.t. 1. (titluri de valoare, bani) to issue; (bancnote) to emit; (bani faisi etc.) to utter; (obligatiuni) to float; (actiuni nominale) to inscribe; (actiuni fictive/diluate prin supraevaluarea activelor) to water; {un cec) to make out 2. (a trage o cambie) to draw emitent adj. issuing s.m. issuer, issuing authority; (al unui bilet la ordin) maker; (tragdtor, persoand care a emis o cambie, un cec) drawer adresati-va emitentului - (formula pe un cec) refer to the drawer enumera v.t. to enumerate; (pepuncte) to itemize; (amdnuntit) to specify epava s.f. (ship)wrek epuiza v.t. \. (resurse, fonduri) to exhaust, to deplete; (a consuma complet) to use up; (a folosi la maximum) to work up; (a cheltui tot) to spend 2. (a defertiliza) to impoverish v.r. (despre rezerve, stocuri) to run low epuizare s.f. 1. (a resurselor, a fondurilor) exhaustion, depletion 2. (alocarea sistematicd si rafionald a costului de achizitie a resurselor natu-rale pentru perioada viitoare in care utilizarea acestor resurse contribute la

generarea profitului) (cont.) depletion 3. (defertilizare) impoverishment epuizat adj. (din stoc) out-of-stock; (despre cdrti) out-of-print ergonometrie s.f. ergonometrics ergonomie s.f. ergonomics, human engineering ergoterapie s.f. occupational therapy eroare s.f. error; (greseald) mistake ~ de calcul - error in calculation- miscalculation ~ de e§antionare - sampling error ~ de masurare - error of measurement ~ de nume - misnomer ~ de persoana - mistake in the person ~ de specificatii - specification error ~ operativa/activa - (eroare foam gravd care anuleazd un contract) (dr.} operative mistake erorile §i omisiunile sunt exceptate -1 (formula pe o facturd) errors ani| omissions excepted eroziune s.f. (a solului, a capitalulu erosion escala s.f. 1. (loc) place of call/suppi port of call/supply 2. (pprire) call escroc s.m. swindler, cheat escroca v.t. to swindle, to cheat, rook, to fake up escrocherie s.f. swindle, cheat, fake esenta s.f. (dr.) essence ~ a unui contract - (anumite cla dintr-un contract, care trebuie ir, plinite indiferent de circumstai essence of a contract estima v.t. to estimate, to evaluate,^ value, to valuate, to appraise; calcula, a stabili) to rate; (a pret stabili pretut) to price, to prize

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EST-ETA 149 estimare s.f. estimation, estimate, valuation, appraisal; (asig., fin.) rating; (stabilire a pretului) pricing estimari omogene - (estimari asemd- ndtoare ale riscului si ale rentabilitdtii de cdtre toti investitorii) (fin.) homogeneous expectations estimativ adj. estimative, estimated; (aproximativ, in cifre rotunde) round estimator 5. m. estimator; rater e§alona v.t. 1. (a spatia, a aseza/ a dispune din loc in loc) to space out 2. (plati) to spread out, to defer 3. (yacantele, programul de lucru etc., astfel meat sd nu se suprapund) to stagger e§antion s.n. sample, pattern ~ concentrat - cluster sample ~ reprezentativ - quota/representative sample ~ -tip - type sample e§antiona v.t. to sample esantionare s.f. sampling ~ aleatorie - random sampling ~ cu faze multiple - multiphase sampling ~ cvasialeatorie - quasi-random sampling ~ diferentiala - differential sampling ~ in trepte - multistage sampling ~ la receptie - acceptance sampling ~ pentru masurarea umiditatii - moisture sampling ~ prin cote - quota sampling ~ prin tragere la sorti - lottery sampling ~ reprezentativa - representative sampling ~ simpla - single sampling ~ succesiva - sequential sampling esec.n. failure

~ al pietelor — (sintagmd care desemneazd e^ecul pietelor libere de a permite o alocare eficientd a resurselor, generdnd necesitatea interventiei corectoare a autoritdtii publice) market failure ~ al voiajului - {mar.) failure of the voyage, frustration of the adventure e$ua v./. 1. (mar.) to strand, to ground, to get aground/on the ground, to run aground 2. (despre negocieri) to fall through ~ fara posibilitati de salvare - to shipwreck e§uare s.f. 1. {mar.) stranding, grounding, running aground 2. {a nego-cierilor) falling through ~ accidentala - accidentally stranding/running aground ~ din neglijenta - negligent aground ~ fortuita - fortuitous stranding ~ voluntara - (pentru salvarea navei) voluntary stranding etala v.t. (mdrfuri, produse) to exhibit, to expose, to display etalare s.f. (de mdrfuri, produse) exhibition, exposure, display etalons.n. standard ~ al pretului - standard of price ~ -argint - silver standard ~ -aur - gold standard ~ aur - devize - gold-exchange standard ~ aur - lingouri - gold-bullion standard ~ automat - (fin.) automatic standard ~ de lucru/verificare - working standard ~ de referinta - reference standard ~ de valoare - standard of value ~ -devize - foreign currency standard

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~ dublu/paralel - (fin.) double/parallel standard ~ fictiv - (fin.) fiat standard ~ fiduciar - (fin.) fiduciary standard ~ -hartie - (fin.) paper standard ~ -marfa - (fin.) commodity standard ~ metalic unic - single standard ~ monetar - monetary standard etalona v.t. to standardize etapa s.f. stage, step ~ de fabricatie - processing stage -delucru-job step etatiza v.t. to nationalize etatizare s.f. nationalization eticheta v.t. to label; (o marfa) to ticket (up); (a inregistra pe o fisd continutui unei partide de mdrfuri) to docket; (a atasa o etichetd/pldcutd mobild) to tag etichetare s.f. labelling; (a unei mdrfi) ticketing; {inregistrarea pe o fisd a continutului unei partide de mdrfuri) docketing; (atasarea unei etichete/ placufe mobile) tagging eticheta s.f. label; (indicand continutui unei partide de mdrfuri) docket; {atasatd la mdrfuri, bagaje) tally; (mobild) tag; (cu preful) ticket, sticker ~ colanta - adhesive label ~ cu adresa - address label ~ de ambalaj - packing label euro s.m. (unitate monetard europeand) euro eurocapitals.n. Eurocapital eurocard^./i. Eurocard eurocec.s.n. Eurocheque eurocrat s.m. (functionar al organismelor europene) Eurocrat eurocredit^.n. Eurocredit eurodolars.m. Eurodollar euroobligatiune s.f. Eurobond europiata s.f. Euromarket

eurovaluta s.f. Eurocurrency, Euromoney evalua v.t. to evaluate, to value, to valuate, to estimate, to appraise; (a calcula, a stabili) to rate; (o proprietate pentru stabilirea impozitelor, a asi-gurdrilor) to assess; (daune) to adjust; (a pretui, a stabili pretui) to price, to prize; (la) to put (at) evaluabil adj. appraisable; assessable: rat(e)able evaluare s.f. evaluation, valuation. estimate, estimation, appraisal; (asig.. fin.) rating; (a unei proprietdti pentru stabilirea impozitelor, a asigurdrilor) assessment; (a daunelor) adjustment; (stabilire a pretului) pricing; (a unei avert funciare) (dr.) extent

a activitatii conducerii management appraisal ~ a bonitatii/solvabilita^ii - credit rating/status/standing ~ a costului unei activitati - (pentru fabricarea unui produs) job(-order) costing ~ a costurilor directe - direct costing ~ a costurilor exploatarii pe durata de viata - (a unui utilaj) life-cycle costing ~ a flotei sau a parcului de autovehicule - (in vederea asigurdrii) fleet rating ~ a marcii - (procesul prin care i se ataseazd unei mdrci o valoare in foaia de bilant a companiei) brand valuation ~ a muncii - job evaluation, labof'1 grading j ~ a postului - (pentru mcadrares» intr-o categoric de salarizare) joh| evaluation

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EVA-EXE 151 ~ a riscului - (asig.) estimate of the risk ~ a riscului de tara - (fin.) country/ sovereign rating ~ a stocurilor - stock/inventory valuation ~ actuariala - actuarial calculation ~ cadastrala - rat(e)able value ~ multipla a costului - multiple costing ~ prudenta - conservative, estimate ~ standard a pretului •:; cost - standard costing ~ si optimizare - evaluation and optimization evaluator s.m. valuator, valuer, appraiser, rater; (agent care fixeazd impozitele sau evalueazd daunele) assessor; (inspector de daune) adjuster ~ al pagubelor produse de incendii - (angajat al unei societati de asigurare) fire loss adjuster evazionist s.m. (fiscal) tax dodger evaziune s.f. evasion ~ fiscala - tax evasion/dodging evidenta s.f. record; (situatie) situation ~ a platilor - (la un credit) payment record ~ a vanzarilor - sales record ~ contabila - accounting, bookkeeping evidente contabile - books of account ~ primare - (cont.) basic books evita v.t. to avoid; (a eluda) to elude, to evade, to escape; (plata impozitelor) to dodge evolutie s.f. evolution ~ in timp a creditului - credit history excedent 5.n. excess, surplus, overplus; spare; (de marfd pe piatd, suprapro-ductie) glut

~ al activului fata de pasiv - excess of assets over liabilities ~ al bugetului fiscal - fiscal drag ~ al exporturilor - export surplus ~ al importurilor - import surplus ~ al incasarilor fata de cheltuieli - surplus of receipts over costs ~ bugetar - budget excess/surplus ~ de greutate - overweight, overbalance ~ de stocuri - surplus stock ~ impozabil - taxable surplus ~ valoric - (cand valoarea de piatd a activelor unei societati este mat mare decdt valoarea contabila) appreciation surplus excedentar adj. excess...; (disponibil) spare exclude v.t. to exclude, to expel; (din baron) to disbar exclusiv adj. exclusive excursie s.f. tour, excursion ~ cu itinerar prestabilit - {de agentia turisticd) package tour executa v.t. 1. (a mdeplini) to carry out/through, to carry into effect, to fulfil 2. (o obligatie, un contract) to execute, to perform, to discharge; (o comandd, iin comision) to fill 3. (un debitor) to distrain; (o ipoteca) to foreclose ~ contrarevizia vamala - (mar.) to rerummage ~ revizia vamala - to rummage executare s.f. 1. (a unei obligatii, a unui contract) execution, performance, discharge; (a unei comenzi, a unui comision) fulfilment 2. (punere a unui sechestru) distrainment; (pierderea dreptului debitorului asupra bunului

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152 EXE-E ipotecat, din cauza depdsirii termenului de scadentd) foreclosure ~ silita - execution debt enforcement; (ydnzare la licitatie) compulsory/ forced sale executiv adj. 1. executive 2. (execu- toriu) (dr.) executory, enforceable executor s.m. executor; (care aplicd un sechestrif) distrainer ~ judecatoresc - officer of the court, official receiver ~ testamentar - executor executoriu adj. (dr.) executory, enforceable exemplar s.n. 1. (model) sample, pattern 2. (de carte etc.) copy 3. (al unei cambii) via (of a bill of exchange) ~ unic al cambiei - single bill exercita v.t. (a practica) to exercise, to practise; (o profesie) to practise, to pursue, to follow exercitare s.f. (a unei profesii) exercise, practice; (a unei functii) tenure ~ anticipata - (a unui drept) anticipation exercitiu s.n. exercise ~ bugetar - budgetary year ~ financiar/fiscal - financial year, accounting period/year, tax/taxable year ~ trecut - (fin.) past year, period under review ~ urmator - (fin.) next account exigibil adj. exigible, demandable, claimable; (despre impozite, datorii) exactable, payable, due exigibilitate s.f. payability exilat^.m. exile

~ din motive fiscale - (persoand c se expatriazd din cauza regimi fiscal) tax exile exod s.n, (scurgere defonduri) fligh ~ al capitalului - (dintr-o anumitd t in strdindtate, cauzat de infli accentuatd, instabilitate poliu fiscalitate excesivd) flight of capi capital flight exonera v.t. to exonerate; to dischai to disburden ~ de raspundere - to exonerate fi responsibility/liability, to relieve responsibility/liability exorbitant adj. exorbitant, hea steep; (despre impozite, daune e swingeing expansiune s.f. expansion ~ orizontala - (extinderea unei a panii prin dezvoltarea unor prod vdndute pe piete similare si cu pr asemdndtor sou mdrirea suprafi agricole) horizontal expansion ~ verticala — (cresterea produc agricole prin imbundtdtirea prod tivitdtii terenului cultivaf) vert expansion expatriat s.m. (persoand trimisd firma unde este angajat sd lucreu strdindtate) expatriate expectativa s.f. (nivel al efortulid care un salariat considerd cd treA sd-l depund pentru a-si inde^ sarcinile si obiectivele de lucru) (rat expectancy; expectation i expedia v.t. to send (off); (prin po^ to post; (bani) to remit; (mdrfurS forward; (mdrfuri in consignati^ consign; (urgent) to dispatch; (ram scrisoare etc.) to express;

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EXP-EXP 153 mesagerie) (SUA) to express; (pe cale maritima) to ship expediere s.f. sending; (prin postd) post; (de bani) remittance; (de mdrfuri) forwarding; (de mdrfuri in consignatie) consignment; (urgentd) dispatch; (rapidd a unei scrisori etc.) express; (prin mesagerie) (SUA) express; (pe mare) shipment, shipping ~ recomandata - (a unei scrisori) registration ~ subvagonala - less-than-carload/- -truckload consignment ~ transoceanica - (de mdrfuri) oceanic shipment ~ vagonala - truckload consignment expedierea in contui destinatarului - charges forward ~ in contui expeditorului - charges prepaid expediter s.m. (al unei scrisori etc.) sender, addresser; (de mar/a) (freight) forwarder, forwarding agent; (consignator) consignor; dispatcher; (pe mare) shipper, shipping agent expeditie s.f. sending; dispatch; forwarding ~ maritima - marine/maritime adventure, oversea(s) expedition experiment s. n. experiment ~ la scara naturala - field experiment expert s.m. expert, specialist; appraiser; surveyor ~ autorizat - qualified expert ~ care declara un titru - assay master ~ contabil - chartered accountant; (SUA) certified public accountant ~ de evaluare - appraiser, surveyor; (a daunelor) (asig.) assessor, adjuster ~ de evaluare a avariei - (asig. mar.) average adjuster/stater/taker

~ de tonaj - (mar.) tonnage surveyor ~ in statistica asigurarilor - actuary ~ in statistica petroliera - oil actuary ~ juridic - legal expert ~ maritim/naval - marine/maritime/ ship's surveyor ~ oficial - sworn surveyor ~ vamal - customs appraiser expertiza v.t. to survey expertiza s.f. 1. survey, expertise, expert appraisement/examination 2. (raport) expert's/surveyor's report ~ a unei lucrari - value work done ~ contradictorie - control/joint survey ~ de avarie - damage survey ~ de evaluare - valuation survey ~ profesionala - (cont.) professional valuation ~ unilaterala - one-side survey expira v.i. to expire; (despre un contract) to fall in; (despre o politd de asigurare) to lapse; (a ajunge la scadentd) to fall/to become due expirare s.f. (a unui termen etc.) expiration, expiry; (a unei polite de asigurare) lapse explicatie s.f. (a unui articol din registru) (cont.) narration exploata v.t. 1. (p mind, un zdcdmdnt) to exploit, to recover, to work(off); (cdrbune) to get, to win 2. (a cultiva) to cultivate, to farm 3. (o cale feratd, o navd etc.) to operate; (un utilaj) to run 4. (muncitorii) to sweat 5. (in interes propriu) to exploit, to turn to one's account/profit; (a profita de pe urma) to take advantage of exploatare s.f. 1. (a unei mine, a unui zdcdmdnt) exploitation, working; (de cdrbune) getting, winning 2. (a pdmdntului) farming 3. (a unei cdi

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154 EXP-E: ferate, a unei nave etc.) operation; {a unui utilaj) running 4. (a muncitorilor) sweating ~ de cariera — quarrying ~ de cariera la zi - open quarrying ~ forestiera - forestry operation, logging; (SUA) lumbering ~ miniera - mining ~ patronala - sweating system ~ piscicola - fishery exploda v.i. (despre preturi) to boom explora v.t. {a prospecta) to explore; (a sondd) to probe; (mar.) to fathom explorare s.f. (prospectiune) exploration; (sondare) probing, probe explozie s.f. {a preturilor) boom ~ a preturilor - price boom exponats.n. exhibit export s.n. 1. export(s) 2. (exportare) exportation ~ de capital - capital export ~ direct - direct export ~ global - total exports exporturi invizibile - (export de servicit) invisible exports ~ provizorii - (de marfuri folosite ca mostre la expozitii, fdrd plata taxelor vamale, ulterior reimportate) temporary exports ~ vizibile - (export de marfuri) visible exports a face export - to do export trade exporta v.t. to export exportator adj. exporting s. m. exporter ~ exclusiv - sole exporter expozant^.n;. exhibitor expozitie s.f. exhibition, show, fair ~ agricola - agricultural exhibition ~ comerciala - trade exhibition ~ cu vanzare - sales exhibition ~ de automobile - motor show

~ industrials - industrial exhibition ~ itinerants - travelling exhibition ~ specializata - specialized exhibitio ~ universala - world exhibition expres adj. (c.f.) express adv. (desi scrisori) posthaste expresie s.f. expression ~ din limbajul comercial commercialism expropria v.t. to expropriate, dispossess expropriere s.f. expropriatu dispossession, compulsory acquisitK purchase/surrender ~ pentru utilitate publica dispossession for public purposes expune v.t. (marfuri, produse) exhibit, to show, to display, to lay < v.r. (unui rise) to incur, to expose expunere s.f. 1. (de marfuri, prodie exhibition, show, display 2. (la un re exposure ~ la riscul fluctuatiei unei valutt exchange rate exposure ~ la riscul ratei dobanzii - intea rate exposure externalitati s.f. pi (forma de esec pietelor reprezentata prin nereflecta la nivelul pretului pietei a unora da^ costurile sau beneficiile asocj{ productiei ori consumului) extemalil ~ de consum - (efect cauzat de situ^ in care un consumator influente^ direct productia sau consumul unuii agent economic) consumpB externalities 1 ~ de productie - (efect cauzat J situatia in care posibilitdtile de Jl ductie ale unei intreprinderi influentate de comportamentiil

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intreprinderi sail de un consumator) production externalities extinde v.t. to extend; (piata de desfacere) to widen v.r. to extend, to expand; to widen; (despre o afacere) to branch out extindere s.f. extension, expansion; widening ~ a cererii - (ca urmare a scdderii preturilor) extension of demand ~ a domeniului unei activitati - (prin mdrirea rdspunderii) job enrichment ~ a fondurilor fixe - (pentru mdrirea capacitdtii de productie) capital widening ~ a liniei de produse - line extension ~ a prelevarii de mostre - sampling range extorca v.t. to extort, to swindle extorcare s.f. extortion, swindle extra adj. superior

155

extrabugetar adj. outside the budget extractiv adj. extractive extractie s.f. extraction; production ~ de petrol - oil production extrafin adj. extrafine, superfine extras s.n. extract, abstract; (al continutului unui document} docket ~ de cont - abstract/extract/statement of account, bank statement ~ de cont de reconciliere - (in evidentele contabile) reconciliation statement ~ de cont descriptiv - descriptive statement ~ de titlu de proprietate - (rezumat scris al istoricului unui titlu de proprietate asupra unui teren) abstract of title ~ din registrul funciar - land register extract

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F fabrica v.t. to manufacture, to fabricate, to produce; (bani) to mint, to coin; (here) to brew ~ in serie - to mass-produce fabricant s.m. manufacturer, producer; factory owner; (de here) brewer fabricare s.f. manufacture, fabrication, production; {de bani) mintage, coinage ~ asistata de calculator - computer- -aided/-assisted manufacture ~ in serie de produse superioare - quality-quantity production ~ in serie mare - large scale/series/ serialized production/manufacture, wholesale manufacture fabrica s.f. factory, enterprise, mill; (mai mare) works, plant ~ de here - brewery ~ de caramizi - brickworks, brickyard ~ de cherestea - timber mill; (SUA) lumbermill ~ de confectii - ready-made clothing factory ~ de conserve - packing plant, canning factory, cannery ~ de hartie - paper mill ~ de imprimeuri - printing plant ~ de incaltaminte - shoe factory ~ de mobila - furniture factory ~ de produse finite - finished products factory ~ de textile - textile factory/mill face v.t. 1. (a fabrica, a produce) to make, to manufacture; (a executd) to perform, to effect ~ afaceri cu - to deal with

~ afaceri pe baza de comision - to commission business ~ comert cu - to deal in ~ cumparaturi - to shop ~ cunoscute toate detaliile - to st full particulars ~ datorii - to get/to run into debts, incur debts ~ escala - to call ~ fata competitiei - to m competition ~ formalitatile vamale de sosire s plecare - (despre o nova) to clear ou ~ inventarul - to make up inventory, to take stock ~ mentiuni - (pe documented transport} to clause ~ nul si neavenit - to render null i void ~ o revizie contabila - to audit ~ o scurta vizita - (despre un ag, comercial) to call on/upon ~ ore suplimentare - to overtime ~ propaganda electorala - to canva ~ reclama/publicitate - to advertise a nu ~ fata — (angajamentelor)* default ' facilita v.t. to facilitate | facilitate s.f. facility ~ de credit - credit facility facilitati de plata - facilities payment, easy payment/terms ~ de plata a impozitelor - tax bra ~ pentru export - export incentivt facsimile.?!, facsimile ~ de semnatura - facsimile signat ~ de sigiliu - facsimile stamp

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FAC-FAL 157 a reproduce in ~ - to facsimile factaj s.f. carriage and delivery factor s.m. 1. factor, coefficient 2. (institute financiard care se anga-jeazd, contra unui comision, sd preia creantele clientilor) factor 3. (postal) postman, letter carrier ~ alfa - (evaluarea ratei de renta-bilitate a actiunilor unei societdti fdrd raportarea la indicele pietei bursiere) (bur.) alpha factor ~ beta - (coeficient care aratd mdsura in care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei societdti variazd in functie de rata de rehabilitate a indicelui pietei bursiere) (bur.) beta factor ~ ciclic - cyclical factor ~ de decizie - decision maker, decision-making factor ~ de incarcare - loading factor ~ de rise - risk factor ~ de siguranta - safety factor ~ de utilizare - use factor factori de nemultumire - (a sala-riatilor fata de mediul in care lucreazd) dissatisfiers ~ de productie - factors of production factoring s.n. (metodd de finantare prin care o societate transferd, in schimbul oferirii unui comision, creantele sale unei institutii financiare) factoring factura v.t. to invoice, to bill ~ in minus - to underinvoice ~ in plus - to overinvoice facturare s.f. invoicing, billing ~ descriptive - descriptive billing ~ in minus - underinvoicing ~ in plus - overinvoicing ~ periodica - cycle billing factura s.f. invoice, bill

~ a furnizorului - supplier's invoice ~ comerciala - commercial invoice ~ consulara - consular invoice ~ de consignatie - consignment invoice ~ de cumparare - purchase invoice ~ de navlu - freight invoice/bill/note/ account ~ de vanzare - sale invoice ~ definitiva - final invoice ~ detaliata - itemized invoice ~ interna - (pentru mdrfuri vdndute pe piata interna) inland invoice ~ legalizata - certified invoice ~ originala - original invoice ~ pro forma - (de complezenta) pro forma invoice ~ provizorie - provisional invoice ~ vamala - customs invoice facturier s.n. (cornet) invoice/sales book s.m. (functionar care intocmeste facturi) invoice/billing clerk faliment s.n. bankruptcy, failure, insolvency; (colaps) collapse, crash ~ fraudulos - fraudulent bankruptcy a da ~ - to go/to mm bankrupt, to fail, to fold up, to cease payments, to go into liquidation, to collapse a declara pe cineva in stare de ~ - to adjuge smb. bankrupt a se declara in stare de ~ - to file one's petition in bankruptcy falimentar adj. bankrupt, insolvent falit adj. bankrupt, insolvent s.m. bankrupt, defaulter ~ cu certificat de accident/ghinion - (acordat de instantd, care certified faptui cdfalimentui nu afost cauzat de proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un accident) certified bankrupt ~ exonerat - discharged bankrupt

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158 FAL-FA1 ~ nereabilitat - undischarged bankrupt fals adj. false, spurious, phon(e)y, fake(d), dud, bogus, sham; (despre o bancnotd, un document} forged; (despre monede, metale) base, counterfeit, spurious; (artificial) artificial s.n. false, fake, forgery; (document fals) dud falsifica v.t. 1. to falsify, to fake up; (bancnote, documente) to forge; (con-turi, registre etc.) to tamper with; (monede, metale) to debase, to counterfeit; (alimente etc.) to adulterate 2. (a denatura) to distort, to misrepresent falsificare s.f. 1. falsification, fake; (de bancnote, documente) forgery; (de conturi, registre etc.) tampering; (a situatiei financiare, a unui bilant) window dressing; (de monede, metale) debasement, counterfeit; (de alimente etc.) adulteration 2. (denaturare) distortion, misrepresentation ~ de moneda - coinage offence falsificator s.m. falsifier; (de documente) forger; (de bani) forger, counterfeiter, coiner; (de conturi, registre etc.) tamperer; (de alimente etc.) adulterator familie s.f. family ~ cu doua venituri - (in care ambii pdrinti sunt salariati) two-income family farmaceutic adj. pharmaceutical fata s.f. 1. (avers al unei monede) obverse 2. (a unei cambii, a unui titlu de valoare) obverse favorabil adj. favourable, auspicious; (avantajos) advantageous, easy fara prep, 1. without 2. (raspundere, obligafii; termen cu care seformeazd o serie de expresii referitoare la

conditiile de asigurare si operare al navei) free 3. (bur., fin.) ex. ~ a mai intarzia - without nirth< delay ~ acoperire - (formula pe un cec) n effects/funds; (despre actiuni, marfur recolte care nu sunt disponibile in mt mentui vdnzdrii, mizdndu-se pe obt nerea lor pand la tranzactia efectivi short ~ aducerea marfii pe chei - (mar free from alongside ~ angajament - (din partea furn zorului de a menfine un anumit pret I livrare) (corn.) without engagemen (clauzd de prudentd pe care andosana o poate inscrie pe cambie) without o» liability «i» ~ a§teptarea randului - (la incarcaa sau descdrcare) (mar.) free < stem/turn ~ avarie - (asig. mar.) free of (al average ~ avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) free < general average ~ avarie particulars - (asig. mar free of/from particular average ~ avarie particulars, numai daca esl cauzata de - (asig. mar.) free < particular average unless caused by ~ capitalizare - ex bonu capitalization/scrip ~ captura de catre un stat strain (as ig. mar.) free of foreign capture ~ captura §i sechestrare - free ( capture and seizure ~ caric - (despre o navd in mca\ flying light ~ cheltuieli de folosire a macaraleli portuare - free of all cranage

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FAR-FID 159

~ comanda speciala ~ - {despre un

(mar.) free of produs) off-the-shelf ~ comision de adresa address commission ~ comision de brokeraj - {mar.} free of freight brokerage ~ cont - (formula pe un cec) no account ~ cupon - ex coupon ~ datorii - clear of debts, debtless; (despre o afacere) afloat ~ defect - flawless ~ dividend - ex dividend; {SUA) dividend off ~ dobanda - ex interest ~ dobanda capitalizata - (pe piata de capital) flat ~ drepturi - (preferentiale la o noud emisiune de actiuni) ex claim/new/ rights ~ garantii/acoperire - (despre o tara consideratd ca avdnd un rise crescut de creditare} off-cover ~ impozit pe venit - free of income tax ~ indemnizatie de celeritate - (in operarea navel) free dispatch ~ instalatii de incarcare - (despre nava) gearless ~ marfa - (despre nava) light-ship condition, no-cargo condition ~ mentiuni — {despre un document de transport) clean ~ pierderi - free of losses ~ prima de salvare - (asig. mar.) without benefit of salvage ~ profit - ex all ~ proprietar - ownerless ~ protest - (formula pe o cambie) no noting ~ raspundere - free from liability

raspundere pentru avarii - free of/from damages ~ reciprocitate - nonreciprocity ~ recurs/regres - (formula pe. o cambie) without recourse ~ testament - intestate, ab intestat ~ valoare comerciala - no commercial value ~ valoare nominala - {despre actiuni) no par value federatie s.f. federation ~ de state - commonwealth fel s.n. (soi) kind, sort, grade, description feribot s.n. ferryboat, ferry craft/vessel ~ cu cale ferata - railway ferry ~ de automobile - carferry, car float ~ de mare tonaj - superferry ~ de marfuri - freighter-ferry ~ de pasageri - passenger ferryboat ~ pe perna de aer - hoverferry; (pe fluvii) hoverbus ferma s.f. farm; {cu toate dependintele) farmstead, farmyard; {gospoddrie tdrdneascd, casd de tara cu acareturi) homestead ~ avicola - poultry farm ~ de vaci de lapte - dairy farm ~ industrials - factory farm ~ mica - small holding ~ zootehnica - livestock farm fermier.?./«. farmer feroviar adj. railway s.m. railwayman fertil adj. fertile, productive fertiliza v.t. to fertilize, to make fertile fezabil adj. feasible, workable fezabilitate s.f. feasibility, workability fiabilitate s.f. reliability ~ operationala - operational reliability fictiv adj. fictitious, bogus, sham Hdeicomis s.m. {dr.) trust

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160 FID fideicomisiune s.f. (dr.) trusteeship fidelitate s.f. (loialitate) loyalty ~ fata de marca - brand loyalty fiduciar adj. fiduciary Her s.n. iron ~ -beton - reinforcing iron/bars ~ forjat - wrought iron ~ vechi - scrap iron filantropic adj. philanthropic(al), eleemosynary filatura s.f. spinning mill/works filiala s.f. branch (office); subsidiary (company) financiar adj. financial finanta v.t. to finance, to fund Hnantare s.f. financing, funding ~ a deficitului bugetar - deficit financing/spending ~ a proiectelor de investitii - project financing ~ a vanzarilor in rate - instalment sales financing ~ externa - outside financing ~ interimara - (imprumut pe termen scurt pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut permanent) bridge loan ~ interna - internal financing ~ la nivelul economiei nationale - national economy finance ~ la nivelul intreprinderii - company/ corporate finance ~ mascata - backdoor financing ~ prin conturile de creante - accounts receivable financing ~ prin emitere de actiuni comune - equity financing ~ prin emitere de obligatiuni - bond financing ~ spontana - (finantare, cum ar fi creditui comercial, rezultatd din

derularea normald a unei afac spontaneous financing finante s.f. pi. finance(s) ~ manageriale - managerial finana ~ publice - public finance finisa v.t. to finish finisaj s.n. finish ~ superior - high/superior finish firma s.f. 1. (comerciala) (commen firm, house (of business) 2. (insert signboard ~ cu sucursale multiple - muh firm ~ cu vanzare pe baza de conn prin posta - mail-order house ~ de brokeri - commission house ~ de expeditii - forwarding house ~ de export - export house ~ de factoring - (institutie finana care se angajeazd, contra i comision, sd preia creantele cliena factor ~ de transporturi maritime shipping company ~ de transporturi rutiere - haul(i)l ~ dominanta - dominant firm ~ recalcitranta - {firma. care inca sd-si mentind independenta fata dk cartel) recalcitrant firm ~ serioasa - reliable firm, safe hoia ~ solvabila - trustworthy/sound fifl ~ specializata intr-o singura gl linie de produse - single-line firm ~ -tinta - (companie pe care o i firma doreste sd o achizitioneze} U firm i fisa s.f. 1. (de telefon) coin 2-1 jocuri) counter, fish < fisc s.n. inland revenue ' fiscal adj. fiscal

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FIS-FLO 161 fiscalitate s.f. fiscality, taxation policy/system fisa s.f. slip, sheet; (de cartoteca) (index) card; (indicdnd continutui unei partide de mdrfuri) docket ~ a salariatului - (cu date despre studii, experienfd, calificare etc.) personnel specification ~ cu specimene de semnaturi - (document completat la deschiderea unui cont sau a unui depozit de titluri) signature card ~ de calcul al salariului - (care insoteste piata acestuid) payslip ~ de evidenta - register card ~ de identificare - (a continutului si a cantitdtii unei Idzi) bin card ~ de lucru - (cu instructiuni pentru indeplinirea unei anumite sarcini) job ticket ~ de pontaj - (pentru marfa incdrcatd sau descdrcatd) cargo/tally sheet; time card/sheet ~ personala - record ~ tehnologica - operation sheet fisic s.n. (de bani) roll of money ' Hsier s.n. \. (catalog, cartoteca) card index 2. (dulap) filing/card index cabinet fixa v.t. 1. (o data, o sarcind) to assign; (un termen, o data) to appoint, to nominate; (un pret etc.) to fix, to state, to settle; (conditii, clauze) to lay down, to stipulate, to set forth; (suma impozitelor, a despdgubirilor) to assess 2. to fasten, to secure, to fix Hxare s.f. 1. (a unei date, a unei sarcini) assignment; (a unui termen, a unei date) appointment, nomination; (a unui pret etc.) fixing, settlement; (de conditii, clause) stipulation; (a sumei

impozitelor, a despdgubirilor)

assessment 2. fastening, securing, fixing ~ a despagubirilor assessment of damages ~ a pretului - pricing, price fixing ~ a pretului de patrundere pe piata - penetration pricing ~ a pretului in functie de pretui director - price leadership ~ a pretului la discretie - (de cdtre intermediar) price discretion ~ a preturilor prin tatonari - fixing prices by trial and error ~ de preturi multiple - (in functie de specificul pietelor) multiple pricing fixing s.n. (al cursurilor de schimb, al pretului aurului la bursa) fixing flexibilitate s.f. flexibility ~ a impozitarii - flexibility of taxation ~ a preturilor - price flexibility ~ a salariului - wage flexibility ~ economica - economic adaptiveness flotant adj. floating flotare s.f. (fin.) floating ~ a cursurilor valutare - (cotare liberd a valutelor pe pietele valutare, cursul valutar fund influentat de eveni- mentele economice si monetare din fiecare tard si de pe piata mondiald) rate of exchange floatation ~ concertata/in grup - (sistem ce implied existenta unui aranjament intre un grup de state, care convin ca intre monedele lor sd existe cursuri stabile) concerted floating ~ impura/controlata - (situatie in care evolutia cursului de schimb al unei monede este influentatd de inter- ventia pe piata a autoritdtii emitente) impure floating

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162 FLO-FLU ~ independenta/singulara/ neconcer- tata - (situatie in care cursul de schimb al unei monede evolueazd pe piafd independent de evolutia altor volute) independent floating ~ pura/libera - (situatie in care cursul unei volute se formeazd spontan pe piata valutard, fdrd interventia autoritdtilor monetare din tara emitenta) pure floating flota s.f. fleet ~ aeriana - air fleet ~ comerciala - merchant fleet/service, commercial fleet ~ comerciala maritima - shipping, marine ~ de cabotaj - coastal/coastwise fleet ~ de linie - liner fleet ~ de mineraliere - ore (-carrying) fleet ~ de nave frigorifice - refrigerated shipping ~ de pescuit - fishing fleet ~ de pescuit oceanic - deep-sea fishing fleet ~ de petroliere - tanker fleet ~ de remorchere - towing/tug fleet ~ de slepuri - barge fleet ~ de transport - cargo shipping ~ de traulere - trawler fleet ~ de vrachiere - bulk-carrier fleet ~ fluviala - river fleet ~ maritima - maritime/sea fleet ~ mondiala - world fleet/shipping ~ oceanica - ocean (-going) fleet fluctua v.i. to fluctuate fluctuant adj. fluctuating, varying fluctuatie s.f. fluctuation, variation, swing; (a mdinii de lucru) turnover ~ a fortei de munca - labour turnover ~ a numarului de salariati -employee turnover

~ a preturilor - price fluctuation' movement ~ dirijata - {a unei volute declaratd liber a} dirty float ~ salariala - wage drift ~ sezoniera - seasonal fluctuation ~ usoara - slight fluctuation fluctuatii ale cursului de schimb - exchange fluctuations ~ ale pietei - fluctuations of the market, market fluctuations ~ ciclice - cyclical fluctuations ~ economice - economic fluctuations a suferi ~ - to undergo fluctuations fluturas s.m. (care se distribute in magazine, pe stradd etc.) throwaway, handbill flux^./?. flow ~ brut de numerar - gross cash flow ~ circular - (transferul continuu, in ambele sensuri, de plati si incasan intre consumatori si producdtori) circular flow ~ de activitate - flow of work ~ de fonduri - flow of funds ~ de iesire de numerar - cash outflow ~ de intrare de numerar - cadi inflow ~ de numerar - (yaloarea netd reaW de numerar, deosebitd de profit contabil, care intrd sau iese din fim intr-o perioadd determinata) flow » funds, cash flow/generation ~ de numerar actualizat - (metodd t evaluare a optiunilor de investiti discounted cash flow ~ de numerar incremental - {flu. de numerar net care poate fi atrih unui protect de investitiii) incremer cash flow

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FLU-FON 163 ~ de numerar suplimentar - (pe care o societate il poate cheltui pentru dezvoltare) excess cash flow ~ economic - economic flow ~ financiar - financial flow ~ real - (circulatia bunurilor si a serviciilor) real flow foaie s.f. 1. (coala) sheet; (pagina) page 2. (dintr-un registru de conta-bilitate) folio ~ de cupoane - coupon sheet ~ de drum - route sheet; (justificativa) travelling warrant ~ de expeditie - docket - de hartie de ambalaj - wrapper sheet ~ de livrare - delivery bill/note ~ de pontaj - time card/sheet/ticket ~ de reclama - sales leaflet ~ volanta - (prospect) leaflet folosi v.t. to utilize, to employ ~ o cambie de complezenta - to kite folosire s.f. utilization, employment ~ a unei cambii de complezenta - kite flying ~ completa a fortei de munca - full employment ~ ilegala a fortei de munca - unfair labour practice ~ incompleta a fortei de munca -(sub calificarea ei sau prin organizare) underemp loyment fonds.n. fund; capital ~ acumulat/de rezerva - (pentru investitii) reserve fund ~ circulant - (din care se imprumutd bani si in care se reintorc creditele acordate cu dobdnda aferenta) revolving fund; (fond guvernamental destinat finantdrii serviciilor publice) (SUA) revolving fund

~ comercial - (active intangibile ale uneifirme, calculate ca diferenta dintre pretui platit pentru compania in functiune si valoarea activelor) goodwill ~ comun - pool ~ de ajutor/asistenta - relief fund ~ de amortizare - depreciation/ redemption/sinking fund ~ de asigurare pentru somaj -unemployment fund ~ de asigurari - insurance fund ~ de asigurari sociale - welfare/ provident fund ~ de compensare - (bur.) compensation fund ~ de dezvoltare - development fund ~ de garantie - guarantee fund ~ de pensii - pension/retiring/ superannuation fund ~ de plasament in valori imobiliare -real estate investment trust ~ de plasament in valori mobiliare -security investment trust ~ de plasament mixt - (atdt in valori mobiliare, cat si in valori imobiliare) mixed investment trust ~ de prevedere - (cont.) contingency account/fund/reserve ~ de regularizare/compensare valutara - equalization fund ~ de rezerva - reserve/surplus fund ~ de rezerva de rambursare a capitalului - (subscris de detindtorii de actiuni preferentiale ai unei societdti) capital redemption reserve fund ~ de rezerva pentru creante dubioase - (fond bancar) reserve against bad and doubtful debts

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164 FON-f ~ de rezerva pentru datorii - liability reserve ~ de rulment - circulating/working capital, floating/circulating assets ~ de rulment net - net working capital ~ de salarii - wage fund ~ de stabilizare - (a monedei nationale) stabilization fund ~ de tranzactionare a optiunilor - option fund ~ iiduciar - trust fund ~ forestier - standing timber ~ funciar - land resources ~ inactiv/neproductiv - unemployed fund ~ mutual - mutual fund, unit trust, trust company; (cu investitii in alte fonduri} fund fund ~ mutual administrat - (de manageri profesionisti) managed fund ~ mutual cu investitii pe termen scurt - performance fund ~ mutual cu investitii speculative pe termen scurt - go-go fund ~ mutual cu plasamente foarte avantajoase — (msd cu un grad de rise mai ridicaf) high-yielding fund ~ mutual cu plasamente in actiuni comune - equity fund, common stock fund ~ mutual de castig - (care realizeazd cele mai avantajoase plasamente pentru a obtine cdstigul maxim posibil) income fund ~ mutual de dezvoltare - (cu investitii pe termen lung) growth fund ~ mutual de investitii in obligatiuni municipale - municipal bond fund ~ mutual de schimb - (al titlurilor de valoare detinute de investitori pentru

actiuni in fondul respective excha fund ~ mutual deschis - {care emite in r, constant actiuni not) open-end fund ~ mutual echilibrat - (care invest proportional in actiuni comune, acti preferentiale si obligatiuni) balan fund ~ mutual inchis - (care a inch emisiunea de actiuni) closed-end/ fund ~ mutual principal - (care invesb in alte fonduri) master trust ~ mutual protejat - (care acop eventualele pierderi cauzate de J derea valorii unor titluri prin inves in alte titluri cu perspective crestere) hedge fund ~ mutual raportat la un indio (fond al cdrui portofoliu corespu unui indice oficial) index fund ~ mutual specializat - (in ania tipuri de investitii) speciality fund ~ necompensat - (formula pe un t effects not cleared ~ nelichid - unrealizable capital ~ neutilizat/fara destinatie special unappropriated/unapplied fund ~ pentru manco de casa - risk moa ~ statutar - statutory fund fonduri ale actionarilor - (in tern contabili, valoarea activelor fw minus pasivul) shareholders' funds : ~ de garantie/acoperire - cover fu| ~ de rezerva pentru cheltuieli neprevazute/urgente - (la o banca) emergency reserves ~ disponibile - disposable/available funds ~ fixe - capital assets/goods

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FON-FOR 165 ~ proprii - (totalul capitalurilor care apartin unei companii si nu sunt imprumutate) capital resources ~ suplimentare necesare - (pe care o firmd trebuie so. Ie obtind din exterior prin imprumut sau vdnzare de actiuni) additional funds needed fonda v.t. to found; to establish, to promote, to set up fondare s.f. foundation; establishment, promotion fondator s.m. founder, promoter ~ al unei societati - company promoter fora v.;. to drill foraj s.n. drilling ~ de prospectiune - exploration/ wildcat drilling, wildcatting ~ de sonde de petrol - petroleum drilling ~ in largul marii - offshore/deep-sea drilling forestier adj. forest... forfetar adj. lump forma v.t. to form ~ de rezerva pentru creante dubioase - (fond bancar) reserve against bad and doubtful debts ~ un cartel - to pool ~ un consortiu/sindicat patronal - to syndicate ~ un monopol - to comer formalitate s.f. formality, formal procedure ~ legala - statutory formality formalitati vamale - customs clearance, procedure of customs formare s.f. 1. formation 2. (instruire, pregdtire) training ~ a cadrelor - personnel training

~ a cadrelor de conducere - management training, executive development ~ a capitalului propriu - equity capital formation ~ a unui cartel - pooling ~ bruta de capital fix - gross fixed capital formation ~ in afara locului de munca - off-the- -job training ~ la locul de munca -job training ~ neta de capital fix - net fixed capital formation ~ profesionala - vocational training format s.n. size; (de carte) format ~ obisnuit - regular size formular s.n. (print/printed) form; (blancheta) (paper) blank ~ administrativ - office form ~ de cec - cheque form ~ de cerere - form of application, application form ~ de cerere de credit - loan application form ~ de cerere de subscriere la actiuni - letter of application ~ de chitanta - form of receipt ~ de comanda - order form ~ de declaratie de venituri - (pentru impunere) form of return - de impunere - tax form ~ de oferta - (la licitatie) form of tender ~ de procura - form of proxy ~ de repartizare a actiunilor - share allotment form ~ de subscriere - subscription form ~ de telegrama - telegram form ~ din ziua declararii numelor - (prin care brokerul li oferd vdnzdtorului

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166 FOR-FRU informatii despre cumpdrdtor) {bur.) name-ticket forta s.f. force ~ de munca - labour force, manpower ~ de munca excedentara - surplus labour ~ de munca exploatata - sweated labour ~ de munca ieftina - cheap labour ~ de munca necalificata - unskilled/ common labour ~ de munca temporara - casual labour ~ majora - act of God, cause beyond control forte de productie - productive/ production forces fragil adj. breakable fraht s.n. consignment note, waybill, freight document ~ aerian - air consignment note/ waybill franca v.t. to frank, to prepay, to stamp francat adj. postpaid, postage paid ~ insuficient - (despre o scrisoare) short-paid franco adv. (corn.) free ~ bord - free on board ~ bord stivuit si fara cheltuieli de descarcare - free on board and stowed and free discharging ~ bord si rujat - free on board and free trimmed ~ camion - free on truck ~ carau§ - free carrier ~ chei - free alongside quay ~ de-a lungul navei - free alongside ship/vessel ~ depozit - free into store, free entrepot ~ domiciliu - free delivered/domicile

~ frontiera - free border ~ in bazinul portuar - free dock ~ nava - free on ship/ vessel ~ peste bord - free overboard/overside ~ §lep - free into barge ~ transport - carriage free ~ vagon - free on rail/truck fran§izat s.m. (cesionar al unei fransize) (corn.) manufacturer's agent fransiza s.f. 1. (corn.) franchise 2. (in asigurdrile maritime, valoare a pier- derii sub care societatea de asigurdri nu este obligatd sd acorde nici un fel de despdgubire, dar peste care trebuie so. ofere despdgubiri complete} franchise fran§izor s.m. (cedent al unei fransize} (corn.) franchiser frauda s.f. fraud, embezzlement, defalcation fraudulos adj. fraudulent frecare s.f. abrasion ~ a monedei - (ca urmare a cir- culatiei, rezultdnd o diminuare • greutdtii) abrasion of coin frigorifer s.n. refrigerating machine; refrigeration plant frigotehnica s.f. refrigeration frigotehnist^.m. refrigerationist s front s.n. front, face ~ al cheiurilor - quayage, frontage ~ de abataj - face of workings ~ de dane - berthage, berthing space ~ de exploatare - (intr-o cariert quarry face frontiers s.f. frontier, border ~- a eficientei - (indicatorii cei im favorabili din punctui de vedere « riscului si al rentabilitdtii) {fin efficient frontier fructifer adj. fruit-bearing, fructifero<<

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FUN-FUR 167 funciar adj. ground..., land(ed)... functie s.f. 1. function 2. (slujbd) job; (post) post, position, office ~ a cererii - demand schedule ~ a ofertei - supply schedule ~ amovibila - revocable post ~ de consum - consumption function ~ de manager - managership ~ de productie - production function ~ de stimulare a vanzarilor - (relatia dintre activitatea de marketing si nivelul vanzarilor) sales response function ~ de utilitate - utility function ~ publica - public office ~ superioara - seniority functii pe servicii - departmental functions functiona v.i. 1. to function 2. (despre o marina) to run, to work functional adj. functional functionar s.m. office bearer/holder; (public, civil, ecleziastic; secretar) officer; {de birou) office worker; (de staf) public/civil servant, official, functionary; (comercial; secretar) clerk ~ inferior/subaltern - junior clerk/ officer ~ la ghiseui unei banci - bank teller ~ la oficiul postal - mail teller ~ public/de stat - public/civil servant, (public) official ~ responsabil cu clasarea documentelor - filing clerk ~ responsabil cu corespondenta - correspondence clerk ~ responsabil cu relatiile cu publicul - public relations officer ~ superior - high official, officer of state; executive officer; {din

conducerea unei societdti) company officer ~ vamal - revenue/customs officer, searcher fundatie s.f. (institutie) endowed establishment/institution, endowment, foundation funt s.m. (imitate de mdsurd pentru greutate) pound fura v.t. to steal, to thieve; (a jefui) to rob; (in cantitdti mid) to pilfer furaj s.n. forage, fodder furgoneta s.f. van, utility car/vehicle; (pentru livrdri) delivery car/van furnituri s.f. pi. (mar/a, obiecte furnizate) supply of goods/materials, supplies; (rechizite) requisites; {textile) appurtenances, trimmings, furnishings ~ de birou - office stationery ~ maritime - ship chandlery furniza v.t. to supply, to furnish (with), to purvey; (a livrd) to deliver v.i. to purvey (for); (alimente si servicii) to cater (for) furnizare s.f. supply, furnishing, purveyance; (livrare) delivery; (de alimente si servicii) catering furnizor s.m. supplier, (supply) contractor, purveyor; {de echipamenf) outfitter; (mai ales de mobila) furnisher; (de alimente) victualler, provider ~ de alimente - victualler ~ de alimente si servicii - caterer - intermediar - subcontractor ~ maritim/naval - ship chandler furt s. n. 1. theft; (jaf) robbery; (mdrunt) pilferage 2. (dr.) larceny ~ calificat - (dr.) aggravated theft ~ din magazin - shoplifting

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168

~ marunt/sub o anumita valoare - (dr.) petty larceny ~ peste o anumita valoare - (dr.) grand larceny ~ prin efractie - burglary furturi §i furti§aguri - {asig.) theft and pilferage fuss.n. shaft ~ orar - hour/time zone fuziona v.;'. to merge, to amalgamate, to fuse fuziune s.f. merger, merging, amalgamation, fusion ~ congenera - (intre firme din aceeasi Industrie in care partenerii de fuziune FUR-F1

nu sunt nici clientii, nici furnizc uneia dintre ele) congeneric merger ~ -conglomerat - (intre societdti i industrii diferite) conglomerate merg ~ operationala - (fuziune prin a sunt integrate operatiunile a dc companii in speranta obfinerii ui wantage sinergetice) operating merg ~ orizontala - (fuziunea a doua fir, care produc acelasi tip de bunuri .1 servicii) horizontal merger ~ prin absorbtie - merger absorption ~ verticala - (achizitia unei firme catre unul dintre furnizori sau alia vertical merger

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G gabarit^.M. overall size/dimension ~ al marfii stivuite - (mar.) stowing dimension gaj s.n. pledge, gage, lien ~ cu deposedare - unredeemed pledge ~ fara deposedare - redeemed pledge a da/a pune in ~ - to pledge, to gage, to put in pledge a scoate din ~ - to redeem a pledge, to take out of pledge. galantar s.n. shop window/front, showcase galanterie s.f. 1. (prdvalie) haberdasher's, hosier's 2. (obiecte) narrow goods; (de bdrbat) men's haberdashery; (de dama) hosiery galon s.n. (unitate de mdsurd pentru capacitate) gallon gama s.f. scale, range ~ de preturi - scale of prices ~ de produse - range/portfolio of products ~ sortimentala - product mix/range garant s.m. guarantor, surety, warrantor, bail, bondsman a fi ~ pentru - to stand surety for garanta v.t. to guarantee, to warrant, to secure; (bur., fin.) to cover ~ pentru - to stand security for, to go/to become bail/security for garantat adj. guaranteed, warranted, secured; (bur., fin.) covered ~ prin obligatiuni - bonded (de calitate etc.) platd) guaranty, pledge; (colateral, un imprumut)

collateral; (fond de acoperire/garantie pentru un imprumut, o tranzactie) cover, coverage; (a

executdrii unui contract) pledge, guaranty; (sumd cerutd ca avans pentru datorii sau daune eventuale ori pentru indeplinirea obligatiilor contractuale) caution money; (cerutd exportatorilor) tender guarantee; (cautiune) bail 2. (acord, contract de garantie de platd) bond ~ bancara - bank guarantee ~ colaterala - (pentru un imprumut) collateral

garantie s.f. 1. warranty; (de guarantee, surety, garantie pentru

~ contra riscurilor la export - export risk guarantee ~ corespunzatoare - adequate security ~ de calitate - warranty of quality ~ de executare - (a contractului) performance guarantee ~ de navigabilitate - (mar.) warranty of seaworthiness ~ exagerata - excessive guarantee ~ expresa - express warranty ~ fiduciara - (document care garan-teazd ca proprietatea mcredintatd unui administrator fiduciar nu va suferi nici o daund din cauza acestuia) fiduciary bond ~ fixa - (dreptui creditorului fiind limitat la un anumit activ al unei societdti) fixed charge ~ flotanta - (dreptui creditorului extinzdndu-se la toate activele unei societdfi) floating charge ~ guvernamentala - government security ~ imobiliara - pledge of real property

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GAR-GH1 170

~ implicita - (asig.) implied warranty ~ mobiliara - pledge of movables, personal security ~ nula - (proprietate industrials ce nu poate servi drept grantie bancard dacd nu este in exploatare) dead security ~ pe baza de depozit §i credit - deposit-cum-credit guarantee ~ permanenta - continuing guarantee ~ reala - (dr.) corporal security ~ serioasa - trustworthy guarantee ~ solidara - (dr.) joint guarantee/ surety ~ solida - reliable guarantee ~ suplimentara - additional security ~ unica - single guarantee a da ~ - to warrant gara s.f. (railway) station; (SUA) depot ~ de calatori - passenger station ~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel/ packet station ~ de frontiera - border/frontier station ~ de marfuri - goods station ~ de tranzit - transit station ~ de triaj - marshalling yard ~ maritima - harbour station ~ terminus - terminal, terminus garderoba s.f. cloakroom; (SUA) checkroom gazs.n. gas ~ Uchefiat - liquefied gas ~ natural - natural gas ~ natural lichefiat - liquefied natural gas ~ petrolier lichefiat - liquefied petroleum gas ~ petrolier lichid - liquid petroleum gas gazdui v.t. to house, to lodge, to accommodate

general adj. 1. general; (global) overall, global 2. (incluzand toate cheltuielile, riscurile etc.) all-in generator adj. generating s.n. generator ~ de venit pasiv - passive income generator geodezie s.f. geodesy, geodetics geografie s.f. geography ~ comerciala - commercial geography ~ economica - economic geography gera v.t. to manage, to run; to administer, to administrate gerant adj. managing gestiona v.t. to administer, to administrate; to manage gestiune s.f. administration; management ~ a activelor - asset management ~ a creditelor - credit management ~ a datelor - data management ~ a datoriei - debt management ~ a inventarului - inventory administration/control ~ a intreprinderii - enterprise management ~ a lichiditatilor - cash management ~ a riscurilor - risk management ~ a stocurilor - stock administration./ control ~ bugetara - budget/budgetary administration ~ economica - economic administration/management ~ financiara - financial management ~ gre§ita - mismanagement ghid s.m. (persoana) guide s.n. guide(book), handbook; (care cuprinde unitatile monetare, de mdsura ale mai multor tari) cambist ~ rutier - roadbook

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GHI-GRA 171 ~ turistic - tourist guidebook, traveller's handbook ghiseu s.n. counter, wicket; pay desk/ office; {c.f.) (booking-office) window; (la teatru sau cinematograf) box-office (window) ~ de informatii - information desk girs.n. {andosare) endorsement ~ conditional - qualified endorsement ~ de complezenta - accommodation endorsement ~ in alb - blank endorsement gira v.t. 1. (a andosd) to endorse 2. (a garanta) to warrant, to guarantee girant s.m. (andosant, andosator) endorser giratar^.m. (andosatar) endorsee global adj. global, total, aggregate, gross, overall; {despre preturi, cheltuieli) overhead; all-round/-in globalizare s.f. globalisation glont s.n. (imprumut rambursat intr-o singurd transd la sfdrsitui perioadei scadente) bullet gol s.n. {spatiu gol, vid) emptiness, void ~ de productie - idle/slack time, bottleneck gospodar adj. (econom) thrifty s.m. 1. householder 2. (bun administrator) good manager gospodari v.t. (a conduce, a admi-nistrd) to manage, to administer v.i. to keep house, to manage a household v.r. to set up house gospodarie s.f. 1. household 2. {menaj) housekeeping; menage 3. {administrate, administrare) husbandry ~ agricola - homestead ~ agricola colectiva - collective farm ~ agricola de stat - state farm

~ comunala/municipala - communal husbandry, town management, utility ~ individuals - individual farm gospodina s.f. housekeeper grad s.n. 1. (in matematicd, tehnicd etc.) degree 2. (rang) rank, degree 3. (de apreciere) extent, rate, level ~ de avarie - extent of the damage ~ de fiscalitate - taxation degree ~ de folosire a fortei de munca - rate of work ~ de tranzactionare - {bur., fin.) marketability ~ de uzura - rate of wear grafic s.n. diagram, graph, chart, schedule ~ al pragului de rentabilitate - breakeven chart, profitgraph ~ al cererii - demand schedule ~ cu baloane - {in care societdtile sau produsele sunt reprezentate prin cercuri/baloane proportionale ca

mdrime cu puterea competitivd ca exprimatd prin volumul vdnzdrilor, active sau cota depiatd) bubble chart ~ de incarcare - diagram of loading ~ de operatii - operation chart ~ de prioritate - priority schedule ~ de transport - {mar.) shipping schedule granita s.f. border, frontier gratificatie s.f. bonus, bounty gratis adv. gratis, without payment, free of charge gratuit adj. gratuitous, gratis, chargeless, costless, free (of charge), for free, at no charge adv. gratuitously gratuitate s.f. gratuitousness gramada s.f. {vrac) bulk grane s.f. pi. grain, corn; {cereale) cereals

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172 GRA-GRE grau s.n. wheat; grain, corn grefa s.f. (dr.) office of the clerk of the court, clerk of the court's office, record office grefier s.m. (dr.) clerk of the court, recorder greseala s.f. mistake; (eroare) error ~ de copiere - clerical error ~ de tipar - printer's error greutate s.f. weight; (sarcind) burden; (incdrcdturd) load ~ a carcasei/a animalului taiat si curatat - carcass weight ~ a caricului - cargo/shipping weight ~ a lotului de marfa - weight of parcel ~ a marfii descarcate - land/landed/ landing weight ~ a marfii in vrac - bulk weight ~ a marfii incarcate - loaded weight ~ a navei goale - (mar.) light displacement/weight, light ship/vessel, lightweight tonnage, unloaded displacement ~ bruta - (marfa cu ambalaj) gross/tare weight ~ consemnata in warant - warrant weight ~ cu ambalaj - packed weight ~ de sacrificare - slaughter weight ~ descarcata/predata - outturn weight ~ estimata - estimated weight ~ estimata a ambalajului - estimated tare ~ -etalon - standard of weight, test weight ~ excedentara - overweight ~ in livre - poundage ~ in minus - (la predare) short weight ~ incarcata - (mar.) shipped weight ~ legala a tarei - legal tare ~ maxima - all-up weight

~ moarta - (care nu aduce navlii) {mar.) deadweight ~ monetara - nummary weight ~ netaxata - weight allowed free ~ neta - net weight ~ neta a caricului descarcat - (mar.) outturn (weight) ~ neta a tarei - net tare ~ neta efectiva/reala - net net weight ~ predata - delivered weight ~ proprie - (a unui vehicul, a unei nave) deadweight ~ proprie/fara incarcatura - weight empty, sole weight ~ reala a tarei - clear/real tare ~ specifica - specific gravity ~ stabilita de incarcator - (mar.) shipper's weight ~ sub cea normala/permisa - underweight ~ suplimentara - extra weight ~ si continut necunoscute - (mentiune intr-un conosament) (mar.) weight and content unknown ~ totala - total weight ~ unitara - unit weight ~ utila - useful weight ~ uzuala a tarei - usual tare ~ , valoare si continut necunoscute - {mentiune intr-un conosament) {mar.) weight, value and content unknown ~ vie — (a animalului inainte de tdiere) live weight ~ volumetrica - weight by volume, bulk density greva v.i. (dr.) to encumber, to burden greva s.f. strike, work stoppage, suspension of work, walkout; industrial action ~ a consumatorilor - consumer strike ~ a cumparatorilor - buyers' strike

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GRE-GUV 173

~ a foamei - hunger strike ~ autorizata - official strike ~ de avertisment - warning/token strike ~ de delimitare - (grevd cauzatd de conflictui apdrut intre sindicate cu privire la ce categoric de muncitori ar trebui sd execute anumite tipuri de lucrdri) (SUA) jurisdictional strike ~ de protest - protest strike ~ Ae siAiAaritate - sympathetic striKe ~ -fulger/spontana - lightning strike ~ generala - general strike ~ italiana/la locul de munca - sit--down/-in strike ~ neautorizata - unofficial strike; (de sindicaf} wildcat strike ~ patronala — (inchiderea fabricii de cdtre patronat pe o anumitd perioadd pentru a nu satisface revendicdrile salariatilor) lockout ~ perlata - go-slow (strike) a chema la ~ - to call out a declara ~ - to call a strike a face ~ - to (go on) strike, to walk out, to stop work a fi in ~ - to be on strike a intra in ~ - to come out on strike grevist s.m. striker, work(man) on strike grila s.f. grid; scale ~ de aprovizionare - (model al acti-vitdtii de aprovizionare industrials) buygrid ~ de salarizare - pay/salary scale

~ manageriala - (sistem de evaluare a competentei manageriale) managerial grid grup s.n. 1. group; cluster 2. (cere de persoane cu interese economice comune sustinute pe cdi ilegale) ring ~ de activitati analoage -job family ~ de brokeri neoficiali - coulisse ~ de interese - (economice) vested interests; (corporatie, grup de oameni ae afaceri care soYicita faciYitdfi, mdeosebi de naturd legislativa} special interest ~ de presiune - lobby ~ de studiere a cerintelor consu-matorilor - aspirational group ~ socioeconomic - socioeconomic grade ~ strategic - (grup de societdti cu pondere importantd in cadrul unei industrii care urmeazd o strategic comuna) strategic group grupa s.f. group; (categoric de salarizare, impozitare} bracket ~ de venituri - income group guler-s-./i. collar gulere albastre - (muncitorii manuali/ industrial!) blue-collar workers ~ albe - (clasa de mijioc din societdtile industriale avansate) white-collar workers guvern s.n. government guverna v.i. to govern ~ prost - to misgovern guvernator^.w. governor ~ general - governor general

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H hala s.f. 1. hall 2. (in piatd) market house/hall, covered market ~ de carne - meat market ~ de legume - vegetable market ~ de pe§te - fish market ~ de vechituri - second-hand market hamal s.m. 1. porter 2. (mar.) stevedore, longshoreman han s.n. inn hangar s.n. shed; (pentru avioane) hangar ~ pentru depozitare temporara - shed for short storage ~ pentru marfuri de export - export sheed; (mar.) shipping shed ~ pentru marfuri in tranzit - transit shed, shed for passing goods ~ portuar - dock/port shed ~ portuar de marfuri - freight shed hangiu s.m. innkeeper harta s.f. map; chart ~ cadastrala - cadastral map ~ geografica - geographical map ~ marina - sea/nautical chart hazard s.n. hazard; (rise) risk ~ moral - (comportament necinstit sau neglijentd a persoanelor care nu suportd costurile actelor lor, situatie generatd de existenta unei asigurdri etc.) moral hazard hartie s.f. paper ~ de ambalaj/impachetat - pack/ packing/wrapping paper ~ de scrisori - note/letter paper ~ de tipar - printing paper ~ de ziar - news paper ~ indigo/carbon - copy paper

~ -moneda - paper money ~ pentru emisiuni de valoa bancnote - security paper ~ timbrata - stamped paper ~ velina - (wire-) wove paper hartii de valoare - (fin.) securities hebdomadar adj. weei hebdomadal, hebdomadary s.n. WE (magazine) hectare./!, hectare hedging s.n. (operatiune de cone carare a riscurilor ce pot decurge < fluctuatiile cursurilor la bursele marfuri, din variatiile preturilor tranzactiile de comerf exterior sau i cursurilor de schimb) (bur., hedging ~ realizat prin cumpararea contracte futures - long hedging ~ valutar - currency hedging hidrocentrala s.f. hydroelec (power)' plant/station, water-pos plant hidrofil adj. (despre unele mdrf hydrophilic, water-retaining hidrofob adj. hydrophobic, wa /moisture-repellent hidrotghmca s.f. hJdrotechnics hiperinflatie s.f. hyperinflat runaway inflation holding s. n. holding (company) horticultor^.m. horticulturist horticultura s.f. horticulture hotarare s.f. (decizie) decision; (ora order; (decret) decree; (judeca r eased) judg(e)ment, sentec (arbitrald) award

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HOT-HOV

~ a administratiei locale - by(e)-law ~ judecatoreasca - judg(e)ment, sentence ~ judecatoreasca de declarare in stare de faliment - decree in bankruptcy, adjudication order ~ judecatoreasca de lichidare - winding-up order ~ judecatoreasca de scoatere de sub sechestru - replevin ~ judecatoreasca definitiva - judg(e)ment absolute ~ judecatoreasca executorie - enforceable judg(e)ment ~ judecatoreasca in contumacie - judg(e)ment in absence

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175

hotart v.t. (dr.) to decide, to rule; (o penalitate, o plata) to award ~ asupra unei spete - {dr.) to deal with a case ~ in fond - (dr.) to decide on the merits of the case hotels./?, hotel ~ -pensiune - residential hotel hotelier adj. hotel... s.m. {proprietor sau director al unui hotel) hotelkeeper, hotelman hovercraft s.n. (aeroglisor, nava pe pernd de aer) hovercraft, air-cushion ship/vessel ~ costier - coaster hovercraft ~ pentru pasageri - passenger hovercraft

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I iard s.n. (unitate de masurd pentru lungime) yard identificare s.f. identification ~ automata - (a unui produs) automatic identification identitate s.f. identity ~ a corporatiei - (man.) corporate identity ~ falsa — (pentru incasarea unui cec) false pretences ieftin adj. cheap, inexpensive ieftinatate s.f. cheapness, inexpensiveness ieftini v.t. to reduce/to diminish the price ofv.r. to fall in price, to come/to go down ierarhic adj. hierarchical adv. hierarchically, through the usual channels ierarhie s.f. hierarchy; levels of authority, chain of command ierarhizare s.f. (a posturilor in functie de competenta cerutd si salarizarea corespunzdtoare) grading igiena s.f. hygiene igiena muncii - industrial health/ hygiene ignorat adj. (despre actiuni puse in vdnzare) neglected ilegal adj. illegal, unlawful, illicit adv. illegally, unlawfully ilegalitate s.f. 1. (caracter ilegal) illegality, unlawfulness 2. (act) unlawful act; secret/underground activity ilicit adj. illicit, illegal, unlawful adv. illicitly

iluzie s.f. illusion ~ monetara - (ideea falsa cd banii avea o putere fixd de cumpdrc tendinta de a ignora modifies valorii banilor din cauza inflatiei sa deflatiei) money illusion imagine s.f. 1. image 2. (imprimatur monedd, marcd) mintage ~ a corporatiei - (man.) corpc image ~ a marcii - brand(ed) image imigra v.i. to immigrate imigrant.s'.w. immigrant imobil s.n. house; (cladire) build (cu teren, instalatii) premises ~ comercial - business premises ~ cu locuinte - collective housing imobiliar adj. real, immovable imobiliza v.t. (un capital) immobilize, to tie up, to lock away.1 impact s. n. impact ~ al impozitului - tax impact impar adj. odd imperialism^.?!, imperialism ~ economic - economic imperialism implementa v.t. to implement implicare s.f. (a unui cumpdrdtor luarea unei decizii atunci cdnd c. zitioneazd un produs) involvement import s. n. import; importation ~ cu scutire de taxe vamale --free importation ~ global - total import ~ interzis - prohibited import ~ masiv - heavy import importuri invizibile - (import servicii) invisible imports

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IMP-IMP 177 ~ paralele - (de produse cu preturi mai scdzute decdt cele din propria tard) parallel imports ~ vizibile - (import de mdrfuri) visible imports importa v.t. to import importator s.m. importer ~ independent - independent importer impostura s.f. (pentru incasarea unui cec) false pretences impozabil adj. taxable, leviable; (despre o proprietate) rat(e)able, assessable; (referitor la taxele vamale etc.) dutiable; (referitor la accize) excisable; (referitor la taxele rutiere, taxele percepute in piete, targuri etc.) tollable impozit s.n. tax, duty, impost, contribution; (taxa rutierd, impozit per- ceput in piete, targuri etc.) toll ~ amanat - deferred tax ~ anual - (pe proprietate) reprises ~ ascuns/indirect - hidden tax ~ asupra prelucrarii industriale a produselor - processing tax ~ auto - (mai ales la masinile de import) car tax ~ conform categoriei de impunere - schedule(d) tax ~ degresiv - degressive tax ~ direct - direct tax ~ echitabil - equitable tax ~ extraordinar - emergency tax ~ fiscal/pe timbru - stamp duty ~ funciar - land/ground tax ~ global/forfetar - lump-sum tax ~ imobiliar - real estate tax ~ indirect - indirect tax ~ local/municipal - council/local/ municipal tax

~ negativ - (transfer de venit, de la cei bogati la cei sdraci, in vederea garan- tdrii unui venit minim acestora din urmd) negative income tax ~ pe avere - wealth tax ~ pe cap de locuitor - capitation(tax), head/poll tax ~ pe capital - capital tax, tax on capital ~ pe ca§tigul de capital - capital gains tax ~ pe chirii - rent tax ~ pe cifra de afaceri - turnover tax, tax on turnover ~ pe circulatia marfurilor - (perceput in jiecare etapd a procesului de distribute) sales/tumover/transactions/ cascade tax ~ pe consuin - consumption/ expenditure tax, tax on consumption ~ pe dividende - dividend tax ~ pe dobanda - interest tax ~ pe donatie - donation/gift duty ~ pe incasari - receipts tax ~ pe lux - luxury tax ~ pe profit - profit/revenue tax; (SUA) corporate/corporation tax ~ pe profitui excedentar nedistribuit - (impozit pe dividendele nedistribuite primite de o societate de investitii financiare) excess retention tax ~ pe proprietate - property tax ~ pe salarii - salary tax ~ pe supraprofit - excess profits tax, supertax ~ pe unitate/unitar - unit tax ~ pe venit - income tax; (SUA) federal income tax ~ pe venitui global - total income tax ~ pe venitui personal - personal income tax

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178 ~ progresiv - progressive tax ~ proportional cu venitui - graduated income tax ~ regresiv - regressive tax ~ represiv - (pentru franarea inves- titiilsr, a consumului) repressive tax ~ restant - (5' UA) delinquent tax ~ retinut la sursa - withholding tax ~ succesoral/pe mostenire - inheritance tax, succession duty, estate duty/tax ~ unic — single tax ~ uniform - flat tax impozite de asigurari sociale - social security taxes ~ si taxe - taxes and dues impozita v.t. to tax; to levy taxes on impozitare s.f. taxation ~ la sursa a venitului - (din salami) pay as you earn ~ multipla/dubia - multiple taxation ~ proportionala cu posibilitatea de a plati - ability-to-pay taxation impresar^./n. impresario imprima v.t. 1. (a tipdri) to print 2. (tesaturi) to (im)print; (prin apdsare cu sigiliul, stampild) to emboss imprimat adj. printed s.n. print; (for- mular) form pi. printed works, print matter/paper imprimerie s.f. 1. printing office/ works/house 2. (de tesaturi) printery impune v.t. 1. to impose: (o sarcina) to assign 2. (fiscal) to tax; (o proprietate) to rate, to assess; (plata accizelor) to excise ~ excesiv - to overtax impunere s.f. 1. imposing; (a unei sarcini) assignment 2. (fiscala) taxation; (a unei proprietdti) rating, assessment

~ excesiva - overtaxation ~ nejustificata - exaction ~ pe piata de catre consumatori - unui produs} consumer pullthrough ~ proportionala cu venitui graduated taxation imputa v.t. (bani) to deduct... (frc to charge imputare s.f. (in bani) charge imunitate s.f. immunity ~ diplomatics - diplomatic privilege ~ fiscala - tax franchise ~ parlamentara - parliamenta immunity ~ vamala - duty-free import imunizare s.f. (procesul de stabilire{ mentinere a unei duratii egale la acfl| si pasive in vederea reducerii rise ratei dobanzil) (fin.) immunization inactiv adj. inactive; (stagnant) (neproductiv) dormant; (nefolosit) unemployed; (despre o piata) sluggish; (fdrd tranzactii) (bur.) list inactivitate s.f. inactivity; (stagn dullness inalienabil adj. inalien< unassignable inamovibil adj. irremovable inamovibilitate s.f. irremovability inaugura v.t. to inaugurate; deschide) to open incapacitate s.f. 1. (de mu. disability; (invaliditate) inval 2. (juridica) disability; (legald) (If, incapacity ~ de a actiona in justitie - disabilit sue ~ de a mcheia contracte - disabilit enter into contracts ~ de a mstraina o proprietat disability to alienate property

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INC-IND 179

~ de munca permanenta §i totala - total permanent incapacity ~ de plata a datoriilor - inability to pay debts ~ temporara de munca - temporary disability incaso s.n. collection of payments ~ documentar - (pperatiune de inca- sare efectuatd de banca exportatorului la dispozitia acestuid) documentary collection incendiere s.f. setting on fire ~ premeditata - (asig.) arson incendiu s.n. 1. fire 2. (provocat) (asig.) arson incertitudine s.f. (situatie in care rezultatele unei decizii nu sunt sigure) uncertainty include v.t. 1. to include, to add in, to comprise, to contain; (intr-un plic) to enclose; (a inserd) to insert 2. (costut) to figure in inclusiv adj. (despre preturi, tarife) inclusive (of) adv. inclusive; inclusively; included ~ cheltuielile - charges included ~ toate cheltuielile - inclusive of all charges incorporal adj. (dr.) incorporeal inculpa v.t. to indict, to charge, to inculpate indemniza v.t. to indemnify, to requite indemnizatie s.f. (despdgubire) indemnity, compensation; (alocatie) allowance, benefit, pay; (de drum etc.} pay, allowance ~ de boala - sick allowance/benefit/ pay, statutory sick pay, sickness benefit ~ de celeritate - (mar.) dispatch money

~ de concediere - dismissal compensation/pay/wage, terminal wages ~ de concediu - vacation allowance, holiday pay ~ de deces — (platibild in caz de deces) (asig.) death benefit ~ de deplasare - (in interes de ser- viciu) travel/travelling allowance, subsistence allowance/money; (acor- datd martorilor intr-un proces) conduct money; (pe numdr de mile) mileage ~ de formare/pregatire - training allowance ~ de greva - strike benefit/pay ~ de munca in strainatate - foreign allowance ~ de reprezentare - entertainment allowance ~ de §omaj - dole ~ familiala - family allowance ~ parlamentara - member's emoluments ~ pentru cointeresare/stimulare - (acordatd conducerii unei societdti) (man.) enabling/goodwill payment ~ pentru cre§terea preturilor - deamess allowance ~ pentru incapacitate de munca - disability benefit ~ pentru persoane tntretinute de salariat - dependants' benefit ~ personala - personal allowance - speciala - perquisite independenta s.f. independence ~ economica — (economic) self- -sufficiency indescifrabil adj. undecipherable, indecipherable; (ilizibil) illegible indexare s.f. indexation

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180 IND-IND indicator s. n. indicator; index ~ al strazilor - street directory ~ al variatiilor sezoniere - index adjusted for seasonal variations, index adjusted seasonally ~ de cale ferata - railway indicator/ pole indicatori economici - economic indicators ~ financtari - financial indicators indice s.m. index ~ al costului vietii - cost-of-living index ~ al preturilor - price index ~ al preturilor de consum - (indicele preturilor cu amdnuntuJ) consumer price index, index of retail prices ~ al preturilor producatorilor - producer price index ~ al salariilor - wages index ~ bursier/al cursului actiunilor - share index ~ corectat - rectified index ~ de cantitate - quantity/volume index ~ de dezvoltare a marcii - (care aratd mdsura in care un produs pdtrunde pe diferite zone ale unei piete) brand development index ~ de lichiditate - (fin.) liquidity ratio ~ de solvabilitate - (fin.) solvency ratio ~ de uzura - wear index ~ financiar - financial ratio ~ general al preturilor - general price index ~ individual al preturilor - individual price index ~ sintetic al preturilor - aggregate price index indici ponderati - weighted in^ es

individual adj. 1. individual; (personal) personal 2. (dr.) several indiviz adj. (dr.) undivided, joint indiviziune s.f. (dr.) joint ownership/ tenancy industrial adj. industrial industrialism s.n. industrialism industrializa v.t. to industrialize industrial 5. m. industrialist industrie s.f. industry industria alimentara - food industry ~ casnica/artizanala - home/cottage/ family industry ~ cauciucului - the rubber industry ~ ceramica - pottery industry ~ chimica - chemical industry ~ conservelor - packing industry ~ constructiilor de masini — mechanical engineering/machine building (industry) ~ de automobile - car/automotive industry ~ de prelucrare a lemnului -woodworking industry ~ distractiilor/spectacolelor -amusement industry ~ editorials - publishing industry ~ extractive - extractive industry ~ fbrestiera - forest/timber/wood industry ;, ~ frigului - refrigerating industry, cold! storage trade • ~ grea - heavy industry | ~ hartiei - paper industry | • ~ hoteliera - hotel industry/trade |

metalurgica - metallurgic(,-

industry ~ miniera - mining industry ~ otelului - steel industry ~ petroliera - oil/petroleum industry ~ poligrafica - printing industry

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IND-INF 181 ~ prelucratoare - process/processing/ manufacturing industry ~ primara — (care extrage si adund resursele naturale prin activitdti cum ar fi mineritui, agricultura etc.) primary industry ~ secundara - {care utilizeazd resursele industriei primare) secondary industry ~ spectacolelor - show business ~ tertiara/serviciilor - tertiary/service industry ~ textila - textile industry ~ timpului liber - leisure industry ~ transporturilor - carrying trade ~ turistica - tourist trade ~ u$oara - light industry ~ viticola - wine industry industrie-cheie/de baza - key industry ~ cu investitii man pe unitatea de produs - capital-intensive industry ~ cu perspective de dezvoltare -growth industry ~ locala - local industry ~ meste$ugareasca - handicraft industry ~ noua - infant industry ~ principals - staple industry ~ protejata - (impotriva concurentei strdine) sheltered industry ~ subvenfionata - subsidized industry industrii conexe - related industries inertie s.f. inertia ~ industrials - (dezinteresul unor proprietari de intreprinderi indtistriale de a-si muta societdtile in alte locuri mai propice desfdsurdrii activitdtii) industrial inertia inexigibil adj. inexigible, undue, not due

inferior adj. (despre calitate) low, poor; (despre metale etc.) base inflatie s.f. inflation ~ anticipata - forestalled inflation ~ ascunsa/mascata - hidden inflation ~ controlata - pent-up inflation ~ de crestere - (situatie in care inflatia, in anumite conditii si pro- portii, poate contribui la cresterea economica) growth inflation ~ de penurie - (cdnd oferta insu- ficientd exercitd presiuni de mdrire a preturilor) shortage inflation, short squeeze ~ galopanta - hyperinflation, runaway inflation ~ lenta/taratoare - creeping inflation ~ prin cerere - (cauzatd de cresterea cererii agregate fata de oferta agre- gata) demand-induced/-pull inflation ~ prin costuri — (cauzatd de cresterea costurilor de productie independent de cererea agregata) cost-push inflation ~ prin moneda - (cauzatd de emisiuni monetare excesive) money supply inflation ~ structurala - structural inflation ~ suprimata - suppressed inflation inflationism s. n. inflationism inflationist adj. inflationary s.m. (adept al inflationismului) inflationist influenta s.f. influence ~ ilegala — (presiune exercitatd pentru semnarea unui contract) (dr.) undue influence informatica s.f informatics ~ de gestiune - business/administrative data processing informatie s.f. information ~ ascunsa — (forma de manifestare a hazardului moral intr-o relatie

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182 1NF-INS contractuald incompletd) hidden information ~ asimetrica - (cu distribute inegald intre participantii la o tranzactie) asymmetric information ~ economica - economic information infractiune s.f. offence, malfeasance, breaking/infringement of the law, transgression infrastructura s.f. infrastructure; social (overhead) capital inginer s.m. engineer ~ agronom - agricultural engineer, agronomist ~ constructor - civil engineer ~ consultant - consulting engineer ~ de constructii navale - naval architect ~ de exploatare - operating/works engineer ~ de poduri si sosele - government civil engineer ~ electrician - electrical engineer ~ mecanic - mechanical engineer ~ minier - mining engineer ~ silvic - silvicultural/forestry expert ~ -sef- chief engineer ~ tehnolog - process engineer inginerie s.f. engineering ~ financiara - financial engineering ~ tehnica - engineering insolvabil adj. insolvent insolvabilitate s.f, insolvency inspecta v.;. to inspect, to survey, to examine inspector s.m. inspector, surveyor, (inspection) officer ~ de asigurari - (in sectorul asi- gurdrilor pentru accidente si incendii) insurance surveyor

~ de credite - credit officer, loan administrator/officer ~ de registru/clasificare - (mar.} (classification) surveyor, ship's/marine; maritime surveyor ~ de tonaj - (mar.) tonnage ga(u)ging surveyor ~ financiar - tax inspector, inspector of taxes ~ general - inspector general ~ sanitar - officer of health, sanitary inspector ~ silvic - forester ~ vamal - customs inspector/surveyor ~ vamal maritim -jerquer ~ vamal terestru - land waiter inspectorate, n. inspectorate ~ maritim - marine board inspectie s.f. inspection, survey, examination ~ de clasificare — (a registrului naval) survey classification ~ tehnica - technical inspection/survey ~ vamala - customs inspection/survey instabil adj. unstable; (despre piata bursierd) volatile; (fluctuant) wide instabilitate s.f. instability; (fluctuatie) unsteadiness ~ politica - political uncertainty instalatie s.f. installation; equipment, outfit; plant ~ de apa - plumbing ~ de iluminat - illumination plant ~ de operat cereale - (mar.) bulk grain-handling appliance ~ de operat marfuri in vrac - (mar.) bulk cargo handling facility ~ de punte - (mar.) deck gear ~ frigorifica - refrigerating/cold--storage plant, freezer ~ in aer liber/deschisa - outdoor plant

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INS-INT 183

~ sanitara - sanitary installation instalatii de santier - site facilities ~ portuare - harbour/port facilities ~ portuare de operare - (incdrcare, descdrcare) shipping facilities instanta s.f. (dr.') instance, law court, court (of justice) ~ civila - civil court ~ penala - criminal court institui v.t. to institute, to set up, to establish ~ retentie asupra - to put a lien on ~ un embargo - to embargo, to lay an embargo institute. institute ~ de cercetari - research institute • ~ de proiectare - design institute institutie s.f. institution, establishment ~ bugetara - budgetary institution ~ de binefacere - charity/benevolent/ philanthropic institution ~ de stat - public office ~ mandatata - corporate trustee institutional adj. institutional institutionalism s.n. institutionalism instructiune s.f. instruction, direction, order instructiuni ale armatorului - (mar.) shipowner's directions ~ de asigurare - insurance instructions ~ de exploatare - working instructions ~ de folosire - service instructions ~ de virare din cont curent in cont de depozit - (sau invers) bank sweep arrangements ~ tehnice - engineer regulations instrui v.t. to instruct; to train instruire s.f. instruction; training ~ in cadrul intreprinderii - training within industry, in-house training

instrument s.n. 1. instrument; (unealta) tool, implement; (dispozitiv) device 2. (act juridic) (legal) instrument d~ de plata - instrument of payment ~ financiar/de credit - credit instrument ~ incomplet de plata - {cambia) inchoate instrument ~ monetar - monetary instrument instrumente de control - inspection tools ~ negociabile - (fin.) negotiable instruments/securities, trad(e)able instruments insuficient adj. insufficient, deficient, scarce, short; (despre stocuri, rezerve) low; (despre bani, capitaluri) stringent integrare s.f. integration ~ economics - economic integration ~ orizontala - (fuziunea organizatiilor in aceeasi companie, Qpusd integrdrii verticale) horizontal/lateral integration ~ sociala - social integration ~ verticals - (integrarea productiei cu sursele de aprovizionare si cu pietele de desfacere) vertical integration intensitate s.f. intensity ~ a capitalului - (yaloarea activelor necesare pentru a produce un dolar de vdnzdri) capital intensity interdictie s.f. interdiction, forbiddance, ban, prohibition ~ a importului - import ban/ prohibition ~ de a executa ore suplimentare - overtime ban interes s. n. interest ~ asigurabil - insurable interest ~ public - public interest

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184 interimar adj. temporary, provisional, acting, ad interim mterimats.n. interim interior adj. internal, interior, inner s.n. 1. interior, inside 2. (al unui stat) inland, interior; (tard) home intermediar adj. intermediate, intermediary s.m. intermediate, intermediary, agent, middleman, factor, go-between, bargain maker ~ al fuziunii - merger broker ~ de schimburi valutare - exchange jobber ~ financiar - financial intermediary ~ in comertui angro - full-function wholesaler ~ in comertui cu marfuri - produce broker a fi ~ - to intermediate; (intre) to deal (between) intermediere s.f. intermediation; (a unei afaceri, a unei tranzactif) factorage ~ bursiera - stockjobbery, stockjobbing ~ financiara - financial intermediation interministerial adj. interdepartmental intern adj. internal; domestic, home interstatal adj. interstate interveni v.i. to intervene interventie s.f. (a statului in economic, a bdncii centrale pe piata financiar- -bancard etc.) intervention ~ a statului - state/government interference ~ bancara - (pentru sustinerea cursului). banking support interventionist s.m. (adept al inter- ventiei statului in economic) interventionist intervieva v.t. to interview

interviu s.n. interview ~ nedirijat/nestandardizat - informal interview ~ prin telefon - telephone interview interzice v.t. to forbid, to interdict, to prohibit, to ban interzicere s.f. forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban intraprenoriat s.n. (promo varea call- | tdtilor de antreprenor in interiond \ marilor companii) intrapreneurship | intrare s.f. 1. entering; entrance 2. (is posesie) (dr.) entry, entrance 3. (inre- gistrare in cont) (cont.) entry ~ in functie - assumption of an office, taking up duties ~ in posesie - (dr.) entry, entrance ~ in posesie prin fbrta - (dr.) forcible entry ~ in vigoare - coming into force/effect introduce v.t. to introduce; (a insera} to insert; (marfuri, propuneri etc.) ttt bring in; (o clauza) to put in inunda v.t. 1. to flood, to inundate 2. (piata cu o marfd) to glut invalida v.t. (dr.) to invalidate invaliditate s.f. invalidity, disability; disablement ~ totala - complete disability inventar s.n. inventory, stocktaking (lista) list, bill, schedule ~ agricol - agricultural implements ~ continuu - continuous inventory ~ de lada - packing list/note/sheet/sUj ~ fizic - physical inventory ~ mort - (utilaje si constr agricole) deadstock ~ pe stocuri - lot-size inventory ~ periodic - (cont.) periodic inventory ~ permanent - (mentinut la zi) (con perpetual inventory

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1NV-IPO 185 ~ viu - (septel) livestock a face un ~ - to inventory, to draw up an inventory, to take stock of an inventory inventaria v. t. to inventory investi v.t. to invest; (a plasa) to place, to vest, to put out ~ excesiv - to overinvest investitor^.w. investor ~ institutional - (organisme care dispun de resurse importante, care procedeazd in mod regulat la investitii si care gestioneazd portofolii de man dimensiuni, precum companiile de asigurdri, fondurile de pensii si investitii, handle) institutional investors ~ mare - (investitor strategic) big investor ~ mic - small investor investitie s.f. investment; (plasament) placement, placing ~ aducatoare de profit - (constant si sigur) true investment ~ autonoma - (cheltuieli de investitie care nu sunt induse de modificdri ale nivelului productiei, ci sunt realizate pentru dezvoltarea infrastructurii) autonomous investment ~ bruta - gross investment ~ comerciala - (investitia uneifirme in actiunile unei companii din acelasi sector de activitate cu eel al investitorului) trade investment ~ comunitara/obsteasca - community investment ~ cu rise scazut - conservative investment ~ de capital - capital investment ~ directa - direct investment ~ etica - ethical investment ~ excesiva - overinvestment ~ externa - foreign investment

~ financiara - financial investment ~ fixa - (in infrastructura) fixed investment ~ involuntara - (in stocuri de mar/a, cauzatd de productia pe stoc) involuntary investment ~ in obiecte de valoare - non-monetary investment ~ in strainatate - international/ overseas investment ~ necorespunzatoare - unsuitability ~ negativa - disinvestment, negative investment ~ neta - net investment ~ pe termen lung - long-term investment, lockaway, lockup ~ planificata - planned investment ~ privata - private investment ~ productiva - productive investment ~ publica/de stat - public/government investment ~ sigura - safe investment ~ straina - foreign investment ~ straina directa - foreign direct investment investitii de portofoliu - portfolio investments ~ induse - (termen care desemneazd investitiile realizate pentru satisfacerea cresteru constatate sou estimate a cererii de bunuri economice) induced/ passive investments ~ speculative - speculative investments ipoteca v.t. to mortgage, to hypothecate; (a gaja) to pledge ipotecar adj. hypothecary a fi obligat ~ - to be bound by mortgage ipotecare s.f. mortgage, mortgaging, hypothecation; (go/are) pledging ipoteca s.f. mortgage, hypothec; (gaj) pledge

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186 IPO-IZV ~ aeronautica - aircraft mortgage ~ asiguratorie - endowment mortgage ~ contributiva/colectiva - (ipoteca data unui singur creditor, alcdtuitd prin contributiile mai muhor persoane) contributory mortgage ~ cu amortizare graduala/progresiva - graduated payment mortgage ~ cu dobanda variabila - adjustable/ variable rate mortgage ~ cu termen scurt de rambursare -quick-pay mortgage ~ de prim rang - (creantd garantatd printr-o ipoteca imobiliard fdrd rang anterior) first mortgage ~ de rang inferior - (ipoteca precedatd de unul sau mai multe ranguri) junior mortgage ~ de rangul doi - (creantd garantatd printr-o ipoteca imobiliard de rang posterior care se adaugd la ipoteca de prim rang) second mortgage ~ deschisa — (a caret sumd poate fi mdrita) open mortgage ~ echitabila - (ipoteca neinscrisd pentru garantarea unui credit) equitable mortgage ~ generala/totala - blanket mortgage ~ globala - (care inlocuieste tin numdr de ipoteci existente) blanket mortgage

~ imobiliara - residential mortgage ~ in bani - capital mortgage ~ invaluitoare - (ipoteca secundara) mortgage wraparound ~ judiciara - mortgage by order of the court ~ legala - legal mortgage ~ maritima/navala - maritime/ ship mortgage ~ maximala - (ipoteca constituitd pentru o creantd nedeterminata) maximum sum mortgage ~ mobiliara - chattel mortgage ~ preferentiala - senior mortgage ~ prin inchiriere - (SUA) leasehold mortgage ~ principals - head mortgage a face o ~ - to mortgage, to raise a mortgage a greva un bun cu o ~ - to encumber an estate with mortgage irosi v.t. to squander, to waste istorie s.f. history ~ economica - economic history itinerar s.n. itinerary, route, way; (maritim sau aviatic) lane ~ turistic - tourist itinerary izvor s.n. spring ~ de ape minerale - spa

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/\ imbarca v.t. 1. (mar.) (persoane) to embark; (marfuri) to ship, to take aboard, to haul on board 2. (in tren) to entrain 3. (in avion) to enplane v.r. 1. (mar.) to embark, to go aboard a ship 2. (;>2 tren) to entrain 3. (f?i avion) to enplane imbarcare ,?./ 1. (mar.) (de persoane) embarkation, embarkment; (de marfuri) shipment, shipping (of goods) 2. (in tren) entraining 2. (in avion) enplaning ~ de balast - (mar.) ballastage imbogati v.t. to make rich/wealthy, to enrich v.r. to enrich oneself, to get/to grow rich a se ~ rapid/peste noapte - to strike it rich imbogatire s.f. enrichment, enriching, money-making imbracaminte s.f. clothes, clothing, wear, (wearing) apparel ~ de protectie - protective clothing imbunatati v.t. 1. to improve, to better 2. (a asana/a recupera un teren) to reclaim imbunatatire betterment ~ continua - improvement imbunatatiri funciare - land improvement/betterment, reclamation a face ~ funciare - to reclaim impacheta v.t. to pack (up), to package; (a inveli) to wrap (up) impachetare s.f. package, packing; (invelire) wrapping

impaduri v.t. to afforest, to put (a region) under timber imparti v.t. to share (out), to apportion; (a distribui) to distribute, to give out; (a alocd) to allot; (a parcela) to parcel out; (a defaica, a scinda) to break down; (a repartiza un rise) (asig.) to spread; (scrisori) to deliver; (carftle de joc) to deal out; (pomana) lo dole; (intre) to partition, to divide (among, between); (cifre) (la) to divide (by) impartire s.f. sharing, apportionment, division; (distribute) distribution; (alocare) allotment; (defalcare, scin- dare) breakdown; (repartizare a unui rise) (asig.) spread ~ a pietei - market sharing ~ a timpului de folosire - time sharing impovara v.t. (cu datorii, impozite, responsabilitati) to saddle impovarator adj. (oneros) burdensome tmproprietari v.t. to put in possession of land, to appropriate land to improprietarire s.f. allotment, appropriation, assignment; (reformd agrara) land reform imprumut s.n. loan, accomodation, advance; (credit) credit; (acordat unei

s.f. improvement, (man.)

continuous

intreprinderi care produce pentru stat sau pentru derularea unor servicii publice) imprest ~ bancar - bank advance/loan ~ conditionat/cu clauze restrictive - tied loan ~ consolidat — (credit ipotecar pe termen lung, acordat pentru o perioadd mai mare de 10 ani) permanent loan

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188 IMP-IMP ~ contra semnatura - (credit care nu necesitd garantii suplimentare) signature loan ~ cu autolichiditate - (imprumut pentru finantarea activelor curente) self-liquidating loan ~ cu dobanda variabila - (in functie de rata primard a bdncii) floating prime ~ cu garantie - collateral loan, loan against collateral/security ~ de asistenta - aid loan ~ de razboi - war loan ~ de stat - government/public loan ~ de titluri - securities lending ~ extern - foreign/external loan ~ garantat - secured loan ~ garantat cu un stoc - warehouse receipt loan ~ ipotecar - mortgage/real estate loan ~ ipotecar pentru imbunatatiri funciare - development mortgage ~ tn doua valute - (imprumut pe baza de obligatiuni emise in doua valute} dual currency loan ~ la termen - time/term loan ~ maritim - (cu ipotecarea nave!) bottomry; (cu angajarea mdrfii) respondentia ~ negarantat - straight/unsecured/ fiduciary loan ~ nerecuperabil - dead loan ~ obligatar - bond issue/loan ~ pe termen lung - long (-term) loan ~ pe termen scurt - short (-term) loan ~ pentru amortizare - redemption loan ~ pentru masuri provizorii/ temporare - stopgap loan ~ pentru o saptamana - weekly loan/money

~ pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe alta — (acordat caselor de compensate sas agentilor de bursa) daily loan/money, day-to-day loan/money; (acordat agentilor de bursa) street loan ~ pentru tranzactii - (in vederea acoperirii necesarului de fond de • rulment) transaction loan 1 ~ personal - (credit, rambursabil is \ rate lunare, acordat persoanelor fizice, in special salariati, pentru achizi-tionarea de bunuri de consum) personal loan ~ -punte/de legatura - (finantare interimard, imprumut pe termen scurt pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut permanent) bridge loan ~ rambursabil in valuta tarii creditoare - hard loan ~ rambursabil la cerere - call/loan demand, money at/on call ~ rambursabil la cerere si cu preaviz - money at call and short notice ~ reciproc - (aranjament financiar prin care doua companii se imprumutd reciproc in vederea operatiilor de export-import) back-to-back-loan ~ sindicalizat - syndicated/ participating loan ~ sintetic - (transformarea unui imprumut cu ratd flotantd intr-unul cu ratdfixd prin folosirea ratelor dobdnzii la termen) synthetic loan a acorda un ~ - to grant a loan a emite un ~ - to issue a loan a face un ~ - to raise/to conclude/to make a loan a lansa un ~ - to float a loan

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1MP-INC 189

imprumuta v.t. (a da cu imprumut) to lend; (a lua cu imprumut) to borrow; (bani) to accommodate with ~ cu camata - to lend upon usury imprumutat s.m. (persoand care ia cu imprumut') borrower imputernici v.t. to empower, to commission; (dr.) to warrant; (a delegd) to depute tmputernicire s.f. mandate, trust, commission, power; warrant; (procura) power/warrant of attorney, proxy, deed trust ~ de a semna -signatory power ~ expresa - express trust ~ pasiva — (prin care mandatarul nu are nici o sarcind activa) (dr.) passive/bare/dry trust imputernicit s.m. 1. (mandatar) mandatory, procurator, proxy, attorney (-in-fact) 2. (authorized) agent; (reprezentant) representative inprep. in ~ bransa - in the trade/line ~ calitate de - acting as ~ comision - on commission ~ comun si pentru supravietuitor - (formula dintr-o politd de asigurare de viata) joint and survivorship ~ conditii de linie - (despre o navd) under liner terms ~ cont comun - on joint account ~ contrapartida - (cont.) as per contra ~ contui - for account of ~ contui avariei comune - (asig. mar.) on account of general average ~ contui beneficiarului - (formula pe un cec) account payee ~ contui si pe riscul incarcatorilor - (asig. mar.) on account and risk of shippers

~ drum spre - (mar.) bound for ~ drum spre tara - (mar.) homeward- -bound ~ garantie - (despre mdrfuri pdstrate in antrepozit pdnd la plata taxelor vamale) under bond ~ numerar - in cash ~ plus sau in minus - over or under ~ strainatate - abroad ~ suspensie - (dr.) abeyant ~ termeni reali - in real terms ~ termeni relativi - in relative terms ~ tranzit - in transit ~ vigoare - effective, effectual ~ vigoare de la data - with effect from inainta v.t. 1. (o cerere) to forward, to submit; (o plangere, o reclamatie) to lodge; (a trimite) to send 2. (a promova) to advance, to promote inalt adj. (despre functie, rang) high ~ comisar - high commissioner incadra v.t. 1. (intr-un post) to take smb. on the staff; (cu personal) to staff, to man 2. (intr-o categoric) to grade incadrare s.f. 1. (cu personal) staffing, manning 2. (intr-o categoric) grading ~ flexibila cu personal - flexible manning ~ intr-o categoric de salarizare - labo(u)r grading incasa v.t. (un cec, un mandat postal etc.) to cash, to encash; (impozite) to collect, to raise; (datorii) to recover v.i. (in numerar) to cash, to encash incasare s.f. 1. cashing, encashment; (de impozite) collection, raising; (de datorii) recovery; (a platilor la o ipo-tecd) servicing 2. pi. (sume) receipts, returns, takings, incomings incasari brute/globale - gross receipts ~ din vanzari - sales revenue

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190 INC-INC ~ documentare - (serviciu bancar oferit exportatorului, prin care banca aranjeazd ca documentatia de transport sd fie trimisd importatoruhu contra platii mdrfii) documentary collections ~ estimative - estimated receipts ~ fiscale/din impozite - internal revenue, inland revenue/receipts, tax revenue/receipts ~ marunte - petty cash ~ nete - net receipts ~ si cheltuieli - incomings and outgoings, receipts and expenses/ expenditure ~ si plati - receipts and payments ~ totale - total receipts ~ zilnice - daily receipts incasator s.m. collector; payee; (de impozite, agent fiscal) receiver, exacter, exactor ~ de impozite - tax collector incaka v.t. 1. (o proprietate) to trespass (on/upon) 2. (drepturi) to violate; (o lege, un contract etc) to infringe, to break incalcare s.f. 1. (a unei proprietdti) trespassing 2. (de drepturi) violation; (a unei legi, a unui contract) infringement, breach ~ a contractului - breach of contract ~ a drepturilor de brevet - patent infringement ~ a regulamentului - breach of the regulations incarca v.t. 1. to load, to burden; (o nava) to freight, to lade, to ship 2. (la plata) to overcharge incarcare s.f. 1. loading; (a unei nave) freightage, lading, shipment, shipping 2. (la plata) overcharging

~ compacta - (fdrd spatii libere) tight loading ~ in contui armatorului - (mar.) gross terms loading ~ in contui incarcatorului - (mar.) shipper's load and account ~ in vrac - loading in bulk ~ la dana - loading on the berth ~ la rand - turn loading/shipping, loading in turn ~ manuala - hand loading ~ maxima - (pe unitatea de suprafata) maximum load ~ mecanizata - machine loading ~ necorespunzatoare - unsuitable loading/shipping ~ paletizata - unit loading ~ pe slepuri - lighterage ~ per unitate de spatiu - load per unit ~ prin greutatea proprie/moarta - dead load | ~ si pontare in contui incarcatorului - (mar.) shipper's load and tally, load: and tally in shipper's account incarcat adj. (despre nava) laden,! shipped, loaded condition ~ cu balast - loaded with blanks ~ cu marfa usoara/usor - lightl) laden ~ cu marfuri generale - laden wit generals ~ in minus - (fata de cantitatea men tionatd in conosament) short-shipped ~ in stare si conditie aparent bune shipped in apparent good order condition ~ in vrac - laden in bulk ~ pe nava - shipped, waterbome ~ pe punte - (despre anumite mdrfw deck-loaded ~ peste marca - flat-sided, overladen

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INC-INC 191 ~ ,,plin si la marca" - full and down condition incarcator s.m. loader, handler; (instalatie) loader, loading installation ~ cu platforma - elevating loader ~ de marfa in vrac - bulk loader ~ de nava - shipper, ship loader ~ hidraulic - hydraulic loader ~ mobil - portable loader ~ si carau§ - shipper and carrier incarcatura s.f. load, loading; burden; (transportatd cu nava, avionul sau autovehiculut) cargo; freight, lade, lading, shipment ~ a navei - shipload, shipment ~ alterabila - perishable cargo ~ ambalata violabila - broachable cargo ~ amestecata - composite/mixed cargo ~ aruncata peste bord - (de pe o nava in pericol, care se scufundd sau este dusa de valuri la mat) jetsam ~ avariata/deteriorata - damaged cargo ~ comerciala - commercial load ~ completa - (a navei) shipfull, shipload, full load ~ congelata - frozen cargo ~ containerizabila - containerizable cargo ~ contain erizata - containerized cargo ~ cu miros specific - (emandnd gaze care contamineazd alte mdrfuri sensibile) odorous cargo ~ cu penalizare - penalty cargo ~ de animale vii - animal load ~ de cabotaj - coasting cargo ~ de cherestea - timber cargo; (SUA) lumber cargo ~ de cherestea pe punte - timber-deck cargo

~ de export - outbound cargo ~ de import - incoming cargo ~ de intoarcere - homeward/inbound cargo ~ de marfuri generale - general cargo ~ de palet - pallet load ~ de petrol/titei - oil/petrol/petroleum cargo ~ de produse albe - clean cargo ~ de produse negre - black/dirty cargo ~ de transportat -, carrying load ~ de tranzit - working cargo; in-transit shipment ~ de umplutura - filler cargo ~ de valoare - valuable cargo ~ de volum/cubaj - measurement cargo ~ expediata - outbound shipment, consignment ~ fluida - fluid cargo ~ grea - deadweight cargo ~ incompleta - underloading ~ inflamabila - inflammable cargo ~ in bale - bale cargo ~ in butoaie - barrel(led) cargo ~ in lazi - case cargo ~ in primejdie - distress cargo ~ in saci - bag(ged) cargo ~ in stare buna - cargo in good condition ~ in vrac - bulk cargo/freight, loose bulk cargo ~ lichida - liquid cargo ~ maxima - ultimate load ~ mixta - composite/mixed cargo ~ neamarata - unsecured cargo ~ nepericuloasa - safe load ~ nerujata - untrimmed cargo ~ neta - net load ~ nociva - noxious cargo ~ paletizata - palletized cargo

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192 INC-INC ~ pe punte — (mdrfuri periculoase, cu volum mare, material lemnos) deck cargo/load, shipment on deck ~ pe unitatea de suprafata - unit load ~ periculoasa - dangerous/hazardous cargo ~ permisa - permissible load ~ prafoasa - (ciment, mangal, negru defum etc.) dirty cargo ~ presupusa - assumed cargo ~ prevazuta/prescrisa - specified load ~ rubricata - subject cargo ~ rujata - trimmed cargo ~ salvata - saved cargo, salvage ~ stivuita - stowed cargo ~ transportata cu avionul - air cargo ~ umeda - moist/wet cargo ~ uniforma - uniform cargo ~ urgenta - overtime cargo; rush shipment ~ uscata - dry cargo ~ utila - (care aduce navlu) paying load, payload, pay/useful load tnceta v.t. to cease, to discontinue, to stop; (activitatea; despre o mtreprin- dere, o unitate economica) to close down; (lucrul) to leave off, to knock off incetare s.f. 1. ceasing, cessation; (a activitdtii; despre o mtreprindere, o unitate economica) closedown 2. (a unei obligatii) (dr.) cesser ~ a obligatiilor contractuale - frustration of contract ~ de plata - default a intra in ~ de plata - to default incetinire s.f. (a ritmului de lucru de catre muncitori, fdrd declansarea efectivd a grevei) slowdown incheia v.t. 1. (p afacere) to conclude, to settle, to clinch, to close with; (un

tdrg) to bargain, to strike 2. (un contract) to contract; (un contract de asigurare maritimd etc.) to underwrite; (un concordat) (dr.) to compound 3. (un bilant contabil) to make up; (un cont) to rule off incheiat adj. (despre socoteli) even inchide v.t. 1. to close, to shut 2. (o mtreprindere) to close/to shut down; (magazinul) to shut up 3. (a tdia gazele, electricitatea etc.) to shut off tnchidere s.f. 1. closing, shutting 2. (a unei intreprinderi) closedown, shutdown, shutting down; (a maga-zinului) shutting up 3. (tdiere a gaze-lor, a electricitdtii etc.) shutting off ~ catre public — (transformarea unei companii publice/deschise intr-una particulard/mchisd) going private ~ pe perioada concediilor - (afirmei) vacation shutdown ~ temporara a bancilor - (SUA) bank holiday inchiria v.t. 1. (a da sau a lua cu chirie) to lease, to rent 2. (a da cu chirie) to hire out, to let (off/out) 3. (a lua cu chirie) to hire, to.tenant 4. (un avion, o navd etc.) to charter tnchiriere s.f. 1. (dare sau luare cu chirie) lease, renting, hire, hiring; (leasing) leasing 2. (dare cu chirie) let, letting 3. (luare cu chirie) tenancy 4. (a unui avion, a unei nave) charterage, chartering ~ a navei nude - (fdrd echipaj) (mar.) demise charter ~ de echipament - equipment leasing ~ de instalatii industriale sau cladiri complet echipate - plant leasing inclinatie s.f. (spre un anumit compor- tament economic) propensity

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1NC-INM ~ marginala spre consum - marginal propensity to consume ~ marginala spre economic - marginal propensity to save ~ medie spre consum - average propensity to consume ~ medie spre economic - average propensity to save ~ spre consum - propensity to consume ~ spre economic - propensity to save ~ spre import - propensity to import ~ spre investitie - propensity to invest Tndatora v.r. (a face datorii) to fall/to get/to run into debt, to be in debt mdatorat adj. indebted indeplini v.t. to carry out; (un contract, o obligatie, un angajament) to perform, to discharge, to honour, to fulfil(l), to meet; (un contract) to execute ~ formalitatile vamale - to fulfil(l) customs formalities indeplinire s.f. carrying out; (a unui contract, a unei obligatii, a unui angajament) performance, discharge, execution ~ partiala - (a obligatiilor contrac- tuale, fapt care atestd existenta contractului) part performance indreptar^.«. handbook, guide indrumare s.f. counselling

profesionala - vocational counselling inHinta v.t. to found, to establish, to form, to set up; (o societate comer-ciald) to float; (p societate, o corpo-ratie) to incorporate infiintare s.f. foundation, establishment, formation, setting up; (a unei societdti comerciale) flo(a)tation;

(a unei societdti, a unei corporatii) incorporation mgheta v.t. (preturi, salarii, credite etc.) to freeze inghetare s.f. (a preturilor, a sala-riilor, a conturilor etc.) freeze, freezing ~ a chiriilor - (de cdtre stat) rent freeze ~ a creditelor - credit freeze ~ a preturilor - price freeze ~ a salariilor - wage freeze Tnlatura v.t. (un concurenf) to forestall inlesni v.t. to facilitate, to make easier inlesnire s.f. 1. facility, accommodation 2. pi. (inlesniri acordate salariatilor in afara salariului) amenities inlesniri pentru salariati - (transport gratuit, bonificatii etc.) employees' amenities inlocuire s.f. replacement, substitution, commutation

unei r-una

~ de inventar uzat - inventory turnover inlocuitor s.m. substitute; deputy; (al unui membru dintr-un consiliu de administrate) alternate director ~ apropiat - (al produsiiliii autentic) close substitute ~ de proasta calitate - (al produsului autentic) distant substitute Tnmagazina v.t. to store, to warehouse inmatricula v.t. (o societate, un auto-mobil, o navd etc) to register Tnmatriculare s.f. (a unei societdti, a unui automobil, a unei nave etc.) registration, registry ~ a navei - ship's registry inmana v.t. to hand over, to deliver ~ cuiva o citatie - to serve writ on

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tnregistra v.t. to register; (a consemna, a nota) to record, to write down, to set down; (intr-un registru) to book, to enter (up); (pe o lista) to enlist, to enrol(l), to bill, to enter (up); (documente intr-o arhiva, un fisier) to file; (pe o fisd continutui unei partide de marfuri, al unui document) to docket v.r. (la hotel) to check in, to sign in ~ gresit - (cont.) to misenter ~ restante - to lag behind inregistrare s.f. registration, registering, registry; (consemnare, notare) record, writing down, setting down; (intr-un registru) booking, entry; (pe o lista} enlistment, enrol(l)ment, entry; (documente intr-o arhiva, un fisier) filing; (pe o fisd a continutului unei partide de marfuri, al unui document) docketing; (la hotel) checking in, check-in ~ contabila - book entry ~ finala - (cont.) closing entry ~ gresita - (cont.) misentry ~ ipotecara - registration of mortgages ~ suplimentara - (cont.) supplementary entry ~ ulterioara - (cont.) postentry insacui v.t. to bag, to sack insamanta v.t. to sow insarcina v.t. to charge, to commission; (a incredinta ciiiva) to entrust with mscrie v.r. (a consemna, a nota) to write down, to set down, to record; (a mregistra) to register; (pe o lista) to enlist, to enrol(l), to bill, to enter (up); (intr-un registru) to book, to enter (up); (numele, menfiuni) to superscribe

~ pe ordinea de zi - to place/to put on the agenda inscriere s.f. (consemnare, notare} writing down, setting down, record; (inregistrare) registration; (pe o lista) enlistment, enrollment, entry; (intr-un registru) booking, entry; (mentiune) superscription ~ a marcilor de comert - registration of trade marks ~ falsa - (in documente) false entry ~ ipotecara - registration of mortgages inscris s.n. document, deed, certificate. note ~ ipotecar - mortgage note insiloza v.t. to silo; (nutret) to ensile insilozare s.f. siloing; (de nutret) ensilage instraina v.t. (dr.) to alienate insuma v.t. to totalize, to total, to toi up insela v.t. to cheat, to fake up, to rook; (a escrocd) to swindle; (a amdgi) to deceive in§elatorie s.f. cheat, fake, fraud, double dealing; (escrocherie) swindle intalnire s.f. (de afaceri) meeting, appointment intocmi v.t. (un document, un bilanf etc.) to draw up; (un plan, un protect^. to draft - o dispasa - (de avarie comunS^ (asig. mar.) to make up the average ~ o factura - to make out an invoice ~ un extras de cont - to make up 4 statement of account I intreg adj. whole, entire, full; (co/»j plet) complete; (despre sume de ban^ even J ~ spatiul de Tncarcare - (indusi^ punted) (mar.) full reach and burden

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INT-INV 195

intreprinde v.t. (a intreprinde, a initia; a lua in antrepriza) to undertake mtreprindere s.f. 1. (actiune, initia-tivd) undertaking, enterprise; {antrepriza) enterprise 2. (societate, com-panie, firmd) company, corporation, firm, undertaking, establishment; (fabrica) factory, plant, industrial unit, shop; (societate care executd hicrdri in antrepriza) enterprise ~ cu tratament preferential - (acordat membrilor de sindicat) preferential shop ~ de stat - state (-owned) enterprise ~ deschisa - {care angajeaza si muncitori nesindicalizati) open shop ~ inchisa - (care mi angajeaza muncitori nesindicalizati) closed shop ~ mare - large company ~ mica - small company/business ~ particulars - private enterprise ~ riscanta - {afacere riscanta) adventure, wildcat ~ sindicalizata - (in care sunt angajati muncitori nesindicalizati cu conditia ca ei sd devind membri ai unui sindicat in termen de 30 de zile de la angajare) union shop intreprinderi mici si mijiocii - small and medium-sized companies intreprinzator^.ni. entrepreneur intrerupe v.t. to interrupt, to discontinue; (a sista, a siispenda) to suspend; (brusc) to break off; (functionarea, exploatarea) to shut down; (alimentarea cu apd, gaze etc.) to cut off intretine v.t. 1. (pe cineva, o familie) to mantain, to support, to keep 2. (a pdstra) to keep; {in bund stare) to keep

in repair/good condition 3. (cores- pondentd) to keep up intretinere s.f. 1. (a cuiva) maintenance, support; (alocatie) allowance; alimony 2. {tehnicd) maintenance, upkeep, service ~ periodica - preventive maintenance ~ §i reparatii - maintenance and repair ~ $i reparatii curente - operating maintenance Tntruni v.t. (conditii, cerinte) to meet, to correspond to v.r. to gather, to assemble; {in sedintd) to sit; (despre o comisie) to meet intrunire s.f. meeting, assembly, reunion; (politico) rally invatare s.f. learning; (predare) teaching ~ la distanta - distance learning Tnvatamanti'.n. education ~ elementar - primary/elementary education ~ mediu - secondary education ~ profesional - vocational education ~ superior - higher/university education ~ tehnic - technical/engineering education invechire s.f. (morald) obsolescence ~ tehnologica - technological obsolescence investi v.t. to ivest/to vest (in, with) ~ pe cineva - to vest smb. with power ~ pe cineva cu drepturi - to vest rights in smb. ~ pe cineva intr-o functie - to vest smb. with a function Tnviora v.r. {despre afaceri, activitdti) to rally, to revive Tnviorare s.f. (a afacerilor, a activi- tdtilor) rally, revival

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iNV-PsZ 196

mvoi v.t. to give smb. leave v.r. 1. (reciproc) to agree, to come to an agreement/understanding 2. (a se tdrgui) to bargain, to haggle 3. (a con-.s'/wri) to consent, to give one's consent; (a permite) to permit, to allow 4. (de la serviciu) to take leave (of absence) invoiala s.f. 1. agreement 2. bargain

a cadea la ~ - to conclude/to make, to settle/to strike a bargain; to come to terms/an agreement invoire s.f. leave (of absence), casual leave ~ pentru motive personale - (deces in familie etc.) compassionate leave inzestra v.t. to endow; (cufonduri etc.} to furnish

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J jena s.f. (financiard) embarrassment, straits, straitened circumstances jeton s.n. counter; (care tine loc de monedd) token ~ de prezenta - tally ~ de prezenta a unui membru din consiliul de administratie - director's tally joc s.n. game ~ de bursa - stock exchange speculations ~ Ae management - management game

~ de noroc - game of chance, gamble ~ de simulare/gestiune/intreprindere

- business game ~ final — (strategic! finald adoptatd pentru un prodiis sail o imitate eco-

nomica) (man.) end game joint venture s.n. (forma de asociere

intre doud sau mai midte persoane fizice si/sau juridice in scopul formdrii

unei noi societati en personalitate jiiridicd pentru atingerea unui obiectiv

specific) joint venture '- contractual - (contract de colabo-

rare intre mai mniti agenti economici care isi combind resursele pentru

realizarea unui protect comun, fdrd a se realiza o societate comerciald} joint

venture contract juca •i'./. (a juca jocuri) to game; (pe

bani} to gamble ~ a la baisse — (mcercdnd sd provoace o scddere a cursiilni) (bur.} to bear, to

speculate on falls

~ a la hausse — (mcercdnd sd provoace o crestere a cursului) (bur.) to bull, to speculate on a rise ~ la bursa - to speculate (on the stock exchange) ~ la loterie - to put in the lottery judeca v.t. (dr.) to judge, to try, to adjudicate; to sentence, to pass sentence on ~ in contumacie - to default ~ un apel - to hear an appeal judecata s.f. judg(e)ment, adjudication; (proces} trial, (sentintd^ ^A^^ms.YA.,

sentence ~ contencioasa - judg(e)ment in disputed matters ~ de fond -judg(e)ment on the merits ~ in contumacie - judg(e)ment by default ~ in ultima instanta - judg(e)ment by court of last resort a da pe cineva in ~- - to sue/to summon smb. at law/in court, to proceed against smb. judecator s.m. judge; magistrate ~ asesor - associate judge ~ de instructie - examining judge ~ recuzat - challenged judge ~ sindic - receiver (in bankruptcy), asignee in bankruptcy jumatate s.f. half; (dr.) moiety ~ de norma - half time ~ -jumatate - half-and-half jurat s.m. juryman, juror; pi. jury(men) juridic adj. juridical, judicial; legal jurisconsult s.m. jurisconsult, jurist, legal adviser/expert

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198

jurisdictie s.f. jurisdiction ~ consulara - consular jurisdiction ~ contencioasa - contentious jurisdiction ~ de apel - appellate jurisdiction ~ exclusiva - exclusive jurisdiction ~ maritima - maritime jurisdiction ~ penala - criminal jurisdiction ~ simultana - concurrent jurisdiction ~ sumara - summary jurisdiction ~ vamala - customs territory jurisprudents s.f. jurisprudence, case/statute/judge-made law, the practice of the courts, the precedents of a case ~ constanta - well-established jurisprudence

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JUR-JL'S

jurnal s.n. 1. (news)paper, journal; (cotidian) daily paper; {local) sheet; (monitor oficial) gazette 2. (cont^ journal, book ~ al incasarilor in numerar - (conl.| cash receipts journal ~ de casa - (conl.) statement of cash receipts and disbursements ~ de moda - fashion magazine/journal ~ order - (cont.) books of first? original/ prime entry a trece in ~ - (cant.) to journalize justitie s.f. justice a deferi pe cineva justitiei - B>| institute legal proceedings against smb-

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K

kilogram S.PZ. kilogram(me) kilowatt s.m. kilowatt kilolitru s.m. kilolitre ~ -ora - kilowatt-hour kilometraj s.n. mileage recorder; kraft s.n. (hdrtie rezistenta folositd la tachometer ambalaj) kraft

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L \aprep. at ~ alegerea vanzatorului - (operatic prin care vdnzdtorul isi poate alege data tranzactiondrii efective a actiunilor intr-un interval determinat de limp) (bur.) seller's option ~ balustrada navei - (formula dintr-un conosament care aratd cd responsa-bilitatea armatorului fata de caric inceteazd cdnd incdrcdtura poate fi descdrcatd) (mar.) at ship's rail ~ bord/pe nava - aboard, aboardship, ashipboard ~ eel mai bun curs/pret - (bur.) at best ~ cerere - on demand; (despre o sumd depusd in banca} at call ~ cursul/pretui specificat sau la un curs/pret mai bun - (in ordinele de vdnzare/cumpdrare) (bur.) at or better ~ data - (cont.) as at ~ distanta/respect - (despre o tranzactie care nu se realizeazd intre doud parti inrudite, cum ar fi o companie sifiliala so) at arm's length ~ livrare - on delivery ~ mal/tarm - ashore ~ mijiocul navei - amidships ~ noroc - at adventure ~ paritate/valoarea nominala - (bur.) at par ~ pretui pietei - at (the) market ~ scadenta - at maturity, when due ~ suta - per cent ~ si de la - (asig. mar.) at and from ~ termen - forward

~ timpul cuvenit - (despre o platd) (in) due course ~ vedere - at sight laboratory, n. laboratory ~ pentru analize de titru - assay office lada s.f. case, bin; (cu capac) chest; (cutie) box ~ de ambalaj - packing case lansa v.t. 1. (un plan, o navd etc.) to launch 2. (un imprumut) to float, to issue, to raise; (o subscriptie) to start; (o companie, un produs etc. cu multd publicitate) to break lants.n. chain ~ de conducere - chain of command ~ voluntar - (asociatie de detaili^ti care a convenit sd cumpere de la un singur angrosist, in schimbul unor facilitdti §i avantaje) voluntary chains lantui valorii - (totalitatea activi-tdtilor interdependente desfas'urate intr-o corporatie) (man.) value chain laptar s.m. dairyman, milkman laptarie s.f. (magazin) milkshop; (fermd) dairy largi v.t. (piata de desfacere) to widen. to enlarge, to extend lana s.f. wool lanarie s.f. wool-spinnmg mill leafa s.f (pentru intelectuali si functionari) salary; (pentru muncitori} wage(s) leasing s.n. (sistem de finantare a investitiilor prin care o firma inchiriazd masini si utilaje moderne de la societdti specializate) leasing

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LEA-LEV 201

~ de echipament - equipment leasing ~ financiar/de finantare - financial leasing, finance/capital lease ~ operational - (locatie in care locatorul intretine si finanteazd activul fix) operating leasing lega v.t. 1. (prin contract, angajamente legale) to bind, to tie up 2. (a testa) (dr.) to legate, to bequeath legal adj. legal, lawful; (legitim) legitimate, rightful; (despre un drept, un titlu) sound legalitate s.f. legality, lawfulness legaliza v.t. (a autentifica) to legalize, to authenticate, to attest, to certify; (la notarial) to notarize legat s.n. (dr.) (mobiliar) legacy; (imobiliar) devise legatar s.m. (dr.) (de bunuri mobiliare) legatee; (de bunuri imobiliare) devisee ~ cu titlu particular - particular legatee/devisee ~ cu titlu universal - general legatee/devisee, residuary/sole legatee legatura s.f. connection, link; relation legaturi comerciale - trade relations lege s.f. law, act; (lege emisd de parlament) statute, enactment ~ antidumping - antidumping law ~ antitrust - antitrust law ~ -cadru - skeleton law ~ constitutionals - constitutional/ organic law ~ dispozitiva - yielding law ~ economica - economic law ~ electorala - election law ~ in vigoare - active law, law in force ~ neaplicata - dormant/unapplied law ^egea accidentelor de munca -workmen's compensations act ~ brevetelor - patent law

~ cererii si a ofertei - law of supply and demand ~ falimentului - insolvent law ~ fondului funciar - land law ~ generala a cererii - general law of demand ~ generala a ofertei - general law of supply ~ marinei comerciale - merchant marine act ~ pescuitului - fishing law ~ prescriptiei - statute of limitation a aplica o lege - to carry out/to put into force a law a avea putere de ~ - to possess force of law a eluda ~ - to evade the law a pune o ~ in vigoare - to give effect to a law legifera v.t. to legislate, to enact legislativ adj. legislative legislatie s.f. legislation legislatia asigurarilor sociale - welfare legislation ~ muncii - labour legislation ~ societatilor comerciale - company legislation legislatie antitrust - antitrust legislation legitim adj. legitimate; (legal) legal legumicultura s.f. vegetable growing, market gardening lemn s.n. wood; (cherestea) timber; (SUA) lumber lemnarie s.f. 1. (lemne) wood; (cherestea) timber, timbering; (a unei constructii) timberwork 2. (depozit) wood yard 3. ' (meserie) carpentry; woodcutting \evier s.n. leverage

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202 LEV-LIB ~ operational — (masura in care sunt utilizate costurile fixe in exploatarea firmei) (fin.) operating leverage leza v.t. {imagined, reputatia) to injure; (interesele) to endanger, to be detrimental to liber adj. 1. free; (independent) independent; (autonom} autonomous 2. (gratuit) gratis, free (of charge) 3. (disponibil) available; (despre zi) off; (despre un drum) clear, open; (neocupat) vacant, unengaged; {despre un post) void 4. {despre persoane) free, disengaged; (in afara orelor de serviciii) off duty 5. (desfdcut, varsat, in vrac) loose ~ de cheltuieli - free froi.i/of charges, free of expenses ~ de cheltuieli de alimbare - free (of) lighterage ~ de cheltuieli ,,de la nava la nava" - free out of sea vessel ~ de cheltuieli la descarcare free out/discharge ~ de cheltuieli la descarcare, inclusiv lucrul in magazii - free out from vessel's holds ~ de cheltuieli la incarcare- -descarcare si stivuire - free in and out stowage/stowed ~ de cheltuieli la incarcare, exclusiv rujarea - free in excluding trimming ~ de cheltuieli la incarcare, inclusiv rujarea - free in including trimming ~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si descarcare - free in and out ~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si descarcare, inclusiv stivuirea si rujarea - free in and out, stowed and trimmed

~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si stivuire - free in and stowage/stowed ~ de orice avarie - (asig. mar.) free of all average ~ de orice cheltuieli - free of all charges/expenditures/expenses ~ de orice rise si cheltuieli in contui navei - free of all risks and expenses to the vessel '- la bord - (marfa se ridicd de primitor de la bordul navei) free from alongside, free on board ~ la bord si rujat - free on board and (free) trimmed ~ la bord si stivuit - free on board and (free) stowed ~ -profesionist - freelance ~ schimb - free trade ~ si fara sarcini - free and clear unencumbered libera circulatie a fortei de munca -free movement of labour ~ initiativa - free initiative liberalism s. n. liberalism liberalizare s.f. liberalization-deregulation ~ a circulatiei capitalurilor -deregulation of capital movement libertate s.f. freedom ~ contractuala - freedom of contract ~ de actiune - freedom of action ~ economica - economic freedom librar^.w. bookseller librarie s.f. 1. (magazm) bookshop 2-(pcupatie) book trade, bookselling , libret5'.n. book | ~ de banca - (cornet de depoziqi passbook, deposit/depositor's book ~ de economii - savings book

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LIC-LIC 203 licenta s.f. 1. (diploma) licence, degree 2. (autorizatie, brevet} licence; (permis) permit ~ de export - export licence ~ de import - import licence ~ de prospectiune - (pentm descoperirea zdcdmintelor de hidro- carburi} exploration licence ~ generala deschisa - (fdrd restrictii la import) open general licence ~ obligatorie - (cisupra unui brevet de inventie) compulsory licence ~ partiala/cu clauze restrictive - restricted licence ~ pentru vanzarea bauturilor alcoolice numai cu mancare - table licence ~ permitand vanzarea si consumul bauturilor alcoolice in local - on licence ~ permitand vanzarea bauturilor alcoolice pentru consum la domiciliu - off-licence liceu5'.«. secondary/high school ~ industrial - trade school lichid adj. 1. liquid, fluid 2. (fin.) liquid, ready, quick lichida v.t. (o afacere, o tranzactie etc.) to settle; (o datorie) to liquidate, to clear off, to wipe off/out, to pay up; (stocul de mdrfuri) to sell out/up; (a soldo) to clear, to close out; (stocul de materii prime sau produse finite) to run down; (o societate) to wind up, to liquidate; (in vamd) (mar.) to clear lichidare s.f. (a iinei afaceri, a unei tranzactii etc.) settlement; (acliitare) liquidation; (vdnzare integrald) sellout; (soldare) clearance (sale), closeout; (bur.) settling, settlement; (a unei

societdti) winding up, liquidation; {in vamd) (mar.) clearance ~ a activelor - (achizitionarea ieftind a unei societdti fie pentru revdnzarea activelor si inchiderea firmei, fie pentru lichidarea activelor nerentabile si realizarea de noi investitii in firmd) asset stripping ~ a dividendelor - (preluarea controlului asupra unei companii, exploatarea rezervelor/dividendelor si vanzarea actiunilor, operatii care due adesea societatea lafaliment) dividend stripping ~ a soldurilor - clearance/bargain sale ~ a stocului inaintea inchiderii -(unei intreprinderi) closing-down sale ~ a succesiunii - (dr.) settlement of succession ~ curenta - (bur.) current settlement ~ in numerar - (bur.) cash settlement - in vama - (mar.) (ship's) clearance, clearing ~ in vama la plecare - (mar.) clearance outwards ~ in vama la sosire - (mar.) clearance inwards ~ judiciara - compulsory winding-up, winding-up by the court ~ silita - enforced/forced liquidation ~ voluntara - (a unei societdti) voluntary winding-up/liquidation ~ voluntara a actionarilor -members' voluntary winding-up/ liquidation ~ voluntara a creditorilor - creditors voluntary winding-up/liquidation lichidarea urmatoare - (bur.) succeeding account/settlement a fi in lichidare - to be in liquidation a intra in ~ - to go into liquidation

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204 LIC-LIN lichidat adj. 1. (despre socoteli) even 2. (w vama) (mar.) cleared lichidator s.m. (numit de instantd pentru a inchide o firma falita) (dr.) liquidator, receiver in bankruptcy, official receiver, insolvency practitioner, conservator ~ de avarie - (asig. mar.) average adjuster/stater/taker

(pentru obtinerea unui contract

- provizorm - provisional liquidator lichiditate s.f. (fin.) liquidity; liquid funds/assets ~ a firmei - firm's liquidity ~ bancara - banking liquidity ~ financiara — (capacitated unei mtreprinderi de a se adecva rapid angajamentelor financiare) financial liquidity ~ internationala - (totalitatea mijioacelor de platd de care dispune banca centrald a unei tan pentru utilizarea lor in vederea realizd'-'ii soldului operatiilor comerciale si financiare externe ale tarn respective) international liquidity ~ patrimoniala — (maswa m care o unitate economicd poate face fata datoriilor pe care le-a garantat cu patrimonial de care dispune, aceasta exprimdnd valoarea netd a patrimoniului societdtii respective) liquid assets licit adj. lawful, licit licita v.i. (a participa la licitatie) to bid; (pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii, executarea de lucrdri) to tender v.t. (a vinde la licitatie) to (sell by) auction licitant s.m. bidder; (pentru obtinerea de contracte) tenderer

licitator s.m. (persoand care conduce i licitatie) auctioneer licitatie s.f. auction, public sale

tender; (SUA) vendue ~ chinezeasca/olandeza - (licitatie i care se coboard pretui pand se gase^t un cumpdrdtor) Chinese/Dutch auctior ~ deschisa - {bur.) open outcry ~ englezeasca - (licitatie la car ofertele de achizitie sunt jacul incepdnd cu un pret de descliidere si s continud pdnd cand mmem mi ma liciteazd peste pretui maxim) Britis. auction ~ mchisa - closed auction ~ publica - public auction ~ simulata — (pentru a urea pretui mock auction a fi vandut la '-' - to come/to go/to fai under the hammer a scoate la ~ - to bring/to put/to sen to the hammer lider s.m. 1. leader 2. (articol van<h ieftin pentru a atrage clientela) (corn. leader ~ de cost - (firmd care detine fata d concurentii ei un avantaj important4 ceea cepriveste costui) cost leader ~ de opinie - opinion leader ~ de piata - market leader ~ de pret — (firma care, acliondu intr-un anumit domeniu, are iniliatm stabilirii preturilor) price leader i limbaj s.n. language i ~ comun de programare orientat |1 probleme economice - coming business oriented language | limita v.t. to limit, to restrict; (drep, to abridge; (mflatia) to curb

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LIM-LIN 205

limitare s.f. limitation, restriction, restraint; (de drepturi) abridg(e)ment; (a inflatiei) curb ~ a clauzei raspunderii - (asig.) limitation of liability clause ~ a dividendelor - dividend limitation/ restraint ~ a succesiunii - (la descendentii dintr-o anumitd lime sau un anumit sex) tail ~ voluntara a exporturilor - (dintr-un anumit sector} voluntary exports restraints limitat ad], limited; restricted limitata la capitalul subscris - (despre rdspunderea actionarilor) limited by shares ~ la suma garantata de actionari - {despre rdspunderea actionarilor') limited by guarantee limita s.f. limit; (in limp) deadline ~ climaterica a padurilor - (cu arbori pentru cherestea) timber line ~ de credit - credit limit/ceiling ~ de tara — (limita riscului de tara) (fin.) country limit, sovereign risk limit ~ de uzura - wearing limit ~ de vanzare - {bur.) selling limit ~ de varsta - (pentru pensionare) age limit ~ inferioara - lower limit; (a pretu- rilor, a salariilor etc.) floor ~ legala de creditare - legal lending limit ~ superioara - upper limit; ceiling lingou s.n. ingot, bar; (de aw sail argint) bullion ~ cu titlu legal - ingot of legal fineness ~ de aur sau argint pur - fine bullion

lingouri monetare - (de aur sail argint monetar) standard bullion, mint fine bars linie s.f. line lima pietei de capital - (reprezentarea grafted a relatiei dintre rise si rata necesard a rentabilitdtii) capital market line ~ aeriana - airline, airway ~ bugetara — (grup de produse pe care un consumator Ie poate cumpdra in functie de venitui propriu) budget line ~ de asamblare/montaj - assembly line ~ de autobuz - bus line/service ~ de cabotaj - {mar.) coastal line, coastwise sea lane ~ de cale ferata - railway line ~ de comanda - (man.) line of command ~ de credit - line of credit, credit line ~ de credit bancara speciala - special bank credit plan ~ de credit multivalutara - (linie de credit ce poate fi utilizatd, la alegere, intr-una sau mai multe volute) multicurrency credit line ~ de depou - yard line ~ de distributie - (corn.) chain of distribution ~ de incarcare - (mar.) leadline, load waterline ~ de navigatie - shipping line ~ de navigatie fluviala - river line ~ de navigatie oceanica - ocean line ~ de productie - production line ~ de produse - product line, range ~ de telecomunicatii - communication line ~ de transport - transport line

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206 ~ de transport de marfa de mare viteza - (c./) fast freight line ~ de transport maritim de marfa - cargo line ~ ferata uzinala - railway siding ~ moarta - (c./) blind/dead-end track ~ regulata - (de navigatie) regular line ~ succesorala barbateasca - (dr.) tail male ~ succesorala femeiasca - (dr.) tail female ~ tehnologica - process/operation line ~ telefonica - telephone line ~ transatlantica - transatlantic line lipsa s.f. 1. (necesar, nevoie, insu- ficienta) lack, want, wantage; (dintr-o cantitate, dintr-o marfa etc.) short, shortage, shortfall; (penurie) scarcity, dearth, stringency; (deficienta) deficiency; (neajuns) drawback; (indisponibilitate) unavailability, unavailableness 2. (absenta) absence; (din instanta) (dr.) default ~ de actiuni/acoperire - (bur.) short of stock ~ de afaceri - slack business ~ de bani - money pressure/scarcity/ stringency, scarcity of money ~ de capital - scarcity of capital ~ de cumparatori - (bur.) sellers no buyers ~ de lichiditati - (fin.) illiquidity ~ de marfuri - want/scarcity of goods ~ de mana de lucru - scarcity of labour ~ de numerar - cash shortage ~ de resurse - resourcelessness ~ de titlu de proprietate - (dr.) want of title ~ de tranzactii - (bur.) no dealings ~ de utilitate - disutility

~ din continut - (m cazul recipientelor cu marfuri lichide) short of content ~ la cantar/greutate - short weight. shortage in weight ~ la livrare - short delivery a da ~ la cantar - to give short weight a duce ~ de - to be scarce of lira s.f. lira; (sterlina) pound sterling lista v.t. (a cotd) (bur.) to list lista s.f. list, bill; (de preturi, produse^ etc.) schedule ~ a marfurilor de export - export list ; ~ a marfurilor de import - import list i ~ a scadentelor debitorilor - agi] schedule ~ civila - (alocatii bugetare pent intretinerea familiei regale) civil list ~ de asteptare/solicitanti - waiting lii ~ de control - check list ~ de cotatii — (la cumpdrare sa vdnzare) (bur.) run ~ de curs'.'ri - (bur.) quotation lis quote sheet ~ de echipaj - (mar.) crew/ship lu ship's ledger ~ de investitii financiare red mandate - (lista de titluri de valoarej^ cdror cumpdrare este recomanda investment list ~ de materiale - bill of materials ~ de marfuri - list of goods ~ de marfuri interzise - banned list ~ de marfuri nevamuibile - free list] ~ de pasageri - (unbarcati pe o ; sau intr-un avion) passenger list ~ de preturi - schedule of prices, ] list/current, shop bill; (in transpor table of charges/fares ~ de preturi tarifare - tariff list ~ de prioritati - priority list ~ de procese - (dr.) cause list

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LIS-L1V 207 -• de reduceri fiscale - table of allowances ~ de subscript!! - subscription list ~ electorala - poll ~ oficiala - (care confine cursurile zilnice) (bur.) official list literatura s.f. literature ~ comerciala - (reclame, brosuri, cataloage etc.) sales literature ~ de brevete de inventii - patent documents litigios adj. litigious, contentious, outstanding, debatable litigiu s.n. litigation, contention; dispute at law a fi in ~ - to litigate literal s. n. seaboard, seaside, seashore, littoral livada s.f. orchard livra v.t. to deliver; (a furnizu) to furnish, to supply ~ gresit - to misdeliver ~ in intregime - (marfa transportata) to deliver in full livrare s.f. delivery; (furnizare) furnishing, supply ~ altei nave — (prin transbordare) delivery overside ~ buna - (de tithiri de valoare ale cdror caracteristici corespimd exigentelor burs i ere salt contractuale) good delivery ~ completa - full delivery ~ completa in bune conditii - safe and full delivery ~ conform uzului - customary delivery ~ contra ramburs - cash on delivery ~ cu intarziere - delayed delivery ~ defectuoasa - (de titluri de valoare ale caror caracteristici nu corespimd

exigentelor bursiere sau contractuale) defective delivery ~ efectiva - actual delivery ~ eronata/gresita - misdelivery ~ expresa/rapida - express delivery ~ franco - delivered free ~ franco domiciliu - delivery free domicile ~ imediata - prompt/spot deliver)7 ~ incompleta/in minus - short delivery ~ la acceptare - delivery on acceptance ~ la bordul navei - (mar.) delivery on board ~ la cerere - delivery on call '- la termen - forward/future delivery - langa nava/sotto palanco - (mar.) delivered/delivery alongside ship ~ partiala - part/partial delivery ~ peste bord - (mar.) overside delivery ~ restanta — overdue delivery livrari contractuale - contract supplies ~ esalonate - staggered deliveries livrat adj. delivered ~ contra warant - stored terms ~ in bune conditii - delivered sound ~ la frontiera - delivered at frontier ~ , taxele vamale neplatite - delivered duty unpaid ~ , taxele vamale platite - delivered duty paid livra s.f. (imitate de masura pentru greittate) pound livret^.?!. book ~ de banca — (carnet de depozit) passbook, deposit/depositor's book ~ de economii - savings book

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LOC-LUA 208

loc s.n. place, spot; (la teatru, in parlament etc.) seat; (in vehicul, la hotel} accommodation ~ de destinatie - place of destination ~ de escala - place of call ~ de livrare - place of delivery, delivery point ~ de munca - place of employment/ work ~ de plata - place of payment/ performance; (al unui efect de comert) domicile ~ de re§edinta - residence local adj. local s.n. 1. (cladire) building; (cladire cu teren, instalatii etc.) premises 2. {restaurant) restaurant, public house, pub localizare s.f. localization ~ a industriei — (proces opus globalizdrii) localization of industry locatar s.m. lodger; (chirias) tenant locativ adj. living; tenant's...; (despre valoare) rental locatie s.f. hire, hiring, renting; location ~ de gestiune - administration location ~ de vagoane - truck hire, demurrage charge; (SUA) railroad demurrage ~ financiara/de capital - capital lease ~ pentru marfurile depuse pe chei - (mar.) wharf demurrage locomotiva s.f. locomotive, engine ~ de manevra - yard locomotive ~ impingatoare - bank locomotive, banking engine ~ pentru trenuri de marfa - freight locomotive loctiitor s.m. deputy, caretaker, locum tenens locuinta s.f. dwelling place, abode, lodging, house; (dr.) tenement

~ cu dependinte - (dr.) messuage locuitor^./n. inhabitant ~ de pe coasta - shoreman logistica s.f. logistics ~ a companiei - company/business logistics logograma s.f. logogram ~ de corporatie - corporate logo (gram) loialitate s.f. loyalty ~ a consumatorului - (fata de o marca) consumer loyalty ~ fata de marca - (a consumatorilor} brand loyalty lombardizare s.f. (depunere in gaj de titluri de valoare drept garantie pentru un imprumut) lend against securities lot s.n. 1. (de mdrfuri) batch, lot. parcel; (de actiuni) lot 2. (de teren} plot, parcel; (mic) strip; (dat in arenda uneifamilii) allotment ~ complet - (de circa 100 de actiuni pe care un investitor doreste sd Ie cumpere) (bur.) round lot ~ de marfuri - lot/parcel of goods ~ de proba - (de mdrfuri) trial lot ~ incomplet/nereglementar - (de mdrfuri sau actiuni) odd lot ~ minim - (numdr minim de actiuni!- pentru ca un curs sdfie inserts pe lista\ de cotatii) (bur.) round lot, minimum! unit of trading I loterie s.f. lottery loto s.n. lotto loxs.n. lottery ticket luare s.f taking ~ de decizii - decision making ~ de decizii in conditii de certitudin® - decision-making under certainty ~ de decizii in conditii de rise decision-making under risk

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LUA-LUX 209

~ de probe - sampling, sample taking ~ in consideratie - taking into account/consideration ~ in posesie - entry lucra v.i. 1. to work; (a trudi) to toil, to labour 2. (a functiond) to function; (despre o marina, un utilaj) to work, to run v.t. 1. (pamdntui) to till, to labour, to cultivate 2. (a prelucra) to work out -in acord -to job ~ la capacitatea maxima - to work at/to capacity ~ mai repede/bine - (decaf) to outwork ~ pe cont propriu - to work on one's own ~ peste program - to work overtime ~ prost/de mantuiala - to lie down on the job, to underwork ~ putin/insuficient - to underwork lucrare s.f. working, work ~ de diploma/stat - graduation/ diploma paper ~ in antrepriza - contract work ~ pregatitoare - preliminary work lucrari ale conferintei - debates/ proceedings of the conference ~ de intretinere a drumurilor - roadworks ~ de prospectiune - exploration works ~ de reparatie - repair works ~ in executie - work in progress ~ publice - public works ~ restante - arrears of work lucrativ adj. lucrative, gainful, paying, remuneratory lucrator adj. working, work... s.m. worker, workman ~ cu ziua - (zilier) day labourer

~ la domiciliu - outworker, outside worker ~ pe cont propriu - (in propria afacere) self-employed worker ~ specialist - expert workman lucru s.n. 1. thing, object; pi. (efecte personate} (dr.) chattels; things, belongings 2. (mimed) work; (activi- tate) activity; (pcupatie) employment; (slujba) ]ob ~ cu bucata - piecework ~ cu ziua - daywork, joumeywork ~ de mana - handiwork ~ in echipa - team work ~ in regie - force account ~ la domiciliu - outwork ~ manual - handwork a cauta de ~ - to look for a job a da de ~ muncitorilor - to employ workers a nu avea de ~ - to be out of work lunar adj., adv. monthly luna s.f. (calendaristica) month ~ calendaristica - (calendar) month ~ cu 31 de zile - odd month ~ curenta - present month lupta s.f. fight; struggle ~ a mandatarilor - (incercarea unei persoane sau a iinui grup de a cdstiga controlul asupra unei societdti convingdnd aclionarii sd voteze o noua conducere) proxy fight ~ de clasa - class struggle/warfare lux s.n. luxury ~ de amanunte - profusion of details a trai in ~ - to live in luxury luxos adj. luxurious

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M macara s.f. crane ~ de chei - (dockside/quay) crane ~ de transbordare - transshipment crane ~ grea - titan crane ~ pe senile - caterpillar/crawler crane ~ pe sine - rail crane ~ plutitoare - float/floating crane, crane ship ~ -turn - derrick/tower crane ~ umversaia - general-purpose crane macaragiu s.m. craner, crane attendant/driver/operator macroeconomic adj. macroeconomic macroeconomie s.f. macroeconomics macromarketing s.n. macromarketing macrostabilizare .'>./ macroeconomic stabilisation maculatura s.f. scrap/waste paper maestru s.m. (cont.) ledger magazie s.f. storehouse, repository, depot; (de marfuri) warehouse; (de nava) hold ~ de materiale si utilaje - plant depot/yard ~ frigorifica - cargo reefer space; (mar.) refrigerated/freezing hold magazin s.n. 1. shop; (S UA) store 2. (revista) magazine, periodical ~ al unei intreprinderi — (pentm angajatii acesteia) company store ~ alimentar in incinta fabricii - tommy shop ~ captiv - (care isi poate desfusura activitatea intr-o cladire cu conditia de a vinde numai marfuri furnizate de

proprietarii imobilului respective captive outlet ~ central - (al imui lant de magazine} parent store ~ cu amanuntui - retail shop ~ cu autoservire - self-service store ~ cu marfuri scutite de taxe vamale - duty-free shop ~ cu preturi reduse - discount/cut- -price shop ~ cu vanzare pe baza de catalog - catalogue store ~ de cadouri/articole la moda - gift shop ~ de cartier - (care se adreseaza clientele! dintr-o anumita zond si are program prelimgit) convenience store ~ de marfuri de ocazie/la mana a doua - second-hand shop ~ de solduri - (de carti) remainder shop ~ de vechituri -junk shop ~ general - variety shop ~ in retea - multiple/chain store ~ specializat - speciality shop 5 ~ universal - department(al)/general | store; emporium, baza(a)r magazinaj s.n. 1. (depozitare} warehousing, storing (of goods) 2. (taxa) storage charges magaziner s.m. warehouseman. warehouse keeper, storeman,, storekeeper J magistral s.m. magistrate; judge magistratura s.f. magistrature,; magistracy, magistrateship

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MAG-MAN 211 magnat s.m. magnate; (industrial, financiar) tycoon maistru s.m. foreman ~ de exploatare - foreman of development ~ de productie - foreman of production majora v.t. (preturi, salarii etc.) to increase, to raise; (preturi) to advance; (a scumpi) to put up/to increase the price ofv.r. (despre preturi} to advance majorare s.f. (de preturi, salarii etc.) increase, raise, rise; (de preturi) advance ~ a preturilor - price advance, increase in prices ~ a salariilor - wage rise majoritate s.f. majority ~ absoluta - absolute majority ~ calificata - specified majority ~ de doua treimi - two-third's majority ~ de voturi - majority of votes ~ relativa - relative majority ~ simpla - simple majority a obtine o ~ - to secure a majority management^./?, management ~ al activelor - {gestionarea activelor unei institutii financiare) (fin.) asset management ~ al activitatii de birou - office management ~ al afacerii - business management ~ al contului - account management ~ al datoriilor - debt management ~ al distributiei lizice - (a mdrfurilor, vizdnd probleme legate de ambalare, transport, depozitare etc.) physical distribution management ~ al marcii - brand management

~ al pasivelor - (politico bdncilor de atragere a fondurilor prin ratele dobdnzilor practicate) liability management ~ al productiei - production management ~ al produsului - product management ~ al proiectului - project management ~ al resurselor - resource management ~ al riscurilor - risk management ~ al timpului - {individual) time management ~ bazat pe principiul rezultatelor -(bune sau rele) management by principle ~ de conducere si personal - (grupul de manageri care organizeazd pro-ductia si serviciile intr-o companie) line and staff management ~ de criza - crisis management ~ de marketing - marketing management ~ de portofoliu - portfolio management ~ descentralizat - decentralized management ~ educational - educational management ~ financiar - financial management ~ operational - operations management ~ participativ - participatory management ~- prin eliminare - {a datelor nesem-nificative din biigete sau planuri in scopiil unei corectii) management by exception ~ prin obiective - (pentru o eficientd sporitd) management by objectives ~ prin prezenta - management by walking about

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212 MAN-MAN managementui calitatii - quality management ~ calitatii totale - total quality management ~ resurselor umane - human- -resource/personnel management manager s. m. manager ~ al unui fond mutual - fund manager managerial adj. managerial manco s.n. deficiency, shortage ~ de casa - shortage in the cash mandants.m. principal ~ si mandatar - principal and agent mandat s.n. 1. mandate; (procuro) procuration, proxy; (de arestare, perchezitie etc.} warrant 2. (postal) money/postal order ~ de aducere - order to offender, witness to appear ~ de arestare - warrant for arrest ~ de deputat - member's (electoral) mandate ~ de perchezitie - search warrant ~ postal - money/postal/post-office order ~ postal international - international/ foreign money order ~ postal telegrafic - telegraphic money/postal order a trimite prin ~ - (bani) to remit mandatar s.m. mandatory, mandatary; attorney (-in-fact); (imputernicit) procurator, proxy; (administrator, curator) trustee ~ pasiv - (fdra sarcind activd de indeplinit) naked trustee manevra v.t. to manipulate, to handle; (o marina, un utilaj) to operate, to run, to work; (vagoane) to shunt; (yagoane de mar/a) to marshal; (o nava) to manoeuvre, to handle

manevrabil adj. manageable; workable manifest s.n. 1. (program) manifesto: (aruncat, distribuit) leaflet 2. (lista a incdrcdturii navel) (mar.) manifest ~ al mcarcatorului - shipper's manifest ~ al incarcaturii - cargo manifest ~ al navei - ship's manifest ~ de bord - summary of bills of lading ~ de export - outward manifest ~ de import - inward manifest ~ de marfa incarcata - ship cargo/ shipping manifest ~ de tranzit - transit manifest manifold s.n. 1. (carnet de note, facturi cu color) manifold 2. (conducta la petroliere) manifold ~ de descarcare - discharge/delivery' manifold ~ de incarcare - cargo loading manifold manipula v.t. to manipulate, to handle; (o marina, un utilaj) to operate, to run, to work; (manual) to manhandle ~ piata - to rig the market manipulare s.f. manipulation, handling; (hamaldc) porterage; (o; masind, un utilaj) operating, working | ~ a materialelor - material's handling , ~ de marfuri - cargo handling ~ manuala - manual handling,, manhandling ~ mecanica - mechanical handling ~ sigura/fara pericol - safe handling ~ si transport de marfa - freigl handling manual adj. manual, hand... s.r, (ghid) handbook, manual, guide; (car cuprinde unitdtile monetare, de mdsur\ ale mai multor tan) cambist manufactura v.t. to manufacture

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MAN-MAR 213 manufacture s.f. manufacture; (fabrica) manufactory marca v.t. to mark, to put a mark on; (cu tin semn distinctly) to earmark; (un obiect de metal pretios) to hallmark; (metale, marfuri etc.) to stamp; (pretui) to ticket up; (a matrita) to stencil; (a bifa) to (mark with a) check marca s.f. 1. mark; (la metale pretioase) plate mark, hallmark 2. (tip, model) brand 3. (timbru) stamp ~ a distribuitorului/proprie - (mime de marca atribuit unui produs de cdtre un intermediar, de obicei un detailist important) dealer's/private/own brand ~ a fabricii - manufacturer's brand/ mark, trademark ~ a monetariei - mint mark ~ de dimensiuni - (pentru marfuri) measurement mark ~ de flanc - (marca noud lansatd de o companie ce comercializeaza deja o alta m aceeasi categoric de produs) flanker brand ~ de greutate - weight mark ~ de grup - group mark ~ de identificare - (a coletelor de marfd) head mark ~ de manipulare - (pentru mdrfurile fragile) handling mark ~ de origine - mark of origin ~ de port - (pentru marfuri) port mark ~ de produse standard - standard brand ~ de thru - assay mark ~ depusa/de comert mregistrata - registered trademark "- globala - global brand ~ inregistrata - trademark, registered mark, trade name ~ noua - new brand

~ superioara/de calitate - choice brand mare s.f. sea ~ continentala/interioara - conti-nental/inland sea "- intercontinentala - intercontinental/ mediterranean sea ~ litorala/marginala - adjacent/ littoral/marginal sea marfar s.n. goods/freight train, freightliner marfa s.f. commodity, merchandise; (transportata) freight, cargo; pi. goods ~ ambalata - packaged cargo/freight/ goods ~ cautata/care se vinde bine - seller ~ containerizata - containerized cargo/freight ~ cu defect - flaw ~ cu proprietar necunoscut - waif ~ curata - clean cargo ~ de cabotaj - (mar.) coastal/coastwise freight ~ de export - (mar.) outward cargo ~ de import - (mar.) inward cargo ~ de mare gabarit - large-size freight ~ de punte - (mar.) deck cargo ~ de sezon - seasonal cargo ~ de umplere - (a spatwiui gol dupd stivuire) (mar.) filler cargo, small stowage ~- eterogena - (greu de stivuit) heterogeneous cargo ~ fara ambalaj - unprotected cargo ~ fara proprietar - bona vacantia - grea - heavy (-weight) cargo; (mar.) deadweight cargo ~ grea in vrac - heavy bulk cargo ~ incompatibila - (care mi poate fi transportata impreund cu alte marfuri) incompatible cargo

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MAR-MAR 214

~ in ambalaj izolat - insulated cargo ~ lichida in vrac - liquid bulk cargo ~ nesortata- buikpik ~ neincarcata - (din lipsd de spatiu) (mar.) short shipment ~ pachetizata - unitized cargo/load, unit load ~ paletizata - palletized cargo ~ pretentioasa - (in privinta con-ditiilor de transport) critical cargo ~ ramasa - (dupd descdrcare) residue/ residual cargo ~ rentabil de transportat - best- -paying cargo ~ schimbata prin troc - swap ~ solida in vrac - solid bulk cargo ~ transportata pe mare - seaborne/ seagoing cargo marfuri abandonate - (fdra proprietor) abandoned goods ~ antrepozitate - warehouse goods ~ avariate/deteriorate - damaged goods ~ congelate - frozen goods ~ cu livrare imediata - actuals, physicals ~ cu livrare la termen - futures ~ cu miros specific - odorous goods ~ cu tarif vamal scazut - low-duty goods ~ cu volum redus - low-measurements goods ~ cumparate sub pornirea impulsului - impulse goods ~ de balast - (mar.) kentledge goods ~ de baza - primary goods, staple ~ de baza ale exportului - staple exports ~ de calitate inferioara - off-grade/- -quality goods ~ de calitate medie - middle goods

~ de calitate superioara - superior/ prime goods, firsts ~ de cafitatea a treia -

thirds ~ de contrabands - contraband/ smugg/eof goods ~ de folosinta indelungata - durable goods, durables ~ de folosinta scurta - nondurable/single-use goods ~ de folosinta semiindelungata semidurable goods ~ de larg consum - consumer goods ~ de lux - fancy goods ~ de mare viteza - express/speed goods ~ de mica viteza - slow goods, ordinary freight ~ de prima/stricta necesitate -essential goods ~ de proba - goods on approval ~ de uz curent - (procurabile in apro-pierea locuintel) convenience goods ~ de valoare - value/valuable goods ~ de volum/cubaj/voluminoase measurement/measure goods ~ disparate vandute angro -job lot ~ disponibile - present goods, trading stock, stock-in-trade; (cu livrare ime-^ diata) spot (goods) ~ diverse/variate - miscellanec goods ~ fabricate in tara - domestics ~ facturate - invoiced goods ~ finite - finished goods ~ fragile - fragile goods ~ generate - general goods, generals ~ impuse - taxed goods, goods rated ~ indisponibile/deHcitare unavailable goods ~ individualizate- ascertained goods ~ industriale - industrial goods

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MAR-MAR 215

~ inerte - (minereuri, nisip, bumbac, land etc.) inert goods

inflamabile - inflammable/ flammable goods ~ in baluri - bale goods ~ in comision - goods on commission ~ in consignatie - goods on consignment ~ in legaturi - bundle goods "- in lichidare — (ale unei firme falimentare) distress goods ~ in partizi - goods making up a parcel ~ in tranzit - transit goods -" in vama - bonded goods ~ in vrac - bulk goods ~ insacuite - bagged goods ~ la moda - {niai ales articole de vestimentatie) fashion goods ~ lichide - wet goods '•- licite - lawful merchandise ~ livrate cu facilitati de plata - goods supplied on deferred payments - marcate - (cu etichete) labelled goods ~ neambalate/desfacute - loose/ unpacked goods ~ nedeciarate - (in vama) unentered goods ~ neidentificate/neindividualizate - (in contract) unascertained goods ~ nelivrate/nepredate - undelivered goods ~ neridicate - unclaimed goods ~ neridicate in termen - overtime goods ~ nevandabile - unrealizable goods ~ nevamuibile - free/uncustomed goods ~ nevamuite unentered/uncleared goods

~ nevandute - goods on hand ~ periculoase - dangerous/hazardous goods ~ perisabile - perishable goods, perishables ~ prafuite - dusted goods ~ prohibite - (la export sou import) prohibited goods ~ refuzate - returns ~ returnabile - (furnizorului) unsolds ~ rubricate - (intr-un document de transport) subject/captioned goods ~ sechestrate - distrained goods - straine/de import - foreign goods ~ supuse accizelor - excisable goods ~ textile - textiles, soft goods ~ textile cu metraj in bucata - piece fabric/goods, yard goods ~ transbordate - transshipment goods ~ transportate pe apa - waterbome goods ~ umede - moist goods ~ uscate - (grdne, textile etc.) dry goods ~ u§oare - light goods ~ vandabile - realizable/marketable goods ~ vamuibile - dutiable goods marfurile cumparate nu se schimba - no goods exchanged maricultura s.f. mariculture, sea farming marin adj. marine, sea...; maritime marinar,?.»;. sailor, seaman, mariner ~ brevetat - able-bodied seaman ~ de cabotaj - shoaler

necalificat/stagiar - ordinary seaman marina s.f. marine

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MAR-MAT 216

~ comerciala - commercial/mercantile marine, merchant marine/navy, merchant shipping ~ militara - navy, naval forces maritim adj. maritime, marine; seaborne,seagoing marja s.f. (bur., corn., cont., fin.) margin ~ a dobanzii - (cliferenta dintre ratele dobdnzilor creditoare §i debitoare ale unei band) interest margin ~ bruta - (diferenta dintre pretui de vdnzare cu amdnuntid fi eel cu ridicata) (corn.) gross margin ~ de contributie - (contributia la costurile fixe sau venitui ramas dupd plata cos turilor fixe) (fin.) contribution margin ~ de profit - profit margin ~ de profit net - net profit margin ~ de siguranta - (diferenta dintre veniturile obtinute din vdnzdrile curente fi cele realizate la pragul de rehabilitate) (fin.) margin of safety, safety margin marketing A. n. marketing ~ comun - (a/ unui grup de pro- ducdtori care colaboreazd pentru lansarea mdrfurilor lor pe piata) cooperative marketing ~ de stimulare - incentive marketing ~ direct - direct marketing ~ in retea - network marketing ~ nonprofit - nonprofit marketing ~ pe baza acceptarii produsului - (de cdtre consumatori) product acceptance marketing ~ simbiotic - (realizat prin acorduri intre doud sau mai multe firme) symbiotic marketing ~ social - social marketing

marxism s. n. Marxism ~ -leninism - Marxism-Leninism masa s.f. 1. table 2. (mdncare) meal. fare 3. (in fizicd etc.) mass ~ de joc - gambling table ~ de sens - writing table, desk ~ monetara - money supply ~ specifica aparenta - bulk density ~ specifica in vrac - bulk weight ~ si casa - (pensiune) board and lodging ~ verde - official board, green table: (fur a.]) green fodder masina s.f. machine; engine; (automobile car ~ contabila de calcul/facturat si contabilizat - accounting machine ~ de ambalat/impachetat - package wrapping machine, packer ~ de asamblat - assemb

~ electrica de casa -

assembling machine - electric cash

register ~ de etichetat - labeller ~ de facturat - billing machine ~ de insacuit/ambalat in saci - sack packer, sack-filling machine ~ de scris - typewriter ~ de serviciu - company car ~ de sortare - sorter ~ de tiparit bancnote/titluri de; valoare - security printer | ~ postala de francat - postal franking J machine ~ -unealta - machine tool ~ universala - versatile machine matca s.f. (color, talon) counterfoil, heel, stub material adj., s.n. material ~ de ambalare - packing material ~ de inlocuire - substitute material ; ~ deficitar - shortage material I

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MAT-MAS 217

~ inflamabil - inflammable/flammable material ~ lemnos - wood, timber; (SUA) lumber ~ nefolosit vandut de guvern/stat - government surplus ~ plastic - plastics ~ publicitar - advertising/publicity material, promotion matter ~ publicitar colant - sticker ~ publicitar postal - mailshot ~ rulant - (c.f.) rolling stock, railway vehicles materiale de constructie - building materials ~ refolosibile - reusable materials ~ textile - textiles materie s.f. material ~ prima - raw/working material; (in industria petrochimica) feedstock; (introdusd in procesul de fabricatie) throughput ~ prima deficitara - scarce raw material ~ prima strategics - strategic raw material matrice s.f. matrix ~ de conducere - (metodd de con- ducere a firmelor multinationale care implied acordarea responsabilitdtilor pentru sectoare din activitatea compa- niei atat organizatiei nationale, cat si diviziilor de productie) matrix management maturitate s.f. (scadenta) maturity a ajunge la ~ - to mature maxim(al) adj. maximum maximiza v.t. to maximize maximizare s.f. maximization ~ a profitului - profit maximization maxim(um) s.n. maximum, upper limit

mari v.t. to enlarge; (a spori, a create) to increase; (preturi) to mark up, to push up, to boost; (pretui, valoarea etc.) to enhance; (preturi, salarii etc.) to raise v.r. to increase marime s.f. size ~ obisnuita/curenta - (de articole de imbrdcdminte) stock size marire s.f. (a preturilor etc.) increase, upturn, upswing, boost, raise ~ a capitalului social - increase of capital marunt adj. (despre cheltuieli) petty; (despre bani) loose maruntis s.n. 1. (bani mdrunti) (small) change, small coin/money, loose cash/change/money 2. pi. (mdrfuri) small goods, petty/small wares masurare s.f. measurement ~ a timpului — (in munca manuala) methods time measurement ~ a timpului prin comparare - differential timing ~ a ulajului - ullaging masura s.f \. measure; (masurare) measurement; (intindere) extent; (cantitate) quantity, amount 2. (corn.) size; fitting ~ de capacitate - measure of capacity, liquid measure ~ de capacitate pentru cereale si marfuri pulverulente - corn and dry measure ~ de capacitate pentru marfuri pulverulente - dry measure ~ de cherestea - (care foloseste ca imitate piciorul - cherestea) board measure ~ -etalon - standard of measurement ~ foarte mare - {la imbrdcdminte) outsize

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218 MAS-MED ~ metrica/zecimala - decimal measure ~ provizorie/temporara - stopgap masuri antiinflationiste - anti- -inflationary measures ~ de protectia §i medicina muncii - health and safety ~ de urgenta - emergency measures ~ deflationiste - deflationary measures ~ energice - strong measures ~ represive - retaliatory measures ~ restrictive - restrictive measures ~ §i greutati - weights and measures mana s.f. hand ~ de lucru - manpower, labour (force), hands ~ de lucru angajata cu contract - contract/indentured labour ~ de lucru calificata - skilled labour ~ de lucru neproductiva - unproductive labour ~ de lucru ocazionala/sezoniera - casual labour ~ libera - free hand, full authority a avea ~ libera - to have a free hand a duce lipsa de ~ de lucru - to be short of hands mecanic adj. mechanical s.m. mechanic; engineer ~ brevetat- (mar.) certified engineer ~ de locomotiva - engine operator/ driver, engineman - de punte - (mar.) deck engineer ~ -masinist - engineer ~ -sef - master mechanic, chief engineer mecanism s.n. mechanism; machinery; device; gear ~ al economiei de piata - market economy mechanism ~ al preturilor - price mechanism

~ al ratei de schimb - exchange rate mechanism ~ de echilibrare - (a balantei comerciale) adjustment mechanism ~ economic - economic mechanism mecaniza v.t. to mechanize medic s.m. physician, doctor ~ chirurg - surgeon ~ de medicina generala - family doctor ~ igienist - health officer ~ legist - forensic expert ~ veterinar - veterinary surgeon medicament s.n. medicine, drug, medicament ~ care poate fi cumparat fara reteta medicala - over-the-counter drug medicina s.f. medicine ~ a muncii - industrial/occupational medicine ~ legala - forensic medicine medic s.f. average; mean ~ aritmetica - arithmetical mean ~ de lucru - working mean ~ neponderata - unweighted average ~ ponderata - weighted average mediere s.f. (tranzactionare treptata/ graduald prin cumpdrarea sau vdn- zarea de loturi de acUuni din acelayi\ packet la date si preturi diferite) (bur.] averaging mediu s.n. environment

concurential - competitivi environment ~ de afaceri al firmei - firm'! business environment ~ economic - economic environment ~ financiar - financial environment ~ natural - natural environment ~ social - social environme background/milieu

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MEM-MAR 219

membru s.m. member; (al unei societdti stiintifice etc.) fellow; (de partid, de sindicat) cardholder ~ activ - active member ~ al bursei - floor member ~ al consiliului de administratie - (company) director, member of the board, trustee ~ al unei comisii - (guvernamentale, parlamentare) commissioner ~ al unui cartel - cartelist ~ al unui consiliu - councillor ~ al unui sindicat - trade unionist ~ al unui sindicat patronal - syndicator ~ fondator - foundation/charter member; (al unei corporatii) corporator ~ neangajat permanent al consiliului de administratie - outside director ~ onorific/de onoare - honorary member ~ supleant - acting/deputy member a fi ~ in - to sit in/on memorandum s. n. memorandum ~ al acordului - memorandum of agreement ~ de achitare/indeplinire a obliga- tiilor - (de cdtre o societate) memorandum of satisfaction menaj s.n. 1. housekeeping, housewifery 2. (gospoddrie) household menaj er adj. domestic, household... meniu s.n. menu, bill of fare ~ fix - ordinary mensual adj. monthly mentine v.t. to maintain v.r. (despre preturi} to keep up; (in post) to keep one's job mentiona v.t. to mention, to make mention of; (intr-un contract) to set forth; (a specified) to specify

mercantil adj. mercantile mercantilism s. n. mercantilism merceologie s.f. science of commodities mercerie s.f. 1. (articole) haberdashery, mercery, small wares 2. (prdvalie) small-ware shop mercurial s.n. (listd de preturi) price current/list meserias s.m. handicraftsman, craftsman, tradesman meserie s.f. 1. trade, handicraft, craft 2. (profesie) profession, vocation ~ calificata - skilled trade mestesug s.n. 1. (meserie) trade, handicraft, craft 2. (profesie) profession, vocation 3. (pricepere) skill 4. (artd) craftsmanship mestesugar s.m. artisan, handicraftsman, craftsman, tradesman mestesugaresc

adj. handicraft... metalurgie s.f. metallurgy,

handmade,

metallurgical engineering metalurgia feroaselor - ferrous metallurgy ~ neferoaselor - nonferrous metallurgy metoda s.f. method; procedure metoda adaugarii unei cote marginale fixe la pretui de cost - cost-plus method ~ amortizarii liniare - (cont.) straight- -line method ~ compararii factorilor - (in evaluarea unei activitdti) factor comparison method ~ desfasuratorului - (pentru elabo- rarea situatiei fluxului de numerar) (cont.) spreadsheet approach

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MAR-MB1 220

~ in timpi reali - {tehnicd de control menitd sd diminueze volumul stocurilor pe care o societate cu profit de pro-ductie trebuie sd Ie pdstreze) just-in- -time ~ posturilor tranzitorii - accrual basis/concept ~ procentului din vanzari - {metoda de previziune a nevoilor financiare prin exprimarea diferitelor posturi de bilant ca procent din vdnzdri si apoi inmultirea acestor procentaje cu vdnzdrile viitoare estimate pentru a realiza bilanturi pro forma) {cont.) percentage of sales method metoda de amortizare - depreciation method ~ de determinare a preturilor - pricing procedure ~ de estimare la valoarea actuala - (a nnei investitii) present value method ~ de evaluare a stocului - (pentru alocarea costului de achizitie pe stoc) {cont.) inventory costing method ~ de finantare - method of financing ~ de ierarhizare a activitatilor - job ranking method ~ de incercare/testare - testing method, test procedure metric adj. metric metrologie s.f. metrology metropola s.f. metropolis metrou s.n. underground, metropolitan; {SUA) subway metru s.m. metre ~ cub - cubic metre ~ -etalon - standard metre ~ patrat - square metre mezelarie s.f. 1. sausage factory 2. (magazin) ham-and-beef/pork- -butcher's shop

mezoeconomie s.f. intermediate levd of economy mic adj. 1. small 2. (despre venituri. beneficii) poor ~ -burghez - petty bourgeois ~ cabotaj - (intre porturile nationalc din aceeasi mare) (mar) short-sea/near trade, small(-coast) trade, inshoicl navigation/coastal traffic ~ gros - (mdsurd echivalentd cu 12 duzini, 144 de obiecte) small gross mica burghezie - petty bourgeoisie ~ gospodarie taraneasca ~ sn peasant farm ~ Industrie - small industry ~ productie - small(-scale) productioni ~ publicitate - classific advertisement microeconomie s.f. microeconomics micsora v.f. to reduce, to decrease, diminish; (preturi, salarii etc.) lower, to abate, to cut; {preturi) to p down v.r. to decrease, to diminish. abate; {despre preturi) to sink migratie s.f. migration ~ a capitalului - migration of money - ~ internationala a fortei de munca- international labour migration mijioc s.n. 1. middle 2. {mod actiune) means; (metoda) methi (cale) way; {instrument) instrume {resursa) resource 3. pi. means; a facilities mijioace de andocare - doci facilities ~ de antrepozitare - warehoi facilities ~ de comunicare in masa - media ~ de descarcare - discharge facilitie ~ de incarcare - loading facilities

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MIJ-MIN 221

~ de manipulare a marfurilor - cargo handling facilities ~ de plata - means of payment, payment media; circulating medium, medium of exchange ~ de productie - means of production, capital/investment goods, producer(s)/ production goods ~ de trai - means of subsistence/living, livelihood ~ de transport - transport facilities, means of conveyance ~ fixe - fixed assets, physical capital ~ independente de trai - (obtinute din rente sail titluri de valoare) independent means ~ legale de plata - legal tender ~ legale limitate de plata - limited legal tender ~ locale - local resources ~ plutitoare - floating equipment ~ portuare - docking/harbour facilities ~ publicitare - advertising media mijioci v.t. (a media) to mediate, to interpose/to intercede/to intervene in mijiocitor s.m. mediator, intermediary; (in negocierf) negotiator; (si in sens negativ) go-between; (numai in sens negativ) pander, procurer mila s.f. (imitate de masurd pentru lungime) mile ~ britanica/terestra - land/British mile; (SUA) statute/statutory mile ~ ecuatoriala/geografica - equatorial/ geographical mile ~ marina/nautica - nautical/marine/ sea mile ~ marina engleza/standard - Admiralty/English/nautical standard mile

~ marina/nautica internationala - international nautical mile ~ Mercator/de latitudine crescanda - Mercator's mile ~ -tren - train mile miliard s.n. milliard; (SUA) billion miliardar s.m. multimillionaire; (SUA) billionaire milion^./z. million milionar^.w. millionaire mina s.f. mine; (put) mine, pit; (cariera) quarry ~ de aur - gold mine, bonanza ~ de carbuni - coal mine/pit, colliery miner s.m. miner; (din minele de carbuni} collier mineral adj., s.n. mineral mineralier s.n, bulk-ore carrier, ore carrier/ship/vessel ~ -carbonier - ore-coal carrier ~ -cerealier - ore-grain carrier ~ -petrolier - ore-oil tanker minereu s.n. ore ~ brut - crude/mine ore ~ -bulgari - lump ore ~ in vrac - ore in bulk minerits.n. mining minim adj., s.n. minimum ~ de subzistenta/trai - minimum living standard minimaliza v.t. to minimize, to belittle; (a subaprecia) to disparage minimum s. n. minimum minister s.n. ministry; (Anglia) office, board; (SUA) department Ministerul Afacerilor Externe - Ministry of External Affairs; (Anglia) Foreign Office; (SUA) State Department ~ Afacerilor Interne - Ministry of Internal/Home Affairs; (Anglia) Home

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M1N-MO Office; (SUA) Department of the Interior ~ Agriculturii - (Anglid) Board of Agriculture

Apararii - (SUA) Defense Department ~ Comertului - Ministry of Trade; (Anglid} 'Board of Trade; (SUA) Department of Commerce ~ de Finante - Ministry of Finance; (Anglid) Exchequer; (SUA) Department of Treasury ~ de Justitie - Ministry of Justice; (SUA) Department of Justice ~ Educatiei - Ministry of Education; (Anglid) Board of Education ~ Sanatatii - Ministry of Public Health ministru s.m. minister; (Anglid) secretary of state ~ adjunct - deputy minister; (Anglid) Undersecretary ~ al afacerilor externe - Minister for Foreign Affairs; (Anglid) Foreign Secretary; (SUA) Secretary of State, State Secretary ~ al afacerilor interne - Minister for Internal Affairs; (Anglid) Home Secretary; (SUA) Secretary of the Interior ~ al comertului - Minister of Commerce; (Anglid) President of the Board of Trade ~ de finante - Minister for Finance; (Anglici) Chancellor of the Exchequer; (SUA) Secretary of the Treasury (Department) ~ de justitie - Minister of Justice; (Anglid) Lord Chancellor; (SUA) Attorney General ~ fara portofoliu - Minister without portofolio

~ plenipotentiar - Ministi Plenipotentiary minus s.n. minus; (deficit) defici (lipsd dintr-o cantitate, marfa) short miscare s.f. 1. motion; movement (activitate) activity 3. (sociali movement; (revoltd) revolt, ric commotion, upheaval, uprising 4. (c.j traffic management ~ a capitalului - capital movement ~ civila - (care provoacd dawv (asig.) civil commotion ~ grevista - strike movement ~ portuara - dock traffic ~ revolutionara - revolutionai movement ~ sindicala - trade-union movement mita s.f. bribery; illicit commissio' (data pentru a cumpdra tdcerea cuivi hush-money; (concret) bribe mitui v.t. to bribe, to buy off/ove (martori) to tamper with mituitor s.m. bribe giver; (de marto? tamperer mix s. n. mix ~ de distributie - (combinan canalelor de distributie) distributk mix ~ de marketing - (termen general ca cuprinde diversele elemente d procesului de marketing) marketa mix mixt adj. mixed, joint; (combine composite, compound ; miza v.t., v.i. to stake, to gamble \ miza s.f. stake, gamble moara s.f. mill ~ de apa - water mill mobila v.t. (a amenaja) to furnish mobila s.f. furniture, appointments; I articol separaf) piece of furniture

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MOB-MON 223

mobiliar adj. (dr.) movable, personal mobilier s.n. furniture, appointments mobilitate s.f. mobility ~ a capitalului - mobility of capital, capital mobility ~ a fortei de munca - mobility of labour, labour mobility ~ profesionala - (schimbarea struc- turii profesionale) occupational mobility mod s.n. mode, manner, way, style ~ de consum - (concept care reflectd proportiile dintre venituri si inega- litdtile determinate de ele in consumul popiilatiei) consumption pattern ~ de intrebuintare - pattern ~ de viata — {concept esential pentru deflnirea identitdtii socioeconomice a uiiui grup social) lifestyle moda s.f. fashion model s.n. model, pattern ~ al cresterii economice - model of economic growth ~ al incasarii debitorilor- collection pattern ~ de cec - specimen of cheque ~ de utilizare a salariatilor - staff- -pattem ~ econometric - econometric model ~ economic - economic model ~ industrial in dezvoltare - developing industrial model ~ -tip — representative type modern adj. modern; (la zi, actualizat) up-to-date modest adj. (despre venituri, beneficii) poor mol s.n. pier, mole ~ cu dana de petrol - oil pier ~ cu dane pentru marfuri - cargo pier ~ vamal - customs wharf

monarhie s.f. monarchy ~ absoluta - absolute monarchy ~ constitutionals - constitutional/ limited monarchy mondial adj. world(-wide) mondoeconomie s.f. world economy moneda s.f. (metalicd) coin; (imitate monetard a unei tdri) currency; money ~ bancara/scripturala - (depozite bancare etc.) nonphysical/deposit money ~ -cheie - key currency ~ convertibila - convertible currency ~ cu curs fortat - forced currency ~ cu titlu legal - coin of legal fineness ~ curenta - currency, current money ~ de cont - money of account, accounting currency ~ de hartie - paper currency/money ~ din aur sail argint - full-bodied currency ~ dirijata - managed currency/money ~ divizionara/de bilon - fractional currency/money, divisional/subsidiary/ token coin ~ efectiva - real money ~ elastica - adjustable/elastic currency ~ falsa - false/bad coin, counterfeit coin/money, base coinage ~ fictiva - fiat money ~ Hduciara - fiduciary note, paper currency/money, token money ~ Huctuanta - floating currency ~ legala - lawful currency, legal tender ~ -marfa - commodity money ~ metalica - coin, specie, hard money, metallic currency ~ neconvertibila - unconvertible currency ~ stabila - stable/sound currency ~ -tip - standard coin

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MON- 224

monetar adj. monetary, currency..., nummary, nummular monetarism s.n. monetarism monetarie s.f. mint; security printing office monocultura s.f. monoculture, one- /single-crop system monometalism s.n. (sistem monetar bazat pe un singur metal pretios) (fin.) monometallism, single standard monopols.n. monopoly ~ absolut - absolute monopoly ~ asupra vanzarilor - selling monopoly ~ bilateral - (instituit intre un cumpdrdtor unic si un vdnzdtor unic) bilateral monopoly ~ comercial - commercial/supplier's monopoly ~ de stat - public/state/govemment monopoly ~ discriminatoriu - discriminating/ discriminatory monopoly ~ fiscal - (al statului) fiscal monopoly ~ institutional - (instituit atunci cdnd proprietarul unei mdrci de fabricd o foloseste pentru a-si impime produsele prin publicitate si ambalaj special pentru a Ie diferentia cu once pret de oferta concurentel) institutional monopoly ~ legal — legal monopoly ~ natural - (situatie a pietei caracte- rizatd prin existenta unei singure firme sau a unui numdr foarte mic de firme ofertante care dispun de resurse naturale inaccesibile celorlalte firme) natural monopoly ~ perfect/total - perfect monopoly ~ unilateral - unilateral monopoly

monopolist adj. monopolistic monopolist monopoliza v.t. to monopolize; <J to engross; {mdrfuri, actiuni) to cor monopson s.n. (unicd firmd CUK rdtoare a unui bun sau a unui serm oferit de un numdr mare de proSi^ cdtori) monopsony, buyer's monopoly monopsonist^./M. monopsonist morar s.m. miller moratoriu s. n. moratorium (

mostra s.f. sample, pattern; (J material textil) swatch ~ aleatorie - random sample ~ de control - check sample ~ de valoare - sample of value ~ din marfa preluata - outturn sampi ~ fara valoare - (mentiune pe un coh de mostre) sample post ~ gratuita - free sample; (pferitd i scop promotional) handout ~ medie - (din diferite unitdti d marfa) unit type ~ reprezentativa - representatm adequate sample ~ statistics - master sample a lua o ~ - to take a sample mosteni v.t. to inherit mostenire s.f. inheritance, heritagi hereditament, heirdom; (legaf) legaq (de bunuri mobile) bequest ~ a unui legatar universal - residual bequest/legacy ~ neasteptata - windfall ~ vacanta - vacant succession mostenitoare s.f. heiress mostenitor s.m. inheritor, hei (legatar) legatee; (de bunuri inn biliare) devisee; (succesor} successor ~ aparent - heir apparent ~ legitim/de drept - heir-at-law

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MO§-MUN 225

~ prezumptiv - heir presumptive ~ subsecvent - remainderman ~ testamentar - (legatar} heir testamentary motel s.n. motel, motor hotel motivatie s.f. motivation ~ a consumatorului - consumer's motivation ~ de profit - profit motivation motiune s.f. motion; vote ~ de incredere - vote of confidence ~ de neincredere - vote of no- -confidence, want-of-confidence vote a adopta o ~ - to carry a vote mulgere s.f. {strategic de marketing pe termen scurt care urmdreste obtinerea rapidd de profit) milking multibranding s.n. (iitilizarea mai multor mdrci in cadrul aceleiasi linii de prodtise) multibranding multilateral adj. multilateral multilateralism s.n. (corn.) multilateralism multimilionar s.m. multimillionaire multinational adj. multinational multiplicator^-.w. (fin.) multiplier ~ bugetar - (exprimd cumulativ efectele politicii bugetare de relansare economica} budget multiplier ~ fiscal — (coeficient ce reflectd cresterea productiei si a venitidui prin diminuarea impozitelor, fdrd ca totahd cheltuielilor bugetare sdfie modificat} fiscal multiplier ~ monetar - (influentarea masei monetare din economic prin modi- ficarea necesarului de rezervd sail prin folosirea operathinilor de piatd deschisa) money multiplier munca s.f. 1. work, labour; (grea) sweat, toil 2. {ocupatie} job, work

~ a copiilor - (folosirea copiilor in activitdti productive) child labour ~ abstracta - (in teoria marxistd} abstract labour/work ~ accesorie - by(e)-work ~ calificata - skilled work ~ concreta - (in teoria marxista) concrete labour/work ~ complementara - follow-up work ~ conform graficului - schedule work ~ cu norma intreaga - whole-/full--time work ~ cu ziua - work by the day, day labour ~ de birou - office/clerical work ~ de mantuiala - rush work ~ de noapte - nightwork ~ directa — (fabricarea unui produs sail oferirea unui serviciu) direct labour ~ fizica - manual labour, physical work ~ gratuita - labour of love ~ grea/istovitoare - hard work, overwork ~ indirecta — (activitatea de administrate, intretinere etc.} indirect labour ~ intelectuala - intellectual/brain work ~ in acord -job/task work, piecework, work at piece rates/by the job; (in mine} tutwork ~ in echipa/colectiv - teamwork ~ in schimburi/ture - shift work/ labour ~ la domiciliu - homework ~ manuala - manual work/labour, handiwork ~ necalificata - unskilled work; (inferioard} underwork

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~ neproductiva - unproductive/wasted work ~ ocazionala - odd work/job ~ platita/salariata - wage/hired labour ~ platita cu ora sau cu ziua - timework ~ platita pe unitatea de timp - work at time rates ~ suplimentara - (ore suplimentare) overtime (work), overwork, surplus labour munci v.i. to work; (a trudi) to labour, to sweat, to toil; (ocazional) to job v.t. (pdmantuT) to till ~ in acord - to do piece work, to work by the piece, to work piecemeal muncitor adj. \. working 2. (harnic) industrious, active, hard-working s.m. worker, workman ~ agricol - agricultural worker, field/farm hand ~ autorizat - licensed worker ~ calificat - skilled worker ~ care determina norma - pacemaker, pacer, pacesetter ~ cu jumatate de norma/cu program redus - half-timer/'-time worker, part- -time work ~ cu ziua - day labourer ~ de fabrica - factory worker ~ evazionist - (care are cloud servicii, veniturile suplimentare obtinute din cea de-a doua shijbd, practicatd de obicei noaptea, fund frecvent nedeclarate) moonligter

~ exploatat - sweatee ~ feroviar - railman, railwayman; (SUA) railroader ~ forestier - forest worker; (SL'A} lumberjack, lumberman ~ industrial - industrial worker ~ invalid/fara capacitate de munca - disabled worker ~ in acord - jobber, job/task worker, pieceworker ~ necaliHcat - unskilled worker, labourer ~ ocazional - floater, occasional hand ~ portuar - longshoreman, stevedore, loader, lumper, dock(side)/watersidt worker; (pe chei) quayman ~ semicalificat - semiskilled worker ~ sezonier - season(al) worker muncitori esentiali - (cu sarcini ^ responsabilitdti deosebite} (man.) core workers ~ nesindicalizati - free labour ~ periferici - (mutati in interes dt serviciu] (man.) peripheral workers ~ sindicalizati - organized/union labour municipal adj. municipal municipalitate s.f. municipality municipal authority, (municipal corporation, corporate town munte s.m. mountain ~ de pietate - pawnshop, mont-det -piete I mutual adj. mutual I

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N natura s.f. 1. (CM diferite sensuri) nature 2. (/e/) kind, character ~ §i grad al avariei - (asig.) nature and extent of the damage a plati in ~ - to pay in kind nationaliza v.t. to nationalize naufragia v.i. to (suffer) shipwreck naufragiu s.n. shipwreck, (marine) casualty; distress, sea disaster nava s.f. ship, vessel, boat; (de mic tonaj) craft, watercraft ~ abandonata - abandoned ship/vessel, derelict ~ -atelier - repairing ship ~ -baza - accommodation/base ship, tender ~ ca parte contractanta - (CM obUgatii ?i drepturi) ship's side ~ -cap de convoi - leading vessel ~ -cisterna - tank ship/vessel, tanker ~ combinata - (pentru minereu §i ceredle sail minereu fi cdrbune) double-duty ship/vessel; (pentru pasageri §i mdrfuri) passenger-cargo ship/vessel, intermediate/mixed vessel ~ combinata tip OBO - (pentru petrol-mdrfuri in vrac-minereii) combined oil-bulk-ore, ore-bulk-oil ship ~ combinata tip 00 - (pentru petrol fi minereu) oil-ore ship ~ comerciala - commercial ship/ vessel, merchant ship/vessel, trade ship/vessel, trading ship/vessel, trader, freighter, cargo boat ~ compartimentata - subdivided ship

~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting ship, coastwise ship/vessel, coast trade ship/vessel, short-haul ship/vessel, coaster, shoaler

de cabotaj mic - short-sea ship/vessel, inshore vessel ~ de cabotaj national - home-trade ship/vessel, home trader ~ de canal - canal boat - de cartel maritim - conference ship/vessel ~ de cercetari hidrografice - survey ship ~ de cercetari oceanografice - oceanographic survey ship ~ de companie - (a aceluia^i armator) sister ship/vessel ~ de control - (yamal, sanitar §i de frontierd) boarding ship/vessel, examination vessel ~ de control al poluarii - pollution control ship/vessel ~ de control vamal - customs/revenue ship ~ de croaziera - cruise ship/vessel ~ de cursa lunga - oversea(s) ship/ vessel, foreign-going ship/vessel, long- -range/'distance ship/vessel ~ de cursa zilnica - day-service ship ~ de curse regulate/linie - liner, regular trader ~ de lacuri - lake craft, lake-type vessel, laker

de linie transatlantica -transatlantic liner ~ de mare tonaj - large ship/vessel

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228 NAV-NAV ~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk carrier/trader ~ de mic tonaj - small/noncapital ship ~ de navigatie interioara - inland navigation ship/vessel ~ de pasageri - passenger ship/ vessel/trader ~ de pastrare temporara a mar-furilor - {neincdrcate in termen) ship's accommodation craft ~ de pescuit - fishing boat/ship/vessel ~ de rada - roads ship/vessel, roader ~ de ranfluare - (salvage) lifting craft/ship ~ de serie - serial/series-built vessel, sister ship/vessel ~ de tonaj foarte mare - leviathan ~ de tonaj foarte mic - shiplet ~ de transport - carrier, carrying vessel ~ de transport combinat - dual--purpose vessel, combination carrier ~ dezafectata - (scoasd din functiune) disabled ship/vessel, idle ship/vessel, ship out-of-commission ~ fluviala - river boat/ship/vessel ~ frigorifica - refrigerated carrier/ ship/vessel, reefer (ship) ~ frigorifica de carne - meat carrier/ship/vessel, frozen meat ship/ vessel ~ frigorifica de pe§te - refrigerated fish carrier ~ in balast - (fdrd incdrcdtura) ship in ballast ~ in serviciu/exploatare - ship in commission/service ~ incarcata - ship in laden condition, laden vessel ~ maritima ~ marine vessel, sea ship, seagoing ship/vessel

~ mineraliera - ore carrier/ship/vessel mixta - (cdldtori §i mar/a) passenger-

cargo ship/vessel, cargo- -and-passenger ship/vessel, intermediate/mixed vessel; (po^tald ^i de mar/a) cargo-mail vessel ~ navlosita - chartered ship/vessel, contract carrier ~ navlosita pe termen - time- -chartered ship/vessel ~ necartelata - nonconference carrier/ship/vessel ~ nuda - (navlosita fdrd echipaj) bare boat ~ oceanica - ocean-going ship/vessel ~ oceanica de linie - ocean liner ~ pe perna de aer - hovercraft ~ pentru animale vii - cattleship ~ pentru autovehicule - car carrier, car-transport ship/vessel, vehicle cargo ship/vessel ~ pentru cereale - cereal carrier, grain carrier/ship, grain-carrying ship/vessel ~ pentru cherestea - timber carrier/ ship/vessel, timber-carrying vessel ~ pentru ciment - cement carrier ~ pentru materii prime - (minereuri, titei etc.) industrial carrier ~ pentru marfuri - cargo boat/carrier, cargo (-carrying) ship/vessel, freight carrier, freighter ~ pentru marfuri generale - general cargo carrier/ship/vessel ~ pentru marfuri grele - heavy- -cargo/-lift carrier/ship/vessel ~ pentru marfuri in vrac - bulk cargo carrier/ship/vessel ~ pentru marfuri paletizate - pallet carrier/ship/vessel, pallet-carrying ship/ vessel

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NAV-NAV 229 ~ pentru marfuri standard - standard cargo ship ~ pentru marfuri uscate - dry-cargo vessel ~ pentru minereuri fluidizate - slurry carrier ~ petroliera - oil carrier/ship/vessel/ tanker, oil-carrying ship/vessel, tank ship/vessel, oiler, tanker ~ portuara - harbour/port ship ~ remorcata - towing ship/vessel ~ sechestrata - arrested ship ~ sub pavilion nationa! - national flag ship/vessel ~ sub pavilion strain - foreign ship/vessel, foreigner ~ tip RO-RO - (pentru mijiouce rulante) roll-on-roll-off ship/vessel, ,,roro" ship/vessel '- -tramp ~ (de curse neregulate) tramp, tramper ~ -tramp de linie - tramp liner - - tramp universala - general- -purpose tramp ~ -uzina - (pentru prelurrarea pe^tehii la bord) factory ship/vessel a arma o ~ - to fit out a ship a scoate o ~ din exploatare - to lay up a ship naveta s.f. (c.f.) down-and-up-train; (SUA) commutation a face naveta - to rim to and fro, to run shuttle service; (despre o nava, un aiiiobuz etc.) to ply navetist.v.m. regular traveller naviga v.i. to sail, to navigate; (despre nave comerciale) to trade navigabil adj. navigable, passable navigatie s.f. navigation, sailing; shipping ~ aeriana - air navigation

~ comerciala - commercial navigation/ shipping ~ costiera - coast(al)/coastwise navigation, coasting ~ de cabotaj - cabotage, short-sea shipping, inshore navigation ~ de cursa lunga - long-distance/deep- -sea navigation, foreign trade ~ fluviala - river navigation ~ interioara - inland/inner/inside navigation, internal shipping -- maritima - maritime/marine navigation, sea navigation/shipping ~ oceanica - ocean navigation/ shipping ~ pe distanta lunga - long-distance navigation/shipping, long-range navigation ~ pe distanta scurta - short-distance navigation/shipping, short-range navigation ~ regulata/de linie - line/liner shipping ~ -tramp - (pe itinerarii neregulate} tramp navigation navlosi v.t. (mar.) to charter, to freight, to affreight ~ cu navlu forfetar/global - to charter for lump sum ~ spatiu pe o nava - to charter space navlosire s.f. (mar.) chartering, freightage, affreightment ~ a navei nude - (fdrd echipaj §i materiale) chartering by demise, bare- -hoat/-mill/-pole chartering

cu navlu forfetar/global -affreightment for a lump sum, lump sum chartering ~ partiala - part chartering ~ pe termen - time chartering

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230 NAV-NAV ~ pe termen lung - long-term chartering ~ pe voiaj - trip chartering ~ pentru o calatorie dus-intors - round-trip chartering ~ pentru un singur voiaj - single- -voyage chartering ~ simpla - single chartering ~ totala — (a intregii capacitdti de incarcare) whole cargo chartering navlositor s.m. (mar.) charterer, affreighter, freighter ~ pe termen - time charterer ~ principal - chartered/disponent owner, freight contractor navlu s.n. (cost al transportului mdrfurilor pe apa) freight, charter money, portage, seaborne/seagoing freight ~ ad valorem - (calculat in functie de valoarea mdrfurilor transportate) ad valorem freight ~ brut - (inclusiv taxelor portuare §i cheltuielile de alimbare) freight in full, gross freight ~ calculat pentru capacitatea neta de transport - on deadweight basis freight ~ castigat oricum - (chiar dacd nova si/sau caricul s-ar pierde) freight earned ship and/or cargo lost or not lost ~ contra ramburs - freight forward ~ contractual - charter/chartered/ contract/agreed freight ~ cumulat - aggregate freight ~ de cartel - conference freight ~ de inapoiere — home/homeward/ back/retum/inbound/inward freight ~ de plecare/ducere/iesire - outward/ outgoing/outbound/out freight

~ diferentiat — (pentru mdrfuri care se transportd regulat in cantitdti man) commodity rates ~ direct - through freight ~ dublu - double freight ~ ,,dus-intors" - out-and-home freight ~ egal - (chiar dacd nava va descdrca in mai multe portiiri) flat rate ~ estimat - estimated freight ~ excesiv - (calculat gre^it) excess/ over freight ~ global/forfetar - lump sum freight ~ intreg/total - full freight ~ la cubaj/volum - freight by measurement ~ la destinatie - destination freight, port of call freight ~ maritim - sea freight ~ mort — (navlu platit pentru spatiul neincdrcat din vina navlositorului) dead freight ~ nedeterminat - pending freight ~ net - net freight ~ oceanic - ocean freight ~ pe distanta - distance freight ~ pe timp - charter/time freight ~ pe voiaj - voyage freight ~ pentru marfuri de cabotaj - coastal freight ~ pentru marfuri de cubaj/volum - measurement rate ~ pentru marfuri de export - outbound/outward freight ~ pentru marfuri generale - package freight ~ pentru marfuri in tranzit - in- -transit freight ~ platibil in portui de incarcare - freight payable at port of loading ~ platibil la destinatie - freight at risk/payable at destination

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NAV-NED 231 ~ platibil pe cantitatea incarcata - freight payable on intaken quantity ~ platibil pe cantitatea predata - freight payable on delivered quantity ~ platit anticipat - advance/ anticipated/forward freight ~ platit proportional - (cu distanta parcursd)pro rata freight ~ ridicat - high freight ~ scazut - distress/low freight ~ suplimentar - additional/extra freight, overfreight ~ $i contrastalii - freight and demurrage ~ §i cost - freight and cost ~ -tramp - tramp/shipping freight neacceptare s.f. nonacceptance, default of acceptance ~ a unei cambii - nonacceptance of a bill of exchange neachitare s.f. nonpayment; (neono- rare a unui cec, a unei cambii) dishono(u)r neachitat adj. unpaid, unsettled, unreceipted; (despre datorii) uncleared; (despre taxe, impolite} delinquent; (restant) outstanding neacoperire s.f. (a unui ordin de plata} overdraft nealocat adj. {despre fonduri} unappropriated neambalat adj. unpacked, loose neamortizabil adj. irredeemable, unredeemable neamortizat adj. unredeemed neandosat adj. unendorsed neanulat adj. uncancelled neaprobat adj. unapproved neasigurabil adj. uninsurable neasigurat adj. uninsured; unassured; (asig. mar.) bare

neautorizat adj. unauthorized, unlicensed neavariat adj. undamaged neavizat adj. (formula pe un efect de comerf) no advice/orders nebrevetat adj. unlicensed necalificat adj. unqualified, unskilled necatalogat adj. uncatalogued necesar adj. necessary, needful; (cerut) required; (indispefisabi!) indispensable, essential, requisite s.n. want, wantage; requirement ~ de capital - capital requirement ~ de marja - (suma minima solicitata m depozit tuturor detinatorilor de contracte futures} (bur.) margin requirement necesita v.t. to necessitate, to require necesitate s.f. necessity, need; want, wantage; (cerinta) requirement necheltuit adj. unspent necomercial adj. (contrar iizantelor comerciale) unbusinesslike necompletat adj. (in alb) blank neconditionat adj. unconditional; absolute; (nespecificat) unstipulated; (fard conditii) termless neconfirrnat adj. unconfirmed; (despre vdrsaminte, plati) unacknowledged neconsemnat adj. (in documentele oficiale) off^-the-record neconstituit adj. (sub forma unei corporatii) (SU.4) unincorporated neconvertibil adj. unconvertible, inconvertible necorespunzator adj. inadequate necostisitor adj. inexpensive necotat adj. (bur.) unlisted, unquoted nedatat adj. dateless, undated nedebursat adj. undisbursed

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232 NED-NEC nedefinitivat adj. (despre un contract) open-ended nedepunere s.f. (a reclamatiei in termen legal) (dr.) nonclaim nedisponibil adj. unavailable nedistribuit adj. undistributed, undivided, unappropriated neeconomic adj. uneconomic; wasteful neeconomicitate s.f. (dezeconomie) diseconomy neelastic adj. {despre cerere, ofertd etc.) inelastic neemis adj. {despre actiuni, obli- gatiuni) unissued neevaluat adj. unvalued, unassessed, unrated neexecutare s.f. nonexecution, nonperformance, nonfulfilment ~ a unui contract - nonexecution/ nonperformance of a contract neexecutoriu adj. (despre un contract, o hotdrdre judecdtoreascd) unenforceable nefalsificat adj. (despre bduturd) unadulterated; genuine nefavorabil adj. unfavourable nefertil adj. (despre sol) poor nefolosit adj. unemployed negarantat adj. unsecured, unwarranted negativ adj. negative neglijenta adj. negligence ~ culpabila - (asig.) contributory negligence negocia v.t. to negociate v.i. to hold negotiations/talks negociabil adj. negotiable; (despre titluri de valoare) marketable, transferable negociator^.m. negotiator

negociere s.f. negotiation, bargaining; (a unui imputernicit) procuration; pi. talks ~ a contradului colectiv de munca -collective bargaining negocieri cu voce tare/prin strigare -(bur.) outcry ~ dure - hard bargain ~ in curs - negotiations in progress, on-going negotiations ~ la nivel inalt - summit talks, top (-level) negotiations ~ salariale - wage negotiations a fi in ~ cu cineva - to be in negotiations with smb. a incepe ~ - to enter into/to open negotiations a purta - - to hold talks negots.n. trade, commerce a face ~ cu - to deal in smth., to trade in smth. with smb. negrevat adj. (de sarcini ipotecare) unencumbered negustor s.m. merchant, dealer; (in cuvinte compose) monger; (cu magazin) shopkeeper, shopman; (de mdruntisuri, de bdcdnie) chandler ~ ambulant - pedlar, hawker, bagman, itinerant dealer; (de fructe, legume, peste etc.) coster(monger) ~ cu amanuntui - petty dealer ~ cu ridicata - wholesale/direct trader, wholesaler ~ de - dealer in ~ de articole de fier/fierarie -ironmonger ~ de cereale - corn dealer ~ de cherestea - timber merchant ~ de lana - wool stapler ~ de legume §i fructe - greengrocer ~ de marunti§uri - haberdasher

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NEG-NER 233 ~ de mercerie - mercer ~ de pe$te - fishmonger ~ de vinuri - wine merchant ~ de vite - livestock/cattle dealer negustorie s.f. trade, commerce; (in magazin) shopkeeping neimpozabil adj. tax-exempt/-free, not liable to taxation, untaxable neipotecat adj. unmortgaged, free from encumbrance nemcasat adj. (despre taxe, impozite) uncollected nemcarcat adj. (mar.) no-cargo condition neindeplinire s.f. nonexecution, nonperfonnance, nonfulfilment; (a unui contract) default ~ a obligatiilor legale - (dr.) nonfeasance nemregistrat adj. unregistered, unentered nelegal adj. lawless nelichidat adj. (despre datorii) uncleared nelimitat adj. (fard termen final) termless nelivrare s.f. nondelivery, failure to deliver nelivrat adj. undelivered nelucrator adj. nonworking nemuncit adj. unearned nenavigabil adj. unnavigable nenavigabilitate s.f. (a unei nave maritime, fluviale) unseaworthiness; (a unei aeronave) unairworthiness nenavlosit adj. (mar.) unchartered nenegociabil adj. unnegotiable neoficial adj. unofficial neonorare s.f. (a unui cec, a unei cambii) dishono(u)r nepatentat adj. unlicensed

neplasat adj. (nevdndut) unplaced neplata s.f. nonpayment, failure to pay; (a datoriilor la scadentd) delinquency neprelucrat adj. raw, crude; unmanufactured, unfinished nepretios adj. (despre metale) base neprevazut adj. unforeseen; (neasteptat) unexpected neprezentare s.f. (in instantd) default, nonappearance neproductiv adj. unproductive; (despre capital) dormant; (despre sol) poor; (neutilizat, neoperativ) unemployed, idle neproductivitate s.f. unproduc-tiveness, nonproductivity neprofesional adj. nonprofessional neprofesionist adj. nonprofessional neprofitabil adj. unprofitable, profitless nerambursabil adj. irredeemable, unredeemable, nonretumable, nonreimbursable nerecuperabil adj. irrecoverable, nonrecoverable, expendable nerecuperat adj. unrecovered nerentabil adj. unprofitable, profitless, unrein unerative nerentabilitate s.f. unprofitableness nerepartizat adj. undistributed, unappropriated nerespectare s.f. nonobservance, failure to observe, default; (medicare) breach ~ a obligatiilor luate - default on obligations undertaken ~ a secretului - breach of confidence/' security nereu$ita s.f. failure nerevendicat adj. unclaimed; (despre un bun) dormant

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234 NES-NOR nescadent adj. undue, unmatured nesigur adj. unsafe; (indoielnic, dubios) doubtful nesindicalizat adj. nonunion nesoldat adj. unbalanced nesolicitat adj. uncalled nesolutionat adj. unsettled nesubscris adj. (desprc capital) unsubscribed nesubventionat adj. unsubsidized net adj. nei; clear netaxat adj. unrated neto adv. net neutiSizat adj. unemployed idle neutraiitate s.f. neutrality ~ fiscala - (ace! sislem ds iinpunere, acele impozite si taxe care ru provoacd permrbdri ale alocdrii resurselor productive) fiscal neutrality nevandabil adj. unsaleable, unmarketable, unmerchantable, unrealizable, sateless nevamuit adj. uncustomed, uncleared neverificat adj. unverified, unchecked, (de cenzori) unaudited nevoia$ adj. needy, poor, desdtute s.m. needy person nevoie s.f. 1. (necesitate) need, necessity 2. (lipsd) need, want; (sdrd- cie) poverty, destitution 3. (jend finan- ciard) straits, straitened circumstances ~ dc bunuri competitive - competitive need ni§a s.f. niche ~ de piata - niche market nivel s.n. level; standard; scale ~ acceptabil de calitate - acceptable quality level ~ al datoriei pentru care se poate declara falimentui - bankruptcy level ~ al preturilor - price level

- al productiei - scale of production, output level ~ al salariilor - wage level ~ al tarifelor - tariff level ~ de cheltuieli prevazute - cost standards ~ de dezvoltare economica - level of economic development ~ de rezistenta - (al cursului actiunilor) resistance level - de subzistenta - subsistence level ~ de trai - standard of living, living standard ~ maxim- ceiling ~ minim al salariilor - wage floor -- minim al ucui pret - {controluf) price iloor nod s.n. (imitate, de musurd penlru viteza) (mar.) knot nomenclator s.n. classified list; schedule ~ comercia! - trade terms ~ de export - bill/list of export goods, export list ~ de marfuri - bill/list of goods nomenclatura s.f. nomenclature ~ vamala - customs nomenclature nominal adj. nominal norma v.t. to standardize, to normalize normare s.f. standardization, normalization, rate setting/fixing normator s.m. rate setter/fixer, standardizer; taskmaster; (in constructii) quantity surveyor norma s.f. 1. standard, norm; (reguld) rule; (specificatie, prescriptie') specification 2. (de productie, consum etc.) rate; (a unui salariat, a unui serviciu etc.) work load ~ de consum - rate of consumption, consumption rate

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NOR-NOV 235 ~ de descarcare - discharge rate, unloading/lading rate ~ de descarcare a navei - (in tone) discharge tonnage rate ~ de incarcare - loading rate ~ de lucru - rate of work, job rate ~ de manipulare - (a marfurilor) handling rate ~ de operare - (a navei) handling rate ~ de operare a portului - port efficiency ~ de pierderi admise - loss allowance ~ de productie - rate of production, output standard ~ de timp - time standard ~ de transport - rate of transport ~ fixata zilnic - (cu plata zilnicd conditionatd de mdeplinire) measured day work ~ flexibila - flexible working hours ~ intreaga - whole-/riill-time work ~ nerigida - loose standard ~ orara - hourly rate ~ partiala - part-time work ~ pe gura de magazie - (mar.) hatch(way) speed norme de livrare - specifications for delivery ~ de procedura - (dr.) rules of procedure ~ de receptie - acceptance specifications ~ de securitatea muncii - labour safety rules, safety prescriptions/ regulations ~ tehnice - standard specifications a depasi norma - to exceed/to top/to overfulfil the work a sparge ~ - to smash the target notars.m. notary ~ public - notary public

notarial adj. notarial notariats.n. notary's office nota s.f. note; memorandum ~ de achitare/indeplinire a obli-gatiilor - (de cdtre o societate) memorandum of satisfaction ~ de asigurare provizorie -provisional note ~ de avizare - (corn., fin.) advice note ~ de avizare a scadentei - prompt note ~ de comanda - order note ~ de confirmare/recunoastere a datoriei - (corn.) (SUA) due bill ~ de creditare - credit note ~ de debit garantata - (prin care un bun prezentat drept garantie poate fi pretins de creditor ca plata a datoriei) secured note ~ de debit negarantata - unsecured note ~ de debitare - debit note ~ de livrare - delivery note ~ de onorariu - note of fees ~ de plata - bill (of costs), account, cash note ~ de reinnoire - (ofertd de remnoire a contractului de asigurare) renewal notice ~ diplomatic^ - memorandum, diplomatic note notifica v.t. to notify, to give notice notificare s.f. notification, notice ~ de anulare - notice of cancellation ~ de credit - credit note ~ de ,,nava gata de incarcare" - stem note ~ de ,,nava gata de operare" - notice of readiness nova tie s.f. (dr.) novation novatiune v. novatie

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236 NU-NL'T nil adv. no ~ salvezi, nu platesc - (conditie de baza a contractului de salvare) (mar.} no cure, no pay ~ se cere - (despre actiuni) (bur.) no bid nud adj. (despre o nava fdrd echipaf) bare nul adj. 1. (dr.) null 2. (far a valoare) null, worthless, of no value ~ si neavenit - null and void militate s.f. (dr.) nullity, voidness, invalidity "-' de drept - nullity in law ~ de fapt - actual nullity ~ de fond - substantive nullity ~ virtuala - construed nullify numai adv. only ~ daca este cauzat de - unless caused by ~ la comanda - to order only ~ pierderea totala - (asig. mar.) total loss only ~ pierderea totala prin interpretare - (asig. mar.) constructive total loss only niimar s.n. 1. number; (cifrd} figure 2. (la garderoba) check; (la imbrd- caminte) size 3. (al unui ziar) issue ~ de identificare al contribuabilului - (SUA) taxpayer identification number ~ de inregistrare - registration number ~ de ordine - running number "- de securitate al cardului - card security number ~ de serie/fabricatie - serial number ~ de vizite — (facute de un reprezentant comercial clientilor sau potentialilor clienti) call rate ~ foarte mare - (la imbracdmmte) outsize

~- fractionar - fractional number ~ impar/fara sot - - odd number ~ intreg - whole number ~ multiplu - multiple (quantity) ~ par/cu sot - even number numere cu doua cifre - (de la 10 la 99) double figures numara v.t. to number, to count (up); (a calcula, a socoti) to compute, to reckon nume s.n. name "- a! beneficiarului - name of the payee ~ comerciai - business name, style ~ de familie -- family name •- fictiv - fictitious name - social - corporal name, name of a firm/company ~ si prenume - full name numerar s.n. cash, ready/effective money ~ contra documente -- prompt cash against documents ~ disponibil - available/spare cash ~ in casa - cash in hand a plati m ~ - to pay in cash numerota v.t. to number' (pugi'lile unui registru) to folio numi v.t. (inlr-o fiinctie) to name, to appoint, to assign, to nominate; (i/itr-m post) to place numire s.f. (intr-o functie) appointment, assignment, nomination; (incadrare intr-un post) placement numismatica s.f. numismatics, numismatology nutret.s'.n. forage, fodder

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0 obiceis.n. (deprindere) habit obiceiuri ale consumatorilor/tn materie de consum - consumption habits obiect s.n. 1. object, thing 2. (de studhi) subject (matter); (a! wiei cercetdri) object; {de activitate al unei societdti) object 3. (interes) interest 4. (articol, produs) article, item; pi. goods ~ al asigurarii - insurable interest ~ al contractului - purpose of a contract ~ al impunerii - taxable article ~ al litigiului - subject of an action ~ al proprietatii - (element constitntiv al activului patrimonial, identificabil si mdsurabil, corporal sau incorporat) property asset ~ asigurat - subject matter insured ~ in rise - (asig.) interest at risk obiecte de artizanat - handicraft - de familie - (care se transmit din generatie in generatie) (dr.) heirloom ~ desperecheate/disparate - odd- -come-shorts ~ pierdute - (intr-un loc public) lost property ~ valoroase/de valoare - valuables obiectiv adj. objective; impartial, fair, unbiassed s.n. 1. (scop) goal, object, aim, design, purpose 2. (industrial) industrial unit/project ~ final - ultimate goal obliga v.t. 1. (a sili, a constrdnge) to oblige, to compel, to force, to coerce 2. (prin contract, angajamente legate)

(dr.) to bind v.r. to oblige/to bind oneself obligant s.m. (persoana fata de care altd persoana se obliga prin contract, creditor) obligee obligat adj. 1. (silit, constrans) forced, compelled 2. (prin contract) bound 3. (mdatorat) obliged, indebted s.m. (persoana care se obliga. prin contract, debitor) obligor obligatar adj. bond... obligatoriu adj. compulsory, obligatory, binding obligatie s.f. obligation; (legala) (legal) obligation; (rdspundere) liability; (de serviciu) duty ~ cedata unui delegat/mandatar - (dr.) vicarious liability ~ consensuala - (dr.) consensual obligation ~ contractuala - contractual obligation ~ executorie - operative obligation ~ financiara - financial liability ~ neconditionata - (dr.) absolute liability ~ oneroasa - onus ~ solidara - (dr.) joint and several obligation ~ unilaterala - (dr.) deed poll ~ viitoare - prospective obligation obligatii fiscale - tax liabilities ~ reciproce - (ale armatorilor in caz de coliziune) (mar.) cross liabilities ~ sporite - accrued liabilities obligatiune s.f. (fin.) bond ~ activa - (cu dobdndd fixa) active bond

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238 OBL-OBL ~ -buldog — (emisa de societdti strdine pepiata Marii Britanii) bulldog bond ~ chirografara - (dr.) naked/simple/ unsecured debenture ~ convertibila - (care, la scadentd, poate fi schimbatd, in anumite conditii, cu alte titluri, in loc sd fie platitd) convertible bond ~ cu castiguri - lottery/prize bond; (obligatiune municipald sustinutd prin veniturile proiectului finantat) revenue bond ~ cu cupoane - (de dobdnda) coupon bond ~ cu cupon zero - (titlu emis pe baza de scant, fdrd cupon anual) zero- -coupon bond ~ cu discont — (vdndutd sub valoarea nominala) discount bond ~ cu discont mare - (dar care oferd dobdnda mica) (SUA) deep discount bond ~ cu dobanda esalonata - (care creste gradual) deferred bond ~ cu dobanda fixa - debenture bond ~ cu dobanda variabila - escalator bond ~ cu ipoteca prioritara - (SUA) first mortgage bond ~ cu optiune - (obligatiune msotitd de dreptui de a subscrie, mtr-o perioadd data si la un pretfixat anterior, actiuni ale societdtii care emite imprumutui sau ale unei societdti mrudite) bond with warrant ~ cu premii prin tragere la sorti - premium (savings) bond ~ cu rise mare - (cu dobdnzi inalte oferite in compensate pentru bonitatea adesea scdzutd a emitentului) junk bond

~ cu valoare nominala indexata in functie de inflatie - purchasing power bond ~ cu valoare nominala redusa - (maxim 100 de dolari) baby bonds ~ de economii - savings bond ~ de reorganizare - (rezultatd din reorganizarea unui concern) (SUA) adjustment bond ~ de stat - (emisa de autoritatea publicd si reprezentdnd creante asupra statului) government/state bond ~ de tezaur - Treasury bond ~ directa - (fdrd optiuni de convertire) straight bond ~ extensibila - (pbligatiiine pe termen scurt care li oferd detindtorului optiu- nea de a o schimba cu o cantitate similard de datorii pe termen lung, inainte de o data specificatd) extendible bond ~ garantata prin alte titluri detinute de emiter-t - (SUA) collateral trust bond ~ generala/negarantata - (instrument de indatorare pe termen lung, care nu este garantat de o ipoteca asupra unor active) (SUA) debenture ~ guvernamentala - government bond ~ guvernamentala la purtator - floater ~ indexata - (obligatiune a caret dobdnda si/sau pret de rambursare variazd in functie de un indice luat ca baza de indexare, oferind astfel protectie impotriva mflatiei) index (-linked) bond ~ intersanjabila - interchangeable bond ~ ipotecara - mortgage bond

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OBL-OCU 239 ~ ipotecara mobiliara - (SUA) chattel mortgage bond ~ in contui dobanzii - (obligatiune oferitd cdnd dobanda nu poate fi achitatd in numerar) interest bond ~ in serie - (dintr-un packet de obligatiuni care devin scadente in am succesivf) serial bond ~ la purtator - bearer bond ~ municipala - municipal/local authority bond; corporation stock ~ municipala cu dobanda flotanta -floater ~ (municipala) garantata prin incasarea unui impozit - special tax bond ~ (municipals) pentru dezvoltare industrials - (SUA) industrial development bond ~ neamortizabila/perpetua - (cure nu are scadentd) irredeemable/perpetual/ undated bond ~ nominala - registered bond ~ participativa - (la beneficii in functie de rezultatele obtimste de firma emitentd) participating bond ~ pasiva - (fdrd dobanda) passive bond ~ platibila in devize - currency bond ~ platibila in moneda tarii in care a fost emisa - currency bond ~ purtatoare de venit - (la care se plateste dobanda numai dacd existd profit) income bond ~ retractabila - (care ii oferd detindtondiii optlunea de a o revinde emitentului la valoarea nominala, inainte de matiiritate) retractable bond ~ revocabila - callable bond

~ samurai - (emisa in yeni pe teritoriul Japoniei de cdtre agenti economici nerezidenti) Samurai bond ~ simpla/fara conditii - (de platd) single bond ~ transmisibila - transferable bond ~ unificata/consolidata - unified bond ~ yankee - (emisa in dolari pe teritoriul SUA de cdtre agenti economici nerezidenti) Yankee bond obstacol s. n. obstacle, impediment, drag; (barierd) barrier ~ fiscal - (excedent al bugetului fiscal) fiscal drag obstacole netarifare - (ansamblu de mdsiiri prin care se impiedicd sau se limiteazd fluxiil international de mdrfiiri in scopnl apdrdrii pietei interne de concurenta strdind si/saii al echilibrdrii balantei de plati) nontariff barriers ~ tarifare — (ansamblu de mdsiiri care vizeazd fluxul de mdrfuri cu ocazia trecerii frontierei vamale a unui stat, cea mai importantd reglementare fiind aceea a taxelor vamale) tariff barriers obtine v.t. to obtain, to get; (a dobdndi) to acquire; (capital, fonduri) to raise; (comenzi, beneficii etc.) to secure; (profit) to realize; (un certificat, un brevet) to take out ocazional ad], occasional, incidental; (despre muncd) odd ocupa v.t. 1. (a angaja) to employ, to engage, to busy 2. (un post) to occupy, to come in, to fill 3. (a lua in posesie) to occupy, to take hold/possession of 4. (in mod ilegal/abuziv iin teren, o locuintd) to squat ocupants.m. occupier

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240 OCU-OFE ~ ilegal/abuziv - (al unui teren, al unei locuinte) squatter ocupare s.f. 1. (angajare) employment 2. (a unui post) occupancy 3. (luare in posesie) occupancy, taking hold/ possession 4. (ilegald/abuzivd a unui teren, a unei locuinte) squat ~ a fortei de munca - employment ~ deplina a fortei de munca - full employment ~ temporara - (prin mchiriere sau arendare) tenancy oferi v.t. 1. (a da) to offer, to present 2. (a pune in vdnzare) to offer, to exhibit, to put up/to expose for sale 3. {a licitd) to bid; (a face oferte pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii) to tender 4. (explicatii, referinte, probe etc.) to furnish ~ mai mult decat cineva - to improve on smb.'s offer ofertant s.m. offerer; (licitanf) bidder; {pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii) tenderer oferta s.f. 1. offer; supply; (licitare) bid, bidding; (pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii) tender 2. (in plic inchis, la licitatie) ticket ~ acceptabila - reasonable offer ~ agregata/globala - (cantitatea totald de bunuri economice disponibild pentru vdnzare la un anumit nivel mediu al preturilor intr-o perioadd determinata) aggregate supply ~ alternative - alternative offer ~ atractiva - attractive offer ~ avantajoasa - {sub pretui pietei) underbid ~ avantajoasa de cumparare - (pentru descurajarea altor ofertanti) preemptive bid

~ combinata - (oferta a unui produs care provine din doud sau mai multe surse ori metode de fabricatie; oferta de doud sau mai multe produse care satisfac acelasi tip de cerere, fiind inlocuitori apropiati unui pentru celdlalt) composite supply ~ complementara - (oferta de doud sauf mai multe produse care sunt rezultatiil aceluiasi proces de productie) complementary/joint supply ~ concurentiala - (situatie in care mijioacele de productie sunt limitate, iar producdtorii a doud sau mai multe mdrfuri concureazd pentru utilizarea lor) competitive supply ~ cuprinzatoare/detaliata comprehensive offer ~ de capital - capital supply ~ de cumparare - (fdcutd furnizorului, angrosistului) purchase offer; (de actiuni) tender offer ~ de livrar : - tender of delivery ~ de moncda - (punerea in circulatie de monedd noud de cdtre institutiile morietare specializate) money supply ~ de mostre gratuite - trial offer ~ de plata - tender of payment ~ de preluare - (a unei societdti fdcutd actionarilor acesteia) takeover bid ~ de titluri financiare - supply of securities ~ de transport maritim - shipping bid ~ de valuta - (disponibilitdti valutare care pot fi vdndute pe piatd, m conditiile unui anumit curs de schimb) foreign currency supply ~ efectiva — (oferta ce confine toate elementele unui contract - obiect, pret, termene etc. -, astfel incut acceptarea mtocmai de. cdtre parti sd aibd

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OFE-OLI 241 valoarea unui contract mcheiat) actual supply ~ excedentara - (care depdseste cerered) excess offer, sellers over ~ fara angajament - free offer ~ ferma - firm offer ~ m bloc - block offer ~ inchisa - (la licitatie) ticketing, sealed tender ~ incruci^ata - cross offer ~ insotita de mostre - sample offer ~ la pret scazut - low offer ~ nespecificata - blind offer ~ pentru inceperea negocierilor -tentative offer ~ publica - public offer ~ publica de cumparare - (procedura prin care o societate propune in mod public actionarilor unei alte societati, pe care doreste so. o controleze, sd rdscumpere, la un pret superior celui cotat la bursa, actiunile pe care acestia Ie detin) takeover bid ~ publica de schimb - (procedura bursierd care constd m oferta de scliimbare a actinnilor unei societati contra titlurilor altei societati} offer for exchange of shares ~ publica initiala - (de actiuni comune) initial public offer ~ secreta/ilicita - (coluziune, intelegere secretd a mai multor firme care sunt oficial in concurenta) level/collusive tendering ~ speciala — (de produse la preturi scdzute) special offer ~ verbala - verbal offer oferte comune - (stabilite prin coluziune, simuldnd o falsa concurenta) common pricing

~ de serviciu - situations vacant, help/hands wanted a face o oferta - to make an offer a retrage o ~ - to withdraw an offer oficiu s.n. (birou) office, bureau; (al unei administratii) office; (sediu al unei firme} office; (agentie) agency ~ de brevete - patent office ~ de cliring - clearing house ~ de cliring bancar - banker's clearing house ~ de scont - acceptance house ~ postal - post office oficiul fortelor de munca - employment agency/bureau, labour exchange, job center ofiter^.m. officer ~ de marina comerciala - mercantile marine officer ~ de punte — (la navele comerciale) deck officer, mate ~ de vama - customs officer ~ secund - (la navele comerciale) chief mate/officer, first mate/officer, (master's) mate oleoduc s.n. pipe-line oligarhie s.f. oligarchy oligopol s.n. (sistem depiatd in care un numdr mic de firme mart asigurd cea mai mare parte a ofertei unui anumit produs, impundndu-si conditiile de vanzare-cumpdrare pe piata bunului respective oligopoly, sellers' monopoly ~ instituit prin coluziune - collusive oligopoly oligopson s.n. (forma a pietei cu o concurenta imperfectd, unde un numdr mic de firme mari solicitd cea mai mare parte a unui bun, acesta fiind oferit de mai multi producdtori- -ofertanti) oligopsony

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OM-OPE oms.m. man ~ de afaceri - businessman ~ -reclama — (care poartd pancarte cu reclame prinse in fata si pe spatele sail) sandwich man omul economic - economic man, homo oeconomicus oneros adj. onerous, burdensome onora v.t. (o cambie, un cec etc.) to honour, to meet onorariu s.n. fee, honorarium, pay ~ de angajare - (]->entru un avocat) retainer onorific adj. 1. (de onoare) honorary, of honour 2. (neretribuit) honorary opera v.t. 1. (a manipula, a actiona un utilaj) to operate, to manipulate 2. (a incdrca sail a descdrca o navd) to operate operare s.f. operation ~ de marfuri - (incdrcare, descdrcare, manipiilare, stivuire) cargo work ~ defectuoasa - (a mdrfiirilor) faulty operation operativ adj. operative, effective, efficient operativitate s.f. efficiency, efficacy operator s. m. operator ~ care face piata - (bur.) market maker ~ independent - (pe cont propriu) (bur.) trader operatic s.f. 1. (hicrare) operation; work, action 2. (calciil) calculation, reckoning 3. (financiard, bursiera) operation, transaction, speculation, deal ~ cu prima — (tranzactie bursiera in cadrul cdreia iina dintre parti isi rezervd dreptui de a abandona piata in schimbul platii iinei s lime fixe achitate in avans, niimitd prima) premium deal

~ de acoperire - (tranzactie la bursa de valori sail de marfuri prin care se creeazd o acoperire in vederea executant angajamentelor asiimate, achizitiondndii-se ceea ce trebuie livrat la o data ullerioard - titluri, devize, marfuri) covering transaction ~ de arbitraj switch - (operatic de schimb intre o valuta forte si iina de cUring, transformarea nefdcdndu-se prin intermediul mdrfii) switch ~ fara profit sau pierdere - even deal ~ fiduciara - fiduciary transaction ~ portuara - (incdrcare, descdrcare, transbordare) portwork operatii a la baisse - (bur.) dealings for a fall ~ a la hausse - (bur.) dealings for a rise ~ bancare - banking operations ~ bursiere - stock exchange transactions, stock market trading ~ de leasing - leasing operations '- de masa - (servicii bancare standardizate destinate piibliculiii) volume (banking) business ~ de swap prin substituire de obligatiuni - (fin.) substitution (price) bond swap ~ economice - economic operations ~ financiare - financial operations ~ in numerar - dealings for cash ~ in virament - noncash transactions ~ la termen - (tranzactie bursiera prin care livrarea sau piata valorilor mi are loc in ziua incheierii tranzactiei, ci la o data ulterioard, fixatd anterior) foi"ward transactions/dealings ~ la termen cu marfuri - commodity futures

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OPE-OPT 243 ~ la transportui de marfuri - (mcdrcare, descdrcare, transbordare, stivuire) handling procedure ~ la vedere - (tranzactie bursierd cu plata imediata) spot transaction ~ speculative - speculative operations ~ valutare - foreign exchange transactions ~ valutare la termen - forward exchange/deals ~ valutare la vedere - spot exchange/ deals operational adj. operational oportun adj. opportune, timely, well- -timed oportunitate s.f. opportunity opri v.t. to stop; (a incetd) to cease, to discontinue; (a intrerupe) to interrupt, to break ~ platile - to cease payments oprire s.f. stop, stoppage; {incetare) cease, ceasing; discontinuity; (intre- rupere) interruption ~ a functionarii - (unui utilaj din cauza uneipene de curent) outage ~ a pierderilor - (ordin cdtre broker de a vmde actiunile care scad sub o anumitd valoare) (bur.) stop loss ~ in tranzit - (a mdrfii de cdtre furnizor dacd cumpdrdtond este insolvabil) stoppage in transitu optimiza v.t. to optimize optimizare s.f. optimization ~ a raportului dintre stocuri - stock- -ratio optimization ~ a valorii - (studierea fiecdrei etape din fabricarea unui produs in scopul reducerii costurilor de productie, fdrd a afecta calitatea acestuia) value engineering

optiune s.f. (drept contractual de a cumpdra sau de a vinde prin bursa de optiuni, la o data si un pret fixate anterior, un anumit volum de marfuri, metale pretioase, devize sau actiuni; dreptui unui investifor de a-si schimba obligatiunile convertible sau certifica-tele de optiuni contra titluri de valoare, metale pretioase etc. in conditii stabilite anticipat; in cadrul unei emisiuni de valori mobiliare, dreptui bdncilor participante de a-si mdri portofoliuJ) option ~ a cumparatorului de a dubia -(pptiune care u da drept cumpd-rdtorului sd cumpere un packet dublu de actiuni fata de eel convenif) buyer's option to double, call-of-more option ~ a vanzatorului de a dubia -(pptiune care ii da drept vdnzdtondui sd vdndd un packet dublu de actiuni fata de eel convenif) seller's option to double, put-of-more option ~ acoperita - (contract de optiune garantat cu actiunile unui titlu de valoare suport) covered option ~ americana - {care poatefi exercitatd oricdnd inainte de sfdrsitui exer-citiului) American option ~ cu pret de exercitiu identic sau apropiat cursului pietei - on-the- -money option ~ cu pret de exercitiu inferior cursului pietei - in-the-money option ~ cu pret de exercitiu superior cursului pietei - out-of-the-money option - de apel/cumparare - (optiune de cumpdrare a unui activ la un pret de exercitiu specificat} call (option)

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244 OPT-ORA ~ de plata - (pentru o politd de asigurare) settlement option ~ de vanzare - (optiune de vdnzare a unui activ la un pret de exercitiu specified!) put (option) ~ descoperita - (care nu are acoperire in titluri de valoare) naked option ~ dubla/mixta - (stelaj, optiune care da drept deopotrivd de cumparare si vanzare) put-and-call/double option, straddle ~ europeana - {care nu poate fi exercitatd inainte de sfdrsitui exercitiu lit i) European option ~ in devize - currency option ~ pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe alta - day- -to-day option ~ tripla - (care este o optiune dubid plus alte optiuni combinate) triple option, strap ~ unica - (care da drept fie de cumparare, fie de vdnzare) single option orar adj. hour..., hourly s.n. (program) schedule, timetable ora$ s.n. town; (in Anglia, oras mare; in SUA, orice oras) city ~ comercial - trade town ~ de frontiera - frontier town ~ dependent de o intreprindere - (pentru locuri de muncd, furnizare de cdldurd etc.) company town ~ maritim - maritime/seaboard/seaside town ~ -satelit - (dependent economic de un oras mat mare) satellite town ora s.f. hour; time ~ de Tnchidere - closing time/hour ~ de maxima audienta - (la radio si televiziune, pentru publicitate) prime time

~ de vara - summer time; (SUA) daylight saving time ~ de varf- peak/rush/throng hour ~ locala - local time ~ -nava - (imitate de masura a duratei de stationare a navei pentru operare) (SUA) ship hour ~ oficiala - official hour, standard time ~ -om - (imitate de masura a timpului de lucru) man-hour ore de birou/serviciu - office/official liours ~ de lucru - (programul de lucru in magazine si biroiirl) business hours ~ de lucru normate - fixed-working hours ~ lucratoare/de productie - working hours ~ suplimentare - overtime (work), overwork, extra work ~ suplimentare obi§nuite/normale - regular overtime ordin s.n. order ~ al agentului de Tncarcare - {mar.) broker's order ~ cu plata in numerar - {corn.) cash order ~ de a cumpara sau de a vinde la pretui pietei - (bur.) market order ~ de administrare - (a unei societdti insolvabile, ca alternativd la lichidarea ei) (dr.) administration order ~ de bursa - stock exchange order ~ de cumparare - (bur.) order to buy; (pentru a sustine cursul) supporting order ~ de cumparare in conditiile cele mai avantajoase - (bur.) order at best ~ de eliberare a marturilor antrepozitate - warehouse order

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ORA-ORG 245 ~ de tncetare a platilor - (ordin cdtre bancd pentru blocarea unui cec) stop order/payment ~ de livrare - delivery order; (mar.) ship's/freight release ~ de plata - payment order, order for payment/to pay; (mandat postal) money order ~ de plata simplu/neconditionat - unconditional order ~- de ridicare a sechestrului - (dr.) restoration of goods taken in distraint ~ de sechestru - (dr.) garnishee order, distress warrant, writ of attachment ~ de vanzare - (bur.) order to sell, selling order ~ de vanzare sou cumparare la termen - (bur,) time order ~ de virament - order to transfer ~ deschis - (ordin de tranzactionare valabil pdnd cdnd este execntat sail anulat) (bur.') open order ~ legat/conditionat - (ordin de cumparare executable prin utilizarea prodiisniui vdnzdrii de titluri determinate) (bur.) contingent order ~ limitat — (ordin de tranzactionare in limitele imei anumite jluctiiatii a cursurilor) (bur.} limited order ~ permanent - (ordin de plata dat de cdire un client bdncii sale, care va plali la intervale regulate impozitcle si datoriile titulamlui de cont) standing order ~ simultan — (de cumparare de actiuni peste pretui pietei si de vanzare imediatd la acelasi prel pentru a Simula activitatea pe piata bursiera) matched order ~ vamal de transbordare - transshipment pricking note

ordine s,f. order; sequence, succession ~ a prioritatii - order of priority ~ de zi - order/business of the day, agenda; (prezentatd in scris) order paper ordonanta v.t. (fin.) to order, to pass for payment ordonanta s.f. (/uridicd, financiara) order; (dr.) decree, ordinance ~ cu putere de lege - statutory order '- de blocare - (a unor conturi, a unor fondiiri) stop order ~ de plata - order of payment, pay order issued ~ de punere in posesie - writ of possession ~ de punere sub sechestru - (in caz de faliment) receiving order ordonatorA'./n. principal organ s.n 1. (dispozitiv, agregat) mechanism, device, unit 2. (orga- nizatie, autoiitafe) body, authority ~ de conducere - managing body ~ de control - control authority ~ executiv - executive body ~ financiar - financial body ~ legislativ - legislative body organigrama s.f. organization chart, table of organization, flow-process chart, diagram organiza v.t. to organize organizare s.f. organization ~ a conducerii intrqirinderii - management engineering ~ departamcntala/pe servicii. departmental organization ~ ierarhica - line organization ~ si conducere a productiei - production control ~ si metode ~ (man.) organization and methods; (serviciu de consultantci pe

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246

Idngd conducerea unei firme) systems and procedures organizatie s.f. organization; society, association; body ~ -corespondent - (institutie financiard care presteazd servicii pentru altd organizatie financiard') correspondence ~ flexibila - (man.) flexible organization ~ nonprofit - nonprofit corporation ~ orizontala - (tip de organizare in care autoritatea manageriald nu se transmite pe scard ierarhica) flat organization organizational adj. organizational

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ORG-OTE

orientare s.f. 1. orientation; direction, guidance 2. (a resurselor pentru sprijinirea unor sectoare industriale prioritare) targeting ~ profesionala - vocational guidance orixonts.n. horizon ~ de planificare - (pe 5-10 ani} planning horizon otels.n. steel ~ aliat - alloy steel ~ -balot/de bandaje - hoop iron ~ calit - hardened steel ~ inoxidabil - stainless steel ~ turnat - cast ingot/steel otelar.y.w. steelworker otelarie s.f. steelworks

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p packet s.n. pack, package, packet ~ complet de actiuni - (pentru actiuni, circa 100 de actiuni, pentru obligatiuni reprezintd o valoare nominalu de 1000 USD) (SUA) round lot ~ de actiuni - (bur.) lot, block, stock - incomplet de actiuni - broken/job/ odd lot ~ mare de actiuni - (ciimpdrat sail vdiidut de un singur investilor) line ~ principal de actiuni - controlling interests pagina s.f. page ~ dactilografiata - (a unui document. cu 72, 90 sau 100 de cuvinte) (dr.) folio pagini galbene/nationale - (anuar care cuprinde adresele tuturor institutiilor fi societdtilor comerciale) yellow pages paguba s.f. damage, prejudice; (pierdere) loss ~ accidentals - accidental damage ~ materials - material/property damage ~ prin aruncarea peste bord - (a bunuriior navei) (mar.) damage by jettison ~ prill contaminare - (a unor mdrfuri) damage by contamination ~ prin incendiu - damage by fire ~ prin manipulare - damage by handling ~ prin poluare cu titei - oil-pollution damage ~ produsa/ocazionata - damage done/incurred

~ produsa de raufacatori - malicious damage paleta s.f. (plat forma mobila folositd la manipularea unor mdrfuri) (mar.) pallet, cargo platform/stage/tray ~ de depozitare - warehouse pallet ~ de stivuire - stevedoring pallet ~ specializata - purpose-made pallet, special-puq^ose pallet ~ universala - general-puipose pallet paletizare s.f. (mar.) palletization, pallet operation pana .s'./.' (de marina, utilaj, mecanism) breakdown; (defectiune, avarie) failure ~ de curent - failure of electricity panica s.f. panic - la bursa - panic/flurry on the stock exchange panou s.n. panel; (avizier) board ~ de afise - bill/poster hoarding ~ de cotatii - (bur.) quotation board ~ publicitar - advertisement hoarding papetar s m. stationer papetarie s.f. \. (articole) stationery 2. (magazin) stationer's shop par adj. (cu sot) even paradisA'.n. (refugiu) haven ~ fiscal — (tard care oferd reduceri importante de impozite) tax haven paradox s.n. paradox ~ economic - economic paradox parametru s.m. parameter parametri de exploatare - operating data ~ de functionare - operational factors para§uta s.f. parachute

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248 PAR-PAR ~ de aur — (tip de contract de mimed, redactat de unii manager! pentru ei insisi, care prevede importante compensatii materiale in caz cd ar fi demist) (man.) golden parachute pare s.n. 1. (loc de stationare a autovehiculelor) car park, parking place 2. (totalitatea autovehiculelor de care dispune o imitate) fleet; stock, park ~ de autocamioane - truck fleet ~ de vagoane - rolling stock depot, waggon yard/park parcela v.t. to parcel (out), to lot (out), to plot parcela s.f. parcel, lot, plot; {data in arendd unei familii) allotment parcurge v.t. 1. (o distanta) to run, to cover; (o regiune pentru colectarea de comenzi sau strdngerea de voturi) to canvass 2. (o lista) to look down; (documented to go over, to run through parcurs s.n. run; (cursa) haul ~ gol/fara incarcatura - empty haul ~ in mile - mileage paria v.i. to wager, to bet; (a miza) to gamble paritate s.f. (fin.) parity, par ~ a puterii de cumparare - purchasing power parity ~ - aur/metalica - gold parity ~ de schimb - exchange parity, par of exchange ~ de schimb intrinseca/metalica - mint par/parity of exchange ~ fixa - fixed parity ~ glisanta - gliding parity ~ indirecta - (rata de schimb a doud valute calculatd prin raportare la o a treia) indirect parity pariu s.n. wager, bet

~ mutual-pan mutuel partajare s.f. 1. sharing 2. (a unui po:-t cu normd intreagd intre dot angajati cu normd redusd) twinning ~ a postului - (modalitatea de a impdrti o slujbd cu normd intreagd intre doi sau mai multi angajati cu normd redusd) job sharing ~ a timpului de folosire - {inchiriere simidtand de aparate si utilaje mai multor clienti in timp partajat) time sharing parte s.f. 1. part, portion; {care revine cuiva) share, lot; {bucatd) piece, fragment 2. {dr.) party ~ adjudecatara - {la licitatii) purchasing party ~ asigurata - insured party ~ civila --plaintiff ~ contractanta - contracting party, party to a contract, contractor, covenanter ~ indiviza - share in coownership ~ interesata - concerned party, party concerned, privy ~ in cauza - party to a case ~ in culpa - party at fault ~ in drept - party entitled ~ in litigiu - party to a dispute ~ prejudiciata - prejudiced party ~ semnatara - signatory ~ sociala - (fractiune din capitalul unei societdti cu rdspundere limitatd, reprezentdnd contravaloarea aportuhn iinui asocial, care li conferd anumite drepturi si responsabilitdti in cadrul socieldtii respective) share partener^./n. partner, associate; {intr-o tranzactie cu titluri de valoare) (fin.) contra

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PAR-PAT ~ care iese din firma - outgoing/ retiring partner ~ de afaceri - business partner parteneriat^.n. partnership participare s.f. participation; sharing; {la o afacere, tin interes) concern ~ a salariatilor — (termen general pentru a defini modalitdtile prin care angajatii pot participa la conducerea societdtii in care lucreaza) {man.) employee involvement/participation ~ directa - direct hand ~ la profit - profit sharing ~ optionala a salariatilor - (metodd prin care li se oferd angajatilor unei societati posibilitatea de a cumpdra actiuni ale firmei respective la un pret mai scdzut decdt cursul pietei) employee share option participatie s.f. 1. (forma de asociere) partnership 2. (la capitalul unei societati pe actiuni) share ~ a asociatilor - (cota-parte a fiecdrui asocial) partnership share ~ majoritara - majority interests ~ minoritara - minority interests particular adj. private particularitate s.f. peculiarity; characteristic (feature), salient feature ~ a unei activitati -job characteristic partida s.f. 1. (de marfd) parcel/lot of goods, batch, consignment 2. (/oc) game ~ de solduri -job lot ~ normala de marfuri - (bur.) regular lot ~ vagonala de marfuri - carload lot partial adj. partial adv. part(ial)ly pasager s.m. passenger; (intr-un vehicul public) fare

~ clandestin - clandestine passenger; (mar.} stowaway ~ de clasa turistica - tourist-class passenger ~ in tranzit - transit passenger pasa s.f. (de navigatie) fairway, navigation/ship channel, waterway pasibil adj. (de) liable to pasiv.?./?. (cont.) liabilities ~ acceptabil - (utilizat pentru a calcula lichiditdtile unei band) eligible liabilities ~ curent - current liabilities ~ neprevazut - contingent liabilities ~ net - net liabilities ~ pe termen lung - long-term liabilities ~ pe termen scurt - short-term/quick liabilities ~ sub forma de depozite - deposit liabilities pasivitate s.f. passivity; resistance ~ a consumatorilor - consumer resistance pasaport^.n. passport ~ de serviciu - service passport ~ pentru marinari - seaman's passport ~ turistic - tourist passport patent s. n. patent, licence patenta v.t. to patent, to licence patentat adj. patent(ed), proprietary; licensed patenta s.f. licence, patent; certificate ~ de sanatate - (mar.) bill of health, certificate of health/pratique ~ de sanatate cu mentiune - (mar.) touched bill of health ~ de sanatate curata/fara mentiuni - (mar.) clean bill of health patrimonial adj. patrimonial, real

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250 PAT-PEN patrimoniu s.n. patrimony patron s.m. employer; proprietor; boss patronat s.n. (association of) employers pauperism s.n. pauperism pauperiza v.t. to pauperize, to impoverish, to beggar pavilion s.n. (mar.) flag ~ al navei - registry ~ avantajos - flag of convenience/ necessity ~ de armator - burgee ~ de comert — (arborat de navele comerciale) merchant/trading flag ~ de companie - company/house flag - national - national flag/colours ~ strain - foreign flag ~ vamal - customs/revenue flag pacali v.t. (prin vdnzarea de rnarja de calitate inferioara) to fob off pacura s.f. fuel/black/buming oil paguba$ s.m. loser pagubi v.i. to lose v.t. to cause/to do damage to pamant s.n. (teren) ground; (sol) soil; (camp) field; (proprietate) land; (mosie) estate ~ arabil - plough land pasui v.t. to respite, to reprieve, to grant smb. a delay pasuire s.f. respite, reprieve, delay, grace patruiidere s.f. penetration ~ pe piata - market penetration panza s.f. linen, cloth -- de ambalaj - packing cloth/linen ~ de doc - drill ~ dc in - (fblosita la confectionarea prelatelor) flax canvas/linen

~ de iuta/de sac - (pentru confectionarea sacilor de marfd) sackcloth, sacking, jute canvas ~ de prelata - tarpaulin canvas panzeturi s.f. pi. (albituri) white goods, linen peprep. per ~ an—per annum ~ cap de om/persoana -per capita ~ comanda - (despre twine} bespoke - cont propriu - for one's own account ~ credit - on credit ~ luna — per month, per mensem ~ mare — (in timpul navigutiei) (asig. mar.) at sea; (referitor la mdrfurile in expeditie) afloat ~ nava - (la bord) aboardship, ashipboard ~ om-ora - per man-hour ~ riscul destinatarului - consignee's risk ~ tona - per ton ~ uscat - ashore ~ verso - overleaf, on the back ~ zi - per day, per diem - zi lucratoare - (in mdsura in care starea timpului o permite) per weather working day pecuniar adj. pecuniary, moneyed, monetary pedologie s.f pedology, soil science penal adj. penal penalitate s.f. penalty; (pentru mcdicarea unui contract) forfeit, forfeiture penaliza v.t. to penalize; (a amenda) to fine penalizare s.f. 1. penalization; (amenda) fine; (impusd de sinsiicat membrilor care mealed regulile

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PEN-PER 251 acestuid) fine 2. pi. (in cazul neinde-plinirii obligatiilor contractuale) retention money ~ contractuala - contract penalty ~ pentru cheiaj - (cdnd se stationeazd la dand peste termenul stabilif) dockage penalty pendinte adj. pending, abeyant, undecided, outstanding a fi ~ - to be in abeyance pensie s.f. pension, superannuation; (a unui functionar sail a unui militar) retired pay ~ alimentara - alimony ~ de invaliditate/pentru incapacitate de munca - disablement/disability pension ~ pentru limita de varsta - old age/ retiring pension ~ viagera - life pension/annuity pensii necontributive - (la fondul de pensii, contributia nefiind pidtitd de salariat, ci de firmd) noncontributory pensions ~ raportate la salarii - eamings--related pensions a ie§i la pensie - to be pensioned off, to retire (upon a pension) a scoate la ~ - to pension (off) pensiona v.t. to pension (off), to grant a pension, to superannuate v.r. to retire (upon a pension), to go on pension, to superannuate pensionar s.m. pensioner, pensionary, retiree ~ de stat - state pensioner ~ in activitate - semiretired person pensionare s.f. retirement, superannuation

review

~ pentru limita de varsta - retirement on account of age/pension, mandatory retirement pentrvi prep. for ~ numerar - (bur.) for money ~ ziua de lichidare - (despre tranzactii care urmeazd afi pidtite in urmatoarea zi de decontdri) (bur.) for the account penurie s.f. penury, scarcity, shortage percepe v.t. to collect, to gather; (im.po7.ite) to levy; (chine sail arendd excesivd) to rack percepere s.f. (de impolite) (tax) levy perceptor s.m. tax collector/gatherer perfecta v.t. (un contract, un acord) to conclude pericol s.n. danger, peril, hazard; (rise) risk ~ de intrare pe piata - (rise pe care si-l asumd o firmd cdnd pdtrunde pe o piatd noud) threat of entry ~ de navigatie - navigational danger, danger to navigation/shipping ~ natural - natural danger perima v.r. 1. to be/to become out-of- -date/obsolete/superseded 2. (dr.) to lapse, to become out-of-date perimat adj. 1. out-of-date, outdated, obsolete, superseded 2. (dr.) lapsed perimetru s.n. perimeter; area ~ de explorare - exploration lease ~ petrolifer - oil(-producing) area perioada s.f. period ~ analizata - (fin.) period under

~ de amortizare - payoff period ~ de conversie a stocurilor - (timpul mediu necesar pentru a convert! mate- riile prime in produse finite si pentru a Ie vinde) inventory conversion period ~ de functionare efectiva - on-cycle

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252 PER-PER ~ de gratie - period/days of grace, grace period ~ de inactivitate - outage ~ de maturitate - (a wiei. cambii) tenor ~ de proba - trial period; (a unui angajat) probationary period - de reaprovizionare - (timpul dintre comandd ,y; livrare) replenishment lead time ~ de recuperare a investitiei - payback period ~ de scutire de impozite - tax holiday '-- de stagnare - slack period ~ de subscriptie - subscription period ~ de tranzitie - transition period ~ medie de colectare - (yaloarea medie a conturilor de creante expri- matd in zile) (Jm.) average collection period perisabil adj. perishable perisabilitate s.f. perishability, perishableness permanent adj. permanent; (despre un comitet, un contract etc.) standing adv. permanently; always ~ in stare de piutire - (conditie de navlosire) (mar.) always afloat •- in stare de piutire sau esuat fara pericol - always afloat or safely aground ~ in stare de piutire sigura - always safely afloat permis adj. allowed, permitted s.n. permit; licence; authorisation; {de liber a trecere) pass; (de incarcare, descdrcare etc.) release ~ de aprovizionare - (fdra plata taxelor vamale) (mar.) victualling bill

~ de cabotaj — (cu scutire de taxe vamale pentru provizii) (mar.) bill of sufferance; transire ~ de conducere auto -driving licence ~ de debarcare - landing permit ~ de descarcare - discharging permit, permit to unlade ~ de export - export licence ~ de iesire sau de intrare in doc -dock pass ~ de imbarcare - shipping note ~ de incarcare - loading permit. permit to lade, release for shipment ~ de libera trecere - safe-conduct ~ de livrare a marfli - freight release ~ de marfuri antrepozitate - (mar.) dandy/pricking note ~ de munca - (intr-o tard strdind) work permit ~ de navigatie - navigation permit ~ de pescuit - fishing licence ~ de plecare - (a navei) sailing permit ~ de ridicare a marfurilor - (din depozit) demand pass, pass of goods ~ de scoatere din vama - (a marfurilor) bond/cartage note ~ de transbordare - tran(s)shipment delivery order ~ de tranzit - transit permit ~ vamal - customs permit; (mar.) dandy/pricking note ~ vamal de descarcare - (mar.) land/landing order - vamal de eliberare a marfii din depozit - warehouse withdrawal permit, warehouse keeper's order' release ~ vamal de incarcare - (mar.) jerk/jerque/stamp note, shipping bill. entry out

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PER-PER 253 ~ vamal special - (de descdrcare a mdrfurilor perisabile mainte de con- trolul vamal) (mar.) request note permite v.t. to permit, to allow peron s.n. platform ~ de sosire - arrival platform perpetuitate s.f. (flux de plati viiloare egale estimat sd continue vesnic) {fin.) perpetuity persoana s.f. person, individual ~ angajata permanent-jobholder ~ angajata temporar - casual ~ care acorda autorizatii/licente - licenser, licensor ~ care da cu chirie sau in arenda - lessor ~ care face munci ocazionale - odd hand/man ~ care face o oferta - offerer, offerer ~ care ia in posesiune ilegala - disseisor ~ care Tsi asuma riscul - (unei investitii) risk taker ~ care nu isi indeplineste obligatiile/ angajamentele - defaulter ~ care preia ilegal un teren - claim- -jumper ~ care renunta - (la un drept) disclaimer ~ care supraliciteaza - improver upon an offer ~ care vinde fara acoperire - (actiuni, mdrfuri) (bur.) short ~ careia i se aloca actiuni/titluri de valoare - allottee ~ careia i se face o oferta - offeree ~ careia ii revine o parte - (in urma unuipartaj) distributee ~ cu semnatura autorizata pe cec - cheque signer ~ decedata fara testament - intestate

~ deposedata ilegal - disseisee ~ fizica - natural person ~ fizica sau juridica care incearca sa obtina controlul asupra unei societati - (prin cumpdrarea masiva §i brusca de actiuni) (bur.) (corporate) raider ~ fizica sau juridica desemnata sa administreze tranzactiile de actiuni ca titular - (astfel meat proprietarul real sd rdmdnd necunoscut) {bur.) nominee ~ foarte importanta - very important person ~ impozabila - leviable person ~ in cautare de solduri/ocazii - bstrgain hunter ~ juridica - legal/juristic(al)/artificial/ fictitious person, legal entity, corporate body, body corporate; (client al unei band) corporate customer ~ numita - (intr-o functie) appointee ~ oficiala - official ~ particulars - private person ~ scutita - (de impozite etc.) exempt personal adj. personal; (individual) individual; (particular) private s.n. personnel, staff ~ administrativ/de birou - office/ clerical staff

calificat - skilled personnel; qualified/trained staff ~ care nu are dreptui la ore supli- mentare - exempt personnel ~ care nu beneficiaza de vechimea in munca - exempt personnel ~ cu serviciu exterior - outdoor staff ~ de conducere - managing staff ~ de exploatare/deservire - operating personnel ~ de supraveghere - supervisory personnel

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254 PER-PET ~ de teren - field personnel ~ functionaresc - clerical personnel ~ imbarcat/navigant - seafaring personnel ~ permanent - permanent/regular personnel ~ portuar - port personnel ~ supranumerar - redundant personnel, deadwood ~ tehnic - technical personnel personalitate s.f. personalty ~ juridica - legal status "<

pescador s.n. fishing cutter/vessel pescaj s.n. (mar.) draught; (SUA) draft ~ admisibil - permissible draft/ draught, allowable draft/draught ~ de bord liber - freeboard draft/draught ~ de exploatare - operating draft/ draught, service draft/draught ~ de mcarcare - cargo draft/draught ~ de nava neincarcata - no-load draft/draught, light draft/draught ~ de plecare - sailing draft/draught ~ de plina mcarcare - full-load draft/draught ~ in balast - ballast draft/draught ~ mare - deep draft/draught, heavy draft/draught ~ proiectat - designed draft/draught ~ redus - easy draft/draught, reduced draft/draught pescar s.m. fisherman; (cu unditd) angler; (de coasta) shoreman pescarie s.f. 1. (pescuit) fishing 2. (negot) fish trade; (piata de peste) fish market 3. (produse) fish 4. (cherhana) fishery pescui v./. to fish; (cu unditd) to angle; (cu traulul) to trawl; (cu ndvodul) to seine; (balene) to whale

pescuit s.n. fishing, fishery ~ comercial - commercial fishing ~ costier - coast(ing) fishery, inshore fishing/fisher}7

~ de balene - whale fishery, whaling ~ fluvial - river fishery ~ industrial - fishing trade ~ maritim - marine/sea fishery, pelagic fishing ~ oceanic/in larg - deep-sea fishery/ fishing, pelagic fishing ~ pe platoul continental - offshore fishery ~ prin traulare - (fish) trawling ~ sezonier - season fishing peste prep. over; above ~ balustrada navei - (formula din- tr-un conosament care aratd cd responsabilitatea armatorului fata de caric mcepe cdnd incdrcdtura trece de balustrada navei) (mar.) over ship's rail ~ paritate/valoarea nominala - (despre actiuni) (bur.) supra pari, above par pesin adv. in cash, in ready money; (in special despre un avans, urmat de plata in rate) down petitie s.f. petition, application a face o ~ - to submit an application petitionar s.m. petitioner, applicant, solicitor petrochimic adj. petrochemical petrochimie s.f. petrochemistry petrodolari s.m. pi. petrodollars petrol s.n. petroleum, (mineral) oil, naphtha ~ brut — crude petroleum/oil/naphtha petrolier adj. oil... s.n. (oil) tanker. petroleum carrier/ship/tanker, tank ship/vessel, oil-carrying ship/vessel

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PET-PIA 255 ~ combinat - (petrol-minereu) oil-ore carrier; (mdrfuri m vrac-petrol) bulk--oil carrier; (cereale-petrol) grain tanker ~ de benzina - gasoline carrier/tanker ~ de cabotaj - coastal tanker; inshore oil-tank ~ de cabotaj mic - inshore oil-tank ~ de produse albe - white products tanker, clean products ship/vessel, refined products carrier ~ de produse chimice - chemical tanker ~ de produse negre - black products tanker, dirty ship/tanker ~ de tonaj foarte mare - (peste 160000 tdw} very large crude carrier, superlarge/supersize tanker ~ de tonaj mare - large crude carrier, large capacity tanker ~ de tonaj mediu - intermediate tanker ~ de titei - crude oil carrier/tanker ~ - ,,mamut" - (peste 400000 tdw) ultralarge crude carrier ~ oceanic - ocean-going tanker ~ - portcontainer - tanker-container ship/vessel ~ universal - general-purpose/versatile tanker petrolifer adj. oil(-bearing) petrovaluta s.f. petrocurrency pfund s.m. (imitate de mdsurd pentru greutate) pound piatra s.f. (pentru incercat titrul aliajelor de metale pretioase} touchstone piata s.f. market ~ a acceptelor - acceptance market ~ a bunurilor si a serviciilor - goods and services market ~ a creditelor - credit market

~ a cumparatorului - (piata pe care cumpdrdtorii pot exercita preshini asupra cursurilor, astfel meat nivelul cotatiilor sd scada) (bur.) buyer's market ~ a emisiunilor - (fin.) issue market ~ a factorilor de productie - factor market - a fortei de munca - labour market ~ a imprumuturilor rambursabile la cerere - call market ~ a navlosirilor si a Tnchirierilor -charter/chartering market ~ a noilor emisiuni - (piata actiunilor societdtilor devenite publice recent) (bur.} new issue market ~ a petrolului - oil market ~ a produsului - product market ~ a scontului neoficial - (fin.) open discount market ~ a vanzatorului - (piata pe care vdnzdtorii pot exercita presiuni asupra cursurilor, astfel meat nivelul cotatiilor sd creased) (bur.) seller's market ~ activa - active/lively/brisk market ~ angro/generala - wholesale market ~ calma - easy/quiet market ~ captiva — (grup de consumatori care nu pot evita activitdtile publicitare, de marketing sau nu an de ales intre mai miilte oferte) captive market ~ cenusie - (piata cu activitate legald, insa cu preturi mari datoritd ofertei scdzute de mdrfuri; piata in cadrul cdreia handle dintr-un sindicat de garantie si plasament si intermediarii jmanciari cumpdrd titluri in bloc} (corn., fin.} grey market ~ concurentiala - competitive market

controlata/inchisa - one-man market

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256 PIA- ~ cu cotatii bune - {atdt la vdnzare, cat si la cumpdrare) two-sided market ~ cu plata in numerar la livrare -spot market ~ cu preturi instabile - (pentru cd oferta este mai mare decdt cererea) soft market € ~ de cereale - grain/corn market ~ de desfacere - (sales) outlet ~ de desfacere de proba - test market ~ de marfuri - {mai ales de alimente si materu prime) commodity market ~ de metale pretioase - {sub forma, de lingourl) bullion market ~ de navluri - freight market ~ de obligatiuni - bond market ~ de produse - produce market ~ de scont - discount/bill market ~ deschisa/libera - open market ~ externa - external/foreign market ~ extrabursiera a titlurilor de valoare - unlisted securities market ~ ferma - firm/strong market ~ financiara/de capital - (locul teoretic de intdlnire a ofertei cu cererea de capitaluri pe termen mediu si lung a agentilor economic!) financial/finance/capital market ~ fluctuanta - uncertain/mercurial market ~ futures/a livrarilor la termen -futures market ~ globala - global/mass market ~ imobiliara - real estate market ~ imperfecta - {cu conciirentd imperfecta) imperfect market ~ inactiva/stagnanta - inactive/ flat/ idle/dull/stagnant/sluggish market ~ institutionala - institutional market ~- interbancara - interbank market ~ internationala - international market

~ interna - intemal/home/dome market ~ ipotecara - mortgage market ~ in crestere - {cu tendinta de create a preturilor) rising market; {bur.) baBi market j ~ in depresiune/scadere - depressed? sagging/down market; {bur.) bear market ~ in regresie - shrinking market ~ inchisa - closed market ~ la termen - forward market: (Za bursa de marfuri) terminal market ~ larga - (piatd pe care se inregis-! treazd tranzactii continue si cursunie ' nu aufluctuatii mari) broad market ~ libera/deschisa - free market ~ lichida - (fin.) liquid market ~ moarta - dead market ~ mondiala - world market ~ monetara - {piatd specified ce are drept obiect al tranzactiei moneda sub' toate formele ei) money market ~ nationals - national market ~ neagra - black/underground market ~ neoHciala - unofficial/outside market; {extrabursiera) unlisted/curb over-the-counter market; (SUA) off- -board market ~ organizata/oHciala - organized market ~ paralela - {la preturi mai ridicaie. cu livrare imediata) parallel market ~ perfecta - {cu competitie perfect perfect market ~ potentials - potential market ~ primara - {piatd pe care sunt tran- \ zactionate pentru prima oard titliirue: de valoare nou emise) primary market

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T PIA-PIA PIA-PIE 257

~ profitabila - (pe care mdrfurile se vdnd rapid si cu profit bun) ready market ~ publica - market overt ^ restransa/Iimitata - stringent/ limited market; (pe care unui sail mai imilti. producdtori an decis sd-si limi- teze vdnzdrile) restricted market; (cu putine tranzactii si fluctuatii man ale cursurilor) (bur.) narrow/thin market ~ secundara - (piatd pe care simt Iranzactionate titlurile care nu figu- reazd pe lista cotatiilor oficiale) secondary market ~ slaba - weak market ~ specializata - (piatd pe care cotatiile sunt disponibile fie pentru ofertd, fie pentru cumpdrare) (bur.) one-sided/- -way market ~ specifica - specific market ~ speculative - speculative market ~ spot/a disponibilului - (tranzactie de mdrfuri sail de monedd cu livrare imediatd si cu plata in numerar sail in mdrfuri disponibile) spot market ~ stabila - steady market ~ supraevaluata - (bur.) overbought market ~ supraincarcata - glutted market ~ tertiara - (piatd pe care actiunile cotate sunt tranzactionate direct intre broker si client) (SUA) third market ~ -tinta - target market ~ unica - single market ~ valutara - foreign exchange market ~ valutara la termen - forward exchange market piete complete - (portofolii care cuprind orice tip dorit de cdstigiiri) (fin.) complete markets

~ consolidate geografic - (tranzactiile biirsiere mondiale) geographically consolidated markets ~ continue - (piete financiare care permit ca operatiile sd fie executate oricdnd in deciirsiil iinei zile de tran-zactionare) continous markets ~ fragmentate geografic - (tranzactiile bursiere realizate pe diferite piete geografice sunt combinate pe o piatd centralizatd prin computer) geographically fragmented markets a crea o piata - to make a market a provoca panica pe ~ - to raid into the market pichet^./i. picket ~ de greva — strike picket pichetare s.f. (de cdtre grevisti, demonstranti) picketing picior s.n. (imitate de mdsiird pentru liingime) foot ~ -cherestea - board-foot measure ~ de ulaj - ullage foot/stick pierde v.t. 1. to lose; (trenul, ocazia etc.) to miss; (timpiil) to waste 2. (bani prin investitii nerentabile) to sink 3. (la jocuri de noroc) to gamble away 4. (drept'ul la) to forfeit v.i. to lose pierdere s.f. loss; waste, wastage; (pagiibd) damage ~ a navlului - (ca urmare a indispo- nibilitdtii navel) loss of freight ~ a unui drept - (prin incdicarea unui contract) forfeit, forfeiture -' accidentals - accidental damage ~ aditionala - additional loss ~ bruta -gross loss ~ contabila - (pierdere rezultatd dintr-o depreciere a posturilor de activ sail o repreciere a posturilor de pasiv) book loss

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258

~ de bani - (prin investitii nerentabile) sinking ~ de capital - (la vdnzarea activelor de capital) capital loss ~ de clientela - loss of customers ~ de curs ~ (pierdere survenitd prin cumpdrarea unui titlu si revdnzarea sa la un curs inferior) price loss ~ de forta de munca - (din cauza angajatilor care demisioneazd din motive personate) labour wastage ~ de greutate - weight loss ~ de translatie - (pierdere cauzatd de transpunerea situafiilor financier e din valuta filialei strdine in valuta socie- tdtii-mama) (fin.) translation loss ~ deliberata/intentionata - (pent) •u a evita plata impozitului pe profit) tax loss ~ din credite obtinute traudulos - fraud loss ~ in avaria comuna - (as ig. mar.) general average loss ~ in avaria particulars - (asig. mar.) particular average loss ~ mare/grava - severe/heavy loss. ~ naturala/inerenta - natural wastage ~ nerecuperabila - (manifestare a ineficientei economice) deadweight loss ~ neta - net loss ~ partiala - (asig.) partial loss ~ pe hartie - (pierdere nerealizata) paper loss ~ pe mare - maritime loss ~ pe ultimul an - (reporlul p[aiii impozitelor datorate pentrii ultimul an, practical de fisc pentru o societatc falimentard, prin raportarea la profitui obtinut pe unul din ultimii trei am) terminal loss

~ prin contractare/u scare - (la iii-iele mdrjuri) shrinkage ~ prin interpretare/prezumata -(asig. mar.) constructive/presumptive loss ~ prin scurgere - leakage loss, loss due to leakage - reala - (asig.) actual loss ~ totala - total/dead loss ~ totala a obiectului asigurat - total loss of insured object ~ totala interpretata/prezumata -(asig. mar.) constructive/presumptive total loss ~ totala reala - (asig.) actual/absolute total loss pierderi cauzate de furtui marfii - (;« timpul transportului) (asig.) pilferage ~ de exploatare - operating losses ~ la depozitare - storage losses ~ neasteptate - windfall losses ~ prin credite neperformante - cred^i losses ~ succesive - succeeding losses pierdut adj. lost ~ sau nepierdut - (despre nava. mar/a) (asig. mar.) lost or not lost piesa s.f. 1. part, piece 2. (specimens specimen; (exemplar) copy 3. (mo-neda) coin ~ contabila/justificativa - (covering? voucher ~ de rezerva/schimb - spare replacement/renewal part ~ detasabila - removable part ~ uzabila - wearing part pinta s.f. (imitate de mdsurd penrr^ capacitate) pint piscicultura s.f. fish breeding/culture farming/husbandry pivnita s.f. cellar, vault

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PIV-PLA

-- vamala - bonded vaults plafon s.n. (nivel maxim) ceilin (extreme) limit ~ al datoriei - debt ceiling ~ al preturilor - price ceiling ~ al salariilor — wage ceiling ~ de creditare - credit ceil agreement ~ valoric/descoperit - (stabilit cadrul operatiilor de cliring) swing plafona v.t. to limit plaja s.f. 1. beach 2. {interval intre doua mdsuri, doua posibilitdti) spread ~ de licitatie — (diferenta dintre pretui de licitatie si pretui ceruf) bid-asked spread plan s.n. plan, scheme; (protect) project, draft, draught, design; (program) program(me), schedule ~ al capacitatii de incarcare - (mar.) capacity/tonnage plan ~ anual - annual/year-to-year plan ~ cadastral - cadastral survey ~ cincinal - five-year plan ~ de activitati zilnice - day plan ~ de afaceri — business plan ~ de amortizare - redemption table ~ de amplasare - (o suprafetelor de productie) floor plan ~ de ansamblu - general plan/outline; {de amplasamenf) site plan ~ de beneficii al salariatilor - (fJarticipare la profit, pensii, asigiirdri de sdndtate etc.) employee benefit plan ~ de dezvoltare zonala - planned unit development - de economii - saving/thrift plan ~- de investitii - investment plan, expenditure capital plan ~ de incarcare - (cargoplaii) (mar.) cargo plan, loading/stowage plan

__________________________259

~ de incarcare completa - (a navei) deadweight plan ~ de invatamant - curriculum ~ de livrari - schedule of delivery ~ de marketing - marketing plan ~ de pensii - pension scheme ~ de pensii contributiv - contributory

ceiling/ pension scheme ~ de pensionare - retirement plan ~ de pensionare dupa criteriul inprofesional - occupational pension scheme ~ de personal - staffing schedule ~ de perspective - long-term plan ~ de productie - production/operating/ output plan ~ de reabilitare/refacere - rehabilitation plan ~ de reduceri - (acordate cumpd- rdtorului in functie de termenul de platd in numerar) (corn.) settlement terms ~ de reinvestire a dividendelor - (care permite actionarilor reinvestirea automata a dividendelor primite in actiuni ale societdtii platitoare) dividend reinvestment plan - de stimulare - (in salarizare) inventive scheme ~ de vanzare de actiuni salariatilor - (unei firme) employee share/stock ownership plan ~ personal de investitii - (in titluri de valoare) personal equity plan ~ strategic - strategic plan planifica v.t. to plan; (a programa) to schedule planificare s.f. planning ~ a productiei - production planning ~ a sortimentului de produse - product planning

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260

~ a structurii organizatorice - (man.) organization planning ~ a structurii profesionale - (a perso-nalului unei companii) (man.) career planning ~ bugetara - budgetary planning ~ calendaristica - scheduling ~ centralizata - central planning ~ corporativa - corporate planning ~ economica - economic planning ~ familiala - family planning ~ globala - aggregate planning ~ strategics - strategic planning plantatie s.f. plantation planta s.f. plant ~ furajera - fodder plant '- oleaginoasa - oil plant ~ tehnica/industriala - industrial plant ~ textila - textile plant plasa v.t. (a investi bani) to place, to invest; (a vinde) to sell plasament s.n. (investitie) placement, investment ~ avantajos - eligible investment ~ dezavantajos - sinking ~ direct - (de titluri de valoare, jdrd interventia intermediarilor) direct placement ~ financiar - (cheltuiala de capital efectiiatd in vederea sporirii valorii acestuia prin diverse forme de investitie) financial placement ~ pe termen lung - long-term/-dated investment ~ pe termen scurt - short-term/'-dated investment ~ privat - (emisiuni de obligatiuni care nil fac obiectui unei subscriptii piiblice) private placement plasare s.f. placement; (vdnzare) selling, sale

~ de actiuni lipsite de valoare - (bur.» sharehawking, sharepushing plastografia v. t. to forge plastografie s.f. forgei-y plata s.f. payment, pay, disbursement; (a imei datorii) discharge, settlement-(achitare/acoperire a cheltuieHlori defrayal, defrayment ~ a concediului - vacation pay ~ a concediului medical - sick pay ~ a contrastaliilor - (mar.) demurrage ~ a impozitelor sou a taxelor -ratepaying ~ a salariilor in natura - truck system ~ a soldului - paynient of balance ~ anticipata - advance payment-payment in advance ~ contra documente - paymeni against documents ~ contra ramburs - payment forward ~ contramandata - payment countermanded ~ cu ora sau cu ziua - time wages ~ dupa livrare - payment after delivery ~ efectuata - outward payment ~ excesiva - overpayment ~ fractionata - payment in driblets ~ graduala a ipotecii - mortgage graduated payment ~ imediata in numerar - spot cash ~ integrala - full payment, payment in full ~ in acord pe iard de inaintare - [in mina) yardage ~ in alimente - (a muncitorilor^ tommy ~ in avans - advance paymeni. (iirmata de rate) down payment ~ in functie de productia realizata -payment by results

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PLA-PLA__________________

~ in natura - payment in kind ~ in numerar - payment in cash; (formula pe un cec) pay cash ~ in numerar inainte de livrare - cash before delivery ~ in numerar la comanda - cash with order -- in numerar la livrare - cash on delivery ~ ill numerar la prezentarea documentelor - cash against documents ~ in rate - payment by instalments; {SUA) time pa^Tnent - la livrare - delivery on payment - la tennenu.l cuvenit - payment in due course - majora - (rata substantiald facutain contid unui miprumut} balloon payment ~ neagra - (catre un lucrdtor angajat fard contract de munca) black payment. ~ partiala - pan/parti a) payment, payment in part; (a unei datorii) payment on account - pentru antrepozitare - warehousing ~ pentru cointeresare/stimulare -(acordata conducerii unei societdti) enabling/goodwii] payment - pentru depozitarea in pivnite - cellarage ~ pentru folosirea macaralelor - cranage ~ pentm munca dificila - dirty money/pay - pentru onoare/sub protest - (a unei cambii) payment for honour/'.? upra protest ~ pentru ore suplimentare - overtime payment

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~ pentru stivuire - (mar.) stevedorage, stowage ~ pentru transportui feroviar - railage ~ prin virament - payment by transfer, cashless payment ~ progresiva - progress payment ~ restanta - overdue/outstanding payment, payment in arrear - saptamanala - weekly payment ~ simbolica - (a unei mid parti dintr-o datorie pentru a demonstra ca dehi-torul recuuoafte ,J7 se angajeazd sd-fi plateascd datonile} token payment ~ suplimentara - additional/extra pay - trimestriala - quarterage ~ ulterioara - subsequent payment plati de transfer - (pensii, ajutoare de f,omaj etc.) transfer payments - externe - external payments ~ internationale - international payments ~ periodice - periodical payments ~ preferentiale - (efectuate din averea unuifalif) (dr.) preferential payments ~ primite - payments received platforma s.f. platform ~ de antrepozitare - warehouse storage area ~ de foraj - drilling rig ~ de foraj marin - offshore drilling rig placuta s.f. plate placuta fabricii constructoare - maker's name plate plati v.i. to pay; to disburse, to defray; (o datorie) to settle, to discharge, to clear, to liquidate, to make up; (un onorariu) to fee; v.;. to pay ~ anticipat - to pay in advance, to prepay ~ cotizatii - (regulaf) to pay in

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PLA-POL 262

~ daune/despagubiri - to pay damages ~ integral - to pay in full, to pay off ~ in cont curent - to pay in ~ in contui datoriei - to pay on account ~ in natura - to pay in kind; (salarii) to tmck ~ in numerar - to pay(in) cash, to pay/to put down, to cash ~ in rate - to pay by instalments ~ in rate mici - to pay out ~ la livrare - to pay on delivery ~ la timp - to pay up ~ peste - (tarif, valoare} to overpay ~ prin cec - to pay by cheque ~ sub - (tarif, valoare) to underpay platibil adj. payable; (la cerere) callable ~ cu anticipate - payable in advance ~ in numerar fara reducere - payable net cash ~ in rate - payable by instalments ~ la cerere - payable on demand ~ la livrare - payable on delivery ~ la ordin - payable to order ~ la prezentare - payable on presentation ~ la purtator - payable to bearer ~ la scadenta - payable at maturity ~ la vedere - payable at sight ~ prin andosare - payable as per endorsement platit adj. paid ~ anticipat - prepaid ~ in numerar si transportat de cumparator - (corn.) cash-and-carry platitor s.m. payer pledoarie s.f. (dr.) plea, pleading plenar adj. (despre sedinte, adundri) plenary

plenipotentiar adj. plenipotentiary pliant s.n. prospectus; folder plic s.n. envelope ~ cu fereastra - window envelope ~ cu salariul - (in numerar, incluzdnd si fisa de calcul a acestuia) paypacket plin adj. full ~ si la marca - (despre o na\a incdrcata) full and down plugar^.m. ploughman plus^./i. addition, extra; surplus ~ de casa - surplus in the cash plusuri si minusuri de casa - cash shorts and overs plusvaloare s.f. surplus value ~ absoluta - absolute surplus value ~ relativa - relative surplus value plutocratic s.f. plutocracy poanson s.n. stamp ~ de titlu - (pentru metale pretioase hallmark podgorean s.m. winegrower. viniculturist; vintner podgorie s.f. vineyard politica s.f. policy; (ca sistem) politics politica liberului schimb - free-trade policy ~ pietei deschise - (totalitatea tranzac- tiilor efectuate de banca central. pentru a actiona asupra masei mor.c- tare si a stabiliza nivelul ratei dobd'.- zilor) open-market policy ~ usilor deschise - (politica care pc"- mite strdinilor sd desfdsoare acti\i:^ economicc sau sd emigreze intr-o (:':-- mitd tara) open-door policy politica a cererii - demand policy ~ a nivelului de trai - standard of iii^ policy ~ a ocuparii - (care urmdreste mer^- nerea si cresterea gradului de ocup^s

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POL-PRO 263 a populatiei active prin asigurarea locurilor de munca) employment policy ~ a ofertei - supply-side policy ~ agresiva de vanzari - aggressive sales policy ~ agricola - agricultural policy ~ antiinflationista - anti-inflation policy ~ antitrust - antitrust policy - bugetara - budgetary policy ~ comerciala - trade policy ~ concurentiala - (impusa de guvern pentru a combatc monopolwile) competition policy - de austeritate - austerity policy ~ de creditare a bancii - bank lending policy -" de credite cu dobanzi ridicate - dear money policy ~ de dividende - dividend policy ~ de expectativa - (politico comerciala) wait-and-see policy - de marketing - marketing policy - de mediu - environmental policy ~ de personal - (a unei firme) personnel policy ~ de plasament/investitii - investment policy -- de preturi - pricing policy ~ de relansare - (economica) expansion policy ~ de relansare prin credit - expansion-credit policy ~ de relansare prin oferta - supply- -expansion policy ~ de restrictii bugetare - policy of retrenchment ~ de stabilizare - stabilization policy - de venituri - income policy

~ deflationists - policy of deflation, disinflationary policy ~ economica - economic policy; (specified unei anumite administratii) (SUA) deal ~ externa - foreign policy ~ fiscala - fiscal policy ~ industrials - industrial policy ~ inflationista - policy of inflation, inflationary policy ~ interna - internal/home policy ~ monetara - monetary policy ~ salariala — wage policy ~ tarifara/vamala - tariff policy polita s.f. 1. (cambie) bill of exchange 2. {de asigurare} policy ~ de asigurare - insurance policy, policy of insurance ~ de asigurare a bagajelor - baggage policy ~ de asigurare a banilor in tranzit - (pentru sumele transportate intre banci) cash-in-transit policy ~ de asigurare a caricului - cargo insurance policy ~ de asigurare a locuintei - household policy ~ de asigurare a navei - vessel policy ~ de asigurare a navei in constructie - builder's/construction policy ~ de asigurare a titlului de proprietate - (realizatd de cumpd- rdtorul unui bun imobiliar impotriva unei eventuale contestdri in justitie, cdnd vdnzdtorul nu poate dovedi te- meinic titlul de proprietate) (defective) title policy ~ de asigurare casco - hull policy ~ de asigurare colectiva - collective policy

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264 PLO-POM ~ de asigurare de calatorie - (asigurare medicald, impotriva furtului etc.) traveller's policy ~ de asigurare de viata - life (insurance) policy ~ de asigurare de viata conditionata de profitui actiunilor comune - (pe piata bursiera) equity-linked policy ~ de asigurare de viata fara beneficii suplimentare - without-profits policy ~ de asigurare deschisa - open policy/cover ~ de asigurare evaluata - {care specified valoarea interesuhii asigurat) (asig. mar.) valued policy ~ de asigurare flotanta - (in asigurdrile maritime si de incendiu) floating policy, floater ~ de asigurare generala - general/comprehensive insurance policy, running policy ~ de asigurare impotriva incendiilor - fire insurance policy ~ de asigurare impotriva intreruperii afacerii - (cauzatd de tin accident major) business interruption policy, consequential loss policy ~ de asigurare impotriva pierderii profitului — (prin inchiderea unei afaceri) loss-of-profits policy; (SUA) use and occupancy policy ~ de asigurare impotriva tuturor riscurilor - all-risks policy ~ de asigurare in bloc- (pentru diferite riscuri) blanket (insurance) policy; (pentru mai multe voiaje) (asig. mar.) block policy ~ de asigurare limitata - (care asigurd numai anumite riscuri) limited policy

~ de asigurare maritima - marine insurance policy, underwriter's policy ~ de asigurare mixta - mixed policy ~ de asigurare neevaluata - (care r.u specified valoarea interesului asignran unvalued policy ~ de asigurare nenominalizata - {:r. care primele sunt revizuite periodic ir. functie de modi/lean Ie intervenite ir. riscurile acoperite) declaration policy ~ de asigurare nominala - named policy ~ de asigurare pe termen - time policy ~ de asigurare pe voiaj - (asig. mar. voyage policy ~ de asigurare pentru cheltuielile medicale - medical expenses policy ~ de asigurare pentru raspunderea patronilor - (in caz de accidente de mimed) employers' liability policy ~ de asigurare suplimentara - supplementary policy ~ de asigurare-tip - standard policy ~ de onoare/fara obiect asigurat - (asig. mar.) honour/wager/gaming policy, policy proof of interest ~ de reasigurare - reinsurance policy. policy of reinsurance ~ mixta - (garantata de eel putin dona societdti de asigurare) composite policy polua v.t. to pollute poluare s.f. pollution ~ a apei - water pollution ~ cronica - (repetatd si de hingi.'. duratd) chronic pollution ~ fluviala - river pollution ~ marina - marine pollution pomana s.f. alms, charity; handout pomicol adj. fruit-growing

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PLO-POM POM-POR 265 pomicultor s.rn. fruit grower/farmer, orchardist pomicultura s.f. fruit growing/farming pompa s.f. 1. pump 2. pomp, ceremony pompe funebre - undertaking, funeral furnishers pont s.n. (in forma fie confidentiala la bursd, cursele de cai etc.) tip, hint, cue ponta v.t. to clock, to book; (marfuri) to tally v.i. to tally; to check in ~ la plecare - (un salariat) to book off/out ~ la sosire - (tin salariat} to book in pontaj s.n. clocking, booking; (de marfuri) tally, tallying ~ defectuos - faulty tallying ~ la descarcare - tally of discharge ~ la incarcare - tally of loading pontator s.m. (de prezenta) time clerk/keeper; (de marfuri) tally clerk/keeper, tallyman popas s.n. (ban) inn popri v.t. to distrain, to sequestrate ~ bunuri pe cale judiciara - to distrain upon goods poprire s.f. garnishment, sequestration populatie s.f. population ~ activa - active population ~ activa disponibila - potentially economical active population ~ flotanta - floating population ~ ocupata - employed/working/ occupied population ~ stabila/fixa - resident population ~ totala - total population port s.n. harbour, port ~ aglomerat - congested port ~ artificial - artificial/floating harbour ~ comercial - commercial/trading/ mercantile port ~ continental - continental port

~ cu maree - (mchis la mareea joasa) tidal port/harbour ~ cu punct vamal - equipped port ~ cu rafinarie - refinery port ~ cu santier naval - shipbuilding port ~ de andocare - dock harbour/port ~ de buncherare - bunkering/fueling port ~ de canal - canal harbour/port ~ de descarcare - discharging port ~ de destinatie - destination port ~ de domiciliu/atas/inregistrare - home/registration port ~ de escala - port of call ~ de expediere - (a mdrfurilor) dispatching/forwarding station ~ de import - port of entry ~ de incarcare - lading/loading/ shipping port ~ de lacuri - lake port ~ de livrare - port of delivery ~ de marfuri - cargo port ~ de minereu - ore harbour ~ de operatii directe din vagoane - (fara depozitarea mar/if in port) rail port ~ de pasageri - passenger terminal ~ de plecare - port of departure, sailing port ~ de refugiu - port of distress/ necessity/refage ~ de sosire - port of arrival/entry ~ de transbordare - transshipment port ~ de tranzit - transit port ~ deschis - open harbour/port; (in baza tinui acord comercial) treaty port ~ destinat navelor retinute pentru contrabanda - port ofadjudication ~ exterior - outer harbour/port

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~ fara vama si antrepozite vamale - unequipped port ~ fluvial - river harbour/port ~ nuvio-maritim - river-maritime port ~ industrial - industrial port ~ interior - inland/inner port ~ liber - foreign (trade) zone ~ maritim - maritime port, sea harbour/port ~ pescaresc - fishing/fishery harbour ~ petrolier - oil harbour/port ~ sezonier - seasonal port - sigur -- (din punctui de ve.dere al operam} safe port ~ terminus - terminal port ~- vamal - port of entry portabilitate s.f. (carac eristica a planurilor de pensii care pennite participantilor sa-^i schimbe locul de mnnca, fara a schimba sn^sa de undo iff. vor pfinn beneficiile) portability portofe! s.n. (pentru bancnote, carti de credit etc.} wallet portofoliu s.n. (fin.) portfolio "- agresiv - (actiuni pdstrate in speranta cresterii valorii kr pentru specularea iilterioara) aggressive portfolio - de active - asset portfolio ~ de comenzi neonorate - backlog/ stock of orders - de investitii - investment portfolio ~ de piata - (portofoliul tuturor oportunitdtilor disponibile de investitii) market portfolio ~ de riscuri - risk portfolio ~ eficient - (de pe frontiera eficientei) (fin.) efficient portfolio porto-franco s.n. free port/zone portuar adj. port..., harbour...

porumb s.m. maize, Indian (SUA) corn ~ in vrae - bulk maize poseda v.t. to possess, to QW! define) to hold posesie .s-./.' possession. O\\"GC tenure; (delmere) hokling --' de fapt - actual possession ~ incorporala - (propiictciie .1 umu drept legal} IIKOT] possession ~ intermediara - mediate posse<?» ~ m virtrtea dreptului priM ocupant - occupancy "- Eegirinia - lawful possession - pe termen nelim'tat - perpetu.n' - precara - precarious tenure - temporara — (inchiriere, arer,c occupancy a da m ~ - to give possession of a lua in ~ - to take possession of a pune pe cineva in ~ - to property in smb.; (ca most eni tor e'.c »1 institute a intra in posesia - to enter upof- come/to enter into possession of a reintra/a repune in ~ - to possession of, to repossess posesor s.m. possessor, owaaKS| (detinator) holder '1~ al unei carti de credit - cardholder posibilitate s.f. 1. possibility 2 M; (mijioace) means; (resurse) resourca? ; ~ de revocare - (care li penw" emitentului sd-si rasciimpere ?K/'yntf'i de valoare, la un pret speci^-cait.. j inainte de maturitate) call fefians. callability ~ de schimb - exchangeability post s.n. post, place, appointrr. (shijba)]ob

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POS-PRA 267 ~ cu norma intreaga - full-time job ~ cu norma partiala - part-time job ~ liber/vacant - vacant post/job, vacancy ~ liber temporar - casual vacancy posturi tranzitorii - (cont.) accruals postdata v.t. to postdate, to backdate, to date forward poster s. n. poster post-restant s.n. paste restante; (SUA) (care ot) general delivery postal adj. postal, post... po§ta s.f. post, mail; (corespondentd) mail; (oficiu) post office ~ aeriana - air mail ~ electronica - electronic mail ~ interna - inland mail ~ rapida - express mail potential adj., s.n. potential ~ al pietei - market potential ~ de productie - productive potential ~ de vanzare - sales potential ~ de viitor - prospective potential ~ economic - economic potential povara s.f. burden, load; (greutate) weight ~ a datoriei - debt burden ~ a impozitelor - pressure of taxation pozitie s.f. 1. position 2. (ampla-sament) situation, site 3. (sociala) standing, status, condition 4. [stare, sold al limit cont; in cadrid iinm portofoliu de titluri, numdru! de titluri ale aceleiasi societati; m cadrul operatiunilor de schimb sau de bursd, or din de cumparare sau vanzare m curs de execulie) position ~ creditoare - (cont.) creditor position ~ descoperita - (ydnzare fdrd aco-perire) (bur.) short position/ covering

~ pe piata - (a unei societati) share of market ~ sintetica — (obtinutd prin tranzac-tionarea optiunilor, cat si a instru-mentelor care stall la baza acestora) (bur.) synthetic position ~ sociala - social standing, status, condition ~ tehnica - (referitor la situatia pe piatd a unor actiuni) {bur.) technical position practic adj. \. practical; (folositor, util) useful; (aplicat) applied 2. (despre o persoana) practical (-minded), matter--of-fact; (priceput) experienced, skilled practica v.t. to practise; to put into practice; (afolosi) to use, to employ ~ o profesie - to practise a profession practicant s.m. probationer; (stagiar) improver practica s.f. practice; (uzantd) practice, usage, use; (metoda) practice, method ~ comerciala - commercialism, trade practice ~ de navigatie - navigational/sailing practice ~ in productie - plant practice practici comerciale neloiale - unfair trade practices ~ comerciale restrictive — (actiuni ale societdtilor private sau de stat care practica o concurentd restrictivd neloiald) restrictive business/trade practices prags.n. threshold ~ de rentabilitate - (situatie in care incasdrile sunt egale cu costiirile, iar profitui este mil) breakeven (point) ~ de rentabilitate a numerarului -(prag de rentabilitate obtinut cdnd se scad elementele nemonetare - cele care

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nu reprezintd iefire de immerar - din costurile fixe) (fin.) cash breakeven point - de saracie - poverty level/line/ threshold ~ de trecere de la un post de specialitate la uq post de conducere - (mail.) management threshold ~ diferential - (pragul reactiei c'dmpardwului la stf/nuienti) differential threshold a atinge pragul de rents bilitate - to break even prajiisa s.f. 1. (imitate de mdsrrd pentru lungmie) perch, pole- 2. (inHate de masurd pentru lungime f! suprafata) ro(o)d prealabil adj. previous, preceding preambala v.t. to prepack preaviz .';./;. (previous) notice, warning ~ de concediere - warning for discharge ~ de o saptamana - a week's notice a da im ~ - to give notice precapitalist adj. precapitalistic precedent adj. previous, prior precontract s. n. precontract preda v.t. to hand over, to deliver; (a remite) to consign; (a incredinta) to commit, to entrust with predare s.f. handing over, delivery; (remitere) consignment; (incredintare) commitment, entrusting with ~ altei nave - (prin transbordare) delivery overside ~ conform uzului - customary delivery ~ de la bord - (mar.) outboard delivery ~ de-a lungul navei/sub palanc/sotto palanco - (mar.) alongside delivery

~ definitiva/reala - actual delivery ~ eronata/gresita - misdelivery ~- exacta - right and true deliver). ~ franco -- free delivery ~ imediata - prompt delivery ~ in minus - (fata de documenreie it' transport) .short delivery '- Tntarziata - o'verdue delivery ~ la bordu! navei - (mar.) delivery •~v. board - necorespunzatoare " (a actiiinilc-^ (inir.) bad dciive"/ ~ pestt" bord 1- (mar.) o^.'ers-A delive"y, discharging overside ~ priii t'ransbordare - deiive.-y '•"' tran.'sfer ~ urgenta - express delivury predat adj. delivered ~ 111 ininus - (fata de documente!^ df trafiSpof •t) .shon- landed predispozitie s.f. predisposino-- propensity ~ strategical - (tendmia unei societal. de a nrma G anwnitd strategic pe baz^ activitdtii trecnte §i a activelor sa!ei strategic predisposition predispus adj. (la) predisposed inclined to ~ la accidente - accident-prone preemptiune s.f. (dr.) preemption prefabrica v.i. to prefabricate prefabricat adj. (din beton) precast s.n. (in constructii} prefabricated part. precast unit preferential adj. preferential, preferred preferinta s.f. preference ~ a consumatorilor - consumer preference ~ frauduloasa - (price platd efecfuata de cdtre un debitor, in infervalul de trei him la sfdryitui caruia e declarat falit.

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PRE-PRE 269 catre uiml dintre creditori in detrimental celorlaiti} {dr.) fraudulent preference ~ pentru lichiditati - [dorinia de a define bani licliizi} liquidity preference preferinte economice ale intreprinza-torului - entrepreneur's economic preferences pregatire s.f training ~ de tehnica protectiei muncii -safety education ~ m cadrui intreprinderii - training within industry, m-house training '- in grup - group training - la locul de munca -job training ~ teoretica - desk training prejudicia v.t. to prejudice, to be prejudicial/detrimental to; (a lezd) to injure prejudiciu s.n. prejudice, detriment, disadvantage; (pagiibd} damage, loss; (moral} injury a cauza un ~ - to do a prejudice/an injury preleva v.t. (mostre) to sample, to take samples prelevare s.f. (de mostre) sampling ~ aleatorie de mostre - random sampling ~ de mostre in trepte - multistage sampling ~ de mostre pe grupuri - cluster sampling ~ de mostre reprezentative - representative sampling prelua v.t. (afaceri, datorii etc.} to take over ~ ilegal un teren - to jump a claim ~ o afacere/firma - to succed to a business ~ o functie - to take an office

~ un rise - to assume/to take a risk preluare s.f. (de afaceri, datorii etc.} takeover; (absorbtie, preluare a unei societdti de catre o aha mat mare} absorption, combination ~ a controlului asupra unei societati - (prm acumularea treptatd a actiunilor de la midi actionari} (bur.} warehousing ~ ferma - (forma de plasament prin care o bancd sail un grup de band preia, la un anumit pret, totalitatea unui imprumut si oferd titlurile prin siibscriptie publicd pe riscul sdu) firm/direct underwriting; (a actiunilor i-mise) taking firm ~ inversa — (cumpdrarea unei societal! anonime de catre una cu rdspundere limitatd sail a unei societdti man de catre una mai mica) (bur.} reverse/ inverted takeover ~ lenta/treptata a controlului - (asupra unei societdti} creeping control/takeover ~ ostila - (achizitionarea printr-o ofertd pe care conducerea societdtii vizate o respinge} hostile takeover prelucra v.t. to process; to work; (mecanic} to machine; (a uzind) to tool prelucrare s.f. processing; (mecanica) machining; (uzinare) tooling ~ automata a datelor - automatic data processing ~ integrata a datelor - integrated data processing prelungi v.t. (un termen} to prolong; (dr.} to continue; (viza, valabilitatea} to extend; (a reinnoi} to renew; (a amdna} to delay prelungire s.f. (a unui termen) prolongation; (dr.} continuation; (a

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vizei, a valabiUtdtii) extension; (reinnoire) renewal; (amdnare) delay ~ a unei cambii - renewal of a bill of exchange ~ a unui credit - extension of a credit premia v.t. to award a prize to; (a rdspldti, a recompensa) to reward; (la salariii un functionar etc.) to give/to award a bonus to premiu s.n. prize; (distinctie, titlu etc.) award; (rasplatd, recompensa) reward; (la salariu) premium, bonus, bounty presa v.t. (a indemna, a zori) to urge; (cerdnd bani) to dun prescriptie s.f. 1. direction, regulation; specification 2. (dr.) prescription ~ achizitiva/pozitiva - {mod de dobdndire a proprietdtii prin posesia mdelungatd a unui bun) (dr.) aquisitive/positive prescription ~ extinctiva - (dr.) limitation of actions ~ negativa — (mod de pierdere a proprietdtii prin abandonarea indelungatd a unui bun) (dr.) negative prescription prescriptii de calitate - quality specifications ~ tehnice - technical specifications presiune s.f. 1. pressure 2. (exercitata pentru semnarea unui contract) (dr.) duress ~ a cererii - pressure of demand ~ a speculantilor a la baisse - (bur.) bear run ~ a speculantilor a la hausse - (bur.) bull run ~ a stocurilor de marfuri - inventory pressure ~ fiscala - fiscal pressure ~ inflationists - inflationary pressure prestare s.f. carrying out

prestari de servicii - providing services presedinte s.m. president; (al unei adundri, al unui comitet, al unui consiliu) chairman ~ al consiliului de administrate - chairman of the board (of directors/ board chairman presedintie s.f. presidency; chairmanship pretentie s.f. claim, demand; (nelegald, nefondatd) exaction ~ de despagubire - claim for damage ~ nefondata - bad claim ~ rezonabila - fair claim pretinde v.t. to claim; (a cere) to require ~ despagubiri - to claim damages pret s.n. price; (cost) cost; (cheltuiald) charge; (tarif) rate ~ ajustabil - sliding scale price ~ al biletului dus-intors - return fare ~ al bileti'lui simplu/de dus - single fare ~ al marfii la descarcare - (mar.) landed price ~ al navlului - charter money/rate, freight rate ~ al pietei - market price ~ al zilei - day's price ~ atractiv - charm price ~ brut - gross price ~ brut al marfii ~ gross value ~ ce include taxele vamale - duty-paid price ~ cerut - price asked, demand price; (pret la care un dealer va vinde acthmile pe care Ie define) ask (price) ~ competitiv - competitive price ~ contractual - contract price ~ convenabil - fair/reasonable price

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PRE-PRE - convenit/stabilit - agreed price ~ cu amanuntui - retail price ~- cu amanuntui recomandat - (de producdtor) recommended retail price ~ cu plata in numerar - cash price ~ cu reducere/rabat - discount price ~ cu ridicata - wholesale price ~ curent - current/going/ruling/ regular/standard price ~ de baza - basis price ~ de catalog - catalogue/list price ~ de conversie - (.pretui efectiv platit pentru actiiinile comune atunci cdnd sunt obtinnte prin conversia actiunilor preferentiale sail a obligatiunilor convertibile) conversion price ~ de cost - cost price, net cost ~ de cost antecalculat - precalculated cost price ~ de cost brut - gross cost ~ de cost contabil - book/accounting cost ~ de cost efectiv - actual/real cost ~ de cost integral - (care include costiil de productie si profitui produ- cdtorului) full-cost price ~ de cost pe unitate/unitar - unit cost ~ de cost pe unitate de marfa - single cost ~ de cost total - total cost ~ de cost uniform - flat cost ~ de cumparare - purchase price ~ de dumping - dumping price "- de echilibru - equilibrium price '- de emisiune ~ {a titluriior) issue price - de exercitiu - (cursul la care cumpd-rdtorul unei optiuni de cumparare sail vdnzare poate dobdndi sail ceda activul in cauza) (bur.) exercise/strike price ~ de export - export price

~ de fabrica - factory/prime/ first cost ~ de inventar - stocktaking price ~ de livrare - (care include toate cheltuielile de transport pdnd la punctui de livrare'} delivered price ~ de monopol - monopoly price ~ de oferta - supply price; (pretui la care sunt vdndute publiculiii actiunile comune) (bur.) offering price ~ de producator - manufacturer's price - de rascumparare - (a titluriior de valoare) redemption/repurchase price ~ de regie - force account rate - de revocare - (a titluriior de valoare, la un pret specificat, inainte de maturitate) call price ~ de sacrificiu/sub pretui de cost -sacrifice price ~ de sold - sale/bargain price ~ de subscriptie - subscription price ~ de soc/reclama - knockdown price ~ de vanzare/desfacere - selling price ~ derizoriu - knockout price ~ efectiv - (de tranzactionare a actiunilor) (bur.) actual price ~ exorbitant - racking/unreasonable price ~ facturat - invoice price

fix/stabil - ferm/fixed/stable/ standing/strong/constant/set price ~ general/unic - blanket/flat price ~ global/forfetar - overall cost, lump sum price - hedonic - (pretui implicit/evaluativ al fiecdrei caracteristici functionate a mdrfii) hedonic price ~ impus - administered price ~ informativ - informative price

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~ initial/de strigare - (la Ucitatie) starting/reserve price; (SUA) upset price ~ integral - full price ~ intern/de transfer - (fohsit in schimburile dintre sectoarele/diviziile unei companu multinationale etc.) transfer price ~ in antrepozitele vamale - (inainte de vamuire) in-bond price ~ in care sunt cuprinse toate serviciile - inclusive terms ~ in crestere - rising price ~ incarcat/exagerat - loaded price ~ la deschidere - {bur.) opening price ~ la incarcarea in vagoane - price on rail ~ la tnchidere - (bur.) closing price ~ la nivelul pragului de rentabilitate - breakeven price ~ la termen - forward price ~ liber/nefixat - open price ~ liber de piata - free market price ~ -limita/-prag - (pret minim) threshold price ~ marcat/afisat - marked price ~ mare/ridicat - high price ~ maximal - (stabilit de guvern, permis de o lege) maximum price ~ mediu - average/mean price ~ minimal - floor price; (stabilit de guvern) minimum price ~ neoficial - (dupd inchiderea bursei) after-hours price; (la bursa neoficiald) kerb/street price ~ net - net price ~ nominal - nominal price ~ oferit - (la Ucitatie) bid (price), bidding; (pret pe care un dealer il va plati pentrii o actiune) bid (price)

~ pentru vanzarea in rate - hire- -purchase price ~ - plafon - ceiling price ~ prohibitiv/inaccesibil - prohibitive price ~ putin scazut - (pentru a atrage cumpdrdtori) shade price ~ recomandat de producator - manufacturer's recommended price ~ redus - (drastic) cut price ~ redus in cazul platii in numerar - price subject to a cash discount ~ scazut - low price ~ special - special price ~ spot/pentru livrarea imediata - spot price ~ strans — (cdnd intre pretui cerut s: eel oferit este o diferentd mica) (bur.) close price ~ suplimentar - extra price ~ supraevaluat datorita penuriei - scarcity price/value ~ sustinut^ubventionat - support subsidized price ~ tarifar/de referinta - tariff scheduled price, tariff/scale rate ~ - tinta - (pretui fixat periodic de CEE pentru produsele agricole) target price ~ total/care include toate cheltuielile - inclusive price ~ - umbra - (pret utilizat in situatia ii: care nu existd un pret al pietei, cum ar fi cazul tranzactiilor interne ale firmelor man etc.) shadow price ~ unic - flat price ~ unitar - unit price pretui eel mai bun/avantajos - (bur. i best price ~ eel mai scazut - bottom price

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PRE-PRI 273 preturi ale marfurilor in expeditie - (mar.) prices afloat ~ diferentiale - (pentru acelasi produs pe piele diferite) differential/split prices ~ medii pe piata - market averages ~ mondiale - world market prices ~ ridicate/avantajoase pentru vanzator - seller's prices ~ sezoniere - seasonal prices pretui v.t. to value, to valuate, to estimate, to appraise ~ la - to set the price/value at ~ putin - to set a low value on pretuitor s.m. (evahiator) valuer, estimator, rater, appraiser prevedea v.t. 1. to foresee, to forecast 2. (a stipula) to stipulate, to provide; (prin. contract) to covenant; (cu fonduri) to furnish; {in bugef) to budget previziune s.f. (prognozd) forecast; (a cursului actiunilor) (bur.) outlook prezenta v.t. to present: (a oferi) to offer; (a da) to give; (a expune) to exhibit, to display; dm raporf) to make; (explicatii, referinte. probe etc.) to furnish; (pentru acceptare) to hand in ~ incorect/inexact - (date) to misrepresent ~ o oferta de furnizare de marfuri - to tender for a supply of goods ~ scrisori de acreditare - to deliver credentials ~ un cec spre incasare - to present a cheque for payment ~ un plan spre aprobare - to submit a plan for approval prezentare s.f. presentation; (oferta) offer; (oferta pentru furn izarea de marfuri, servicii) tender; (expiiiiere) exhibition, display

~ a sarcinilor si a cerintelor - (speci-fice unui post) (man.) job specification ~ de produse sau servicii noi - (retelei de distributie inainte de lan- surea pe piata) selling in ~ -reclama - (a unei carfi fdcutd pe coperta acesteia) blurb prezida v.t. to preside at/over, to chair v.i. to be in/to take the chair prezumat adj. (estimaf) constructive prezumptiv adj. presumptive prezumptie s.f. (dr.) presumption ~ absoluta - conclusive/irrefutable presumption ~ de fapt - presumption of fact ~ legala - presumption of law prim num., adj. first prima adunare generala a actio- narilor - statutory meeting ~ ipoteca - first mortgage ~ prima - (asig.) first premium ~ solicitare — (prima trarisd pentru achitarea unui packet de actiiini) (bur.) first call primul esalon de conducere - (ime- diat superior salariatilor obisnuiti) first-line management ~ exemplar - (al unei cambii) first of exchange ~ intrat, primul iesit - (metoda de control al stocurilor care presupune cd mdrfurile cumpdrate mai deinult vor fi utilizate prioritar in procesul de productie) (cent.) first in, first out - semestru - (bur., cont.) first-half year ~ sosit, primul operat - (navele sunt operate in ordinea. sosirii) (mar.) first come, first served prima s.f. premium; (gratificaiie, boni- ficatie) bonus, gratuity; (subventie

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guvernamentala acordald agriculturii, unor sectoare industriale, pentru susti-nerea exporturilor) bounty ~ compusa - (in asigurdrile de viatd) compound bonus ~ de actiune - (diferenta dintre pretui actiunii si valoarea sa nominala) share premium ~ de asigurare - insurance premium ~ de celeritate - dispatch money ~ de eficienta - efficiency bonus ~ de emisiune a actiunilor - premium on an issue/on shares ~ de export - export bounty ~ de inllatie — (primd pentru inflatia aiiticipatd sail estimatd pe care investi-torii o adund la rata purd a rentabilitdtii) inflation/inflationary premium ~ de inflatie la rata dobanzii -interest rate inflationary premium ~ de munca in conditii de praf (la descdrcarea cerealelor, a cimentului etc.) dust allowance ~ de negociabilitate/lichiditate -(primd addugatd de investitori la rata dobanzii umii titlu de valoare pentru a compensa lipsa unei piete de tranzac-tionare a acestuia) (fin.) marketability premium ~ de optiune - (platitd de cumpd-rdtorul unei optiuni de cumpdrare) option premium ~ de pavilion - (mar.) flag share ~ de productivitate ~ productivity bonus ~ de productie - production bonus ~ de rascumparare - redemption premium ~ de reinnoire - (a conlractuliii de asigurare pentru un an) renewal premium

~ de revocare - (sumd peste valoarec nominala care trebuie pidtitd de o societate cdnd revocd o emisiune iie titluri de valoare) call premium ~ de rise - (diferenta dintre raid necesard a rentabilitdtii unui actn riscant dat ^i rata rentabilitdtii unu: activ lipsit de rise cu aceeasi viald estimatd) (fin.) risk premium ~ de rise de piata - (fin) market risk premium ~ de stimulare - premium pay. incentive premium ~ directa/pentru optiune de cumpa- rare - (bur.) premium for the call ~ esalonata - (as ig.) deferred premium ~ globala - (asig.) gross premium ~ integrals ~ (asig.) full premium ~ inversa/pentru optiune de vanzare - (bur.) premium for the put ~ in actiuni - share bonus ~ in numerar - cash bonus ~ necastigata - (restituitd asiguratuliii de societatea de asigurdri cdnd pro- prietatea acestuia nu afost amenintatd de rise) unearned premium ~ oferita contra expedierii unui bon - (care dovedeste achizitionarea unor produse) mail-in-premium ~ pentru economisirea timpului de munca - time-saving bonus ~ pentru marirea productiei - (acordatd muncitorilor) acceleration premium ~ pentru neridicarea vreunei pretentii de plata - (de cdtre titidarul unei polite de asigurare auto) no-claim bonus ~ supliinentara - (asig.) additional, extra/loaded premium, surcharge primarie s.f. town/city hall

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PR1-PRO 275 primi v.t. to receive, to get; to accept primire s.f. reception, receiving, receipt ~ in cont - receipt on account principal adj. principal, main, chief, leading principiu s.n. principle principiul exceptiei - {management prin eliminare, retinerea aspectelor critice in detrimental celor neesentiale de catre manager) exception principle ~ posibilitatilor de plata - (impozite proportionale cu veniturile) ability-to- -pay principle prioritate s.f. priority ~ a ofertei - first refusal ~ la descarcare - unloading priority priva v.t. \. (de) to deprieve (of) 2. (de un drept/o capacitate legala) (dr.) to incapacitate ~ de dreptui de achitare a unei ipoteci - (prin depdsirea termenului de scadenta) {dr.) to foreclose ~ de dreptui de folosinta - {dr.) to foreclose privare s.f. 1. deprivation 2. (de un drept, o capacitate legala) (dr.') incapacitation; foreclosure privat adj. private; personal privatiza v.t. to privatize privatizare s.f. privatization ~ a unei societati prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de actiuni de catre conducerea existenta - management buy-out ~ a unei societati prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de actiuni de catre o cchipa manageriala din afara ei - management buy-in privilegiat adj. (despre creditori ale caror creante sunt rambursate

prioritar in caz de faliment) privileged, preferential, preferred privilegiu s.n. \. privilege; preference, preferential/preferred claim 2. (acordat de regind sail de parlament pentru wfiintarea unei societati, a unei firme etc.) charter ~ de conversie - (dreptui unui individ, asigurat in grup, so. mcheie o asigurare individtiald cdnd asigurarea colectivd expird) (asig.) conversion privilege ~ de emisiune - issue power ~ de plata anticipate - (a unei datorii mainte de scadenta) prepayment privilege ~ de reinnoire a termenului de asigurare - renewal privilege of term insurance ~ de revocare — (clauzd in corporatd intr-o obligatiune sail actiune prefe- rentiald care ii da emitentului dreptui de a revoca titlul de valoare la un pret specificat) call privilege ~ in caz de faliment - (stabilirea preferentiald a ordinii creditorilor repartizati in diverse clase) preferential/preferred claim under bankruptcy prost adj. bad proasta administrare/conducere - maladministration proba s.f. 1. proof, test; (incercare) trial; (a metalelor) assay; (verificare, control) verification, control 2. (mostrd) sample, specimen 3. (dovada) proof, evidence ~ de accept - (a! unei camhii de catre tras) acceptance trial

de anduranta/rezistenta -endurance test ~ de calitate - control test

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276 PRO-PRO ~ de exploatare/functionare - performance test ~ de fezabilitate - feasibility test ~ de lucru - (in indiistria te.xti1.ci) sample of fabric/work ~ de omologare - acceptance test/trial ~ de predare - {a navel} delivery trial - de receptie - qualification/official/ warranty test ~ de receptie-predare - acceptance delivery test ~ la cumparare - purchase trial ~ la scara naturala - field experinient - -martor - check/duplicate sample -~ medie - average sample ~ testimonials - (dr.) proof by witness problema s.f. problem, question; (chesfiiine) matter; (obiect al wiei discutii, al unei con'troversc) issue ~ de fond - substantive issue; fundamental question ~ de reprezentare/mandat (potential conflict de interese mtre actionarii unei finne si conducerea acesteia sail nitre obligator! si actionari) agency problem proceda v.i. to act; (la) to proceed (to), to go on (to) procedeu s.n. procedure, proceeding; method procedura s.f. procedure, proceeding, practice ~ de arbitraj - arbitration procedure ~ de faliment - procedure in bankruptcy ~ judiciara -judicial/legal proceeding ~ judiciara sumara - summary proceeding ~ vamala - procedure of customs procent s.n. percentage, rate (per cent) ~ al impunerii - tax rate

~ de rebuturi - reject rate ~ ridicat - heavy percentage procentaj s.n. percentage proces s.n. 1. process 2. (dr.) action a: law, case; (civil) (law) suit; (penan criminal trial ~ civil - civil case, (law) suit ~ de daune - damage suit ~ de identificare - (a salariatului cu obiectivele mtreprinderii) (mat1.. fusion process - de productie - production process - economic - economic process - industrial - industrial run ~ penal - criminal trial, case ~ tehnologic - operating process, flow - -verbal - (official) report; record a fi in ~ cu cineva - to be at law with smb. a intenta un ~ cuiva - to bring smb. to law, to bring/to enter an action against smb., to institute/to take legal proceedings against smb. procura v.t. to procure, to obtain, to get; (bani) to raise, to obtain, to find procurator s.m. (tnandatar) procurator, proxy procura s.f. procuration, proxy, power of attorney, letter of attorney procuration, warrant/warranty of attorney, trust deed/instrument ~ de administrare - (a averii unei persoane decedate) letters of administration ~ pentru vanzare - trust for sale ~ speciala - special/particular power (of attorney) producator adj. producing, yielding; productive s.m. producer. manufacturer; (de jilrne, spectacole,

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PRO-PRO 277 programe de radio fi televiziune) producer ~ individual - individual producer ~ la costuri marginale - marginal cost producer ~ particular - private producer produce v.t. 1. to produce, to manufacture 2. (profit, dobdndd) to return, to yield; (o recolta} to yield ~ m serie - to mass-produce - pe handa rulanta - to produce on the line "- prea in'iilt fata de - (cerere sent cantitatea pre.'i'azuta} to overproduce - sub - {randament'd normal} to underproduce prodnctiv adj. productive, efficient, gainful; {despre zacammte, tereiwrif pay, payable productivitate s.f. productivity, efficiency - a capitalului - productivity of capital

a capitalului fix - physical productivity ~ a factorilor de productie -productivity of factors of production "- a muncii - productivity of labour, working efficiency ~ globala - (eficienta agregatd a utilizdrii tuturor factorilor de productie la nival de imitate economicd) overall productivity -~ maxima - peak productivity ~ medic - average productivity ~ pe om-ora - output per man-hour ~ pe om-schimb - output per man-shift productie s.f. production, output, outturn; manufacture; {agricola) yield, harvest

~ agricola - agricultural/farm production, harvest ~ artizanala/la domiciliu - cottage production ~ continua - permanent output ~ de calitate superioara - quality production ~ de marfuri - commodity production ~ de serie - standard production, repetitive manufacturing '- efectiva/reala - effective output

rixperimeiitala/-pilot - pilot production - g5obala - gross/aggregate output ~ indirecta - (care foloseste diviziunea Jinmcii) indirect production ~ industriala - industrial outpui/ production

interna - indigenous/home production - in flux/pe banda - flow/line production, belt system of production ~ in flux continuu - continuous flow production ~ in serie/masa - mass/quantity/serial production - in serie mica/discontinua - small- -scale production ~ la hectar - crop capacity, yield production ~ -marfa - market output ~ maxima - maximum/peak/ultimate./ capacity output ~ modulara - modular production ~ medie - average output ~ me§te$ugareasca - handicraft industry ~ neta - net production ~ nominala - rated output ~ orara - hourly output/production

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278 PRO-PRO ~ pe cap de locuitor - per capita output ~ pe loturi - batch production ~ pe om-ora - output per man-hour ~ pe om-schimb - output per man-shift ~ potentials - potential production ~ primara — (a materiilor prime} primary production ~ -record - record output ~ redusa - reduced output ~ saptamanala - weekly output/ production ~ secundara - (f'abricarea de produse finite din materii prime si realizarea de constructii civile) secondary production ~ tertiara - (a serviciilor) tertiaiy production ~ vinicola - (a iinui an) vintage ~ zilnica - daily output/production produs s.n. {artificial sail natural) product; {natural sail agricol) produce; (articol) article; (marfd) commodity; (care se aruncd dupd mtrebuintare, in general una singurd) throwaway ~ agricol - agricultural/farm produce ~ brut - crude product; (nefinisat) raw product ~ cu defect - faulty product ~ cu implicare puternica - (pe care ciimpdrdtonil se hotdrdste cu greu sd-l achizitioneze) high-involvement product ~ cu implicare scazuta - (pe care cumpdrdtorul se hotdrdste iisor sd-l achizitioneze') low-involvement product ~ de substitute - substitution product ~ ecologic - green product ~ farmaceutic - pharmaceutical ~ final - end product ~ finit - final/terminal product

~ inferior - (pentru care cererea scade atunci cdnd scad si preturile) infenor good ~ intern brut - gross domestic producr ~ intern net - net domestic product ~ marginal - (productia suplimentars care se obtine prin folosirea unes unitdti in plus dintr-o resiirsd, celelalie resurse rdmdndnd neschimbate constante) marginal product ~ mondial brut - gross world product ~ national brut - gross national product ~ national net - net national product ~ neperisabil - nonperishable product ~ oferit gratuit - (de firma produ-cdtoare in scop promotional) giveaway ~ patentat - proprietary product ~ perisabil - perishable product ~ principal/de baza - primary product; (al unei tdri) staple ~ petrolier - petroleum product; oil ~ petrolier rafinat - refined oil ~ secundar/auxiliar - by(e)-product ~ sintetic - synthetic product ~ social marginal - marginal social product ~ social total - social total product produse alimentare - food products-foodstuffs ~ chimice - chemicals ~ comercializabile - marketable products ~ cu durata medie de folosinta -semidurables ~ de calitate medie/calitatea a doua-middlings ~ de culoare galbena - (bunuri de consum mai scumpe, care se schimba la intervale mari de timp) yellow goods

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PRO-PRO 279 ~ de culoare maro - (bunuri de consum de folosinta indelungatd care se fabricau initial in carcase de culoare maro — radiouri, ielevizoare etc.') brown goods ~ de culoare portocalie - (bunuri de consum. precum articolele de vesti-mematie, inlocuite in ritm moderat) orange goods ~- de culoare rosie - (bunuri de consu'n, precum cele alimentare, con-sumate yi inlocuite imediat) red goods - de fabricatie interna - home products -'•' de folosinta imediata - consumer nondurables -- de folosinta indelungata •- consumer durables, hard goods - de imica foiosinta - disposable goods, disposables ~ in lucru/curs de fabricatie - (conf.) (SUA) goods in progress ~ iactate - dairy produce

meste^ugaresti - handiworks, handmade goods ~ petroliere albe/curate - (benzine. terebentme, molorina speciala) white products oil, clean/light oils ~ petroliere negre - (titei, pacurd, motorina) black/^irty oils ~ petroliere nepericuloase - (cu temperatura de aprindere sub 65°C) nondangerous oils ~ petroliere periculoase - (CM tempe-ratura de aprindere sub 23 °C) dangerous oils

semifabricate - semifinished/ semimanufactured products

similare/de substitute homogeneous products

~ textile - textile goods; (vdndute ca material) soft goods profesa v.f., v.i. to profess, to practice profesie s.f. profession, vocation, occupation profesional adj. professional, vocational, occupational profesionalism s.n. professionalism profesionist adj., s.m. professional profil s.n. profile ~ al clientelei - customer profile ~ aE concurentei - competitive profile ~ al consumatorilor - consumer profile profit s.n. profit, benefit, gain, return; proceeds, earnings, revenues ~ acumulat/nedistribuit - (actio-narilor cu scopul formarii de fonduri de investitu) retained profit/earnings, unappropriated profit/earnings, undistributed profit/earnings, retentions, earned surplus - admis - (profitui net) admitted profit - atribuibil - (profit care poatefi atri- bitit unui sector sail unui departament dintr-o organizatie) (man.) attributable profit ~ brut - gross profit; (din exploatare) trading profit ~ contabil - book/accounting profit ~ de capital - (obfinut din vdnzarea de fondurifixe) capital profit ~ de monopol - monopoly profit ~ din activitatea curenta ~ business profit

dupa impozitare/impozitat -earnings after taxes, after-tax profit ~ economic - economic profit ~ iluzoriu - illusory profit ~ impozabil - taxable profit, chargeable gain

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280 PRO-PRO ~ inainte de impozitare/neimpozitat - earnings before taxes, before-tax profit ~ legal - legal profit ~ net - net/clear profit ~ normal - normal profit ~ ocazional - casual profit ~ rapid - quick returns ~ scriptic/teoretic - paper profit ~ suplimentar - extra profit a aduce ~ - to bring in profit; to yield a permite/a rezulta 1111 ~ - to leave a profit a trage un ~ din - to drive benefit/ advantage from profita v.i. {de) to profit by, to take advantage of, to trade on/upon profitabil adj. profitable, beneficial, gainful, lucrative, remunerative, moneymaking; advantageous, rewarding

~ flexibil de lucru - flexibile working

profitor adj. profiteering s.m. profiteer prognoza v.t. to forecast prognoza s.f. forecast ~ a fluxului de fonduri - fund flow forecast ~ a profitului - profit forecast ~ a vanzarilor - sales forecast ~ de afaceri - business forecast ~ de trend - trend forecast ~ economics - economic forecast ~ pe termen lung - long-term/-range forecast ~ pe termen scurt - short-term/-range forecast program s.n. program(me); (plan) schedule, plan; (orar) timetable, schedule; (politic) platform ~ al salariatilor - personnel plan ~ de amortizare - (c.ont., fin.) amortization schedule

~ de amortizare a imprumutului - loan amortization schedule ~ de descarcare - discharging schedule ~ de e$alonare a creditului - loan schedule ~ de mcarcare - loading schedule ~ de lucru — (ore de lucru in magazine yi birouri) business hours ~ de lucru cu intreruperi - broken time ~ de ree$alonare a ipotecii - mortgage rewrite programme ~ de subantrepriza - subcontract programme

hours ~ redus de lucru - short-time working, short day a lucra cu ~ redus - to be on short time programa v.t. to program(me); to plan, to schedule progress./?, progress ~ continuu/sustinut - steady progress ~ economic - economic progress ~ tehnic - technical progress progresiv adj. progressive prohibi v.t. to prohibit, to ban prohibitiv adj. prohibitive, prohibitory prohibitie s.f. prohibition proiect s.n. project, design, scheme; (de document) draft ~ de buget - draft budget, estimates

o o J

~ de contract - draft contract ~ de lege - draft law, bill ~ de lege de interes public - public bill ~ de lege financiara - (pentru alocatii bugetare) appropriation/money bill ~ de statut - draft articles

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PRO-PRO 281 - tehnic - technical design proiecta v.t. to project, to design, to plan proiectant s.m. designer, planner, draftsman ~ -sef- chief designer proletar adj., s.m. proletarian proletariat s.n. proletariat proletariza v.t. to proletarianize promoter s.m. promoter promotional adj. promotional promova v.t. 1. (initiative, interese etc.) to promote; (interese) to advance; (intens un produs, o marcd etc.) to boost 2. (in grad, infunctie) to raise promovare s.f. promotion ~ a reactiei directe - (a cumpdrd-torului) direct response promotion ~ a unei marci - brand promotion ~ a vanzarilor - sales promotion ~ prin intermediul unei personalitati - personality promotion promulga v.t. to promulgate, to enact pronosport s.n. football pool/coupons pronunta v.t. (o sentintd) to pass, to deliver propasi v.;'. to prosper, to flourish, to thrive proportie s.f. proportion, ratio; percentage proportional adj. proportional proprietar s.m. owner, proprietor, holder, possessor; (care da in chirie sau in arendd) landlord ~ al marfii - cargo owner ~ care percepe o chine excesiva - rack-renter ~ cu titlu de proprietate inregistrat/ inserts - (in cartea funciara) registered proprietor ~ de chei - wharfinger

~ de magazin - storekeeper ~ de nava - shipowner ~ de nava de linie - berth owner ~ de resurse - resource owner ~ de ziar - (SUA) publisher ~ funciar - landowner ~ prezumtiv - reputed owner/ proprietor ~ riveran -- riparian ~ unic - sole owner/proprietor proprietate s.f. 1. property; (posesiune, detinere) ownership 2. (trdsdturd, calitate) property, quality ~ a unui absenteist - absentee ownership ~ abandonata pe mare - derelict ~ absoluta - absolute ownership ~ comuna - (indiviziune) joint ownership ~ cooperatista - cooperative property ~ corporala - corporeal/tangible property ~ cu drept de mostenire limitat - estate in tail ~ ereditara - fee, heir land ~ funciara - land(ed) property, estate ~ funciara absoluta - (cu drept de a o transmite oricdrui mostenitor) fee simple, freehold ~ funciara limitata - (cu drept de a o transmite unei categorii limitate de mostenitori) fee tail ~ imobiliara - real estate/property, realty, immo. able property, immovables ~ inalienabila - mortmain ~ individuala/nesolidara - severally, several property ~ indiviza - undivided property ~ industrials - (asupra brevetelor, mdrcilor etc.) industrial property

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282 PRO-PRO ~ intelectuala - intellectual property ~ ipotecata - embarrassed/encumbered estate ~ inchiriata - leasehold (property), letting, tenement ~ libera de sarcini/neipotecata - estate free from encumbrances, clear estate ~ mobiliara - personal estate/property, personalty ~ necorporala - incorporeal/intangible property ~ neevaluata/neimpusa - unassessed property ~ nuda - bare ownership, ownership without usufruct ~ obsteasca - collective ownership/ property ~ ocupata temporar - (prin inchiriere sau arendare) tenancy ~ particulara/privata - private ownership/property ~ pe viata - life estate ~ publica/de stat - public/state ownership, public/state property ~ transmisibila numai pe linie feminina - tail female ~ transmisibila numai pe linie masculina - tail male proprietati tehnologice - process/ processing properties prospect s.n. prospectus; (brosurd) leaflet ~ de emisiune - issue prospectus prosper adj. prosperous, flourishing, thriving prospera v.i. to prosper, to flourish, to thrive prosperitate s.f. prosperity, thrivingness protectie s.f. protection

protectia muncii - labour protection protectie a consumatorilor - consumer protection ~ a locurilor de munca - employment protection ~ a mediului - environment protection ~ contra accidentelor - accident prevention ~ prin brevetare - patent coverage ~ sociala - social protection/security protectionism s.n. protectionism ~ administrativ - (implied restrictii legislative asupra unor norme de con-sum, norme sanitare etc. m scopiil mdepartdrii producalorilor straini} administrative protectionism ~ nontarifar - (aplicat prin mdsuri de contingentare a importurilor, mterii-cerea totald a importurilor pe o pe-rioadd de timp, formalitdti descuraja-toare de import) nontanff protectionism ~ tarifar - (care constd in aplicarea de taxe vamale asupra produselor impor-tate) tariff protectionism protectionist adj. protective s.m. {adept al protectionismului) protectionist proteja v.t. to protect; (a sprijini) to support; (o Industrie, un sector economic) to safeguard protest s.n. 1. protest 2. (cambiaH protest ~ de munca - industrial action ~ pentru neacceptare - (a unei cambii) protest for nonacceptance ~ pentru neplata - (a unei cambii) protest for nonpayment ~ social - (cu ocuparea unui local, a unui spatiu} sit-in

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PRO-PUN 283 protesta v.i. (impotriva) to protest (against) v.t. (o cambie) to protest ~ o cambie - to protest a bill of exchange, to make protest of a bill of exchange ~ o cambie prin intermediar - to have a bill protested prototip s. n. prototype provizie s.f. provision, store, supply provizii nevamuite - {ale unei nave) bonded stores a face ~ - to get in provisions provizion s.n. provision ~ pentru credite neperformante -bad loan provision ~ pentru pierderi din credite - loan loss provision provizoriu adj. provisional, temporary prudenta s.f. {concept de baza conform cdi-uia cdnd doud valori sunt posibile trebuie sd se retina cea mai scdzuta) (cont.) prudence psihografie s.f. psychographics psihologie s.f. psychology psihologia muncii/industriala -occupational psychology psihotehnica s.f. industrial psychology public adj. public; {de stat} public. state... s.n. public; {aiidienta) audience ~ captiv - {obligat sd asculte material publicitar in timpiil receptiondrii iinor programe de radio si televiziune) captive audience publica v.t. to publish, to issue; (in monitorul oficial) to gazette publicatie s.f. publication; (periodicd) periodical; (revista) magazine ~ bihmara - fortnightly ~ de specialitate - specialized publication ~ de uz intern - restricted publication

~ informativa - digest publicitate s.f. publicity, advertising ~ combativa - combative advertising ~ comparativa - comparative advertising ~ comuna/colectiva - (colaborarea mai multor firme pentru a reduce cheltuielile in acest sector) cooperative advertising ~ distrugatoare - (text publicitar care criticd un produs concurenf) knocking copy ~ etica - ethical advertising ~ industrials - business-to-business advertising ~ informativa - informative advertising ~ institution ala - {a unei firme, menitd sd sporeascd prestigiul acesteia) institutional advertising ~ murala/pe fatada cladirilor - mural/wall advertising ~ nationals - national advertising ~ persuasiva - persuasive advertising ~ primara - (reclamd pentru tin produs, fdrd precizarea marcii) primary advertising ~ prin postere - poster advertising

promotionala - promotional advertising - subliminala - subliminal advertising punct s.n. 1. point 2. (articol, paragraj) item; {de pe ordinea de zi) item 3. (/oc) point, place, post, spot ~ comercial - trading post ~ critic al rentabilitatii - breakeven point ~ de atractie turistica - sightseeing spot, showplace ~ de aur la import - (fin.) import gold/specie point

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284 PUN-PUT ~ de baza - (o sutime dintr-un punct procentual) basis point ~ de impunere - (cdnd trebuie achitatd TVA) tax point ~ de interventie/sustinere - (cand banca centrala intervine pentru susti- nerea cursiilui) support point ~ de livrare - delivery point ~ electronic de vanzare -- electronic point of sale ~ in litigiu - (dr.) issue -- litigios de drept - (dr.) issue of law ~ litigios de fapt - (dr.) issue of fact ~ pana !a care se poate obtine capital - (in mod rentabil) capital cut-off point ~ periculos - (sub care reduccrea tarifelor v.umale la import prejudiciazd economia nationals) peril point ~ vamal - customs house puncte de aur - (limitele nitre care oscileazd rata de schimb a doud volute cu ctalon-aur, in condltiile circulatiei libere a aiirulni mtre tdri) {fin.) gold/specie points

~ in discutie - points at issue ~ pe ordinea de zi - items on the agenda punctaj s.n. scoring ~ de bonitate - credit scoring purtator s.m. bearer ~ de cuvant - spokesman putere .s'./ 1. power 2. authority ~ de cumparare ~ purchasing/buying spending power ~ de cumparare a banilor - money purchasing power - de monopol - monopoly power ~ discretionara de cumparare - discretionary spending power ~ executiva - executive authority ~ fiscala - (la autovehicule) taxable horsepower ~ limitata dc decizie - limited discretion ~ retroactiva — (efect retroaciiv al unei legi) retroaction

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R rabat s.n. rebate, discount, allowance, reduction (in price) ~ comercial - trade discount ~ comercial pentru plata in numerar - cash discount ~ de sfar§it de an - end-year rebate ~ global — (acordat de furnizor detailistului m unumite conditii) (corn.) aggregate rebate ~ la cantitate - quantity discount/ rebate, volume discount/rebate ~ la greutate - weight allowance ~ la navlu - freight rebate radia v.t. 1. (a sterge) to erase; (de pe o listd, dintr-nn registru) to strike off, to cross off, to remove 2. (o datorie, o ipotecd) to cancel, to discharge ~ din barou - to disbar radiat adj. {din registrul de comert) defunct rafina v.t. to refine rafinarie s.f. refinery ~ de petrol - petroleum/oil refinery raid s.n. raid raidul din zori - (cumpdrarea neanuntatd a unui packet mare de actiuni in primele momente ale deschiderii bursei pentru a evita cresterea cursului acestora) (bur.) dawn raid raion s.n. \. district 2. (intr-un magazin) department ~ de solduri - bargain basement/counter ~ de vanzare angro - (la un mare magazin) contract department

ramburs s.n. 1. (rambursare) reimbursement, repayment 2. (plata) payment rambursa v.t. to reimburse, to repay, to pay back, to refund; (cheltuieli) to defray; (a amortiza) to redeem rambursabil adj. reimbursable, repayable; defrayable; (amortizabil) redeemable rambursare s,f. reimbursement, repayment, refunding; (a chelluielilor) defrayal, defrayment; (amortizare) redemption ~ a unui impozit - tax refunding - integrala 5a scadenta - (intr-o singurd transd) bullet repayment ~ in avans - advance repayment ~ neconforma cu termenii contractual! - (a unui credit) slow pay and unsatisfactory account ramificare s.f. branching ~ limitata - (legi care limiteazd mfiintarea sucursalelor bancare) (SUA) limited branching rampa s.f. stage; ramp; platform ~ de acces - approach ramp ~ de descarcare - unloading ramp/stage; (de debarcare) landing ramp/stage ~ de incarcare - loading ramp/stage ramura s.f. branch ~ de afaceri - line of branch ~ economica - economic branch ~ industriala - industrial branch, industry randament s.n. output, outturn; efficiency; return; (fin.) yield

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286 RAN-RAP ~ al activelor - (raportui dintre vdnzdrile unei societati si activele ei) (fin.) asset turnover ~ al actiunilor - return on shares ~ al capitalului - return on capital, efficiency of capital ~ al castigului de capital - capital gains yield ~ al dividendelor — (raportui dintre dividendul actual si pretui actual al unei actiuni) dividend yield ~ al investitiei - yield on investment ~ al pretului de cost - cost efficiency ~ al profitului - (raportui dintre profitui net distribuibil si valoarea totald a actiunilor comune la cursul pietei) earnings yield ~ al unei obligatiuni - bond yield ~ al unui titlu de valoare - (pe perioada cat a fost delimit) holding period yield ~ anual - annual return; (al unui plasamenf) annual yield ~ brut - (fin.} gross yield ~ bun - (fin.) fair yield ~ curent - (calciilat prin raportarea dobdnzii anuale a unui titlu de valoare la pretui sdu curent pe piatd) current yield ~ de baza - (fin.) basic yield ~ economic - economic efficiency ~ efectiv - (fin.) effective yield ~ invariabil - (rata dobdnzii unui titlu de valoare cu dobdndd fixa) flat yield ~ marginal al capitalului - marginal efficiency of capital ~ marginal al investitiei - marginal efficiency of investment ~ maxim - peak efficiency ~ mediu - (fin.) average yield ~ net - (fin.) net yield

~ nominal - rated output ~ pana la maturitate - (rata dobdnzii obtinute la o obligatiune dacd este pdstratd pdnd la maturitate] maturity/redemption yield, yield to maturity ~ pana la revocare - (rata dobdnzii obtinute la o obligatiune dacd este retrasd inainte de maturitate) yield to call ~ total anualizat - annualized total return randamente de scara/dimensiune -(relatia dintre cresterea volumului productiei si a cantitdtii utilizate din factorii de productie combinati) returns to scale rang s.n. 1. rank, position, status 2. (pozitie in clasamentui ipotecilor la inscrierea unei ipoteci in registrul funciar) (order of) priority ~ ipotecar - mortgage priority raport s.n. 1. (relatie) relation, connection 2. (proportie) ratio 3. (dare de seamd) report, account, statement ~ al bugetului de stat - national accounts ~ al cenzorilor - auditors' report ~ al consiliului de administratie -directors' report ~ al presedintelui - (despre activitatea anuald a companiei) chairman's report ~ anual/final - (privind activitatea unei societati) annual report, final accounts ~ beneficiu - cost - (indicele de profilabilitate'} benefit - cost ratio ~ bimetalic - (in situatia in care exisld in circniatie monedd bimetalicu) (fin) mint ratio

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RAP-RAT 287 ~ condensat/comprimat - condensed report ~ confidential - confidential report ~ de activitate - work report ~ de afaceri - situation report ~ de audit - audit report ~ de audit cu rezerve/mentiuni - qualified audit report ~ de avarie - (asig.) damage report ~ de avariere/deteriorare a marfurilor - cargo damage report ~ de cheltuieli - statement of expenses ~ de conversie - {numdnil de actiuni comune care poate fi obtinut prin conversia unei actiuni preferentiale sail a unei obligatiuni convertibile) conversion ratio ~ de credit - credit report ~ de evaluare - appraisal report ~ de expertiza - survey report ~ de lichiditate — (raport periodic al unei band, prin care dovede^te acoperirea pasivului de cdtre disponibilitdtl) liquidity statement ~ de schimb - (raportui dintre indicele pretului mediu de export ?i indicele mediu de import, pe mtreaga activitate de corner! exterior) terms of trade ~ de troc - swapping terms ~ despre clientii care au depa$it scadentele - delinquent activity report ~ dintre cheltuielile si profitui de exploatare - operating ratio ~ dintre depozite §i credite - lending ratio ~ financiar - (raportui anual al consiliului de administratie) financial statement ~ intocmit la sfar§itul zilei - end-of- -day report

raportui capital propriu - active fixe - equity-to-fixed assets ratio ~ datorie - capital propriu - debt- -equity ratio "•• investitie - productie - capital- -output ratio ~ valoare de piata - valoare con- tabila - (yaloarea de piata a actiunii impdrtitd la valoarea contabild pe actiune) market-to-book ratio raporturi de afaceri - business connections/intercourse/relationship ~ juridice - legal relationship a trece in raport - to enter on the record • -t n + raportor s.m. rapporteurs--^'' TTey

rata s.f. 1. instalment^, rate; ratio ~ a absenteismului - {numdriil de absent! la suta de muncitori intr-o zi de nwncd; procentajul zilelor de muncd pierdute din totalul zilelor lucrdtoare pe o anumitd perioadd) absenteeism rate ~ a cheltuielilor - (raportui dintre cheltuieli §i volumul vdnzdrilor/ profi- tului) (asig., corn.) expense ratio ~ a circulatiei marfurilor - (raportui dintre vdnzdrile totale ale uneifirmepe o perioadd determinatd de timp §i valoarea activelor fixe) (cont.) turnover ratio ~ a cre^terii - growth rate; (fortei de muncd, exprimatd ca procent al niimdrului mediu de muncitori intr-o perioadd determinatd de timp) accession rate ~ a cupoaului - (rala specificatd a dolxinzii unei obligatiuni) coupon rate ~ a dobanzii - interest rate, rate of interest

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288 RAT-RAT ~ a dobanzii de baza - prime (lending) rate ~ a dobanzii efective - effective (interest) rate ~ a dobanzii la creditele bancare - bank lending rate ~ a dobanzii la cumparare pe piata interbancara - interbank market bid rate ~ a dobanzii la depozite - deposit interest rate ~ a dobanzii la vanzare, oferita pe piata interbancara — interbank market offered rate ~ a dobanzii obligatiunii - bond rate ~ a dobanzii pe piata de capital - capital market interest rate ~ a dobanzii variabile - floating interest rate ~ a economiilor — (din venitid personal disponibil) savings ratio ~ a frecventei accidentelor - (la un milion de ore-muncd mtr-un an) accident frequency rate ~ a investitiei - (efortid national de investitie in raport de bogdtiile produse) investment rate ~ a lichiditatii curente - (raportui dintre pasivele curente ale unei afaceri s:i activele sale curente) (fin.) current ratio ~ a lichiditatii monetare - (raportui dintre nivelul mediu anual al masei monetare si voliimul tranzactiilor eco- nomice mijiocite de monedd) cash liquidity rate ~ a managerilor - (la 1000 de Siicrdtori) management ratio ~ a mortalitatii - death rate ~ a pierderilor ~ (raportui dintre primele incasate si despdguhiiile

platite de o societate de asigurdri) loss ratio ~ a plusvalorii - rate of surplus value ~ a profitului - rate of profit, profit rate ~ a proprietatilor nemchiriate - (pe piata imobiliard) vacancy rate ~ a puterii de ca§tig - (care indicd puterea activelor unei societdti de a genera venit din exploatare) basic earning power ratio ~ a rentabilitatii - (rata interim a rentabilitdtii unei investitii) rate of return ~ a substitutiei tehnice - (mdrirea productiei prin fabricarea unui articol in load altuid) rate of technical substitution ~ a §omajului - unemployment rate ~ a testului acid - (raportui active lichide - pasive curente folosit pentrii determinarea solvabilitdtii unei firme) (fin.) acid test ratio, quick asset ratio ~ contabila a profitului - accounting rate of return ~ de asigurare Tmpotriva riscurilor - (bur., fin.) hedge ratio ~ de capital - (raportui dintre capitaliil plus rezervele unei band si activele sale totale) capital ratio ~ de capitalizare - (rata la care piata bursierd capitalizeazd cdstigurile curente ale unei societal! comerciale pe actiuni) (bur.) capitalization rate ~ de concentrare - (care aratd procentui in care un sector industrial este dominat de cdteva mart societdti sou mdsura conciirentei pe pietele bancare) concentration ratio ~ de conversie - (mimariil de actiuni coniune care poate fi ohtiniit prin

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RAT-RAT 289 conversia unei actiuni preferentiale sail a unei obligatiuni convertibile) conversion rate ~ de crestere economica - economic growth rate ~ de impozitare/impunere fiscala - rate of taxation, tax rate ~ de tndatorare - (totalul datoriilor impdrtit la totalul activelor unei societati) (fin.) debt ratio ~ de lichiditate - (raportui dintre rezerva monetard a unei band si obligatiile totale fata de depozitele clientilor) cash (-deposit) ratio ~ de navlu necartelat - {mar.) nonconference rate ~ de participare - (relalie care pune in evidentd, in pasivul bilantului unei societati, parted capitaliirilor proprii si cea a capitalurilor imprumutate) (cont.) participation rate ~ de plata a dividendelor - (procentiil din profit platit sub forma de dividende) dividend payout ratio ~ de recuperare a investitiei in capitalul uman - human capital rate of return ~ de retentie - (partea profituliii nerepartizat din totalul profitului companiei) retention ratio ~ de rezerva - (raportui dintre rezer\'a monetard a unei band si obligatiile totale fata de depozitele clientilor) (fin.) reserve ratio ~ de schimb - exchange rate, rate of exchange; (intr-o fuziune, numdrul de actiuni pe care societatea achizitoare trebuie sd Ie dea pentru fiecare actiune a firmei-tintd) exchange ratio

~ de scont - (procent retinut de banca care sconteazd efectele de comert) discount rate ~ dividend - pret - (de piatd al unei actiuni) dividend - price ratio ~ efectiva a dobanzii - effective rate of interest ~ fara rise - (rentabilitatea unei investitii lipsite de rise) (fin.) risk-free rate ~ fixa de schimb - fixed exchange rate ~ flexibila de schimb - floating exchange rate ~ interna a rentabilitatii - (renta- bilitatea unei investitii exprimatd ca profit anual procentual raportat la investitia initiala) internal rate of return ~ istorica a rentabilitatii - (fin.) historical rate of return ~ legala a dobanzii - legal interest rate ~ lombarda - (rata dobanzii pe care banca centrald o acordd bdndlor comerciale pe baza amanetdrii de titluri de valoare) lombard rate ~ medie a dobanzii - average interest rate ~ minima a dobanzii - (pentru creditele acordate de banca centrald) minimum lending rate; (care poate fi perceputd pentru un credit) rate floor ~ naturala a somajului - natural unemployment rate ~ neoficiala/paralela de schimb - parallel rate of exchange ~ neoficiala de scont - private rate of discount ~ nominala a dobanzii - nominal interest rate ~ -pivot - (paritatea unei monede legate de Sistemul Monetar European, in raport cu ECU) central rate

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290 RAT-REA ~ procentuala anuala - annual percentage rate ~ procentuala anualizata - annualized percentage rate ~ reala a dobanzii - real rate of interest ratifica v.t. to ratify; to approve, to confirm rating s.n. (formularea unei calificdri pe mdsura posibilului rise de nerambursare — partiald sau totald — asumat de investitorul care a realizat plasamente in titluri financiare) (fin.) rating ~ de tara - country rating ratie s.f. ration, allowance ~ redusa - short ration/allowance ~ zilnica - daily ration/allowance rationaliza v.t. to rationalize, to allowance rascoala s.f. (revoltd) riot rascoale §i razboaie civile - {asig. mar.) riots and civil commotions rascumpara v.t. to redeem; (a cum- pdra ceva vdndut) to buy back, to repurchase; (la licitatie) to buy in; (o politd de asigurare) to surrender rascumparare s.f. redemption; buyback, repurchase; (a unei polite de asigurare) surrender ~ a ipotecii - redemption of mortgage ~ de actiuni - (de cdtre o societate care le-a vdndut anterior) share repurchase/buyback ~ de creante - (de cdtre debitor) debt buyback ~ de obligatiuni - bond redemption raspundere s.f responsibility; liability ~ conditionata/secundara - (asig.) secondary liability ~ individuala - (dr.) several liability

~ integrals - total liability ~ limitata - (la o siimd fixd stabilitd) limited/restricted liability ~ nelimitata - (la capitalul investit) unlimited liability ~ pentru calitatea produsului - (prevdzutd de legislatia pentru prbtectia consumatorului) product liability ~ principala - primary liability ~ solidara §i individuala - (dr.) joint and several liability ~ unica - (in caz de coliziune) (asig. mar.) single liability raspunderi reciproce - (ale armatorilor in caz de coliziune) cross liabilities raspunzator adj. (pentru) responsible (for), answerable/accountable (for); liable (for) rau adj. bad ~ platnic - bad payer razbois.n. war ~ al preturilor - price war ~ comercial - trade war ~ economic - economic war ~ tarifar/vamal - tariff/rate war reactie s.f. reaction ~ de cedare/plecare - (cauzatd de stresul la locul de muncd si manifestatd prin lipsd de interes, solicitare de concedii etc.) (man.) flight reaction ~ de rezistenta/lupta - (cauzatd de stresul la locul de muncd si manifestatd prin combativitate, contraargumente etc.) {man.) fight reaction real adj. real; actual, effective ~ $i valabil - (despre cecuri) genuine and valid

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REA-REC 291 realiza v.t. to achieve, to carry out/through; (un profit) to realize; (o obligatie, tin contract) to fulfil ~ beneficii normale - to make fair profits ~ un beneficiu dintr-o tranzactie - to cash in on a deal ~ un beneficiu net de - to clear realizabil adj. feasible, possible; (despre un plan) workable realizare s.f. 1. carrying out/through; (a unui profit, a unui plan etc.) realization; (a unei obligatii, a unui contract) fulfilment 2. (lucru realizat) achievement reambala v.t. to repack reangaja v.t. (personal) to restaff reaproviziona v.t. to replenish; {un magazin) to restock reasigura v.t. to reinsure reasigurare s.f. reinsurance ~ facultativa - facultative reinsurance reasigurator.s\w. reinsurer rebut s.n. (factory) reject, spoilage, waste (product), scrap; (despre mdrfuri) rubbish goods rebuta v.t. to reject, to scrap, to throw away recalificare s.f. (profesionala) retraining ~ profesionala - job retraining, vocational rehabilitation/retraining recapitaliza v.t. to recapitalize recensamant^.n. census ~ al populatiei - population census recenzor s.m. census taker receptie s.f. 1. (a mdrfurilor) taking ^over/delivery (of goods) 2. (de cdtre un inspector) acceptance 3. (la hotel) reception desk

receptiona v.t. (marfa) to take delivery, to check and sign for receptionare s.f. reception ~ a marfii - cargo reception, taking over/delivery of goods receptioner s.m. 1. receiver (of goods) 2. (la hotel) reception (desk) clerk ~ de comenzi - order clerk recesiune s.f. recession ~ economics - economic recession rechizitiona v.t. to requisition recicia v.t. to recycle recipisa s.f. receipt, voucher ~ de antrepozitare - dock warrant, warehouse receipt ~ de bagaje - baggage check ~ de depozitare pe chei - wharfinger's receipt/warrant ~ de depunere - (de titluri la o bancd depozitard) deposit receipt ~ de expeditie/transport - delivery receipt ~ de livrare - delivery receipt ~ de livrare neta - clean receipt ~ de primire a marfii - receipt for goods ~ postala - postal/post-office receipt ~ vamala - customs warrant ~ - warant - (deposit) warrant, warehouse warrant reciproc adj. reciprocal, mutual reclama v. t. 1. (a face o cerere/petitie pentru; a solicita) to lay claim to, to put in a claim for; (a cere, a solicita, a pretinde) to claim; (plata unei taxe etc.) to exact 2. (a necesita) to require, to necessitate 3. (pe cinevd) to denounce; (mjudecatd) to sue at law reclamant s.m. claimant, claim er; (dr.) plaintiff, petitioner

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292 REC-REC reclamatie s.f. 1. complaint, objection, protest; request; (dr.) claim 2. (impotriva cuivd) denunciation ~ justificata -justified complaint ~ pentru daune-interese - claim for damages ~ ulterioara - subsequent claim reclama s.f. 1. (]niblicitate) advertising, publicity; (anunt publi- citar) advertisement, commercial 2. (firmd) sign ~ atragatoare/captivanta - catchy advertisement ~ iluminata - illuminated sign - infbrmativa - informative advertising ~ ingenioasa - publicity stunt ~ pe doua pagini de ziar - double- -page spread ~ pe exteriorul mijioacelor de transport - travelling display ~ pe pancarte - (care se prind in fata si in spatele omului care Ie poartd) sandwich board ~ pe prima pagina - (a unui ziar) front-page advertisement ~ pentru promovarea unui produs - promotion ~ primara - (fard specificarea mdrcii) primary advertising ~ prin posta - direct mail

subliminala - subliminal advertisement ~ zgomotoasa - boom recolta v.t. to harvest, to crop, to gather/to get in recolta s.f. harvest, crop(s); (la hectar) yield ~ bogata - rich/heavy/bumper crop

~ de subzistenta - (care nil este destinata comercializdrii) subsistence crop ~ destinata vanzarii - (, si nu consumului personal) cash crop ~- nesecerata/in lan - standing crop. crop on the root, on-the-root harvest/yield ~ proasta - failure of the crop recomandare s.f. recommendation; testimonial, character, comfort rccompensa v.t. to recompense, to reward, to requite recompensa s.f. reward, recompense, requital reconditiona v.t. to recondition, to renew reconversie s.f. (adaptarea uaor indnstrn sau a unor sectoare indus- triale la necesitdti noi; recalificarea fortei de miincd) reconversion record s.n. record; (de productie) peak output recruta v. /\ (personal) to recruit recrutare s.f. (de personal) recruitment ~ de absolventi - (politico de recrutare a fortei de munca) (man.) graduate recruitment ~ de personal - staff recruitment rectifica v.t. (bugetui etc.) to rectify; (a corecta) to correct, to set right, to righten; (un cont) to adjust, to amend recunoastere s.f. acknowledgement ~ a datoriei — (confirmare in scris de cdtre un debitor a sumei pe care o datoreaza) acknowledgement of debt, borrower's note recupera v.t. to recover; to retrieve; to regain; (a rascumpara) to redeem ~ daunele - to recover the damages ~ o datorie - to recover a debt

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REC-RED 293 recuperabil adj. recoverable; retrievable; redeemable recuperare s.f. recovery; retrieve, retrieval; regain; {rdscumpdrare) redemption ~ a bunurilor tinute sub sechestru - {dr.) replevin ~ a cheltuiclilor - recovery of expenses ~ a datoriilor - debt recover) ~ a datoriiior prescrise - bad debt recovery ~ a daunelor - recovery of damages ~ a de$eurilor - waste recovery recurs s.n. 1. {dr.) appeal 2. {regres, sitiiatie apdrutd in caziil cle protest al cambiilor, cund detindtorul unui efect de comert se adreseazd tuturor per- soanelor solidar respo/isabile clacd trasul nu-ji respectd obligatiile) recourse ~ in anulare - {dr.) action for cancellation ~ in revizuire - {dr.) petition for review redacts v.t. to draw up. to draft, to word, to work out; {un contract) to make out redactor s.m. {de carte sau la un ziar) editor; {de reclame, anuntwi) copywriter ~ economic - {al unui ziar) city editor ~ responsabil cu reportajele locale - {SUA) city editor ~ -sef/responsabil - (de ziar) editor-in- -chief, chietymanaging editor redactie s.f. 1. {coleciiv de redacfie) editorial staff; {sediu) editorial office 2. (redactare) editorship redactional adj. editorial

redeventa s.f. {suma de bani pidtitd periodic de cdtre persoane care au lual in concesiune mine, terenuri etc. sau au contractat licente prin know-how) royalty redhibitoriu adj. redhibitory redhibitiune s.f. {anulare a unei vdnzdri cdnd obiectui vdndut are un viciii) (dr.) redhibition redistribui v.t. to redistribute redistribuire s.f. redistribution ~ a veniturilor - income redistribution redobandi v.t. to regain, to recover, to get back redresa v.r. {economic) to recover; {f'manciar) to recuperate, to turn oneself about redresare s.f. recovery ~ a afacerilor - business recovery ~ a pietei - recovery of the market ~ comerciala - trade recovery ~ economics - economic recovery reduce v.t. to reduce; (a mic§ora) to decrease, to diminish, to lessen; {chel-tiiieli') to curtail, to cut down, to retrench; {preturi) to lower, to send down, to scale down, to knock down/ off; {taxe, impOzite etc.) to abate; {activitatea unei intreprinderi ca md-surd premergdtoare mchiderii ei) to run down v.r. to decrease, to diminish, to lessen; {despre valoarea actiunilor) {bur.) to ease off/up ~ drastic - {cheltuieli, bugete) to ax(e); (prefuri) to slash ~ putin - (prefuri) to shade reducere s.f. reduction; {micsorare) decrease, diminution, lessening; {de cheltuieli) curtailment, cutting down, retrenchment; {de preturi) cut, lowering, reduction; {de taxe, impozite)

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294 RED-REE abatement, relief, allowance; (rabat comercial) discount, rebate, drawback; (a activitdtii unei intreprinderi ca mdsurd premergdtoare inchiderii ei) running down ~ a gamei de produse - {fabricate sail comer cializate) variety reduction ~ a impozitelor - tax reduction/relief ~ a impozitelor pentru veniturile mici - small income relief ~ a impozitului pe profitui obtinut la export - export-tax relief ~ a masei monetare - contraction of money supply ~ a navlului - rebate of freight ~ a preturilor - price reduction/cut, reduction in/of the prices ~ a tarei - tare allowance ~ a zilei de munca - shorter hours ~ de capital - (diminuarea capitalului in actiuni al unei societal!) capital reduction; (sub nivelul statutar sau sub eel prevdzut de autoritdti} capital impairment ~ de personal - staff reduction ~ drastica - (de cheltideli, bugete) ax(e); (de preturi) slash ~ fiscala pentru amortizare - depreciation allowance ~ generala - (a preturilor, a salariilor etc. impusd de guvern) rollback ~ liniara/orizontala a taxelor vamale - (reducerea cu acelasi procent a tuturor taxelor vamale ale tdrilor participante la o rundd de negocieri comerciale) linear/horizontal reduction of tariffs, across-the-board tariff reduction ~ mica/nesemnificativa a preturilor - price shading

~ pentru plata in numerar - discount for cash ~ prin amortizare - (a impozitelor) (cont) writing-down allowance reduceri ale impozitului pe venit - income tax allowances ~ compensatorii ale taxelor vamale - compensatory tariff reductions ~ contractuale de pret pentru parcul de autovehicule - (dacd acestea sunt cumpdrate de la o singurd firma) fleet terms ~ cumulate - (acordate de angrosist detailistidui in anumite conditii) (corn,) deferred rebates

fiscale pentru investitii -(inlocuirea mijioacelor fixe uzate) investment allowance ~ fiscale pentru varsta - age relief/allowance ~ salariale - wage cuts ~ uzuale de navlu - {mar.) full terms redus adj. reduced; (despre preturi, tarife) low; (despre venituri, beneficii) poor; (insufficient) scanty reedita v.t. to reissue, to republish; (a retipdri) to reprint reescont^.n. rediscount reesconta v. t. to rediscount reesalona v.t. to reschedule reesalonare s.f. rescheduling ~ a datoriei - debt rescheduling reevalua v.t. to revalue, to reappraise, to reassess reevaluare s.f. revaluation, reappraisal, reassessment ~ a activelor - revaluation of assets reexport s.n. reexport; entrepot trade reexporta v.t. to reexport reexportator^.m. reexporter

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REF-REG 295 reface v.t. to remake; to restore; (un stoc de marfuri) to restock referinta s.f. reference; (despre cineva) character ~ a bancii - bank/banker's reference referinte comerciale - trade references refinanta v.t. to refinance reflatie s.f. (fin.) reflation reforma v.t. to reform; {a imbundtdti) to improve; (a innoi) to renew reforma s.f. reform ~ a taxelor vamale - tariff reform ~ agrara - agrarian/land reform ~ economica - economic reform ~ fiscala - tax reform ~ monetara - monetary/currency reform refuz s.n. refusal; (de a mdeplini o obligatie contractuald etc.) repudiation ~ nejustificat de onorare - (a unui cec, a unei cambii) wrongful dishonour refuza v.t. to refuse; (a respinge) to reject; (o ofertd) to turn down, to decline; (indeplinirea unei obligatii contractuale, plata unei datorii etc.) to repudiate regie s.f. administration; control ~ autonoma - public corporation regim s.n. 1. (social, politic, vamal etc.) regime, system; (forma de gu- verndmdnt) government 2. {regula- ment) regulation 3. {de operare al unui utilaj, al unei masini) (normal) run/running ~ al schimbului valutar - foreign exchange regulations ~ de administrare judiciara - (institut cand o firmd nu-si mai poate mdeplini obligatiile financiare) receivership ~ de lucru/operare - (al unui utilaj, al unei masini) (normal) run/running

~ de proprietate particulars - private ownership ~ tarifar - tariff system ~ vamal - customs regime registratura s.f. registry, register/ registration/record office registru s.n. 1. register, record, book; {contabil) (account) book 2. (societate de clasificare) (mar.) classification society, registry of shipping, ship's register ~ al actionarilor - register of members, shareholders' register ~ al arendasilor sau al veniturilor din arenzi - rent-roll, rental ~ contabil - (account) book ~ cu copii de acte/documente - copybook ~ de achizitii - purchases book/journal ~ de afaceri/tranzactii - bargain book ~ de cadastru - property register ~ de cambii - bill book ~ de casa - cash book/journal, cash paid/received book ~ de casa cu coloane - columnar cash book ~ de cecuri - check register ~ de cheltuieli marunte - (ale unei firme) petty cash book ~ de comenzi - order book ~ de comert - register of companies, trade register ~ de evidenta a francarii - postage book ~ de evidenta a marfurilor mcarcate - cargo book ~ de inventar - inventory book ~ de livrare - delivery book ~ de magazie - (marfuri in depozit) stock book

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296 REG-REG ~ de marfa - (luatd pe credit) passbook ~ de marfuri returnate/refuzate -(cont.) sales returns book, returns inwards book ~ de partizi - (cont.) ledger ~ de procese-verbale - minute book ~ de reclamatii - claims/complaint book ~ de sarcini si ipoteci - register of mortgages ~ de semnaturi autorizate - signature book ~ de solduri - balance book ~ de transfer - (al actiunilor) transfer register ~ de vanzari - sales book ~ de venituri si cheltuieli - books of receipts and expenditures ~ diverse - (cont.) sundries ledger ~ naval/maritim - classification society, registry of shipping, maritime/ship's register ~ portuar de evidenta a marfurilor incarcate - port shipping register ~ tabular - tabular book ~ temporar - (de tranzactii) waste book regiune s.f. region; area, zone, district ~ aurifera - gold field ~ centrala - inland ~ industrial^ - industrial area ~ inundabila - flood land ~ impadurita - forestry ~ viticola - wine district reglementa v.t. to regulate, to regularize, to bring under regulation, to control; to settle reglementar adj. regular; statutory reglementare s.f. regulation, control; settlement

~ a chiriilor - rent control ~ a diferendului/litigiului - settlement of dispute ~ a monopolurilor - regulation of monopoly ~ a pietei - regulation of the market ~ a preturilor - price regulation ~ a schimbului valutar - exchange control regres s. n. (situatie apdrntd in cazul de protest al cambiilor, cdnd detindtomi unui efect de comert se adreseazd tuturor persoanelor solidar respon- sabile dacd trasul nu-si respectd obligatiile) recourse regulament s.n. regulations, statute ~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) general average adjustment/statement ~ de ordine interioara - internal regulations ~ de serviciu - service regulations ~ intern de function are - (a I unei intreprinderi) service instructions ~ portuar - port/harbour regulations ~ strict - severe/strict regulations ~ vamal - customs regulations regulamente tehnice - (care stipuleazd caracteristicile produselor sau a proceselor de fabricatie, regulile de ambalare si etichetare, prevederile administrative ce trebuie aplicate, terminologia si abrevierile standard etc.) technical regulations regula s.f. rule ~ aritmetica pentru calcularea tarei - tare and tret reguli de calculare a tarei - taring regulations ~ de calculare a tonajului - (mar.) tonnage regulations

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REI-REM 297 reimpune v.t. (a reimpozita) to reassess reimpunere s.f. (reimpozitare) reassessment reintegra v.t. (a repune in drepturi, a reintegrd) to reinstate; (intr-o functie anterioara) to restore smb. (to his position/post/office) reintegrare s.f. (repunere in drepturi, reintegrare) reinstatement; (intr-o functie anterioara) restoration reintrare s.f. (in posesie/drepturi) reentry ~ in posesie — (prin bund intelegere) (dr.) recaption ~ in vigoare - (a unei legi) revival reinvesti v.t. to reinvest ~ profitui - to plough back reipotecare s.f. second mortgage remnoi v.t. (un contract, un abonament etc.) to renew retnscrie v.t. (un articol intr-un cont) (cont.) to reenter relansare s.f. revival, recovery ~ economica - economic recovery ~ economica bazata pe cerere -recovery based on demand side ~ economica bazata pe oferta -recovery based on supply side relata v.t. to state, to report; (stiri, evenimente; despre ziaristi) to cover relatie s.f. 1. relation; relationship; (legdtura) connection; {contact) contact 2. pi. relations, intercourse, dealings; (cunostinte) acquaintance ~ directa/personala - direct contact relatii comerciale - trade relations, commercial intercourse ~ contractuale directe - privity of contract ~ cu clientii - customer relations

~ cu investitorii - investor relations ~ cu publicul/publice - public relations ~ cu salariatii - employee relations ~ de afaceri - business relations ~ de munca - (mtre patronat si sala- riati sail sindicate) labour/ industrial relations ~ de productie - relations of production, productive relations ~ diplomatice - diplomatic relations ~ economice - economic relations

economice Internationale -international economic relations ~ juridice - privity

monetare internationale -international monetary relations relua v.t. to resume; to renew ~ lucrul - to resume work remite v.t. to deliver, to consign, to send, to hand over; (prin mandat postal) to remit; (documente) to surrender remitere s.f. delivery, consignment, sending, handing over; (prin mandat postal) remittance; (de documente) surrender ~ bancara - bank remittance remiza s.f. 1. (rabat, reducere) rebate, reduction, allowance 2. (comision) (bur., corn.) half commission remizier s.m. (bur., corn.) half--commission man remorca v.t. (ambarcatiuni) to haul, to tug, to tow; (masini) to trail, to tow; (c./) to draw, to pull remorcaj s.n. (de ambarcatiuni) haulage, hauling, towage, towing, tuggage; (de masini) trailing, towage, towing; (c.f.) drawing, pulling ~ costier - coastal towage

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298 REM-REN ~ de avarie - emergency towage ~ fluvial - river towage ~ maritim - sea towage ~- oceanic — ocean towage ~ prin impingere - push-towing remorca s.f. (mar.') tow, vessel towed; (vehicul) trailer ~ basculanta - waggon ~ -cisterna - tank-trailer ~ de autocamion - truck trailer ~ pentru bu§teni lungi - timber carriage remorcher s.n. (mar.) tug, tugboat, towboat ~ costier - coastal tug ~ de andocare - dock-working tug ~ de canal - canal service tug ~ de halaj - warping tug ~ de impingere §i tractiune - push- -and-tow tug ~ de manevre portuare - dock/ harbour tug ~ de salvare - salvage/rescue tug ~ fluvial - river tug ~ -Tmpingator - push tug, pusher ~ maritim - sea(going) tug, deep-sea tug ~ oceanic - ocean (-going) tug remunera v. t. to remunerate remunerativ adj. 1. remunerative, remuneratory 2. (rentabil) profitable, gainful, rewarding remuneratie s.f. remuneration, pay, emolument, consideration renavlosi v.t. (mar.) to recharter renegocia v.t. to renegotiate renta v.;. to bring profit, to be profitable/remunerative/lucrative rentabil adj. profitable, gainful, remunerative, paying, moneymaking, rewarding, lucrative

rentabilitate s.f. profitableness. gainfulness; return; yield; earning power ~ a activelor - (raportui dintre profitui net si activul total) return on assets ~ a actiunilor - (calculate ca raportui dintre dividendele platite de firmd si pretui de piatd al actiunilor firmei) stock yield ~ a capitalurilor proprii - (profitui disponibil pentru actionari impdrtit la capitalurile proprii) return on (common) equity ~ a investitiei - return on investment a atinge pragul de ~ - to break even renta s.f. rent; (anuald) annuity; unearned income ~ anuala datorata - annuity due ~ de abilitate - (yenituri suplimentare pe care un individ Ie poate obfine ca urmare a aptitudinilor sale speciale) ability rent ~ de monopol - (forma a rentei inca-satd de intreprinzdtorii care dispun de factor! de productie rari, nesubsti-tuibili, inaccesibili altord) monopoly rent ~ de raritate - (renta. obtinutd in situatiile care provoacd un deficit de ofertd - monopolul natural sau artificial, reglementdri vamale si tarifare etc.) scarcity rent ~ diferentiala - {renta funciard suplimentard obtinutd pentru un teren mat fertil, mai bine amplasat etc.) situation rent ~ funciara - land/ground rent ~ m natura - rent in kind ~ nominala - peppercorn rent ~ viagera - life annuity

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REN-REP 299 rentier s.m. rentier, fund holder; (beneficiar al unei rente anuale) annuitant renunta v.i. (la) to renounce; (la un drepf) to disclaim, to waive, to sign off; (a ceda, a cesiond) to surrender; (la o actiune judiciara) to abandon ~ la un drept - to waive a right renuntare s.f. renunciation; (la un drepf) disclaimer, waiver, remission; (cedare, cesionare) surrender; (la o actiune judiciara) abandonment ~ la dreptui de a protesta o cambie - waiver of demand, notice and protest ~ la o actiune judiciara - abandonment of action ~ la o cerere/pretentie - waiver of claim ~ la prime - (de asigurare) waiver of premium ~ tacita - implied waiver reorganiza v. t. to reorganize repara v.t. 1. to repair, to mend; (masini, aparate) to overhaul 2. (a rectified) to rectify; (a compensa) to make up for reparatie s.f. 1. repair; (generald, revizie) overhaul 2. (despdgiibire) compensation, indemnification; legal remedy ~ capitala/generala - (general) overhaul, turnover job ~ curenta/de intretinere - running repair/service, operating repair ~ preventiva - preventive repair ~ provizorie - temporary repair repartiza v.t. 1. to distribute, to divide, to share out; to allocate, to allot; to assign; (proportional) to apportion 2. (un rise) (asig., fin.) to spread 3.

(incdrcdtura sau balastui) (mar.) to trim repartizare s.f. 1. distribution, division, sharing out; allocation, allotment; assignment; (de fonduri) appropriation; (proportionals) apportionment 2. (a unui rise) (asig., fin.) spread 3. (a mcdrcdturii sau a balastului) (mar.) trim, trimming ~ a avariei - (asig. mar.) average adjustment ~ a cheltuielilor - distribution of expenses ~ a flotei pe linii de navigatie - shipping pattern ~ a greutatii - weight distribution ~ a profitului - allotment of profit ~ a responsabilitatilor - (man.) allocation of responsibilities ~ a resurselor - resource allocation ~ a valorii de asigurare - apportionment of valuation ~ a riscurilor - (rdspdndirea plasa- mentelor sau a creditelor cu scopul de a se obtine cea mai bund garantie contra riscurilor de capital sau de venit) (fin.) risk spread ~ detaliata a fondurilor - itemized appropriation of funds - funciara - allotment of property ~ judiciara a debitelor unui falit - adjudication of bankrupt's debts repatria v.t. (projitui, capitalurile investite) to repatriate report s.n. 1. (cont.) (trecerea unei sume - total, partial - din josul unei coloane in fruntea coloanei urmdtoare a unui registru) carry-forward/-over; (sumd reportata) amount brought/ carried forward 2. (la bursa de valori, amuharea achitarii iinei dator':i. Friii

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300 REP-RES plata unei dobdnzi, pdnd la nrmd-toarea lichidare; la bursa de mdrfuri, diferenta dintre pretui spot si pretui forward sau futures) contango; continuation account ~ al articolelor in cartca mare - (cont.) posting reporta v.t. 1. (cor;/.) to carry forward/over; {in cartea mare) to post 2. (bur.) to continue reportaj s.n. coverage; (lilerar) reportage reporter s.m. reporter; correspondent; (care ia interviuri) interviewer; (care adreseazd intrebdri) questioner represalii s.f. pi. (economice, vamale etc.) reprisals, retaliation; retaliaiory measures, measures of retaliation a aplica - impotriva - to retaliate on represiv adj. (de represalii) retaliatory reprezenta v.t. (pe cinevd) to represent, to act for, to stand for reprezentant.y.w. representative agent ~ al fabricii furnizoare - serviceman ~ autorizat - authorized/appointed agent ~ comercial - sales agent/ representative, trade representative, salesman, business/commercial agent ~ diplomatic - resident minister ~ exclusiv/unic - (al unei companii intr-o anumitd zona) sole/exclusive agent ~ general - general agent ~ imputernicit legal - duly authorized representative reprezentanta s.f. agency, representation, representative office ~ comerciala - trade agency/ representation ~ exclusiva - sole agency

reprczentare s.f. representation ~ sindicala/a salariatilor - employee representation reproductie s.f. (reluarea continud a procesuli.ii de productie la scam economiei r,auonale\ reproduction ~ largita - enlarged reproduction - simpia - simple reproduction repune v.t. (in drepturi'} to reinstate, to restore; (//; activitate) to refloat ~ in activitate o companie - to refloat a company repunere s.f. restoring, restoration ~ in activitate - (a unei firme) refloating

m drepturi - reinstatement, restoration ~ in poscsie - reentry ~ in vigoare - (a unei legi) revival reputatie s.f. reputation ~ buna - good reputation ~ de solvabilitate • creditworthiness ~ rea - bad reputation respecta v.t. (leged) to abide by, to observe; (o clauza) to comply with, to keep to, to observe; (o obligatie, un angajamenf) to honour ~ conditiile contractuale - to comply with/to keep to contract terms a nu-§i ~ obligatiile - to fail to meet one's obligations respinge v.t. to repel, to repulse; (pretentii, cereri) to disallow; (o pro-punere, o oferta) to reject, to decline, to turn down; (un apel) to dismiss; (p obiectie, o propunere) to overrule; (o motiune) to vote down responsabil adj. (pentru) liable/ responsible/answerable/accountable (for) s.m. executive, official; manager ~ de zona - (de •.•anzdri) area manager

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RES-RES 301 ~ ierarhic - line man ~ in mod solidar - (dr.) jointly and severally liable ~ sindical - trade-union leader/ organizer responsabilitate s.f. responsibility, accountability; liability ~ fiduciara — (a adminisirdrii unui fond depensii) fiduciary responsibility ~ functionala - (a specialistilor dintr-o mtrepriiidere) functional responsibility ~ limitata - limited liability ~ sociala - (a firmelor pentru echilibrul social} social responsibility rest s.n. 1. rest, remainder 2. (in bani) change restant adj. remaining, owing, outstanding, back; (deposit ca termen) overdue restanta s.f. backlog; (salariala) back pay; (arierate) arrears restante salariale - arrears of wages restitui v.t. to give/to hand back; (de bunuri, proprietati) to restore; (bani) to return, to refund restituire s.f. restitution; (de bunuri, proprietati) restoration; (de bani) return, refund, refunding ~ a bunurilor sechestrate - (dr.) replevin ~ a impozitului - tax refund ~ a primei de asigurare - return of premium ~ a taxelor vamale - customs drawback restrange v.t. to restrict, to limit; (a reduce) to reduce; (a micsora) to diminish; (a ingrddi) to restrain; (cheltuieli, afaceri etc.) to contract; (creditele) to tighten

restrangere s.f. restriction, limitation, stringency; reduction, diminution; (mgrddire, limitare) restraining; (a cheltuielilor, a afacerilor etc.) contraction; (a creditelor) tightening; (a unei afaceri prin vdnzarea sail inchirierea unor active) divestment ~ a afacerilor - business contraction ~ a creditului/posibilitatilor de creditare - stringency/tightening of credit ~ a dividendelor - dividend limitation/ restraint ~ a pietelor - decline of the markets

a schimburilor - exchange restriction restrans adj. restricted, limited; (despre piata financiara) stringent restrictiv adj. restrictive, limiting; (despre o clauzd) saving restrictie s.f. restriction, limitation, qualification; (mgrddire, restrangere) restraint, constraint ~ legala - legal constraint restrictii bugetare severe - ax(e) ~ calitative - qualitative restrictions ~ cantitative - quantitative restrictions ~ comerciale - trade restrictions, restraint of trade ~ de contingentare - quota restrictions ~ discriminatorii - discriminating/ discriminatory restrictions ~ la export - export restrictions ~ la import - import restrictions ~ salariale - wage restraints ~ valutare - exchange restrictions restructura v.t. to restructure, to reorganize resursa s.f. resource; pi. resources, means, ability

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302 RES-REU resurse de materii prime - primary resources ~ economice - economic resources ~ financiare - resources, funds ~ hidroenergetice - water-power resources ~ naturale - natural resources ~ umane - human resources resedinta s.f. residence, abode, domicile; dwelling place retentie s.f. lien; (sechestru) distress, distraint retrage v.t. (depuneri, mdrfuri etc.) to withdraw; (o suma din fonduri, economii) to draw; (bani din circulate} to retire; {monede din circulatie pentru mtdrirea bancnotelor) to immobilize v.r. 1. (a se pensiona) to retire 2. (din afaceri, activitate) to retire, to draw back, to give up retragere s.f. 1. (de depuneri, de mdrfuri etc.) withdrawal; (o suma din fonduri, economii) drawing, draw; (bani din circulatie) retirement; (de monede din circulatie pentru mtdrirea bancnotelor) immobilization 2. (din activitate, afaceri) retirement ~ a actiunii - (injustitie) nonsuit ~ de numerar - cash withdrawal ~ masiva a depunerilor bancare - run on banks ~ temporara a unei licente - suspension of a licence retribui v.t. to remunerate, to pay retributie s.f. remuneration, pay ~ in functie de performante - performance-related pay retroactiv adj. retroactive a avea efect- - (despre legi) to retroact retroceda v. (. to reconvey, to recede, to retrocede

retrograda v.t. (un salariat din cauza rezultatelor nesatisfdcdtoare sau a comportamentului) to demote retrogradare s.f. demotion returna v.t. to send back returnabil adj. returnable retea s.f. (comerciald, de drumuri etc.) network; (feroviard, rutierd, electricd etc.) system; chain ~ comerciala - trading network ~ de alimentare cu apa - supply system/network ~ de calculatoare - computer network ~ de conducte - pipe system ~ de magazine - chain store ~ de sucursale - branch network ~ de sosele/drumuri - highway system ~ feroviara - railway system/network; (SUA) railroad system ~ rutiera - road network retine v.t. 1. to withhold, to deduct; (o suma) to keep back; (salariul etc.) to retain, to hold back, to withhold; (cotizatii sindicale din salariu) to check off 2. (locuri, bilete) to book; (o camera) to engage, to bespeak retinere s.f. withholding, deduction, retention ~ de salariu - (in cazul nerambursdrii unui credit) wage assignment ~ din salariu - (a cotizatiilor sindicale) checkoff; (pentru plata impozitelor, a asigurdrilor sociale etc.) deductions from pay; (conform legis- latiei in vigoare) statutory deduction reuniune s.f. reunion; (adunare) assembly, meeting reusi v.;'. (in) to succeed (in), to be successful (in) ~ in afaceri - to be successful in business

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n r\'y ->03 REU-REZ

~ mtr-o tranzactie/afacere - to get the best of a bargain/deal a nu ~ in - to fail in reutila v.t. to retool, to re-equip revaloriza v.t. (moneda nationals in raport cu etalonul de referinta) to revalorize revanzare s.f. resale revendica v.t. to claim, to demand, to request; (drepturi) to assert revendicare s.f. claim, demand, request; (de drepturi) assertion revendicari salariale - wage claims revinde v.t. to resell, to sell again revista s.f. magazine, periodical; journal; (lunard) monthly; (bilunara) fortnightly; (sdptdmdnala) weekly; (mai ales de literaturd, stiintd etc.) review ~ a presei - press review ~ de anunturi/reclame - advertiser ~ de specialitate - specialized review ~ economics - trade journal ~ interna - (a unei firme) house magazine revizie s.f. 1. revision, examination; control; (tehnica) inspection, overhaul(ing) 2. (contabila) audit ~ contabila - audit ~ generala - (general) overhaul ~ tehnica - technical inspection/' revision, maintenance inspection reviior s.m. inspector; controller ~ contabil - auditor revizui v.t. 1. to control, to inspect; (tehnic) to overhaul 2. (cant.) to audit revoca v.t. 1. to revoke; (a anula) to repeal, to cancel 2. (a destitui) to dismiss; (tin ambasador din post) to recall revocabil adj. revocable, callable

revocare s.f. 1. revocation; (anulare) repeal, cancellation 2. (destituire) dismissal; (a unui ambasador din post) recall 3. (rambursarea unei emisiuni de obligatiuni sau actiuni preferentiale inainte de scadenta) call ~ a unui ordin de plata - stop payment revolutie s.f. revolution ~ industrials - industrial revolution ~ manageriala - (schimbare profundd a principiilor de management si conducere a firmelor de afaceri) managerial revolution ~ verde - (denumire data ansamblului de actiuni si mdsuri de ameliorare geneticd a semintelor pentru culturile de baza, in vederea mdririi productiei agricole in zonele si tarile cu deficit alimentar accentual) green revolution rezerva s.f. 1. reserve; stock, deposit 2. (fin.) reserve; (provizion) provision 3. (restrictie, conditie, clauzd limitativa) reserve, condition, qualification; stipulation ~ de aur - gold reserve ~ de capital - capital reserve, stock of capital; (a unei band) surplus reserve ~ de numerar - stock of cash ~ din reevaluare - (a activelor) (cont.) revaluation reserve ~ extraordinara - (a unei band) extraordinary reserve ~ generala - (pentru acoperirea nece- sarului de fond de rulment) general reserve ~ lichida - (disponibild pentru plasamente imediate) cash reserve ~ metalica - (fin.) (in lingouri) bullion reserve; (in monede si lingouri) coin and bullion

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304 REZ-RID ~ pentru cheltuieli neprevazute - contingent reserve ~ valutara - reserve currency rezerve ale societatii - (constituite din profit) company reserves ~ ascunse/secrete - (delict de bilant care constd in denaturarea inregis- trdrilor contabile prin subevaluarea activelor) (cont.) hidden/inner/secret reserves ~ bancare - bank reserves ~ bugetare - budget reserves ~ excedentare - {ale unei band) excess reserves ~ facultative — {rezerve de capital a cdror constitute mi este obligatorie) voluntary reserves ~ in numerar - vault cash ~ legale - (yaloarea minima a lichi- ditdtii pe care o bancd este obligatd prin lege sd o detina) legal/statutory reserves ~ minime obligatorii - {ale unei band) minimum reserve requirements ~ pentru credite neperformante - bad debts reserves ~ primare - {rezerve bancare care asigurd lichiditdti imediate, dar nu genereazd venituri) primary reserves ~ proprii — {rezervele bancare minus cantitatea imprumutatd de band de la Banca Rezervelor Federale) {SUA) unborrowed reserves ~ secundare - {reserve bancare investite pe termen scurf) secondary reserves ~ strategice - strategic stocks ~ valutare §i de aur - gold and foreign exchange reserves

~ vizibile/declarate - {mentionate in bilantui contabil) {cont.) visible reserves a constitui ~ - to build up reserves a retrage sume din fondurile de ~ - to draw on the reserves rezident s.m. resident rezidenta s.f. residence rezidual adj. 1. residual 2. {dr.) residuary reziduu s.n. residuum, residue, remnant rezilia v.t. (un contract, o conventie) to cancel, to annul, to rescind, to terminate, to undo, to void, to dissolve reziliere s.f. cancellation, annulment, rescission, termination, voidance, dissolution rezistenta s.f. 1. resistance 2. {a materialelor) strength ~ a consumatorilor - consumer resistance ~ a materialelor - strength of materials ~ la cumparare - {in ciuda publi- citdtii) sales resistance/apathy ~ la uzura - wear resistance rezolutie s.f. resolution a adopta o ~ - to pass/to adopt/to approve/to carry a resolution a propune o ~ - to move/to submit/to table a resolution rezuma v.t. to brief, to sum up, to summarize rezamats.n. summary, brief, resume ~ al principalelor $tiri - {la radio, televiziune) headlines ridica v.t. 1. to raise; {greiitdti) to lift, to heave, to hoist 2. (a suspendu) to suspend; {restrictii} to withdraw, to remove 3. {a mdri) to increase;

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RID-RIS 305 (preturi) to raise, to scale up, to put up 4. (o sedinta) to break up v.r. 1. (/a) to amount/to come to, to run into 2. (brusc; despre preturi) to zoom up, to skyrocket ~ obiectii - to raise/to make objections ~ pretentii - to raise claims ~ preturile fortat/artificial - to force up the prices ridicare s.f. 1. raising; (de greutdti) lifting, heaving, -hoisting 2. (suspen-dare) suspension; (de restrictii) withdrawal, removal 3. (crestere) growth; (mdrire) increase; (imbu-ndtdtire) improvement, betterment ~ a preturilor — rise in prices ~ a salariilor - wage increase ~ brusca a preturilor -jump in prices ~ topografica - topographic(al)/land survey ring s.n. (incintd circulard din sala bursei, unde actioneazd agentil) ring rise s.n. risk, hazard; (asig. mar.) adventure ~ acoperit - (prin asigurare) covered risk ~ al afacerii - business risk ~ al armatorului - owner's risk ~ al carau§ului - can'ier's risk ~ al cumparatorului - buyer's risk ~ al inflatiei - inflation risk ~ al incarcatorului - (asig. mar.) shipper's risk ~ al nemdeplinirii obligatiilor - (in tranzactiile de comert exterior) noncompletion risk ~ al puterii de cumparare -purchasing power risk ~ asigurabil - insurable risk ~ asigurat - insured risk, risk insured ~ comercial - commercial/trade risk

~ comun — (atdt pentru navd, cat yi pentru caric) (asig. mar.) common adventure ~ corporativ - (la alocarea capi-talului, acesta reflectd efectele unui proiect asupra riscuhd finnei, mdsurat ca efect asupra variabilitdtii profitului firmei) corporate risk ~ de accidente profesionale/de munca - occupational hazard ~ de captura - (asig. mar.) risk of seizure ~ de coliziune/abordaj - (asig. mar.) risk of collision ~ de credit - credit risk ~ de firma - (riscul de baza inerent activitdtii de exploatare a firmei) (fin.) business risk ~ de frauda - fraud risk ~ de flirt - theft risk ~ de gheturi - (asig. mar.) ice risk ~ de incendiu - fire risk ~ de incetare de plata - default risk ~ de lichiditate - (incapacitated intermediarilor financiari de a onora obligatiile financiare pe termen scurf) liquidity risk ~ de prejudiciu adus unui tert -(asig.) third-party risk ~ de spargere - (a coletelor de mar/a) breakage risk ~ de suveranitate - (riscul expro-prierii activelor unei filiale struine de cdtre tara-gazdd sail restrictii nepre-vazute asupra fluxurilor de numerar cdtre compania-mama) sovereign risk ~ de transbordare - transshipment risk, risk of boats/craft ~ de tranzactie - (riscul valutar da-torat diferentelor de curs in tranzactiile

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306 RIS-ROL comerciale Internationale) transaction risk ~ de tara - (fin.) country risk ~ descoperit/neacoperit - (fard asigurare) uncovered risk ~ financiar - {riscul de a nu mai putea acoperi cheltuielile fixe financiare -dobanzi, dividende preferentiale, fonduri de amortizare) financial risk ~ iminent - (asig.) immediate risk ~ incalculabil - (asig.) incalculable risk ~ intrinsec - (asig.) inherent risk ~ maritim - (marine/maritime) adventure, marine/maritime risk, risk at sea ~ moral — (comportament necinstit sau neglijentd a persoanelor care nu suportd costurile actelor lor, situatie generatd de existenta unei asigurdri etc.) moral hazard ~ neasigurabil - noninsurable/ uninsurable risk ~ nesistematic - (riscul diversificabil sau specific unei anumite companii, cauzat de factori caracteristici aces-teia, care poate fi eliminat prin pds-trarea actiunilor companiei intr-un portofoliu diversificat) unsystematic risk ~ operational - (riscul care existd in conditii de functionare normald a bdncii) (fin.) operating risk ~ politic - political risk ~ profesional - professional risk ~ sistematic/relevant/de piata - (acea parte din riscul unui titlu de valoare, care rezultd din oscilatiile pietei bursiere si nu poate fi eliminat prin diversificare) (bur., fin.) systematic/ relevant/market risk

~ special/suplimentar - (asig.) extra/ additional risk ~ total - (abaterea standard a unui titlu de valoare) (fin.) total risk ~ valutar/al cursului de schimb - foreign exchange risk a se expune unui ~ - to incur a risk risca v.t. to risk, to venture; (bani mtr-o afacere) to stake ripisa s.f. waste, wastage; (de bani, timp etc.) squander; thriftlessness risipi v.t. 1. to scatter, to disperse; (din mar/a) to spill 2. (bani, timp etc.) to waste, to squander (away) risipitor adj. wasteful, spendthrift, thriftless s.m. squanderer, spendthrift risturna s.f. return, refund; rebate ~ de navlu - (mar.) deferred rebate ~ de prima - (asig.) premium refund ritms.n. rate ~ de circulatie a marfurilor - rate of turnover ~ de cre$tere economica - economic growth rate ~ de productie - rate of production rival adj., s.m. rival rivalitate s.f. (concurentd) rivalry, contention riveran adj. riverain, riparian, river (-side) s.m. riverain, riparian, riverside resident robot s. m. robot robotica s.f. robotics rodi v.i. to bear/to yield fruits, to fruit roditor adj. 1. fruit-bearing, fruitful 2. fertile, rich rol s.n. 1. roll, list; register 2. (dr.) (de procese) cause list, docket; (calendar de termene) calendar ~ de echipaj - (mar.) ship's ledger/ articles, muster roll/book

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ROL-RUT

~ de impozite - assessment roll a trece pe ~ - (un proces) {dr.) to docket rotatie s.f. 1. rotatie 2. (cifra de afaceri; randament) turnover ~ a activelor fixe - (raportui dintre vdnzari si activele fixe, care mdsoard utilizarea instalatiilor si a echipamen- telor) fixed assets turnover ~ a activului total - (raportui dintre vdnzari si activul total) total assets turnover ~ a capitalului - (circuitui capitalului privit ca proces continuii} capital turnover ~ a culturilor agricole - (asolamenf) rotation/succession/shift of crops ~ a directorilor - rotation of directors ~ a sarcinilor/posturilor-job rotation ~ a stocurilor - (raportui dintre vdnzari si stocuri) inventory turnover rotund adj. (despre cifre) round; (despre o sumd de bani) even rotunji v.t. {calcule, cifre} to round off ruina v.t. (afalimentd} to break

307

ruin at adj. (falit) broken ruja v.t. (incdrcdtura uhei nave, a unui avion prin distribuirea ei uniforma) to trim ru]ar s.m. trimmer rujare s.f. trim, trimming rula v.t. {bani, fondtiri) to circulate rulaj s.n. (cont.,fin.) turnover runda s.f. (de negocieri) round rural adj. rural ruta s.f. route, course, way ~ comerciala - trade route ~ de navigatie - (shipping) lane, shipping/sailing route, navigation course ~ de transport de marfa de mare viteza - (c./) fast freight line ~ directa - direct route ~ fluviala - inland route ~ maritima - sea route ~ terestra - overland route ~ oceanica - ocean lane a schimba ruta - to reroute rutier adj. road...

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s sac s.m. (pentru marfd, de man me standard) bag,sack '~- de hartie - paper bag --deiuta-jute bag ~ de plastic - plastic bag "- neumplut - slack bag sacrifica v.t. (animale) to slaughter, to kill salariat adj. (despre oameni sau posturi) salaried; (renmnerat, retribuit) remunerated; stipendiary; (despre oameni) wage-earning, wageworking; (despre munca) paid s.m. wage earner; (functionar intr-o societate privatd) salaried employee/man, salary earner; (functionar la stat) civil servant, office worker; (muncitor salariat) wage-worker, salaried worker; pi. the salariat ~ pensionat - retired employee ~ permanent - permanent employee salariu s.n. (pentru munca manuald, mecanizatd, prestarea de servicii) wage(s); (al persoanei care face alte munci deceit cele mamiale sau meca-nizate ori prestdri de servicii) salary, pay ~ brut - gross wage ~ colectiv - collective wage ~ de baza - basic wage ~ de concediere - dismissal wage/pay/ compensation ~ derizoriu - pittance ~ diterential - differential pay, wage differential ~ direct - (in corelafie cu munca prestata) direct wage ~ estimat in viitor - wage expectations

~ indirect - (acea parte a salariului pidtitd dupa alte criterii decdt. munca prestata) indirect wage ~ in acord - piece wage/rate, job/task wage ~ in natura - truck wage ~ just - fair wage - lunar - monthly wage - minim/de subzistenta - minimum/ subsistence/living wage, fall-back pay ~ minim de cre§tere - minimum growing wage - net - net wage, take-home pay ~ nominal - nominal wage ~ pe unitatea de timp - time wage ~ permanent/'regulat - regular salary " platit prin cec - paycheck ~ real - real wage ~ saptamanal - weekly wage ~ tarifar - tariff wage/rate salarii curente - going wages ~ direct productive - productive wages ~ progresive - (in functie de produc- tivitate) progressive/incentive wages ~ si lefuri - wages and salaries salariza v.t. to pay (salary to); to remunerate ~ insuficient - to underpay salarizare s.f. wages pay, paying a salary to, remuneration of sala s.f. (mare, mai ales intr-o cladire publicd) hall; (camera, mcdpere) room; (]~>entru prelegeri) lecture room ~ de a§teptare - waiting room -- de audiente - audience chamber ~ de consiliu - board room

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SAL-SAR 309 ~ de expozitie - showroom, exhibition room ~ de tntruniri - assembly hall -de licitatie - auction room. mart ~ de vanzare de bilete - book hall ~ principals - (a unei burse) floor salopeta s.f. overalls, coveralls sanctiona v.t. 1. to penalize, to sanction 2. (a aprobu) to sanction, to agree to sanctiune s.f. 1. sanction, penalty; (pentm incalcarea unui contract) forfeit, forfeiture 2. (aprobare) sanction, approbation, approval sanctiuni economice - economic/trade sanctions sanitar adj. sanitary, health... sarcina s.f. 1. (incarcatura) load, burden; (greutate) weight 2. (garantie, ipoteca) encumbrance, charge 3. (ms-pundere, responsabilitate, custodie, tutela) (dr.) charge 4. (obligatie) charge, burden, imposition, onus; (mdatorire) assignment, task; (obligate) obligation 5. pi. (impolite, taxe, impuner'i) charges, taxes, imposts ~ a probelor - (dr.) onus probandi, burden of proof - admisa/admisibila - allowable' permissible load ~ critica - critical load ~ de exploatare - operating/service load ~ efectiva - effective load ~ fixa - (dreptui creditorului fund limitat la un amimit activ al unei societuti) fixed charge ~ flotanta - (dreptui creditorului extinzdndu-se la toate activele unei societati) floating charge ~ grea - heavy lift

~ ipotecara - mortgage charge ~ limita - ultimate load ~ maxima - maximum/peak load ~ maxima admisa - safe load ~ neta - net load ~ nominala - rated load ~ partiala/incompleta - underload ~ totala - full/total load ~ utila/comerciala - useful/service load, payload sarcini fiscale - tax burden ~ pe active - charges on assets ~ prioritare - (plafa prioritara a dividendelor la actiunile preferentiale) prior charges satisfactie s.f. satisfaction ~ a muncii - (sutisfactia pe care un lucrdtor o obtine din activitatea so) (man.)]db satisfaction saturare ,•>./ saturation ~ a pietei - market saturation sanatate s.f. health ~ publica - public health saptamanal adj. weekly, hebdomadal, hebdomadary^./i. weekly (publication) saptamana s.f. week ~ de lucru - working week sarac adj. poor; (nevoia^) destituite, needy, indigent; (jam barn, strdmtorat) moneyless, impecunious, hard-up; (sdrdcdcios, redus) scanty s.m. poor/ indigent person, pauper saraci v.t. to beggar, to impoverish, to make poor; (a pauperiza) to pauperize v.;'. to grow/to become poor, to become impoverished saracie s.f. poverty; (nevoie) destitution, necessity, need(iness); (lips a) want, scarcity, dearth, lack, paucity: (pauperism) pauperism ~ absoluta - absolute poverty

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310 SAL-SCH ~ relativa - relative poverty sarbatoare s.f. 1. (zi nelncrdtoare) day of rest, rest day; (zi liberd la scoala) play day 2. (care se prdznuieste) holiday, high day, feast; (marcatd cu rosu in calendar) red-letter day ~ legala - legal/public/statutory holiday; (pentru band) bank holiday scadent adj. (falling) due, mature a fi ~ - to fall due scadenta s.f. due date/day, prompt date, maturity, term; (a unei cambii) tenor ~ comuna - (a mai multor titluri de valoare) equation of payments ~ medie - (calculatd in functie de diferite sume care trebuie platite la date diferite) average due date a ajunge la ~ - to fall due, to mature; (despre o datorie) to fall in scara s.f. 1. (fixd) stairs, staircase; (mobild) ladder 2. (scald) scale ~ de impozite - tax scale ~ de incendiu - fire escape ~ de normare - rating scale ~ de pescaj - (mar.) draught/draft scale ~ de serviciu - back stairs ~ grafica - (a hdrtii) graphic scale ~ ierarhica - scale of ranks, hierarchy ~ mobila - (de venituri, cheltuieli) sliding scale ~ rulanta - rolling/moving stairway scadea v.t. 1. (cifre) to subtract, to figure out; (pretui) to mark down 2. (a reduce, a micsora, a diminua) to lessen, to diminish, to lower v.i. to diminish, to decrease; (despre preturi, tarife) to lower, to fall, to decline, to go down, to sag, to sink, to weaken; (despre incasdri, profituri) to fall off;

(despre cursuri bursiere) to trade down, to slump scadere s.f. 1. (de cifre) subtraction 2. (reducere, micsorare, diminuare) reduction, diminution, lowering, decrease, decline; (a activitdtii eco- nomice) downturn, downswink ~ a cifrei de afaceri - reduction in turnover ~ a cursului - (bur.) (care urmeazd unei perioade de cresteri) setback; (bruscd) slump ~ a preturilor - decline in prices, markdown ~ accentuata a preturilor - (bur.) sliding trend ~ u§oara a preturilor - slight decline in prices ~ vertiginoasa a preturilor - collapse of prices scazut adj. (despre pretiiri, tarife) low, weak schela s.f. (sondd) oil derrick; (santier) oilfield schema s.f. 1. diagram, chart, scheme, schedule 2. (de personal) establishment, table of functions and wages ~ a oportunitatilor de investitii -(grafic al oportunitatilor de investitii ale firmei clasate in ordinea ratei rentabilitdtii proiectelor) investment opportunity schedule ~ de incarcare - loading chart, scheme of loading ~ de stivuire - stowage diagram schimb s.n. 1. exchange; (troc) truck; (barter) barter 2. (de lucru) shift ~ de actiuni - (mire doud sau mai multe companii care fuzioneaza) exchange of shares

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SCH-SCR 311 ~ de dupa-amiaza - afternoon/swing shift ~ de experienta - exchange/pooling/ sharing of experience ~ de instrumente de ratificare - exchange of ratifications ~ de lucru - working shift ~ de lucru divizat - (in dona sau mai multe ture pentru a acoperi orele de vdrf) split shift ~ de marfuri - exchange of goods/ commodities ~ de noapte - night shift ~ de seara - twilight shift ~ de zi - day shift ~ dublu - (cu efectiv dublu) double shift ~ financiar de creante - (cedarea unor creante, detinute de o banca, in schimbul unui alt activ; schimbarea unei creante dintr-o anumitd valuta in altd valuta; transformarea unei datorii cu dobdndd fixd intr-o datorie cu dobdndd variabila) swap ~ in natura - (troc) swap, swapping ~ la paritate - exchange at parity ~ valutar - foreign exchange ~ valutar direct - (intre doud tdri, valuta uneia fund cotatd in raport cu valuta celeilalte tdri) direct exchange ~ valutar indirect - (intre doud tdri, folosindu-se valuta unei a treia tdri) indirect exchange schimba v.t. 1. to change; (a inlocui) to replace; (a modified} to modify, to alter, to shift; (a face schimb de) to exchange 2. (bani) to change; (bani in unitdti subdivizionare) to break; (a convert!) to convert

schimbare s.f. changing; change; exchange; modification, alteration, shift ~ a preturilor - variation of prices ~ a unui produs vechi cu unul nou - (cumpdrarea unui automobil, a unui frigider etc. nou prin restituirea celui vechi firmei care l-a produs si achi- tarea unei diferente de pret) trade-in ~ in continutui unei functii - shift in the function scoate v.t. 1. to take/to draw/to pull out 2. (din Idzi, cutii) to uncase, to unbox 3. (un certificat, un act) to take out 4. (a cdstiga, a obtine) to get, to obtain ~ bani de la banca - to draw money (from a bank) ~ castiguri mari de pe urma - to derive large profits from ~ din doc - to undock ~ din functiune - to disable; {un utilaj, o instalatie) to shut down ~ din vama - to clear through the customs a-$i ~ cheltuielile - to cover one's expenses scont5\/2. discount ~ comercial - bank/banker's discount sconta v.t. to discount, to take on discount scontare s.f. (pperatiune prin care banca il crediteazd pe posesorul unui efect de corner} nescadent cu valoarea netd a acestuia, prelevdnd dobdnda ^i comisionul aferent transferului de creanta) discount scontator^.m. discounter scop s.n. goal, aim, purpose scriptic adj. on the staff scrisoare s.f letter

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312 SCR-SCU ~ cu semnaturile autorizate - mandate form ~ cu valoare declarata - insured/value letter ~ de acordare a dreptului de retentie -(dr.) letter of lien ~ de apel - (adresatd unui actionar pentru a plati actiunile detimite) call letter ~ de avizare - letter of advice, advice note ~ de cerere de informatii sau de oferta - letter of inquiry ~ de cerere de subscriere la actiuni - letter of application ~ de confirmare - follow-up letter ~ de credit - letter of credit ~ de credit anticipate - anticipatory letter of credit ~ de credit circulara - circular letter of credit ~ de credit comerciala - commercial letter of credit ~ de credit de calatorie - traveller's letter of credit ~ de credit deschisa/fara conditii - open letter of credit ~ de depunere - (ca garantie) letter of deposit ~ de gaj - letter of hypothecation ~ de garantie - (a rnarfii) letter of indemnity, backward/back letter; (a navel) letter of guarantee ~ de garantie a incarcatorului - shipper's guarantee ~ de garantie bancara de executare - (ci contractului) performance/contract bond ~ de garantie vamala - (pentru platu taxelor vamale de import) customs bond

~ de intentie - letter of intent ~ de msotire - covering letter ~ de numire - (intr-un post) letter of appointment ~ de preocupare - (trimisa de banca unui client cu dificultdti fmanciare) letter of concern ~ de rapel/revenire - letter of reminder ~ de recomandare - letter of introduction/recommendation ~ de renuntare - (la atribuirea de actiuni) letter of renunciation ~ de sprijin/recomandare - (pentru obtinerea unui imprumuf) letter of comfort ~ de scuze - (pentru respingerea cereru de subscriere la actiuni) letter of regret ~ de trasura - (contract pentru transportui de mdrfuri) consignment note, waybill ~ tnchisa - sealed letter ~ neconfirmata - unacknowledged letter ~ nedatata - undated letter ~ recomandata - registered letter; {SUA) certified mail ~ returnata §i neinmanata expeditorului - dead letter ~ - tip - set form of a letter scrisori de acreditare - letters of credence scump adj. expensive, dear scumpete s.f. expensiveness, costliness, deamess, dearth scumpi v.t. to raise/to put up the price of v.r. to grow/to get dearer, to rise/to increase/to advance/to go up in price

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SCU-SEC 313 scurgere s.f. 1. (printr-o crdpdturd, spartura) leakage, leaking; flowing, wastage 2. (a capitalului) efflux ~ accidentals — (cu efect poluant) accidental leakage, spillage ~ de marfa - cargo leaking ~ din sac - leakage from bag scuti v.t. to exempt; (a exonera) to exonerate; (de o sarcind, o obligatie etc.) to privilege; (de impozite partial sau total} to derate scutire s.f. exemption; (exonerare) exoneration; (de taxe, impozite etc.) immunity; (de impozite partial sau total) derating ~ de impozite - exemption from taxation, freedom from tax, tax exemption ~ de taxe vamale - exemption from duty scutit adj. exempt (from), free (of) ~ de chirie sau arenda - rent-free, free of rent ~ de impozite - tax-exempt/-free ~ de impunere - exempt from taxation ~ de navlu - (mar.) free of freight ~ de taxe postale - post-free ~ de taxe vamale - duty-free, free of duty secara s.f. rye secatui v.t. to exhaust, to deplete; (a sdrdci) to impoverish sechestra v.t. (dr.) to sequester, to sequestrate, to distrain, to seize, to attach; (o navd) to arrest sechestru s.n. sequester, sequestration, distraint, distrainment, seizure, garnishment, attachment; (asupra navel) arrest ~ asigurator - conservative seizure

~ asupra bunurilor imobiliare -seizure of real estate/property ~ asupra bunurilor mobiliare -seizure of movable property ~ executor - execution ~ in revendicare - seizure under a prior claim ~ judiciar - seizure under legal process a pune- pe - to levy/to lay a distraint upon a scoate de sub ~ - to replevy secret adj. secret; confidential s.n. secret; secrecy ~ bancar - banking secrecy ~ comercial/industrial - trade secret ~ profesional - professional secret secretar.s-.rn. secretary ~ de redactie - editorial secretary ~ de stat - Secretary of State ~ general - Secretary-General ~ particular - personal/private secretary ~ responsabil cu clasarea docu-mentelor - filing clerk ~ responsabil cu corespondenta -correspondence clerk secretariat s.n. 1. (serviciu, birou) secretariat 2. (functie) secretaryship sector s.n, 1. sector; department 2. district ~ corporativ/al corporatiilor - (in economic) corporate sector ~ de servicii - service department ~ economic cheie - key sector of the economy ~ institutional - (totalul unitdtilor economice sau institutionale care an un comportament analog) institutional sector

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314 SEC-SEM ~ mixt - (in care se combind pro- prietatea publicd cu cea privata) mixed sector ~ petrolifer - oil area/land/zone ~ privat - private sector ~ public/de stat - public sector sectie s.f. 1. section; department; division 2. (intr-o uzind) workshop ~ de politic - police station ~ de productie/exploatare - production/operations department ~ de votare - polling station ~ financiara - tax administration, taxation authorities ~ postuniversitara - (pentru doctoral) graduate school securitate s.f. safety, security ~ a muncii - labour safety ~ alimentara - food security ~ sociala - social security sediu s.n. (al unei firme) office; {central) headquarters ~ central/principal - headquarters, head/home office; (al unui holding) group headquarters ~ social - registered office segment s.n. segment ~ de piata - market share segmentare s.f. segmentation ~ a pietei - market segmentation ~ concentrata - (marketingul niselor de piata, identificarea si exploatarea unui segment ingust de piata) concentrated segmentation seif s.n. safe (deposit), strongbox, vault, coffer ~ de noapte - (seif cu usa amplasatd pefatada exterioard a unei band, unde clientii pot veni sa-si depoziteze nume- rarul in afara orelor de program ale bdncii) night safe

selectare s.f. (a celei mat bune alternative) (man.) screening selectie s.f. selection, choice ~ de portofoliu - portfolio selection ~ ponderata - balanced sample semana v.t. to sow, to seed; (in randuri) to drill semanatoare s.f. sowing machine semicalificat adj. semiskilled semicontainer s.n. (pentru mdrfuri in vrac) half-height container ~ deschis/fara capac - half-height/ open-top container semifabricat adj. semifinished, semimanufactured s.n. pi. semifinished/ half-finished/unfinished goods/products, intermediate goods/ products semipreparate s.n. pi. (culinare) ready-to-cook foods semna v.t. 1. to sign, to subscribe 2. (transferul sau renuntarea la o pro-prietate) to sign away ~ in alb - to sign in blank ~ in condica - (la intrarea in serviciu) to sign in; (la iesirea din serviciu) to sign off ~ in mod solidar - to sign jointly ~ in numele cuiva - to sign on behalf of smb. ~ pe verso - to endorse ~ prin procura - to sign per proxy semnat adj. signed ~ personal/man u propria — signed personally/in own hand semnatar adj. signatory s.m. signer. signatory, subscriber semnatura s.f. signature ~ autorizata - authorized signature ~ colectiva -joint signature ~ de complezenta - bogus signature

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SEM-SER 315 ~ falsa - forged signature ~ ilizibila/indescifrabila - illegible signature ~ in alb - blank signature ~ neautorizata - unauthorized signature ~ originala - authograph ~ prin procura - signature by procuration/proxy ~ sociala - signature of the firm sentinta s.f, (a jiidecdtorului) judgement, sentence, decision, decree; (a juratilor) verdict; (a unui arbitru) award ~ de amanare - adjournment ~ de desistare - judgement upon withdrawal of suit ~ de jurisdictie contecioasa - sentence in disputed matters ~ de rejudecare/trimitere - remand ~ definitiva/executorie - final judgement ~ civila -judgement in civil matters ~ in contumacie - judgement by default ~ irevocabila - decree absolute ~ in favoarea reclamantului - judgement for the plaintiff ~ penala -judgement in criminal case ~ provizorie/interlocutorie - interlocutory judgement a da o ~ - to pass/to give/to deliver a sentence; (de arbitral) to make an award serie s.f. 1. series 2. (set) set ~ de cambii - set of bills of exchange ~ de conosamente - set of bills of lading series adj. (despre o sitiiatie, o ches- tiune) serious, grave; (despre o per- soana) serious-minded; (despre un

cumpdrdtor) genuine; (despre o oferta) bona-fide... servi v.t. (un client) to serve, to attend to, to wait on serviciu s.n. 1. service; job, employment; (pbligatie de serviciu) duty 2. (ingrijire, servire, deservire) attendance 3. (sectie) department 4. (facut cuiva) service rendered 5. (de obiecte) set, service ~ al datoriei externe - (totalitatea obligatiilor de, platd externe, derivate din datoria externa, pe parcursul unui an) foreign debt service ~ al datoriei publice - (totalitatea obligatiilor de platd ale debitorilor publici, decurgand din datoria ptiblicd, pe parcursul unui an) public debt service ~ comercial/de vanzari - sales department ~ consultativ - advisory service ~ contabil - accounting/accounts department ~ contractual - contract service ~ cu norma intreaga - full-time job/ employment/work ~ cu norma partiala/program redus - part-time job/employment/work ~ de aprovizionare-desfacere - supply-delivery service ~ de camera - (intr-un hotel) room service ~ de cercetare - research department ~ de consultants manageriala - (serviciu intern al unei firme) management sei"vices ~ de contencios - legal department ~ de corespondenta - correspondence department ~ de credite - credit department

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316 SER-SEZ ~ de decontare a cecurilor - (serviciu bancar) transit department '- de expeditii - dispatch/forwarding department ~ de Tncasari - collection department ~ de intretinere - repair/maintenance service, service agreement ~ de medicina muncii - occupational health sendee ~ de mesagerie - parcel delivery/post/ service; (SUA) expressage ~ de personal - personnel/staff/ appointments department ~ de publicitate - advertising/publicity department ~ de reclamatii - complaint section ~ de reconciliere a conturilor - (cu evidentele clientului unei band) account reconcilement service - de ridicare si livrare la domiciliu - collection and deliver}' ~ de scont - discount department ~ de stivuire - stevedore service ~ de transport - transport service ~ ,,din usa in usa" - {serviciu de livrare a marfii pand la fiecare destinatar) door-to-door service ~ financiar - finance department

hidrografic - hydrographic department/'service/office ~ meteorologic - weather service - periferic - (care este oferit pe Idiiga serviciile bancare de baza fird comision) peripheral sendee ~ permanent - regular employment ~ postvanzare/de intretinere - after- -sales service ~ postal - mail/postal service ~ sezonier - seasonal employment ~ social - social service ~ statistic - statistical department

~ tehnic - engineering department ~ telefonic - telephone service ~- valutar - exchange department servicii bancare - banking services ~ bancare la domiciliu - (sistem de tranzaclii bancare prin computerul personal conectat la reteaua bancil) home banking ~ bancare principale/de baza - basic banking ~ comerciale - commercial services ~ de asistenta medicala - health service ~ directe — (altele deceit cele comerciale, mdeplinite de medici, avocati, functionari etc.} direct services ~ edilitare/municipale - social overheads ~ publice - public utilities ~ regulate - scheduled services servieta s.f. portfolio; (diplomat} attache case; (pentru documente, de avocat) briefcase servitor.9. m. servant, attendant servitute s.f. (dr.) servitude, easement sets.n. set ~ de cambii - set of bills of exchange ~ de conosamente - set of bills of lading ~ de oportunitate - (toate datele risc--rentabilitate referitoare la o investitie) (fin.) opportunity set ~ de scule - tool kit/outfit/set sezons.n. season '" de navigatie - navigation/shipping season ~ de pescuit - fishing season ~ deschis - (de vanatoare, pescuit) open season ~ mort - dead/'slaclc/dull/iow season, off-season/-time

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SEZ-SIN 317 ~ plin/de varf - rush/peak/throng season ~ turistic - high season sezonier adj. seasonal sfarsit5./i. end; (mcetare) cessation ~ al exercitiului nnanciar - end of the financial year ~ de luna - (corn., bur.) ultimo sfera s.f. (domeniu) sphere, field, domain ~ a afacerilor - sphere/line of business ~ de activitate - sphere/field of activity, branch ~ de influenta - sphere of influence ~ de productie - sphere/field of production, output area sfert s.n. quarter; (de pintu, iincie etc.) quartern ~ de dolar - (american sou Canadian, monedd de 25 de centi) quarter ~ de galon — (imitate de mdsurd pentru capacitate) quart siderurgie s.f. metallurgy of iron and steel sigila v.t. (cu plumb de garantie) to seal sigiliu s.n. (plombd/plumb de garantie) seal ~ vamal - customs seal sigur adj. 1. (in sigurantd) secure, safe 2. (de incredere) reliable, trustworthy 3. (cu acoperire din punct de vedere financiar) copper-bottomed siguranta s.f. safety, security ~ a locului de munca -job security ~ In exploatare - operating safety/ reliability si\ozs.n. (grain) silo silvic adj. forest... silvicultor s.m. silviculturist, sylviculturist, forester

silvicultura s.f. silviculture, sylviculture, forestry simbol^.M. symbol ~- de status — (simbol al pozitiei ocupate de o persoand sau un grup in societate) status symbol simulare s.f. simulation ~ a modelelor econometrice -simulation of econometric models ~ de management - management game ~ de roluri - (man.) dramatization sindical adj. 1. trade-union... 2. (patronal) syndical(ist), syndicalistic sindicalism s.n. 1. trade unionism 2. (patronal) syndicalism ~ de sistem - (conceptie sindicald de a accepta si de a sustine sistemul capitalist, lupta sindicalelor limitdndu-se la imbundtdtirea conditiilor de mimed si de viatd) (SUA) business unionism sindicalist s.m. 1. trade unionist 2. (patronal syndicalist sindicaliza v.r. 1. to form a trade-union organization 2. (a se uni intr-un sindicat patronal) to syndicate sindicatj'./?. 1. (trade) union; organized labour 2. (patronal) syndicate ~ al asiguratorilor de caric - cargo syndicate ~ al feroviarilor - (SUA) railway brotherhood ~ al meseriasilor/muncitorilor din aceeasi specialitate - craft union ~ arbitrajist - arbitrage syndicate ~ bancar - banking syndicate ~ controlat de patronat - company union ~ de asiguratori maritimi - marine syndicate ~ de credit - loan syndicate

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318 SIN-SIS ~ de/pe ramura - industrial union ~ de subscriere - (alcatuit din band si sodetdti de investitii pentru a acoperi riscul asocial lansarii si distribuirii unei emisiuni de titluri de valoare) underwriting syndicate ~ de subscriere a unei emisiuni de obligatiuni - bond syndicate ~ deschis - (care nil impune conditii restrictive pentru primirea de not membri) open trade union ~ galben - (care sustine patronatui) yellow trade union ~ inchis - (care impune conditii restrictive pentru primirea de noi membri) closed trade union ~ patronal - syndicate, employers' association ~ pe societate - company union ~ profesional - trade/trading association sinecura s.f. sinecure sinecurist-y.w. sinecurist sista v.t. (livrari, plati etc.) to cease, to suspend, to stop, to withhold ~ livrarea - to stop delivery ~ un ordin de plata/un cec - to stop payment/a cheque sistem^.n. system ~ al economiei de comanda - command economy system ~ al economiei de piata - market economy system ~ al economiei nationale - national economy system ~ al marii proprietati funciare - landlordism - bancar - banking system ~ bancar cu activitate corespondenta - correspondence banking

~ bancar dual - (cu reglementdri federale si de stat) (SUA) dual banking system ~ bancar fractionar - (prin care handle mentin rezervele proprii la un procent fix din depozitele clientilor) fractional (deposit) banking ~ bancar unitar - (in care nu se admit filial e) unit banking ~ contabil - accounting system ~ contabil fara registre - ledgerless accounting, file posting ~ contabil uniform - uniform system of accounts ~ cooperatist - cooperative system ~ de acte justificative - voucher system ~ de alimentare cu apa - waterworks ~ de calcul - computing system ~ de clasare/clasificare - filing system ~ de cliring - clearing system ~ de comenzi in cantitati fixe - fixed order system ~ de comenzi la intervale fixe -fixed interval reorder system ~ de depozitare - warehousing system ~ de economisire din salariu - (prin care se scade regulat o suma de bani din salariu) save-as-you-eam scheme ~ de evidenta a intrarilor - (cont.) book entry system ~ de exploatare - operating system ~ de exploatare intensive - speed-up system ~ de livrari complexe - (materiale, servicii, consultants) package system ~ de munca bazata pe prime - work--on-the-bonus system ~ de munca in acord - piece rate system

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SIS-SIT 319 ~ de plata in alimente - tommy system ~ de prelucrare automata a datelor - automatic data processing system ~ de preturi comune - common prices system ~ de prevederi sociale - provident scheme ~ de prevenire timpurie - (sistem de identificare a institutiilor financiare care pot da faliment) early warning system ~ de previzionare si control al stocurilor - forecasting and control system ~ de prime - bonus scheme ~ de salarizare - wage system ~ de salarizare cu prime - premium wage system ~ de salarizare pe baza de norme zilnice - measured day work ~ de salarizare pentru munca in acord - task system of pay ~ de vanzari cu plata in rate - installment plan/system, budget account ~ economic - economic system ~ economic capitalist - capitalist economic system ~ fiscal -'tax system ~ flexibil al programului de munca - flexible hours system ~ informatic de gestiune management information system ~ metric - metric system ~ monetar - monetary system, coinage ~ monetar decimal - decimal coinage ~ monetar unificat - unified monetary system ~ stimulativ - (plan de stimulare in salarizare) incentive scheme

~ tabular - tabulating system ~ tarifar - tariff/rating system, rates schedule ~ vamal protectionist - protective system ~ zecimal - (de unitati de masurd) decimal system ~ zonal de preturi - zone price plan sistematiza v.t. to systematize sistematizare s.f. 1. systematization 2. (urband) town planning situatie s.f. 1. (stare) situation, condition, position 2. (raport, dare de seamd) report; account; (cont.) statement ~ a activului si a pasivului - (cont.) statement of assets and liabilities ~ a cheltuielilor - account of expenses ~ a cheltuielilor de exploatare - (cont.) operating statement ~ a costurilor - (cont.) statement of costs ~ a pietei - condition of the market ~ a veniturilor - (cont.) income statement ~ anuala - (a unei societdti, cerutd de registrul comerfului) annual return - concurentiala - competitive situation ~ critica - emergency, case of emergency ~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) general average condition ~ de casa - (cont.) cash statement ~ financiara - financial position; (cont.) financial statement ~ financiara certificata - (de un contabil autorizaf) certified financial statement ~ materiala buna - competence

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320 SIT-SOC ~ sociala - social condition, status, standing ~ solida — (din punct de vedere financial') strong position situatii financiare consolidate - (cont.) consolidated financial statements, group accounts slab adj. (despre activitdti economice) slack; (despre piatd etc.) weak slogan s.n. (publicitar) slogan, catchphrase slujba s.f. job, employment, service, post a detine o ~ - to hold a situation, to fill a post a solicita o ~ - to apply/to compete for a post a-si lasa slujba - to leave one's post, to resign one's office slumpflatie s.f. (inflatie insotitd de depresiune economicd) slumpflation social adj. social ~ -democrat - social democrat ~ -democratic - social democracy socialism s.n. socialism ~ corporatist - guild socialism ~ stiintific - scientific socialism ~ utopic - Utopian socialism socialist adj., s.m. socialist societar^.m. (full) member, associate societate s.f. 1. society; (asociatie) association 2. (comerciald) company; firm, business; {corporate) corporation ~ capitalists - capitalist society ~ care practica afaceri riscante - wildcat company ~ care produce pierderi - loss maker ~ comerciala - (trading) company; firm, business ~ comunista - communist society

~ -conglomerat - conglomerate company ~ constituita prin fuziune - merger company ~ controlata de o singura persoana - one-man company ~ cooperatista - cooperative society ~ cotata/listata - (bur.) listed company ~ cu raspundere limitata - limited (-liability) company ~ cu raspundere nelimitata - unlimited company ~ cu sucursale multiple - chain company ~ de ajutor reciproc - mutual benefit society ~ de asigurari - insurance company ~ de asigurari de viata - life assurance/insurance company ~ de asigurari maritime - marine insurance company, underwriting association ~ de binefacere - friendship/friendly society ~ de clasificare - (a navelor) ship's register, registry of shipping, classification society ~ de constructii navale - shipbuilding company ~ de consum - consumption-society ~ de credit - (care finanteazd achizitionarea de bunuri cu plata in rate) (sales) finance company/house, hire-purchase company; (cu fonduri constituite din vdrsdmintele membrilor) loan club/society ~ de credit agricol - rural credit society ~ de credit comercial - commercial credit company

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SOC-SOL 321

~ de credit ipotecar - {care acordd imprumuturi pentru ciimpdrarea sail construirea de locuinte) building society/and loan association ~ de depozite - {de mdrfuri) warehouse company ~ de finantare - (a intreprinderilor mid si mijiocii) finance company ~ de investitii financiare - unit/security trust, paper/trust company, investment (trust) company ~ de investitii financiare flexibile/ generale - (in orice sector) flexible trust, general management trust ~ de investitii financiare intr-un sector fix/limitat - fixed trust ~ de leasing - leasing company ~ de servicii publice - public utility company ~ de transport - transport/carrying company, carrier ~ de transport de mobila - furniture removers ~ -fantoma - bubble company ~ fara scop lucrativ - nonprofit company ~ fictiva - bogus company; (societate neoperantd, infiintatd cu scopiil de a ft vdndutd) shell company ~ -fiica - (filiala a uniii holding) daughter company ~ internationala - international company ~ in comandita - sleeping/limited partnership, sleeping partners company ~ in comandita pe actiuni - partnership limited by shares ~ in nume colectiv - general/ordinary partnership, partnership firm ~ in participate - particular partnership

~ inchisa - (controlata de cinci sail mat putini actionari) close(d) company ~ infimtata prin decret regal - chartered company ~ -mama - parent company ~ mixta -joint venture ~ multinationals - multinational corporation ~ necotata/nelistata - (bur.) unlisted company ~ pe actiuni - joint-stock company; {SUA) corporation ~ pentru acordarea de credite consumatorilor/persoanelor fizice - consumer finance company ~ publica - public company ~ radiata - defunct company - -sora - (apartinand acehiiasi holding) sister company socioeconomic adj. socioeconomic sociology, m. sociologist sociologie s.f. sociology socoteala s.f. 1. counting, calculation, computation; account 2. (Jdcturd, nota de plata) account, bill, check soi s.n. 1. (fel) kind, sort; category, grade; (calitate) quality 2. (specie) species; (rasa) breed; (rasd de vite ameliorata) grade sol s.n. soil; land ~ arabil - tillable soil ~ fertil - rich/fertile soil ~ marginal — (a cdrui productie este egald cu investitiile /acute) marginal land sola s.f. crop in rotation sold s.n. 1. (cont.) balance 2. {corn.) surplus stock, residue; pi. sale/reduced goods, job line/lot ~ al contului curent - current balance

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322 SOL-SON ~ al extrasului de cont - statement balance ~ creditor - credit balance, balance in/on hand ~ de beneficiu - profit balance ~ de casa - cash balance ~ de numerar pentru tranzactii - transaction balance ~ de numerar preventiv - (numerar pastrat pentru cheltuieli neprevdzute) precautionary balance ~ debitor - debit balance, balance due ~ final - statement balance ~ inactiv - dormant balance ~ initial - opening balance ~ in banca - bank balance - nedebursat - undisbursed balance ~ net - net balance ~ nul - nil balance ~ reportat - balance brought forward -- speculativ - (sold de numerar pastrat pentru a permite unei firme sd profite de orice oportunitate) speculative balance solda v.t. 1. (un cont) to balance, to settle 2. (mdrfuri) to clear, to sell off, to close out soldare s.f. 1. (a unui cont) balancing, settlement 2. (de. mdrfuri) clearance, clearing-out sale, closeout, bargain sale; (de cdrti) remainder sale; (de cupoane de stofa) remnant sale ~ la sfarsit de sezon - end-of-season sale solda s.f. (military) pay solicita v.t. to solicit, to demand, to^ request, to require, to ask/to apply fy; (despdgubiri) to claim; (voturi) /to canvass for

solicitant s.m. petitioner, applicant, solicitant; (de despdgubiri, reclamant) claimer, claimant solicitare s.f. solicitation, demand, request, requirement, application; (de despdgubiri) claim; (de voturi) canvassing ~ de achitare a actiunilor - call on shares solid adj. (sigur, solvabil; despre o firmd) sound; (CM acoperire din punct de vedere financiar) copper-bottomed solidar adj. joint; (rdspunzdtor, pasibiT) liable adv. jointly ~ si individual - (dr.) joint(ly) and several(ly) solidaritate s.f. (dr.) joint responsibility solutiona v.t. to solve, to settle ~ un litigiu pe cale amiabila - to settle a dispute amicably solvabil adj. solvent, solvable, trustworthy, sound, able to pay ~ pana la suma de - safe for a credit of solvabilitate s.f. solvency, trustworthiness, creditworthiness, paying capacity soma v.t. to summon; (un debitor) to call on/upon somatic s.f. summons, writ; (formald) notice /de evacuare - notice to quit de infatisare - (la proces) summons to appear

~ de plata - notice to pay; (a unei rate. scadente) call somptuar adj. sumptuary sondaj s.n. survey; (e^antionare) sampling ~ de opinie - opinion poll

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SON-SPE 323 a realiza un ~ de piata - to undertake a survey/study of the market sonda s.f. (oil) derrick; (foraj) well ~ de exploatare - development well ~ de explorare - test well/hole, prospecting hole, wildcat well ~ de foraj - drill/bore hole ~ de gaze - gasser ~ de titei - oil well sorta v.t. to sort, to assort; (dupa mdrime, dimensiune) to size, to grade sortabil adj. sortable sortare s.f. sorting; (dupa mdrime, dimensiune) sizing, grading ~ a marfurilor dupa marcile de pe ambalaj - sorting by marks ~ a marfurilor la destinatie - sorting by consignee sortator.y.w. sorter sortiment s.n. sort, assortment, range (of goods/commodities) ~ de esantionare - variety of patterns ~ variat - varied selection lines sosire s.f. arrival ~ cu incarcatura - (cu plinurile consumate) (mar.} loaded arrival ~ in balast - (mar.} ballast arrival ~ in bune conditii - (a navei) safe arrival ~ probabila - (a navei) expected arrival sosiri si plecari - (c.f.) arrivals and departures; (mar.) arrivals and sailings spargere s.f. 1. breaking, breakage 2. (furt prin efractie) burglary, housebreaking, burglarious attempt spatiu s.n. space ~ comercial - (la parterul unei cladiri) floor space; (de expunere a produselor intr-un magazin) shelf space; (SUA) commercial precint

~ de depozitare - storage space ~ de descarcare/deversare - waste area ~ de incarcare - (mar.) cargo/loading space, shipping room/space ~ de incarcare pe punte - (mar.) deck-cargo space ~ de stivuire - stowage space ~ deductibil - (spatiu impropriu incdrcdrii de marfd) (mar.) deductible space ~ economic - economic space ~ frigorific - refrigerating space ~ gol/necompletat - blank ~ liber/neincarcat - open space ' ~ locativ - living space '- mort/nefolosit/pierdut - (prin stivuire necorespunzdtoare) broken stowage, lost/waste space ~ pentru marfuri - (pe navd) cargo/ freight space spatii nedestinate pasagerilor si marfurilor - (mar.) noneaming spaces spalare s.f. laundering, washing ~ de bani - money laundering/washing ~ de obligatiuni - (vdnzarea obliga-tiunilor guvernamentale cu putin timp inainte de scadentd pentru a evitaplata impozitelor) bondwashing spargator s.m. (care comite flirt prin efractie) burglar, housebreaker ~ de greva - strikebreaker, blackleg, yellow labour special adj. 1. special, particular 2. (despre rata unei dobdnzi, care este diferitd de cele practicate curent pe piata) off-market specialist s.m. specialist, expert, consultant

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324 SPE-SPE ~ compensator - (specialist in rezol- varea cererilor de despdgubire) (asig.) adjuster ~ in analiza muncii -job analyst ~ in operatii de arbitraj - arbitrageur ~ in sondaje de opinie - pollster specialitate s.f. 1. (domeniu principal de activitate) speciality 2. (produs principal) special(i)ty specializa v.t., v.r. {in) to specialize (in) specializare s.f. specialization ~ excesiva/ingusta - specialism ~ internationala a economiilor nationale - international specialization of the national economies specifica v.t. 1. to specify, to particularize 2. (afixa data, pretui etc.) to name 3. (a mentiona intr-un contract) to set forth 4. (pe puncte) to itemize 5. (un cont) to itemize, to detail specificatie s.f. 1. specification 2. (lista) list ~ a conditiilor contractuale - the specification of contract terms ~ a incarcaturii - freight note ~ de greutate - (in documentele de transport) weight account/note ~ de lipsuri la predare - (despre mar/a) list of shortage specificatii standard - standard specifications ~ tehnice - technical specifications ~ tehnice pentru protectia muncii -safety specifications specimen s. n. specimen ~ de semnatura - specimen of signature, autograph/sample signature specula v.t. 1. (marfuri) to speculate in 2. (a profita de) to profiteer by v.i. (la

bursd) to play the market, to stag, to speculate on the stock exchange ~ a la baisse - (bur.) to speculate/to operate for a fall, to go a bear ~ a la hausse - (bur.) to speculate/to operate for a rise, to go a bull ~ asupra diferentelor de curs - (bur.) to speculate in differences speculant s.m. speculator, profiteer, racketeer, wildcatter ~ a la baisse - (care mizeazd pe scdderea cursiirilor) (bur.) bear ~ a la baisse cu acoperire - (care detine suficiente actiuni pentru a-si indeplini obligatiile, nefiind obligat sd cumpere pe o piatd in crestere) (bur.) covered bear ~ a la hausse - (care mizeazd pe cresterea ciirsurilor) {bur.) bull ~ de bilete — (la cinema, competitii sportive) ticket tout ~ la bursa - player, stag, stock adventurer ~ pe piata neagra - black marketeer speculativ adj. speculative speculatie s.f. speculation; (agiotaj) agiotage ~ a la baisse - (bur.) bear speculation/ campaign/raid/tack ~ a la hausse - {bur.) bull speculation/ campaign ~ valutara bazata pe diferenta de curs - switch deal/transaction speculate de destabilizare a pietei - (bur.) tampering with the market specula s.f. speculation, profiteering, open trade speranta s.f. (asteptare) expectation, expectancy ~ de viata - life expectancy

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SPE-STA ~ medie de viata - average life expectancy speze s.f. pi. charges, expenses ~ bancare - banking charges ~ de depozitare - storing charges, yardage ~ de inmagazinare - warehouse/ warehousing charges ~ de intretinere - maintenance charges ~ de transport - transport charges ~ la destinatar - charges forward ~ restante - back charges ~ suplimentare - additional charges, extras spionaj s.n. espionage, spying ~ industrial - industrial espionage/ spying spirala s.f. spiral ~ inflationista - inflationary spiral ~ salarii - preturi - wage-price spiral sponsor s.m. sponsor sponsoriza v.t. to sponsor sponsorizare s.f. sponsorship spor^.n. increment; increase ~ de fidelitate - senionty wages ~ de periclitate - bonus for special risk, danger money ~ de salariu - wage increase ~ de salariu descrescand - tapered salary increase ~ de salariu in treptc stepped salary increase ~ de salariu pentru corelarea veril- turilor cu evolutia indicelui costulul vietii - cost-of-living bonus ~ de salami peiitru vecltiine in serviciu - service increment ~ temporar - transitory increase spori v.t. to increase, to step up

spot s.n. 1. (anunt publicitar la radio si televiziune) spot announcement/ broadcast 2. (marfa disponibild/cu livrare imediata) spot sprijin s.n. support; (ajutor) aid, assistance; (recomandare) comfort; (fmanciar) backing stabil adj. stable, firm, standing; (de duratd) durable, lasting; (permanent) permanent; (despre preturi) fixed, steady stabili v.t. 1. to set; to establish 2. (pretiil, data etc.) to settle, to fix, to state; (o data, o sarcind) to assign; (nn termen) to appoint; {reguli, principii) to lay down 3. (titrul unui metal pretios) to assay ~ cauza - to ascertain the cause of ~ conditii - to stipulate conditions/ terms ~ daune - to assess/to lay damages ~ o ora - to appoint an hour ~ ritmul de munca - to set the pace stabilire s.f. 1. setting; (a pretului, a datei) settlement, fixing; (a unei date, a unei sarcini) assignment; (a unui termen) appointment 2. (a titrului unui metal pretios) assay

a costului de productie al produsului - product costing ~ a nivelurilor de salarizare - setting of wage levels ~ a obiectivelor - goal setting - a politicii - policy formation ~ a pretului - pricing ~ a pretului de cost - costing; (in mtrcprifiderile profilai.e pe un singw tip de mafia) sing!e (output) costing - a pretuiui de cost marginal -marginal costing

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326 STA-STA ~ a pretului pe baza analizei pro- dusului - product analysis pricing ~ a pretului vizand atingerea profi- tului propus - target return pricing ~ a preturilor - price determination ~ a preturilor prin concurenta - competitive pricing ~ de preturi acaparatoare - (preturi scdzute initial pentru eliminarea concurenfei si instituirea monopolultii) predatory pricing ~ de preturi comune - (jJentru a evita concurenta) common pricing ~ de preturi diferentiate pe zone - zone pricing ~ de preturi duble - (pe etichctd, eel mat mare fund tdiat) (corn.) double pricing ~ de tip par-impar a preturilor - odd-even pricing stabilitate s.f. stability; (pe piata bursierd) doldrums ~ a preturilor - price stability ~ economica - economic stability stabiliza v.t. to stabilize; (cursuri, preturi) to peg; (fluctuatii, piata) to steady stabilizare s.f. stabilization; (de cursuri, preturi) pegging ~ a monedei - currency stabilization ~ a preturilor - price stabilization stabilizator s. m. {economic) stabilizer stabilizatori automati - automatic stabilizers stagflatie s.f. (situatie caracterizatd prin inflatie rapidd si prin lipsa de crestere economica) stagflation stagiar adj. of instruction, on probation s.m. probationer, improver stagiu s.n. \. (time of) probation 2. (de muncu) length of service

a-si face stagiul - to be on probation stagna v.i. (despre afaceri, activitdti economice) to stagnate, to slacken stagnant adj. stagnant, slack stagnare s.f. (economica, a afacerilor) stagnation, stagnancy, slackness; (inactivitate a pietei) dullness; (crizd economica) depression ~ a afacerilor - slack business/time ~ a comertului - stagnation/ suspension of trade ~ plus inflatie - (stagflatie) stagflation stalii s.f. pi. (zile afectate pentru mcdr-carea-descdrcarea unei nave comer-dale) laydays, laytime, lay/ laying/ ship's days ~ contractuale - fixed laydays ~ de incarcare fixe - loading days ~ ireversibile - irreversible laydays ~ reversibile - reversible laydays stand s.n. stall, stand ~ ambulant - fly pitch ~ de carti - bookstall, bookstand ~ expozitional - exhibition stand standard adj. standard; (fdrd comandd speciald; despre un produs) off-the--shelfj'.n. standard ~ de stat - state standard ~ de viata - living standard; (SUA) level of living standarde contabile - accounting standards ~ de credit - credit standards ~ nationale - national standards ~ publicitare - (ansamblu de norme etice si legale) advertising standards ~ tehnice - engineering standards ~ universale de intretinere - universal maintenance standards standardiza v.t. to standardize standai-dizare s.f. standardization

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STA-STA 327 ~ a activitatii -job standardization ~ industrials - industrial standardization stare s.f. 1. state, condition 2. (situatie sociala) social standing, status ~ a caricului/incarcaturii - condition of cargo ~ a continutului necunoscuta -(despre o mar/a ambalata) condition of contents unknown ~ avariata - (a mdrfii, a navei etc.) damaged condition ~ buna - (a mdrfurilor} sound condition ~ civila - civil status ~ de incarcare completa - (a navei) full-load condition ~ de incarcare la jumatate din capacitate - (a navei) half-cargo condition ~ de navigabilitate - (a unei nave maritime, fluviale) seaworthiness; (a unei aeronave) airworthiness ~ de suspendare - (dr.) abeyance ~ exterioara - {a mdrfii incdrcate) outer condition ~ necorespunzatoare de navigabilitate — (a unei nave maritime, fluviale) unseaworthiness; {a unei aeronave) unairworthiness ~ perfecta - prime condition ~ si conditie aparent bune - {despre mdrfurile incdrcate pe nave) apparent good order and condition stats.n. 1. state 2. list ~ corporatist - corporate state ~ cu marina comerciala dezvoltata -(care face transporturi pentru alte tdri) carrier nation

"- de functii/personal - staffing schedule, personal establishment; (SUA) tables of organization ~ de salarii - payroll, paylist, wages sheet ~ de serviciu - record of service ~ major - general staff; headquarters statui bunastarii - the welfare state ~ - providenta - the providential state statistic adj. statistic(al) adv. statistically statistics s.f. statistics ~ a grupelor de activitati - job classification statistics ~ a sperantei de viata - life tables ~ comerciala - trade statistics ~ comparata - comparative statistics ~ demografica - vital statistics ~ economica - economic statistics statistician s.m. statistician; (/a o societate de asigurdri) actuary status s.n. (stare/conditie sociala) status statut s.n. statute; rules, regulations; (al unei societdti) articles of association statutar adj. statutory static s.f. 1. station 2. (c.f.) (railway) station; (finala) terminus, terminal station; (de tramvai, autobuz) stop, stage; (de taxiuri) taxi rank ~ de benzina - petrol-filling station ~ de destinatie - station of destination ~ de emisie - transmitting station, transmitter ~ de marfuri - (c.f.) goods station ~ de radio - wireless/radio station ~ de triaj - (c.f) shunting/spotting station, (railway) yard ~ meteorologica - weather base/station ~ -nod - (c.f.) (railway) junction

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328 STA-STI statiune s.f. 1, station 2. (climaterica) resort ~ agricola - agricultural station ~ balneara - spa, watering place ~ de litoral/maritima - seaside/ bathing resort ~ de iarna - winter resort ~ de odihna/climaterica - holiday/ health resort ~ experimentala - experimental station stapani v.t. (a poseda. a define) to own, to possess, to hold stanjen s.m. (imitate de mdsur a pentru lungime} fathom stelaj s.n. 1. {pentru mar/a) rack(ing). rack stack 2. (pptiune dubid care da drept deopotrivd de cumpdrare si vdnzare) (bur.) straddle, double/put- -and-call option ~ mobil/demontabil - movable/ shifting rack sticlar s.m. 1. glass blower 2. (vdn- zdtor) dealer in glass 3. (geamgiu) glazier sticlarie s.f. 1. (fabricd) glass manufactory/house/works 2. (fabri- care) manufacture of glass 3. (articole) glassware stil s.n. style; (mod) manner, way ~ de conducere - management style ~ de viata — (corespunzdtor unui anumit segment de piata) life style stimula v.t. to stimulate, to dynamize, to push forward; (afacerile) to give a stimulus/fillip to stimulativ adj. incentive stimulent s.n. stimulus, fillip; (cointeresare materiald) incentive stimulente acordate pe grupe/echipe - group incentives

~ pentru export - export incentives ~ pentru vanzari - (pferite agentuliii de vdnzdri) sales incentives ~ salariale - wage incentives stinge v.t. 1. (o datorie) to extinguish, to pay off, to liquidate; (a amortiza tin impriimut) to sink; (o ipoteca) to redeem; (o obligatie) to terminate 2. (a anula) to annul, to cancel; (un proces, o actiune) to extinguish, to quash stingere s.f. 1. (a unei datorii) extinction, liquidation, quittance; (amortizare) sinking; (a unei ipoteci) redemption; (a unei obligatu) termination 2. (anulare) annullment, cancellation; (a unui proces, a unei actiuni) extinction ~ a datoriei nationale - extinction of the national debt stipendiu s.n. stipend stipula v.t. to stipulate, to provide (that/for), to condition, to covenant stipulatie s.f. stipulation, provision, condition stiva s.f. (de mar/a) stack, tier; pile stivui v.t. to stack; (pe randuri/siruri) to tier; to pile up; (mar.) to stow, to stevedore ~ in magazie - (in magazia navel) to stow down/the hold stivuire s.f. stacking; (pe randuri/ siruri) tiering; (manipulari maritime) stowage, stowing, stevedoring ~ a sacilor m picioare - pitching up ~ compacta - firm/tight stowage ~ corecta - correct/good/proper/sound stowage ~ defectuoasa/incorecta/ necorespun- zatoare - bad/faulty/ improper stowage ~ in cala/magazia inferioara - deep stowage

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ST1-STR 329 ~ pe punte - deck stowage ~ transversala - (pe Idtimea magaziei) athwartships stowage stivuitor 1. stacker; (mar.) stevedore, stower 2. (utilaj) stacker, lift; industrial truck ~ cu furca - fork-lift (stacker) ~ cu platforma de ridicare - platform truck lift ~ de paleti - pallet stacker ~ pe verticals - vertical stacker stoarcere s.f. squeeze ~ a profitului - profit squeeze stoc s.n. stock, stockpile, store, hoard, supply; (rezerva) reserve ~ ciclic - cycle stock ~ de capital - capital stock ~ de materiale - inventory ~ de marfuri - stock-in-trade, goods in stock, trading stock ~ de marfuri diverse - varied stock ~ de produse finite - finished goods inventory ~ de rezerva - reserve stock ~ disponibil - stock/supply on hand ~ excedentar/supranormativ overstock ~ insuficient - low stock ~ la inventariere - (cont.) closing stock ~ nevandabil - deadstock ~ nevandut - remainder, returns ~ - tampon/de siguranta - (stoc suplimentar pdstrat ca rezerva in caz de intdrziere a productiei, a Uvrdrilor etc.) buffer/safety stock, protective inventory stoca v.t. to stock, to stockpile, to store, to get in, to hoard strada s.f. street ~ comerciala - shopping street

strategic adj. strategic strategic s.f. strategy ~ a dezvoltarii - development strategy ~ a diferentierii produsului - product differentiation strategy ~ a segmentarii pietei - market segmentation strategy ~ a urmaritorului - {care o copiazd pe cea a companiilor-lider) (man.) follower strategy ~ alternativa/de inaintari si retrageri - push-and-pull strategy ~ comunicationala - (metode prin care comerciantii realizeazd comuni- carea cu pietele lor) communication strategy

corporativa/a corporatiei corporate strategy ~ de achizitii - acquisition strategy ~ de afaceri — business strategy ~ de dezvoltare a unui produs -product development - de finantare a creditelor cu depo- zite care au aceeasi scadenta - funds matching ~ de lupta impotriva concurentei - competitive strategy ~ de nisa - (pentrn abordarea unui segment mic de piata) niche strategy ~ de penetrare - (a unei piete) penetration strategy ~ de produs - product strategy ~ de promovare - (a unui produs) promotion strategy ~ de recoltare - (obtinerea profitului pe termen scurt rezultat din comercia- lizarea unui produs, inaintea retragerii acestuia de pe piata) harvesting strategy ~ economica - economic strategy

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STR-STU strain adj. (din altd tara) foreign, alien s.m. foreigner strange v.t. 1. (a adund) to gather (up), to amass, to hoard; (recolta) to harvest, to gather/to get in, to reap 2. (a economist} to lay/to put by 3. (a percepe impozite) to levy, to collect, to raise ~ bani - to make one's fortune structural adj. structural structure s.f. structure; pattern ~ a activelor - (fin.) asset structure ~ a capitalului - capital structure ~ a comertului exterior - foreign trade pattern ~ a costului - cost structure ~ a creditului - credit structure ~ a economiei nationale - national economy pattern ~ a flotei de transport - shipping pattern ~ a personalului - staff pattern ~ a pietei - market structure ~ a preturilor - price structure/pattern ~ a ratelor dobanzii in functie de scadenta - {raportui dintre randa- mentele si maturitdtile titlurilor de valoare) term structure of interest rates ~ a unei ramuri industriale - industry structure ~ a valorii de inventar - (ponderea componentelor capitalului in valoarea lui totald conform costului sdu istoric) (cont.) book value weights ~ a varstei - (angajatilor dintr-o firmd, un sector industrial etc.) age profile ~ bancara - (distributia bdncilor care opereazd pe o anumitd piatd in functie de numdr, amplasare si dimensiune) banking structure

~ de finantare/financiara - financial structure ~ functionala - (man.) functional structure ~ ierarhica - (man.) hierarchical structure ~ organizationala - (man.) organizational structure ~ piramidala/ierarhica - (man.) pyramiding structure studiu s.n. study; analysis, survey, examination; research ~ al amplasarii uzinei - plant layout study ~ al metodelor - (pentru obtinerea unei eficiente sporite si reducerea costurilor) methods study ~ al miscarilor - (pentru obtinerea randamentului maxim cu efort minim in procesul muncii) motion study ~ al preferintelor - (consumatorilor) habit survey ~ al timpului de munca - time study ~ de audienta - (a emisiunilor de radio si televiziune) audience research ~ de caz - (man.) case study ~ de dezvoltare - development study ~ de fezabilitate - feasibility study' survey ~ de marketing - marketing research ~ de mediu - (analiza mediului economic pentru identificarea oportu- nitdtilor de marketing) environmental scanning ~ de piata - market research/survey ~ de proiect - planning and design work ~ de timp si miscare - (sistem de masurare a vitezei fi a eficientei cu care lucreazd un muncitor) time and motion study

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STU-SUB 331 ~ pe model - model analysis ~ -pilot - pilot study ~ privind reactia consumatorilor - consumer survey ~ sindicalizat - {studiu de piatd de mare amploare efectuat independent de o firmd specializatd si oferit spre vdnzare) syndicated research ~ tehnic - technical study ~ urbanistic/de sistematizare - planning survey sub prep. under ~ linie - (termen contabil care se referd la acele articole ale contului de profit si pierderi ce se inscriu sub cifra profitului net; parte a bugetului de marketing pe care compania o cheltu- ieste pentru toate activitdtile promo- tionale, cu exceptia publicitdtii in mass media) below the line ~ palanc — (formula dintr-un cono- sament care aratd cd responsabilitatea armatorului fata de caric inceteazd cdnd incdrcdtura poate fi descdrcata) {mar.) under ship's derrick, sotto palanco ~ paritate/valoarea nominala - (despre actiuni) {bur.') below par. sub part ~ rezerva aprobarii - subject to approval ~ rezerva celor aratate mai sus - subject to the foregoing ~ rezerva modificarilor - subject to alteration subaltern adj. subordinate s.m. subaltern, underling subantreprenor s.m. subcontractor subaprecia v.t. to undervalue subarenda v.i. to sublease, to sublet, to underlease, to underlet

subarendare s.f. sublease, subleasing, subletting, underlease, subtenancy, undertenancy, derivative lease subarendas s.m. sublessee, underlessee, subtenant, undertenant subarmator s.m. chartered contractor subasigura v.t. to underinsure subcapitalizat adj. undercapitalized subchiria§ s.m. sublessee, underlessee, subtenant, undertenant subcomisie s.f. subcommission subcomitet^-./i. subcommittee subconsum^./i. underconsumption subcont s.n. (cont.) subaccount, subsidiary account subcontract 5'. n. subcontract subcontracta v.t. to subcontract subcontractant^.m. subcontractor subdezvoltare s.f. underdevelopment subdezvoltat adj. underdeveloped subestima v.t. to underestimate; to underquote; to underrate subevalua v.t. to undervalue, to underestimate; to underquote; to underrate; (»/i activ) (cont.) to write down subfurnizor^./H. subcontractor subipoteca s.f. submortgage subincarca v.t. to underload subinchiria v.t. to underlease, to underlet, to sublease, to sublet submchiriere s.f underlease, sublease, subleasing, subletting, undertenancy, subtenancy, derivative lease subnavlosi v.t. {mar.) to underfreight, to subcharter, to recharter subnavlositor^.w. (mar.) subcharterer subproductie s.f. underproduction subroga v.t. (dr.) to subrogate subscrie v.i. (a semnu) to sign, to undersign, to underwrite v.i. [a coliza.

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332 SUB-SUB a aduce o contribute bdneascd) to subscribe; {la o emisiune de titluri de valoare) to underwrite subscriere s.f. subscription; underwriting ~ a unei cote-parti - quota subscription ~ excedentara - oversubscription ~ la actiuni - application for shares ~ multipla — (la actiuni folosind nume false) (bur.) multiple application subscriitor s.m. (/a o emisiune de titluri de valoare) underwriter subscriptie s.f. subscription subscris adj. subscribed; underwritten ~ integral — (despre o emisiune de titluri de valoare} fully underwritten subset-retard./?!, undersecretary subsidiu5\M. subsidy subsoil, n. subsoil substanta s.f. substance; matter, material ~ daunatoare - harmful substance ~ inflamabila - inflammable substance ~ otravitoare - poisonous matter ~ radioactiva - radioactive matter/ substance substitute s.f. substitution ~ a factorilor de productie - (feno-menul de inlocuire a unei cantitdti dimr-un factor de productie en o caiiti'ate delerminatd dintr-un alt factor de productie, m conditiile in rcfe \olumul productie' rdnidne neschimbat) substitution of factors of productiosi •• a importuSui - {incercarea unei tan dc a reduce imoonuriie. incurajdnd dczvoliarea mduslriilor interne} import substitution substitut s.m. substitute

substituti ai banilor - substitute money suburban adj. suburban suburbaniza v.t. (a extinde zona suburband) to suburbanize suburbie s.f. suburb subutilizare s.f. underemployment ~ a fortei de munca underemployment of labour force subventie s.f. subvention, subsidy, grant; {pentru stimularea industriei, a comertului, a agriculturii etc.) bounty; grant-in-aid ~ de navigatie — {acordatd de stat unor companii) navigation bounty/subsidy ~ de stat - public/government subsidy, state grant, grant-in-aid ~ incrucisata — (subventionarea unui produs din veniturile generate de un alt produs) cross subsidy ~ la export - export bounty/subsidy subventii agricole - farm subsidies ~ de exploatare - operating subsidies ~ in amonte - (subventii acordate furnizorului de materie primd pentru un produs) upstream subsidies ~ nationale - (acordate de stat pentru un produs, o intreprindere sail un sector economic) domestic subsidies ~ pentru investitii — (acordate de stat) investment subsidies subventiona v.t. to subsidize, to grant; {preturile prin interventia statului) to valorize subventionare s.f subsidy, grant. support ~ a preturilor -- price support subventionat adi. subsidized - de stat - state-/graiit-aided, state- -p.tid

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SUB-SUM 333 subzistenta s.f. subsistence, basic needs; (intretinere, mijioace de trai) livelihood, sustenance succeda v. i. (la) to succeed (to) succes s.n. success; (neasteptat) bonanza ~ de casa - (al unui film, al unui spec- tacol) box-office success a avea ~ - (despre o mar/a) to take on a nu avea ~ - to be/to prove a failure, to fail succesiune s.f. 1. succession; series 2. (dr.) succession, inheritance, hereditament ~ a porturilor - (la mcdrcarea sail la descdrcare) order of ports ~ ab intestat - (dr.) intestate succession, intestacy ~ testata - (dr.) testate succession succesoare s.f. (dr.) heiress succesor s.m. 1. successor 2. (dr.) successor, heir, inheritor; (legatar) devisee ~ prezumptiv - heir presumptive ~ subsecvent - remainderman ~ testamentar - heir testamentary, devisee succesoral adj. successional, inheritable sucursala s.f. branch; subsidiary (company) ~ bancara - branch bank sudatie s.f. (umiditate in magaziile navel produsd de condensarea vapo- rilor emanati de diverse mdrfuri) (mar.) sweat, sweating, condensed moisture ~ a marfii - cargo sweat suferi v.t. (pierderi, pagube) to incur, to suffer, to sustain ~ avarii - to sustain damages

sumar s.n. abstract, summary ~ al articolelor - (unui contract) memorandum suma s.f. sum, amount ~ a creditului - (la care se calculeazd dobdndd) principal ~ asigurata - sum insured ~ bruta - gross amount ~ ce urmeaza a fi investita - amount to be invested ~ cumulata a anuitatii - accumulate amount of annuity ~ datorata - sum due ~ de bani in casa - (pentru a avea rest) cash/till float ~ de completare - odd money ~ de plata - sum payable; (rubrica de pe un document de platd standardizat pentru citire electronicd) convenience amount ~ debitoare - debit amount ~ declarata/specificata - amount stated ~ delapidata - embezzlement ~ determinata - specific amount ~ evaluata - estimate ~ facturata - invoice amount ~ globala/forfetara - lump/inclusive sum ~ in litere - sum in words/at length ~ incasata - (dintr-o vdnzare, afacere) proceeds ~ maxima a tranzactiilor autorizate - activity limit ~ maxima care poate fi retrasa - (de un client din bancomat, intr-o anumitd perioada) cash limit ~ minima a datoriei pentru care se poate declara falimentui - bankruptcy level

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334 SUM-SUP ~ minima din depozit - (care trebuie sd rdmdnd in depozitui bancar pentru ca acesta sa nil fie desfiintat) maintenance margin ~ nedeterminata - uncertain amount ~ nominala - face amount ~ nula - (set de tranzactii in care profiturile cdstigatorilor sunt egale cu pierderile needs tigdtorilor) (fin.) zero sum ~ oferita - (la licitatie) bid ~ partiala - subtotal ~ platita - amount paid out ~ principala/totala - (care este platita in caz de moarte accidentals sail alte accidente majore) (asig.) principal sum ~ rambursabila - amount repayable ~ reportata - (report) (cont.) amount brought/carried forward ~ rotunda - even money ~ subscrisa - amount subscribed ~ totala - total amount, sum total ~ totala a cheltuielilor - total expenses sume care nu pot fi incasate -uncollectable receivables ~ care pot fi imprumutate numai la dobanzi foarte mari - deadmoney ~ de incasat - receivables ~ debitoare in tranzit spre band -bank float ~ flotante - (cecuri aflate in procesul de transfer de la o bancd la alto) float ~ incasate - takings a fi sub suma prevazuta - to fall short of the amount sumisionar s.m. (persoand care se angajeazd in scris sd respecte clauzele fixate) (dr.) tenderer superior adj. 1. (de calitate supe-- rioard) of superior/the highest quality,

high-grade 2. (in functie, in grad) senior s. in. superior; chief supermarket s.n. supermarket; (in special la periferia unui oras) hypermarket supliment^.m. supplement, addition ~ de bilet - (c.f.) excess fare ~ de plata - extra/additional payment ~ de pret - extra charge ~ la greutate A makeweight ~ pentru diferenta de clasa - (c.f.) excess ticket suplimenta v.t. to supplement suplimentar adj. supplementary, additional, extra suporta v.t. (cheltideli) to bear supraasigura v.t. to overinsure suprabugetar adj. extraordinary, not included in the budget supracapitaliza v.t. to overcapitalize supradimensionat adj. outsized supraemisiune s.f. (de actiuni) overissue supraestima v.t. to overestimate, to overvalue supraevalua v.t. to overvalue, to overestimate, to overrate; (nn activ) (cont.) to write up; (capitalul unei societdti prin emiterea unui numdr prea mare de actiuni in raport cu o politico financiard judicioasd sau cu activele nete ale companiei respective) to overcapitalize supraextins adj. (despre o afacere care nileazd si produce mult mat multi bani deceit valoarea activelor curente) overextended suprafata s.f. surface, area; (calculatd in acri) acreage - de lucru - work area

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SUP-SUR 335 ~ inchiriabila a unei cladiri - net rentable area ~ utila a depozitului - warehouse floorage supragreutate s.f. overweight supraimpozita v.t. to overtax supraimpunere s.f. supplementary taxation ~ fiscala - tax surcharge supraincarca v.t. 1. (un vehicul) to overload, to overburden 2. (un pret) to overcharge 3. (muncitori) to overwork supralicita v.t. to overbid, to outbid, to bid over supralicitant s.m. overbidder, outbidder supralicitatie s.f. overbid, higher bid supranavlu s.n. (mar.) overfreight supranumerar adj., s.n. supernumerary supraoferta s.f. better offer; oversupply; (supralicitatie) overbid, higher bid suprapret s.n. overcharge, excess price; black market price supraproductie s.f. overproduction, surplus production supraprofit s.n. superprofit, excess/ surplus profit suprasarcina s.f. overload suprastoc^-./i. overstock suprastoca v.t. to overstock suprasubscriere s.f. oversubscription suprataxa v.t. to surtax, to supertax, to surcharge suprataxa s.f. surtax, supertax, extra tax, surcharge ~ de import - import surcharge ~ de pavilion - (mar.) alien duty, flag surtax

~ postala/de francare - additional postage supraveghea v.t. to supervise, to oversee, to superintend; to control supraveghere s.f. supervision; control ~ a bancilor - supervision of banks supraveghetor s.m. supervisor, overseer, superintendent; (intr-un magazin universal) shopwalker suprematie s.f. (pepiata) supremacy supus adj. (la) subject/liable (to)

deteriorarii - subject to deterioration, liable to damage ~ restrictiilor - subject to restrictions ~ taxelor vamale/vamuirii -customable, dutiable surogat^.^. substitute, succedaneum surplus s.n. surplus, overplus, excess; (de greutate) overbalance ~ al consumatorului/cumparatorului - (termen care exprimd satisfactia suplimentard pe care achizitiile succe- sive ale unui bun, la un pret dat. Ie procurd unui individ; forma de surplus pe care il obtine participantui consu- mator la schimb) consumer's/ buyer's surplus ~ al producatorului - (diferenta dintre ceea ce producdtorul primeste si ceea ce cheltuieste) producer's surplus ~ de bord liber - (mar.) excess of freeboard ~ de greutate - excess weight ~ de lichiditati - excess liquidity ~ de rezerve — (rezerve depuse de o bancd la banca centrald peste nivelul rezervelor minime obligatorii) excess reserves ~ de salariati redundancy of employees ~ de taxe vamale - overentry

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SL'R-SWA ~ impozabil - taxable surplus sursa s.f. source ~ de aprovizionare - source of supply surse $i utilizari ale fondurilor - (cont.) sources and uses of funds sursarj s.n. (pe un timbni) surcharge sur§arja v.t. (un timbni) to surcharge sus-mentionat adj. above-mentioned sus-numit adj. above-named/ -mentioned, aforesaid suspenda v.t. (plati, livrdri) to suspend, to stop; (un functionar) to suspend; (o sedintd) to adjourn; (un acord) to terminate suspendare s.f. 1. (a platilor, a livrd-rilor) suspension; (a unui functionar) suspension; (a unei sedinte) adjournment; (a unui acord) termination 2. (a unor actiuni de pe lista de cotatii) (bur.) delisting sustrage v.t. to purloin, to take away; to steal, to pilfer v.r. (de la indeplinirea obligatiilor, plata impozitelor etc.) to evade; to avoid; to elude sustragere s.f. '1. purloining; theft, pilferage 2. (de la indeplinirea obligatiilor, plata impozitelor etc.) evasion; avoidance; elusion ~ din marfa transportata - pilfering of cargo sustinator s.m. 1. supporter, sustainer; (din punct de vedere financiar) backer; (al unei piete) marketeer; (de idei, opinii) upholder 2. (al familiei) breadwinner

sustine v.t. 1. to support; (o candidaturd, o opinie etc.) to back, to second, to endorse; (o rezolutie) to second; (idei, opinii) to advocate, to uphold; (financiar) to back; (piata, preturile) to peg; (a promova un plan) to forward; (intens un produs, o marcd etc.} to boost 2. (a afirma) to affirm, to assert suveranitate s.f. sovereignty ~ a consumatorilor — (alocarea resur- selor, intr-o economic liherd, infunctie de preferintele consumatorilor) consumer's sovereignty swap s.n. (swap valutar, tranzactie valutard m care platile se bazeazd pe rate fixe ale dobanzilor pentru fiecare valuta, asemdndtoare cu tranzactiile la vedere si la termen; swap al ratelor dobdnzii, tranzactie prin care se schimbd fluxuri de plati ale dobdnzii cu caracter diferit, bazatd insd pe o valoare stabild a sumei initiale; swap de datorii, adicd cesiune temporard sail conversie a datoriilor in actiuni sail alte titluri de participare) swap ~ al ratelor dobanzii - interest rate swap ~ de datorii/capital imprumutat contra capitalul propriu - debt equity swap ~ de obligatii - liability swap ~ de valute - currency swap

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$

salupa s.f. boat, motorboat ~ vamala - revenue cutter Sansa s.f. chance sanse egale - equal opportunities santaj s.n. blackmail santaja v.t. to blackmail santier s.n. site; development ~ de constructie - construction/ building site ~ de dezmembrare a nayelor vechi - breaker's yard ~ naval - shipyard, dockyard, (shipbuilding) yard ~ naval de reparatii - repair dockyard santiere si uzine navale - shipbuilding facilities sarpe s.m. (sarpe monetar, principiul ,,sarpelui in tunel" adoptat de CEE pentru a controla fluctuatule zilnice ale valntelor tdrilor-membre fata de dolar) (fin.) snake scoala s.f. school ~ comerciala - commercial/trade school ~ profesionala/de meserii professional/vocational/industrial/ training/trade school ~ subventionata prin donatii - foundation school sedinta s.f sitting, meeting; {dr.) (court) session ~ a consiliului de administratie - board meeting ~ de consiliu - council board ~ -fulger - informal think-in ~ publica - open meeting a fi in ~ - to sit, to be sitting

sef s.m. chief, head; boss; (director) manager; (superior) superior; (conducdtor) leader ~ al contenciosului - solicitor general ~ al departamentului de publicitate - advertising manager ~ al serviciului de personal - personnel manager; (membra in con- siliul de administratie} worker director ~ al serviciului de vanzari - sales manager ~ al serviciului financiar - paymaster general ~ de atelier - shop foreman ~ de birou - chief/head/senior clerk ~ de cabinet - (minister's) principal private secretary ~ de catedra - head of chair/ department ~ de echipa - first-line manager; leading hand; (de docheri) foreman; (in magazie) (mar.) hatch foreman ~ de fila - (banca ,,sef de fild" reprezintd sindicatiil bancar care acordd credite, fiind insarcinatd cu negocierile si derularea operatiunilor) lead manager ~ de gara/statie - station manager, yardmaster ~ de oficiu portuar - port warden ~ de raion — (intr-un magazin universal) floorwalker, shopwalker ~ de retea — (eel mai puternic membru al unei retele de distributie) channel captain ~ de serviciu - head of service, departmental manager

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338 §EF-$OM ~ de santier - clerk of (the) works, superintendent of work ~ de triaj/manevra - yardmaster ~ de zona - (de vdnzdri) area manager senal^./!. channel, fairway, pass ~ navigabil - navigation channel septel ,s'./!. livestock si con/', and ~ compania - and company ~ cu capital redus - (cuvinte care apar dupd numele unei companii care, prin reorganizare, si-a redus capitalul) and reduced sir s.n. row, line; succession, chain; (serie) series ~ de andosari - chain of endorsements slefuire s.f. abrasion ~ a monedei — (ca urmare a circulatiei, rezultdnd o diminuare a greutdtii) abrasion of coin slep s.n. barge, lighter ~ de buncherare - bunkering barge; (cu combustibil lichid) oil-fuel lighter ~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/ coastwise barge ~ de canal - canal barge ~ de carbuni - coal barge; (pe fluvhi) keel ~ de depoluare - skimming barge; oil recovery barge ~ de marfa - cargo barge ~ de transport - barge carrier ~ fluvial - river barge ~ frigorific - refrigerated barge ~ maritim - seagoing barge ~ pentru busteni - log barge ~ pentru cereale - grain cargo barge ~ pentru cherestea - lumber/timber barge ~ pentru ciment - cement barge

~ pentru marfuri generale - general cargo barge ~ pentru minereu - ore barge ~ portuar - harbour/utility barge ~ -tanc - tank(barge) ~ -tanc petrolier - barge tank slepar s.m. bargee, barger, bargeman, lighterman soma v.;. to be unemployed, to be on the dole, to be out of work/job; (partial) to work (on) short hours somaj s.n. unemployment ~ ascuns/mascat - hidden unemployment ~ ciclic - cyclical unemployment ~ de inadaptare - (§omaj cauzat de imposibilitatea unei parti a populatiei active, denumitd tehnofobd, de a se adapta tehnicilor fi metodelor avan- sate de lucrii} frictional unemployment ~ involuntar - (sau keynesian, derivat din dezechilibrul cerere-ofertd, cu consecinte negative pe piata muncii) involuntary unemployment ~ partial - underemployment, half time, short hours ~ rezidual — (fomaj care afecteazd forta de mimed cu eficientd scdzutd, necalificatd, fdrd motivatie) residual unemployment ~ sezonier - seasonal unemployment ~ structural - (datorat structurii economics, formelor de proprietate, amplasdrii geografice etc.) structural unemployment ~ tehnic - (determinat de intreruperea activitdtii unei firme, de obicei pe o perioadd determinatd, din lipsa comenzilor) technical unemployment

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§OM-§TI

~ tehnologic - (cauzat de inlocuirea vechilor tehnici si tehnologii cu altele noi) technological unemployment ~ temporar/intermediar - (pdnd la gdsirea unui post) search unemployment ~ voluntar - voluntary unemployment §omer adj. unemployed, out-of- -work/place s.m. unemployed worker; pi. the unemployed ~ partial - worker on short hours, part- -time worker $osea s.f. highway, (high) road ~ cu taxa - toll road ~ locala - local/country road, by-road ~ nationala - state highway §tampila v.t. to stamp; (scrisori) to postmark

339

§tampila s.f. stamp; (sigiliu) signet, seal ~ a firmei - company/corporate/ common seal ~ ,,cantarit" - weight stamp ~ cu data - date stamp ~ cu semnatura - signature stamp ~ de cauciuc - rubber stamp ~ de control/garantie - inspection stamp ~ de numar curent - numbering stamp/machine ~ po§tala - postmark ~ ,,primit" - received stamp $tanta s.f. (pentru bdtut monede) stamp §terge v.t. {a deteriora fata unei bancnote, a unui cec etc.) to deface $tiinta s.f. science §tiinte economice - economics

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T tabel s.n. table, schedule, chart; (lista) list ~ centralizat - summarized table ~ de conversie/transformari - (pentru unitdti de mdsurd apartindnd unor sisteme diferite) conversion table ~ de masuri si greutati - table of weights and measures ~ de procente ale dobanzilor - table of interest ~ tarifar - tariff schedule tablou s.n. 1. (tabel) table, chart 2. (de comanda) board, panel ~ al conturilor - (din cartea mare) (cont.) chart of accounts ~ de comanda - control panel ~ de distribute - switchboard tabula v.t. to tabulate, to tabularize tabular adj. tabular tabulare s.f. tabulation ~ fhiala/recapitulativa - master tabulation ~ incrucisata - cross tabulation tabulator s.n. tabulator, tabulating machine talie s.f. (corn.) size talon s.n. 1. coupon; (de chitantd, cec etc.) counterfoil, stub 2. (anexat la o obligatiune la purtdtor si care conferd dreptui la o noud foaie de cupoane cdnd acestea au fost utilizate) talon, renewal coupon ~ de asigurare - insurance note/slip ~ valeric gratuit - (oferit de un magazin, cu care se pot achizitiona unele articole) gift coupon/token/ voucher/certificate

tanc s.n. 1. (rezervor) tank 2. (petro- lier) (oil) tanker, oil-carrying ship/ vessel, petroleum carrier/ship/ tanker, tank ship/vessel, bulk-oil carrier tantiema s.f. emolument; share, percentage taraba s.f. booth; (in piata) market stall tara s.f. (greutatea ambalajuhu) tare (weight) ~ admisa - (pentru calcularea tarei mtregii partide de mdrfuri) received tare ~ comuna - mean tare ~ conform tarifului vamal - (SUA) schedule tare ~ conform uzantei - use tare ~ efectiva/reala - (greutatea reald a ambalajuhu') actual/clear/real tare ~ estimata - estimated tare ~ legala/vamala - customs/legal tare, tare assumed by the customs ~ medie - average tare -~ normala - normal tare ~ standard - custom-built container ~ suplimentara - supertare ~ uzuala - customary tare a calcula tara - to tare tarif s.n. tariff, rate; price list, schedule; scale ~ casnic - domestic rate ~ compus/mixt - (combinatie intre taxa ad valorem si o taxd vamald specified) compound/two-part tariff ~ curent - going rate

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TAR-TAX 341 ~ de asigurare - rate of insurance, insurance tariff; (mar.) underwriting rate ~ de baza - basis rate ~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel rate ~ de comision - scale of commission ~ de curtaj/brokeraj - commission rate ~ de inchiriere a utilajelor - plant hire rate ~ de navlu - (mar.) charter rate ~ de navlu cartelat - (mar.) conference rate ~ de navlu necartelat - (mar.) nonconference rate ~ de noapte - night charge ~ de tranzit - transit tariff ~ de zi - time-of-day tariff ~ diferential - differential/graduated tariff ~ feroviar - railway rate ~ fiscal - revenue tariff ~ forfetar - restricted tariff ~ intern - inland rate ~ in vigoare - tariff in force ~ intreg/fara reducere - full rate ~ maximal - maximum tariff ~ mobil - sliding scale tariff ~ neuniform - open rate ~ pe mila - mileage ~ pentru calatori - passenger rate ~ pentru marfuri - goods rate ~ pentru munca in acord - piecework rate ~ postal - postal tariff, postage ~ postal pentru corespondenta interna - inland postage ~ unic - single tariff ~ uniform - flat rate ~ vamal - customs tariff

~ vamal comun - (in CEE) common customs tariff ~ vamal de clasificare - (a mdrfurilor) customs schedule ~ vamal de represalii - retaliation/ retaliatory tariff ~ vamal flexibil - flexible tariff ~ vamal pentru tarile care beneficiaza de clauza natiunii celei mai favorizate - most-favoured-nation tariff ~ vamal preferential - preferential tariff ~ vamal protectionist - protection/ protective tariff ~ vamal zonal/pe zone - zone tariff tarifa v. t. to tariff tarifar adj. tariff,..; scheduled taxa v.t. 1. to charge 2. (a impune) to tax, to impose a tax on taxator s.m. 1. (functionar care stabi- le^te tarifele/taxele) rater, valuer, appraiser 2. (incasator) collector 3. (in tramvai, autobuz etc.) conductor ~ pentru drumuri sail poduri - toll collector/keeper ~ vamal - customs appraiser taxa s.f. tax, charge, contribution; (vamala etc.) duty; (^colara etc.) fee; (rutierd, la piatd etc.) toll; pi. dues; (tarif) tariff, rate - a scontului la cambiile de clasa intai - prime (lending) rate ~ auto/de drumuri - tax disc/token, roadtax •- consuiara - consular fee, consulage ~ de amarare — demurrage ~ de brevet - patent fee/tax ~ de camion a j - truckage ~ de cantarire - weighing charges ~ de donatie - nift tax

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342 TAX-TAX ~ de expertiza - survey fee ~ de export - export duty ~ de import - import duty ~ de intrare - admission/entrance fee, door money ~ de macara - cranage ~ de magazinaj - storage charges ~ de mesagerie - (SUA) expressage ~ de piata — (pentru dreptui de a tine un chiosc) stallage ~ de ramburs - cash on delivery fee ~ de redeventa - royalty fee ~ de reescont - rediscount rate ~ de rezervare - (a locului) reservation fee ~ de scont - discount rate, rate of discount ~ de timbru - stamp duty/tax ~ de transfer de capital - capital transfer tax ~ federala de scont - (SUA) federal discount rate ~ fiscala - fiscal duty ~ ipotecara - mortgage duty ~ normala/in afara orelor de varf - off-peak rate ~ oHciala a scontului - official discount rate ~ pe tmbunatatiri - (publice aduse unei proprietdti particulare) betterment levy ~ pe livra - (vamala etc.) poundage ~ pe valoarea adaugata — value-added tax ~ pentru bauturile infundate - (servite in restaurant) corkage ~ pentru trecerea unei proprietati particulare - toll traverse ~ somptuara - sumptuary/luxury tax ~ statutara — (cost administrativ al lickidurii unui imprumut} statutory fee

~ succesorala - succession/inheritance tax, legacy duty ~ $colara - fee ~ uniforma/forfetara - standard charge ~ vamala - customs duty ~ vamala compensatorie - matching duty ~ vamala comunitara - (aplicatd de o piata comunitara sail de o uniune vamala) common external tariff ~ vamala de import - import duty ~ vamala de represalii - retaliatory duty ~ vamala discriminatorie/multipla - (la import, infunctie de tara de origine a mdrfurilor) discriminating/ discriminatory/multiple duty ~ vamala preferentiala - preferential duty ~ vamala prohibitive - prohibitive duty ~ vamala protectionista - protective duty ~ vamala reciproca - reciprocal duty ~ vamala restituita - return duty; (atzmci cand mdrfiirile importate sunt reexportate sau folosite la producerea unor bunuri ce vor fi exportate) drawback ~ vamala specifics - {in functie de greutatea, lungimea sail volumul mdrfurilor) specific duty ~ vamala suplimentara - additional duty taxe de andocare - dock dues ~ de antrepozitare - {in antrepozite vamale) bond dues ~ de cheiaj - (de stationare la chei} quay/pier/wharf dues, quayage. pierage, wharfage

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TAX-TEH 343 ~ de ecluzare ~ lockage (tolls) ~ de incarcare si manipulare - (mar.) shipping and handling charges ~ de navigatie - navigation dues ~ de tonaj - tonnage dues ~ de tranzit - transit dues ~ de trecere prin canal - canal tolls ~ fluviale - river charges/dues ~ locale/comunale - rates ~ notariale - notarial charges/fees ~ pe marfurile operate - cargo dues ~ portuare - harbour dues/fees, port charges/dues ~ si impozite - rates and taxes ~ tarifare/vamale - tariff rates ~ vamale de protejare - (a produselor indigene) safeguarding duties ~ vamale diferentiale - differential duties ~ vamale si de regie — customs and excise duties taia v.t. (vite) to slaughter tarie s.f. (normald a alcoohilui) proof targ s.n. 1. (piatd) market (place); (centru comercial) emporium 2. (periodic) fair 3. (ordsel) market town, townlet, small town; (oras) town; (burg) borough 4. (afacere) bargain; (tocmeald) haggle, haggling; (comert) trade, business ~ anual - fair ~ de mostre - trade fair show, sample fair, exhibition ~ de vite - cattle market, stock fair/market ~ universal - world fair targui v.;'. (a cumpdra) to buy; (a se duce la cumpdrdturf) to go shopping v.t. to buy, to purchase v.r. (a se tocmi) to bargain, to haggle

targuiala s.f. 1. buying, purchasing; (cumpdrdturi) shopping 2. (tocmeald) haggle, haggling, bargain a face targuieli/cumparaturi - to go shopping tehnic adj. technical tehnica s.f. technics; (metodd, fel) technique tehnica diagramelor de analiza factorials - factor analysis chart technique • ~ metodelor - (man.) methods engineering ~ securitatii muncii - labour safety engineering, industrial safety, safe procedure, security means tehnica de analiza si evaluare grafica - evaluation and review technique ~ de fabricatie a unui produs - product engineering tehnician s.m. technician, technical expert, engineer ~ responsabil cu protectia muncii - safety engineer ~ responsabil cu studierea timpului de munca - time study engineer tehnocrat^.m. technocrat tehnocratie s.f. technocracy tehnolog s.m. technologist tehnologic adj. technological tehnologie s.f. technology, engineering tehnologia managementului - management engineering tehnologie de fabricare a unui produs - product engineering ~ de mare performanta - high technology ~ de prelucrare a petrolului - petroleum engineering ~ informationala - information technology

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344 TEJ-TER tejghea s.f. counter tejghetar^.w. counterman telal s.m. old-clothes man, dealer buyer; (SUA) junkman telecomunicatie s.f. telecommunication, communication activity/service televiziune s.f. television ~ cu taxa/abonament - pay television ~ industriala/in circuit tnchis -industrial television temporar adj. temporary; provisional; (despre munca) odd tendinta s.f. tendency, trend ~ a pietei - market trend ~ ascendenta/de crestere - upward tendency/trend, uptrend ~ de crestere a preturilor - uptrend in prices; (pentru titlurile financiare) bullish tendency ~ de scadere - downward tendency/ trend, downtrend ~ de scadere a nivelului de trai - downtrend in living standards ~ de scadere a preturilor - downtrend in prices; (pentru titlurile financiare') bearish tendency ~ generala - general trend tendinte antiinflationiste - anti- -inflationary trends ~ economice - economic trends ~ inflationiste - inflationary trends teorie s.f. theory teoria abstinentei - abstinence theory ~ asteptarilor - expectation theory ~ bunastarii - welfare theory ~ ciclului real de afaceri - real business cycle theory ~ cresterii - growth theory ~ deciziei - decision-making theory ~ jocurilor - game theory ~ preturilor - price theory

~ subconsumului - underconsumption theory terera s.n. ground, field, land; (sol) soil; (de constructie) site ~ agricol - farmland ~ arabil - arable/tillable land ~ aurifer - gold field ~ cultivat - tillage land ~ de depozitare - storage yard. stockyard ~ forestier - timber land ~ necultivat - fallow (ground/land). waste land ~ pentru constructia de locuinte - residential/housing estate ~ petrolifer - oil field/land teritoriu s.n, territory ~ situat departe de granita sau de mare - inland ~ sub tutela/mandat - trust territory termen s.n. 1. term, time, date, period; (fixat} fixed/appointed/stated date; (limita) time limit, deadline 2. (pa- suire) time allowed, delay (granted), respite 3. (dr.) day of appearance, court day; (citatie, chemare in judecata} summons 4. (ciivant) term 5. pi. {conditii contractuale) tenns ~ comercial - business term ~ curent - running term ~ de apel - (dr.) reclaim days ~ de executie — (a unei lucrdri de constructie) construction time ~ de garantie - term of guarantee. guarantee period; {al produselor perisabile) shelf/storage life ~ de gratie - (pentru plata unei datorii scadente) (days of) grace ~ de livrare - time of deliver.". delivery date

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TER-TEX 345

~ de plata - term of payment, prompt date ~ de posesiune - (al unei proprietdti) tenure ~ de prescriptie - (dr.) prescription period ~ de valabilitate a brevetului - patent life/period ~ final/-limita - fmal/latest/extreme term, closing date, deadline termeni comerciali internationali - international commercial terms (Incoterms) ~ contractuali - contract/agreed terms ~ {contractual!} de creditare - credit terms ~ (contractuali) fundamentali - fundamental terms terminal adj., s.n. terminal ~ bancar - (bancomaf) cash dispenser ~ de containere - container terminal ~ de decontare a cecurilor - cheque cashing machine ~ de feribot - ferry deck/rack ~ de petroliere - tanker terminal ~ maritim - marine terminal ~ portuar - port terminal terminare s.f. completion, termination, finishing; end ~ a unui rise - (asig.) end of a risk terts.m. third party/person ~ detinator - (al unei cambii) holder in due course ~ proprit - (care define sume datorate sau bunuri mobiliare ce apartin debi- torului unui creditor popular) gamishee test s.n. test ~ de piata - test marketing ~ profesional -job test

testa v.t. 1. (a incerca, a proba) to test 2. (a Idsa ceva prin testament) to will; (un bun mobiliar) to bequeath, to legate; (un bun imobiliar) to devise testament s.n. will, testament; (pentru bunuri mobiliare) bequest; (pentru bunuri imobiliare) devise a ataca un ~ - to contest a will a deschide un ~ - to open a will a lasa un ~ - to leave a will a muri lasand ~ - to die testate a revoca un ~ - to revoke/to annul/to cancel a will a-si face testamentui - to make one's will testamentar adj. testamentary testare s.f. 1. test, testing 2. (a unui bun mobiliar) bequest, bequeathing; (a unui bun imobiliar) devise, devising ~ a conceptului - (corn.) concept testing ~ a produsului - product test ~ a produsului prin plasare - (tem- porard la un potential ciimpdrdtor) product placement test ~ directa - (testare in favoarea unei persoane care este cu doud sau mai multe niveluri de generatie sub testator) (dr.) direct skip - fractionata - (a elementelor indi- vidiiale care intrd in componenta unei reclame sau a unui ambalaj) atomistic test ~ pe animale - (a produselor casnice sau a medicamentelor) animal testing testatoare s.f. (dr.) testatrix testator s.m. (dr.) testator; (de bunuri mobiliare) legator; (de bunuri imobiliare) devisor textil adj. textile textila s.f. textile, drapery

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346 TEZ-TIT tezaur s.n. 1. treasure; (de bani etc.} hoard; (de stat) treasury 2. (cladire) treasury; (camera de valori) safety vault, strongroom tezauriza v.t. to treasure (up), to hoard (up); to amass tichet s.n. ticket; (bon de cartela) coupon ~ de masa — (oferit salariatilor de firma wide lucreazd) luncheon voucher ~ de paine - bread coupon timbra v.t. to stamp timbru s.n. stamp ~ adeziv - adhesive stamp ~ de chitanta - receipt stamp ~ fiscal - fiscal/tax/revenue stamp ~ jubiliar -jubilee stamp ~ postal - postage stamp ~ sec - impressed stamp; embossed press ~ stampilat/obliterat - used stamp timp s.n. time ~ astronomic - astronomic(al) time ~ de asteptare - (pentru operarea navel) waiting time ~ de exploatare/functionare - running/operating time ~ de fabricatie a primei piese - (dintr-un lot) first piece time ~ de lucru/munca - working hours ~ de nefunctionare a masinii - (din lipsd de materiale, mdnd de lucru sail comenzi) machine idle time; (din motive tehnice) machine down time ~ de operare - (mcdrcare- -descdrcare) handling time ~ de pan a - outage time ~ economisit - (la mcdrcarea sau descdrcarea navel) dispatch ~ economisit numai la descarcare - (mar.) dispatch discharging only

~ economisit numai la incarcare - (mar.) dispatch loading only ~ liber - leisure, spare time ~ local - local time ~ mort - idle/dead/lost time, downtime ~ mort in fluxul tehnologic - bottleneck ~ necesar pentru executarea operatiilor de productie - production time ~ total - (in gestiunea stocurilor, timpul scurs de la efectuarea iinei comenzi si pdnd la indeplinirea ei: timpul necesar pentru a-l determina pe un consumator sd cumpere) lead time ~ total de operare - (la magaziile navel) hatch hours ~ universal - Greenwitch mean time a avea timpi morti - (despre masini, utilaje) to idle over tinde v.i. to tend ~ sa creasca - (despre preturl) to tend upwards ~ sa scada - (despre preturi) to tend downwards tip s.n. 1. type; (fel) kind, sort; (model) mark 2. (standard) standard, type tip art v.t. to print tipogratie s.f. 1. (atelier/intreprindere poligrafica) printing firm/house/office.- works/establishment 2. (arta tiparuiui) (art of) printing, typography ~ de bancnote - security printing office tiraj s.n. pressrun, number of copies printed; (al periodicelor) circulation; (editie) edition ~ si grad de citire - circulation and readership titlu s.n. \. (de carte) title; (;'/; nor) headline 2. (document) title, deed 3. (de

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TIT-TIT 347 valoare) security, paper, note, certificate; (emis de stat sau de municipalitate) stock; (actiuni) stock 4. (titru) title, titre, fineness, standard ~ al aliajului - standard of alloy ~ al monedei - standard of coinage ~ de creanta - loan note, debenture ~ de creanta fara scadenta - perpetual/irredeemable debenture ~ de proprietate - title (deed), deed of property, document of title, title to property, vested interest ~ de proprietate absolut - absolute title ~ de proprietate incomplet/imperfect - defective title ~ de proprietate inregistrat/inscris - (in cartea funciara) registered title ~ de proprietate legal - legal/sound title ~ de proprietate negrevat - clear title ~ de proprietate restrans - qualified title ~ de valoare - security, paper, note, certificate; (emis de stat sau de municipalitate) stock; (actiuni) stock; (care reprezintd capitalul propriu) equity ~ de valoare american sau Canadian - dollar stock ~ de valoare convertibil - (pbli'ga- tiune sau actiune preferentiald care poate fi schimbatd, la optiunea titularului, in actiuni comune ale societdtii emitente) convertibile security/stock ~ de valoare cu curs fluctuant - floating rate note ~ de valoare cu dobanda fixa - fixed- -interest security

~ de valoare cu optiune - (tranzactionat la o data. si im pret specificat) stock option, option stock ~ de valoare de calitate/sigur - gilt- -edged security ~ de valoare emis de o banca - bank security ~ de valoare exprimat in valuta -foreign currency security ~ de valoare garantat prin active -asset-backed security ~ de valoare guvernamental/de stat -government security ~ de valoare inactiv/fara cautare -inactive security ~ de valoare international - (care se poate tranzactiona pe pietele Interna-tionale) international security ~ de valoare la ordin - order security ~ de valoare la purtator - bearer security, floater ~ de valoare la termen - dated security ~ de valoare necotat/nelistat - (la bur so) unquoted/unlisted/nonlisted security; (tranzactionat pe piata extra-bursiera) over-the-counter security ~ de valoare negociabil/transferabil -negotiable/transferable security ~ de valoare nominal - registered security ~ de valoare preferential - (cu plata prioritard a dividendelor) senior security; (SUA) prior preferred stock ~ de valoare secundar - (cu dreptiiri ma'i mid asupra activelor si a veni-turilor decdt alte titluri considerate prioritare} junior security ~ executoriu - (dr.) writ of execution - oneros - (dr.} valuable consideration ~ putativ - (dr.) pus-alive title

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348 TIT-TON titru s.n. (cantitatea de metal pretios dintr-un aliaj exprimatd in parti la mie) titre, title titular adj. titular, titulary s.m. (al unei licente, al unui cont etc.) holder; {al unui post, al unei functii) occupant; (suplinit al unei functii) titular; (al unei polite de asigurare de viatd) nominee ~ al unei autorizatii/licente - licensee ~ al unei polite de asigurare - policy holder ~ al unui brevet/patent - patentee, patent owner ~ al unui cont - account holder, name of an account ~ precedent - (al unor titluri de valoare) previous holder toata adj. all toate celelalte pericole - (asig.) all other perils ~ drepturile rezervate - all rights reserved, copyright reserved ~ pericolele, primejdiile si acciden-tele de mare - (asig. mar.) all perils, dangers and accidents of the sea ~ pierderile sau pagubele - (asig. mar.) all loss or damage ~ riscurile - (asig.) all risks ~ riscurile, oricare ar fi acestea -(asig. mar.) all risks whatsoever tocmeala s.f. haggle, haggling tocmi v.t. 1. (a angaja in slujba) to engage, to hire on; (pentru o treaba) to hire on 2. (a comanda) to order v.r. {a se tdrgui) (pentru) to haggle (about, over), to traffic (for) a se ~ mult - to drive a hard bargain tocmire s.f. (a unui liicrdtor) hire toleranta s f tolerance, allowance; margin, limit: (a litriilui unei monocle)

remedy; (a greutdtii unei monede) allowance ~ de greutate - tolerance of weight ~ larga — wide margin tonaj s.n. (mar.) tonnage ~ al flotei comerciale - merchant tonnage ~ al navei — (in tone — registru) vessel tonnage, shipping space ~ al navelor de linie - liner (cargo) tonnage ~ al navelor de pasageri - passenger tonnage ~ al navelor destinate exportului - export tonnage ~ al navelor fluviale — river tonnage ~ al navelor frigorifice - refrigerating tonnage ~ al navelor invechite - obsolete/overage tonnage ~ al navelor maritime - seagoing tonnage ~ al navelor navlosite pe voiaj - trip- -charter tonnage ~ al navelor mici - small tonnage ~ al navelor neexploatate - laid-up tonnage ~ al navelor oceanice - ocean-going tonnage ~ al navelor-tramp - tramp (cargo) tonnage ~ al petrolierului — tanker tonnage ~ brut - gross tonnage ~ curat - (la petroliere) clean tonnage - de cabotaj -- coastal tonnage - de ilicarcare -• (grentate sou volum) cargo tonnage ~ deadweight - ileadvveight tonnage

disponibil - prompt tonnage. snipping availability

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TON-TRA 349 ~ excesiv - (cand numdrul navelor de transport depdse^te cu mult cererea) overtonnage ~ global - aggregate tonnage ~ international - international tonnage ~ mondial - world tonnage ~ navlosit - charter/freight tonnage ~ nefolosit - (a/ navelor care stationeazd in rezerva} idle tonnage ~ net - net tonnage ~ pentru cereale - grain tonnage ~ pentru marfuri uscate - dry cargo tonnage ~ pierdut/mort - waste tonnage ~ -registru - register/measurement tonnage, ship's registered tonnage ~ -registru brut - gross/brutto register tonnage, gross measurement ~ -registru net - net register tonnage, net measurement ~ sub punte - underdeck tonnage, tonnage under deck ~ zilnic de incarcare - daily tonnage allocation tona s.f. ton ~ americana/scurta - American/short ton ~ americana de capacitate - American shipping ton ~ de congelare - refrigeration ton ~ de incarcare/transport - shipping ton ~ de navlu/volum - cargo/freight/ measurement ton ~ deadweight - deadweight ton ~ - deplasament - displacement ton ~ engleza/lunga - English/long ton ~ impozabila - rateable ton ~ metrica - metric ton, tonne ~ -registru - register ton

~ -registru brut - gross register ton, vessel ton ~ -registru net - net register ton ~ vamala - (SUA) revenue ton toneta s.f. stall, stand ~ de ziare - newsstand topograf^.m. topographer, surveyor topografie s.f. topography, survey tot adj. all ~ intr-unul - all-in ~ timpul economisit in ambele porturi - (de operare) (mar.) all time saved both ends total adj. total, whole, aggregate, entire; (global} gross, overall s.n. total, whole; aggregate; (suma totala) sum (total), (total) amount ~ al datoriei - gross debt ~ al despagubirii - (platite asigu- ratului de societatea de asigurdri) capital sum ~ al disponibilitatilor banesti - cash on hand ~ al incasarilor - (unui magazin, totalul banilor din casierie) till money ~ al pasivului - total liabilities totaliza v.t. to totalize, to total, to tot up, to add up, to sum up; (a aduna) to add up, to cast up, to figure up v.i. to total tracta v. t. to haul tractor s. n. tractor ~ agricol - farm tractor ~ cu roti - wheel tractor ~ pe senile - caterpillar tractor ~ -remorcher - (la camioane) lorry tractor ~ universal - universal/all-purpose tractor

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350 TRA-TRA trafic s.n. 1. (corn.) traffic, trading; {corner} ilegal) traffic, illicit trading 2. traffic ~ aerian - air traffic ~ combinat - (feroviar ^.i rutier) joint traffic ~ comercial - commercial/trading traffic ~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel traffic ~ de influenta - wangle(s), pressure, intercession ~ de marfuri - goods/merchandise/ freight traffic, cargo turnover/ performance ~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk traffic ~ de marfuri perisabile - perishable traffic ~ de pasageri - passenger traffic ~ de tranzit - transit traffic, traffic in transit ~ expres - (de marfuri) express traffic ~ feroviar - railway traffic ~ intens/aglomerat - heavy traffic ~ maritim - marine/maritime/sea/ seaborne traffic, shipping ~ maritim de coasta - coastal traffic ~ maritim de linie - liner shipping ~ oceanic - ocean traffic ~ portuar - dock/harbour traffic ~ regulat - regular traffic traficant s.m. 1. trader, trafficker 2. (peiorativ) speculator, profiteer ~ de influenta - wangler trage v.t. (a scrie, a emite o cambie, tin cec, o tratd) to draw ~ foloase de pe urma - to derive benefit from ~ la sorti - to draw lots

tragere s.f. 1. (a unei cambii, a unui cec, a unei trate) drawing 2. {la loterie) drawing tramping s.n. (transport pe mare cu nave - tramp) tramping transatlantic adj. transatlantic s.n. transatlantic ship/vessel, ocean/Atlantic liner ~ de mare tonaj - superliner ~ rapid - crack liner transbord s.n. transshipment ~ vamal - transshipment bond note transborda v.t. to transship, to reload transbordare s.f. transshipment, reloading, transfer ~ de marfuri - goods transshipment ~ de pasageri - passenger transshipment ~ intre nave - ship-to-ship transfer transcontainer s.n. (container de transbordare) transcontainer transcrie v.t. 1. to transcribe 2. (a copia un act juridic intr-un registrii public special) (dr.) to register 3. (in cartea mare) (cont.) to post transcriere s.f. 1. transcription 2. (dr.) registration, registering 3. (in cartea mare) (cont.) posting ~ ipotecara - registration of mortgage transfer s.n. 1. transfer 2. (dr.) transfer; (cesiune) assignment; (de proprietate) conveyance ~ autorizat de actiuni - (bur.) certified transfer ~ bancar prin virament - bank transfer ~ de actiuni - share transfer ~ de capital - (intre doua tart) capital transfer/movement ~ de creante - transfer of debts ~ de fonduri - funds transfer

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TRA-TRA 351 ~ de fonduri prin posta - (sistemul cecurilor po^tale) postal giro ~ de tehnologie - technology transfer ~ de venituri - income transfer ~ efectiv de titluri de valoare - (de la vdnzdtor la cumpdrdtor) physical delivery of securities ~ electronic de date - electronic data transfer ~ electronic de fonduri - electronic funds transfer ~ electronic de fonduri la punctele de vanzare - {tranzactii pe baza de card) electronic funds transfer at point of sale ~ electronic de fonduri neautorizat - unauthorized electronic funds transfer ~ fraudulos - (de cdtre un debitor falit al unei parti din proprietatea sa pentru a msela creditorii) (dr.) fraudulent conveyance ~ interbancar de fonduri - interbank funds transfer ~ in alb — (de actiuni, numele cesionarului rdmdndnd necompletat in acte) blank transfer ~ telegrafic - (de fonduri) cable/wire transfer transfera v.t. 1. to transfer 2. (dr.) to transfer; (a ceda, a cesiond) to assign; (o proprietate) to convey, to make over, to release; (o proprietate funciard prin mdnd moarta) to amortize transferabil adj. transferable; (cesionabit) assignable transforma v.t. to transform; to convert ~ in bani/numerar - to convert into money/cash ~ in sistemul zecimal - to decimalize ~ un activ in numerar - to liquidate

transmisibil adj. transmissible; transferable transmite v.t. 1. (a inmdnd) to hand over, to deliver; (prin mandat) to remit 2. (a transfera) to transfer; (dr.) to transfer; (a ceda, a cesiond) to assign; (o proprietate) to convey, to make over, to release; (o proprietate funciar a prin mdnd moarta) to amortize; (prin testament) to demise 3. (o cambie, un cec prin andosare) to endorse over transmitere s.f. 1. (inmdnare) handing over, delivery; (expediere de bani) remittance 2. (transfer) transfer; (dr.) transfer; (cesionare) assignment; (a unei proprietdti) conveyance; (a unei proprietdti funciare prin mdnd moarta) amortization; (prin testament) demise 2. (a unei cambii, a unui cec prin andosare) endorsement ~ a dreptului de proprietate - transfer of ownership ~ necorespunzatoare - {a actiunilor) (bur.) bad delivery ~ prin vanzare - (a proprietdtii) conveyance on sale ~ voluntara/cu titlu gratuit - (a proprietdtii) voluntary conveyance/ consequence/disposition transnational adj. transnational transport s.n. 1. (transportare) transport, transportation, conveyance, carriage; (cdrdusie) haulage 2. (de mdrfuri pe apa) freight, freightage, cargo shipping; (de mdrfuri pe apa, iiscat sou calea aerului) (SUA) freight; (cu vagonul sau camionuJ) truckage, trucking; (cu tractiune animald) cartage ~ aerian - air transport ~ auto - automotive/motor transport

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TRA-TRA ~ cu nave-tramp - tramp shipping '-' cu §lepuri - lighterage ~ de animate vii - cattle traffic/ transport ~ de bu^teni - logging ~ de cabotaj - (mar.) coastwise/coastal shipping ~ de cereale - grain transport ~ de contrabands - carriage of contraband ~ de mare viteza - (c.f.) time freight '- de marfuri - goods transport/ carriage/traffic, load-carrying transport; (mar.') cargo/merchant shipping, freightage ~ de marfuri lichide - tanker trade ~ de marfuri refrigerate - (mar.) refrigerated shipping ~ de pasageri - passenger service/transport; (mar.) passenger shipping ~ de produse petroliere - (cu auto cister ne) oil trucking; (cu nave petroliere) oil shipment ~ feroviar/pe calea ferata - railway transport, rail carriage/transport, railage; (SUA) railroad transport ~ fluvial - river transport ~ in tranzit - transit transport ~ in vrac - carriage in bulk ~ maritim - marine/maritime transport, sea shipping/carriage, cargo shipping, carriage by sea ~ nevagonabil - (cu vagon incomplet) part-truckload consignment ~ oceanic - ocean shipping ~ pe apa - water carriage/transport/ haul, waterage ~ pe ape interioare - waterway traffic ~ pe distanta scurta - short haul

~ pe uscat - land carriage/transport. overland carriage/transport, transport by land ~ public - mass transit ~ - retur — (cu contraincdrcdturd) backhaul ~ rutier - road transport/haulage transportui in contui destinatarului - charges forward ~ in contui expeditorului - charges prepaid transporta v.t. to transport, to convey, to carry; (marfuri pe apa) to freight; (marfuri pe apa, uscat sou calea aerului) (SUA) to freight; (prin cdrau^ie) to haul ~ cu feribotnl - to ferry ~.cu nava-to ship ~ cu §lepuri - to lighter ~ cu vagonul-platforma sail cu camionul - to truck ~ pe calea ferata - to rail; (SUA) to railroad ~ prin conducta - to pipe transportabil adj. transportable; (portabil) portable transportat adj. transported, conveyed, carried ~ pe apa - waterbome ~ pe calea aerului - airborne ~ pe fluviu - riverborne ~ pe mare - seaborne transportator s.m. transporter, (contract) carrier; (rutier) (road) haulier tran§a s.f. (a unui imprumut) tranche ~ in aur - (cotd de participare, depusd in aur, de cdtre un stat - membru al FMI) gold tranche tranzactie s.f. 1. transaction, deal. dealing, bargain; (financiara) operation 2. agreement; settlement

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TRA-TRA ~ a la baisse — (bur.) bear transaction ~ a la hausse - {bur.) bull transaction ~ bancara — banking transaction ~ corecta - fair/square deal ~ cu marfa disponibila - spot deal/transaction ~ cu optiune - (prin care titluri de valoare sail mdrfuri sunt tranzactionate la data ,S7 pret specificat) (bur.) option business' dealing, privilege ~ cu plata in numerar - (In livrare) spot deal/transaction, cash transaction ~ de barter/in contrapartida - barter transaction ~ dezavantajoasa/Tn necuno$tinta de cauza - (dr.} unconscionable bargain ~ executata cu acordul partilor - locked-in trade ~ imobiliara — real estate transaction ~ in bloc - (de pachete mari de actiuni) block trading ~ in compensatie - compensation deal ~ in lant - chain transaction ~ in participate - deal on joint account ~ la termen - (bur.) time bargain ~ monetara - monetary transaction ~ necinstita - bogus/fraudulent transaction, unfair deal ~ neinregistrata contabil - no-book transaction ~ nemonetara - nonmonetary transaction ~ stransa/cu marja redusa de ca§tig - tight bargain ~ switch - (la export, realizatd in devize printr-o a treia tar a pentru eludarea reglementdrilor valutare) switch deal/transaction

tranzactii ale initiatilor - (directori de societdti, inaiti functionari care posedd informatii suplimentare despre anumite actiuni tranzactionate) (bur.) insider dealings/trading ~ asistate de calculator - (bur.) computer-aided/'-assisted trading ~ futures - (contracte de vdnzare sail ciimpdrare de mdrfiiri ori active financiare la o data viitoare prestabilita) futures transactions ~ in cliring - clearing transactions ~ la termen - forward dealings ~ marginale — (cu plena jumdtate in numerar, jumdtate pe credit) (bur.) margin trading ~ neoficiale/dupa inchiderea bursei - after-hours dealings ~ speculative/riscante - speculative operations tranzactiona v.t. to deal; to trade tranzactionare s.f. dealing; trading ~ de marfuri - (la bursa) commodity trading tranzit s.n. transit, through traffic tranzita v.t. to transit, to convey in transit v.i. to transit tranzitare s.f. transit; conveying in transit tranzitie s.f. transition ~ la economia de piata - transition to a market economy tras s.m. (debitor asupra cdruia s-a emis o cambie pe care este obligat sd o onoreze la scadentd) drawee tratat s.n. treaty, convention; (acord) agreement ~ comercial - commercial/trade treaty ~ de navigatie - navigation treaty/ convention tratative s.f. pi. talks, negotiations

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354 TRA-TRI ~ comerciale - trade negotiations/talks ~ in curs - negotiations in progress/under way ~ la nivel inalt - top-level talks ~ neoficiale - underdealings a fi in ~ cu cineva - to be in negotiation with smb. a incepe ~ - to enter into/to open negotiations/talks a purta ~ - to hold negotiations/talks, to carry on/to conduct negotiations trata s.f. draft, bill of exchange ~ bancara - bank/banker's draft ~ documentara/comerciala - (trasa de un exportator fi prezentatd cumpdrdtorului pentru acceptare) documentary draft ~ la termen - time draft ~ la vedere - presentation/sight draft ~ neacceptata - unaccepted draft ~ neonorata - (la scadentd) dishonoured draft trauler s.n. trawler (ship) ~ de pescuit - (fard prelucrarea pes- telui prins) catching/flsh/nonprocessing trawler ~ de pescuit costier - inshore trawler ~ frigorific - refrigerating trawler ~ maritim - deep-/distant - sea water ~ -uzina - (de pescuit si prelucrare a pestelui prins) trawler-factory, processing trawler tragator s.m. (persoand care emite o cambie) drawer treapta s.f. degree, scale; (etapd) stage; (rang) rank ~ de cotatie - (bur.) tick ~ de salarizare - wage scale, scale of wages ~ de salarizare mobila - sliding wage scale

trece v.t. 1. (a inregistra) to register; (pe o listd etc.) to enter 2. (o lege) to pass ~ in cont - (cont.) to enter/to carry/to put to account ~ la ordinea de zi - to proceed with the business of the day ~ prin vama - to clear to the customs tren s.n. train ~ de calatori - passenger train ~ de marfa - goods/cargo train; (de containere) freightliner; (SUA) freight train ~ direct - through/nonstop train ~ forestier - log train ~ local - local (train); (SUA) way train ~ mixt — (cu vagoane de marfa si calatori) mixed/composite/passenger and goods train ~ personal - passenger/slow train; (SUA) accommodation train ~ rapid - fast train, express (train) ~ rutier - (ansamblu autocamion--remorcd) lorry-/truck-trailer combination trezorerie s.f. treasury trezorierj'./n. treasurer tribunal s.n. tribunal, law court, court (of justice/law) ~ administrativ - administrative tribunal ~ civil - civil court ~ comercial - commercial court ~ competent - court of competent jurisdiction ~ cu jurisdictie generala - court of general jurisdiction ~ cu jurisdictie limitata - court or limited jurisdiction ~ de arbitraj - arbitration tribunal ~ de munca - industrial tribunal

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TRI-TUT 355 ~ de prima instanta - court of original jurisdiction ~ districtual/regional - district court ~ maritim - maritime/naval court ~ militar - military court ~ suprem - Supreme Court trimestrial adj. quarterly, trimestrial trimestru s.n. quarter (of year), trimester; (scalar) term trimis s.m. (diplomatic) envoy; (reprezentant, delegaf) representative, delegate ~ extraordinar si ministru plenipo- tentiar - envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary trimite v.t. to send (off), to dispatch; (prin posta) to post, to mail; (mdrfuri etc.) to forward ~ circulare - to circularize ~ in consignatie - (mdrfuri) to consign triplicat s.n. (al treilea exemplar) triplicate, third copy troc s.n. truck, swap, swapping, swop, dicker; barter a face ~ - to truck, to swap, to dicker; to barter trusa s.f. kit ~ de scule - tool kit/outfit/set

trust s.n. trust, pool ~ de transporturi maritime - shipping pool tura s.f. (schimb de lucru) shift ~ cu efectiv dublu - double shift ~ de lucru - working shift ~ de noapte - night shift ~ de zi - day shift turism-y.M. tourism, travel ~ in afara sezonului - off-season tourism twist s.m. tourist ~ - automobilist - tourer turnichet s.n. (care functioneazd dupd introducerea monedei, a cartelei etc.) paygate tutela s.f. (dr.) guardianship, trusteeship, wardship; (asupra unei averi) trust ~ activa - active trust ~ discretionara - discretionary trust ~ executorie - executory trust ~ prezumata/implicita - constructive trust ~ testamentara - testamentary trust tutore s.f. 1. (curator) guardian, tutor 2. (administrator, mandatar) administrator, trustee

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T tara s.f. country; nation ~ creditoare - creditor nation ~ cu sistem de asigurari sociale - welfare state ~ de destinatie - {a mdrfii) country of destination ~ de origine - (a mdrfii) country of origin ~ de tranzit - transit country ~ debitoare - red country ~ exportatoare - exporting country ~ maritima - maritime country ~ -membra - member country tari dezvoltate economic- developed countries ~ industrializate - industrial countries ~ in curs de dezvoltare - developing countries ~ in tranzitie la economia de piata - countries in transition to a market economy ~ subdezvoltate - underdeveloped/less developed countries tesatorie s.f. 1. (meserie, artd) weaving, weaver's trade 2. (atelier) weaving mill tine v.t. 1. {mdrfuri m stoc pentru vdnzare) to keep; (a pastrd) to keep, to hold; {contabilitatea, evidenta) to keep 2. (a refine) to retain 3. (a administrd)

to manage, to administer 4. (a intretine) to keep up, to mantain ~ casa - (corn.) to keep the cash, to act as cashier ~ contabilitatea - to keep the accounts/books, to do the bookkeeping ~ inflatia sub control - to curb the inflation ~ in buna stare - to keep in good repair ~ la dispozitia cuiva - to hold at smb.'s disposal ~ la pret - to keep/to stick to the prices ~ marfuri in magazin - to keep articles/goods in the shop ~ o sedinta - to hold a meeting ~ seama de - to take into account ~ un discurs - to deliver/to make a speech tinta s.f. (obiectiv) target titei s.n. crude oil/petroleum, petroleum ~ brut - crude/raw oil, petroleum crude ~ fara gaze - dead oil ~ greu - heavy crude oil ~ usor - light crude oil, light fuel (oil) tol s.m. (imitate de mdsura pentru lungime) inch

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u ucenics.m. apprentice, improver a intra (ca) ~ - to be apprenticed (to a trade), to be bound apprentice (to a trade), to be indentured'articled ucenicie s.f. apprenticeship, prenticehood a da la ~ (la) - to bind apprentice (to), to put apprentice (to), to apprentice (to), to indent (to) uium s.n. (la moara) toll a-si lua uiumul - (despre morar) to toll ulaj s.n. (spatiu Idsat liber in tancurile unei nave petroliere, in cisterne sau in butoaie dupd incdrcare, pentru a se asigura loc de expansiune lichidului) ullage ultim adj. last, final, ultimate, closing ultima citire - (citirea tuturor cursurilor stabilite mtr-o sedintd bursierd, in prezenta agentilor de schimb la includerea tranzactiilor) final reading ~ distribuire - (a profitului unei societdti, sub forma dividendelor, fdcuta de obicei la sfdrsit de an) final distribution ~ licitare - closing bid ~ somatic — (adresatd unui datornic) final application/notice ~ zi de tranzactionare - (bur.) last trading day ultimul curs - closing price ~ intrat, primul iesit - (metodd de control al stocurilor, care presupune ca ultimele mdrfuri cumpdrate vor fi utilizate primele in procesul de productie) (cont.) last-in, first-out

~ pret - final price ~ termen - final date ultimo adv. (termen ce semnificd ultima zi a lunii, folosit frecvent pentru a desemna operatiile lunare de lichi- dare) ultimo uncie s.f. (imitate de mdsura pentru greutate) ounce ~ lichida - fluid ounce unealta s.f. (working) tool, utensil, implement, instrument unelte agricole - agricultural/farming implements uni v.t. (intr-unfond comun capitaluri, beneficii etc.) to pool v.r. (a fuziona; despre companii} to merge, to amalgamate, to consolidate unifica v.t. {companii) to amalgamate, to consolidate v.r. {a fuziona) to merge, to amalgamate, to consolidate unificare s.f. (fuziune) merging, merger, amalgamation, consolidation unitate s.f. unit ~ agricola de cont - agricultural unit of account ~ de consum - consumption unit ~ de cont - unit of account ~ de cost - cost unit ~ de emitere a ordinelor si de conducere — (principiu managerial conform cdruia un salariat trebuie sd primeascd indicatii de la un singur superior) unity of command and direction ~ de masura - unit of measure ~ de navlu - (mar.) freight unit ~ de plata - payment unit

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358 UNI-UTI ~ de productie - production unit ~ de produs - product item ~ de valoare - unit of value ~ decizionala - (man.) decision- -making unit ~ economica cu deficit - (cu cheltuieli mai mari decdt veniturile) deficit/surplus spending unit ~ europeana de cont - European Unit of Account ~ monetara - monetary unit ~ monetara de cont - accounting currency, money of account ~ monetara europeana - European Currency Unit ~ monetara oficiala - (a unei tdri) standard money ~ strategica de afaceri - (cea mai mica unitate a unei corporatii care poate aplica o strategic independents) (man.) strategic business unit ~ volumetrica - cubic measure uniune s.f. 1. union 2. confederation ~ economica - economic union ~ monetara - monetary union ~ postala - postal union ~ vamala - customs/tariff union universal adj. 1. universal, world-wide 2. all-/general-purpose urbanism s.n. town/city/municipal planning urbanist s.m. urbanist, town planner urbanistica s.f. town planning urbaniza v.t. to urbanize urea v.;. (a creste) to rise, to go up; (despre cursuri bursiere) to trade up; (a spori) to increase urgenta v.t. to speed up; (a accelera) to accelerate; (a rep-olva urgent) to expedite

~ livrarea/predarea - to speed up delivery urmari v.t. (in justitie) to sue, to bring an action against, to take proceedings against urmarire s.f. (judiciara) action, lawsuit, prosecution ~ in caz de faliment - debt collection under bankruptcy proceedings ~ pentru datorii - execution for debts ~ pentru realizarea gajului - debt collection for realization of pledged property urmator adj. next, following, subsequent; (succesiv) successive urmatorul andosator - subsequent endorser ~ detinator - subsequent holder utila v.t. to equip, to fit out utilaj s.n. equipment, machinery, plant (stock); facility ~ agricol - farm equipment, agricultural machinery ~ de manipulare a marfurilor - cargo handling equipment ~ de remorcare - haulage equipment/gear; (mar.) towage/towing equipment ~ de stivuire - stevedore equipment ~ petrolier - oil equipment ~ portuar - docking facility, port equipment utilitara s.f. commercial car/vehicle, package car utilitate s.f. 1. utility, usefulness 2. pi. (servicii publice de apa, gaze, electricitate etc.) utilities utilitati publice - public utilities utiliza v.t. to utilize, to use utilizare ..s'./ utilization, use; employment

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UTI-UZU 359 ~ anterioara - (a unei inventii brevetate) prior use ~ finala — (utilizarea umii produs de cdtre beneficiarul final) end use ~ neautorizata - unauthorized use utilizator^.m. user ~ final - (beneficiarul final al unui produs) end-user ~ frecvent - (comparator frecvent al unui produs) heavy user uza v.i. to use, to make use of; to utilize v.r. to wear uzanta s.f. 1. (reguli de comportament comercial rezultdnd din institutio- nalizarea practicilor de afaceri) usage, practice, custom 2. (stabilirea terme- nului de platd pentru cambia ce trebuie achitatd intr-o tard strdind, potrivit practicii uzuale comerciale) usance ~ a portului - custom of the port ~ comerciala - commercial custom/ usage, trade custom/usage, practice of trade, commercialism uzante ale profesiunii - professional practices uzina v.t. to tool uzina s.f. plant, works; (fabricu) factory; (intreprindere} enterprise ~ constructoare de ina$ini machine/engineering works ~ de apa - waterworks

~ electrica - power station ~ furnizoare - supply plant ~ metalurgica - metal works, iron and steel plant uzual adj. usual, customary uzucapiune s.f. (prescriptie achitizivd, mod de dobandire a proprietdtii imobiliare prin efectui unei posesiuni prelungite de bund-credinta) (dr.) usucaption, usucapion, usucapio, acquisitive prescription uzufruct s.n. (dr.) usufruct, beneficial ownership/interest ~ viager - (dr.) life interest uzufructuar adj. usufructuary s.m. usufructuary, beneficial owner uzura s.f. wear (and tear), wearing; attrition ~ fizica - (pierderea treptatd a caracteristicilor tehnice si functionale ale bunurilor de capital fix, urmare a folosirii lor in procesul de productie) depreciation, capital consumption ~ morala - (deprecierea capitalului fix ca urmare a progresului tehnic) obsolescence ~ normala - ordinary/usual/fair wear and tear ~ prin frecare - (a marfwilor in limpid transportului) wear by chafing

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v vacant adj. 1. (despre un post, un Joe etc.) vacant; (despre un post) void 2. (fard proprietar; despre buiuiri, mosteniri) abeyant a deveni ~ — (despre un post) to fall in vacanta s.f. 1. holiday(s); (universitara, judiciara) vacation; (parla.menta.ru, judiciara) recess 2. (post vacant) vacancy vad s.n. (corn.) good custom, prosperous business; (loc frecventat de clientele!) place of great resort; shop with a large custom vagon s.n. 1. railway carriage, coach, car; (de mar/a) waggon; (platforma) truck 2. (de tramvai) tramcar; (SUA) street car, trolley(car) 3. (incdrcdturd) waggon load; (SUA) carload ~ - cisterna - tank waggon/car ~ de calatori - railway coach/car ~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel car ~ de dormit - sleeping car ~ de marfa - (goods) waggon; (acoperif) van; (SUA) freight car, freighter ~ frigorific - refrigerated waggon ~ incomplet - part truckload ~ -platforma - platform waggon, truck, lorry; (SUA) flatcar ~ -platforma pentru transportui animalelor vii - cattletmck ~ -platforma pentru transportui bu$tenilor - timber tmck ~ plin/complet - truckload ~ postal - mail van/car ~ -restaurant - dining/restaurant car

valabil adj. 1. (despre un titlii, un argument etc.) valid 2. (dr.) (activ, in vigoare) valid, available, effective, effectual; (autentic) authentic 3. (despre monede) current, good, passable; (despre bilete) valid, available, good valabilitate s.f. \. (dr.) validity, availability, effectuamess, force 2. (a unui bilet, a unui pasaport) availability, validity valid adj. (valabil, in vigoare) valid valida v.t. to validate; (a ratified) to ratify; (un document) to authenticate valoare s.f. value; (pret) worth ~ a activelor - asset value ~ a activelor pe actiune - (valoarea contabild totald a activelor unei socie- tdti impartitd la numdrul de actiuni comiine emise) asset backing/value per share ~ a marfurilor nevamuite - bonded value ~ a monedei — (puterea de cumpdrare a monedei unei tdri) value of money, money value ~ a politei de asigurare - sum insured/of insurance ~ a unei proprietati imobiliare - (minus suma ipotecilor) equity ~ a vanzarilor pe piata interna - home sales ~ a venitului - income value ~ actuala - present value ~ adaugata — (diferenta dintre inca- sdrile totale ale unei firme din vdn- zarea produselor si a serviciilor si

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VAL-VAL 361 pidtile fdcute cdtre furnizori) added value, value added ~ anuala - (a uniii activ, luatd ca baza de calcul a impozitelor) (fin.) annual value ~ asigurata - insurance/insured value, amount of insurance ~ bruta - gross value ~ bursiera - stock exchange/market value ~ capitalizata/de randament - (yaloarea actuald a unui activ calculatd prin capitalizarea bene- ficiilor sale viitoare cu ajutorul unei rate determinatd de capitalizare) capitalized income value ~ comerciala - commercial/sales/ market value ~ compensata - value here and there ~ contabila - book value ~ contractuala - contract value ~ convenita - (a politei de asigurare) agreed value ~ de amortizare/rambursare - redemption value ~ de asigurare - insurance value ~ de cumparare - purchase value ~ de inventar - inventory/stocktaking value ~ de ipotecare - hypothecation value ~ de piata - market value ~ de plasament/portofoliu - (a unui titlu de valoare) investment value ~ de rascumparare - (a unei polite de asigurare) surrender value ~ de rentabilitate - value in earning power ~ de revanzare - resale value ~ de schimb - exchange value ~ de sistare — (a unei activitdu de afaceri) break-up value

~ declarata - (in vama) declared value ~ economica - economic value ~ efectiva/reala - effective value ~ estimata - estimated/appraised value ~ extrinseca - extrinsic value ~ facturata - invoice/invoiced value ~ finala - end value ~ fiscala/impozabila - tax/taxable value ~ furnizata - value given ~ intrinseca - (a unei monede, a unui produs etc.) intrinsic value ~ in cont - value in account ~ in rise - (asig.) interest at risk ~ in uz — (yaloarea unui teren sail a unei cladiri pe piata. dacd se pdstreazd aceeasi destinatie si aceleasi dotdri ca in momentui vinderii) existing-use value ~ in vama - customs/tariff value ~ in ziua primirii - value day of receipt ~ intreaga - full value ~ locativa - rental value ~ (locativa) impozabila - rat(e)able value ~ maxima - maximum/peak value ~ medie -- average/mean value ~ neta - net value; (valoarea unei societdti reprezentdnd activele totale minus pasivele totale) net worth, owner's equity ~ neta a profitului - net profit value ~ neta actualizata - (cont.) net present value ~ neta in stare buna - (asig.) net sound value ~ neta realizabila - (cont.) net realizable value

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362 VAL-VAL ~ nominala - (sumd exigibild inscrisd pe un titlu, o bancnotd sau o monedd metalica) nominal/face/par value ~ practica — (a unui produs raportatd la utilitatea sa pentru om) value in use ~ prescrisa/ceruta - set value ~ primita - (formula pe o cambie) received value ~ ramasa - remainder value ~ reala - actual/real/true value ~ reala de piata - fair market value ~ reziduala — (yaloarea rdmasd a unui activ depreciable) (cont.) residual value; {yaloarea unui activ de capital la sfdr^itui perioadei specificate; in problemele de alocare a capitalului, ea reprezintd pretui actual pe piata al unui activ la mdna a doud) {fin.) salvage value - totala - aggregate value ~ unitara - (coeficient care exprimd valoarea totala a unei anumite productii comerciale, intr-o perioadd determinatd de timp, impdrtitd la •volumul acesteia} unit value •~ viltoare — (a iinei sume de bani cu dohdnda compusa) future value valor! ale marcii - brand values ~ imobiliare -- (terenuri, imobile etc.) real estate/property ~ mobiliare - (titluri de valoare tiegociabile pe piata financiara) movable assets, movables, negotiable instruments Ysiora v.i. to be worrh; (de:;pre wim) to exchange for '- iaai iiiult 'leclti. •- l.o outvalue 1"- mult - io be wonli misch -- putsn - to be worils liilie

valorifica v.t. to make good use of, to turn to good account, to render profitable/valuable; (o rnla^tind, un teren viran) to reclaim; (de^euri) to recover valoros adj. valuable, precious valutar adj. currency..., money... valuta s.f. (foreign) currency, foreign exchange ~ blocata - (valuta a caret schimbare intr-o altd valuta este interzisd) blocked currency ~ -cheie — (valuta folositd ca termen de referintd pentru monedele satelite) key currency ~ comerciala — (folositd in schimburile comerciale Internationale) trading currency ~ contractuala - (stipulatd in contract) contract currency ~ de cont - account currency ~ de referinta - {valuta forte infunctie de care se stabileste paritatea unei monede mai slabe) anchor currency ~ de rezerva - reserve currency ~ efectiva - effective currency ~ forte - hard currency ~ instabila - unstable currency ~ internationala - international currency, world money ~ liber convertibiSa - freely convertibie currency ~ inixta - (formatd din monede de dijerite metale yi bancnote) mixed •'inTcncy ••• fiecoRv^irtlbija - soil ciirrency

pentru di;»"i,t'4;.€?i ii'.^^r-HQr /^'li'fiivte s^ot '''lUTRnrv

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VAM-VAN 363 vamal adj. customs... vama s.f. 1. (institutie, administratie) customs; (cladire, sediu) custom(s) house 2. {taxa) duty, toll; pi. customs vames s.m. customs officer, collector of customs; searcher vandabil adj. merchantable, sal(e)able, vendible, marketable, realizable a fi greu ~ - to be hard to sell, to go off slowly a fi usor ~ - to command a ready sale, to sell off readily, to be quick of sale vandabilitate s.f. sal(e)ability, vendibility, marketability varia v.t., v.i. to vary, to change variabil adj. variable, changeable; (instabil) unstable, unsteady; (fluctuant) fluctuating variatie s.f. variation; fluctuation ~ a cererii - demand variation ~ a preturilor - price variation/ fluctuation vamui v.t. to charge custom duties for; (mar.) to clear vamuire s.f. charging custom duties for; (mar.) clearing, clearance vamuit adj. duty-paid; ex bond varsa v.t. (bani intr-un cont) to pay in varsamant^.n. payment ~ la darea comenzii - payment order vanator s.m. hunter ~ de capete — (agentie sau persoand specializatd in gdsirea fi recrutarea de manageri cu experientd sau personal cu inaltd calificare) headhunter ~ de posturi/functii - office hunter vandut adj. sold ~ in magazin/cu amanuntui - across- -the-counter ~ in totalitate - sold-out vanzare s.f. Sdic, semis^

~ a bunurilor sub sechestru - distress sale/selling ~ a marfurilor neridicate la termen - {din vama) rummage sale ~ agresiva/in forta - (insotitd de publicitate agresivd/zgomotoasd) hard selling ~ angro - wholesale sale ~ combinata - (plasarea produselor complementare unele Idngd altele in magazin) cross selling ~ conditionata - conditional sale; {de cumpdrarea altui produs) tie-in sale ~ conform descrierii - (fdcute mdrfii de vanzdtor) sale by description ~ contra numerar/cu plata in numerar - cash sale, sale for cash ~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - retail/ across-the-counter sale ~ cu livrare la termen - sale for future delivery ~ de actiuni pe o piata in crestere - {dacd cresterea atinge un anumit nivel) (bur.) averaging out ~ de albituri/panza de in - white sale ~ de articole ieftine prin intro- ducerea lor intr-o linie de produse scumpe - trading up ~ de articole ieftine $i de calitate inferioara — (pentru a asigura volumul de vdnzdri) trading down ~ de proba - sale on trial ~ de titluri de valoare (dintr-un portofoliu) si inlocuirea lor cu altele de clasa inferioara - trading down ~ din disponibil - spot sale ~ din fabrica - factory sale ~ directa/fara intermediari - direct sale/selling -•' fara acoperire - {de actiuni sa"

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364 VAN-VAR inca) (bur.) selling short, short sale, shorting ~ fara garantii — (privind starea mdrfii) sale as seen ~ fictiva - fictitious sale; (pentru a crea impresia cd anumite actiuni sunt foarte cdutate) (bur.) wash sale ~ fortata/nedorita - (a actiunilor in scopul obtinerii de lichiditdti pentru plata unor datorii) (bur.) forced selling ~ fortata a unui produs greu vandabil - (impreund cu unul solicitat) third-line forcing ~ ieftina - (lichidare) clearance sale ~ inertiala - (metodd de marketing prin care unele produse sunt expediate prin postd potentialilor clienti fdrd ca acedia sd Ie fi comandat) inertia selling ~ in comision - sale by/on commission ~ in pierdere - sacrifice sale - In rate - instalment rate '- la inventar - stocktaking sale ~ la licitatie - auction sale, sale by auction ~ la sfar§it de sezon - end-of-season sale ~ la sosire - (a mdrfurilor) sale on arrival ~ la termen - forward/time sale; (bur.} sale for the account/settlement ~ lenta - slow sale ~ neagresiva/prin reclama persua- siva - soft selling ~ ocazionala - occasional sale ~ particulara/prin buna intelegere - private sale ~ pe baza de acord privat - sale by private treaty ~ pe baza de mostre - sale by/on sample

~ pe baza de oferta inchisa - sale by sealed tender ~ pe credit - credit sale, sale on credit ~ prin intermediar - indirect sale ~ publica - public sale; auction sale ~ rapida/u$oara - ready/quick sale ~ silita - (prin licitatie) compulsory sale; (prin hotdrdre judecdtoreascd) sale by order of the court ~ (silita) pentru neplata impozitelor - tax sale ~ voluntara - voluntary sale vanzari masive - heavy sales ~ nete - net sales ~ prin telefon - telephone selling ~ speculative - speculative selling a pune in vanzare - to put on the market, to put up for sale; to expose/to offer for sale vanzatoare s.f. saleswoman, salesgirl, shopgirl, saleslady, shop assistant vanzator s.m. 1. seller; vendor 2. (in magazin) shop assistant, salesman, shopman, salesclerk 3. (in cuvinte compuse) monger ~ ambulant - pedlar, peddler, huckster; (pe stradd) street/pavement/ kerb trader ~ de ziare/reviste - newsagent ~ ferm - firm seller ~ in posesia marfii - seller in possession ~ marginal - (ale cdrui cheltuieli sunt egale cu venitui obtinut din vdnzdri) marginal seller ~ nenominalizat - (bur.) undisclosed seller varsta s.f. age ~ admisa - (in cazul unei polite de usigurare de viatd) (asig.) age admitted

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VAR-VER 365 ~ de pensionare - retiring/pensionable age vechime s.f. {in munca) length/years of service; (mare in munca) seniority ~ -limita/de inlocuire - (a unui utilaj) replacement age vehiculj'.«. vehicle, conveyance ~ comercial/utilitar - commercial vehicle/car venit s.n. income; (al statului din taxe §i impozite) revenue; pi. (incasdri, profit) receipts, proceeds ~ activ - (din salariii) active income ~ anticipat - expected income ~ anual - annual revenue, annual/ yearly income; (pbtinut din exploatarea unui teren) purchase ~ brut - gross income ~ de transfer — (yenituri specifice formate prin procesul de redistribuire a venitului national - pensii, ajutoare de ^ornaj etc.) transfer income ~ din activitatea curenta - ordinary income ~ din comisioane - fee income ~ din diverse surse - miscellaneous income ~ din exploatare - operating income ~ din inchirieri - rental income ~ din salariu - earned income ~ discretionar - discretionary income ~ disponibil — (yenitui personal dupd plata impozitelor) disposable/available income ~ financiar - (dividende, dobdnzi etc.) financial income ~ fiscal - tax/inland revenue ~ fix - fixed income ~ funciar - revenue from land ~ impozabil - taxable/assessable income

~ in natura - income in kind ~ marginal - (sporul de venit obtinut prin folosirea unei unitati suplimentare dintr-un factor de productie, respectiv a unei unitati din toti factorii de productie implicati, din toate resursele atrase ^ifolosite) marginal revenue ~ mediu - (yaloarea totald a vdnzd- rilor impdrtitd la numdrul de unitati vdndute) average revenue ~ mic/redus - small income; pittance ~ national - national income ~ nemuncit - (rente, dobdnzi, dividende) investment/unearned income ~ nepermanent - transitory income ~ net - net income ~ nominal - (exprimat in preturi curente, in unitati monetare la puterea lor de cumpdrare curenta) nominal income ~ obisnuit/curent/fix - regular income ~ ocazional - perquisite ~ ordinar - (pbtinut din activitatea normald de exploatare) ordinary income ~ pasiv - passive income ~ permanent - permanent income ~ public - public revenue ~ real - real income ~ real tinand seama de inflatie - income adjusted for inflation ~ suplimentar - supplementary income ~ supranumerar - supernumerary income ~ teoretic/imaginar - notional income verifica v.t. to verify; (a controla) to control, to check up; (a examina) to examine; (registre contabile) to audit

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366 VER-VIN ~ greutatea monedelor - (la monetdrie) to pound verificare s.f. verification; (control) control, check, checking, checkup; (examinare) examination; (contabild, fmanciara) auditing ~ a respectarii legislatiei in vigoare - compliance examination ~ a titlului de proprietate - examination of title verificator s.m. controller, inspector; checker; (revizor contabil) auditor ~ de masuri si greutati - inspector of weights and measures veritabil adj. genuine, veritable, real; (nefalsificat) unadulterated, pure; (autentic) authentic verso s.n. verso, back, reverse via prep. via viager adj. life..., lifelong... vicepresedinte s.m. vice-president; (al unui comitet, al unui consilhi) vice- -chairman, deputy chairman viciu s.n. vice ~ de forma - (dr.) flaw ~ inerent - (unei mdrfi) inherent vice vigoare s.f. (dr.) effect, force a fi in ~ - to run a intra in ~ - to come into effect/force, to become effective, to take effect a pune o lege in ~ - to give effect to a law vilegiaturist^.m. holidaymaker vms.n. wine ~ acru - tart/sourish wine ~ alb - white wine ~ de calitate - vintage ~ de masa - (ordinary) table/dinner wine ~ de Porto - port (wine) ~ de Rin - hock

~ duice - sweet wine ~ fiert - mulled wine ~ frantuzesc - claret ~ gol - neat/unadulterated/undiluted wine ~ nou - new wine ~ rosu - red wine ~ sec - dry wine ~ spaniol - sherry ~ spumos - sparkling wine ~ tare - strong wine ~ vechi - old wine vinde v.t. to sell; (dr.) to vend v.r. (a face vdnzare; a fi de vdnzare) to sell v.i. to sell ~ angro/cu ridicata - to wholesale, to sell (by) wholesale ~ contra numerar - to sell for cash ~ cu acoperire - to sell for delivery ~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - to retail, to sell(by) retail ~ cu comision - to sell on commission ~ cu profit - to sell at a profit ~ cu reducere/rabat - to sell at a discount, to discount ~ de proba - to sell on trial ~ din disponibil - to sell for spot delivery ~ fara acoperire - to sell short ~ ieftin - to sell cheap ~ in pierdere - to sell at a loss/sacrifice, to sacrifice, to bargain away ~ in magazin - to sell over the counter ~ in vrac - to sell in bulk ~ intregul stoc - to sell out ~ la greutate - to sell by weight ~ la licitatie - to sell at/by auction, to auction (off) ~ la solduri - to sell off, to clear off ~ la pret scazut - to sell at a low price

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VIN-VIZ 367 ~ la pretui sau cursul eel mai avantajos - to sell at best ~ la termen - to sell forward ~ liber - (un articol vdndut pe cartela} to deration ~ mai ieftin/sub pret - to undersell, to undercut ~ mai mult - (deceit se poate livra sau existd in stoc) to oversell ~ marfuri in expeditie - (mar.) to sell afloat ~ pe baza de comision - to sell on commission ~ pe baza de mostre - to sell by/on sample ~ pe credit - to sell on credit ~ scump - to sell dear ~ sub pretui de cost - to sell below cost ~ surplusul de titluri de stat - to overfund a se ~ bine/usor - to sell well/readily, to go off/through, to find a ready market a se ~ cu - to go for a se ~ mai bine sau mai scump - (decdt altd mar/a) to outsell vinicol adj. vinicultural vinicultura s.f. viniculture vinificatie s.f. vinification, wine preparation/making/production viola v.t. (legea) to infringe, to break; (o proprietate, ofrontiera) to trespass vira v.t. (bani) to transfer virament s.n. transfer (of funds) ~ bancar - bank transfer vite s.f. pi. cattle ~ cornute - homed cattle ~ de carne - store cattle ~ de rasa - blood/breeding stock, pedigree cattle

~ de tractiune - draught cattle ~ mici/marunte - small cattle ~ vii - (categoric de marfa) live cattle viteza s.f. speed, velocity ~ comerciala/de exploatare - {mar.) commercial/schedule/operating/ operational speed ~ contractuala - contract speed ~ de rotatie - (rate of) turnover ~ de rotatie a activelor - asset turnover ~ de rotatie/circulatie a banilor - velocity of circulation; (SUA) velocity of money ~ de rotatie/circulatie a banilor in economic - (din punctui de vedere al cheltuielilor) transaction velocity of money; (din punctui de vedere al veniturilor) income velocity of money ~ de rotatie a debitorilor - accounts receivable turnover ~ de rotatie a stocurilor - inventory turnover viticultor s.m. • viniculturist, winegrower viticultura s.f. viticulture, winegrowing vitrina s.f. shop front, show. window, showcase, shopwindow, window case viza v.t. (apune o vizdpe} to visa viza s.f. visa ~ consulara - consular visa ~ de intrare - entry visa ~ de tranzit - transit visa ~ turistica - tourist visa vizita v.t. to visit, to pay a visit to; (in interes profesional, de afaceri) to pay/to make a call on; (o regiune pentru colectarea de comenzi sau strdngerea de voturi) to canvass

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368 VIZ-VOT vizita s.f. visit; (profesionald, afaceri) (official) call voiaj s.n. travel; trip, tour; (pe apd sail in aer) voyage; {in special pe uscat) journey; (pe mare) sail ~ contractual - contract voyage ~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/ coastwise/domestic voyage ~ de inapoiere - (a navel) homeward voyage ~ de predare - (a navel la expirarea termenului de navlosire) delivery voyage ~ dus-intors - round voyage/trip, out and home voyage ~ fluvial — river voyage ~ in balast - (mar.) ballast voyage ~ in circuit - tour ~ in strainatate - (mar.) foreign/ outward voyage ~ oceanic - ocean voyage voiaj a v.i. to travel, to journey; to tour, to go touring; (pe mare) to voyage voiaj or s.m. traveller; (pe apd sail in aer) voyager ~ comercial - commercial traveller; (SUA) salesman volum s.n. 1. (carte) volume 2. volume, capacity; (mdrime) size ~ al capitalului - size of the capital ~ al exporturilor - volume of exports ~ al importurilor - volume of imports ~ al schimburilor comerciale - volume of trade - al transportului de pasageri - passenger traffic ~ de afaceri - extent of business ~ de marfuri operat zilnic - daily turnover ~ de marfuri transportate - cargo performance, freight traffic

~ de marfuri transportate pe mare - maritime/seaborne traffic ~ de munca - volume of work ~ de vanzari ale articolelor de consum curent - repeat purchase sales volume ~ efectiv al pietei - actual market volume ~ total al productiei - total volume of production \ots.n. vote, suffrage; (votare) voting ~ consultativ - consultative/advisory vote ~ cu majoritatea ceruta - (de doud treimi) qualified vote ~ cumulativ - (metodd de vot care permits voturi multiple pentru un membni al consiliuliii de administratie) cumulative voting ~ de blam - vote of censure ~ de incredere - vote of confidence ~ decisiv — (al presedintelni iinei adundri, cdnd numdriil votiirilor pro si contra este egal) casting vote ~ deschis - open vote ~ prin delegat/mandat - card vote ~ prin reprezentare - (la adunarea actionarilor) proxy ~ prin ridicarea mainii - show of hands ~ reprezentativ - (la adundrile sindicale) block vote ~ secret - (vote by) ballot, secret ballot/voting, poll ~ universal - universal suffrage a avea ~ deliberativ - to be entitled to speak and vote a lua parte la ~ - to go to the poll(s), to vote a proceda la ~ - to take the vote

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VOT-VRA

vota v.t. to vote; (a alege) to elect, to poll for; (im proiect de lege in parlamenf} to pass, to carry v.i. to give one's vote; (pentru) to vote (for); (impotriva) to vote (against); (in parlament) to come to a division ~ bugetui - to pass the budget ~ pentru parlament - to elect as member of parliament ~ prin ridicare de maini - to vote by (a) show of hands votants.m. voter •vracs.n. bulk vrachier s.n. (navd pentru transportiil marfurilor in vrac) bulk cargo camer/ship/vessel, dry bulk carrier, bulk freighter/trader

369

~ combinat - (miner en-petrol sail carbune-minereu ^i minereu-marfa in vrac-petrol) combined/combination bulk carrier; (minereu-marfun solide in vrac-petrol) ore-bulk-oil carrier, oil- -bulk-ore carrier, OBO carrier ~ mixt - (lemne-marfuri in vrac) log- -cum-bulk ~ pentru marfuri in vrac $i mine- reuri - bulk-cum-ore carrier ~- pentru marfuri uscate §i lichide - bulk-cum-oil can'ier ~ pentru minereuri $i produse petroliere - ore-oil carrier, 00 carrier ~ specializat - specialized bulk carrier ~ standard - standard bulk carrier ~ universal - general-purpose/ universal bulk carrier

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w

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warant s.n. (recipisd §i titlu de proprietate asupra mdrfurilor, eliberat de antrepozitui in care acestea sunt depuse, servind ca titlu de valoare, transmisibil si negociabil, §i pentru obtinerea de credite in conditii de gaj) warrant wattmetru s.n. wattmeter wattora s.f. watt-hour wattormetru s.m. watt-hour meter

x

xenodolari s.m. pi. (dolari pe piete xerox s. n. xerox strdine) xenodollars xeroxa v.t. to xerox

Y yankei s.m. pi. {titluri de valoare pe piata americand; actiuni ale companiilor americane} Yankees

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z zacamants.n. deposit ~ aluvionar cu continut industrial de aur - pay gravel ~ de carbuni - coal deposit ~ de minereuri - ore/mineral deposit, ore bed ~ de petrol - petroleum deposit, oil field zero num., s.n. (in matematicd) zero; (la telefon) o; (in sport) nil; (la termometru) zero; (punct de inghet) freezing point zi s.f. \. day; (din cursul sdptdmdnii, fdrd sdmbdtd si dummied) weekday 2. (data) date ~ calendaristica - calendar day ~ cu program scurt - (cdnd magazinele sunt inchise dupd-amiaza) early closing day ~ de contango - (bur.) contango/ continuation day ~ de declarare a numelor - (cumpdrdtorilor) (bur) name/ticket day ~ de declaratie - (ultima zi in care titularul unei optiuni poate decide dacd o pdstreazd sau mi) (bur.) declaration day ~ de depunere - (a declaratiei vamale) day of entry ~ de tnchidere a situatiilor financiare - (pentru un audit) cut-off date ~ de lichidare/reglementare - (bur.) account/settlement/settling day ~ de plata — (a salariului) payday; (a mdrfurilor cumpdrate prin licitatie la bursa de mdrfuri) prompt day ~ de plata trimestriala - quarter/term day

~ de report - carry-over day ~ de sarbatoare - holiday, red-letter day ~ de scadenta - maturity date - de targ- market day - legala - (zi completd care dureazd pdnd la miezul noptii, moment pdnd cdnd un debitor are termen legal pentru a-si achita datoria scadenta) legal day ~ libera - day off, off day ~ lucratoare/de lucru - working/ business/black-letter day, workday, weekday ~ lucratoare cu ore suplimentare - long day ~ lucratoare cu program esalonat/Ia ore diferite - (alcdtuit de firme pentru a evita aglomeratia pe mijioacele de transport) staggered working day ~ lucratoare cu vreme favorabila - weather working day ~ lucratoare de 24 de ore - (in trei schimburi) working day of 24 hours ~ -munca - work-day unit ~ nelucratoare - nonbusiness/red- -letter day; (pentru band) bank holiday zile consecutive - (inchisiv duminicile §i sdrbdtorile legate) consecutive days ~ cumulative - cumulative days ~ curgatoare - (m contarea staliilor) {mar.) running days ~ de contrastalii - {mar.) demurrage/ overlay days ~ de gratie - (pentru plata unei datorii scadente) days of grace ~ {de lucru) pierdute - {din cauza iinui conflict de mimed) lost days

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374 ZIL-ZON ~ de stationare in port - (a unei nave In exploatare) port days ~ de traversada - (de navigatie in largul oceanului) passage days ~ dupa prezentare - (formula pe o cambie) days after sight ~ economisite - (in operarea navel} dispatch days ~ libere - (prima si ultima zi mi intrd in contarea timpului de operare) (mar.) clear days a fi la zi - (cu plata datoriilor) to have no arrears; (cu evidenta contabila) to have one's books in perfect order ziar s.n. (news)paper, journal; (cotidian) daily (paper); (monitor oficial) gazette ~ de anunturi/reclame - advertiser ~ de dimineata - morning paper ~ de seara - evening paper ~ economic - trade paper/journal a da la ~ - to insert/to publish in a paper a da un anunt la ~ - to advertise in a newspaper ziarist s.m. journalist, newspaperman, pressman, newsman; (reporter) reporter; (corespondent) correspondent zilier s.m. day labourer/worker, journeyman ~ angajat la recoltat - harvest hand zonal adj. zonal, zone... zonare s.f. zonation zona s.f. zone, area, region zona dolarului - dollar area ~ francului francez - French franc area ~ lirei sterline - sterling area zona afectata de criza - (somaj, saracie etc.) depressed area ~ agricola - agricultural area ~ bancara libera - free banking area

~ comerciala/industriala - trading estate ~ costiera - coastal area/zone, offshore area/zone ~ de dezvoltare - development/ enterprise zone ~ de dezvoltare industrial^ - industrial estate/park ~ de expropriere - expropriation zone ~ de investitii directe - (pe nn teren viran) greenfield site ~ de liber-schimb - free-trade area ~ de literal - littoral area/zone ~ de navigatie - navigation area ~ de operare - (incdrcare, descdrcare, transbordare a mdrfurilor) handling area ~ de pescuit - fishing area/ground/ place, fish ground, piscary ~ de proprietate comuna - (intr-un bloc de proprietari} common element ~ de tranzit - transit zone ~ deservita - {corn.) area of supply ~ economica exclusiva - (in largul coastei maritime apartindnd unei tdri) exclusive economic zone ~ inundabila - flood zone ~ libera — (fdrd taxe vamale} free zone ~ libera de comert - free-trade zone ~ maritima - sea waters ~ maritima speciala/vamala - (in afara apelor teritoriale) customs (-enforcement) area/waters ~ portuara - port area ~ (petrolifera) productiva - pay area/zone, payable area/zone ~ suburbana - suburban area ~ vamala - customs area, tariff zone zone de bord liber - (in care navele de comert trebuie sa navigheze cu un anumii pescaj) freeboard zones •- valutare - currency areas

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abandon v.t. 1. a abandona (nova,încărcătura etc.) 2. (asig.) a ceda (o proprietate asigurată în caz de pierdere parţială pentru a putea solicita o despăgubire totală) 3. a renunţa la (o acţiune judiciară) abandoned adj. abandonat ~ goods - mărfuri abandonate (fară proprietar) ~ ship/vessel - navă abandonată abandonee s. (asig. mar.) agent de asigurare (căruia i se cedează un bun asigurat) abandonment s. abandon ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza abandonului - of action - renunţare la o acţiune judiciară abate v.t. 1. a reduce, a micsora (preţuri, impozite etc.) 2. (dr.) a anula, a desfiinţa abattoir s. abater abbreviation s. abreviere abeyance s. (dr.) stare de suspendare; suspendare temporară; situaţie neclară to be in ~ - a ft pendinte abeyant adj. (dr.) 1. vacant, fară stăpân (despre bunuri) 2. in suspensie, nerezolvat ability s. 1. capacitate, posibilităţi, resurse 2. solvabilitate 3. (dr.) capacitate legală ~ to pay principle - principiul posibilităţilor de plată (impozite proportionate cu veniturile) able adj. 1. capabil; competent, calificat 2. solvabil - (- bodied) seaman - marinar brevetat - in estate - avut, bogat ~ to pay - solvabil aboard adv. la/pe bord prep, la/pe bordul aboardship adv. (mar.) la bord, pe navă abode s. domiciliu, reşedinţă above adv. deasupra prep, deasupra, peste adj. mai sus menţionat/amintit, de mai sus ~ - mentioned - menţionat/amintit mai sus ~ - named - sus-numit ~ par - (bur.) supra pan, peste paritate/valoarea nominală (despre acţiuni) ~ the line - deasupra liniei (termen contabil care se referă la anumite articole din contul de profit şi pierderi şi care apar deasupra liniei profitului net în declaraţia de profit şi pierderi; pane a bugetului de marketing pe care compania o cheltuieşte pentru a-siface publicitate in mass media) abrasion s. frecare, şlefuire ~ of coin - frecare/şlefuire a monedei

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(ca urmare a circulaţiei, rezultând o diminuare a greutăţii) abroad adv. în străinătate abrogate v.t. a abroga (o lege) absence s. absenţă; lipsă absentee s. 1. absent 2. absenteist

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16 ABS-ACC ~ landlord - absenteist (proprietar funciar care nu locuieşte pe terenul pe care l-a dat în arendă) -ownership - proprietate a unui absenteist absenteeism s. absenteism -rate - rata absenteismului (numărul de absenţi la suta de muncitori într-o anumită zi; procentajul zilelor de muncă pierdute din totalul zilelor lucrătoare pe o anumită perioadă) absolute adj. absolut, total; necondiţionat - advantage - avantaj absolut (deţinut de o ţară sau o regiune m raport cu altele datorită resurselor naturals, forţei de muncă etc., fapt care deter-mină scăderea costurilor deproducţie) ~ endorsement - andosare necondi-ţionată - interest - (dr.) drept absolut - liability - (dr.) obligaţie necondi-ţionată - majority - majoritate absolută - monopoly - monopol absolut - ownership - proprietate absolută - risk aversion - (fin.) aversiune faţă de riscul absolut (sumă de bani la care un investitor poate renunţa ca alternative la o investiţie cu rise ridicaf) ~ title - (dr.) titlu absolut de proprietate - total loss - (asig.) pierdere totală reală ~ value - valoare absolută/intrinsecă (a unei monede, a unui produs) absolve v.t. a elibera, a absolvi, a dispensa de (datorii, obligaţii) absorption s. absorbţie, preluare (a unei societăţi de o alta mai mare) abstinence s. abstinenţă ~ theory - teoria abstinenţei abstract s. extras; rezumat, sumar v.t. 1. a rezuma, a extrage esenţialul din 2. a sustrage, a fura ~ of account - extras de cont abundance s. 1. abundenţă, belşug; surplus 2. bogăţie, prosperitate aburton adv. transversal pe navă (mod de stivuire) abuse s. 1. abuz, întrebuinţare excesivă 2. abuz, practică ilegală v.t. a abuza de - of administrative authority - abuz de putere - of confidence/trust - abuz de încredere ~ of office - abuz de functie acceleration s. accelerare, urgentare ~ clause - clauză de urgentare (care prevede că, dacă o datorie nu este achitată la timp, toate plăţile viitoare devin imediat scadente) ~ premium - primă pentru mărirea producţiei (acordată muncitorilor) -principle - principiul accelerării (conform căruia nivelul unei investiţii variază proportional cu rata pro- ducţiei) accept v.t. a accepta (o cambie, o ofertă etc.) acceptable adj. acceptabil - quality level - nivel acceptabil de calitate acceptance s. 1. acceptare 2. accept

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(cambie acceptată/andosată de o banco.) ~ account - cont de accepte

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ACC 17 - against documents - acceptare contra documente ~ bank/house - bancă/oficiu de scont -certificate - certificat de recepţie - credit - accept ~ delivery test - probă de recepţie- -predare - for honour - acceptare pentru onoare - in case of need - acceptare îrt caz de necesitate ~ in blank - acceptare în alb ~ market - piaţa acceptelor - sampling - eşantionare la recepţie, control statistic de calitate - specifications - norme de recepţie ~ supra protest - acceptare sub protest - trial - probă de recepţie (a unei nave noi); probă de accept (al unei cambii de către tras) accepted adj. acceptat ~ bill - accept, cambie acceptată acceptor s. acceptant ~ for honour - acceptant pentru onoare (al unei cambii) ~r supra protest - acceptant sub protest (al unei cambii) accession s. creştere, adaos, supli- mentare; acumulare ~ rate - rata creşterii (forţei de muncă, exprimată ca procent al numărului mediu de muncitori într-o perioadă determinate de (imp) accident s. accident - frequency rate - rata frecvenţei accidentelor (la un milion de ore- -muncă într-un an) - insurance - asigurare împotriva accidentelor ~ prevention - norme de tehnica securităţii muncii ~ - prone - predispus la accidente ~ - repeater - persoană care a avut multe accidente accidental adj. accidental - collision - (asig. mar.) coliziune accidentală accommodate v.t. 1. a caza, a gazdui 2. a ajusta, a potrivi 3. a amenaja (o navă pentru o anumită clasă de pasageri sau pentru transportul de mar/a) 4. a împrumuta (bani) accommodation s. 1. cazare; pi. amenajări (la bordul navei); loc (la hotel, pe o navă etc.); birou 2. ajustare, potrivire 3. împrumut ~ acceptance/bill/note - cambie de complezenţă - endorsement - andosare de complezenţă ~ train - (SUA) tren personal account s. 1. calcul, socoteală 2. cont 3. factură, notă de plată 4. client 5.

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siruatie, raport, dare de seamă ~ balance - bilanţ ~ book - registru contabil ~ current - cont curent ~ day - (bur.) zi de lichidare ~ director - director de echipă (unul dintre principalii manageri ai unei agenţii de publicitate, care conduce echipa însărcinată cu deservirea unui client) -holder - titular de cont - management - management al contului - manager - administrator de cont - of expenses - situaţie a cheltuielilor

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18 ACC-ACQ I ~ payee - în contul beneficiarului (formula pe un cec) ~ period - exerciţiu financiar ~ reconcilement service - serviciu de reconciliere a conturilor (cu evidentele clientului unei band) ~ rendered - cont remis - sales - cont de vânzări ~ s department - contabilitate, serviciu contabil - s payable - (cont.) conturi de datorii; creditor ~ s receivable - (cont.) conturi de creanţe; debitor - s receivable financing - finanţare prin conturile de creanţe ~ s receivable turnover - viteză de rotaţie a debitorilor accountable adj. răspunzător, respon- sabil accountancy s. contabilitate accounting s. 1. evidenţă contabilă 2. contabilitate ~ cost - preţ de cost contabil ~ currency - unitate monetară de cont ~ department - contabilitate, serviciu contabil ~ equation - egalizare contabilă ~ information processing cycle - ciclu de prelucrare a informatiei contabile ~ machine - maşină contabilă de calcul; maşină de facturat şi conta- bilizat ~ period/year - exerciţiu financiar ~ standards - standarde contabile ~ system - sistem contabil accretion 5. creştere, acumulare (mărirea valorii unui activ prin creştere naturală) accrual s. (cont.) 1. creştere (continuă), acumulare 2. pi. posturi tranzitorii ~ basis/concept - metoda posturilor tranzitorii accrue v.i. a creste, a se acumula accumulation s. acumulare ~ of capital - acumulare de capital accumulative adj. cumulativ ~ dividends - dividende cumulative (ale acţiunilor preferential care nu au fast achitate la scadenţă) accurate adj. corect, exact -description - descriere corectă/exactă (a unuiprodus într-o reclamă) achiever s. realizator (categoric de consumatori) acid adj. acid ~ test ratio - (fin.) rata testului acid (raportul active lichide - pasive curente folosit pentru determinarea solvabilităţii uneifirme) acknowledgement s. 1. confirmare (de primire) 2. recunoaştere, acceptare 3. (dr.) declaraţie autentificată; cer-tificat ~ of debt - recunoaştere a datoriei (confirmare m scris de către un debitor a sumeipe care o datorează) ~ of receipt - confirmare de primire acquaintance s. cunoştinţă; relaţii (de afaceri) acquisition s. achiziţie ~ cost - cost de achiziţie (al unei societăţi) ~ management - managementul achiziţiei acquisitive adj. acaparator, strângător; animat de dorinţa de câştig

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ADJ- AD V 21

ACQ-ACT____________________ acquisitiveness s. dorinţă de acaparare, sete de câştig acquit v.t. a achita (o datorie, o persoană) acquittal v. acquittance acquittance s. 1. achitare, scoatere de sub acuzaţie 2. achitare (de datorii); chitanţă de plată (integrate) acre s. acru (unitate de suprafaţă) acreage s. suprafaţă (calculată în acri) across prep, peste, deasupra ~ - the-board -general, pe toată linia ~ - the-board tariff reductions - reduced liniare de taxe vamale (redu-cerea cu aceleaşi procent a tuturor taxelor vamale ale ţărilor participante la o rundă de negocieri comerciale) ~ - the-counter - oficial, legal; vândut în magazin/cu amănuntul ~ - the-counter sales - vânzări cu amănuntul act s. 1. act; acţiune 2. act, document 3. lege ~ and deed - document juridic ~ in law - act legal ~ of God - forţă majoră; (mar.) cala-mitate naturală (termen contractual de navlosire şi conosament) ~ of grace - amnistie; graţiere - of Parliament - lege ~ of war - act de război acting adj. interimar ~ manager - administrator delegat; director interimar ~ member - membru supleant ~ order - delegaţie, mandat ~ partner - comanditat action s. 1. acţiune 2. acţiune judiciară, proces - at law - acţiune judiciară ~ for damages - acţiune judiciară pentru daune ~ in rem - (mar.) acţiune reală (pentru arestarea unei nave) active adj. activ ~ account - cont activ (de operaţiuni) ~ assets - (fin.) active productive (care aduc dobândă) ~ balance - balanţă (comercială, de plăţi) activă - bond - obligaţiune activă (CM dobândăfixă) ~ capital - capital activ (active păstrate sub forma de bani sou sub oricare altă forma care poate fi rapid transformată m numerar) ~ circulation - circulaţie activă (bani aflaţi efectiv m circulate) ~ file - dosar activ/în folosinţă ~ income - venit activ/din salariu ~ law - lege m vigoare - market - (bur.) piaţă activă ~ money - bani activi (aflaft efectiv m circulatie) ~ partner - comanditat ~ population - populaţie activă ~ shares - acţiuni active (frecvent tranzacţionate) ~ trust - (dr.) tutelă activă actual adj. real; efectiv s. pi. actuals, contracte actuale (ca opus al contractelor futures') ~ cost - preţ de cost efectiv ~ delivery - predare reală/definitivă - loss - (asig.) pierdere reală ~ possession - (dr.) posesie de fapt ~ price - (bur.) preţ efectiv (de tranzacţionare a actiunilor)

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~ tare - tara efectiva (greutatea reald a ambalajului) ~ total loss - (asig.) pierdere totala reala actuarial adj. actuarial ~ calculation - calcul/evaluare actuarial(a) actuary s. actuar, expert Tn calcule statistice de asigurari adaptive adj. flexibil ~ expectations - perspective/asteptari flexibile (referitbr la valoarea viitoare a unei variabile, estimatd in functie de mai multi factori) add v.t. 1. a adauga 2. (in) a include; a pune la socoteala 3. (up) a totaliza v.i. 1. a aduna, a face o adunare 2. (to) a se adauga la, a contribui la added adj. adaugat - value - valoare adaugata (diferenta dintre cheltuielile efectuate de o companie pentru achizifionarea de materiale din exterior si ceea ce primeste ca urmare a vdnzdrii produselor sale finite) ~ value tax - taxa • pe valoarea adaugata additional adj. aditional, suplimentar ~ duty - taxa vamala suplimentara ~ funds needed - fonduri supli- mentare necesare (pe care o firmd trebuie sd Ie obtind din exterior prin imprumut sau vdnzare de actiuni) ~ insurance - asigurare suplimentara ~ postage - suprataxa postala/de francare ~ premium - prima suplimentara de asigurare ~ risk - (asig.) rise suplimentar ~ security - garantie suplimentara

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address s. adresa v.t. a adresa ~ book - camet de adrese ~ commission - (mar.) comision de adresa (platit de navd in portui de descdrcare) ~ label - eticheta cu adresa addressee s. destinatar addresser s. expeditor adequate adj. adecvat, corespunzator ~ sample - mostra reprezentativa ~ security - garantie corespunzatoare adhesive adj. adeziv - label - eticheta colanta ~ stamp - timbru adeziv adjective adj. accesoriu, anex - law - (dr.) procedura adjourn v.t. a amana; a suspenda (o sedinfd) adjournment s. amanare; suspendare ~ sine die - amanare sine die adjudicate v.t. a judeca (un proces); a da (o sentintd) v.i. fupon) a da o sentinta cu privire la, a se pronun^a asupra adjudication s. judecare (a unui proces); sentinta, hotarare jude- catoreasca ~ order - declarare m stare de faliment adjust v.t. 1. a aranja, a sistematiza 2. a ajusta, a adapta 3. a corecta, a rectifica 4. (asig.) a determina, a evalua (daunele) adjustable adj. ajustabil, variabil ~ currency - moneda elastica ~ rate mortgage - ipoteca cu dobanda variabila adjuster s. (asig.) specialist compen- sator; (asig. mar.) dispasor adjustments. 1. aranjare, sistematizare

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2. ajustare, adaptare 3. rectificare (a

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21 ADJ-ADV

unui cont) 4. (asig.) determinare, evaluare (a daunelor) 5. (asig. mar.) dispasa, regulament de avarie comuna ~ account - (cont.) cont de control/ rectificare ~ bond - (SUA) obligatiune de reor- ganizare (rezultata din reorganizarea unuiconcern) ~ mechanism - mecanism de echili- brare (a balanfei comerciale) ~ of average - (asig. mar.) mtocmire a dispasei (de avarie comuna) administration s. 1. administrare, con- ducere; gestionare; gerare 2. admi- nistratie; guvern ~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli adminis- trative/de regie - of estates - (dr.) administrare a averii (apartindnd unei persoane decedate) ~ order - (dr.) ordin de administrare (a unei societati insolvabile, ca alternativa la lichidarea ei) administrative adj. administrativ ~ control - control administrativ ~ data processing - informatica de gestiune ~ expenses/overheads - cheltuieli administrative/de regie ~ tribunal - tribunal administrativ administrator s. 1. administrator 2. (dr.) executor testamentar; tutore; administrator admiralty s. amiralitate ~ court - tribunal maritim -jurisdiction - jurisdictie maritima ~ law - drept maritim ~ mile - mila marina engleza admission s. 1. intrare, acces 2. acceptare, admitere

- fee - taxa de intrare - to quotation - acceptare pentru cotare (a acfiunilor unei societati la bursd) adoption 5. acceptare - curve - curba acceptarii (unui produs nou pe piatd) adulterate v.t. a falsifica, a contraface adj. falsificat, contrafacut adulteration s. falsificare, contrafacere - of coinage - falsificare/depreciere a monedei advance v.t. 1. a avansa (pe cineva) 2. a creste, a majora (preturi) 3. a avansa (bani) 4. a promova (interese) v.i. 1. a avansa (in functie) 2. a creste, a se majora (despre preturi) s. 1. avansare (in functie) 2. crestere, majorare (de prefuri) 3. avans; imprumut 4. acont, arvuna adj. (platit) in avans - against goods - avans in contul marfurilor - freight - navlu platit anticipat - money - acont, arvuna - on bottomry - avans de imprumut maritim adventure s. 1. intreprindere/afacere riscanta 2. (asig. mar.) rise adverse adj. advers, nefavorabil - balance of trade - balanta comerciala pasiva/deficitara - budget - buget deficitar - possession - (dr.) uzucapiune advertise v.t. a anunta (in ziar, la radio etc.) v.i. a face reclama/publicitate; a da un anunt advertisement s. reclama; anunt (in ziar etc.) ~ hoarding - panou publicitar

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22 ADV-AGE ~ rates - tarife de publicare a anunturilor/reclamelor advertiser s. 1. persoană care publică un anunţ/o reclamă 2. ziar/revistă de anunţuri/reclame advertising s. publicitate - agency - agenţie de publicitate ~ agent - agent de publicitate - appropriation - alocare de fonduri pentru publicitate - budget - buget pentru publicitate ~ campaign/drive •*• campanie de publicitate ~ character - figură simbolizând marca de fabrică sau produsul ~ directory - anuar de publicitate ~ manager - şef al departamentului de publicitate - media - mijloace publicitare ~ research - cercetări în domeniul publicităţii ~ standards - standarde publicitare (ansamblu de norme etice şi legale) advertorial s. advertorial (articol de fond, editorial special conceput pentru a face publicitate unuiprodus) advice s. aviz ~ note - (com., fin.) notă/scrisoare de avizare ~ of credit - confirmare a creditului ~ of delivery - aviz de primire (la poştă) ~ of dispatch - (com.) aviz de expediţie ~ of shipment - (mar.) aviz de expediţie adviser s. consilier; consultant advisory adj. consultativ ~ committee - comitet consultativ ~ service - serviciu consultativ advocate s. avocat (pledant) affair s. afacere, problemă; pi. afaceri affidavit s. (dr.) afidavit, depoziţie, sub jurământ affiliate s. asociat, afiliat; filială v.t. a afilia, a primi ca membru; a recunoaste ca filială v.L a se asocia, a se afilia affix v.t. a pune, a aplica (ştampila, semnătura, timbrul) afforest v.t. a împăduri affreight v.t. (mar.) a navlosi, a afreta affreighter s. (mar.) navlosi tor affreightment s. (mar.) navlosire, afretare afloat adv. 1. pe mare (referitor la mărfurile în expediţie) 2. fâră datorii (despre o afacere) aforesaid adj. sus-numit after prep, după ~ date - de la data

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~ - hours dealings - tranzacţii neofi- ciale/după închiderea bursei - - hours price - preţ neoficial/după închiderea bursei ~ - sales service - service, serviciu postvânzare/de întreţinere - sight - după prezentare ~ - tax profit - profit impozitat against prep, contra, împotriva ~ all risks - (asig. mar.) contra tuturor riscurilor age s. vârstă - admitted - (asig.) vârstă admisă (în cazul unei polite de asigurare de viaţă) ~ allowance/relief - reduced fiscale pentru vârstă ~ discrimination - discriminare de vârstă (la angajare) ~ limit - limită de vârstă (pentru pensionare)

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AGE-AGR 23 ~ profile - structură a varstei (angajaţilor dintr-o firmă, un sector industrial etc.) agency s. agenţie; reprezentanţă; reprezentare ~ contract - contract de reprezentaţă ~ costs - costuri de reprezentare/ mandat (costuri asociate cu monitorizarea acţiunilor administraţiei pentru a verifica dacă aces tea respecta angajamentele contractuale dintre conducere, acţionari şi creditori) ~ fee - comision de repre/entare ~ problem - problemă de reprezen- tare/mandat (un potential conflict de interese între acţionarii unei firme şi conducerea acesteia sau între obligatari şi acţionan) agenda s. agenda, ordine de zi agent s. 1. agent; reprez.entant 2. agent, factor ~ bank - bancă-agent (desemnată de un consorţiu bancar să administreze un împrumut sindicalizat) ~ s of production - factori de pro- ducţie aggregate adj. global, total — analysis - macroeconomie ~ demand - cerere globală ~ output - producţie globală/totală ~ planning - planificare globală ~ rebate - (com.) rabat global (acordat de furnizor detailistului m anumite condiţii) ~ supply - ofertă globală aggressive adj. agresiv; energic, activ ~ asset - (bur.) activ agresiv (activ cu un coeficient beta mai mare decât eel al pieţei) ~ portfolio - portofoliu agresiv (acţiuni păstrate în speranţa creşterii valorii lor pentru specularea ulteri- oară) ~ sales policy - politică agresivă de vânzări agio s. (fin.) agio agiotage s. (fin.) agiotaj agrarian adj. agrar s. adept al reformelor agrare - reform - reformă agrară agree v.i. 1. a fi de acord, a consimti, a conveni 2. a corespunde, a se potrivi agreed adj. convenit, stabilit - and liquidated damages - (asig. mar.) avarii acceptate şi evaluate - price - preţ convenit/stabilit - terms - condiţii convenite/stabilite, termeni contractuali agreement s. acord, convenţie, înţelegere - to sell - convenţie de vânzare la

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termen agricultural adj. agricol ~ area - zonă agricolă - bank - bancă agricolă - biology - agrobiologie - chemistry - agrochimie - cooperative - cooperativă agricolă - credit - credit agricol ~ economics - agronomie - engineer - inginer agronom - engineering - agrotehnică - exhibition - expoziţie agricolă - machinery - utilaj agricol - unit of account - imitate agricolă de cont agriculture s. 1. agricultură 2. agronomie agroindustry s. agroindustrie

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24 AGR-ALL agronomist s. agronom agronomy s. agronomic aid s. ajutor, sprijin, suport ~ loan - împrumut de asistenţă ~ s to trade - ajutor/sprijin pentru comert (serviciile bancare, de publici- tate, asigurări, transporturi) air s. aer - cargo - încărcătură transportată cu avionul ~ carrier - avion de transport ~ consignment note/waybill - fraht aerian ~ - cushion vehicle - navă pe pernă de aer ~ mail - poştă aeriană airborne adj. transportabil pe calea aerului airbus s. airbus, avion de transport de pasageri (de man ditnensiuni) aircraft s. aeronavă; avion; avioane airline s. 1. linie aeriană 2. pi. companie de transporturi aeriene airliner s. avion de linie airport s. aeroport airways s. pi. companie de transporturi aeriene airworthy adj. capabil de zbor aleatory adj. aleatoriu ~ contract - (asig.) contract aleatoriu alien adj. strain ~ duty - (mar.) suprataxă de pavilion alienable adj. alienabil - property - bun alienabil alienate v.t. (dr.) a aliena, a mstraina alimony s. pensie alimentară, între- ţinere all adj., adv. tot ~ - in - cuprinzând toate (cheltuielile, riscurile etc.), general ~ - purpose bank - bancă universală ~ rights reserved - toate drepturile rezervate ~ risks - (asig.) toate riscurile ~ - risks insurance - asigurare pentru toate riscurile ~ risks whatsoever - (asig. mar.) toate riscurile, oricare ar fi acestea ~ - round - global, general ~ time saved both ends - (mar.) tot timpul economisit în ambele porturi (de operare) alliance s. alianţă allocate v.t. a aloca, a repartiza allocation s. 1. alocare, repartizare 2. alocaţie ~ of resources - alocare a resurselor ~ of responsibilities - (man.) repartizare a responsabilităţilor allonge s. alonjă (la cambie) allot v.t. a aloca, a atribui, a repartiza allotment s. 1. alocare, atribuire, repartizare 2. parcelă, lot de pământ (dat în arendă uneifamilii) ~ letter - aviz de atribuire a actiunilor ~ money - vărsământ la atribuirea actiunilor ~ note - (mar.) delegaţie pentru încasarea salariului ~ of shares - atribuire a actiunilor allottee s. persoană căreia i se aloca/atribuie acţiuni etc. allow v.t. 1. a îngădui, a permite 2. a da, a acorda (bani, timp) allowable adj. admisibil, permis; legal allowance s. 1. reducere; (com.) bonificaţie, rabat 2. alocaţie, ajutor (bănesc) 3. indemnizaţie 4. toleranţă (admisă la greutatea monedelor) v.t. a raţionaliza (alimente)

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ALM-AMU 25 almshouse s. azil pentru săraci alongside (mar.) adv. (acostat) cu bordul la chei; bord la bord prep, de-a lungul (bordului) ~ date - zi/data de acostare la dană ~ delivery - predare sotto palanco ~ ship - de-a lungul bordului navei (referitor la predarea sau primirea mărfli) to be ~ - a fi acostat alpha 5. alfa - coefficient/factor - (bur.) coeficient/ factor alfa (evaluarea ratei de rehabilitate a acţiunilor unei societăţi fărâ raportarea la indicele pieţei bursiere) ~ shares - acţiuni alfa (foarte sigure şi rentabile) alternate adj. alternativ v.t., v.i. a alterna - demand - cerere alterna-tivă/combinată (cerere de produse ori factori deproducţie interşanjabili) ~ director - înlocuitor (al unui membru dintr-un consiliu de administrate) alternative s. alternativă adj. alternativ ~ offer - ofertă alternativă ~ payee - beneficiar alternativ (al unei cambii, al unui cec) ~ (use) cost - cost al unei decizii în detrimentul alteia always adj. întotdeauna, permanent ~ afloat - permanent în stare de plutire (condiţie de navlosire) ~ afloat or safely aground - permanent in stare de plutire sau eşuat fără pericol ~ safely afloat - permanent m stare de plutire sigură amalgamate v.t. a unifica (două societăţi) v.i. a fuziona amalgamation s. unificare, fuzionare amass v.t. a acumula, a aduna amend v.t. La îmbunătăţi, a ameliora; a corecta, a rectifica 2. a amenda (o lege) amendment s. 1. îmbunătăţire, ame- liorare; corectare, rectificare 2. amen- dament amenities s. pi. înlesniri, avantaje (acordate angajaţilor în afara sala- riului) American adj. american ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza ame- ricană ~ depository receipt - certificat american de depozit (certificat emis de o bancă americană în contul unor titluri de valoare străine) ~ option - (bur.) opţiune americană (care poate fi exercitată oricând înainte de sfârşitul exerciţiului) ~ ton - tonă americană/scurtă amidships adj. la mijlocul (navei) amortization 5. (cont., fin.) amortizare; amortisment ~ schedule - program de amortizare amortize v.t. 1. (cont., fin.) a amortiza 2. a transmite, a transfera (o proprietate

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inalienabilă) amount s. 1. sumă, total 2. cantitate; cuantum; volum; valoare v.i. (to) a ajunge la, a se ridica la ~ brought/carried forward - (cont.) report, sumă reportată ampersand s. semnul & amusement 5. distracţie ~ industry - industria distrac- ţiilor/spectacolelor

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26 AMU-APP - shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor din industria distracţiilor/spectacolelor analysis s. analiză, studiu analyst s. analist, specialist în analize anchor s. ancoră v.i. a ancora ~ and chain clause - (asig. mar.) clauza ancorei şi a lantului ~ currency - valuta de referinţă (valuta forte în funcţie de care se stabileşte paritatea unei monede mat slabe) anchorage s. 1. ancorare, ancoraj 2. taxe de ancoraj 3. loc de ancoraj ~ charges/dues - taxe de ancoraj ancillaries s.pl. ajutor, sprijin, suport - to trade - ajutor/sprijin pentru comerţ (serviciile bancare, de publicitate, asigurări, transporturi) and conj. şi - company - şi compania ~ reduced - şi cu capital redus (cuvinte care apar după numele unei companii care, prin reorganizare, şi-a redus capitalul) animal s. animal ~ testing - testare pe animale (a pro- duselor casnice sau a medicamentelor) animatic s. animatic (fragmentele in mişcare dintr-un clip publicitar tele- vizat) annex s. anexă v.t. a anexa, a alarura announcement s. anunţ, anunţare ~ effect — efectul anunţării (gradul m care consumatorul realizează că plăteşte un impozit care este Indus m preţul de vânzare al unuiprodus) annual adj. anual ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi anu- ale/finale ~ general meeting - adunarea generală anuală (a actionarilor) ~ income - venit anual ~ leave - concediu de odihnă ~ percentage rate - rată procentuală anuală (a dobanzii) ~ premium - (asig.) primă anuală ~ report - raport anual (trimis de o societate actionarilor ei) ~ return - situaţie anuală (a unei societăţi, cerută de registrul comer- ţului) ~ value - (fin.) valoare anuală (a unui activ, luată ca baza, de calcul a impozitelor) annuitant s. (asig.) beneficiar al unei anuităţi annuity s. anuitate ~ bond - obligaţiune perpetuă/fară ter- men/scadenţă ~ certain - (asig.) anuitate la termen

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- insurance - asigurare cu anuitate antedate s. antedată v.t. a antedata anticipation s. 1. anticipare 2. plată anticipată; avans 3. (dr.) exercitare anticipată (dreptul unei persoane, care trebuie să primească un venit la o data viitoare, de a-şi exercita acest drept în avans) anticipatory adj. anticipat ~ damage - (asig.) avarie proba- bilă/anticipată antidumping s. antidumping anti-inflationary adj. antiinflaţionist ~ measures - măsuri antiinflaţioniste ~ trends - tendinţe antiinflaţioniste antitrust adj. antitrust ~ legislation - legislate antitrust apparent adj. vizibil, evident ~ damage - (mar.) avarie vizibilă

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APP-ARB 27 appeal s. apel, recurs v.t. a aduce (un proces) în faţa unei instanţe superioare v.i. a face apel, a declara recurs ~ court - curte de apel to allow an ~ - a admite un apel to dismiss an ~ - a respinge un apel to hear an ~ - a judeca un apel appellant s. (dr.) apel ant appellate adj. de apel ~ court - curte de apel ~ jurisdiction - jurisdicţie de apel append v.t. 1. a anexa, a atasa (un document) 2. a pune, a aplica (o semnătură) appendix 5. apendice, supliment, anexă applicant s. solicitant (pentru o licenţă, un post etc.) application 5. cerere, solicitare - for quotation — (bur.) cerere de cotare - for shares - subscriere la acţiuni - form - formular de subscriere - money - vărsământ la subscrierea acţiunilor applied adj. aplicat, practic ~ economics - economie aplicată apply v.t. a folosi, a afecta v.i. 1 (for) a cere, a solicita; a se adresa pentru 2.ftoj a se adresa, a apela la appoint v.i. 1. a numi, a desemna (într-o functie) 2. a fixa, a stabili (un termen) 3. a dota, a echipa appointed adj. 1. numit, desemnat 2. fixat, stabilit 3. dotat, echipat ~ agent - reprezentant autorizat appointee s. persoană numită (într-o funcţie) appointment s. 1. numire, desemnare 2. functie; post 3. întrevedere, întâlnire 4. pi. amenajări, dotări; mobilier apportion v.t. a distribui, a repartiza (proportional) apportionment s. distribute, reparti- zare (proporţională) ~ of valuation - (asig. mar.) repartizare a valorii de asigurare appraisal s. evaluare, apreciere appraise v.t. a evalua, a aprecia appraisement v. appraisal appraiser s. evaluator, expert de evaluare; taxator appreciation s. (bur., cont., fin.) apreciere, creştere (a valorii unui activ) ~ surplus - excedent valeric (când valoarea de piaţă a activelor unei societăţi este mat mare decât valoarea contabilă) apprentice s. ucenic v.t. a da la ucenicie

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apprenticeship 5. ucenicie appropriation s. 1. apropriere, însuşire 2. alocare, repartizare (defonduri) ~ account - (cont.) cont de alocare/ repartizare (a profitului net) ~ bill - proiect de lege fmanciara (pentru alocaţii bugetare) ~ in-aid -^subvenţie, subsidiu approval s. aprobare, confirmare appurtenances s.pl. accesorii; furnituri arable adj. arabil s. teren arabil ~ land - teren arabil arbitrage s. arbitraj (valutar, de bursă, de schirnb etc.) ~ of exchange - arbitraj de schimb -syndicate-sindicat arbitrajist arbitrage(u)r s. specialist în operaţii de arbitraj arbitration s. arbitraj (m conflicte de rnunca etc.) ~ agreement - acord de arbitraj

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28 ARE-ASS ~ award - decizie de arbitraj ~ clause - clauză de arbitraj ~ court - curte de arbitraj ~ of exchange - arbitraj de schimb arbitrator s. arbitru are s. ar area s. arie, suprafaţă; regiune, zonă ~ manager - şef/responsabil de zonă ~ of supply - (com.) zonă deservită arrear 5. 1. datorie, restanţă; arierat 2. restanţă, rămânere în urmă ~ s of wages - restanţe salariale ~ s of work - lucrări restante arrearage s. arierat arrest s. arestare, reţinere, sechestrare v.t. a aresta, a retine, a sechestra ~ of ship - sechestru asigurător asupra navei arrival s. sosire ~ condition - stare (a marfurilor) la sosire ~ notice - avizare a sosirii (marfurilor) ~ platform - peron de sosire - s and departures - (c.f.) sosiri şi plecări - s and sailings - (mar.) sosiri şi plecări arson s. (asig., dr.) incendiere premeditată article 5. 1. articol (de ziar) 2. articol, paragraf, punct; pi. contract 3. articol (comercial), produs ~ s and conditions - caiet de sarcini ~ s of agreement - contract de angajare (pe o navă comercială) ~ s of apprenticeship - contract de ucenicie ~ s of association - statut (al unei societăţi) > ~ s of partnership - contract de asociere artificial adj. artificial ~ harbour - port artificial ~ intelligence - inteligenţă artificială ~ person - persoană juridică artisan s. artizan, meşteşugar as adv. la fel, tot atât de prep, ca • -at-fconr.jladata ~ customary - (com.) conform uzului ~ from - cu începere de la data ~ loan - cu titlu de împrumut ~ per advice - conform avizului (formula pe o cambie) ~ per contra - (cont.) în contrapartidă ~ seen - (com.) după cum se vede (fară nici unfel de garanţie pentru mărfurile vândute) ashipboard adv. la bord, pe navă ashore adv. la mal/ţărm; pe uscat

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ask s. (SUA) preţ cerut v.t. a cere ~ price - preţ cerut (preţ la care un dealer va vinde acţiunile pe care le define) assay (fin.) s. analiza/stabilire a titrului v.t. a stabili titrul (unui metalpreţios) ~ mark - marcă de titru - master - expert (guvernamental) care declară un titru ~ office - laborator pentru analize de titru assayer s. chimist-analist (care determine titrul) assemble v.t. 1. a convoca, a întruni 2. a asambla, a monta assembly s. 1. adunare, întrunire 2. asamblare, montare 3. agregat, grup ~ line - line de asamblare/montaj ~ production - producţie în flux/pe bandă

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ASS 29 ~ room - sală de întruniri ~ shop - atelier de montaj assess v.t. 1. a estima, a aprecia; a evalua (o proprietate pentru stabilirea impozitelor, a asigurarilor) 2. a fixa suma (impozitelor, despăgubirilor etc.) 3. aimpune, a tax a assessable adj. 1. estimabil, evaluabil 2. impozabil ~ damage - avarie evaluabilă ~- income - venit impozabil assessment s. 1. estimare, apreciere; evaluare 2. impunere, taxare assessor s. 1. agent fiscal, evaluator (care jixeaza impozitele) 2. (asig.) expert de evaluare (a daunelor) 3. (dr.) asesor asset s. 1. lucru util; calitate, însuşire 2. (cont., dr., fin.) activ ~ and liability statement - (SUA) bilanţ ~ - backed loan - credit garantat cu active ~ backing/value per share - valoare a activelor pe acţiune (yaloarea contabilă totălă a activelor unei societăţi împărţită la numărul de acţiuni comune emise) ~ cover - (fin.) acoperire prin active (indice care arată de căte ori activul net al unei societăţi poate acoperi datoria pe care aceasta a contractat-o) ~ management - (fin.) managementul activelor (gestionarea activelor unei instituţii financiare) ~ stripping - lichidare a activelor (achiziţionarea ieftină a unei societăţi fie pentru revânzarea activelor şi închiderea firmei, fie pentru lichidarea activelor nerentabile şi realizarea de noi investiţii înfirmă) ~ structure - (fin.) structura activelor - turnover - (fin.) randamentul activelor (raportul dintre vânzările unei societăţi şi activele ei) - s and drawbacks - avantaje şi dezavantaje ~ s and liabilities - activ şi pasiv ~ s side - (cont.) coloana activelor - s value - (cont.) valoarea activelor assign s. împuternicit, mandatar; cesionar v.t. 1. a aloca, a repartiza 2. a fixa, a stabili (o data, o sarcină) 3. a numi în (funcţie) 4. (dr.) a ceda, a cesiona assignable adj. cesionabil ~ debt - creanţă cesionabilă assignee s. (dr.) cesionar ~ in bankruptcy - judecător sindic pentru administrarea bunurilor falitului assignment 5. 1. alocare, repartizare 2. fixare, stabilire (a unei date, a unei sarcini) 3. numire (în funcţie) 4. (dr.) cesionare; cesiune ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauză de cesiune ~ of copyright - cedare a drepturilor de autor ~ of debts - cesiune de creanţă assignor s. (dr.) cedent assistance s. asistenţă, ajutor (economic, tehnic etc.) assistant s. asistent; adjunct adj. subordonat; adjunct ~ accountant - contabil adjunct ~ manager - director adjunct associate s. asocial, partener v.i. a se asocia association s. asociaţie, societate

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30 ASS-AUC assort v.t. a asorta, a aproviziona (un magazin) cu mărftiri variate assortment s. (com.) asortiment assurance s. asigurare (maritima sau de viaţă) asymmetric adj. asimetric ~ information - informaţie asimetrică (cu distribute inegală între partici- panţii la o'tranzactie) at prep, la ~ and from - (asig. mar.) la şi de la ~ arm's length - la distanţă/respect (despre o tranzacţie care nu se realizează între două părţi înrudite, cum arfi o companie şifiliala sd) ~ best - (bur.) la eel mai bun preţ ~ call - la cerere (despre o sumă depusă în bancă) ~ no charge - gratuit ~ or better - (bur.) la preţul specificat sau la un preţ mai bun ~ par - (bur.) la paritate/valoarea nominală ~ risk - (asig.) cu rise ~ sea - (asig. mar.) pe mare, în timpul navigaţiei ~ ship's rail - (mar.) la balustrada navei (formula dintr-un conosament care arată că responsabilitatea arma- torului faţă de caric încetează când încărcătura poate fl descărcată)) ~ sight - la vedere (despre o cambie) ~ (the) market - la preţul pieţei athwartships adv. transversal pe navă ~ stowage - stivuire transversală (pe lăţimea magaziei) atomistic adj. atomist ~ competition - concurenţă atomistâV perfectă ~ test - testare fracţionată (a elemen- telor individuale care intră m componenţa unei reclame sau a unui ambalaj) attache s. ataşat (diplomatic) -case - servietă-diplomat attachment s. (dr.) arestare; sechestru attendance s. 1. prezenţă; frecvenţă 2. asistenţă, public 3. îngrijire; servicii ~ book - condică de prezenţă ~ time - timp petrecut la locul de muncă attest v.t. a atesta; a autentifica, a legaliza attitude s. atitudine, comportament ~ survey - analiză comportamentală (iniţiată de conducerea unei între- prinderi pentru a afla cauza relaţiilor necorespunzătoare dintre patronat şi

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salariaţi) attorney s. 1. avocat 2. împuternicit, mandatar ~ - at-large - avocat cu drept de acces la toate instanţele - - at-law - avocat Attorney General - procurer general; (SUA) ministru de justiţie - - in-fact - împuternicit - special - avocat cu acces la o anumită instanţă attractive adj. atractiv (depre un preţ, o ofertă etc.) attributable adj. atnbuibil - profit - (man.) profit atnbuibil (profit care poate fi atribuit unui sector sau unui departament dintr-o orga- nizafie) auction s. licitaţie v.t. (şi ~ off) a vinde la licitaţie ~ room - sală de licitaţie

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AUC-AVA 31 ~ sale - vânzare la licitaţie auctioneer s. licitator audience s. audienţă ~ research - studiu de audienţă (a emisiunilor de radio şi televiziune) audit s. audit, revizie contabilă v.t. a verifica, a revizui (registre contabile) v.i, a face o revizie contabilă ~ committee - comisie de audit (organism al consiliului de adminis- tratie) auditor s. cenzor, revizor contabil ~ s'report - raport al cenzorilor austerity s. austeritate ~ budget - buget de austeritate ~ poKcy - politică de austeritate autarchy s. autarhie autarky v. autarchy authority 5. 1. autoritate; drept; com- petenţă 2. pi. autorităţi, reprezentanţi ai puterii de stat ~ to sign - drept de semnătură authorization s. autorizare, autorizaţie ~ in writing - autorizaţie scrisă authorize v.t. a autoriza authorized adj. autorizat - agent - reprezentant autorizat ~ capital/issue/stock - capital auto- rizat/nominal ~ depository - depozitar autorizat ~ signature - semnătură autorizată autofinancing s. autofmantare autograph s. autograf, semnătură originală ~ signature - specimen de semnătură automatic adj. automat - data processing - prelucrare automata a datelor ~ machine - automat ~ stabilizers - stabilizatori automaţi (în teoria economică) ~ standard - (fin.) etalon automat - teller machine - easier automat (la banco), bancomat automation s. automatizare automobile s. automobil adj. auto; de automobil ~ insurance - asigurare auto automotive adj. auto; de automobil ~ engineering - construed e de automobile ~ industry - industria de automobile - shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor din industria de automobile ~ transport - transport auto ~ truck - autocamion autonomous adj. autonom ~ investment - irivestiţie autonomă (cheltuieli de investiţie care nu sunt induse de modificari ale nivelului

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producţiei, ci sunt realizate pentru dezvoltarea infrastructure) availability s. 1. disponibilitate 2. valabilitate available adj. 1. disponibil 2. valabil ~ assets - active lichide, disponibilităţi average s. 1. (valoare) medie 2. (asig. mar.) avarie adj. mediu, mijlociu v.t.. a calcula media, a evalua în medie ~ adjuster/stater/taker - (asig. mar.) dispaşor, expert de evaluare a avariei, lichidator de avarie ~ adjustment/statement - (asig. mar.) dispaşă de avarie comună, repartizare/ reglementare a avariei ~ agent - comisar de avarie ~ agreement - compromis de avarie ~ as customary - despăgubire a pagubelor de avarie „ca de obicei"

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32 AVA-AX ~ bond - contribuţie la avaria comună; compromis de avarie comună ~ certificate - certificat de avarie - clause - clauza avariei ~ collection period - (fin.) perioadă medie de colectare (valoarea medie a conturilor de creanţe exprimată m zile) ~ cost - cost mediu (pe unitatea de producţie) ~ - cost pricing - determinate a preţurilor de vânzare pe baza costurilor medii ~ (due) date - scadenţă medie ~ loss - pierdere in avaria comună ~ output - producţie medie ~ price - preţ mediu - propensity to consume - înclinaţie -medie de a consuma ~ propensity to save - înclinaţie medie de a economisi - quality - calitate medie ~ revenue - venit mediu (valoarea totală a vânzărilor împărţită la numărul de unităţi vândute) ~ sample - probă medie ~ tare - tară medie ~ tax rate - rata medie a impozitului ~ value - valoare medie averaging s. (bur.) mediere (tranzacţi- onare treptată/graduală prin cumpăra- rea sau vânzarea de loturi de acţiuni din acelaşi packet la date şi preţuri diferite) ~ down - cumpărare de acţiuni pe o piaţă în scădere -in - cumpărare de acţiuni pe o piaţă în scădere (dacă scăderea atinge un anumit nivel) ~ out - vânzare de acţiuni pe o piaţă în creştere (dacă creşterea atinge un anumit nivel) ~ up - cumpărare de acţiuni pe o piaţă în creştere aviation s. aviaţie ~ broker - agent de transporturi şi asigurări aeriene ~ insurance - asigurare aviatică ~ shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor din industria aviatică aviso s. (mar.) avizo avoid v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un contract) avoidable adj. evitabil, care poate fi înlăturat - costs - costuri variabile avoidance s. anulare, reziliere ~ clause - clauză rezolutorie avoirdupois s. avoirdupois (sistem englez de unităţi de măsură pentru masa) award s. 1. premiu 2. sentinţă judecă- torească; decizie arbitrală (a unui

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tribunal de arbitraj) v.t. la acorda (un premiu) 2. a da (o sentinţă); a hotărî (o penalitate, o plată); a arbitra awareness s. conştientizare, cunoaştere (a calităţilor unui produs de către consumatori) ax(e) s. reducere drastică (a cheltu- ielilor); restricţii bugetare severe v.t. a reduce drastic (cheltuieli, bugete)

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B baby 5. copil ~ bonds - obligaţiuni cu valaare nominală redusă (maxim 100 de dolari) ~boomers - baby boomers (generatia de consumatori născuţi în perioada următoare celui de-al doilea război mondial) back s. verso adj. restant v.t. 1. a susţine, a sprijini (financiar) 2. a andosa (un efect de comerţ) ~ charges - speze restante ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de înapoiere ~ letter - (mar.) scrisoare de garanţie ~ load - încărcătură de înapoiere ~ orders - comenzi vechi/restante ~ pay - restanţă (de salariu) ~ - to-back loan - împrumut reciproc (aranjament financiar prin care două companii se împrumută reciproc m vederea operaţiilor de export-import) backdate v.t. a postdata backed adj. 1. susţinut, sprijinit (financiar) 2. andosat ~ bill - cambie andosată - note - (mar.) bon de livrare backer s. 1. susţinător; bancher, financiar 2. andosator, andosant (al unui efect de comerţ) backhaul s. transport retur (cu con traîncărcătură) backing s. 1. sprijin, ajutor 2. (fin.) acoperire - of currency - acoperire a monedei backlog,?. restanţă - of debts - datorii acumulate ~ of orders - portofoliu de comenzi neonorate backward adj. 1. invers 2. înapoiat; întârziat ~ integration - integrare verticală (integrarea producţiei cu sursele de aprovizionare şi cu pieţele de desfacere) ~ letter - (mar.) scrisoare de garanţie backwardation s. (bur.) deport backwardization v. backwardation bad adj. rău, prost ~ claim - reclamaţie/pretenţie nefon- dată ~ coin - monedă falsa - debt - datorie neperformanta ~ debtor - debitor rău platnic ~ debts account - (cont.) cont de creanţe nerecuperabile ~ delivery - (bur.) transmitere/predare necorespunzătoare (a actiunilor) ~ paper - efecte de comert necores- punzătoare (care nu potfi onorate) ~ payer - rău platnic ~ stowage-- stivuire incorectă/ne-

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corespunzătoare bag s. sac; pungă v.t. a însăcui — cargo - caric/încărcătură în saci baggage s. bagaj ~ check - recipisă de bagaj e ~ declaration - declaraţie de bagaje (la vamă) ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare a bagaj elor

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34 BAG-BAN ~ room - casa de bagaje ~ sufferance - (mar.) permis vamal de bagaje bail 5. 1. cautiune; garantie 2. garant v.t. (§i -out) 1. a elibera pe cautiune 2. a depune (mar/a) in garantie to go/to become ~ for - a chezasui, a garanta pentru bailable adj. care poate fi eliberat pe caufiune bailee 5. depozitar (de marfuri) pe baza de contract bailiff s. portarel bailment s. 1. eliberare pe cautiune 2. depunere (de marfuri) pe baza de contract; act de depozit in garantie bailor s. deponent (de marfuri) pe baza de contract balance 5. 1. balanta, cantar 2. (cont.) sold v.t. 1. a balansa (un cont) 2. a echilibra (un buget) ~ book - registru de solduri ~ brought forward - sold reportat ~ due - sold debitor ~ in/on hand - sold creditor ~ of accounts - balanta de conturi ~ of concessions - balanta concesiilor - of payments - balanta de plati ~ of trade - balanta comerciala ~ sheet - (cont.) bilant balanced adj. echilibrat ~ budget - buget balansat/echilibrat ~ fund - fond mutual echilibrat (care investe§te proportional in actiuni comune, actiuni preferential §i obligafiuni) ~ growth - crestere echilibrata ~ (issue) load - caric/incarcatura com- plet(a) . ~ sample - selectie ponderata bale s. bal, balot v.t. a ambala/a Tmpacheta in baluri ~ capacity/cubic - capacitate in baluri (a novel) ~ cargo - caric/incarcatura in baluri - goods - marfuri in baluri ballast (mar.) s. balast v.t. a balasta (o nava), a incarca cu balast ~ declaration - declaratie de plecare in balast (la vama) ~ draft/draught - pescaj in balast ~ passage/voyage - calatorie/voiaj in balast ballastage s. (mar.) 1. balastare, imbarcare de balast 2. taxa de balastare balloon s. balon ~ payment - plata majora (raid substantial^ facuta in contul unui

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imprumuf) ban s. interzicere, interdic|ie v.t. a interzice; a prohibi bank s. banca v.t. a depune la banca v.i. 1. a avea cont la banca 2. a fi bancher; a mdeplini atributiile unei banci ~ acceptance/bill - accept/cambie bancar(a) ~ account - cont bancar ~ annuities - titluri de renta conso- lidata ~ balance - sold in banca ~ book - carnet/livret de banca - charges/commission - comision bancar ~ clearing - cliring bancar - clerk - easier (de banca) ~ credit - credit bancar ~ deposit - depozit bancar ~ discount - scont comercial ~ draft - trata bancara 1

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BAN-BAR 35 ~ examination - control al gestiunii bancii ~ guarantee - garantie bancara ~ holiday - (SUA) mchidere temporara a bancilor (prin decizie guvema- mentald pentru a evita retrageri mari de fonduri de cdtre populatia in panicd) ~ holidays - sarbatori legale ~ insolvency - insolvabilitate bancara ~ interest - dobanda bancara ~ lending policy - politica de creditare a bancii ~ liquidity - lichiditate bancara ~ loan - tmprumut bancar ~ note - bancnota ~ of commerce - banca comerciala ~ of deposit - banca de depuneri ~ of issue - banca de emisiune ~ overdraft - depasire a contului din banca, credit prin cont descoperit ~ rate - taxa de scont ~ reserves - rezerve bancare ~ run - cerere de retragere a depu- nerilor din banca (de cdtre clienfi intrafi in panicd) ~ statement - extras de cont ~ sweep arrangements - instruc^iuni de virare din cont curent in cont de depozit (sau invers) bankable adj. care poate fi acceptat de o banca ~ asset - activ acceptat (drept garanfie de o banca) banker s. 1. bancher 2. director de banca ~'s acceptance/bill - accept/cambie bancar(a) ~s' bank - banca centrala

~'s cheque/draft - trata bancara ~'s clearing house - oficiu de cliring bancar ~s' deposits - depozite ale bancilor comerciale (la banca centrala) ~'s discount - scont comercial ~'s enquiry/reference - referin^a a bancii ~'s order - ordin de plata la intervale regulate (din cont) banking s. \. activitate bancara 2. afaceri bancare; servicii bancare -account - cont bancar ~ law - drept bancar; lege bancara; legislate bancara - structure - structura bancara (distribufia bancilor care opereazd pe o anumitd piatd in functie de numdr, amplasare 51 dimensiune) - support - interventie bancara (pentru sustinerea cursului) ~ syndicate - sindicat bancar -system- sistem bancar bankrupt s. falit; debitor insolvabil adj. falit, insolvabil v.t. a duce la faliment, a falimenta ~'s certificate - (dr.) concordat to go ~ - a da faliment bankruptcy s. faliment, bancruta ~ level - nivel al datoriei pentru care se poate declara falimentui ~ petition - (dr.) cerere de declarare In stare de faliment bar s. 1. bara 2. lingou ~ code - cod de bare (pe un produs) bare adj. 1. gol, nud (despre o nova fora echipaj) 2. neasigurat, fara asigurare ~ boat - nava nuda (navlositd ford echipaj)

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36 BAR-BAS ~ - boat/- hull/- pole charter - navlosire a navei nude; contract de navlosire a navei nude ~ trust - (dr.) imputemicire pasiva (prin care mandatarul nu are nici o sarcind activa) bargain s. 1. afacere, tranzactie, targ 2. invoiala, targuiala 3. cumparare avantajoasa, chilipir v.t. 1. a negocia, a se targui pentru 2. (away) a vinde tn pierdere v.i. a mcheia un targ, a cadea la invoiala; a face o afacere - and sale - contract de vanzare-cum- parare ~ basement/counter - raion de solduri ~ hunter - persoana in cautare de solduri/ocazii ~ maker - intermediar, misit ~ prices - preturi de sold ~ sale - lichidare a stocului, soldare to be a ~ - a fi o ocazie/un chilipir to hunt for ~s - a fi in cautare de ocazii/chilipiruri to drive a hard — a se tocmi mult bargaining s. negociere ~ power - drept de negociere (a unui contract) barge s. slep, baria, mahona, salanda ~ derrick - slep cu biga; ponton cu biga de marfa ~ port - port cu alimbare ~ tank - slep-tanc petrolier bargee s. slepar, membru al echipajului unui slep bargeman v. bargee barometer s. barometru ~ stock - (bur.) actiuni - barometru barrator s. persoana vinovata de baraterie

barratry s. (asig. mar.) baraterie (acte sdvdrsite de comandant sau echipaj, care dduneazd navei sau caricului acesteia) barrel s. 1. butoi, butoias 2. baril (unitate de capacitate) ~ cargo - caric/incarcatura in butoaie barrier s. bariera, restrictie ~ to entry - bariera de intrare (a unei firmepe opiatd) ~ to exit - bariera de iesire (a unei firme de pe o piatd, dacd se are in vedere necesitatea recuperdrii costu-rilor de intrare) ~ to trade - bariera comerciala barrister s. avocat (in instantele superioare) barter s. (corn.) barter ~ agreement/arrangement - acord de barter - transaction - tranzactie de barter/in contrapartida base adj. obisnuit, nepretios (despre metale); fals (despre monede) basic adj. fundamental, de baza ~ banking - servicii bancare principale/de baza ~ books - (cont.) evidente primare ~ earning power ratio - rata puterii de castig (indicd puterea activelor unei societdfi de a genera venit din exploatare) ~ industry - industria grea ~ needs - subzisten^a ~ wage - salariu tarifar/de baza basis s. 1. baza, punct de plecare 2. diferenta dintre pre^ul de exercitm dintr-un contract la termen si pre^ul spot (la bursa de mdrfuri) ~ of taxation - baza de impunere

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BAS-BEN 37 ~ point - punct de baza (o sutime dintr-un punct procentual) ~ price/rate - pret/tarif de baza basket 5. cos ~ of currencies - (fin.) cos valutar (grup de volute selectate pentru evaluarea altei valute) hatch s. partida, lot, serie (de mar/a) ~ production - productie in serie mica/discontinua baza(a)r s. 1. bazar (oriental) 2. magazin universal 3. bazar de binefacere bear (bur.) s. speculant a la • baisse (care mizeazd pe scdderea cursului) adj. in scadere v.t. a cauta sa provoace o scadere (a cursului) - account/position - acoperire insuficienta ~ campaign/raid/tack - campanie/ speculate a la baisse ~ market - pia^a in scadere ~ pool - cartel al speculantilor a la baisse - run - presiune a speculantilor a la baisse ~ squeeze - constrangere a vanza-torilor descoperiti (care vand la termen fara acoperire, obligati sd cumpere in pierdere pentru a face fata anga-jamentelor contractate) ~ transaction - tranzactie a la baisse bearer s. purtator ~ bond - obligatiune la purtator ~ cheque - cec la purtator ~ paper - efect de comert la purtator ~ scrip - certificat provizoriu (de acfiuni, obligafiuni) la purtator ~ securities - titluri de valoare la purtator

~ shares - acfiuni la purtator bearish adj. de scadere, cu tendinta de scadere (desprepiafa bursierd) before prep. inainte de ~ - tax profit - profit neimpozitat beforehand adv., adj. anticipat beggar s. cersetor v.t. a saraci, a pauperiza ~ - my-neighbour policy - politica ,,cersetorul, vecinul tau" (acfiuni prin care o fard incearcd sd reducd somajul si sd creased venitui intern prin retrictii la import, devalorizare competitivd etc.) belonger s. apar^inator (tip de consumator) below prep. sub ~ par - (bur.) sub pari, sub paritate/valoarea nominala (despre acfiuni) ~ the line - sub linie (termen contabil care se referd la acele articole ale contului de profit si pierderi ce se inscriu sub cifra profitului net; parte a bugetului de marketing pe care compania o cheltuieste pentru toate activitdfile promotionale, cu excepfia publicitdfii in mass media) beneficial adj. profitabil, avantajos ~ interest -(dr.) uzufruct ~ owner - (dr.) uzufructuar beneficiary s. beneficiar benefit s. 1. beneficiu, castig, folos 2. indemnizatie; ajutor, alocatie v.t. a folosi, a aduce beneficii v./. a beneficia, a trage foloase/profit ~ association/club/society - societate de ajutor reciproc ~ -cost ratio - (fin.) raport beneficiu- -cost, indice de profitabilitate

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38 BEN-BIL ~ in kind - beneficiu in natura (obfinut de un angajat in afara salariului) bequeath v.t. a testa, a lasa prin testament bequest s. 1. testament 2. mostenire berth s. 1. dana 2. cuseta v.i. a acosta la dana ~ cargo - caric de linie ~ charge - taxa de dana ~ charter - contract de transport cu condi^ii de linie ~ clause - clauza danei/,,la rand" ~ freights/rates - cota navlurilor de linie ~ owner - proprietar de nava de linie ~ terms - conditii (contractuale) de linie ~ trade/traffic - transport de linie neregulat berthage s. 1. front de dane; spatiu de receptionare a marfurilor 2. taxa de stationare la dana bespoke adj. pe comanda (despre haine) best adj., adv. eel mai bun s. maxim ~ buy - eel mai avantajos/competitiv articol ~ effort - (fin.) efbrtui eel mai avantajos (pentru un investitor bancar care nu-fi asumd nici o responsa- bilitate in cazul in care o emisiune de actiuni nu se vinde integral) ~ price - (bur.) pretui eel mai bun/ avantajos (de vdnzare sau cumpdrare a unor actiuni) ~ seller - carte de mare succes; articol foarte cautat bet s. pariu v.t., v.i. a paria beta s. beta

- coefficient/factor - (bur.) coeficient/ factor beta (coeficient care aratd mdsura in care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei societdti variazd in funcfie de rata de rehabilitate a indicelui piefei bursiere) better adj. mai bun; superior ~ offer - supraoferta betterment s. imbunata^ire, amelio-rare; dezvoltare ~ levy - taxa pe imbunatatiri (publice aduse unei proprietdfi particulare) bid s. oferta, licitare; pret oferit (la licitafie) v.t. 1. a da, a oferi (un pre{ la licitafie) 2. (over) a supralicita 3. fup) a ridica (pretui) prin supralicitare v.i. a licita, a participa la licitatie ~ -asked spread - plaja de licitatie (diferenfa dintre preful de licitatie §i preful cerut) -costs - costuri ale ofertei de pre^ - price - pre^ oferit (pref pe care un dealer il va plati pentru o actiune) bidder s. ofertant, licitant -s'ring - coalitie a hcitan^ilor bidding s. oferta, licitare; pret oferit (la licitafie) ~ ring - coalite a licitan^ilor bilateral adj. bilateral ~ contract - contract bilateraV sinalagmatic ~ monopoly - monopol bilateral ~ trade agreements - acorduri comerciale bilaterale bilateralism s. (corn.) bilateralism bill s. 1. proiect de lege 2. lista; inventar; declarable; certificat 3. factura; nota de plata 4. cambie 5. (dr.) cerere, petitie; reclamafie, plangere 6. (SUA) bancnota 7. afis, anun^ v.t. 1. a

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BIL-BLA 39 inregistra, a trece pe o lista 2. a anunta (printr-un afi§) 3. a factura ~ book - registru de cambii ~ - broker - agent de scont ~ market - piata de scont ~ of adventure - (mar.) contract de transport al marfurilor pe raspunderea proprietarului ~ of costs - nota de cheltuieli de judecata - of credit - scrisoare de credit, acreditiv ~ of delivery - bon de livrare, factura - of entry - declaratie vamala la sosire - of exchange - cambie ~ of exchange in a set - set de cambii ~ of fare - meniu, lista de mancaruri ~ of goods - nomenclator de marfuri ~ of health - patenta/certificat de sanatate ~ of lading - conosament ~ of materials - lista de materiale - of parcels - factura, act de insotire ~ of quantities - deviz estimativ ~ of sale - contract de vanzare ~ of sight/view - declaratie vamala provizorie ~ of store - autorizatie de reimport cu scutire de taxe vamale (a marfurilor care au fost exportate din Marea Britanie cu mai putin de cinci ani mainte de data reimportului) ~ of sufferance - (mar.) permis de cabotaj cu scutire de taxe vamale (pentru provizii) ~ poster - lipitor de afise ~ rate - taxa de scont ~ s for collection - cambii pentru Tncasare

~ s for discount - cambii pentru scontare ~ s payable - cambii de platit ~ s receivable - cambii de Tncasat billboard s. avizier, panou de afise billing s. 1. facturare 2. aflsare, anuntare ~ clerk - facturier ~ machine - masina de facturat bimetallism s. (fin.) bimetalism bin s. lada, cutie (pentru unele alimente, produse) ~ card - fisa de identificare (a continutului fi a cantitdtii unei Idzi) bind v.t. 1. a obliga, a lega (prin contract, angajamente Ie gale) 2. (out) a da la ucenicie 3. (over) a obliga, a determina, a constrange binder s. contract de asigurare pro-vizoriu biodegradable adj. biodegradabil biotechnology s. biotehnologie black 5. adj. negru v.t. a boicota (a ordona tuturor membrilor unui sindicat sd boicoteze produsele unei intreprinderi ai caret muncitori sunt in grevd) • ~ - coated workers - functionari ~ economy - economie subterana ~ market - piata neagra ~ marketeer - speculant pe piata neagra ~ money - bani murdari ~ payment - piata neagra (cdtre un lucrdtor angajat fdrd contract de muncd) blackleg s. spargator de greva blackmail s. santaj, extorcare v.t. a santaja, a extorca

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40 BLA-BOG blank adj. necompletat, in alb s. 1. spa^iu gol/necompletat 2. fbrmular, blancheta ~ acceptance/bill - cambie In alb ~ bill of lading - conosament la purtator ~ cheque - cec Tn alb ~ credit - acreditiv Tn alb (cu suma nespecificata) ~ endorsement - andosare Tn alb ~ signature - semnatura Tn alb ~ transfer - transfer (de actiuni) Tn alb (numele cesionarului ramd'ndnd necompletat in acte) blanket adj. general; global ~ insurance - asigurare globala (care acoperd un grup de riscuri multiple sau asigurd o proprietate in locuri diferite) ~ mortgage - ipoteca globala (care inlocuie^te un numdr de ipoteci existente); ipoteca generala/totala ~ order - comanda generala/nespeci- ficata ~ price - pref; general/unic blister s. blister ~ pack - ambalaj transparent bloc s. bloc (economic); grupare (politico) block s. 1. bloc; (SUA) cvartal 2. (bur.) pachet de actiuni v.t. a bloca (un cont) ~ insurance - asigurare Tn bloc (a mdrfurilor expediate in loturi mid cu diferite mijioace de transport) ~ offer - oferta Tn bloc ~ trading - tranzactie Tn bloc (de pachete man de acfiuni) ~ vote - vot reprezentativ (la adundrile sindicale)

blockade s. blocada v.t. a supune unei blocade blue adj. albastru ~ chips - actiuni alfa (foarte sigure §i rentabile) ~ - collar workers - gulere albastre (muncitori manuali/industriali) ~ - sky laws - (SUA) legislatia care reglementeazd vdnzarea valorilor mobiliare blurb s. prezentare - reclama (a unei cdrfi fdcutd pe coperta acesteia) board s. 1. scandura, dulap 2. bord (al unei nave etc.) 3. consiliu, comisie; departament; minister 4. mancare, masa 5. panou; avizier v.t. 1. a urea la bord 2. a tine Tn pensiune ~ and lodging - masa si casa, pensiune ~ chairman - presedinte al consiliului de administratie - foot - picior-cherestea ~ measure - masura de cherestea (care folosesjte ca unitate piciorul-cherestea) ~ meeting - sedinta a consiliului de administratie ~ of directors - consiliu de administratie - room - sala de consiliu body s. -organ, organizatie ~ copy - text de baza (textui principal al unui material publicitar) ~ corporate - persoanajuridica ~ language - limbaj corporal (modalitate de comunicare nonverbald caracterizatd de mi^cdrile trupului) bogus adj. fals; fictiv ~ cheque - cec fals ~ company - societate fictiva ~ signature - semnatura de complezenta

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BOG-BOO 41 ~ transaction - tranzac^ie necinstita bolshevism s. bolsevism bonanza s. 1. mina de aur 2. succes in afaceri bond s. 1. (fin.) obligatiune; pi. obligatiuni la purtator 2. garanfie; angajament formal de plata 3. (asig.) contract de garantie v.t. 1. a garanta (un imprumut) prin obligatiuni 2. a depo- zita (marfuri) in antrepozite vamale ~ certificate - certificat (provizoriu) de obligatiuni ~ creditor - creditor garantat prin obligatiuni ~ dues - taxe de depozitare Tn antrepozite vamale ~ financing - finan^are prin emitere de obligatiuni ~ issue - emisiune de obligatiuni, Tmprumut obligatar ~ loan - tmprumut obligatar ~ market - pia^a titlurilor de stat ~ note - permis de scoatere (a mdrfurilor) din vama ~ rating - clasificare a obligatiunilor (close atribuite obligafiunilor pe baza probabilitdfii de intrare in incetare de plata a societdfilor emitente) ~ syndicate - sindicat de subscriere a unei emisiuni de obligatiuni bonded adj. 1. garantat prin obligatiuni 2. in vama, depozitat in antrepozit vamal ~ carman - camionagiu autorizat sa transporte marfuri depozitate in antrepozite vamale ~ factory/manufacturing warehouse - fabrica autorizata sa depoziteze marfuri impozabile (prelucrate indus

trial, taxele vamale fiind achitate cand produsele pdrdsesc intreprinderea) ~ goods - marfuri in vama ~ stores - provizii nevamuite (ale unei nave) ~ terms - cu livrare din antrepozit vamal ~ value - valoare a marfurilor nevamuite ~ vaults - pivnita vamala ~ warehouse - antrepozit vamal bondholder s. detinator de obligatiuni bondsman s. (dr.) garant bondwashing 5'. spalare a obligatiunilor (vanzarea obligatiunilor guvema-mentale cu pufin timp inainte de scadenfd pentru a evita plata impo-zitelor) bonus s. prima, bonus ~ dividend - dividend suplimentar ~ for special risk - spor de periclitate ~ issue/shares - actiuni gratuite (distribute acfionarilor existenti proportional cu actiunile detinute) ~ scheme - sistem de prime book s. 1. carte, volum 2. registru (contabil) adj. 1. de carte 2. care rezulta din registrul contabil, contabil v.t. 1. a inregistra, a trece Tntr-un registru 2. a retine (locuri, bilete) 3. (in) a ponta (un salariat) la venire 4. (off, out) a ponta (un salariat) la plecare ~ cost - pret de cost contabil ~ debt - creanta contabila ~ entry - inregistrare contabila ~ entry system - (cont.) sistem de evident a intrarilor ~ profit - profit contabil ~ s of account - registre/evidente contabile

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42 boost s. crestere, marire (a preturilor) v.t. 1. a creste, a mari (preturi) 2. a promova, a sus^ine intens (un produs, o marcd etc.) booth s. taraba; chiosc border s. frontiera, grani^a ~ station - gara de frontiera ~ tax adjustments - ajustari ale taxelor pe produsele de export borrow v.t. a Tmprumuta, a lua cu Tmprumut borrower s. persoana care ia cu imprumut, imprumutat; debitor boss s. sef, boss; patron bottleneck s. gatuire a productiei, timp mort tn fluxul tehnologic, gol de productie ~ inflation - inflatie cauzata de golul de productie (scdderea ofertei) bottom s. 1. fund, baza 2. (mar.) fund de nava, carena; nava adj. minim, eel mat scazut ~ price - pre^ul/cursul eel mai scazut bottomry s. Tmprumut maritim (cu ipotecarea navei) ~ bond - contract de Tmprumut maritim ~ lien - drept de reten^ie a navei (de cdtre creditor) bound adj. 1. (dr.) obligat, constrans 2. (mar.) (for) cu destinatia, Tn drum spre bounty s. prima, subventie (de incurajare a exporturilor) boutique s. butic boycott s. boicot v.t. a boicota bracket s. clasa, categorie, grupa (de salarizare, impozitare) ~ creep - alunecare spre o categoric superioara de impozitare (cauzata de inflafie)

~ s of first/original/prime entry - jumal; jumal order ~ s of receipts and expenditures - registru de venituri si cheltuieli -- trade - industria earth ~ value - valoare contabila ~ value weights - (cont.) structura valorii de inventar (pondered compo- nentelor capitalului in valoarea lui totald conform costului sdu istoric) to keep the ~ s - a tine contabilitatea booking s. I. Tnregistrare, trecere in registru 2. retinere, rezervare (de locuri, bilete) ~ clerk - easier (la casa de bilete) ~ hall - sala de vanzare de bilete ~ note - {mar.} aviz de angajament/ navlosire ~ office - casa de bilete bookkeeper s. contabil bookkeeping s. contabilitate booklet s. brosura bookmaker s. bookmaker, agent de pariuri bookseller s. librar bookshop s. librarie bookstall s. stand de carfi; chiosc de ziare bookstand v. bookstall boom s. 1. avant (economic), prospe- ritate, boom 2. perioada de succes (al unui produs) 3. crestere rapida, explozie (a preturilor) v.i. 1. a pro- gresa, a prospera 2. a creste rapid (despre preturi) boomlet s. 1. scurta perioada de avant economic; conjuctura economica favorabila 2. crestere temporara (a preturilor)

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BRA-BRI 43 brainstorming s. brainstorming branch s. 1. ramura, bransa; domeniu, sfera de activitate 2. filiala, sucursala v.i. (out) a se extinde (despre o afacere) ~ banking - activitate bancara prin intennediul sucursalelor ~ manager - director de filiala/ sucursala ~ network - retea de sucursale brand s. marca ~ acceptance - acceptare a march (de cdtre consumatori) ~ development index - indice de dezvoltare a marcii (care aratd mdsura in care un produs pdtrunde pe diferite zone ale uneipiete) ~ image - imagine a marcii ~ loyalty - loialitate/fidelitate fata de marca ~ management - management al marcii ~ name - denumire a marcii - valuation - evaluare a marcii (procesul prin care unei mdrci i se ataseazd o valoare in foaia de bilant a companiei) ~ values - valori ale marcii branding s. branding, creare a marcii breach s. incalcare, nerespectare ~ of confidence/security - nerespectare a secretului - of contract - incalcare a contractului ~ of trust - abuz de Tncredere ~ of warranty - incalcare a unei clauze contractuale break v.t. 1. a rupe 2. a falimenta, a ruina 3. a schimba (bani in unitdti subdivizionare) 4. a lansa (o companie, un produs) cu multa publicitate 5.

(down) a imparti, a diviza; a defaica; a clasifica; a analiza 6. (off) a tntrerupe (relatii); a incaica, a rupe (un contract) 7. (up) a ridica (o sedintd) v.i. 1. a da faliment 2. feven) a atinge pragul de rentabilitate ~ - even analysis - (cont. ) analiza pragului de rentabilitate (metodd de a stabili ce nivel al vdnzdrilor este necesar pentru ca un produs nou sd depdseascd pragul de rentabilitate, adicd veniturile sd fie mai mari deceit costurile) ~ - even chart - grafic al pragului de rentabilitate ~ - even point - punct critic al rentabilitatii breakable adj. fragil, casabil breakage s. 1. spargere, deteriorare 2. compensatie sau reducere (pentru mdrfurile deteriorate in tranzit) 3. spatiu mort/nefolosit (pe navd) breakdown s. 1. avarie, defectiune 2. tmpartire, divizare; defalcare; clasifi- care3. analiza ~ clause - clauza ineficientei (navei) ~ of prices - analiza a preturilor ~ service - depanare brew V.L a fabrica bere brewer s. fabricant de bere brewery s. fabrica de bere bribe s. mita v.t. a mitui, a corupe bribery s. mituire, luare sau dare de mita bridge s. pod, punte - loan - imprumut-punte/de legatura, finantare interimara {imprumut pe tennen scurt pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut permanent)

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44 BRI-BUL

brief adj. scurt, concis s. 1. rezumat 2. (dr.) dosar (aZ MHMÎ' proces); prezentare a dovezilor (pentru a fi studiate de apărare) v.t. 1. rezuma, a expune pe scurt 2. a încredinţa fMn caz unni avocat) brisk aJ/. activ, viu ~ market - piaţă activă broken adj. 1. rupt, spart 2. încălcat, nerespectat 3. incomplet 4. falit, minat ~ amount/lot - (bur.) pachet incomplet de acţiuni ~ lots. - articole desperecheate/ dezasortate ~ stowage - (mar.) spaţiu nefolosit/ mort (la stivuire); material de umplutură ~ time - program/timp (de lucru) cu întreruperi broker s. broker, 'curtier; agent (de bursă, asigurări etc.); intermediar ~'s lien - drept de retenţie (a poliţei de asigurare) de câtre agentul de asigurare ~ 's loan - credit acordat brokerului (garantat prin titluri de valoare) ~'s order - (mar.) ordin al agentului de încărcare ~'s return - (mar.) borderou al agentului de încărcare brokerage s. brokeraj, curtaj brown adj. maro ~ goods - produse maro (bunuri de consum de folosinţâ îndelungatâ care se fabricau iniţial în carcase de culoare maro - radiouri, televizoare etc.) bubble s. 1. bulă 2. (bur.) agitare a pieţei (prin cumpărarea masivâ de acţiuni ale unei societâfi neperfor-

mante cu intenţia de a-i creşte artificîal valoarea) ~ chart - grafic cu baloane (în care societăţile sau produsele sunt repre- zentate prin cercnri/baloane proporţio- nale ca mărime cu puterea competitivâ exprimată prin volumul vânzărilor, active sau cota de piaţâ) ~ company - societate-fantomă budget s. buget v.t. a aloca, a repartiza (din buget) v.i. a prevedea în buget ~ account - cont de buget (cont bancar din care se achitâ regulat plăţile curente); (com.) sistem de vânzări cu plata în rate ~ line - linie bugetară (grup de produse pe care un consumator le poate cumpăra în funcţie de venitul propriu) to pass the ~ - a aproba/a vota bugetul budgetary adj. bugetar ~ control - control bugetar ~ deficit - deficit bugetar - policy - politică bugetară budgeting s. întocmire a bugetului buffer s. tampon ~ stock - stoc-tampon building s. construcţie ~ contractor - antreprenor, constmctor ~ loan - credit (ipotecar) acordat pentru cumpârarea sau construcţia de locuinţe - society/and loan association - bancă de economii şi societate de construcţii, societate ipotecară bulk s. grămadâ, vrac; marfâ m vrac ~ analysis - analiză globală ~ cargo/freight - caric/încărcăturâ în vrac

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BUL-BUS 45 ~ carrier/trader - vrachier, navă de mărfuri în vrac ~ container - container pentru marfa în vrac ~ dry cargo - caric/încărcătură uscat(ă) în vrac ~ goods - mărfuri în vrac ~ - grain carrier - cerealier ~ - handling cargo dock - chei de mărfuri în vrac ~ lorry - autocistemă ~ - oil carrier - tanc petrolier ~ - ore carrier - mineralier ~ pile - încărcătură amestecată, marfă nesortată ~ production - producţie în serie/de masă ~ storage - depozitare în vrac ~ weight - masă specifîcă în vrac; densitate în grămadă to break ~ - a începe descărcarea, a dezarima bulkhead s. perete etanş de compartimentare (al unei nave) bulky adj. mare, voluminos ~ goods - marfa voluminoasâ bull (bur.) s. speculant â la hausse (care mizează pe creşterea cursului) adj. în creştere v.t. a căuta sâ provoace o creştere (a cursului) - account/position - acoperire excedentară ~ campaign - campanie/speculatie â la hausse ~ market - piaţă în creştere - pool - cartel al speculanţilor â la hausse ~ run - presiune a speculanţilor â la hausse

~ transaction - tranzactie â la hausse bulldog s. buldog ~ bonds - obligaţiuni-buldog (emise de societăţi străine pe piaţa Marii Britanii) bullet s. (fin.) glonţ (imprumut ram- bursat într-o singură tranşâ la sfârşitul perioadei scadente) bullion s. lingou (de aur sau argint) ~ reserve - (fin.) rezervă metalică bullish adj. de creştere, cu tendinţă de creştere (desprepiaţa bursierâ) bunkering s. (mar.) buncherare ~ agent - agent de buncherare ~ port - port de buncherare burden s. 1. sarcină, greutate; încărcătură 2. obligaţie (contractuală); răspundere, responsabiliate 3. (mar.) capacitate de încărcare de marfa 4. (cont.) cheltuieli de regie v.t. a încărca - of proof - (dr.) sarcina probatiunii, onusprobandi burdensome adj. împovărător, oneros bureau s. birou, ofîciu, agenţie; departament bureaucracy s. birocraţie bureaucrat s. birocrat burglary 5. furt prin efracţie ~ insurance - asigurare contra furtului bursary s. bursă (universitară, de studii) bushel s. buşel, baniţă (unitate de capacitaîe) business s. 1. afaceri, activitate comer- cială 2. afacere; problemă; proiect 3. firmă, societate comercială 4. profesie, ocupaţie, meserie adj. de afaceri, referitor la afaceri; comercial ~ agent - reprezentant comercial ~ card - carte de vizită

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46 BUS-BUY - centre - centru de afaceri ~ correspondence - corespondenţă comercială ~ cycle - ciclu economic (succesiunea perioadelor de expansiune şi recesiune în activitatea economica) ~ data processing - infbrmatică de gestiune ~ day - zi lucrătoare ~ economics - comert ~ failure - faliment al firmei ~ game -joc de simulare/gestiune ~ hours - program/ore de lucru (în magazine şi birouri) ~ house - casă de comert ~ interruption policy - poliţă de asigurare împotriva întreruperii afacerii (cauzată de un accident major) ~ law - drept comercial ~ management - managementul între- prinderii ~ manager - director comercial ~ of the day - ordine de zi ~ plan - plan de afaceri ~ profit - profit din activitatea curentă ~ risk - (/m.) risc de firmă (riscul de bază inerent activităţii de exploatare a firmei) ~ savings - economii/rezerve ale firmei ~ strategy - strategie de afaceri ~ term - termen comercial ~ - to - business advertising - publi- citate industrială ~ unionism - (SUA) sindicalism de sistem (concepţie sindîcală de a accepta şi susţine sistemul capitalist, lupta sindicatelor limitându-se la

îmbunătăţirea condiţiilor de muncâ şi viaţă) to go into ~ - a intra în afaceri to travel on ~ - a călători în interes de afaceri businesslike adj. de afaceri, referitor la afaceri; practic businessman s. om de afaceri buy s. cumpărare; cumpărărătură v.t. 1. a cumpăra 2. fback) a răscumpăra 3. (in) a stoca (materiale); a răscumpăra (la licitaţie) 4. finto) a cumpăra (acfiuni ale unei societâţi) 5. (off, over) a mitui 6. (out) a cumpăra (toate acţiunile unei societăţi); a răscumpăra (pe cineva pentru afi scutit de serviciul militar) 1. fturnover) a realiza (vânzâri mari, însâ cu profit minim) 8. (up) a cumpăra (acţiuni aîe unei societăţi încercând să preia controlul acesteia)', a acapara (o marfd cu scopul de a controla fumizarea ei) v.i. a face cumpărături buyback s. 1. răscumpărare (de câtre o societate a acţiunilor pe care le-a vândut anterior) 2. cumpărare de produse rezultate (acord de barter prin care exportatorul unor utilaje acceptâ contravaloarea acestora în bunuri produse cu instalaţiile respective) buyer s. cumpărător - concentration - concentrare/limitare a cumpărătorilor (pe o piaţă) ~ credit - credit cumpărător (acordat unui cumpârător străin de câtre banca exportatorului pentru mărfurile importate) ~ s no sellers - (bur.) cumpărători fâră vânzători

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BUY-BY

-s' market - piaţâ favorabilă cum- pârătorilor ~'s monopoly - monopson ~'s option to double - (bur.) opţiune care îi dă cumpărătorului dreptul de a cumpâra un pachet dublu de acţiuni faţâ de cel convenit - s over - (bur.) cererea mai mare decât oferta ~'s risk - risc al cumpărătorului ~'s surplus - surplus al cumpărăto- mlui/consumatorului (diferenţa dintre preţul pe care cumpărătorul intenţio- nează sâ-l ofere pentru un anumit produs şî preţul pe care îl plâteşte în realitate) ~ s'strike - grevă a cumpărătorilor buygrid s. grilă de aprovizionare (model al activitâţii de aprovizionare industrială) buying s. cumpărare

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~ cycle - ciclu de cumpărare (frecvenţu cu care este achiziţionat un produs) ~ forward - stocare, depozitare în stoc (de marfâ, materii prime) ~ long - (bur.) cumpărare â la hausse ~ power - putere de cumpărare ~ round - cumpărare farâ intermediari (direct de la producâtor sau importator) buyout s. cumpărare/preluare a unei societâţi by adj. secundar, auxiliar ~ (e) - law - hotărâre a administraţiei locale; decizie a unei societăţi/corpo- raţii (în completare la regulamentul existent) ~ - product - produs secundar/auxi- liar, derivat ~ - work - muncâ suplimentară/acce- sorie

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c cable s. 1. cablu 2. cablogramă; telegramă v.i. a telegrafia ~ address - adresă telegrafîcă ~ order - comandă telegrafică ~ rate - curs de schimb pentru transferurile (valutare) telegrafice ~ transfer - transfer telegrafic cablegram s. cablogramă • cabotage s. (mar.) cabotaj cadaster v. cadastre cadastral adj. cadastral ~ map - hartă cadastrală ~ register - carte funciară ~ survey - ridicare cadastrală cadastre s. cadastru calendar s. 1. calendar 2. (dr.) calendar de termene, rol 3. (fin.) program al emisiunilor (de titluri de valoare) v.t. a înscrie în calendar, a înregistra ~ day - zi calendaristică ~ year - an calendaristic call s. 1. apel/convorbire telefonică 2. apel, cerere, solicitare (de platâ a unei societăţi ai cărei acţionari sunt solicitaţi să plătească sumele restante pentru acţiunile deţinute) 3. revocare (rambursarea unei emisiuni de obligaţiuni sau acţiuni preferenţiale înainte de scadenţa) 4. (bur.) opţiune de apel/cumpărare, call 5. vizită (profesională, de afaceri) 5. (mar.) escală v.t. 1. a chema 2. a aduna, a convoca 3. (in) a cere plata (unei datorii); a scoate din circulatie (bani) 4. (oft) a anula, a contramanda 5. (mt) a chema la grevă 6. (up) a chema la

telefon v.i. (on, upon) a soma (un debitor); a face o scurtă vizită (despre un agent comercial) ~ box - cabină telefonică - deposit - depozit la vedere ~ feature - posibilitate/clauză de revocare (care îi permite emitenîului sâ-şî râscumpere titlurile de valoare, la un preţ specificat, înainte de maturitate) ~ letter - scrisoare de apel (adresatâ unui acţionar pentru a plăti acţiunile deţinute) ~ loaq. - împrumut rambursabil la cerere ~ market - piaţa împrumuturilor ramurbsabile la cerere ~ - of - more option - (bur.) opţiune care îi dă drept cumpărâtorului să cumpere un pachet dublu de acţiuni faţă de cel convenit ~ on shares - solicitare de achitare a acţiunilor ~ option - (bur.) optiune de apel (ppţiune de cumpărare a unui activ la un preţ de exerciţiu specificat) - premium - primă de revocare (sumâ peste valoarea nominalâ care trebuie plătită de o societate cănd revocă o emisiune de titluri de valoare) ~ price - preţ de revocare ~ privilege - privilegiu de revocare (clauzâ încorporată într-o obligaţiune sau acţiune preferenţială care îi dă

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CAL-CAP 49 emitentului dreptul de a revoca titlul de valoare la un preţ specificat) ~ provision - clauză de revocare - rate - dobândă pentru depozitele la vedere; (com.) număr de vizite facute de un reprezentant comercial (clienţilor sau potenţialilor clienţi) ~ s in arrears - restanţe la achitarea acţiunilor callability s. (fin.) posibilitate/clauză de revocare (a unui titlu de valoare) callable adj. revocabil (înainte de scadenţă); plătibil (la cerere) ~ bond - obligaţiune revocabilă ~ preferred stocks - (SUA) titluri preferenţiale revocabile camber s. căuş (bazin portuar mic) cambist ^. l.agent de schimb (de cambii) 2. specialist în schimburile financiare 3. manual, ghid (care cuprinde unităţile monetare, de măsură ale mai multor ţări) campaign s. campanie (publicitară, de presă etc.) can s. 1. cutie de conserve 2. bidon, canistră; cană v.t. a conserva, a pune în cutii de conserve canal s. canal (artificial) ~ barge - şlep de canal ~ boat - navă de canal . ~ bridge - pod-canal ~ dues/tolls - taxe de trecere prin canal ~ harbour/port - port de canal ~ lock - ecluză de canal ~ regulations - reguli de trecere prin canal cancel v.t. 1. a şterge, a tăia, a bifa 2. a anula, a realiza (un act, un contract)', a contramanda (o întrevedere, o

comandă); a anula, a radia (o datorie, o ipotecâ); a revoca (a hotărâre) cancellable adj. anulabil ~ bookings - rezervări anulabile ~ contract - contract anulabil cannery s. fabrică de conserve cannibalization s. canibalizare (situa-ţie în care creşterea volumului de vânzâri pentru o marcă provoacă scăderea cererii pentru o alta aparţi-nând aceleiaşi linii de produse) canvass ^. 1. examinare, analiză 2. prospectare (a pieţei) 3. propagandă electorală v.t. 1. a examina, a analiza 2. a prospecta (piaţa); a vizita, a parcurge (o regiune pentru colectarea de comenzi sau strângerea de voturi) v.i. 1 a căuta comenzi 2. a face propagandă electorală canvasser s. 1. agent comercial; comis- -voiajor 2. agent electoral cap s. (fin.) cap, capac, limită superioară (impusă dobânzii, mai ales în cazul ipotecii cu dobândă variabila) capacity s. 1. capacitate, volum 2. productivitate, randament 3. (dr.) capacitate legală ~ factor - factor de capacitate/utilizare -- in bales - capacitate în baluri/ baloturi -- in bulk - capacitate în vrac ~ production - productivitate normală ~ to contract - (dr.) capacitate de a contracta to work at/to ~ - a lucra la capacitatea maximâ capital s. 1. capital 2. capitală (oraş) 3. majusculă, literă mare adj. capital, principal, fundamental - account - (cont.) cont de capital

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50 CAP ~ accumulation/formation - acumu- lare de capital ~ adequacy - capital adecvat (capacitatea capitalului unei bânci de a face faţă unei eventuale evoluţii negative a activelor sale fară a deveni insoîvabilă) ~ allowances - facilităţi fiscale de capitalizare ~ appreciation - creştere a valorii de piaţă a unei investiţii ~ asset - activ de capital (activ pe termen lung deţinut în special pentru activitatea normalâ afirmei) ~ budget - buget de capital ~ budgeting - alocare a capitalului (criterii de decizie pentru investiţii în active fixe care implică compararea costnlui investiţiei cu beneficiile sale viitoare) ~ charges - (cont., fin.) cheltuieli de capital ~ cost allowance - cota cheltuielilor de capital (cheltuieli cu amortizarea pentru scopuri fiscale) ~ consumption - uzurâ a capitalului fix (în procesul de producţie) ~ cut-off point - punct până la care se poate obţine capital (în mod rentabil) ~ decumulation - reducere a capita- lului - deepening - creştere a productivităţii (mijloacelor de producţie prin cumpâ- rarea de utilaje performate, făra a urmări mărirea capacitâţii de producţie) ~ depreciation - amortizare ~ employed/owned - capital angajat (capitalul utilizat într-o afacSre, activul net)

~ equipment - fonduri fixe ~ expenditure/outlay - cheltuieli de investiţie ~ flight - exod al capitalalui (în alîe ţări) ~ gains - câştig de capital (profitul obţinut din vânzarea activelor de capital) ~ gains tax - impozit pe câştigul de capital ~ gains yield - randament al câştigului de capital ~ goods - bunuri de capital, mijloace de productie ~ impairment - deteriorare a capitalului (situaţia în care capitalul unei instituţii financiare scade sub nivelul prevăzut de reglementârile legale) ~ intensity - intensitate a capitalului (valoarea activelor necesare pentru a produce un dolar de vânzâri) ~ -intensive - consumator de capital (despre ramuriîe şi activităţile industriale care necesită un volum mare de capital pentru afuncţiona) ~ - intensive industry - industrie cu investiţii mari pe unitatea de produs ~ invested - capital investit ~ investment'- investiţii în mijloace de producţie - issue - emitere de acţiuni ~ lease - locaţie financiară/de capital, leasing financiar ~ levy - impozit pe capital ~ loss - pierdere de capital (la vân- zarea activelor de capital) ~ market - piaţă de capital

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CAP 51 ~ market line - linia pieţei de capital (reprezentarea grafîcă a relaţiei dintre risc şi rata necesară a rentabilităţii) ~ movements/transfers - transfer de capital (între două ţari) ~ - output ratio - raport investiţie- -producţie ~ profit - profit de capital (obţinut din vânzarea de fonduri fixe) ~ ratio - rată de capital (raportul dintre capitalul plus rezervele unei bânci şi activele sale totale) ~ rationing - raţionalizare a capitalului (destinat investiţiilor') ~ redemption reserve fund - fond de rezervă de rambursare a capitalului (subscris de deţinătorii de acţiuni preferenţiale ai unei societăţi) ~ reduction - reducere de capital (dîminuarea capitalului în acţiuni al unei societăţi) ~ requirements - necesar de capital ~ reserves - rezerve de capital, profit nedistribuit (acţionarilor) ~ resources - fonduri proprii ~ stock - capital fix (al unei economii sau al unei ramuri industriale); (SUA) capital social ~ structure - structură a capitalului ~ sum - total al despăgubirii (plâtite asiguratului de societatea de asigurări) ~ tax - impozit pe capital (care reprezintă un procent din totalul activelor) ~ turnover - rotaţia capitalului ~ value - valoare capitalizată ~ widening - extindere a fondurilor fixe (pentru mărirea capacitâţii de producţie) capitalism s. capitalism

capitalist s. capitalist capitalization s. 1. (bur., fin.) capita- lizare 2. structură a capitalului (unei societâţi) ~ of reserves - capitalizarea rezervelor (emisiune de acţiuni gratuite pentru acţionarii existenţi) ~ rate - rată de capitalizare/actualizare (utilizată pentru a calcula valoarea prezentâ a unei serii de încasâri viitoare în numerar) capitalize v.t. (bur.,fin.) a capitaliza capitation s. 1. calcul pe cap de locuitor 2. capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor ~ fee - taxă/cotizaţie individuală (plătită de fiecare membru al unei societâţi) ~ grant - alocaţie individuală/pe cap de locuitor ~ tax - capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor captain s. comandant de navă (în marina comercială) -'s bounty - primă a comandantului ~'s copy - copie a comandantului (de pe conosamentul original) ~'s entry charges - cheltuieli supli- mentare de descărcare ~'s entry craft - mahonă de urgentare ~'s (imperfect) entry - declaraţie vamală preliminară/provizorie ~'s liability - răspundere a coman- dantului ~'s protest - protest de mare captive adj. captiv ~ audience - auditoriu/public captiv (obligat sâ asculte material publicitar în timpul recepţionârii unor programe de radio şi televiziune)

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- market line - linia pieţei de capital (reprezentarea grafică a relafiei dintre risc şi rata necesară a rentabilităţii) ~ movements/transfers - transfer de capital (între două ţări) ~ - output ratio - raport investiţie- -producţie ~ profit - profit de capital (obţinut din vânzarea de fonduri fixe) ~ ^ratio - rată de capital (raportul dintre capitalul plus rezervele unei bănci şi activele sale totale) ~ rationing - raţionalizare a capitalului (destinat mvestiţiilor) ~ redemption reserve fund - fond de rezervă de rambursare a capitalului (subscris de deţinâtorii de acţiuni preferenţiale ai unei societăţi) ~ reduction - reducere de capital (diminuarea capitalului în acţiuni al unei societăţi) ~ requirements - necesar de capital ~ reserves - rezerve de capital, profit nedistribuit (acţionarilor) ~ resources - fonduri proprii - stock - capital fix (al unei economii sau al unei ramuri industriale); (SUA) capital social ~ structure - structură a capitalului - sum - total al despăgubirii (plătite asiguratului de societatea de asigurări) ~ tax - impozit pe capital (care reprezintă un procent din totalul activelor) ~ turnover - rotaţia capitalului ~ value - valoare capitalizată ~ widening - extindere a fondurilor fixe (pentru mărirea capacităfii de producţie) capitalism s. capitalism

capitalist s. capitalist capitalization s. 1. (bur., fin.) capita- lizare 2. stmctură a capitalului (unei societăţi) ~ of reserves - capitalizarea rezervelor (emisiune de acţiuni gratuite pentru acţionarii existenţi) ~ rate - rată de capitalizare/actualizare (utilizată pentru a calcula valoarea prezentă a unei serii de încasâri viitoare în numerar) capitalize v.t. (bur„fin.) a capitaliza capitation s. 1. calcul pe cap de locuitor 2. capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor - fee - taxă/cotizaţie individuală (plătită de fiecare membru al unei societăţi) ~ grant - alocaţie individuală/pe cap de locuitor ~ tax - capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor captain s. comandant de navă (în marina comercială) ~'s bounty - primă a comandantului ~'s copy - copie a comandantului (de pe conosamentul original) ~'s entry charges - cheftuieli supli- mentare de descărcare ~'s entry craft - mahonă de urgentare ~'s (imperfect) entry - declaraţie vamală preliminară/provizorie ~'s liability - răspundere a coman- dantului ~'s protest - protest de mare captive adj. captiv ~ audience - auditoriu/public captiv (obligat să asculte material publicitar în timpul recepţionării unor programe de radio şi televiziune)

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52 CAP-CAR ~ market - piaţă captivă (grup de consumatori care nu pot evita activitâţile publicitare, de marketing sau nu au de ales între multe oferte) ~ outlet - magazin captiv (care îşi poate desfăşura activitatea într-o clădire cu condiţia de a vinde numai mărfuri furnizate de proprietarii imobilului respectiv) car s. 1. automobil, autoturism 2. vagon (de tren, tramvai) ~ tax - impozit auto (mai ales la maşinile de import) carat s. carat carcase v. carcass carcass s. carcasă ~ weight - greutate a animalului tăiat şi curăţat card s. 1. cartelă; fişă 2. carte (de crediî), card 3. camet de membru ~ - carrying - având calitatea de membru (al unui partid, al unui sindicat) ~ catalogue - catalog pe fişe ~ index - cartotecă, fişier ~ vote - vot prin delegat/mandat cardholder s. 1. membru (al unui partid, al unui sindicat) 2. posesor al unei cărti de credit care s. 1. întreţinere; conservare 2. grijă, bunăvoinţă ~ and maintenance - întreţinere şi pază (a unui utilaj aflat în conservare) ~ of - prin grija/bunăvoinţa - of general delivery - (SUA) post- -restant career 5'. carieră; profesie ~ counselling - (man.) consultanţă în sectoml promovărilor (într-ofirmâ)

~ girl/woman - femeie interesată de reuşita profesională ~ planning - (man.) planificare a structurii profesionale (a personalului unei companii) careerism s. carierism, arivism cargo ^. 1. (mar.) caric 2. încărcătură; marfa ~ - and-passenger ship - navă mixtă (de marfă şipasageri) ~ barge - şlep de marfă ~ battens - fardaj lateral de aerisire ~ boat/carrier/ship/vessel - cargou, cargobot, navâ comercială de transport (de mârfuri) ~ book - registru de evidenţă a mărfurilor încărcate - capacity - capacitate de încărcare de marfa - carrier - cărăuş, transportator; cargobot ~ coeffîcient - coeficient de încărcare ~ container - container de marfâ ~ covered by bill - caric încărcat pe bază de conosament ~ damage report - raport de avariere/deteriorare a mărfurilor ~ deadweight - capacitate netă/utilă de încărcare - deadweight tonnage - tonaj net, capacitate de încărcare de marfa ~ draft/draught - pescaj de încărcare; coţadă de marfa ~ dues - taxe pe mărfurile operate - handling - manipulare de marfuri ~ in bulk - caric în vrac - in good condition - caric în stare bună (la sosirea navei în portul de destinaţie)

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CAR 53

~ insurance policy - poliţă de asigurare a caricului ~ liable to be broached - caric ce s-ar putea deplasa în magazie ~ lien - privilegiu de încărcare; drept de retenţie asupra mărfii ~ line -- linie de transport maritim (de mărfuri) ~ liner - cargou/navă de linie ~ loading distribution indicator - indicator al repartizării încărcăturii (în magaziile navei) ~ loading manifold - manifold de încărcare ~ movement - deplasare a caricului (în magazie) ~ owner - proprietar al mărfii ~ passage - voiaj al navei încărcate ~ performance - volum de mărfuri transportate; trafic de mărfari ~ plan - cargoplan ~ reception - recepţionare a mărfîi ~ reefer space - magazie frigorifică ~ sheet - fişă de pontaj (pentru marfa încarcată sau descărcată) ~ shift - deplasare a caricului (în magazie datoritâ stivuirii şi amarării incorecte) ~ shipping - transport maritim; flotă de transport ~ space - spaţiu de încărcare ~ sweat - sudaţie a mârfii ~ syndicate - sindicat al asigurătorilor decaric ~ tank - tanc de marfa (la petroliere) ~ ton - tonă de navlu/volum ~ tonnage - tonaj de încărcare ~ train - tren de marfa

~ turnover - trafic de mărfuri; cifră de afaceri ~ underwriter - asigurător al caricului ~ work - operare de mărfuri ~ - worthy clause - (asig. mar.) clauza navei apte de a transporta mârfuri carload s. (SUA) vagon (ca încărcătură) ~ lot - partidă vagonală de mărfuri carman s. 1. şofer, camionagiu 2. vatman carriage s. 1. transport, cărăuşie 2. cost al transportului 3. executare, aducere la îndeplinire; adoptare (a unei propuneri), votare (a unui proi'ect de lege) 4. administrare, conducere (a unei afaceri) ~ docume^its - documente de transport ~ expenses - cheltuieli de transport ~ forward - cu plata taxelor de transport la livrare/destinaţie ~ free - franco taxe de transport ~ paid - cu transportul plătit (pănă la punctul de livrare) ~ paid home - cu transportul plătit până la domiciliul beneficiamlui carrier s. 1. cărăuş, transportator 2. societate de transport ~ bag - pungă (de plastic sau hârtie folosită la cumpârături) ~ nation - stat cu marină comercială dezvoltată (care face transporturi pentru alte ţări) ~'s agent - agent al cărăuşului ~'s lien - drept de retenţie al cărăuşului ~'s risk - risc al cărăuşului ~'s statement - declaraţie a cărăuşului (privind starea mărfii)

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54 CAR-CAS carry v.t. 1. a transporta 2. a ţine, a avea de vânzare (despre un magazin) 3. a adopta (o propunere), a vota ('MH proiect de lege) 4. (forward, ovw) a reporta 5. (oft) a câştiga (unpremiu) 6. fon^ a conduce, a administra (o afacere); a continua (tratative, negocieri) 1. (out, through) a îndeplini, a realiza carry-forward v. carry-over carry-over s. (cont., bur.) report ~ day - zi de report cartage ^. 1. transport, cărăuşie (cu tracţiune animală) 2. camionaj 3. cost al transportului ~ contractor - antreprenor de trans-porturi ~ note - permis de scoatere a mărfu-rilor din vamă ~ port - port cu alimbare ~ service - camionaj cartel s. cartel cartelist s. 1. membm al unui cartel 2. adept al cartelării cartelization s. cartelare cartelize v.t. a cartela cascade s. cascadă ~ tax - impozit pe circulaţia mărfurilor (perceput în fiecare etapă a procesului de distribuţie) cascading s. cascading (strategie de marketing prin care o companie pâtrunde mai întâi pe un segment mic de piaţă, lansându-se apoi pe alte pieţe) case s. 1. cutie, ladă 2. proces, caz v.t. a ambala în lăzi/cutii ~ law - jurispmdenţă ~ study - (man.) studiu de caz

cash s. numerar, bani lichizi v.t. a încasa (un cec); a plăti în numerar ~ account - cont de casă ~ accounting - contabilitate financiară ~ advance - avans în numerar ~ against (shipping) documents - (mar.) plată în numerar pe baza documentelor de transport ~ - and-carry - (com.) cash-and-carry, plătit în numerar şi transportat de cumpărător ~ assets - active lichide - at bank - disponibil de numerar în bancă ~ balance - sold de casă - before delivery - plată în numerar înainte de livrare ~ bonus - (bur.) bonificaţie în numerar; (asig.) primâ în numerar ~ breakeven point - (fin.) prag de rentabilitate a numerarului (prag de rentabilitate obţinut când se scad elementele nemonetare - cele care nu reprezintă ieşire de numerar - din costurilefixe) ~ budget/forecast - buget de numerar (plan care prezintă fluxurile de numerar) ~ capital/shares - acţiuni emise pentru obţinerea de lichiditâţi ~ conversion cycle - ciclu de conversie a numeramlui (perioada dintre momentul în care o firmă achiziţionează materiiîe prime şi cel al vânzârii produselor finite) ~ credit - credit de casă/descoperit ~ crop - recoltă destinată vânzării (,şi nu consumului personal) ~ customer - client care plăteşte în numerar

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~ department - casierie - (- deposit) ratio - rata de lichiditate (raportul dintre rezerva monetarâ a unei bânci şi obligaţiile totale faţă de depozitele clienţilor) ~ desk - casâ ~ discount - rabat comercial pentm plata în numerar ~ dispenser - bancomat ~ dividends - dividende în numerar - down - plata la livrare ~ equivalent - echivalentul numera- mlui {investiţie pe termen scurt cu grad ridicat de lichiditate şi scadenţă iniţială sub trei luni) ~ flow/generation - flux de numerar (valoarea netă realâ de numerar, deosebitâ de profitul contabil, care intrâ sau iese dinfirmă într-o perioadă determinată) ~ m hand - bani în casâ - - in-transit policy - poliţâ de asigurare a banilor în tranzit (pentru sumele transportate între douâ bânci) ~ inflow - flux de intrare de numerar ~ issue - emisiune de acţiuni preferenţiale (destinate acţionarilor existenţi) ~ journal - registru de casâ ~ keeper - casier ~ management account - cont administrat (cont bancar investit pe piaţa financiară) ~ market - piaţă spot/cu plata în numerar ~ note - notă de plată ~ office - casâ, casierie ~ on delivery - (com.) platâ în numerar la livrare, livrare contra ramburs

- on delivery fee - taxâ de ramburs ~ order - (com.) ordin cu plata în numerar ~ outflow - flux de ieşire de numerar ~ paid/received book - registru de casâ ~ price - preţ cu plata în numerar ~ purchase - cumpârare cu plata în numerar ~ receipts journal - (cont.) jumalul încasârilor în numerar ~ register - (com.) casă de înregistrare ~ reserve - rezervă lichidă (disponibilâ pentru plasamente imediate) ~ sale - vânzare contra numerar ~ settlement - (bur.) lichidare în numerar ~ shorts and overs - plusuri şi minusuri de casâ ~ statement - (cont.) situaţie de casă ~ surrender (value) - valoare de râscumpârare (a unei poliţe de asigurare) ~ voucher - bon de casâ - with order - (com.) plată în numerar la comandă cashbook s. registru de conturi cashbox s. casetâ pentru bani cashier s. casier ~'s cheque - cec; tratâ bancarâ ~'s office - casierie cashomat s. (SUA) bancomat casing s. învelitoare; ambalaj - paper - hârtie de ambalaj cask s. butoi (folosit mai ales pentru bere şi vin, având diferite mâsuri) cast v.t. 1. (dr.) a condamna la plata despâgubirilor 2. (away) a arunca (încărcătura) în mare (în situaţii critice) 3. (up) a aduna, a totaliza

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56 CAS-CEN casting adj. decisiv ~ vote - vot decisiv (al preşedintelui unei adunări, cănd numârul voturilor pro şi contra este egal) casual adj. ocazional, temporar 5'. persoană angajată temporar ~ labour - mână de lucru ocazionalâ/ sezonieră ~ leave - învoire ~ profit - profit ocazional ~ vacancy - post liber temporar casualty s. (asig.) accident ~ insurance - asigurare împotriva accidentelor ~ loss - daună cauzată de accident catalog v. catalogue catalogue s. catalog; listă (de preţuri, produse etc.) v.t. a cataloga ~ buying - cumpărare pe bazâ de catalog ~ price - preţ de catalog - store - magazin cu vânzare pe bază de catalog cataloguer s. catalogator cataloguist v. cataloguer catchcrop s. cultură altemativă/in-tercalată catchpenny adj. ieftin s. marfă ieftinâ catchphrase s. slogan (publicitar) catchy adj. captivant, atrăgător ~ adverstisement - reclamă atrăgă-toare category s. categorie, clasă cater v.i. a fumiza alimente şi servicii caterer s. fumizor de alimente şi servicii cattle s. vite; bovine ~ breeding - creştere a vitelor ~ dealer - negustor de vite ~ food - nutreţ pentru vite

~ lease - arendă de vite ! ~ market - târg de vite ~ traffic/transport - transport de animale vii cattleship s. navă pentm transportul animalelor vii cattletruck s. camion sau vagon- platfonnă pentru transportul animalelor vii cause s. 1. cauză, motiv 2. caz, proces v.t. a cauza, a pricinui ~ beyond control - fortă majoră ~ list - listă de procese, rol caution s. 1. prevedere, precauţie 2. avertisment (dat unui lucrător) v.t. a avertiza ~ money - garanţie (sumâ cerută ca avans pentru datorii sau daune posibile ori pentru îndeplînirea obligaţiilor contractuale) cease s. încetare, oprire, sistare v.t. a înceta, a opri, a sista v.i. a se opri ~ clause - clauză de sistare to ~ payments - a opri plăţile; a da faliment ceiling s. plafon, nivel maxim, limită superioară ~ price - preţ maxim cellar ^. pivniţă; cramă cellarage 5. 1. păstrare/depozitare în pivniţe 2, plată pentru depozitare în pivniţe census s. recensământ central adj. central ~ bank - bancă centrală/naţională - business district - centru comer-cial/de afaceri Central European Time - Ora Europei Centrale - planning - planificare centralizată

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CEN-CER 57 centralism s. centralism centralization s. centralizare (procesul de concentrare a autoritâţii la centrul organizafiei respective) centre s. centru (comercial, financiar etc.) cereal s. cereale adj. cerealier, de cereale - carrier - cerealier, navă/cargou pentru transportul cerealelor ~ crops - graminee, cultură de cereale certificate s. 1. certificat; adeverinţă; atestat 2. certificat de actiuni v.î. 1. a certifica; a atesta 2. a elibera un certificat ~ of acceptance - certificat/proces- -verbal de recepţie (a unei lucrări) ~ of airworthiness - certificat de navigabilitate (a unui avion) ~ of analysis - certificat de analiză (a unuiprodus) ~ of classification - certificat de clasă (al navei) ~ of clearance - certificat de navigabilitate (pentru navele de pasageri) ~ ofdamage - (asig. mar.) certificat de avarie ~ of delivery - dovadă de livrare (a mărfii) ~ of deposit - certificat de depozit ~ of enrollment - (SUA) certificat de înregistrare (pentru navele de cabotaj şipescuit mai mari de 20 tone-registrU) ~ of existence - certificat de existenţă (certificat eliberat de un fond de pensii care atestă ca beneficiarul stipulat în certificat este în viaţâ) • ~ of guarantee/warranty - certificat de garanţie

~ of health/pratique - certificat/ patentă de sănătate ~ of incorporation - certificat de înregistrare (a unei societâţi comer- ciale) ~ of inscription - certificat de înregistrare (a acţiunilor nominale) ~ of insurance - certificat de asigurare ~ of inward clearance - (mar.) permis vamal de descărcare ~ of manufacture/origin - certificat de origine (a mârfurilor'de export) ~ of misfortune - certificat de accident/ghinion (acordat de instanţă unui falit prin care se certifică faptul că falimentul nu a fost cauzat de proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un accident) ~ of quality - certificat de calitate ~ of registration/registry - certificat de naţionalitate (al navei) ~ of seaworthiness - (mar.) certificat de navigabilitate ~ of shares - certificat de acţiuni ~ of survey - certificat de expertiză ~ of transfer - (bur.) certificat de transfer (de acţiuni) ~ of weight - certificat de greutate (a mărfii) certified adj. atestat; autorizat; verificat ~ accountant - contabil atestat/ autorizat ~ bankrupt - falit cu certificat de accident/ghinion (acordat de instanţă, care certificâ faptul căfalimentul nu a fost cauzat de proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un accident) ~ cheque - cec acceptat/vizat (de bancâ)

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CER-CHA ~ copy - copie legalizată ~ financial statement - situaţie financiară certificată de un contabil autorizat ~ invoice - factură legalizată ~ mail - (SUA) scrisoare recomandată ~ management accountant - (SUA) contabil managerial atestat (care hicrează în sectorul afacerilor) - public accountant - (SUA) contabil public atestat/autorizat ~ transfer - (bur.) transfer (de acţiuni) autorizat certify v.t. a certifica; a atesta cess s. impozit cessation s. încetare, oprire, sistare cesser s. (dr.) încetare (a unei râspunderi) cession s. cesiune, cesionare cessionary s. cesionar chafe s. (asig.) frecare; uzură/daune prin frecarea mărfurilor (în timpul transportului) chain s. 1. reţea; sistem 2. lanţ (de masurări topografice) ~ company - societate cu sucursale multiple ~ of command - (man.) conducere ierarhică ~ of distribution - (com.) linie/canal de distribuţie ~ of endorsements - şir de andosări ~ store - magazin m reţea chairman ^. preşedinte (al unei adunâri) ~ of the board of directors - preşe- dinte al consiliului de administraţie ~'s report - raport al preşedintelui (despre activitatea anualâ a compa- niei)

chairmanship s. preşedinţie chaldron s. chaldron (unitate de capacitate) chamber s. 1. cameră 2. pl. birouri: I cabinet al judecătorului - of commerce - cameră de comert ~ of commerce and industry - camerâ de comerţ şi industrie - of shipping - camerâ de navigaţie - of trade - camera comerciantilor champerty s. (dr.) vânzare a unui proces (înţelegere ilegală cu partea litigantâ prin care ofertantul suportâ cheltuielile de judecată şi, în caz de câştig, primeşte o parte din suma disputată) chancellor s. cancelar Chancellor of the Exchequer -. (Anglia) ministru de finanţe chancellorship s. funcţia sau demnitatea de cancelar chandler s. 1. lumânărar, fabricant de lumînări 2. negustor, comerciant change s. 1. schimbare 2. mărunţiş, bani mămnţi; rest 3. schimb v.t. a schimba (bani) v.i. a se schimba, a se modifica channel s. 1. canal (natural)-, pasă de navigaţie; şenal 2. canal, cale, mijloc; sursă ~ captain - şef de reţea (cel mai puternic membru al unei reţele de distribuţie) ~ conflict - conflict de reţea (apărut între membrii unei reţele de distribuţie) ~ of distribution - canal de distribuţie (prin care produsul finit ajunge la consumatorul final) to go through official ~s - a merge pe cale ierarhică

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CHA 59

chapel s. atelier de tipografie; asociaţie a muncitorilor tipografi charge s. 1. încărcătură 2. însărcinare, răspundere; misiune 3. preţ; cheltuieli, speze 4. sarcină; titlu de gaj 5. (cont.) debit 6. acuzatie (în dreptul penal) 7. discurs al judecătorului (adresat juraţilor) v.t. 1. a încărca 2. a însărcina 3. a cere, a fixa (un preţ); a taxa 4. lcont.) a debita 5. a sfâtui, a îndemna (despre un judecător care se adresează jurafilor) 6. (\v\th) a acuza (de) v.i. 1. a cere plata 2. a trece în cont - account - (SUA) cont în credit - hand - ajutor de maistru ~ s account - cont de cheltuieli ~ s forward - expedierea/transportul în contul destinatarului ~ s included - inclusiv cheltuielile ~ s on assets - sarcini pe active ~ s prepaid - expedierea/transportul în contul expeditorului chargeable adj. impozabil - gain - profit impozabil chart s. 1. hartă marină 2. diagramă, grafic v.t. 1. a trece/a reprezenta pe hartă 2. a face graficul ~ of accounts - (cont.) tabloul conturilor (din cartea mare) charter s. 1. decret; cartă; lege; drept, privilegiu 2. (mar.) navlosire; contract de navlosire v.t. 1. a decreta; a acorda (un drept sau privilegiu) 2. (mar.) a navlosi, a afreta; a închiria (un avion, o maşină) ~ by demise - contract de închiriere a navei nude (fără echipaj şi materiale) ~ commission - comision de navlosire ~ freight - navlu contractual

~ market - piaţa navlosirilor şi a închirierilor ~ member - membru fondator (al unei organizaţii) ~ money - navlu, preţ al transportului pe mare ~ party - contract de navlosire ~ plane - avion charter ~ rate - tarif de navlu ~ tonnage - tonaj navlosit charterage s. 1. navlosire, afretare; închiriere (a unui avion, a unei maşini) 1. cost al navlosirii/închirierii chartered adj. 1. confirmat, statuat (printr-un decret); privilegiat; autorizat 2. navlosit, afretat; închiriat (despre un avion, o maşină) ~ accountant - expert contabil ~ company - societate înfiinţată prin decret regal ~ contractor - subarmator ~ freight - navlu contractual ~ owner - navlositor principal - ship/vessel - navă navlosită charterer s. (mar.) navlositor ~'s agent - agent al navlositorului ~'s freight - navlu contractual chartering s. navlosire, afretare; închiriere ~ agent/broker - agent/curtier de navlosire ~ business - afaceri de navlosire - by demise - navlosire a navei nude (fărâ echipaj şi materiale) ~ market - piaţa navlosirilor şi a închirierilor - order - ordin de navlosire ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) de navlosire

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60 CHA-CHI chartist s. analist al pieţei bursiere (care întocmeşte grafice, tabele) charwoman s. femeie cu ziua, servitoare chattel s. 1. bun mobiliar 2. acareturi ~ mortgage - ipotecă mobiliară ~ mortgage bond - (SUA) obligaţiune ipotecară mobiliarâ ~ s personal - bunuri mobiliare - s real - bunuri imobiliare cheap adj. 1. ieftin 2. devalorizat, cu putere redusă de cumpărare (despre o monedă) adv. ieftin, la preţ convenabil ~ labour - forţă de muncă ieftină ~ money - credit ieftin/avantajos (cu dobândă scăzută) ~ quality - calitate inferioară ~ ticket - bilet cu preţ redus cheapness s. ieftinătate check s. 1. control, verificare 2. ştampilă de control; viză; bifare 3. chitanţă (la depunerea bagajelor); număr (la garderobâ)', contramarcă, cotor 4. (SUA) cec adj. de control/verificare v.t. 1. (şi ~ up) a controla, a verifica 2. (off) a reţine (cotizaţii sindicale) din salariu v.i. 1. ('m) a se înregistra (la hotel); a se prezenta (la aeroport, la serviciu) 2. (outJ a pleca (de la hotel etc. achitând nota de plată); a face verificări; a încasa un cec (la bancă) 3. fup on) a controla, a face verificări 4. fwith^ a corespunde ~ list - listă de control; borderou de cecuri ~ register - (cont.) registru de cecuri ~ sample - mostră de control, probă- -martor checkbook s. (SUA) camet de cecuri

checking s. 1. control, verificare 2. înregistrare ~ account - (SUA) cont curent checkoff s. reţinere din salariu (pentru sindicat) checkout s. 1. oră de plecare (de la hotel) 2. control, verificare 3. calcul şi plată la casă (într-un magazin) checkroom s. garderobă, vestiar checkup s. control, verificare cheque .v. cec ~ account - cont curent ~ book - camet de cecuri ~ cashing machine - terminal de decontare a cecurilor ~ clearing - compensare a cecurilor ~ crossed generally - cu barare generală ~ crossed specially - cu barare specială ~ form - formular de cec ~ rate - curs al cecului (în tranzacfiile cu devize) ~ signer - persoană cu semnătură autorizată pe cec ~ to bearer - cec la purtător ~ to order - cec la ordin chief^. şefadj. principal ~ clerk - şef de birou ~ contractor - antreprenor general ~ debtor - debitor principal ~ designer - proiectant-şef ~ engineer - inginer-şef ~ executive offîcer - (SUA) director executiv ~ mate/offîcer - ofiţer secund, ofiţer maritim întâi (de navă comercialâ) ~ operating offîcer - (SUA) director operativ

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~ ship surveyor - inspector-şef de registru (naval) child s. copil ~ allowance - reducere a impozitului pe venit pentru susţinătorii de copii ~ benefit - alocaţie pentru copil ~ labour - muncă a copiilor, folosire a copiilor în activităţi productive Chinese adj. chinezesc ~ auction - licitaţie chinezească (licîtaţie la care se coboarâ preţul pânâ se gâseşte un cumpârâtor) ~ walls - ziduri chinezeşti (bariere interne pe care instituţiile financiare le instaleazâ între diferite departamente pentru a evita transferul ilegal de informaţii şi apariţia conflictelor de interese) choice s. 1. alegere, selecţie 2. asortiment adj. ales, selecţionat; superior ~ brand - marcă superioară/de calitate circular adj. circular s. circulară ~ flow - flux circular (transferul continuu, în ambele sensuri, de plăţi şi încasâri între consumatori şi producători) ~ letter - circulară ~ letter of credit - scrisoare de credit circulară ~ ticket - bilet în circuit ~ tour - călătorie în circuit circularize v.t. a trimite circulare circulate v.t. a pune în circulaţie (bani etc.)', a răspândi, a difuza v.i. a circula; a avea răspândire circulating adj. circulant ~ assets - active circulante/curente ~ capital - capital circulant/de lucru

~ medium - mijloc de plată/schimb; unitate monetară circulation s. 1. circulaţie (monetard, de mărfurî) 1. răspândire, difuzare; tiraj ~ and readership - tiraj şi grad de citire citizen s. cetăţean citizenship s. cetăţenie city s. oraş ~ article - articol/rubrică economic(ă) (în ziar) ~ council - consiliu municipal ~ edition - ediţi^ de dimineaţă (a unui cotidian pentru dîstribuţia locală) ~ editor - redactor economic (al unui ziar); (SUA) redactor responsabil cu reportajele locale ~ hall - primărie ~ planning - urbanism civil adj. civil ~ case - proces civil ~ code - cod civil ~ commotion - (asig.) mişcare civilă (care provoacă daune) ~ court - tribunal civil ~ embargo - embargou civil ~ engineer - inginer constructor ~ engineering - constmcţii civile ~ law - drept civil ~ list - listă civilă (alocaţii bugetare pentru întreţinerea familiei regale) ~ rights - drepturi civile ~ servant - funcţionar public/de stat ~ service - administraţie de stat/ publică ~ status - stare civilă ~ year - an civil/calendaristic claim s. (asig.) 1. cerere (de despăgubire) 1. (dr.) cerere

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CVA-CLE (îndreptâţitâ); drept (de a solicita ceva) 3. concesiune (minieră) v.t. a cere, a pretinde, a revendica ~ for damages - (asig.) cerere de despăgubire/daune ~ in return - (dr.) cerere reconventională ~ -jumper - persoană care preia ilegal un teren ~ release and discharge - (asig.) act de lichidare a cererii/daunelor ~ s adjuster - agent de onorare a cererilor de despăgubire (în baza poliţelor de asigurare) ~ s and liabilities - creanţe şi angaja-mente ~ s book - registru de reclamatii to jump a ~ - a prelua ilegal un teren to make/to put in a ~ for damages - a cere/a pretinde despăgubiri to meet a ~ - a contesta o actiune în revendicare to raise ~ s - a formula pretenţii claimable adj. exigibil, revendicabil claimant s. solicitant; reclamant claimer v. clairnant class s. 1. clasă, categorie 2. clasă socială v.t. a clasifica, a clasa •- action - acţionare în judecată m numele unui grup de persoane cu interese comune ~ struggle/warfare - luptă de clasă classical adj. clasic ~ economics - economie clasică ~ unemployment - şomaj clasic classification s. clasificare ~ certificate - certificat de clasă (a navei) ~ of ships - clasificare a navelor

~ society - societate de clasificare, registru naval/maritim ~ surveyor - inspector de registru/clasificare classified adj. clasificat ~ advertisement - mica publicitate ~ common stock - (SUA) acţiuni cu sau fâră drept de vot ~ document - document oficial secret ~ telephone directory - pagini naţionale (anuar) classify v.t. a clasifica clause s. clauză, articol, prevedere, stipulaţie (în contract) claused adj. cu clauze ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament cu rezerve/menţiuni clean adj. curat, fară rezerve/menţiuni ~ 'acceptance - accept (cambie) curat/ fară rezerve/menţiuni ~ bill of exchange - cambie curată/fară rezerve/menţiuni ~ bill of health - patentă de sănătate curată/fară rezerve/menţiuni ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament curat/fară rezeve/menţiuni ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură de „produse albe"; marfă curată ~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire curat/fară rezerve/menţiuni ~ credit - credit deschis/fără garanţie (fără documente însoţitoare pentru o cambie trasâ asupra nnei bâncf) ~ receipt - recipisâ de livrare netă ~ ship - navâ curată (după carantină); petrolier de „produse albe" ~ tonnage - tonaj curat (la petroliere) clear adj. 1. curat; liber 2. net s. spaţiu liber v.t. 1. a lichida (o navâ) în vamâ 2. a lichida, a solda (mârfuri) 3. a

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compensa (un cec printr-o casă de compensaţie) 4. a realiza un beneficiu net de 5. a plăti (o datorie) 6. a defrişa (un teren) v.i. a face formalităţile (vamale) de sosire sau plecare (despre o navă) - days - zile libere (fârâ prima şi ultima zi a perioadei contractuale) ~ estate - proprietate neipotecată ~ of debts - fâră datorii ~ profit - profit net ~ tare - greutate reală a tarei clearance s. 1. (mar.) lichidare în vamă 2. lichidare, soldare (de mărfuri) ~ agent - agent de lichidare în vamă ~ certifîcate - certificat de lichidare în vamă ~ iirwards - lichidare în vamâ \a sosire ~ outwars - lichidare în vamă la plecare ~ papers - documente de lichidare în vamă ~ sale - lichidare a soldurilor, soldare clearing s. 1. (fin.) cliring, compensaţie 2. (mar.) lichidare în vamă 3. defrişare ~ account - cont de cliring ~ agent - agent de lichidare în vamă ~ agreement - acord de cliring ~ bank - bancă de cliring ~ house - casă de compensaţie, ofîciu de cliring ~ - out sale - lichidare a soldurilor, soldare ~ system - sistem de cliring ~ transactions - tranzacţii în cliring clerical adj. de birou ~ error - greşeală de copiere ~ staff- personal de birou ~ work - muncă de birou

clerk s. 1. fimcţionar (de birou) 2. (SUA) vânzător ~ of the court - grefier ~ (of the court)'s offîce - grefa ~ of (the) works - şefde şantier client s. client ~ account - (cont.) cont al clientului clientage v. clientele clientele s. clientelă ~ effect - (fin.) efect de clientelă (atragerea unui anumit tip de investitori în funcţie de politica de dividende) clinch v.t. a încheia (o afacere) cloakroom s. 1. garderobă 2. casă de bagaje clone s. clonă (produs identic cu altul) close adj. L închis 2. slrâns, apropiat s. încheiere, sfârşit v.t. 1. a închide; a încheia 2. (down) a înceta (activiîatea); a reprima, a lua măsuri represive împotriva 3. (out) a lichida, a solda (mărfuri) v.i. fwith^ a accepta (o ofertâ), a încheia (o afacere) ~ company - societate închisă (controlată de cinci sau mai puţini acţionari) ~ price - (bur.) preţ strâns (cînd între preţul cerut şi cel oferit este o diferenţă mică) ~ substitute - înlocuitor apropiat (al produsului autentic) closed adj. închis ~ company - societate închisă (conlro- lată de cinci sau mai puţini acţionari) ~ economy - economie închisă/ autarhică ~ - end fund - fond mutual închis (care emite un numâr limitat de

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64 CLO-COA acţiuni, tranzacţionate prin bursâ, pe care nu le mai răscumpârâ) ~ market - piaţă închisă ~ sea - mare închisă/interioară ~ shop - întreprindere închisă (care nu angajează muncitori nesindicalizaţi) ~ union - sindicat închis (care acceptă în condiţii restrictive noi membri) ~ - up fund - fond mutual închis (care nu mai emite acţhmi, ci le răscumpără pe cele deja vândute) closedown s. încetare a activităţii; întrerupere a lucrului (ca unnare a închiderii întreprinderii) closely adv. strâns, închis ~ held corporation - (SUA) corporaţie îuchisă (deţinută de un număr mic de persoane) closeout s. lichidare, soldare (de mărfuri) closing s. închidere; încheiere, sfârşit ~ bid - ultimul preţ oferit (la licitaţie), ultima licitare ~ date - termen final ~ declaration - declaraţie vamală finală ~ - down sale - lichidare a stocului înaintea închiderii (unei întreprinderi) - entry - (cont.) articol de închidere ~ price - preţ la închiderea bursei, ultimul curs ~ stock - (conî.) stoc la inventariere ~ time - (com.) oră de închidere cluster s. gmp ~ analysis - analiză de grup ftehnicâ de analizâ statistică prin intermediul căreia o mostrâ este încadrată într-o serie de grupuri cu anumite trăsături comune) ~ sample - eşantion concentrat

coal s. cărbune v.i. a face plinul de cărbuni, a bunchera (despre o navă) ~ basin/field - bazin carbonifer, zăcământ de cărbuni ~ mine/pit - mină de cărbuni - ship - navă de cărbuni, carbonier coaler s. navă sau tren pentru transportul cărbunilor coast s. coastă, litoral v.i. a naviga de-a lungul coastei coastal adj. costier, de coastă; de cabotaj ~ fleet - flotă de cabotaj - freight - mărfuri de cabotaj; navlu pentru măriuri de cabotaj ~ hovercraft - navă de coastă pe pemă deaer ~ line - linie de cabotaj ~ ship/vessel - navă de cabotaj, cabotier ~ shipping - cabotaj; transport de cabotaj; nave de cabotaj ~ tonnage - tonaj de cabotaj - trade - comerţ de cabotaj ~ traftîc - cabotaj, trafic maritim costier ~ waters - ape costiere coaster s. navă de cabotaj, cabotier coasting s. navigaţie costieră, cabotaj - barge - şlep maritim costier ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură de cabotaj ~ certificate - certificat de cabotaj - fishery - pescuit costier ~ ship/vessel - navă de cabotaj, cabotier ~ trade - comert de cabotaj - voyage - voiaj de cabotaj coastwise adj. costier, de cabotaj adv. de-a lungul coastei

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COA-COL 65 ~ fleet - flotă de cabotaj ~ freighter - cargou de cabotaj ~ sea lane - drum maritim costier, linie de cabotaj - ship/vessel - navă de cabotaj, cabotier ~ shipping - cabotaj; transport de cabotaj; nave de cabotaj - trade - comerţ de cabotaj ~ voyage - voiaj de cabotaj code s. l. cod, corp de legi 2. cod; cifru; sistem de semnalizare ~ s of conduct - coduri de conduită (seturi de reguli pentru comporta- mentul din diferite profesiuni) coefficient s. coeficient, indice, factor coemption s. acaparare a mărfii (în vederea controlării preţurilor) coffer-y. seif coin s. monedă v.t., v.i. a bate (monedâ) ~ and bullion - (fin.) rezerve metalice în monede şi lingouri ~ circulation - circulaţie monetarâ/a monedelor ~ of legal fîneness - monedă cu titlu legal coinage s. 1. fabricare/batere de monede 2. sistem monetar coiner s. falsificator de bani coinsurance s. coasigurare cold adj. rece s. frig ~ carrier - agent frigorific ~ room - cameră frigorifică ~ storage - conservare prin frig - storage trade - industria frigului ~ store - antrepozit frigorific collapse s. colaps; faliment v.i. a intra în colaps; a da faliment

collateral adj. colateral, secundar, auxihar s. garanţie colaterală, colateral (pentru un împrumut) ~ acceptance - accept/cambie de garanţie colaterală (pentru un împrumut) ~ loan - împrumut cu garanţie colaterală ~ note - (fin.) bilet la ordin de garanţie colaterală ~ security - garanţie colaterală (pentru un împrumut) ~ trust bond - (SUA) obligaţiune cu garanţie colaterală detinută de un depozitar collect v.t. 1. a strânge, a colecta (impozite, taxe) 1. a colecţiona adj. cu taxă inversă (despre o convorbire telefonică) collection s. 1. strângere, colectare (a impozitelor, a taxelor); încasare 2. colectă, chetă 3. colecjie ~ advice - aviz de încasare ~ and delivery - serviciu de ridicare şi livrare la domiciliu - department - serviciu de încasări ~ of payments - incaso ~ of samples - colecţie de mostre ~ on delivery - cu ramburs ~ order - dispoziţie de încasare - pattern - model al încasării debitorilor collective adj. colectiv ~ agreement - acord colectiv ~ bargaining - negociere a contractului colectiv de muncă ~ contract - contract colectiv ~ farm - gospodărie agricolă colectivă ~ farmer - colectivist - housing unit - imobil cu locuinţe

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66 COL-COM ~ labour agreement - convenţie colectivă de muncă ~ ownership - proprietate colectivă ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare colectivă collectivism s. colectivism collectivize v.t. a colectiviza collector s. 1. agent fiscal, perceptor; încasator 2. colectionar ~ of customs - vameş ~ of taxes - agent fiscal collier s. 1. miner (din minele de cărbuni) 2. navă de cărbuni, carbonier colliery s. mină de cărbuni collision s. coliziune, ciocnire; (mar.) abordaj ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza aborda- jului ~ damage - avarie de abordaj ~ risk - risc de abordaj collusion s. coluziune, conivenţă (cooperare între firme independente pentru a influenţa concurenţa) collusive adj. stabilit prin coluziune ~ oligopoly - oligopol instituit prin coluziune ~ tendering - oferte stabilite prin coluziune (care simulează o falsă concurenţă) colonial adj. colonial ~ market - piaţă colonială ~ trade - comert colonial colonialism s. colonialism colony s. colonie column s. 1. (cont.) coloană 2. rubrică, articol (de ziar) columnar adj. cu coloane ~ cash book - registru de casă cu coloane combative adj. combativ

~ advertising - publicitate combativă/ persuasivă combination s. 1. uniune, asociaţie 2. fuzionare; absorbţie, preluare (a unei societăţi de o alta mai mare) combined adj. combinat ~ carrier - vrachier combinat (mine- reu - petrol sau cărbune - minereu şi minereu - marfă în vrac —petrol) ~ oil-bulk-ore - navă combinată tip OBO (pentru petrol — marfâ în vrac — - minereu) come v.i. 1. a veni; a ajunge 2. (do\vn) a se ieftini; a fi în criză/jenă fmanciara; a-i merge rău afacerile 3. (in) a intra într-o funcţie, a ocupa un post 4. (into) a intra în (vigoare, posesie etc.) 5. (mt) a apărea, a fi publicat (despre cârţi, ziare); a intra în grevă 6. (to) a se ridica la, a se cifra la comfort s. sprijin, recomandare ~ letter - scrisoare de recomandare (pentru înlesnirea unui împrumut) command s. comandă, ordin v.t. 1. a comanda, a ordona 2. a aduce (un câştig; despre o marfâ) 3. a dispune de (bani, resurse etc.) ~ economy - economie centralizată/ planificată commerce s. comerţ commercial adj. comercial s. 1. re- clamă, anunţ publicitar (la radio şi televiziune) 2. pl. acţiuni ale societă- ţilor cu profil comercial - agency - agenţie comercialâ ~ assets - active comerciale/de exploatare ~ agent - agent/reprezentant comercial ~ attache/counsellor - ataşat comer- cial

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)M 67 aviation - aviaţie civilă bank - bancă comercială bill - cambie comercială

car/vehicle - vehicul comercial/ alitar, utilitară cause - litigiu comercial code - cod comercial

correspondence - corespondenţă Mnercială court - tribunal comercial credit - credit comercial credit company - societate de credit Mnercial custom/usage - uzanţă comercială

directory - anuar al societătilor xnerciale dock - doc comercial fleet - flotă comercială geography - geografie comercială grade - calitate comercială harbour/port - port comercial house - casă de comerţ invoice - factură comercială hw - drept comercial tetter of credit - scrisoare de credit nmercial •load - încărcătură comercială lanager - director comercial ;Barine - marină comercială •lonopoly - monopol comercial •yaper - efect de comert fprecint - (SUA) zonă/spaţiu comer-

cial(ă) risk - risc comercial school - şcoală comercială Services - servicii comerciale set - (mar.) set de documente comerciale •ship/vessel - navă comercială

~ shipping - flotă comercială; comert maritim ~ speed - viteză comercială ~ traffîc - trafic comercial - traveller - comis-voiajor ~ treaty - tratat comercial ~ value - valoare comercială/la preţul pieţei comercialism s. 1. spirit comercial, mercantilism 2. practică/uzanţă comer- cială 3. expresie folosită în limbajul comercial commercialize v.t. a comercializa commission s. 1. comisie 2. împu- temicire, delegare; mandat, delegaţie 3. comision 4. armare (a unei nave) v.t. 1. a împutemici, a delega, a mandata; a numi într-o funcţie 2. a arma (o navâ) ~ agent - comisionar ~ broker - (SUA) agent de bursă ~ contract - contract de comision ~ house - casă/firmâ de brokeri ~ merchant - comerciant comisionar ~ past us - comision pentru terti ~ sale - vânzare pe bază de comision to carry out a ~ - a îndeplini un mandat to do ~ business - a face afaceri pe bazâ de comision to put a ship out of ~ - a scoate o navă din exploatare to sell on ~ - a vinde pe bază de comision commissionaire s. curier, comisionar comipissioner s. 1. membru al unei comisii (guvemamentale, parlamen- tare) 2. comisar; delegat, împutemicit ~ s of inland revenue - fisc committee s. comitet, comisie ~ of management - comitet de direcţie

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68 COM ~ of supply - (SUA) comisie financiară ~ of ways and means - (SUA) comisie bugetarâ commodity s. marfâ, produs, bun (de larg consum) ~ agreements - acorduri privind schimbul de mărfuri ~ broker - broker la bursa de mărfuri ~ capital - capital-marfâ ~ circulation - circulaţie a mărfurilor ~ dollar - dolar-marfă ~ exchange - bursă de mărfuri - futures - operaţii la termen cu mărfuri ~ market - piaţă de mărfuri (mai ales de alimente şi materii prime) ~ money - monedă-marfâ ~ paper - (SUA) documente comer- ciale pentru schimbul de mârfuri (instrumente negociabile ţinute drept garanţie pentru împrumuturile desti- nate finanţării importurilor) ~ production - producţie de mărfuri ~ rates - (mar.) navlu diferenţiat (pentru mârfuri care se transportă regulat în cantităţi mari) ~ standard - (fîn.) etalon-marfâ common adj. 1. comun; general 2. obştesc, public s. drept de folosinţă comună/obştească (a pământului, a păşunilor); pământ/păşune comun(ă) ~ adventure - (asig. mar.) risc comun (atâtpentru navâ, cât şi pentru caric) ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie particulară ~ business oriented language - limbaj de programare orientat pe probleme economice ~ carrier - cărâuş comun

~ cost - (cont.) cost comun (atribuibil mai multor produse etc.) ~ customs tariff - tarif vamal comun (în CEE) ~ external tariff - taxă vamală comunitară (aplicatâ de o piaţâ comunitară sau o uniune vamală) -labour - fortă de muncă necalificată - law - drept cutumiar Common Market - Piaţa Comună ~ ownership - proprietate socială/ob- ştească - prices system - sistem de preţuri comune ~ pricing - stabilire de preţuri comune (pentru a evita concurenţa); oferte comune (stabilite pentru coluziune, simulând ofalsâ concurenţâ) ~ seal - ştampilă a firmei ~ shares/stock - acţiuni comune ~ stock fund - fond mutual care administrează acţiuni comune commonage s. drept de folosinţă în comun (a pământului, a păşunilor); pământ/păşune comun(ă); devălmăşie commonwealth s. comunitate de naţiuni, federaţie de state Commonwealth of Nations -Comunitatea Britanică de Naţiuni Commonwealth preference - facilităţi vamale pentm statele-membre ale Comunităţii Britanice de Naţiuni communal adj. 1. comun, obştesc, colectiv; comunal 2. comunitar ~ agricultural organization - coope-rativă agricolă communication s. 1. comunicare, transmitere; informaţie, mesaj; legătură 2. pl. telecomunicaţii 3. pl. căi de comunicaţie (căiferate, şosele etc.)

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COM 69 - activity - trafic de informaţii, tele-comunicaţii ~ line - linie de telecomunicaţii ~ service - telecomunicaţii ~ strategy - strategie comunicaţională (metode prin care comercianţii realizează comunicarea cu pieţele lor) ~ way - cale de comunicaţie communism s. comunism community s. 1. comunitate 2. comu-nitate, posesiune în comun ~ chest - (SUA) fonduri de binefacere ~ investment - investiţie comunitară/ obştească ~ of interest - comunitate de interese commutation s. 1. înlocuire (a unui tip deplată cu altul) 1. (SUA) navetâ ~ ticket - (SUA) abonament (la tren, autobu?.) company s. societate, companie ~ car - maşină de serviciu ~ director - membru al consiliului de administraţie ~ equity - capital propriu (al unei societâţî) ~ formation - constituire/înfiinţare a unei societăţi ~ law - legislatia societăţilor comerciale ~ meeting - adunarea acţionarilor ~ officer - funcţionar din conducerea unei societăţi ~ promoter - fondator al unei societăţi ~ reserves - rezerve ale societâţii (constituite din profit) ~ seal - ştampilă a firmei ~ store - magazin al unei întreprinderi (pentru angajaţii acesteia) ~'s risk - risc al cărâuşului

~ town - oraş dependent de o întreprindere (pentru locuri de muncă, furnizare de câldurâ etc.) ~ union - sindicat pe societate; sindicat controlat de patronat comparative adj. comparativ ~ advantage - avantaj comparativ (principiu care consideră că o ţară sau o regiune ar trebui sâ se specializeze în producţia şi exportul acelor bunuri pentru care eficienţa este relativ crescută, în comparaţie cu alte bunuri şi servicii) ~ advertising - publicitate compara-tivă ~ economics - economie comparată ~ statistics - statistică comparată compassionate adj. plin de compasiune, compătimitor - leave - învoire/concediu (scurt) pentru motive personale compensate v.î. 1. a compensa 2. a despăgubi compesation s. compensaţie; despă-gubire ~ deal - tranzacţie în compensaţie ~ fund - (bur.) fond de compensare ~ stocks - acţiuni de compensare (acţiuni ale statului oferite în compen-saţie acţionarilor de la unele societaţi naţîonalizate) ~ trade - comert în compensaţie compensatory adj. compensator, compensatoriu ~ damages - daune compensatorii ~ fînance - finanţare a deficitului bugetar ~ tariff reductions - reduceri de compensaţie ale taxelor vamale

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70 compete v.i. a concura, a fi în concurenţă competence s. 1. competenţă, price- pere, calificare 2. (dr.) competenţă 3. situatie materialâ bună competition s. concurenţă ~ policy - politicâ concurenţialâ (impusâ de guvern pentru a combate monopolurile) to face ~ - a face faţâ concurenţei competitive adj. competitiv, concu- rential ~ advantage - avantaj competitiv (ideea conform căreia punctele forte şi slabe ale unei societăţi se pot determina numai prin comparaţie cu concurenţa) ~ balance - echilibrul concurenţial (într-un sector industrial) ~ bidding - licitaţie competitivă ~ demand - cerere concurenţială (situaţie în care două sau mai multe produse concurează pentru satisfa- cerea cererii pieţei) - examination - concurs, examen prin concurs (pentru ocuparea unui post vacant) ~ market - piaţâ concurenţială ~ need - nevoie de bunuri competitive ~ pricing - stabilire a preţurilor prin concurenţă ~ situation - situaţie concurenţială - strategy - strategie de luptâ împotriva concurenţei - supply - ofertâ concurenţială (situaţie în care mijloacele de pro-ducţie sunt limitate, iar producătorii a două sau mai multe mârfuri concurează pentru utilizarea lor) competitiveness s. competitivitate

competitor s. concurent ~ analysis - analizâ a concurenţei (de cătrefirmele rivale) complaint s. reclamaţie ~ book - registm de reclamaţii ~ section - serviciu de reclamaţii complementary adj. complementar ~ demand - cerere complementara (cerere de două produse care se folosesc împreună) ~ supply - ofertă complementară (ofertă de două sau mai multe produse care sunt rezultatul aceluiaşi proces de produc-ţie) complete adj. complet; total v.î. a încheia, a termina , ~ breakdown - scoatere completă/ definitivă din funcţiune ~ disability - invaliditate totală ~ markets - (fin.) pieţe complete (portofolii care cuprind orice tip doril de căştigurî) completely adv. complet, în întregime ~ built up - complet asamblat (despre utilaje care, la vdm.are, sunt gata de folosinţă imediată) ~ knocked down - complet dezasam- blat (despre utilaje livrate deza- samblate) compliance s. conformitate, acord, consimţământ, aprobare ~ examination - inspectare/verificare a respectării legislaţiei în vigoare comply v.i. (with) a se conforma (cerinţelor, regulilor etc.); a consimţi să/la, a-şi da consimţământul la composite adj. compozit, compus; mixt, combinat s. combinaţie, amestec; pl. date compuse (care grupează

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informaţii din mai multe sectoare, domeniî) ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură mixt(ă) ~ demand - cerere combinată/ alternativă (cerere de produse ori factori deproducţie interşanjabili) ~ supply - ofertă combinată (ofertă a unui produs care provine din două sau mai multe surse ori metode de fabricaţie; ofertă de două sau mai multe produse care satisfac acelaşi tip de cerere, fiind înlocuitori apropiaţi unul pentru celălalt) ~ train - tren mixt (de călători şi marfă) composition s. 1. compoziţie; stmctură alcâtuire 2. (dr.) convenţie, concordat (acord între un debitor şi creditorii sâi privitor la lichidarea datoriilor prin plata unei sume mai mici decât întreaga datorie angajată); sumă achitată (în baza unei asemenea înţelegeri) compound adj. compus, mixt s. compus v.î.l. a combina; a compune, a alcătui 2. a retrage (o acuzaţie în schimbul unei compensaţii materiale) 3. a achita partial (o datorie) v.i. a ajunge la un compromis (cu creditorii), a încheia un concordat ~ bonus - (asig.) primă compusă ~ entry - (cont.) articol recapitulativ ~ interest - dobândă compusă ~ tariff - tarif compus/mixt (combi- naţie între taxa ad valorem şi o taxă vamală specificâ) comprehensive adj. cuprinzător ~ offer - ofertă cuprinzătoare/ amănunţită ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare generală

comptroller v. controller compulsion s. constrângere compulsory adj. obligatoriu; fortat, silit, impus ~ acquisition/purchase/surrender - expropriere ~ licence - licenţă obligatorie (asupra unui brevet de invenţie) ~ sale - vânzare/executare silită (la licitaţie) ~ winding-up - lichidare judiciară compute v.t., v.i. a calcula; a evalua, a estima computer s. calculator, computer - - aided/- assisted manufacture -fabricare asistată de calculator ~ - aided/- assisted trading - (bur.) tranzactii asistate de calculator computerize v.t. a computeriza concealment s. ascundere, disimulare (a activelor de catre un falit, a adevărului de câtre un asigurat etc.) concentrated adj. concentrat - segmentation - segmentare concen- trată, marketing al nişelor de piaţă (identificarea şi exploatarea unui segment îngust de piaţâ) concentration s. concentrare (proces prin care sectoarele industriale sunt tot mai putemic dominate de câteva firme mari) ~ account - cont de concentrare (cont de depozit în care se virează periodic sume de bani) ~ bank - bancă de concentrare (a fondurilor din alte bâncî) ~ of industry - concentrare a industriei (concentrarea unor sectoare indus- triale în anumite zone în funcţie de

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sursele de materii prime, profilul pieţelor etc.) ~ ratio - rată de concentrare (care arată procentul în care un sector industrial este dominat de câteva mari societăţi sau mâsura concurenţei pe pieţele bancare) concept s. concept, idee ~ testing - (com.) testare a conceptului concern s. 1. legătură, relaţie 2. interes, participare (într-o afacere) 3. concem; întreprindere, societate concession s. 1. concesie 2. concesiune concessionaire s. concesionar concessionary adj., s. concesionar conciliation s. conciliere, arbitraj ~ board - consiliu de arbitraj conciliator 5'. arbitru, mediator conclude v.î. 1. a termina, a sfârşi 2. a încheia (o afacere); a semna (un contract) 3. a conchide, a deduce conclusion s. 1. terminare, sfârşti 2. încheiere (a unei afaceri); semnare (a unui contract) 3. concluzie; decizie fmală condition s. 1. condiţie 2. stare, situaţie 3. poziţie socială 4. clauză, prevedere, stipulatie (a unei convenţii) v.t. 1. a condiţiona 2. a prevedea, a stipula v.i.a pune condiţii, a stipula o condiţie ~ of cargo - stare a caricului/ încărcăturii - of contents unknown - starea conţinutului necunoscută (despre o marfâ ambalată) ~ of the market - situaţie pe piaţă, conjunctură ~ precedent - (dr.) condiţie suspensivă

~ subsequent - (dr.) condiţi^ rezolutorie ~ s agreed upon - condiţii convenite ~ s of contract - condiţii contractuale ~ s of membership - conditii di adeziune ~ s of sale - condiţii de vânzare (îi contractele de vânzare de mărfuri) conditional adj. conditional ^ ~ acceptance - (com.) acceptai^ conditionalâ (a unei oferte de cătri cumpărător dacâ primeşte unelt facilităţi) '• ~ bond - obligaţiune condiţională/du- blă ~ endorsement - andosare condiţio nală ~ sale - vânzare condiţională conduct s. conducere, dirijare; administrare v.t. a conduce, a dirija; l administra ~ money - (dr.) cheltuieli de deplasan (pentru un martor) conductor s. 1. director; administrato) 2. taxator; conductor 3. ghid, însoţitor conference s. 1. conferinţă; congres convenţie 2. cartel maritim ~ call - conferinţă telefonică ~ carrier - cărăuş asociat (la un cartd maritim) ~ rates - navluri de linie ~ ship/vessel - navâ de cartel maritim ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) d( cartel maritim confidential adj. confidenţial ~ clerk - funcţionar de încredere - report - raport confidenţial confidentiality x. confidenţialitate ~ clause - clauza confidenţialitâţi (într-un contract de angajare)

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CON 73 confirm v.t. 1. a confirma; a atesta, a adeveri 2. a ratifica, a valida confîrmed adj. 1. confirmat; atestat, adeverit 2. ratificat, validat ~ irrevocable credit - (com.) credit irevocabil confirmat ~ letter of credit - acreditiv confirmat confiscate v.t. a confisca; a sechestra conflict s. conflict; contradiţie; incompatibilitate v.i. a fi în conflict/ contradictie, a fi incompatibil - of interests - conflict de interese ~ of laws - conflict de legi, contradictie între legi congeneric adj. congener ~ merger - fuziune congeneră (între firme din aceeaşi industrie în care partenerii de fuziune nu sunt nici clienţii, nici furnizorii uneia dintre ele) conglomerate s. conglomerat ~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune- -conglomerat (între societăţi din industrii diferite) congress s. congres conjoint adj. asociat, combinat ~ analysis - analiză asociată (tehnicâ de lucru utilizatâ în dezvoltarea noilor produse) conscience s. conştiinţă ~ money - bani de conştiinţă (sumă trimisă anonim de cineva pentru plata unor impozite de la care iniţial s-a eschivat) consecutive adj. consecutiv, succesiv ~ days - zile consecutive/curgătoare finclusiv duminicile şi sărbătorile legale) ~ voyage charter party - contract de navlosire pe voiaje consecutive consensual adj. consensual

~ contract - contract consensual ~ obligation - obligaţie consensualâ consequential adj. care decurge/ rezultă ~ damages - daune indirecte (oferite drept compensaţie pentru. nerespec- tarea obligaţiilor contractuale) ~ loss policy - poliţă de asigurare indirectă a pierderii, poliţă de asigurare împotriva întreruperii afacerii (cauzatâ de un accident major) conservative adj. 1. conservator 2. pru- dent; moderat - accounting - contabilitate pmdentă ~ estimate - evaluare pmdentă ~ investment - investiţ-ie cu risc scăzut conservator s. 1. custode, paznic 2. lichidator (numit de instanţă pentru a închide ofirmăfalită) 3. tutore consideration s. 1. consideraţie, stimă 2. considerare, studiere; considerent, motiv 3. remuneraţie, plată; compen- saţie 4. (dr.) contraprestaţie ~ for sale - preţ de vânzare consign v.t. 1. a preda, a remite; a expedia (mărfuri); a trimite (mârfuri) m consignaţie 2. a încredinţa, a consemna 3. a depune (o sumă) consignee s. consignatar, destinatar, primitor (al mărfii) ~ 's risk - pe riscul destinatarului consigner v. consignor consignment s. 1. lot/încărcătură expediat(ă); partidă de mărfuri 2. expediere (de marfa) în consignaţie ~ account - (cont.) cont de consignaţie ~ invoice - factură de consignaţie ~ note - fraht, scrisoare de trăsură ~ warehouse - antrepozit de consig- naţie

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consignor s. consignator, expeditor (al mărfii) consolidate v.t. 1. a consolida, a unifica (societăţi); a aborda în grup (o societate-mamâ cu filialele ei în scopuri contabile) 2. a consolida (dato- ria publică) consolidated adj. consolidat -accounts - conturi consolidate - annuities/stock - titluri de rentă consolidată ~ balance sheet - bilanţ consolidat (bilanţzil unui grup, întocmit prin unificarea bilanţurilor tuturor filialelor componente) - financial statpments - (cont.) situaţii financiare consolidate consolidation ^. 1. fuziune, unificare (a unor societăţi); consolidare, abordare în grup (a unei societăţi- -mamă cu filialele ei în scopuri contabile) 2. consolidare (a datoriei publice) 3. (dr.) consolidare (stingere a unui drept de uzufruct prin întrunirea, în aceeaşi persoanâ, a calităţii de uzufructuar şi de nud proprietar) consols s. pl. titluri de rentă conso- lidată consortium s. consortiu ~ agreement - acord de consorţiu ~ bank - bancă de consortiu conspicuous adj. ostentativ, vădit ~ consumption - consum ostentativ (nemotivat de necesităţi, slimulat de dorinţa confirmării unei poziţii sociale superioare) constant adj. constant; stabil ~ capital - capital constant - cost - cost constant/fix

~ prices - preţuri stabile construction s. 1. construire; construo| ţie, clădire 2. interpretare (a unei legi) ~ industry - industria construcţiilor ~ management - amenajare de şantied ~ of ships - construcţii navale ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare a navei î construcţie ~ site - şantier de construcţie ~ time - termen de execuţie (a une^ lucrâri de construcţie) constructive adj. 1. constructiv 2 dedus, prezumat, estimat ~ possession - (dr.) posesie cu titk legal 1- total loss - (asig. mar.) pierdert totală prezumată/interpretată ' ~ trust - (dr.) tutelă prezumatS implicită consuetudinary adj. consuetudinar, cutumiar ~ law - drept consuetudinar/cutumiar consuls. consul ~ general - consul general consulage s. taxe consulare consular adj. consular ~ agent - agent consular ~ certification - legalizare consulară ~ declaration - declaraţie consularâ ~ fees - taxe consulare - invoice - factură consularâ - jurisdiction - jurisdicţie consulară ~ office - consulat ~ passenger - pasager repatriat (prif consulat) ~ visa - viză consulară consulate adj. consulat ~ general - consulat general

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CON 75 consultant s. consultant; specialist, expert; consilier consultative adj. consultativ ~ vote - vot consultativ consulting adj. consultant - engineer - inginer consultant consumable adj., s. consumabil consume v.t. a consuma consumer s. consumator - acceptance - acceptare (a unui produs) de consumatori ~ behaviour - comportament al consumatorului ~ credit - credit de consum (acordat pentru cumpărarea de bunuri' de consum şi servicii) ~ demand - cerere a consumatorilor ~ durables - bunuri de folosinţă îndelungată ~ finance company - societate pentru acordarea de credite consumatorilor/ persoanelor fizice - goods - bunuri de consum ~ loyalty - loialitate a consumatorului ffaţâ de o marca) ~ non-durables - produse de folosinţă imediată - preference - preferinţă a consumatorilor ~ price index - indice de preţ al consumatorului (wdicele preţurilor cu afnănuntul) ~ profile - profil al consumatorilor ~ protection - protecţie a consuma- torilor ~ research - cercetare a preferinţelor consumatorilor ~ resistance - rezistenţă/pasivitate a consumatorilor

~ strike - grevă a consumatorilor, boicotare (a unui produs) de către consumatori ~ 's sovereignty - suveranitate a con- sumatorilor (alocarea resurselor într-o economie îiberă în funcţie de prefe- rinţele consumatorilor) ~ 's surplus - surplus al consuma- torului/cumpărătorului (diferenţa dintre preţuî pe care cumpărătorul intenţio- neazâ sâ-l ofere pentru un anumit produs şi preţul pe care îl plăteşte în realitate) consumerism s. consumerism consumption s. consum ~ curve - curba consumului ~ function - functia consumului ~ goods - bunuri de consum ~ habits - obiceiuri ale consuma- torilor/în materie de consum ~ rate - normă de consum ~ tax - impozit pe consum - unit - unitate de consum container s. container ~ capacity - capacitate în continuare (a unei nave portcontainere) ~ carrier/ship/vessel - cargou-con- tainer, navă portcontainere ~ cell - celulă de container (pe navele portcontainere) - dimensions - dimensiuni (standard) de container ~ storage - depozitare în containere containerizable adj. containerizabil ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură containe- rizabil(ă) containerization s. containerizare containerize v.t. a containeriza, a introduce (mârfuri) în containere

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contamination s. (asig. mar.) conta- minare (a caricului, în special cu apă de mare) contango s. (bur.) contango, report (la bursa de valori, amânarea achitării unei datorii, prin plaîa unei dobânz.i, pânâ la urmâtoarea lichidare; la bursa de mărfuri, diferenţa dintre preţul spot şi preţul forward saufutures) ~ day - zi de contango contemptuous adj. dispreţuitor ~ damages - daune neînsemnate/nule (decise de instanţâ) contention s. 1. disputâ, litigiu 2. concurenţă, rivalitate contentious adj. litigios continental adj. continental - cover - acoperire continentală (asigurare auto britanică oferitâ per- soanelor care se deplasează pe continentul european) ~ port - port continental ~ shelf - platou continental contingency s. 1. eventualitate, posibilitate; caz neprevăzut, accident 2. cheltuială neprevăzută ~ account/fund/reserve - (cont.) fond de prevedere contingent adj. eventual, posibil; neprevăzut, accidental; condiţionat ~ annuity - anuitate aleatorie (a unei poliţe de asigurare de viaţă, a cărei plată este condiţionată de producerea unui eveniment) -assets - active eventuale ~ beneficiary - beneficiar condiţionat {beneficiar ale cărui interese sunt condiţionate de producerea unui eveniment) ~ expenses - cheltuieli neprevăzute

~ interest - (dr.) drept de proprietd condiţionat ~ liabilities - (cont.) pasiv condiţiofl eventual I continuation s. 1. continuari prelungire 2. (hur.) contango ~ account - (bur.) report i - clause - (asig.) clauza prelungiri continuării 1~ day - zi de contango continue v.t. 1. a continua, a prelun( 2. (dr.) a amâna 3. (bur.) a reporta continuous adj. continuu, permanent ~ audit - audit permanent ~ customary dispatch - (moa celeritate uzuală fârâ întrempere ~ employment - angajare contint (perioadâ de funcţionare neîntrerupt la o firma, folositâ pentru calculan unor beneficii) ~ (flow) production - producţie m fli continuu ~ improvement - (man.) îmbunătăţii continuă ~ inventory/stocktaking - invent continuu/permanent ~ markets - pieţe continue (pie^ financiare care permit ca operaţiile i fie execuîaîe oricând în decursul un zile de tranzacţionare) contra prep. contra s. 1. (cont.) contr cont 2. (com.) barter 3. (fin.) parten (intr-o tranzacţie cu titluri de valoare, contraband s. contrabandă; mărfuri ( contrabandă adj.de contrabandă ~ control - control vamal împotrr contrabandei; combatere a contraba dei - goods - mărfuri de contrabandă ~ of war - contrabandă de război

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CON 77 ~ trade - comert de contrabandă contrabandist s. contrabandist contract s. contract v.t. 1. aîncheia (un contract) 2. a contracta (o obligaţie, un împrumut etc.); a face (datorii) 3. a reduce, a restrânge (cheltuieli) v.i. a încheia un contract - bond - scrisoare de garanţie bancară de bună executare a contractului - by deed/under seal - contract sub sigiliu privat ~ carrier ~ cărăuş, transportator ~ date - datâ contractuală ~ department - raion cu vânzare angro (la un mare ma.gaz.in) ~ for a work - antreprizâ ~ freight - (mar.) navlu contractual ~ horizon - durată de execuţie/derulare a unui contract ~ labour - mână de lucru angajată pe termen lung ~ law - drept contractual ~ lien - dreptul contractual de retenţie ~ note - (bur.) borderou (de cumpă- rare sau vânzare de acţiuni) ~ of agency - contract de agen- ţie/comision ~ penalty - penalizare contractuală ~ price - preţ contractual ~ service - serviciu contractual ~ speed - viteză contractuală ~ supplies - livrări contractuale - value - valoare contractuală ~ work - lucrare în antrepriză contraction s. 1. contractare, încheiere pe bază de contract 2. contractare (a unei obligaţii, a unui împrumut etc.) 3. reducere, restrângere (a cheltuielilor)

contractor s. contractant, parte contractantă; antreprenor; fumizor contractual adj. contractual ~ obligations - obligaţii contractuale ~ rent - chirie contractuală contrarian s. (SUA) contrarian (persoană care urmează o strategie contrară unor opţiuni logice) contravener s. contravenient contravention s. contravenţie contribution s. 1. contribuţie 2. impozit, taxă ~ margin - (fîn.) maijă de contribuţie (contribuţia la costurile fixe sau venitul rămas după plata costuriîorfixe) ~ to general average - (asig. mar.) contribuţie la avaria comună contributOK. 1. contribuabil 2. colabo- rator (la o revistâ, un ziar) contributory adj. contributiv, contri- butoriu; cotizant s. acţionar; acţionar care contribuie la plata datoriilor (în caz de lichidare a societăţii) ~ insurance - asigurări sociale din fonduri salariale ~ mortgage - ipotecă contri- butivă/colectivă (ipotecâ datâ unui singur creditor, alcătuită prin contri- buţiile mai multor persoane) ~ negligence - (dr.) neglijenţă cul- pabilă ~ pension scheme - plan de pensii contributiv control s. 1. control (financiar, vamal etc.) 2. reglementare 3. control (exercitat de acţionarul sau grupul de acţionari care deţine mai mult de 50% din acţiunile unei societâţi) v.t. 1. a controla, a verifica 2. a reglementa 3. a dirija (moneda, piaţa etc.)

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78 CON-Cfl ~ account - (cont.) cont de control/rectific are ~ stamp - marcă de control ~ snrvey - expertiză contradictorie controller s'. controlor; revizor; inspector conurbation s. conurbaţie convene v.t. a aduna, a reuni; a convoca (o adunare) v.i. a se aduna, a se întruni convenience s. înlesnire, utilitate, comoditate ~ goods - alimente pentru consum rapid, fast foods (alimente special ambalate şi preparate pentru a fi consumate imediat) ~ store - magazin de cartier (care se adresează clientelei dintr-o anumită zonă şi are program prelungit) conversion s. 1. (fin.) conversie, conversiune (schimbarea condiţiilor unui împrumut; emiterea de noi titluri pentru a înlocui alte titluri) 1. (dr.) apropriere, uzurpare ~ cost - cost de producţie (manoperă şi cheltuieli indirecte) ~ loan - împrumut de conversiune ~ price - preţ de conversie (preţul efectiv plătit pentru acţiunile comune atunci când sunt obţinute prin conversia acţiunilor preferenţiale sau a obligaţiunilor convertibile) ~ privilege - (asig.) privilegiu de conversie (dreptul unui individ, asigu- rat în grup, sâ încheie o asigurare individuală când asigurarea colectivâ expiră) ~ rate/ratio - rată/raport de conversie (numărul de acţiuni comune care poate fi obţinut prin conversia unei acţiuni

preferenţiale sau a unei obligaţi^ convertibile) ~ table - tabel de transformări {pevA unităţi de mâsurâ aparţinând un sisteme diferite) convert v.î. 1. a transforma 2. (fin.} converti, a schimba 3. (dr.) & apropria, a uzurpa convertibility s. (fin.) convertibilitate convertible adj. convertibil ~ bond - obligaţiune convertih (care, la scadenţă, poate fi schimba cu alte titluri în loc să fie plătită) ~ currency - monedă convertibilă ~ loan stock/securities - titluri i valoare convertibile (obligaţiuni & acţiuni preferenţiale care pot schimbate, la opţiunea titularului, acţiuni comune ale societâţii emitentt convey v.t. 1. a transporta 2. {dr.) transmite (o proprietate) conveyance x. 1. transport; transporta 2. mijloc de transport, vehicul 3 (d transfer (al unei proprietăţi)', act transfer conveyancer s. avocat (care pregâte^ actele în vederea unui transfer proprietate) conveyer v.conveyor conveyor s. conveier, bandă transp< toare coomb s. coomb (unitate de cap citate) cooperate v.t. a coopera, a colabora cooperation s. 1. cooperare, colabon 2. cooperatie cooperative adj. 1. comun, de. colaborare 2. cooperatist s. cooperatii ~ advertising - publicitate comu (colaborarea mai multorfirme pentn reduce cheltuielile în acest sector)

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COO-COR '9 - bank - cooperativă de credit - farm - cooperativă agricolă de pro-ducţie - marketing - marketing comun (al unui grup de producâtori care colaborează pentru lansarea mărfu- rilor lorpepiaţă) ~ shop/store - cooperativă de consum ~ society - societate cooperatistă, cooperativă ~ system - sistem cooperatist, cooperaţie coownership s. coproprietate ~ of industry - acordare de actiuni angajatilor (la societatea în care lucrează) copartner s. coasociat, copartener copartnership s. asociaţie ~ of industry - acordare de acţiuni angajaţilor (la societatea în care lucrează) copper s. 1. cupm, aramă; monedâ de aramă 2. pl. acţiuni ale unei societăţi de exploatare a cuprului ~ - bottomed - sigur, solid, cu acoperire (din punct de vedere financiar) copy s. copie; exemplar v.t., v.i. a copia ~ paper - hârtie indigo/carbon copybook s. registru sau dosar conţinând copii de acte/documente copyright s. drept de autor (pentru operele literare, muzicale, artistice) adj. protejat de drepturile de autor, cu dreptul de publicatie rezervat v.t. a-şi rezerva drepturile de autor pentru (o carte, un disc etc.) ~ reserved - toate drepturile rezervate copywriter s. redactor (de reclame, anunţuri)

core î. interior, miez, inimă ~ activity/business - activitate principală/de bază ~ competence - (man.) competenţă de bază (a unei societăţi) ~ equity - capital propriu esenţial (al unei societăţî) ~ workers - (man.) muncitori esenţiali (cu sarcini şi responsabilitâţi deosebite) corkage ^. taxă pentru băuturile înfundate (servite în restaurant) corn s. 1. cereale, grâne 2. (SUA) porumb ~ and dry measure - măsură de capacitate pentm cereale şi mărfuri pulverulente ~ chandler - comerciant de cereale (cu amănuntul) ~ dealer - cerealist, comerciant de cereale (cu ridicata) ~ exchange - bursă de cereale ~ market - piaţă de cereale ~ trade - comerţ cu cereale corner 5'. acaparare (de mărfuri, acţiuni pentru a exercita controlul asupra preţurilor); monopol, monopolizare v.t. a acapara, a monopoliza (mărfuri, acţiuni) v.i. a forma un monopol corporate adj. 1. corporativ; constituit, formând o corporaţie 2. corporatist ~ body - organ constituit, persoană juridică ~ campaign - campanie organizaţio- nală (campanie publicitară menită sâ cultive imaginea unei companii în ansamblu) ~ culture - (man.) cultură/sistem de valori a(l) corporaţiei, cultură organiza- ţională

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so_________________

~ customer - persoană juridică (client al unei băncî) ~ identity - (man.) identitatea corporaţiei ~ image - (man.) imaginea corporatiei ~ income tax - (SUA) impozit pe profitul societăţii ~ logo - logo(gramă) de corporaţie ~ name - nume social ~ planning - planificare corporativă ~ raider - (bur.) persoană fizică sau juridică ce încearcă să obţină controlul asupra unei societăţi (prin cumpărarea masivă şi bruscă de acţiuni) -risk - risc corporativ (la alocarea capitalului, acesta reflectă efectele unui proiect asupra riscului firmei, măsurat ca efect asupra variabilitâţii profitului finnei) ~ seal - ştapila firmei; sigla firmei ~ sector - sector corporativ/al corpo-ratiilor (în economie) ~ state - stat corporatist ~ strategy - strategie corporativă/a corporaţiei ~ town - muncipalitate ~ trustee - instituţie mandatată corporation s. 1. corporaţie, persoană juridică 2. (SUA) corporaţie (persoanâ juridică care funcţionează separat şi distinct de proprietarii şi managerii săi, avănd astfel avantajul unei existenţe nelimitate, transferabilitatea simplă a părţilor sociale şi răspundere limitatâ) 3. municipalitate ~ aggregate - (dr.) corporaţie colectivâ (cu mai mulţi membri) ~ sole - (dr.) corporaţie exclusivă (titular, cu personaîitate juridică, al uneia dintre anumite funcţii publice)

____________________COR-4

~ stock - obligaţiuni municipale - tax - impozit pe societate

corporatism s. corporatism corporator s. membru (fondator^ unei corporaţh corporeal adj. corporal ~ property - bunuri corporale correspondence s. 1. corespondq poştă 2. organizaţie-corespoiMJ (instituţie financiară care prestf servicii pentru altă organia financiară) ~ banking - sistem bancar cu activi corespondentă ~ clerk - funcţionar/secretar respoi bil cu corespondenţa ~ course - curs prin corespondenţă ~ department - serviciu de coresţ denţă correspondent s. 1. corespom (bancă ce acţionează ca agent penti altă bancă care nu are sucursale^ corespondent, reporter ~ bank — bancă - corespondent corruption s. corupţie cost s. 1. cost; preţ de cost 2. cheltuieli de judecată; cheltuieli v. evalua, a fixa preţul v.i. a costa, a fa ~ accounting - contabilitatea costui ~ allocation - alocare a costui individuale (din costul total) ~ and freight - (mar.) cost şi navlu ~ - benefit analysis - analiză c -beneficiu ~ centre - centm de cost (um

căreia i se pot aloca nişte cos specifice)

~ efficiency - randament/reducere preţului de cost - estimate - deviz estimativ

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cos-cou 81

~, insurance, freight - cost, asigurare, navlu ~, insurance, freight and commission - cost, asigurare, navlu şi comision ~, insurance, freight and exchange - cost, asigurare, navlu şi diferenţă de curs de schimb ~, insurance, freight, commission and interest - cost, asigurare, navlu, comision şi dobândă ~ leader - lider de cost (firmă care deţinefaţâ de concurenţii ei un avantaj important în ceea cepriveşte costul) ~ of capital - cost al capitalului (media costurilor comportate de diversele tipuri de capital al unei companiî) ~ of credit - cost al creditului (dobândd) ~ of debt - cost al datoriilor (rata dobânzii noilor datorii emise) ~ of downtime - cost al timpului de întrempere a producţiei ~ of labour - cost al forţei de muncă ~ of living - cost al vieţii ~ - of-living bonus - spor (salarial) pentm corelarea veniturilor cu evoluţia indicelui costului vietii ~ - of-living index - indice al costului vieţii ~ of new common equity - cost al noilor acţiuni comune (rata rentabili- tăţu lafondurile obţinuteprin vânzarea de noi acţiuni comune) ~ of retained earnings - cost al profitului nerepartizat/acumulat (rata rentabilitâţii solicitate de acţionari pentru capitalurile proprii obţinute de firmă prin reţinerea şi reinvestirea profitului)

~ per thousand - cost la mie (metodă de calculare a cheltuielilor de publicitate pentru fiecare mie de cititori, ascultâtori etc.) ~ - plus method - metoda adăugării unei cote marginale fixe la preţul de cost ~ price - preţ de cost ~ (- push) inflation - inflatie provocată de creşterea preţurilor de cost ~ standards - nivel de cheltuieli prevăzute ~ structure - structură a costului ~ unit - unitate de cost coster v. costermonger costermonger s. negustor ambulant (de fructe, legume, peşte etc.) costing s. calcul/stabilire a(l) preţului de cost costliness s. scumpete, preţuri ridicate cottage s. casă ţârănească ~ industry - industrie artizanală cotton s. bumbac ~ bale - bal/balot de bumbac ~ futures - contracte futures cu bumbac ~ market - piaţa bumbacului ~ mill - fllatură de bumbac coulisse s. grup de brokeri neoficiali council s. consiliu ~ board - şedinţă de consiliu ~ estate - cartier de locuinţe aflat în administrarea autorităţilor locale ~ tax - iaapozit local councillor s. 1. membru al unui consiliu 2. consilier counsellor s. 1. consilier 2. avocat ~ - at-law - avocat

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j82________________________

counter s. 1. tejghea; ghişeu 2. contor (^e apă, electricitate etc.) adj. contrar, opus ~ advice - contraaviz ~ check - (SUA) cec/formular de retragere (de numerar din cont) counterbid s. contraofertă (la licitaţie) counterclaim (dr.) s. cerere recon- venţională v.i. a formula o cerere reconvenţională counterfeit adj. contrafâcut, fals s. contrafacere, falsificare; fals v.t. a contraface, a falsifica counterfeiter s. falsificator counterfoil s. cotor (de chitanţe, cecuri, bilete); contramarcă, talon, matcă counterman s. tejghetar; barman countermand s. contramandare v.t. a contramanda, a anula (o comandă, un ordin etc.) counteroffer s. contraofertâ counterpart s. copie, duplicat countersign s. contrasemnătură v.t. a contrasemna countersignature s. contrasemnăturâ countertrade s. (com.) contrapartidă countervail v.t. a compensa, a contracara country s. 1. ţarâ, stat 2. regiune, zonâ; provincie ~ limit - (fin.) limitâ de ţară (limita riscului de tara) ~ of destination - ţară de destinaţie (a mărfii) ~ of origin - ţarâ de origine (ă mârfii) ~ rating - rating de ţară ~ risk - (fin.) risc de ţară

cou-cq

coupon s. 1. cupon (ataşat unui titlu valoare la purtător) 2. bon, tichet fi cartelă) \ ~ bond - obligaţmne cu cupoane f< dobândă) ^ ~ rate - rata cuponului (rd specificatâ a dobânzii unei obîigaţiun ~ sheet - foaie de cupoane ; ~ stripping - desfiinţare a cuponul (transformarea unei obîigaţiu obişnuite într-una cu cupon zero) courier s. curier court s. curte, tribunal - of appeals - curte de apel ~ of arbitration - curte/tribunal ( arbitraj - of competent jurisdiction - tribun competent ~ ofjustice/law - tribunal - of original jurisdiction - tribunal i prima instanţă courtage s. curtaj, brokeraj covenant s. acord, contract; clauză unui contract v.t. a conveni (pf contract), a prevedea, a stipula covenanter s. parte contractantă cover s. 1. (fond de) acoperire/garanţ (pentru un împrumut, o tranzacţie eh 2. asigurare, acoperire (a unui risc) suplinire (a unui muncitor absent) \ 1. (bur., fin.) a acoperi, a garanta 2. asigura, a acoperi (un risc) 3. a relata comenta (ştiri, evenimente; desp ziarişti) ~ charge - cost suplimentar (penl tacâm la restaurant) - funds - fonduri de garanţie/acoperi ~ note - certificat provizoriu asigurare (cu valabilitate până emiterea poliţei de asigurare)

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COV-CRE 83 coverage s. 1. (bur„ fin.) acoperire, garanţie 2. asigurare, acoperire (a unui risc) 3. public, acoperire (procentul de consumatori ai unei pieţe-ţintă care au cel puţin o ocazie de a recepţiona un mesaj publicitar în timpul unei cwnpanii) 4. reportaje, comentarii (despre un eveniment) covered adj. acoperit, asigurat ~ bear - (bur.) speculant ă la baisse cu acoperire (care deţine suficiente acţiuni pentru a-şi îndeplini obligaţiile, nefiind obligat sa cumpere pe o piaţâ în creştere) ~ interest arbitrage - (fin.) arbitraj cu dobândă acoperitâ ~ option - (bur.) opţiune acoperită (contract de opţiune garantat cu acţiunile unui titlu de valoare suport) coverage s. 1. acoperire, asigurare; riscuri acoperite/asigurate 2. public (al unei staţii de radio sau televiziune); cititori, ascultători etc. (ai unor reclame) 3. reportaj, comentariu covering s. acoperire (tranzacţii de acoperire pe piaţa bursieră prin contracte la termen) ~ letter - scrisoare de însoţire craft s. 1. meşteşug, meserie 2. breaslă, corporatie 3. ambarcaţie; ambarcatii, nave 4. avion; avioane ~ clause - (mar.) clauză de alimbare ~ guild - breaslă, corporatie ~ labour - mână de IUCBLI calificată ~ union - sindicat al muncitori- lor/meseriaşilor din aceeaşi specialitate craftsman 5'. meseriaş, meşteşugar; artizan craftsmanship s. meşteşug, artă

cranage s. taxă de macara; drept de folosire a macaralelor (portuare) crane .y.macara; macara de chei sau bord crash 5-. crah, faliment crate s. crată (lădiţă/cutie din şipci) crating s. ambalare în crate crawling adj. care se mişcă încet ~ P®^ - (fif1-) crawling peg (rată de schimb prin care cursul de schimb al unei monede fluctuează într-o marjă restrânsă) creative adj. creator, inventiv ~ accounting - contabilitate creatoare credentials s. pl. scrisori de reco- mandare credit s. 1. credit; împrumut 2. reputaţie de solvabilitate 3. scrisoare de credit, acreditiv 4. (cont.) credit (coloană în partea dreaptă a fiecărui cont) v.t. 1. a credita, a împrumuta, a deschide un credit 2. (cont.) a credita, a înregistra în creditul unui cont ~ account - (com.) cont în credit - advice - aviz de creditare - agency/bureau - agenţie/birou de verificare a solvabilităţii (unui client sau a uneifinne) ~ balance - sold creditor ~ bank - bancă de credit ~ card - carte de credit - ceiling/limit - limită a creditului, plafon de creditare ~ clearing - compensare {interban- cara) a creditelor ~ control - control al creditelor ~ cooperative - cooperativă de credit - creation - creare de credite (in economie} ~ department - serviciu de credite

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84________________________

~ freeze/squeeze - îngheţare/blocare a creditelor ~ S^P ~ (com.) ecart de credit (formulă care desemneazâ conflictul dintre interesul vânzătorului de a-şi primi banii cât mai curând şi cel al cumpâ- rătorului de a plăti cât mai târziu) ~ history - evoluţie în timp a creditului ~ insurance - asigurare a creditelor ~ instrument - instrument financiar/de credit ~ insurance - asigurare a creditelor (de către creditor) ~ line - (SUA) limită de credit; notă care indică sursa unei ilustraţii (reproduse într-o carte) ~ losses - pierderi din credite neperformante ~ manager - manager de credit ~ market - piaţa creditelor ~ memorandum/note - bilet de credit (prin care clientul este înştiinţat de către un furnizor că acesta i-a creditat contul, specificându-se şi suma respectivâ) ~ offîcer - inspector de credite ~ on mortgage - credit ipotecar ~ on personal property - credit mobiliar ~ on real estate - credit imobiliar - period - perioadă de credit - rating/status/standing - evaluare a bonităţii/solvabilităţii ~ review - revizuire a creditelor (pentru stabilirea provizioanelor) ~ sale - vânzare pe credit ~ scoring - punctaj de bonitate - slip/voucher - borderou de plată ( la bancâ)

__________________CRE-CRI

~ standards - standarde de credit - structure - structură a creditului ~ terms - termeni (conîractuali) d| creditare - union - cooperativă de credit

creditor s. creditor ~ account - cont creditor ~ nation - ţară creditoare ~ position - (cont.) poziţie creditoare ~ s' meeting - adunarea creditorilor - s under commission of bankruptc? - creditori ai unui falit

~ s voluntary winding-up - lichidac voluntară a creditorilor creditworthiness s. bonitate, solvabili tate; reputaţie de solvabilitate creeping adj. lent ~ control/takeover - preluare lenta treptată a controlului (asupra uru societăţi) ~ inflation - inflaţie lentâ crew s. echipaj (de navă) ~ list - listâ de echipaj, rol de apel a navei ~'s customs declaration - declaraţi vamalâ a echipajului crisis s. criză ~ management - management de cria critical adj. critic ~ cargo - marfă pretenţioasă fî privinţa condiţiilor de transport) ~ path analysis - analiza drumuli critic (analiza etapelor pentr realizarea fiecărei activităfi succesh în vederea implementării întreg strategii) crop s. 1. recoltă 2. culturâ agricolă v. 1. a recolta 2. a cultiva v.i. a produc recoltă (despre pâmânt) ~ m rotation - solă

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CRO-CUR 85 - rotation/succession - asolament cross adj. încmcişat, combinat; reciproc v.t. a bara (un cec) ~ effects - efecte reciproce ~ exchange/rate - curs de schimb încmcişat (stabilîrea cursului dintre două valute prin raportare la o terţă monedă) ~ holding - deţinere reciprocă de acţiuni (de către două sau mai multe societăţi) ~ liabilities - (mar.) răspunderi/ obligaţii reciproce (ale armaîorilor în caz de (*oliziune) ~ offer - ofertâ încmcişatâ ~ selling - vânzare împerecheată (plasarea produselor complementare unele lăngă altele în magazin) ~ -sectional analysis - analiză în secţiune transversală (calculul ratelor financiare la doua momente diferite de timp) ~ subsidy - subvenţie încrucişată crossing s. barare (a unui cec) crown 5'. coroană (regalâ) ~ debt - creanţă regalâ ~ jewels defence - apărarea bijuteriilor coroanei (pîan de măsuri adoptat de o societate ameninţată cu preluarea controlului de către un investitor nedorit) ~ land - domeniu regal/al coroanei crude adj. brut, neprelucrat ~ naphtha/oil/petroleum - ţiţei, petrol brut ~ - oil carrier - petrolier (de ţiţei) ~ ore - minereu bmt ~ product - produs brut cruise s. croazierâ cubic adj. cubic, volumefric

~ capacity/content - capacitate volumetrică (a navelor comerciale) ~ contents - cubaj ~ displacement - deplasament volumetric ~ measure - unitate volumetrică ~ storage capacity - capacitate cubică de depozitare cumprep. (bur.)cu ~ all - cu toate beneficiile - capitalization - cu capitalizare ~ coupon - cu cupon ~ distribution - cu distribuire (de dividende etc.) ~ dividend - cu dividend ~ interest - cu dobândă ~ new/rights - cu drepturi (prefe- renţiale la o nouâ emisiune de acţiunî) cumulative adj. cumulativ ~ average residuals - (fîn.) valori reziduale medii cumulative (însumarea în timp a excedentului de rentabilitate al unei acţiuni sau al unui portofoliu) ~ dividends - dividende cumulative (wracteristică deprotectik a acţiunilor preferenţiale care impune ca toate dividendele resîante cuvenite acestei categorii de acţiuni să fie plâtite prioritar) ~ preference/preferred share - acţiune preferenţială cumulativă ~ voting - vot cumulativ (metodă de vot,care permite voturi multiple pentru un singur membru al unui consiliu de administraţie) curb s. (bur.) piaţâ neoficială v.t. a limita, a ţine sub control (inflaţia) ~ broker - broker neoficial - market - piaţă neoficială

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S6___________________________

currency s. 1. valută; devize; instru- ment de plată 2. circulaţie (monetarâ) 3. scadenţă (a unei cambii) ~ appreciation - apreciere a unei valute (în raport cu altele) ~ bill - cambie trasă în devize ~ bond - obligatiune plătibilă în moneda ţării în care a fost emisă; (SUA) obligaţiune plătibilă în devize ~ circulation - circulatie monetară ~ code - cod al valutei ~ deflation - deflaţie monetară ~ depreciation - depreciere a unei monede (în raport cu altele) ~ devaluation - devalorizare ~ notes - bancnote (emise între 1914- -1918 în Marea Britanie) ~ option - opţiune (de vânzare sau cumpârare) pentru devize ~ rate - rată de schimb ~ risk - risc al cursului de schimb (riscul de a înregistra pierderi cauzate defluctuaţia ratelor de schimb) ~ swap - swap cu devize ~ union - uniune monetară current adj. curent ~ account - cont curent - ~ assets - active curente/circulante ~ balance - sold curent al unui cont; sold al contului curent ~ capital - (SUA) capital curent/de lucru ~ cost - (cont.) cost curent ~ cost accounting - contabilitatea costurilor curente/de inflaţie ~ debt - datorie curentă ~ liabilities - pasive curente ~ money - monedă curentă ~ price - preţ curent

__________________CUR-CU

~ ratio - (fin.) rata lichidităţii curefl (raportul dintre pasivele curente a unei afaceri şi activeîe sale curente) ~ settlement - (bur.) lichidare curentă ~ year - an curent ~ yield - (fin.) randament curei (venitul unei obligaţiuni, egal i valoarea cuponului împărţit la preţ) curtail v.t. a reduce (cheltuieli) curve s. curbâ (a cererii) custody s. custodie ~ account - cont de custodie ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament d marfâ (în special bumbac) în custodie custom s. 1. uzanţă, convenţie 1 clientelă; vad 3. pl. vamă; taxe vamal adj. făcut pe comandă ~ - built/'make - fâcut pe comandă ~ of the port - uzanţâ a portului ~ of trade - uzanţă contractuală ~ s agency - agenţie vamală ~ s agent - agent de lichidare în vamâ ~ s and excise duties - taxe vamale 5 de regie ~ s area - zonă vamală ~ s authority - autoritate vamală ~ s bill of entry - buletin zilnic 2 mişcării navelor şia mărfurilor ~ s. bond - scrisoare de garanţi vamală (pentru plata taxelor vamale d import) ~ s broker - (SUA) agent de lichidar în vamâ ~ s classification - clasificare vamal (categoria din cadrul unui nomenclatc de taxe vamale în care este introdus u produs) ~ s clearance - formalităţi vamali lichidare în vamă

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CUS-CYC 87 - s debenture - certificat de restituire a taxelor vamale (plătite pentru mărfurile importate care au fost ulterior reexportate sau folosite la fabricarea mărfurilor de export) ~ s declaration/entry - declaraţie vamală ~ s drawback - restituire a taxelor vamale ~ s duty - taxă vamală '• ~ s examination/inspection - inspec- ţie/control vamal ~ s harmonization - armonizare a taxelor vamale (unifonnizarea nomen- clatoarelor şi a procedurilor vamale în ţârile care cooperează) ~ (s) house - vamă, punct vamal ~ s invoice - factură vamală ~ s nomenclature - nomenclatură va- mală ~ s offîce - birou de vamă ~ s offîcer - vameş ~ s permit - permis vamal ~ s regulations - regulament vamal ~ s seal - sigiliu vamal ~ s tare - tară vamală ~ s tariff - tarif vamal ~ s territory - jurisdicţie vamală ~ s union - uniune vamală

- s value - valoare în vamă ~ s warehouse - antrepozit vamal ~ s warrant - recipisă vamală ~ s waters - zonă maritimă specialâ ~ s wharf - chei vamal customable adj. supus taxelor vamale customary adj. uzual, obişnuit ~ delivery - livrare uzuală ~ law - drept cutumiar ~ (quick) dispatch - celeritate uzuală ~ tare - tară uzuală customer s. client; cumpărător; consu- mator ~ profîle - profil al clientelei ~ s' ledger - (cont.) registru de vânzări cut s. reducere, micşorare v.t. 1. a reduce, a micşora (preţuri, salarii etc.) 2. foff) a tăia, a întrerupe (alirnentarea cu apă, gaze etc.) ~ price/rate - preţ redus (drastic) ~ - price shop - magazin cu preţuri reduse cutthroat adj. dur, acerb ~ competition - concurenţă dură/ acerbă cycle s. ciclu cyclical adj. ciclic ~ fluctuations - fluctuaţii ciclice ~ unemployment - şomaj ciclic

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D daily adj. zilnic, cotidian adv. zilnic s. cotidian, ziar ~ consumption - consum zilnic ~ flow - prodsucţie zilnică (in flux continuu) ~ loans / money - împrumuturi pentru o zi ~ output / production - producţie zilnică ~ receipts / returns - încasâri zilnice, câştig pe zi ~ turnover - cifră de afaceri zilnică; volum de mărfuri operat zilnic dairy s. 1. lăptărie; fermă de vaci de lapte 2. magazin de produse lactate ~ cattle - vaci de lapte ~ farm - fermă de vaci de lapte ~ lunch - lactobar ~ products - produse lactate dairying s. industria laptelui dairyman s. lăptar; muncitor la o fermă de vaci de lapte damage s. 1. pagubâ, avarie, prejudiciu, daună 2. pl. (dr.) daune, despăgubiri v.î. 1. a avaria, a deteriora 2. a păgubi, a provoca pagube ~ by fire - pagubă prin incendiu ~ by handling - pagubă prin manipulare ~ by jettison - (mar.) pagubă prin aruncarea peste bord (a bunurilor navei) ~ certificate - certificat de avarie ~ chargeable to - avarie în sarcina ~ claim - cerere de daune/despăgubiri

~ done/incurred - pagubă produsă ocazionată ~ report - raport de avarie ~ suit - proces de daune ~ survey - expertiză de avarie ~ to persons - daună corporalâ ~ to property - daună materială ~ to the goods - avariere a mărfurilor ~s at large - daune / despăgubn necontractuale (stabilite de instanţă) to be liable for ~s - a fi pasibil d plata despăgubirilor damaged adj. avariat, deteriorat ~ cargo - caric / încărcătui deteriorat(ă) ~ goods - mărfuri avariate / deteriorah dandy s. (mar.) şalupă sau şlep o arbore ~ note - permis de mărfuri antrepc zitate; permis vamal danger s. pericol, risc ~ money - spor de periculozitate dangerous adj. periculos

cargo - caric / încârcătui periculo(a)s(â) ~ goods - mărfuri periculoase ~ oils - produse petroliere periculoas (cu temperatura de aprindere su +23°Q date s. 1. dată 2. termen, perioadi scadenţă v.t. 1. a data (o scrisoare etc 2. (back) a antedata v.i. a data ~ as postmark - data poştei ~ of arrival - data sosirii ~ of delivery - data livrării ~ of departure - data plecării

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89 DAT-DEA

~ of dispatch - data expedierii ~ of invoice - data facturării ~ of loading - data încărcării ~ of maturity - data scadenţei, scadenţă ~ of payment - data plăţii ~ of sailing - (war.) data plecării ~ of shipment - (mar.) data expedierii ~ stamp - ştampilă cu dată ~ stamping - marcare a termenului de valabilitate (pe produsele perisabile) dated adj. datat ~ securities - titluri de valoare (pbligaţiuni, cambii etc.) la termen dateless adj. nedatat daughter ^. fiică ~ company - societate-fiică (filială a unui holding) dawn s. început ~ raid - {bur.) raidul din zori, cumpărare la deschidere (cumpărare neanunţatâ a unui pachet mare de acţiuni în primele momente ale deschiderii bursei pentru a evita creşterea cursului acestord) day s. ziuă, zi; pl. zile consecutive / curgătoare ~ book - (cont.) jumal ~ labourer - zilier ~ of demurrage - (mar.) zi de contrastalii ~ of entry - zi de depunere a declaratiei vamale ~ of 24 running hours - zi de lucru de 24 de ore consecutive ~ off - zi liberă ~ orders - (bur.) ordine zilnice ~ plan - plan de activităţi zilnice ~ rate - sistem de salarizare cu ziua ~ shift - schimb / tură de zi

~s after sight - zile după prezentare (formulă pe o cambie) ~s of grace - zile / termen de graţie (pentru plata unei datorii scadente) ~ - to - day accomodation / loan - (bur.) împrumut pentru o zi / de pe o zi pe alta ~ - to - day option - (bur.} opţiune pentm o zi / de pe o zi pe alta ~ - to - day rate - dobândă la împrumutul pentru o zi / de pe o zi pe alta daywork s. lucru (plătit) cu ziua dead adj. mort, inactiv ~ account - cont inactiv ~ capital - capital inactiv / neproductiv ~ -end job - activitate fără perspectivă ~ freight - (mar.) navlu mort ~ load - încărcare prin greutate proprie/moartă; greutate proprie ~ loan - împrumut nerecuperabil ~ loss - pierdere netâ ~ market - piaţă inactivă ~ money - bani neinvestiţi ~ rent - chirie moartă (plâtitâ pentru concesionarea unei mine, indiferent dacă aceasta este în exploatare sau nu) ~ season - sezon mort ~ security - garanţie nulă (proprietate industrială ce nu poate servi drept garanţie bancară dacă nu este în exploatare) ~ time - timp mort deadweight s. greutate proprie (a unui vehicul), tară; (mar.) greutate moartă (care nu aduce navlu); capacitate deadweight / brută / totală {de transport a naveî) ~ capacity / all told - capacitate deadweight / bmtă / totală ~ cargo - mărfuri grele / deadweight

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90 DEA-I

~ cargo capacity - capacitate utilâ / netâ de încărcare ~ cargo tonnage - tonaj net ~ charter - navlosire la greutate ~ debt - datorie neproductivă (compo- nentă a datoriei publice cauzatâ mai ales de cheltuielile neproductive legate de râzboi) ~ loss - pierdere nerecuperabilă (manifestare a ineficienţei economice) ~ plan - plan de încârcare completă a navei ~ scale - diagramă / grafic de încărcare ~ ton - tonă deadweight deadline s. termen-limită / final deadstock s. 1. inventar mort (utilaje şi construcţii agricole) 2. (com.) stoc nevandabil deal s. 1. afacere; tranzacţie 2. (SUA) politică economică (specifică unei anumite administraţii) 3. ofertă speci- ală (in scop publicitar) 4. scândură / dulap de brad (cu dimensiuni standard) v.t. 1. a da, a distribui 2. (at) a cumpăra la, a fi clientul (unui magazin) 3. (between) a fi intermediar între 4. (in) a face comert cu 5. (together) a avea relaţii cu 6. (with) a face afaceri cu, a avea legături comerciale cu v.i. a face comert ~ on joint account - tranzacţie în participaţie ~ porter - docher cherestegiu dealer ,s. 1. comerciant, negustor; intermediar; detailist 2. (bur.) dealer ~ aids - material publicitar ~ buyer - telal ~'s brand - marca distribuitorului / de comert (nume de marcă atribuit unui produs de către un intermediar, de obicei un deîailist important)

dealings s.pl. 1. raporturi/relaţii coi ciale 2. tranzacţii/operaţii financiare ~ for a fall - (bur.) operaţii â la bais^ ~ for a rise - (bur.) operaţii â \ hausse \ ~ for cash - operaţii în numerar \ dear adj., adv. scump ~ money - credite cu dobânzi ridicato ~ money policy - politică de credite < dobânzi ridicate dearness s. scumpete, preţuri ridicatei ~ allowance - indemnizaţie pent creşteri de preţuri dearth s. 1. lipsă, penurie 2. scumpeu ~ of liquidity - lipsă de lichidităţi i death s. deces ~ benefît - (asig.) indemnizaţie < deces (plătitâ urmaşilor unui munciu decedat din cauw unui accidenî { munca} ~ duty / tax - impozit succesoral /1 moştenire ~ grant - ajutor de înmormântare ~ rate - rata mortalităţii debase v.t. 1. a devaloriza, a deprec 2. a falsifica (monede, metale etc.) debasement s. devalorizare, deprecia ~ of the coinage - depreciere monedei debenture s. 1. titlu de creanţâ; (5ÎZ obligaţiune generalâ / negaranta (instrument de îndatorare pe terrrh lung care nu este garantat de o ipot& asupra unor active) 2. certificat i restituire a taxelor vamale ~ bond - obligaţiune cu dobândă fixă debit (cont.) s. debit v.t. a debita ~ account - cont de activ (cu so debitor) ~ balance - sold debitor ~ card - carte de debit

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DEB-DEC 91 ~ column - coloana debitului ~ entry / item - articol debitor ~ note - notă de debitare ~ procedure - încasare directă ~ side - debit to enter / to carry / to put to the ~ of an account - a trece (o suma) în coloana de debit a unui cont debt s. datorie ~ buy back - răscumpărare a creanţelor (de către debitor) ~ capacity - (fin.) capacitate de îndatorare (vaîoarea maximâ a datoriei în structura capitaluluî) ~ ceiling / limit - plafon al datoriei ~ - collection / - recovery agency - agenţie de recuperare a datoriilor ~ collector - agent de recuperare a datoriiior ~ due - datorie exigibilă ~ equity ratio - (fin.) raportul datorie - - capital propriu ~ equity swap - (fin.) swap de datorii contra capitalul propriu ~ management - managementul / gestiunea datoriilor ~ of honour - datorie de onoare ~ of old standing - datorie veche ~ ratio - (fin.) rata de îndatorare (totalul datoriilor împârţit la totalul activelor unei societăţî} ~ service - serviciul datoriei to be out of ~ - a nu mai avea datorii to get out of ~ - a se achita de datorii to run into ~ - a face datorii debtee A'. creditor debtless adj. fară datorii debtor s. 1. debitor, datomic 2. pl. conturi active ~ account - cont de activ (cu sold debitor)

~ age analysis - analiza vechimii debitorilor ~ in default - debitor în incapacitate de plată decade s. deceniu; decadă decartelization 5. desfiinţare a unui cartel decartelize v.t. a desfiinţa un cartel decentralization s. descentralizare decentralize v.t. a descentraliza decimal adj. zecimal, decimal ~ classifîcation - clasificare zecimală ~ coinage - sistem monetar decimal ~ measure - mâsură metrică / zecimală ~ system - sistem zecimal (de unităţi de mâsură) decimalize v.t. a transforma în sistemul zecimal decision 5'. decizie, hotărâre ~ beyond / past recall - decizie irevocabilă ~ maker - factor de decizie

making - luare de decizii; competenţă de decizie ~ - making costs - costuri ce influenţează luarea deciziilor ~ - making under certainty - luare de decizii în condiţii de certitudine ~ - making under risk - luare de decizii în condiţii de risc ~ - making unit - (man.) unitate decizională ~ tree - (man.) arbore de decizie (stabilirea graficâ a tipului de relaţie între deciziile manageriale şi factorii probabilistici) to make a ~ a lua o decizie deck A\ (mar.) punte ~ cargo - caric de punte ~ - cargo cover - prelatâ de protecţie a caricului de pe punte

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92 DEC-I ~ - cargo line - tubulatură de punte {la petroliere) ~ - cargo space - spaţiu de încărcare pe punte ~ gear - instalaţie de punte ~ - load capacity - capacitate de transport pe punte ~ stowage - stivuire pe punte declarant s. declarant (yamaî) declaration s. declaraţie ~ day - (bur.) zi de declaraţie (ultima zi în care titularul unei opţiuni poate decide dacă o menţine sau nu) ~ inwards - declaraţie (vamalâ) la intrare ~ of bankruptcy - declaraţie de faliment ~ of duty - declaraţie vamală ~ of nullity - (dr.) declararea nulităţii (unui contract)

of solvency - declaraţie de solvabilitate ~ of the contents - declaraţie (yamala) asupra continutului ~ of value - declaraţie de valoare ~ outwards - declaraţie (yamală) \a ieşire ~ policy - poliţâ de asigurare flotantă / nenominalizată declared adj. declarat ~ value - valoare declarată (în vamâ) decline 5'. 1. scădere, diminuare 2. declin (al activităfii economice) v.t. a declina, a refuza v.i. a scădea, a diminua ~ in prices - scâdere a preţurilor ~ of the markets - restrângere a pieţelor decontrol 5. eliberare de sub controlul statului v.t. a elibera de sub controlul statului

decrease s. reducere, scădere, nuare v.t., v.i. a (se) reduce, a scădea decree s. 1. decret; ordonanţă ( hotărâre judecătorească, sentinţă v.i decreta, a hotărî i ~ in bankruptcy - hotărâre judeci rească de declarare în stare de falima ~ law - decret-lege i deduct v.t. 1. a deduce, a scădeaj reţine 2. a defalca; a deconta deductible adj. deductibil ~ space - (mar.) spaţiu deducti (spaţiu impropriu încărcării cu marf. deduction s. 1. scădere, reţinere defalcare; decontare ~s from pay - reţineri din sala (pentni plata impozitelor, asigurărilor sociale etc.) deed s. act,. document; contract; ti (penîru transferarea unui drepî) ~ of arrangement / assignmenl concordat, acord cu creditorii ~ of conveyance - act de transmil (a proprietăţiî); act de cesiune ~ of gift - act de donaţie ~ of partnership - contract de asocn ~ of property - act / titlu proprietate ~ of transfer - act de transfer i acţiuni) ~ of trust - contract fiduciar ~ poll - obligaţie unilaterală, simplu deep adj. adânc ~ discount bond - {SUA) obligaţii cu reducere mare {a preţului emisiune, dar care oferă dobâi mica) ~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj mi ~ load mark - (mar.) marcă de pesc încărcare

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DEE-DEF 93 ~ - sea fishery / fishing - pescuit oceanic / de larg - - sea navigation - navigaţie de cursă hmgă ~ - sea tug - remorcher maritim - stowage - stivuire în cală / magazia inferioară -• - water line - linie de plutire la încărcare maximă deface v.î. a şterge, a deteriora (faţa unei bancnote, a unui cec) defalcate v.t. 1. a defalca 2. a delapida, a detuma (fonduri) v.i. a comite fraude defalcation s. 1. defalcare 2. delapidare; sumă delapidată defalcator s. delapidator default s. 1. (a?r.) neprezentare, lipsă (din instanţă) 2. neîndeplinire (a unui contract) 3. încetare de plată v.t. 1. (dr.) a judeca în contumacie 2. a nu face faţă (angajamentelor); a nu putea plăti (datorit) v.i. 1. (dr.) a nu se prezenta {în instanţa) 2. a nu-şi plăti datoriile ~ risk - risc de încetare de plată defaulter s. 1. (dr.) condamnat (m conîumacie) 1. persoană care nu-şi îndeplineşte obligaţiile / angajamentele; falit defeasance s. (dr.} 1. anulare, abrogare 2. clauză rezolutorie (care poate implica anularea unui contract) defeasible adj. anulabil, abrogabil defeat (dr.) s. anulare, abrogare v.t. a anula, a declara nul şi neavenit defective adj. incomplet, imperfect ~ delivery - livrare defectuoasă (de tiluri de valoare ale câror caracte-ristici nu corespund exigenţelor bursiere sau contractuale)

~ title - (dr.) titlu (de proprietate) incomplet / imperfect ~ - title policy - poliţă de asigurare pentru o proprietate cu titlu incomplet / imperfect (incheiată de cumpârâtorul unei asemenea proprietăţi împotriva unei eventuale contestâri înjustiţie) defer v.t. a amâna; a eşalona defer(r)able adj. care poate fi amânat / eşalonat deferred adj. amânat; eşalonat ~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate amânată ~ bond - obligatiune cu dobândă eşalonatâ (care creşte graduaî} ~ delivery - (bur.) tranzacţionare amânată (a acţiunitor cu acordul cumpărătorului) ~ interest certificate / scrip / warrant - (bur.) certificat pentru dobândă eşalonată ~ liabilities - datorii pe termen lung ~ payment account - cont de plăţi eşalonate ~ payment agreement - (com.) acord de cumpărare cu plata în rate (proprieîatea asupra produsului devenind efectivâ în momentul livrârii) ~ premium - (asig.) primă eşalonată ~ rebates - (com.) reduceri cumulate (acordate de angrosist detailisîului în anumite condiţii) ~ shares - acţiuni amânate (cw plata dividendelor dupd ce toate celelalte tipuri de acţiuni aufost achitate) ~ tax - impozit amânat deficiency s. 1. deficienţă, lipsă 2. deficit, manco ~ clause - clauza lipsei (de marfâ la predare) ~ in weight - lipsă la greutate defîcient adj. defectuos; insuficient

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DEF-DEl 94

~ packing - ambalaj defectuos ~ reserves - deficit de rezerve (rezervele unei bânci care scad sub nivelul cerut de lege) deficit s. deficit ~ financing / spending - fmanţare a deficitului (bugetar) ~ spending unit - unitate economică cu deficit (care cheltuieşte mai mult decât produce) definite adj. hotărât, ferm ~ order - comandă fermă deflate v.t. a provoca deflaţia (monedeî) deflation s. (fin.) deflaţie deflationary adj. deflaţionist ~ g3? - decalaj deflaţionist ~ measure - măsură deflaţionistă defraud v.t. a defrauda, a delapida defrauder s. defraudator, delapidator defray v.t. a plăti, a achita; a rambursa (cheltuieli) defrayable adj. cu ramburs defrayal s. platire, achitare; rambursare (a cheltuielilor) defrayment v. defrayal defunct 'adj. inactiv; radiat (din registrul de comert) ~ company - societate radiată degressive adj. degresiv ~ tax - impozit degresiv dehoarding s. încetare a tezaurizării capkalurilor deindustrialization s. dezindustriali- zare delay s. întârziere, amânare; prelungire (a termenuluî) v.t. aîntârzia, a amâna; a prelungi (un termen) del credere 5. (com.) del credere ~ agent - agent del credere ~ agreement - acord del credere

~ commission - comision al agentuli del credere delegate s. delegat v.t. a delega delinquency s. delict (fînanciar^ neplatâ a datoriilor la scadenţă delinquent adj. neachitat {despf impozite) ~ account - cont (de credit) întârzii faţă de scadenţă ~ tax certificate - (SUA) certificat d impozite neachitate (formă d investiţie) delisting s. eliminare/suspendare unor acţiuni de pe lista de cotaţ bursiere deliver v.t. 1. a livra, a distribui ( marfa) 2. a remite, a preda (o scrisoan un act) to ~ in full - a livra în întregime delivered adj. 1. livrat, distribu (despre o marfa) 2. remis, predi (despre o scrisoare, un act) ~ alongside ship - (mar.) livrare lâng navă / sotto palanco ~ at frontier - livrat la frontieră ~ docks - (mar.) cu livrare în docuri ~ duty paid - livrat, taxele vamal plâtite ~ duty unpaid - livrat, taxele vamai neplătite ~ free - livrare franco ~ measure - cantitate livrată / predată ~ price - preţ de livrare (care inclwi toate cheltuielile de transport până i punctul de livrare) ~ sound - livrat în bune condiţii ~ weight - greutate predată delivery s. 1. livrare, distribuire (< marfa) 2. remitere, predare (de scrisoi acte); transfer (de acţiuni, cambii etc.} ~ advice - aviz de livrare

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DEL-DEM 95 ~ alongside ship - (mar.) livrare lângă navă / sotto palanco ~ bill / note - foaie / bon de livrare ~ book - registru de livrare ~ car / van - camionetă, furgonetă (pentru livrârî) ~ charges - cheltuieli de livrare ~ clause - (mar.) clauza predării (navei la expirarea perioadei de închiriere) ~ date - data livrării; termen de livrare ~ free domicile - livrare franco domiciliu ~ manifold - manifold de livrare ~ on acceptance - livrare la acceptare ~ on board - (mar.) livrare / predare la bordul navei ~ on payment - plata la livrare ~ order - ordin / bon de livrare; conosament fracţionat ~ overside - (mar.) livrare / predare altei nave (prin îransbordare) ~ point - punct / loc de livrare ~ receipt - recipisă de livrare ~ speed - (mar.) celeritate de livrare ~ terms - condiţii de livrare ~ voyage 'î- (mar.) călătorie / voiaj de predare (a navei la expirarea termenului de navlosire) to take ~ of the goods - a recepţiona marfa demand s. cerere; comandă v.t. a cere, a solicita ~ bill - cambie la cerere ~ charge tariff - preţ de vânzare a energiei electrice ~ curve - curba cererii (într-un grafic') ~ deposit - depozit / depunere la vedere; (SUA) depozit / depunere la cerere (cont de cecurî) ~ -induced /-pull inflation - inflaţie datorată cererii

~ loan - împrumut rambursabil la cerere ~ matching - echilibrare a cererii (cu nivelul producţieî} ~ note - aviz de plată ~ pass - permis de ridicare a mărfurilor (din depozit) ~ price - preţ cerut ~ - pull inflation - inflaţie provocată prin cerere ~ schedule - graficul cererii ~ variatîon - variaţia cererii to be in great ~ - a fi foarte cerut / căutat demarcation s. demarcare, delimitare ~ dispute - conflict de delimitare (dezacord apârut între sindicate cu privire la ce categorie de munciîori ar trebui să execute anumite tipuri de lucrâri) demarketing s. demarketing (proces prin care cumpărâtorii sunt descurajaţi să cumpere un anumit produs) demerger s. divizare demise s. 1. transmitere (a averii) prin moştenire 2. cesiune v.t. 1. a transmite (averea) prin deces / moştenire 2. a cesiona ~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire a navei nude demonetize v.t. 1. a demonetiza, a devaloriza 2. a scoate din circulaţie (o moneda) demotion ^. {man.) retrogradare (a unui salariat din cauza rezultatelor nesatisfăcătoare sau a comportamen- tului) demountable adj. demontabil - container - container demontabil demurrage s. 1. (mar.) contrastalii; plată a contrastaliilor; taxă de amarare

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DEM-DEP 96

2. (c./:) depozitare, magazinaj; taxă de depozitare ~ charge - taxă de stationare; locaţie de vagoane ~ clause - clauza contrastaliilor ~ days - zile de contrastalii ~ incurred - contrastalii ocazionate ~ lien - drept de retenţie pentru neplata contrastaliilor denationalize v.t. a privatiza denomination s. 1. denumire 2. clasă / categorie de unităţi (pentru bani, greutăţi etc.) ~ of the goods - denumire a mărfii department s. 1. minister 2. departament; serviciu 3. secţie, sector; raion ~ store - magazin universal departmental adj. departamental ~ charges - cheltuieli speciale / directe ~ functions - funcţii pe servicii ~ organization - organizare departa- mentalâ / pe servicii ~ store - magazin universal departure s. .plecare ~ ballast - (mar.) balast la plecare ~ loading - (mar.) caric de plecare depletion s. 1. epuizare (a resurselor etc.) 1. (cont.) epuizare (alocarea sistematicâ şi raţională a costului de achiziţie al resurselor naturale pentru perioada viitoare în care utilizarea acestor resurse contribuie la generarea profituluî) deposit s. depozit, depunere (în bancâ), cont de depuneri v.t. 1. a depune {la bancă); a consemna 2. a da ca acont / avans; a da ca garanţie ~ account - cont de depozit ~ at call - depozit la cerere

~ at long notice - depozit pe termen lung ~ at notice - depozit cu preaviz ~ at short notice - depozit pe termen scurt ~ bank - bancâ comercială / ât depuneri ~ book - livret de depuneri ~ capital - capital vărsat ~ -cum -credit guarantee - garanţit pe bază de depozit şi credit ~ currency - (SUA) bani depuşi (H cont curent) ~ insurance - garantare a depunerilor ~ liabilities - pasiv sub formă dc depozite ~ money - depozite bancare, bari depuşi în bănci ~ receipt - recipisă de depunere (<& titluri la o bancă depozitarâ); chitanţi de consemnare {in vamă) ~ slip - (SUA) borderou de depuneri ~ • taking business - activitate ck atragere de depozite ~ warrant - recipisă warant depositary s. depozitar; consignatar depositor s. depunâtor; consignator ~'s book - livret de depuneri depository v. depositary depot s. 1. depou; parc; garaj 2 depozit, magazie; antrepozit 3. (SUA\ garâ depreciable adj. 1. depreciabil 2 amortizabil ~ assets - active amortizabile depreciate v.t. 1. a deprecia, i devaloriza 2. (cont.) a amortiza v.i. a 9 deprecia, a se devaloriza depreciation 5'. 1. depreciere, devalo rizare 2. (conf.) amortizare ~ account - cont de amortizare :

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DEP-DEV 97 - accounting - contabilitate de amortizare - allowance - reducere fiscală pentru amortizare ~ expenses - cheltuieli de amortizare ~ fund - fond de amortizare ~ methods - metode de amortizare depress v.t. a reduce activitatea depressed adj. în depresiune; în criză ~ area - zonă afectată de criză (şomaj, sârâcie etc.) ~ market — piaţă în depresiune (când oferta este rnai mare decât cerered) depression s. depresiune, stagnare; criză (economica} depute v.t. a delega, a împutemici, a numi deputy s. 1. delegat, reprezentant 2. adjunct 3. deputat ~ chairman - vicepreşedinte ~ manager - director adjunct ~ member - membru supleant derate v.t. a scuti (industria) de impozite locale deration v.t. a vinde la liber (un articol care se vindea pe cartelă) deregulation s. dereglementare, elimi- nare a reglementărilor, liberalizare (a unui sector economic) derelict (asig. mar.) adj. abandonat, părăsit s. derelict, navă abandonată derivative adj. derivat ~ lease - subînchiriere; subarendare descriptive adj. descriptiv ~ economics - economie descriptivă design s. proiect, plan; desen, schiţă; model (industriat) ~ and development phase - fază de concepţie industrială / în detaliu ~ institute - institut de proiectare designer s. designer, proiectant

desk s. 1. birou, masă de scris 2. casă (deplatâ) 3. pupitru / masă de comandă ~ research - cercetare teoretică ~ training - pregătire teoretică despatch v. dispatch destination s. destinaţie destitute adj. sărac, nevoiaş the ~ - săracii, nevoiaşii destitution s. sărăcie, nevoie; lipsuri detail s. 1. detaliu, amănunt 2. pl. părţi componente, elemente ~ drawing - desen tehnic de detaliu detailed adj. detaliat, amănunţit ~ account - cont detaliat ~ audit - audit detaliat detinue s. (dr.) deţinere ilegală a unui bun devaluate v.t. a devaloriza, a deprecia (moneda) devaluation s. devalorizare, depreciere (monetară) devalue v. devaluate devanning s. descărcare a unei furgonete develop v.t., v.i. a (se) dezvolta developing adj. care se dezvoltă, m dezvoltare ~ country - ţară în curs de dezvoltare - industrial model - model industrial supus ameliorării development s. 1. dezvoltare 2. şantier; lucrare, construcţie 3. exploatare a zăcămintelor de petrol etc. ~ area - zonă specială / de dezvoltare ~ economics - economia dezvoltării - mortgage - împrumut ipotecar pentru îmbunâtăţiri funciare ~ study - studiu / plan de dezvoltare ~ well - sondă de exploatare deviate v.i. a devia, a se abate (din drum)

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DE'\ 98

deviation s. (mar.) deviere (abaterea navei de la drumul de navigaţie normal sau de la cursa contractata} ~ clause - clauza devierii devise s. (dr.) testare, dispoziţie testamentarâ, v.t. {dr.) a testa, a lăsa prin testament (im bun imobiliar) devisee s. (dr.) legatar, succesor, moştenitor (al bunurilor imobiliare) devisor s. (dr.) testator diagram s. diagramâ, schemă; grafic; organigramâ ~ of loading - grafic de încărcare dicker s. 1. comert mâmnt; colportaj 2. troc v.i. 1. a face comerţ mârunt 2. a face troc difference s. 1. diferenţă, deosebire 2. diferend, dezacord v.t. a diferenţia, a deosebi ~ in price - diferenţâ de preţ ~ in quality - diferenţă de calitate ~ over or under - diferenţă în plus sau în minus ~ to pay - diferenţâ de platâ to split the ~ - a ceda şi unul şi altul differential adj. diferenţial; distinctiv ~ duties - taxe vamale diferenţiale ~ pay - salariu diferenţial ~ prices - (com.) preţuri diferenţiale (pentru acelaşi produs pe pieţe diferite) ~ rent - chirie diferenţială (mai mare decât este normal deoarece include plata pentru unele avantaje şifacilitâţi speciale) ~ sampling - eşantionare diferenţialâ / ponderatâ ~ tariff - tarif diferenţial ~ threshold - prag diferenţial (pragul reacţiei cumpârătoruîui la stimulenţi)

~ voting - drept de vot difen (referitor la acţiunile care oferă St drept de vot) differentiation s. diferentiere produselor) digest s. publicaţie informativă; gt dilution s. diluare, reducere, scăde ~ of equity - (bur.) diluai capitalului propriu (mârirea numa acţiunilor existente fdră creş corespunzâtoare a profitului Si activelor societâţii respective) ~ of labour - diluare a fortei de rt (angajarea de muncitori necali pentru lucrări efectuate de obia personal calificat) diminish v.î., v.i. a (se) diminua,! reduce diminution s. diminuare, reducere direct adj. 1. direct, personal, intermediar 2. clar, categoric v.t. adresa, a trimite 2. a conduce, a dii ~ action - acţiune directâ (pr< exercitate de muncitori a. patronatului prin greve etc.) ~ answer - râspuns clar / categorii ~ bill of lading - conosament obiş ~ charges / expenses - chel directe ~ contact - relaţie directă / person ~ contract - contract direct / intermediar ~ cost - cost direct / variabil ~ demand - cerere directă ~ exchange - schimb direct (intre ţâri, valuta uneia fiind cotată în i[ cu valuta celeilalte ţârî) ~ exporting - export direct ~ hand - participare directă ~ labour - muncă directă (fabn unui produs sau oferirea unui ser\

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MR-DIS 9» ~ letter of credit - acreditiv direct - mail - reclamă prin poştă -- marketing - marketing direct ~ order - (cow.) comandâ directă - placement - plasament direct {de titluri de valoare, fârâ intervenţia mtermediarilor) ~ quote - curs direct (curs de schimb exprimat ca raport între moneda naţionala şi una strâină) ~ route - mtă directă ~ sale / selling - vânzare directâ / fâră intermediari; marketing direct ~ services - servicii directe (altele decât cele comerciale, îndeplinite de medici, avocaţi, funcţionari etc.) ~ skip - (dr.) testare directă (testare în favoarea unei persoane care este cu două sau mai multe niveluri de generaţie sub testator) ~ supply - livrare directâ ~ taxation - impunere directă ~ trade - comerţ angro ~ trader - angrosist ~ -writing company - societate de reasigurare direction s. 1. dirijare, îndrumare 2. conducere, direcţie 3. pl. instrucţiuni; ordine, directive directive 5. directivă, ordin director s. 1. director 2. membru în consiliul de administraţie ~ general - director general ~s' report - raport al consiliului de administraţie -s' shares - acţiuni statutare (numâr obligatoriu de acţiuni pe care o persoană trebuie să le deţinâ pentru a candida ca membru în consiliul de administraţie al societâţii respective)

~'s tally - jeton de prezenţă (al unui membru în consiliul de administraţie) directorate s. 1. directorat, funcţie de director 2. birou al directorului 3. consiliu de administraţie directorship s. 1. directorat, funcţie de director 2. perioadă a directoratului directory s. carte de adrese; ghid; anuar dirty adj. 1. murdar 2. inferior, de jos (despre muncâ) ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament murdar (cu menţiunea recepţionârii mărfii în stare necorespunzâtoare / improprie) ~ cargo - (mar.) caric prăfos (ciment, mangal eîc.); caric de produse negre (ţiţei, pâcura) ~ cash - bani murdari (proveniţi din afaceri ilegale) ~ float - (fin.) fluctuaţie dirijatâ (a cursurilor de schimb) ~ money / pay - plată pentru munca dificilă -ship / tanker - petrolier de produse negre disability s. invaliditate; incapacitate de muncă ~ pension - pensie pentru incapacitate de muncâ disabled adj. 1. invalid; incapabil / inapt de muncă 2. scos din uz; avariat (despre aparate, instalaţii etc.) ~ worker - muncitor invalid / fâră capacitate de muncă disablement s. invaliditate ~ pension - pensie de invaliditate disadvantage s. 1. dezavantaj; situaţie nefavorabilă 2. pagubă, prejudiciu v.t. 1. a dezavantaja 2. a pâgubi, a prejudicia

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100 disagio s. (fin.) disagio disagree v.i. a diferi, a nu corespunde; a fi în dezacord, a nu înţelege disagreement s. dezacord, diferend disallow v.t. a respinge, a refuza disallowance s. respingere, refuz disannul v.t. a anula; a abroga disburse v.t. a plăti; a cheltui disbursement s. plată; cheltuială ~s account - decont de cheltuieli ~s insurance - asigurare a cheltuielilor extraordinare ~ warranty clause - clauză de asigurare a valorilor suplimentare discharge s. 1. descărcare (a unui vas etc.) 1. destituire, concediere 3. plată, achitare (a unei datoriî}; exonerare (de obîigaţii financiare); radiere (a unei ipoteci) 4. îndeplinire, executare (a unei obligaţiî) v.t. 1. (c.f., mar.) a descărca; a goli 2. a destitui, a concedia 3. a plăti, a achita (o datorie); a exonera (de obligaţii financiare); a radia (o ipotecă) 4. a îndeplini, a executa (o obligaţie) ~ afloat - (mar.) descârcare în stare de plutire (a navei) ~ certificate - (mar.) certificat de descărcare / debarcare ~ of contract - îndeplinire / executare a contractului ~ of mortgage - radiere a ipotecii ~ overside - (mar.) predare peste bord ~ tonnage rate - nonnă de descărcare a navei (fn tone) discharger 5. 1. persoană care descarcă 2. descârcător, instalaţie de descărcare discharging adj. de descărcare ~ berth - dană de descărcare ~ contractor - agent de descărcare--primire

~ damage - avarie la descărcare ~ days - zile de descărcare (fixate contract) ~ permit - permis de descărcare ~ pipe - tubulatură de descârcan petroliere) ~ port - port de descărcare ~ quay - chei de descărcare disclaim v.t. 'a abandona, a renua (un drept) disclaimer s. 1. persoană care ra la (un drept) 2. act de renunţare disclosure s. 1. (.asig.) dezvăl oferire de informaţii com (obligaţia persoanei care înche asigurare de a oferi asigurâta toate informaţiile referitoare bunurile sau interesele propuse pi asigurare) 1. (fin.) dezvăluire, ol de date confidentiale (de către o b despre conturile unui client) discount s. 1. scont, discont; scoi actualizare 2. rabat comercial, redi v.t. 1. a sconta (un efect de comerţ vinde cu rabat v.i. a da cu împc retinând scontul ~ bank - bancă de scont ~ bond - obligaţiune cu discont ~ broker - agent de scont ~ credit - credit de scont ~ department - serviciu de scont ~ for cash - reducere pentru pla numerar ~ house - casă de scont; magazi preţuri reduse ~ market - piaţă de scorit ~ note - notă cu discont (imprum tennen scurt) ~ price - preţ cu reducere / rabat ~ rate - taxă de scont ~ store - magazin cu preţuri redus

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DIS 101

~ terms - condiţii de scont to take on ~ - a sconta, a prelua spre scomare discounted adj. 1. scontat 2. actualizat ~ cash flow - flux de numerar actualizat (metodă de evaluare a opţiunilor de investiţii) discounter 5. scontator discrepancy s. discrepanţă, eroare (într-o evîdenţâ contabiîâ) discretionary adj. discreţionar ~ income - venit discreţionar ~ order - (bur.) comandă discreţio-lîară/la apreciere (câtre broker de a cumpăra, în limita sumei la dispoziţie, acţiunilepe care acesta le alege) ~ service - (bur.) serviciu discreţio-nar/la alegere ~ spending power - putere de cumpărare discreţionară ~ trust - (dr.) tutelâ discretionară discriminate v.t. a discrimina, a distinge, a deosebi discriminating adj. discriminatoriu (despre tarife, preţuri etc.) ~ duty - taxâ vamală discriminatorie / multiplă (la import înfuncţie de ţara de origine a mârfurilor) ~ monopoly - monopol discrimi-natoriu, discriminare în materie de preţuri ~ restrictions - restricţii discrimina-torii discrimination s. discriminare (comer-cială, tarifara) discriminatory v. discriminating diseconomy s. dezeconomie, neecono-micitate diseconomies of scale - dezeconomii la scară

disembargo v.t. a ridica embargoul de pe/la disembark v.t. a debarca, a descărca disencumber v.t. {dr.') a degreva (de sarcini ipotecare) disencumbrance s. (dr.) degrevare (de sarcini ipotecare), scoatere de sub ipotecâ disequilibrium s. dezechilibru - in the balance of payments -dezechilibru al balanţei de plâţi to cure a -- - a elimina un dezechilibru dishono(u)r s. neachitare, neonorare (a unui cec, a unei cambii) v.t. a nu achita, a nu onora disincorporation s. desfiinţare, dizol-vare (a unei corporaţiî) disinflation s. (fin.) deflaţie disinflationary adj. deflaţionist ~ policy - politicâ defl^tionistă disinherit v.t. a dezmoşteni disinheritance s. dezmoştenire disintermediation ^. (fin.) dezinterme-diere (procesul prin care intermediarii fînanciari, de exemplu băncile, sunt eliminaţi din lanţul care transferă banii de la creditoml iniţial către debitorul final) disinvestment s. investiţie negativă dismiss v.t, 1. a concedia, a destitui 2. (dr.) a clasa (un proces); a respinge (un recurs) 3. a dizolva (o adunare) dismissal s. 1. concediere, destituire 2. (dr.) clasare (a unui proces); respingere (a unui recurs) 3. dizolvare (a unei adunârî) ~ compensation / pay / wage -indemnizaţie / salariu de concediere dismortgage v.t. a elibera de o ipotecă dispatch s. 1. expediere, trimitere (de mesaje, colete etc.) 2. depeşă, mesaj,

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102 document oficial (trimis prin curier); dispoziţie (pficială) 3. întreprindere de transporturi rapide 4. (mar.) dispatch, timp economisit v.t. a expedia, a trimite (urgent) ~ boat - (mar.) avizo ~ box - valiză diplomaticâ ~ clerk - funcţionar expeditor ~ days - (mar.) zile economisite (m operarea navei) ~ department - serviciu de expediţii ~ discharging only - timp economisit numai în portul de descărcare ~ fees - cheltuieli de expediţie a mărfurilor ~ free - (mar.) fără dispatch / timp economisit ~ loading only - timp economisit numai în portul de încărcare ~ money - (mar.) indemnizaţie de celeritate ~ note - buletin de expediţie dispatcher s. 1. expeditor 2. dispecer displace v.t. 1. a deplasa, a strămuta, a transfera 2. a concedia, a destitui 3. {mar.) a avea un deplasament de displacement s. 1. deplasare, stră- mutare, transferare 2. concediere, destituire 3. (mar.) deplasament ~ mark - marcă de pescaj / încărcare ~ ton - tonă de deplasament ~ volume - deplasament volumetric ~ weight - deplasament brut total display s. expunere, prezentare; expoziţie v.t. a expune, a prezenta disposable adj. disponibil s.pl. produse de unică folosinţâ ~ funds - disponibilităţi, fonduri disponibile ~ goods - produse de unicâ folosinţâ

~ income - venit disponibil (d achitarea impozitelor) disposal s. 1. aşezare, dispunen dispoziţie; drept de decizie 3. traa cedare; vânzare 4. înlăturare, evaci eliminare disposition s. 1. dispoziţie, ordin; d de decizie 2. reglementare, rezolva (dr.) legat, dispoziţie testamentară dispossess v.t. a deposeda, a exprop dispossession s. expropriere ~ for public purposes - expropi pentm utilitate publică dispute s. litigiu; conflict v.t. a conl ~ at law - ligitiu disqualification s. 1. descalifu

pierdere de drepturi / calitâţi incapacitate, lipsă de calificare disqualify v.t. a descalifica, a lipa calitatea / dreptul de disseise v.t. (dr.) a deposeda ilegal disseisee s. (dr.) persoană depose ilegal disseisin s. (dr.) deposedare ilegal proprietate disseisor s. (dr.) persoană care i posesiune ilegală dissolution s. 1. dizolvare (a adunărî}; lichidare (a unei societâ^ reziliere (a unui contract) dissolve v.t. 1. a dizolva (o adunar\ lichida (o societate) 2. a rezilia contract} distance s. distanţâ ~ freight - (mar.) navlu pe distanţâ ~ learning - învăţare la distanţă distant adj. depârtat, de proastă cal ~ substitute - înlocuitor de pra calitate {al produsului autentic) distinctive adj. distinctiv, specific

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DIS-DTV 1(B ~ competence - (wan.) competenţă distinctivă distrain (dr.) v.t. a exercita un drept de retenţie (asupra bunurilor unui daîomic); a aplica un sechestru, a sechestra v.i. (upon) a sechestra, a executa distrainee s. (dr.) debitor executat, persoană căreia i se aplicâ un sechestm distrainer 5. (dr.) executor, persoană care aplicâ un sechestru distrainment s. (dr.) punere a sechestrului; sechestru distrainor v. distrainer distraint v. distrainment distress s. 1. sinistru, primejdie; naufragiu 2. (dr.) sechestru, retenţie v.t. (dr.) a pune sechestru pe ~ call - (mar.) apel de sinistru ~ cargo - (mar.) caric în primejdie ~ freight - (mar.) navlu redus ~ goods - mărfuri în lichidare / ale unei firme falimentare ~ sale / selling - vânzare a bunurilor sub sechestru ~ warrant - ordin de sechestru distribute v.t. a distribui, a împărti; a repartiza distributee s. persoană câreia îi revine o parte {dintr-o moştenire etc.) distributer s. distribuitor distribution s. 1. distribuire, împărtire; repartizare 2. (com.) distribuţie ~ channel - canal de distribuţie ~ mix - mix de distribuţie (combinarea canalelor de distribuţie) distributive adj. de distribuire / distribuţie ~ costs - cheltuieli de distribuţie ~ trades - sectorul distribuţiei (de bunuri şi servicii)

distributor v. distributer district s. district; regiune; sector ~ bank - bancâ regională ~ council - consiliu districtual / regional ~ court - tribunal districtual / regional ~ manager - director regional distringas s. (bur., dr.) decizie de sistare (temporarâ) a tranzacţionării acţiunilor unei societăţi disutility s. lipsă de utilitate; inutilitate disvalue v.t. a deprecia, a subestima ditto s. 1. ditto, cele sus-mentionate 2. duplicat, lucru identic / similar adv. idem, la fel diversification s. diversificare (a liniei de produse, a investiţiilor în titluri de valoare etc.) divestiture (bur.) separare (îndepâr- tarea unei părţi a activelor în exploatare ale firmei prin vânzarea către o altâ companie, prin emisiunea către acţionarii existenţi de acţiuni ale noii firme alcătuite din activele îndepârtate — spinoff) divestment s. restrângere (a unei afaceri prin vânzarea sau închiderea unor active) dividend s. 1. dividend 2. (dr.) sumă repartizată între creditori (din bunurile unui debitor insolvabil) ~ - bearing shares - acţiuni purtătoare de dividende ~ cover - acoperire a dividendelor (indicator care arată de câte ori pot fi plătite dividendele din profitul net al unei societăţi) ~ equalization account - cont de egalizare a dividendelor (când se înregistrează mari variaţii ale profiturilor anuale)

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104 DIV4 ~ limitation / restraint - limitare / restrângere a dividendelor ~ mandate - mandat pentru plata dividendelor ~ off- (SUA) fară dividende ~ on - (SUA) cu dividende ~ options - (asig.) opţiuni pentru dividende (pentru încasarea sau reinvestirea dividendelor oferite de o poliţă de asigurare de viaţă) ~ payout ratio - rata de plată a dividendelor (procentul din prqfit plătit subformu de dividende) ~ poli'cy - politică de dividende ~ - price ratio - (SUA) rata dividend - - preţ (depiaţă al unei acţiuni) ~ reinvestment plan - plan de reinvestire a dividendelor (care permite acţionarilor reinvestirea automatâ a dividendelor primite în acţiuni ale societăţii plătitoare) ~s per share - dividende pe acţiune ~ stripping - lichidare a dividendelor (preluarea controlului asupra unei companii, exploatarea rezervelor / dividendelor şi vânzarea acţiunilor, operaţii care duc adesea societatea la falimenî) ~ tax - impozit pe dividende ~ warrant - cupon de dividende ~ yield - randamentul dividendelor (raportul dintre dividendul actual şi preţul acttial al unei acţiuni) division ^. 1. sector, secţie; divizie 2. împărtire, repartizare; diviziune ~ of labour - diviziunea muncii divisionalization s. (man.) divizare (a unei companii în unitâţi distincte pentru a acoperi mai bine diferite sectoare alepieţeî) dock A'. doc, bazin portuar v.t. a andoca

~ basin - bazin portuar ~ company - companie de andocai ~ dues - taxe de cheiaj / andocare ~ pass - permis de ieşire din doc intrare în doc ~ receipt - recipisă de primh mărfurilor ~ rent - taxă de depozitare a mărfii în doc ~ storage - depozit portuar ~ tonnage dues - taxe de chd andocare ~ traffîc - trafic portuar ~ warrant - recipisă de antrepozita ~ worker - docher dockage s. taxâ de cheiaj / andocan ~ penalty - penalizare pentru d (cand se staţionează la dană f tennenul stabilif) docker s. docher docket s. 1. etichetă, fişă (indu conţinutul unei partide de mărf foaie de expediţie; extras conţinutului unui document) 1. chi< de plată a taxelor vamale 3. (dr.) ro proceselor de judecat) v.t. 1. a etid a înregistra pe o fişâ {conţinutul partide de mărfuri, al unui docun 1. (dr.) a trece pe rol (unproces) dockyard s. şantier naval document s. document, act v., dovedi prin acte / documente ~ of title - titlu de proprietate ~s against acceptance - docunc contra acceptare -s-against - acceptance bill - cai pe bază de documente contra accep ~s against cash - documente c< plată în numerar ~s against payment - docun contra plată

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105 DOC-DOO

~s - against - payment bill - cambie pe bază de documente contra plată ~s against presentation - documente contra prezentare ~s in proof / support - acte doveditoare documentary adj. documentar ~ collections - încasări documentare / pe bază de documente ~ credit - credit documentar ~ draft - trată documentară / comercială ~ evidence - acte probante ~ letter of credit - acreditiv documentar documentation s. 1. documentare; documentaţie 2. confirmare a unor documente 3. (mar.) înzestrare a navei cu documente dodge v.t. a evita (plata impoziîelor), a se sustrage (pbligaţiilor fiscale) dodger s. evazionist (fiscaî) dog s. afacere sau produs fară perspectivă pe piaţă {care implicâ reducerea investiţiilor') do-it-yourself s. deprinderea de a face lucrările şi reparatiile casnice singur doldrums s. pl. calm, stabilitate (pe piaţa bursieră) dole s. ajutor de şomaj dollar s. dolar ~ area - zona dolarului ~ stocks - titluri de valoare americane sau canadiene domestic adj. 1. domestic, casnic 2. national; intem s.pl. mărfuri fabricate în ţarâ ~ bill - cambie intemă (plâtibilă în ţara unde afost emisa} ~ capital - capital autohton ~ consumption - consum intem

~ credits - credite inteme ~ currency - monedă naţională ~ debt - datorie publică / intemă ~ industry - industria natională; industria casnică ~ investments - investitii private ~ market - piaţă intemă ~ policy - politică intemă ~ port - port interior ~ rate - tarif casnic ~ science - economie domestică ~ shipment - (mar.) transport de cabotaj ~ subsidies - subvenţii naţionale (măsuri prin care un guvern subvenţioneazâ un produs, o întreprindere sau un sector economic) ~ trade - comert interior ~ voyage - (mar.) voiaj de cabotaj domicile s. 1. domiciliu; reşedinţă 2. adresă juridică 3. loc de plată (al unui efect de comerţ) v.t. 1. a stabili / a instala într-un domiciliu 2. a domicilia, a fixa locul plăţii (unui efect de comert) v.i. a se stabili cu domiciliul ~ of origin - domiciliu de origine domiciliate v.t. 1. a stabili / a instala într-un domiciliu 2. a domicilia, a fixa locul plăţii (unui efect de comerţ) v.i. a se stabili cu domiciliul domiciliation s. 1. stabilire / instalare într-un domiciliu 2. domiciliere, fixare a locului plăţii (unui efect de comerţ) donatev.r. adona donation s. donaţie ~ duty - impozit pe donatie donee s. {dr.) donatar donor s. (dr.) donator door s. uşă ~ money - taxă de intrare

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106_________________________

~ - to - door service - serviciu „din uşă în uşă" (serviciu de livrare a mărfii pânâ lafiecare destinatar) dormant adj. 1. inactiv; neproductiv (despre capital) 1. (dr.) nerevendicat (despre un bun) ~ accounts - conturi inactive ~ balance - sold inactiv ~ deed - contract / document inactiv (in care nu au fost trecute numele) ~ execution - (dr.) sentinţă care şi-a pierdut valabilitatea ~ law - lege neaplicată ~ partner - comanditar dot s. zestre double adj. dublu v.t. a dubla ~ bond - obligaţiune dublă / condiţională ~ dealing - înşelătorie ~ -entry bookkeeping - contabilitate în partidă dublă ~ figures - numere cu două cifre (de la 10 la 99) ~ freight - (mar.) navlu dublu ~ insurance - asigurare dublă ~ option - (bur.) optiune dublă, stelaj (care dă drept deopotrivă de cumpărare şi vânzare) ~ -page spread - reclamă pe două pagini de ziar

~ pricing - (com.) stabilire de preţuri duble (pe etichetă, cel mai mare fiind tăiat) ~ shift - schimb / tură cu efectiv dublu ~ standard - (fin.) etalon dublu / paralel ~ taxation relief - degrevare de dubla impunere (evitarea plâţii unui impozit pentru acelaşi venit în douâ ţărî) doubtful adj. 1. îndoielnic, nesigur 2. dubios, suspect

____________________DOO-Dl

~ client - client dubios ~ debt - datorie nesigură dower v.dot down adv. 1. (în) jos 2. jos, peşin, numerar (despre bani) adj. red^ coborât; m scădere 1 ~ market - piaţă în scădere \ ~ payment - acont; plată în numerar i ~ price clause - clauza scăda preţului \ to go ~ - a se ieftini; a se degra (despre calitate) downmarket s. downmarket downstream adv. în aval ~ dumping - dumping în aval / ( fumizare ~ loans - credite în aval (pbţinute de societate-mamă de la propriile filiale} downswing v. downturn downtime s. timp mort downtown s. cartier comercial al un oraş, centru al oraşului adv. în cartia comercial al oraşului downtrend s. tendinţă de scădere ~ in living standards - tendinţă < scădere a nivelului de trai ~ in prices - tendinţâ de scădere preţurilor downturn s. scădere (a activitâ economice) downward adj., adv. descendent ~ curve - curbă descendentă (intr-\ grafic) ~ tendency / trend - tendinţă i scădere dowry v.dot dozen s. (com.) duzină draft s. 1. desen, plan 2. proie concept 3. trată, cambie 4. copie unui document) 5. reducere (acorda cumpărătorului pentru pierderi o,

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107 DRA-DUE

marfa vândută la greutate) 6. (mar.) pescaj; coţadă de marfa v.t. a concepe, a elabora (un plan); a redacta (un raport) ~ articles - proiect de statut - budget - proiect de buget ~ contract - proiect de contract - law - proiect de lege ~ marks - scară de pescaj ~ terms - condiţii de plată a tratei draftsman s. proiectant, desenator tehnic dram s. drahmă (unitate de mâsură pentru greutate) draper s. comerciant de textile drapery s. 1. textile 2. comert de textile draught s. (inar.) pescaj draw s. 1. tragere la sorţi; loterie 2. câştig v.t. 1. a emite, a trage (o cambie); a completa (un cec) 2. a câştiga 3. a lua / a retrage (p sumă) din (fonduri, economii) 4. (up) a redacta (un document) drawback s. 1. dezavantaj, inconve- nient 2. rambursare (a taxelor vamale de impo^ atunci când mărfurile importate sunt reexportate sau folosite la producerea unor bunuri Ce vor fi exportaîe) 3. reducere (depreţ), rabat drawee s. tras (persoană asupra câreia s-a emis o cambie) drawer s. trăgător (persoanâ care a emis o cambie) drawing s. 1. loterie; distribuire de câştiguri {la loterie) 2. emitere, tragere (a unei cambiî); completare (a unui cec) ~ account - cont curent ~ authorization - autorizare de retragere (de sume din conî)

~ rights - {fin.) drepturi de tragere (aîe ţărilor-membre ale FMI) ~s account - cont personal (de retragere de fonduri al proprietarului unei afaceri) dreading s. (mar.) clauzâ de opţiune pentru portul de încărcare ~ at both ends - clauză de optiune pentru ambele porturi (de încărcare şi descârcare) droop s. scădere v.i. a scădea ~ in prices - scădere a preţurilor drummer s. (SUA) comis-voiajor dry adj. uscat ~ bulk carrier - vrachier ~ cargo - caric / încărcătură uscat(ă) ~ cargo charter - contract de navlosire pentru caric uscat ~ dock - doc uscat, bazin de radub ~ farming - cultivare a pâmântului fără irigaţii ~ goods - mărfuri uscate (grâne, textile etc.) ~ measure - măsură de capacitate mărfuri pulverulente ~ trust - împutemicire pasivă (m care mandatarul nu are nici o sarcinâ activa) dual adj. dublu ~ banking system - (SUA) sistem bancar dual (cu reglementâri federale şi de stat) ~ capacity - (bur.) calitate dublă (a brokerilor de a lucra ca intennediari sau pe cont propriu) dud adj. fară acoperire, fals ~ cheque - cec fară acoperire ~ note - bilet de bancă falsificat due adj. 1. datorat, exigibil; scadent 2. datorat, cauzat s. 1. datorie, drept

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108 DUE-Dll

cuvenit 2. pl. taxe, impozite; cotizatie prep. (to) datorită, mulţumită ~ bill - (SUA) (com.) notă de confirmare / recunoaştere a datoriei ~ date / day - scadenţă dull adj. inactiv ~ market - piaţă inactivă ~ season - sezon mort dullness s. inactivitate, stagnare (a pieţei) duly adv. 1. corespunzător, în bună regulă; legal 2. la timp, în timp util

authorized representative reprezentant împutemicit legal dummy adj. fals, fictiv ~ name - nume fals dump v.t. 1. a descărca; a bascula 2. a face dumping cu dumping s. 1. dumping 2. descărcare; basculare ~ price - preţ de dumping dun s. creditor insistent v.t. a presa (cerând bani) dunnage s. (mar.) material (lemnos) de protejare şi separare a încărcăturii, fardaj ~ cargo - caric cu fardaj duopoly s. duopol duopsony s. duopson duplicate adj. duplicat, dublu s. duplicat, copie v.t. a duplica, a întocmi (un act) în două exemplare ~ copies - copii duplicat ~ of exchange - duplicat al unei cambii ~ sample - probă-martor durable adj. durabil s. pl. mărfuri de folosintă îndelungată

~ goods - bunuri de consum < folosinţă îndelungată ' duration s. durată ~ of copyright - durată a dreptului ( autor ' duress s. (rfr.) constrângere, presia (exercitată pentru semnarea un contract) dust s. praf ~ allowance - primă de muncă condiţii de praf (la descârcan cerealelor, a cimentului etc.) ~ damage - contaminare cu praf mârfurilor) Dutch adj. olandez ~ auction - licitaţie olandeză (licitd^ la care se coboarâ preţul până , găseşte un ctimpărător) ~ bargain - afacere olandeză (m ca una din pârţi obţine toate avantajele) dutiable adj. supus taxelor vamal impozabil duty s. 1. datorie, atribuţie ( serviciu) 1. impozit, taxă; taxă vamali ~ -free - scutit de taxe vamale ~ -free importation - import cu scuti de taxe vamale ~ -free shop - magazin cu mărfi scutite de taxe vamale ~ -paid - vămuit, cu taxele vama achitate ~ -paid entry - declaraţie penl achitarea taxelor vamale ~ -paid price - preţ ce include tax« vamale ~ -unpaid - nevâmuit, cu tax< vamale neachitate

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E early adj. întâi, prim; timpuriu adj. devreme ~ closing day - zi cu program scurt (cînd magazinele sunt închise după- -amia.T.d) ~ vegetables - legume timpurii, trufandale ~ warning system - (fin.) sistem de prevenire timpurie (sistem de îdentificare a instituţiilor financiare care pot dafaliment) earmark v.t. l.a marca (cu un semn distinctiv) 2. a aloca (resurse, fondurî) earn v.t. a cîştiga (prin munca} v.i. 1. a cîştiga bani prin muncâ; a face o muncă productivă earned adj. cîştigat (prin munca) ~ income -venit din salariu; venit din activitatea curentă ~ surplus - profit reţinut/nedistribuit (acţionarilor cu scopul formârii de fonduri de investiţii) earner .s'.persoană care cîştigă bani (prin inuncă); salariat earnest s. acont, avans; garantie ~ money - acont, avans earnings s.pl. 1. salariu 2. profit, cîştig ~ after taxes - profit după impozitare ~ available for commons - câştiguri disponibile pentru acţiunile comune ~ basis - baza profitului (folositâ la calcularea impozituluî) before taxes - profit înainte impozitare ~ of management - salariu pentru management (cuvenit proprietarului

uneifirme atunci cînd asigură el însuşi managementul acesteid) ~ per share - câştiguri pe acţiune ~ - related pensions - pensii raportate la salarii ~ statement - declaraţie de venituri ~ yield - randamentul profitului (raportul dintre profitul net distribuibil şi valoarea totală a acţiunilor comune la cursul pieţeî) ease (bur.) v.z.(off, up) a se reduce, a se atenua, a se micşora easement s. (dr.) servitute easy adj. 1. uşor, simplu, facil 2. înstărit, avut 3. care nu are căutare; ieftin (despre o marfa) 4. avantajos, favorabil ~ market - piaţă calmă ~ money - credit ieftin (cu dobândă scăzutâ) ~ payment - facilităţi de plată ~ terms - contract de vânzare în rate; facilităţi de plată econometrician s. econometrician econometrics s. econometrie economic adj. economic ~ adaptiveness - flexibilitate econo- mică ~ adviser - consilier economic ~ assistance - ajutor economic ~ batch/lot quantity - cantitate economic comandată pe lot ~ cost - cost economic (din perspectiva economistuluî) ~ crisis - criză economică ~ cycle - ciclu economic

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110 ECO-d~ development - dezvoltare econo- mică ~ flow - flux economic ~ fluctuations - fluctuaţii economice ~ geography - geografie economică ~ goods - bunuri economice ~ growth - creştere economică ~ history - istorie economică ~ imperialism - imperialism economic ~ indicators - indicatori economici ~ law - lege economicâ ~ man - omul economic, homo oeconomicus ~ ordering quantity - cantitate economic comandată (cantitate optimă a stocurilor care trebuie comandată) ~ planning - planificare economică ~ policy - politică economică ~ profit - profit net ~ recovery - redresare economică ~ rent - rentă economică ~ sanctions - sancţiuni economice ~ self - sufficiency - autarhie, independenţă economică ~ space - spaţiu economic ~ system - sistem economic ~ trends - tendinţe economice ~ union - uniune economică ~ value - valoare economică ~ warfare - război economic economical adj. 1. econom, chibzuit 2. economic economics s. ştiinţe economice, economie economist s. economist economize v.t. 1. a economisi 2. a valorifica v.i. a face economii; a reduce cheltuielile economy s. 1. economie; economisire 2. sistem economic; structură, organizare

~ class - clasa economică (cu cel ii scăzut confort în transporturile aeriS şi maritime de pasageri) economies of scale - economii 1 scară (creşterea cantităţii de bum sau servicii produse determi scăderea costului unitar) economies of scope - economii < gamă {diversificarea gamei de bum sau servicii oferite determină scâder costului unitar) editor s. 1. redactor-şef (de zia editorialist 2. editor (de carte) ~ - in-chief - redactor-şef; editoria}isl editorial adj. editorial; redacţional editorial ~ board - comitet de redacţie ~ office - redacţie ~ staff - colectiv de redacţie editorialist s. editorialist editorship s. conducere redacţională effects.l. efect, consecinţă, urmare efect, vigoare (a unei le-gî) 3. sc( obiectiv 4. cuprins, conţinut; sens 5. J 'efecte; bunuri, avere v.t. a efectua, realiza ~ s not cleared - fond necompen! (formulâ pe un cec) to come into ~ - a intra m vigoare effective adj. 1. eficace, util 2. efect real 3. activ, valabil, în vigoare (desf o lege) s.pl. lichidităţi, numerar ~ cover - acoperire efectivă / re, (campanie publicitară care reia de < puţinpatru ori un mesaj publicitar) ~ date - data intrării în vigoare ~ demand - cerere reală ~ load - încărcătură utilă/netă ~ money - numerar ~ output - producţie efectivă ~ payload - sarcină utilă/efectivă

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EFF-EME 111 ~ rate of interest - rata efectivă a dobânzii ~ value - valoare efectivă/reală ~ weight - încărcătură/sarcină efectivă to become ~ - a intra în vigoare effectual adj. 1. eficace, util 2. valabil, în vigoare (despre un contract) effectualness s. 1. eficacitate, utilitate 2. valabilitate, validitate efficiency s. 1. eficienţâ, eficacitate; operativitate 2. pregătire, calificare; capacitate de muncă 3. randament, productivitate ~ bonus - primă de eficienţă ~ of capital - randament al capitalului ~ of utilization - randament efficient adj. 1. eficient, eficace; operativ 2. capabil, competent; experimentat 3. productiv, care dă randament ~ frontier - (fin.) frontiera eficienţei {indicatorii cei mai favorabili din punctul de vedere al riscului şi al rentabilităţii) ~ portfolio - (fin.) portofoliu eficient (de pe frontiera eficienţei) efflux s. scurgere (a capitalului) elastic adj. elastic, flexibil ~ demand - cerere elastică elasticity s. elasticitate, flexibilitate (a cererii etc.) elect v.t. 1. a alege, a vota 2. a numi {într-o funcţie) adj. ales, votat; desemnat electronic adj. electronic

banking - activitate bancară electronică

data interchange - transfer electronic de date ~ funds transfer - transfer electronic de fonduri

~ mail - poştă electronică ~ point of sale - punct electronic de vânzare eleemosynary adj. filantropic, carita- bil, de binefacere eligible adj. 1. eligibil 2. acceptabil, admisibil ~ liabilities - pasive accepiabile (utilizate pentru a calcula Uchidităţile uneibâncî) ~ paper - efect de comerţ acceptabil (pentru reescontare la banca centraîâ) embale v.t. a ambala, a împacheta embargo s. embargo v.t. a institui un embargo asupra/pe to lay an ~ on/upon - a institui/a pune un embargo pe embark v.t.,v.i. a (se) îmbarca embarkation s. îmbarcare (pe o navă) ~ notive - aviz de îmbarcare ~ order - ordin de îmbarcare embarrassed adj. m jenâ financiară; cu datorii

estate - proprietate ipotecată embarrassment s. jenă financiară, dificultăţi financiare embassy s. ambasadă embezzle v.t. a delapida, a detuma (fondurî) embezzlement s. 1. delapidare, detumare {de fonduri) 2. sumă delapidată embezzler s. delapidator emboss v.t.l. a imprima (prin apăsare cu sigiliul, ştampild) 2. a bate (monedă) emend v.t. a amenda, a îmbunătăţi (un text) emendate v. emend emergency s. eventualitate; caz neprevăzut; urgenţă ~ measures - măsuri de urgenţă

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112 EME-EMP ~ reserves - fonduri de rezervă pentm cheltuieli neprevăzute/urgente (la o banca) ~ tax - impozit extraordinar emission s. emisiune (de bancnote) emolument s. remuneraţie, indemni-zaţie employ s. slujbâ, serviciu v.t. 1. a folosi, a întrebuinţa 2. a angaja, a da de lucru employable adj. 1. care poate fi folosit/întrebuinţat 2. capabiVapt de muncâ employee s. salariat ~ benefit plan - plan de beneficii al salariaţilor (participare la profit, pensii, asigurări de sanătate etc.) ~ buyout - cumpărare a pachetului majoritar de acţiuni ale unei firme de către salariatii acesteia ~ counselling - activitate de consilier în problemele salariaţilor ~ involvement - (man.) participare a salariaţilor (tennen general pentru a defini modalităţile prin care angajaţii pot participa la conducerea societâţii în care lucrează'); cointeresare finan-ciară a salariaţilor (in performanţele societăţii în care lucreazâ) ~ participation - (man.) participare a salariaţilor (termen general pentru a defini modalităţile prin care angajaţii pot participa la conducerea societâţii în care lucrează) ~ relations - relaţii cu salariaţii

representation - reprezentare sindicală/a salariaţilor ~ s'amenities - înlesniri/comodităti pentru salariaţi (transport gratuit, bonificaţii etc.)

~ share option - participare opţionalâ a salariaţilor (metodâ prin care li se oferâ angajaţilor unei societâţi posibilitatea de a cumpăra acţiuni ale fespectivei firme la un preţ mai scăzut decât cursul pieţeî} ~ share/stock ownership plan - plan de vânzare de acţiuni salariaţilor unei firme ~ shareholding - (fnan.) deţinere de acţiuni de către salariaţi {recompen-sarea salariaţilor cu acţiunî) ~ turnover - fluctuaţie a numărului de salariaţi employer s. 1. întreprinzător, antre-prenor 2. patron ~ s' liability policy - poliţă de asigurare pentru răspunderea patronilor în caz de accidente de muncă ~ s' organization - sindicat patronal employment s. 1. folosire, întrebu-inţare 2. serviciu, ocupaţie; angajare ~ agency/bureau - oficiul forţelor de muncă, agenţie de plasare ~ contract - contract de angajare ~ discrimination - discriminare a fortei de muncă ~ exchange - birou de plasare ~ protection - protecţia locurilor de muncă {legislaţia referîtoare la păstrarea locurilor de munca) ~ report - {man.) raport (social) asupra locurilor de muncă emporium s. 1. centru comercial 2. magazin universal empower v.t. aîmputemici, a autoriza empty adj. gol; neocupat; neîncărcat ~ haul - parcurs gol / fară încărcâtură ~ nesters - singuri în cuib (familii an căror copii „şi-au luat zborul din cuib", stabilindu-se la propria lor

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EMP-ENG 113 casă; reprezintâ un segment interesant depiaţă) enabling adj. care permite / •

împutemiceşte payment - (man.) plată /

indemnizaţie pentru cointeresare / stimulare (acordatâ conducerii unei societăţi) enact v.t. 1. a legifera; a promulga, a adopta (o lege) 1. a decreta, a hotărî enactment s. 1. legiferare; promulgare, adoptare (a unei legi) 2. decret; ordonanţă 3. pl. prevederi (ale unei legi) encase v.t. a ambala (în lăzi, cutiî) encasement s. 1. ambalare (in lâzi, cutiî) 2. ambalaj encash v.t. a încasa (un cec) enclose v.t. a anexa, a alâtura (intr-un plic) encumber v.t. a greva encumbrance s. datorie; sarcinâ; ipotecă encumbrancer s. creditor ipotecar end s. 1. sfârşit, terminare; expirare 2. obiectiv, scop v.t., v.i. a (se) sfârşi, a (se) termina ~ game - (man.) joc final (straîegia finală adoptatâ pentru un produs sau o unitate economică) ~of a risk - (asig.) terminare a unui risc ~ - of - season sale - vânzare / soldare/ la sfârşit de sezon ~ product - produs final / fin^ ~ use - utilizare finală (utilizarea unui produs de către beneficiar) ~ -user - utilizator final, beneficiar, consumator endorsable adj. andosabil

endorse v.t. 1. a andosa (un efect de comerf) 2. a semna pe verso 3. (over) a transmite prin andosare endorsee s. andosatar endorsement s. andosare (a unui efect de comerţ) ~ in blank - andosare în alb ~ in full - andosare completă endorser s. andosant endow v.t. 1. a înzestra, a dota 2. a lăsa ca moştenire endowment s. 1. înzestrare, dotare 2. fdndaţie, aşezământ ~ capital - capital de dotare (capital social pus la dispoziţia unei sucursale de societatea-mamă) ~ mortgage - ipotecă asiguratorie '- of life insurance policy - dobândire a unei poliţe de asigurare de viaţă (tip de contract de asigurare) enforce v.î. 1. a aplica (o lege} 2. a executa (o garanţie) enforceability s. (dr.) posibilitate de aplicare (a unei legî) enforceable adj. (dr.) executoriu ~ contract - contract executoriu ~ judgement - hotărâre judecătorească executorie enforcement s. 1. aplicare (a unei legi) 2. executare (a unei garanţiî) engineer s. 1. inginer 2. mecanic, maşinist v.t. a construi; a proiecta engineering s. 1. inginerie tehnicâ; tehnologie 2. industria constructiilor de maşini ~ department - serviciu tehnic ~ education - învăţământ tehnic ~ insurance - (asig.) asigurare pentru sectorul tehnic ~ standards - standarde tehnice

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114 ENG-EQU ~ works - uzină constmctoare de maşini engross v.t. 1. a copia; a redacta {un document) 2. a acapara, a monopoliza (piaţa) enter v.t. 1. a intra în 2. a înscrie, a înregistra 3. a depune (o declaraţie vamaîă), a înainta (im protest etc.) 4. a încheia (o convenţie) v.i. 1. (into) a stabili legături cu; a deveni parte (la o afacere) 1. (upon) a intra în posesia to ~ inwards - a depune declaraţia vamală de intrare to ~ outwards - a depune declaraţia vamală de plecare enterprise s. 1. spirit întreprinzător, iniţiativă 2. întreprindere, antreprizâ 3. fabrică, uzină ~ management - gestiunea întreprin- derii ~ zone - zonă de dezvoltare entertainment s. distracţie, amuza- ment; ospitalitate (pentru clienţi şi parteneri, în interes de afacerz) ~ allowance - (man.) indemnizaţie de reprezentare ~ expenses - cheltuieli de reprezentare ~ shares - actiuni ale societăţilor din industria distracţiilor / spectacolelor (cinema, televiziune, teatru) entrance s. 1. intrare 2. (dr.) intrare în posesie ~ duty - taxă vamală de import ~ fee - cotizaţie de înscriere {intr-o asociaţie) ~ visa - vizâ de intrare entrepot s. antrepozit; d&pozit {de tranzit) ~ port - port de transbordare ~ trade - comert de tranzit; reexport ~ warehouse - depozit de tranzit

entrepreneur s. antreprenor entruck v.t. a încărca într-un camion entrust v.t. a încredinţa; a însărcina entry s. 1. intrare 2. înregistrare,' înscriere; declaratie vamalâ 3. articol contabil 4. (dr.) intrare în posesie ~ inwards - declaraţie vamală de intrare / sosire ~ of goods - declarare a mărfurilor (la vamă); înregistrare, intrare ~ outwards - declaratie vamală de plecare ~ visa - viză de intrare ~ environment s. mediu înconjurător environmental adj. ambiant; ecologic ~ audit - audit ecologic ~ design - design de mediu (designul fabricilor şi al clâdirilor administra- tive) ~ liability - obligativitatea de protectie a mediului înconjurător ~ scanning - studiu de mediu {analiza mediului economic pentru identificarea oportunităţilor de marketing) environmentalist s. ecolog envoy s. trimis (diplomatic); repre- zentant

extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary - trimis extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar equal adj. egal v.t. a egala, a fi egal cu ~ opportunities - şanse egale (pe piaţa muncii) ~ pay - salariu egal equalitarianism s. egalitarism, princi-pii egalitare equality s. egalitate ~ of rights - egalitate în drepturi ~ of sacrifice - egalitatea sacrificiului (fn teoria impozităriî)

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EQU-ESS 115 equalization s. egalizare; regularizare; compensare - fund - fond de regularizare / compensare valutară equalize v.t. a egaliza; a regulariza; a compensa (fondul valutar) equate v.t. a egala, a egaliza equation s. egalare, egalizare ~ of payments - scadenţă comună (a mai multor titluri de valoare.) equilibrium s. echilibru ~ price - preţ de echilibru equip v.t. a echipa, a dota; a utila equipment s. 1. echipament; utilaj; instalatii 2. (c./) material rulant ~ leasing - leasing de echipament equitable adj. echitabil ~ lien - drept de retenţie echitabil ~ mortgage - ipotecă echitabilă (ipotecă neînscrisă pentru garantarea unui credit) ~ tax - impozit echitabil / progresiv equity s. 1. echitate 2. (dr.) drept natural 3. capital propriu, capitalul acţionarilor (definători de acţiuni comune) 4. pl. titluri de valoare (care reprezintă capitalul propriu) 5. valoare a unei proprietăţi imobiliare (minus suma ipotecilor) ~ capital - capital propriu ~ fund - fond mutual cu plasamente în acţiimi comune ~ -linked policy - poliţă de asigurare de viaţă condiţionată de profitul acţiunilor comune (pepiaţa bursierâ) ~ of a company - capitalul acţionarilor (deţinători de acţiuni comune)

of redemptitfn - drept de răscumpărare (al unui bun ipotecat) ~ of taxation - echitate a impozitării ~ shares - actiuni comune

~ • to - Hxed assets ratio - raportul capital propriu - active fixe ergonometrics ^.ergonometrie ergonomics s. ergonomie erosion s. 1. eroziune (a solului) 2. eroziune (a capitalului) errand s. comision ~ boy - curier; comisionar error s. eroare, greşeală ~s and omissions excepted - erorile şi omisiunile sunt exceptate (formulă pe o facturâ) escalate v.i. a creşte, a spori escalator s. escalator, scarâ rulantă ~ bond - obligaţiune cu dobândă variabilă ~ clause - clauza salariilor variabile; (com.) clauza variaţiei preţurilor contractuale escape s. degrevare v.t. a degreva ~ clause - (dr.) clauza degrevării (de o obligaţie contractuală); (com.) clauză de salvare / siguranţă (prevedere a unui acord comercial care îi permite unei ţări semnatare sâ suspende concesiile vamale acordate atunci când nivelul importurilor afecteazâ grav producţia intemâ); (fin.) clauzâ de evadare (într-un conîract de subscriere, care îi permite bâncii de investiţii să se elibereze de râspunderea de a cumpăra şi distribui acţiunile companiei) escrow s. (dr.) angajament scris (depus în custodia unei terţe persoane care acţionează conform uneî înţelegeri prealabile) essence s. esenţă, fond ~ of a contract - esenţa unui contract essential adj. esenţial; indispensabil s. pl. articole de primâ / strictă necesitate ~ data - date esenţiale

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116 ES; ~ goods - mărîuri de primă necesitate establish v.t. 1. a stabili {relaţiî) 2. a fonda, a înfiinţa (o societate) 3. a institui (o taxă) 4. a instala, a numi (intr-o funcţie) to ~ oneself in business - a se lansa în afaceri establishment s. 1. stabilire 2. fondare, înfîmţare (a unei societăţî) 3. instituţie; sediu; întreprindere 4. schemâ (de personal) 5. venit; salariu ~ charges - cheltuieli generale estate s. 1. clasă socială; stare / poziţie socială 2. avere, bunuri; patrimoniu 3. proprietate funciară ~ agency / offîce - agenţie imobiliară ~ agent - agent imobiliar ~ duty / tax - impozit succesoral / pe moştenire

free from encumbrances proprietate liberă de sarcini / neipotecată ~ in tail - proprietate cu drept de moştenire limitat ~ manager - administrator funciar estimate s. 1. estimare, evaluare 2. sumă sau cantitate evaluată 3. deviz 4. pl. proiect de buget v.t. a estima, a evalua v.i. a alcătui un deviz ~ of costs - deviz estimativ ~ of the risk - (asig.) evaluare a riscului estimative adj. estimativ ~ cost - cost estimativ / după deviz estimator s. estimator, preţuitor, calculator ethical adj. etic, moral ~ advertising - publicitate etică ~ goods - produse (medicale) etice ~ investment - investiţie etică

euro s. euro (unitate mone europeană) Eurobond s. euroobligaţiune Eurocapital s. eurocapital Eurocard s. eurocard Eurocheque s. eurocec Eurocrat s. eurocrat (funcţionai organismelor europene) Eurocurrency s. eurovalută Eurodollar s. eurodolar Euromarket s. europiaţă Euromoney v. Eurocurrency European adj. european ~ Currency Unit - unitate mon< europeană ~ option - (bur.) opţiune europ {carepoatefi exercitată de cumpca numai la sfârşitul exerciţiului) Europort s. europort Eurosterling s. euroliră (sterlinâ) evade v.t. a eluda, a evita; a se susl de la {îndeplinirea obligaţiilor, { impozitelor etc.) evaluate v.t. a evalua, a estima evasion s. evaziune ~ of tax - evaziune fiscală even adj. 1. egal 2. par, cu sc lichidat, încheiat (despre socoteli întreg, rotund (despre sume de 1 v.t. (up) a balansa (un conf) ~ deal - operaţie fară profit pierdere ~ money - sumă rotundâ to break ~ - a atinge pl rentabilitătii \ evict (rfr.) v.t. 1. a evacua 2. a rec« legal eviction (dr.) s. 1. evacuare 2, reu( în posesie , ex prep. 1. (bur„ fin.) faî-ă 2. (< (yânduf) din (despre mdrfwî) \

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EX-EXC in

- all - fară profit - bond - vămuit - bonus / capitalization / scrip - fară capitalizare ~ claim / new / rights - fără drepturi (preferenţiale la o nouă emisiune de acţiuni) ~ coupon - fară cupon ~ dividend - fâră dividend ~ dock / quay / wharf - din doc / chei ~ factory / mill / works - din uzină ~ interest - fărâ dobândâ ~ ship - din navâ (in portul de livrare) ~ warehouse - din depozit exact adj. exact v.t. a cere, a reclama (plata unei taxe etc.) exactable adj. exigibil (despre un impozif) exacter s. încasator (de impozite)', agent fiscal exaction s. 1. cerere, pretenţie (de bani etc.) 2. pretentie nelegală (de bani)', impunere (fiscală) nejustificată exactor v. exacter exceed v.t. a depăşi (un îermen etc.) except prep. cu excepţia, în afară de v.t. a excepta, a exclude exception s. 1. excepţie 2. (dr.) rezervă, excepţiune ~ principle - principiul excepţiei, management prin eliminare (reţinerea aspectelor critice în deîrimentul celor neesenţiale de către manager) exceptional adj. excepţional ~ clause - clauză excepţională ~ items - (cont.) articole excepţionale excess s. exces, excedent, surplus adj. excesiv, excedentar ~ capacity - capacitate excedentară

- CMk flow - flux de numerar suptnnextfar (pe care o societate îl pocae ckdtmpentru dezvoltare) ~ clause - (asig.) clauza surplusului (prin care prana parte a daunei este suportată de asigurat} ~ demand - cerere excedentarâ ~ fare - (c.f.) supliment de bilet ~ freight - (mar.) navlu excesiv ~ of assets over liabilities - excedent al activului faţâ de pasiv ~ offer - ofertă excedentară ~ of free board - (mar.) surplus de bord liber ~ price - suprapreţ ~ profit - supraprofit ~ profits tax - impozit pe supraprofit ~ reserves - rezerve excedentare (ale uneibăncî) ~ retention tax - impozit pe profitul excedentar nedistribuit (impozit pe dividendele nedistribuite primite de o societate de investiţii financiare) ~ shares - acţiuni excedentare (acţiuni preferenţiale necumpârate la emisiune de acţionarii existenţî} ~ ticket - (c.f.) supliment pentru diferenţa de clasă ~ weight - surplus de greutate exchange s. 1. schimb 2. bursâ v.t. (for) a schimba (pe, pentru) v.i. (for) a avea valoarea de, a valora {despre banî) ~ arbitrage - arbitraj valutar ~ at parity - schimb la paritate ~ broker / dealer - agent de schimb valutar ~ clause - clauzâ valutară ~ contract - borderou de schimb valutar

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118 EXC-EXE ~ control - reglementare a schimbului valutar ~ department - serviciu valutar ~ economy - economie de schimb ~ equalization fund - fond de regularizare a schimbului valutar ~ fluctuations - fluctuaţii ale cursului ~ for forward / future delivery - operaţii de schimb la termen ~ for spot delivery - operatii de schimb în numerar ~ fund - fond .mutual de schimb (al titlurilor de valoare deţinute de investitori pentru acţiuni în fondul respectiv) ~ jobber - intermediar de schimburi valutare ~ law - drept de schimb; drept cambial ~ market - piaţa devizelor ~ office - birou de schimb valutar ~ of ratifications - schimb de instrumente de ratificare ~ of shares - schimb / transfer de actiuni (intre douâ sau mai multe companii care fuzionează) ~ order - ordin de bursă ~ parity - paritate de schimb ~ premium - (fin.) agio ~ quotations - cotaţii bursiere ~ rate - rată de schimb ~ rate exposure - expunere la riscul fluctuaţiei unei valute, risc valutar ~ rate mechanism - mecanismul ratei de schimb ~ ratio - rată de schimb (inîr-o fuziune, numărul de acţiuni pe care socîetatea achizitoare trebuie să îe dea pentru fiecare acţiune a firmei-ţintă) ~ restrictions - restdcţii valutare ~ risk - risc de schimb, risc valutar ~ value - valoare de schimb

exchangeability s. posibilitate de schimb exchangeable adj. care poate fi schimbat; de schimb ~ value - valoare de schimb exchanger s. agent de schimb valutar exchequer s. trezorerie excisable s. impozabil ~ goods - mărfuri supuse accizelor excise s. 1. acciz 2. organ însărcinat cu colectarea accizelor v.t. a impune plata accizelor ~ duty / tax - acciz ~ permit - certificat de plată a accizelor exciseman s. accizar, agent de colectare a accizelor excited adj. (bur.) agitat, foarte activ (despre piaţâ) exclusive adj. exclusiv; unic ~ agent - reprezentant unic ~ economic zone - zonă economică exclusivă (in largul coastei maritime aparţinând unei ţâri) ~ jurisdiction -jurisdicţie exclusivă ~ right - drept exclusiv ~ sales agreement - acord exclusiv de vânzări (intre furnizor şi comerciantul locat) execute v.t. 1. a executa, a îndeplini {un contract) 1. a aplica (o lege) 3. a sancţiona, a valida (un act, o lege) execution s. 1. executare, îndeplinire (a unui contract) 1. (dr.) sancţionare, validare 3. (dr.) sechestru executor ~ creditor - creditor în favoarea cămia s-a dat o sentinţă executorie executive s. 1. organ executiv; conducere 2. director, administrator (al unei fîrme) adj. 1. executiv 2. administrativ

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EXE-EXP 119 - agreement (SUA) acord prezidenţial (incheiat de preşedinte cu un stat străin, care nu necesită aprobarea senatuluî} ~ authority - putere executivă ~ body - organ executiv ~ committee - comitet executiv ~ director / manager - director executiv ~ offîcer - funcţionar superior ~ order - decret-lege executor s. 1. executant 2. executor testamentar 3. agentjudecătoresc ~ 's year - (dr.) anul executorului (perioada de un an în care executorul trebuie sâ execute testamentul) executory adj. 1. executiv 2. (dr.) executoriu ~ consideration - compensaţie / contraprestaţie executorie ~ contract - contract executoriu ~ trust - tutelă executorie exemplary adj. exemplar ~ damages - (dr.) daune exemplare / agravate / punitive exempt adj. scutit; absolvit s. persoană scutită de impozite etc. v.t. a scuti ~ from taxation - scutit de impunere ~ personnel - personal care nu beneficiază de vechimea în muncă; personal care nu are dreptul la ore suplimentare exemption s. scutire; absolvire ~ clause - clauzâ de exonerare (de răspundere în cazul încălcârii obligaţiilor contractuale) exercise s. exercitiu, exercitare v.t. a exercita ~ price - (bur.) preţ de exerciţiu {cursul la care cumpărătorul unei opţiuni de cumpârare sau vânzare

poate dobândi sau ceda activul în cauzâ) exhaust v.t. a epuiza (resurse, fonduri etc.) exhibit s. exponat v.t. a expune, a prezenta exhibition s. 1. expunere, prezentare 2. expoziţie; târg de mostre ~ room - sală de expoziţie ~ stand - stand expoziţional exhibitor s. expozant existing adj. existent, actual ~ -use value - valoare în uz (yaloarea unui teren sau a unei clădiri pe piaţă dacâ se pâstrează aceeaşi destinaţie şi aceleaşi dotări ca în momentul vinderiî) exonerate v.t. a exonera exoneration s. exonerare ~ clause - clauză de exonerare expand v.t., v.i. a (se) extinde, a (se) dezvolta expansion s. expansiune, dezvoltare expatriate s. expatriat (persoană trimisâ de firma unde este angajat sâ lucreze în străinătate) expectancy s. (man.) expectativă, aşteptare {nivel al efortului pe care un salariat considerâ că trebuie să-l depună pentru a-şi îndeplini sarcinile şi obiectivele de lucru) expectation s. 1. expectativă, aşteptare 2. pl. aşteptări, perspective (in economie) ~ of life - durata medie de viaţă expel v.t. a exclude (dintr-o organi- zaţie) expendv.r. acheltui expendable adj. consumabil; nerecupe- rabil expenditure s. cheltuială; cheltuieli

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120 EXP ~ capital plan - plan / program de investiţii ~ tax - impozit pe consum expense 5. 1. cheltuială 2. pl. cheltuieli constante (ale unei întreprinderi) ~ account - decont ~ ratio - (asig., com.) rata cheltuielilor (raportul dintre cheltuieli şi volumul vânzârilor / profituluî) expensive adj. scump expensiveness s. scumpete; preţuri ridicate expert adj., s. expert ~ advice / opinion - aviz competent ~'s findings - concluzii ale expertului ~'s report - raport al specialistului, expertiză ~ workman - lucrător specialist expertise s. expertiză expiration s. expirare (a unui temien) expire v.i. a expira expiry v. expiration exploit v.t. a exploata {un zăcământ) exploitation s. exploatare ~ engineer - inginer de exploatare exploration s. explorare, prospecţiune ~ boring / drilling - foraj de prospecţiune ~ lease - perimetru de explorare ~ licence - concesiune / licenţă de prospecţiune (pentru descoperirea zăcămintelor de hidrocarburi) ~ work - lucrări de prospecţiune explore v.t. a explora, a prospecta export s. 1. export; exportare 2. articol de export 3. pl. exporturi, total al exportului v.t. a exporta ~ agent / merchant - agent de export ~ bonus / bounty - primă de export ~ commission agent - comisionar de export

~ credit - credit la export ~ credit agency - agenţie de garantare a creditelor de export ~ credit insurance - asigurare a creditelor de export ~ documents - documente de export ~ duty - taxă de export ~ house - firmă de export ~ incentives - stimulente / facilităţi pentru export ~ invoice - factură de expediţie ~ licence - licenţă de export ~ list - listă a mărfurilor de export ~ manager - director al departamen- tului de export ~ packing - ambalaj de export ~ permit - autorizaţie de export ~ price - preţ de export ~ quota - cotâ de export ~ restrictions - restricţii la export ~ sales - valoare a exporturilor ~ specification - declaraţie de export ~ subsidy - subvenţie de export ~ -tax relief - reducere a impozitului pe profitul obtinut la export ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj al navelor destinate exportului ~ trade - comert de export exporter s. exportator ~s declarations - declaraţii vamale / ale exportatorilor exporting adj. exportator ~ country - ţară exportatoare express adj. 1. expres, formal 2. expres, special 3. expres, accelerat s. 1. tren expres 2. expres, expediere rapidă (a unei scrisorî) 3. (SUA) expediere prin mesagerie adv. expres; cu expresul v.t. 1. a exprima, a formula 2. a trimite cu trenul expres 3. a expedia urgent (p

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EXP-EXT 121 scrisoare) 4. (SUA) a expedia prin mesagerie ~ agreement - acord expres ~ company - companie de mesagerie ~ delivery - livrare expresă / rapidă ~ goods - mârfuri de mare viteză ~ mail - poştă rapidă ~ parcel - colet expres ~ service - serviciu expres ~ train - tren expres ~ trust - împutemicire expresă ~ warranties - garanţii exprese; clauze exprese expressage s. (SUA) 1. serviciu de mesagerie 2. taxă de mesagerie expressman 5. (SUA) agent al unei companii de mesagerie expressway s. (SUA) autostradă expropriate v.t. a expropria expropriation s. expropriere ~ zone - zonă de expropriere extend v.t. 1. a extinde 2. a prelungi; a amâna (un termen) 3. a acorda (privilegiî) v. i. a se extinde extendible adj. extensibil ~ bond - obligaţiune extensibilă (obligaţiune pe termen scurt care îi oferâ deţinâtorului opţiunea de a o schimba cu o cantitate similară de datorii pe termen lung, înainte de o datâ specificata) extension 5. 1. extindere; amploare 2. prelungire; amânare (a un^ termen) ~ of demand - extindere a cererii (ca urmare a scăderii preţurilor) extensive adj. extensiv ~ agriculture - agricultură extensivă extent s. 1. extindere, întindere 2. măsură, grad 3. (dr.) evaluare (a unei averi funciare) ~ of business - volum de afaceri

~ of the damage - grad de avarie external adj. extem, exterior ~ audit - audit extem (efecîuat de specialişti din afara instituţieî) ~ bill - (SUA) cambie extemă (emisă într-o ţarâ şiplătibilâ în altd) ~ convertibility - convertibilitate extemă ~ debt - datorie extemă

deficit - deflcit al balanţei comerciale ~ economies - economii exteme de scară (care vizeazâ o întreagâ ramură industrială) ~ financial statement - (conî.) situaţie financiară extemâ ~ liabilities - datorii exteme (datorii ale unei societâţi câtre instituţii sau persoane, altele decât acţionarii ei) ~ loan - împrumut extem ~ payments - plăti exteme

surplus - balanţă de plăţi excedentară ~ trade - comerţ exterior extinguish v.t. a stinge, a achita (o datorie) extort v.t. a extorca extortion s. extorcare extra adj. 1. suplimentar, aditional, extra 2. de calitate suplimentară, extra s. 1. plată suplimentară; pl. cheltuieli suplimentare 2. calitate superioară 3. ediţie specială (a unui ziar) adv. în plus, suplimentar ~ allowance / discount - bonificaţie suplimentară / specială ~ charge - supliment de preţ; suprataxă ~ cost - cost suplimentar / marginal ~ dividend - dividend suplimentar ~ freight - (mar.) navlu suplimentar

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"1

_122__________________________________________________EX|

~ pay - spor de salariu; plată extractive adj. extractiv i suplimentară ~ industry - industria extractivă 1

premium - (asig.) primă extraordinary adj. extraordinar suplimentară ~ expenses - cheltuieli extraordinare ~ price - preţ special; preţ suplimentar ~ general meeting - adunarea generali ~ profit - profit suplimentar extraordinară (a acţionariîor) ~ risk - (asig.) risc special / ~ items - (cont.) articole extraordinarc suplimentar ~ reserve - rezervă extraordinară (a ~ weight - greutate suplimentară, unei băncî) supragreutate extrinsic adj. extrinsec, extem ~ work - ore suplimentare ~ value - valoare extrinsecă extract s. extras ~ of account - extras de cont

ft

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F fabricate v.t. 1. a produce, a fabrica; a prefabrica 2. a falsifica (M?I document) face ^. faţă ~ lift - cosmetizare (a unui magazin, a ambalajului unui produs, a unei situaţii financiare) ~ value - (fin.) valoare nominală facilitate v.t. 1. a facilita, a uşura 2. a promova, a încuraja facilities s. pl. facihtăti, înlesniri; privilegii, avantaje ~ for payment - facilităţi de plată facsimile s. facsimil v.t. a reproduce în facsimil ~ signature - facsimil de semnătură ~ stamp - facsimil de sigiliu factor s. 1. agent mijlocitor, intermediar; comisionar 2. (SUA) finnă de factoring (societate financiarâ care acordă împrumuturi garantate prin creanţe} 3. factor ~ analysis - analiză factorială ~ analysis chart technique - tehnica diagramelor de analiză factorială ~ comparison method - metoda comparării factorilor (in evaluarea unei activităţi) ~ cost - cost al factorilor de producţie ~ market - piaţa factorilor de producţie ~ of safety - coeficient de siguranţă ~ price - preţ al factorilor de productie ~ s of production - factori de producţie

factorage s. 1. intermediere (a unei afaceri, a unei tranzacţiî) 2. comision (de intermediere) factoring s. factoring {metodâ de fînanţare a efectelor de comerţ de încasat prin care o firmă vinde creanţele unei societăţi definanţare) factory s. fabrică; uzinâ ~ cost - preţ de cost/fabrică; cheltuieli de productie ~ expenses/overheads - cheltuieli generale/de regie ~ farm - fermă industrială ~ hand - muncitor industrial ~ -made goods - mărfuri de fabrică/industriale ~ price - preţ de fabrică ~ process - procedeu/metodă de fabricaţie ~ railway - cale ferată uzinală ~ sale - vânzare din fabrică ~ ship/vessel - navă-uzină (pentru prelucrarea peştelui la bord) facultative adj. facultativ ~ endorsement - andosare facultativă ~ reinsurance - reasigurare facultativă fail v.i. 1. a da faliment 2. a fi sub aşteptări, a nu corespunde aşteptărilor (despre o recoltă) failure s. 1. faliment 2. nereuşită, eşec 3. lipsă; insuficienţă 4. pierdere, pagubâ 5. avarie, pană ~ of electricity - pană de curent ~ of the crops - recolte proaste ~ to pay - neplatâ

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124 FAI-FAM fair s. 1. târg; bâlci, iarmaroc 2. expoziţie (de mostre) 3. bazar (filantropic) adj. cinstit, corect 2. convenabil, acceptabil (despre preţuri) ~ average quality - calitate medie bună (despre grâu) ~ claim - pretenţie rezonabilă ~ competition - concurenţă loială ~ copy - exemplar corectat; copie exactă ~ dealing - comportare corectă (fn afacerf); tranzacţii corecte ~ market value - valoare reală de piaţă ~ price - preţ convenabil ~ quality - calitate acceptabilâ ~ quantity - cantitate suficientă ~ rate of exchange - curs de schimb favorabil ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) acceptabile ~ - trade agreement - (SUA) acord de fixare a preţurilor de revânzare (sistem de vânzare în care preţurile la ultimul consumaîor sunt stabilite de producător) ~ wear and tear - amortizare normală (a unui activfix) ~ yield - randament bun to make ~ profits - a realiza beneficii normale fairway s. canal/pasâ de navigaţie; şenal fake s. 1. falsificare, contrafacere 2. înşelătorie, escrocherie adj. fals, contrafacut v.t. (up) 1. a falsifica, a contraface 2. a. înşela, a escroca fall s. scădere (a preţului) v.i. 1. (away) a se diminua 2. (back) a scădea din nou (despre preţuri etc.) 3. (back on/upon) a apela la, a căuta un sprijin

în 4. (in) a expira (despre un contract); a ajunge la scadenţă (despre o datorie); a deveni vacant (despre un post) 5. (in with) a fi de acord cu 6. (off) a scădea {despre încasări etc.) 7. (through) a eşua (despre negocieri) ~ - back pay - salariu de subzistenţă to ~ due - a fi scadent to ~ under the hammer - a fi vândut la licitaţie to buy on a ~ a cumpăra într-un moment de scădere (a preţurilor, a cursuîuî) fallow s. teren/ogor necultivat, pârloagă adj. necultivat, înţelenit v.t. a desţeleni

ground/land/soil - teren/ogor necultivat, pâdoagă false adj. 1. fals 2. incorect, inexact ~ colours - (mar.) pavilion naţional fals

entry - înscriere falsă (in documentele vamale) ~ pretences - (dr.) identitate falsă, impostură (pentru încasarea unni cec) falsification s. falsificare ~ of accounts - (cont.) falsificare a conturilor falsifier s. falsificator falsify v.t. afalsifica family s. familie ~ allowance - alocaţie de familie (pentru copii) ~ business - afacere de familie ~ doctor - medic de medicină generală ~ fîrm - asociaţie familială ~ hotel - hotel ieftin pentru familii ~ life cycle - ciclu de viaţă al familiei (divizarea pieţei pe sectoare, în funcţie de cheltuielile ocazionate de structura şi evoluţia în timp afamiliei)

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FAM-FEE 125 ~ planning - planificare familială ~ reunion fare - preţ pentru vizitarea familiei (preţuî unui bilet întors pe o linie aeriană pentru câlâtorii care îşi viziteazâ membri ai familiei dintr-o ţară îndepărtata) famine s. foamete ~ prices - preţuri mari ale alimentelor (datorită lipsei acestora) fancy adj. de calitate superioară; de lux ~ goods - articole de modă; mărfuri de lux fare s. 1. cost al unei călâtorii/curse; bilet 2. călător, pasager 3. mâncare, masă farm s, fermă v.t. 1. a lucra, a cultiva (pâmântul) 1. a arenda, a lua în arendă v.i. a cultiva pământul ~ equipment - utilaj agricol ~ hand - muncitor agricol ~ practices - agrotehnică ~ subsidies - subventii agricole farmer s. 1. fermier 2. arendaş farming s. 1. cultivare a pămânului; agricultură 2. arendare; arendă ~ lease - contract de arendare farmland s. teren agricol farmstead s. fermă (cu toate dependinţele) farmyard v. farmstead fashion s. 1. fel, mod, chip, manieră 2. modă; stil; gen; vogă; 3. croială, fason, formă v.t. a transforma, a schimba; a da o linie nouă ~ designer - creator de modele de rochii ~ goods - mărfuri la modă (mai ales articole de vestimentaţie) ~ magazine -jumal de modâ

~ shares - (bur.) acţiuni la modă (foarte câutate pentru o scurtâ perioadă de timp) ~ show - paradă de modă fashionable adj. la modă; modem fast adj. rapid ~ delivery - livrare rapidă ~ foods - fast foods, alimente pentru consum rapid (alimente special ambalate şi preparate pentru a fl consumate imediat) ~ freight line - (c./) linie/rută de transport de marfa de mare viteză ~ - moving consumer goods - bunuri de consum cu circulaţie rapidă fathom s. braţ/stânjen marin (unitate de măsurâ pentru lungime) fault s. defect; deficienţă ~ detection - defectoscopie ~ detector / finder / locator -defectoscop faulty adj. defectuos, cu defect ~ product - produs cu defect favorable adj. favorabil ~ balance - balanţă (comercialâ, de plâţi) activă / excedentară feasibility s. fezabilitate ~ study/survey - studiu de fezabilitate ~ test - probă de fezabilitate feasible adj. fezabil featherbedding s. 1. acţiune a sindica-telor care se opun concedierilor şi solicită patronatului menţinerea unui personal supradimensionat 2. măsuri guvemamentale de proîejare a eco-nomiei naţionale prin acordarea de subvenţii sau tarife vamale protecţio-niste fee s. 1. retribuţie; onorariu 2. taxă şcolară 3. cotizaţie 4. (dr.) proprietate ereditară v.t. a plăti un onorariu

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126 FEE-F ~ income - venit din comisioane ~ simple - proprietate funciară absolută (cu drept de a o transmite oricărui moştenitor) ~ tail - proprietate funciară limitată (cu drept de a o transmite unei categorii limitate de moştenitorî) feedstock s. materie primă (m industria petrochimicâ) fence s. 1. tăinuitor de lucmri furate 2. loc de păstrare a lucrurilor furate fiat s. decret; ordin, ordonanţă ~ money -monedă fictivâ ~ standard - (fin.) etalon fictiv fictitious adj. fictiv ~ assets - active fictive/nominale ~ name - nume fictiv ~ payee - beneficiar fictiv (al unei plăţi) ~ person - persoană juridică ~ sale - vânzare fictivă fidelity s. fidelitate; onestitate ~ insurance - asigurare (a patronuluî) împotriva pierderilor cauzate de even- tuala lipsă de onestitate a unui angajat; asigurare împotriva nerespectării obli-gaţiilor contractuale fiduciary adj. fiduciar ~ bond - garanţie fiduciară (pentru un administrator fiduciar) ~ circulation - circulaţie fiduciară ~ issue - emisiune fîduciară ~ loan - împrumut fiduciar/negarantat ~ money/note issue - monedă fiduciară ~ responsibility - responsabilitate fiduciară (a administrării unui fond de pensii) ~ standard - etalon fiduciar

fîeld s. 1. teren 2. domeniu < activitate); specialitate adj. 1. de tei 2. agricol ~ agent - agent pentru vânza -cumpărare de terenuri ~ crop - cultură de câmp ~ experiments - experiment/probe scară naturalâ ~ hand - muncitor agricol ~ personnel/staff - personal de teren ~ research - anchetă de teren ~ sales manager - director responsal cu vânzările pe teren ~ warehousing - (fin.) depozitl extemă / pe teren (metodă de finantt a stocurilor prin care acestea si depozitate la sediulfirmei creditoar^ fight s. luptă ~ reaction - (man.) reacţie rezistenţâ/luptă (cauzată de stresul locul de muncă şi manifestată JM combativitate, contraargumente etc.) figure s. 1. cifră, număr 2. preţ v.î. 1 reprezenta (grafic) 2. a exprima cifre; a pune preţul la 3.(m) a incla (costul) 4. (on) a pune la socoteala tine seama de 5. (out) a calcula, estima; a scădea (cifre) 6. (up) a adu a totaliza figureless adj. fărâ cifre ~ accounts - contabilizare fâră ci {bazată pe simboluri, pentru tf conducerii) file s. 1. arhivă 2. dosare 3. fişi cartotecă v.t. a înregistra, a ch (documente într-o arhivâ, un fişier\ fişa filing s. înregistrare, clasare; fişare ~ cabinet - fişier, cartotecă ~ clerk - funcţionar / secretar pefl clasarea documentelor

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FIL-FIN 127

~ system - sistem de clasare/clasificare fill v.t. 1. a umple 2. a executa (o comandă, un comision) 3. a ocupa (wn po.s'r); a exercita (o funcţie) 4. (out) a completa (unformular, un cec etc.) filler A". umplutură ~ cargo - caric / încărcătură de umplutură final adj. final ~ accounts - raport final/anual (al consiliului de administraţie) ~ application - ultima somaţie (adresatd unui datornic) ~ balance - sold net ~ consumption - consum de produse finite ~ date - ultimul termen ~ distribution - ultima distribuire (a profitului unei societăţi, sub forma dividendelor, fâcută de obicei la sfârşit de an) ~ goods - produse finite ~ invoice - factură definitivă ~ judgement - sentinţă definitivă / executorie ~ money - depozite sau credite bancare (transferabile prin cec) ~ notice - avizare finală ~ port - port final de destinaţie ~ sailing - (mar.) plecare definitivă (din port) ~ stowage plan - (mar.) cargoplan fînal, plan de încărcare fînal ~ utility - utilitate marginală fînance s. 1. finanţe, ştiinţa fmanţelor 2. pl. finanţe, venituri v.t. a finanţa v.i. a se ocupa cu afaceri/speculaţii financiare ~ bill - cambie financiară; cambie bancară

~ company/house - societate de credit (care finanţează achiziţionarea de bunuri cu plata în rate) ~ department - serviciu financiar ~ market - piaţă financiară; piaţă de capital rinancial adj. financiar ~ accounting - contabilitate financiară ~ analysis - analiză financiară ~ assets - active financiare ~ assistance - ajutor financiar ~ body - organ financiar ~ books - registre / evidenţe contabile ~ break - even point - prag de rentabilitate ~ discipline - disciplină financiară ~ engineering - inginerie financiară ~ futures - contracte financiare futures/la termen ~ incentive - cointeresare financiară ~ indicators - indicatori financiari ~ intermediation - intermediere finan- ciară ~ investment - investiţie fmanciară ~ leasing - leasing de finanţare ~ liability - obligatie financiară ~ management - management finan- ciar ~ markets - pieţe financiare ~ paper - (SUA) efect de comert de complezenţă pe termen scurt ~ policy - politică financiară ~ position/standing - situaţie finan- ciară ~ ratio - indice financiar ~ risk - risc financiar (riscul de a nu mai putea acoperi cheltuielile fîxe financiare - dobânzi, dividende prefe- renţiale, fonduri de amortizare)

statement - raport financiar (raportul anual al consiliului de

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128 FIN-FTR

administraţie); {cont.) situaţie finan- ciară ~ offer - ofertă fermă ~ order - comandă

fermă ~ prices - preţuri fixe/stabile ~ seller - vânzător ferm fîrst s. 1. prim, întîi 2. pl. mărfuri dc calitate superioară adj. prim, întâi call - (bur.) prima solicitare (prirna

~ structure - structură financiară; stmctură de finanţare ~ year - an/exerciţiu financiar financier ^. fmanciar, om de finanţe; bancher; om de afaceri v.t. a finanţa ' ' ' *. *^

fine s. 1. amendă 2. penalizare (impusă tranşâ pentru achitarea unui pachet de de sindicat membrilor care încalcă regulile acestuia) adj. pur, fin (despre metale) v.t. a amenda; a penaliza ~ bank/trade bill - cambie de clasa întâi ~ bullion - lingou de aur sau argint pur ~ rate - rata curentă a dobânzii (pentru creditele acordate de bănci) fmeness s. 1. titlu (al metalelor preţioase) 1. calitate superioarâ (a unui articol) finish s. 1. sfârşit, terminare 2. fmisaj 3. cherestea superioară v.t. 1. a sfârşi, a termina 2. a finisa finished adj. finit; finisat ~ goods inventory - stocuri de produse finite ~ product - produs finit fire s. incendiu ~ goods - mărftu-i inflamabile ~ insurance - asigurare împotriva incendiilor ~ loss adjuster - evaluator al pagubelor produse de incendii (angajat al unei societăţi de asigurârî) ~ risk - risc de incendiu îirm s. fiYma, casa Ae comeîţ adj. \. ferm 2. fix, stabil ~ buyer - cumpârâtor ferm ~ commitment - angajament ferm (al subscriitorului faţă de întreaga emi-siune de titluri de valoare) ~ market - piaţâ fennâ

acţiuni) ~ class - clasa întâi ~ • class/-rate - de prima calitate, de calitate superioară ~ come, first served - (mar.) primul sosit, primul operat (operat în ordinea sosirii) ~ cost - preţ de fabrică; cost dc producţie ~ - half year - (bur., cont.) primul semestru ~ - hand distribution - distribuţie i mârfurilor fâră intermediari ~ in, first out - (conr.) primul intrat primul ieşit {metodă de control a stocurilor care presupune că mârfuril cumpărate mai demult vor fi utilizat prioritar în procesul de producţie) ~ - line management - primul eşalo de conducere (imediat superic salariaţilor obişnuiţi) - -line manager - şef de echipâ

~ mortgage - ipotecâ prioritarâ; prin ipotecă

~ - mortgage bond - (SU obligaţiune cu ipotecă prioritarâ

- ot exchange - primul exemplar unei cambiî) ~ open •water - deschidere a navigî (w zone cu îngheţ şi sloiuri) ~ outlays - chdtuidi imţia^ instalare

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~ piece time - timp de fabricaţie a primei piese (dinîr-un lof) - premium - (asig.) prima primâ ~ quality - calitate superioarâ, calitatea întâi ~ refusal - drept de ofertâ prioritar fiscal adj. fiscal; financiar ~ drag - obstacol/piedicâ fiscalâ, excedent al bugetului fiscal ~ duties - taxe fiscale - monopoly - monopol fiscal/de stat ~ neutrality - neutralitate fiscală ~ period - exercitiu financiar ~ policy - politicâ fiscalâ/bugetară ~ stamp - timbru fiscal ~ year - an fiscal/bugetar fiscality s. fiscalitate fish s. peşte v.i. a pescui ~ breedmg/culture/farming/husbandy - pisciculturâ ~ carrier - barcaz de peşte ~ trawler - trauler de pescuit ~ trawling - pescuit prin traulare fishery s. 1. pescuit, activitate de pescuit 2. zonâ de pescuit 3. (dr.) drept de pescuit fishing s. 1. pescuit 2. zonâ de pescuit ~ boat - navâ de pescuit ~ cutter/vessel - pescador ~ fleet - flotă de pescuit ~ ground - zonâ de pescuit - harbour - port pescâresc ~ licence - permis/licenţâ de pescuit ~ scow - şalandâ de pescuit ~ season - sezon de pescuit ~ trade - pescuit industrial; comert cu peşte fishmonger s. negustor de peşte - ' s shop - magazin de pescârie five num. cinci

~ -course rotation - asolament de cinci ani ~ -year plan - plan cincinal fix v.t. 1. a fixa, a consolida 2. a fixa, a stabili (preţul, data etc.) 3. (mar.) a afreta, a navlosi fixed adj. 1. fixat, consolidal 2. fixat, stabilit ~ assets - active/mijloace fixe ~ assets turnover - rotaţia activelor fixe (raportul dintre vânzări §i activele fixe care măsoară utilizarea instala- ţiilor şi a echipamentelor) ~ capital - capital fix ~ charge - sarcină/garanţie fixă (dreptul creditorului fiind limitat la un anumit activ al unei societăţi) ~ cost - cost fix ~ credit - credit fix ~ debenture - obligaţrune cu garantie fixâ - debt - (S[/A) datorie consolidată ~ deposit account - cont de depuneri la termen ~ depreciation - amortizare fixâ ~ duty - taxâ fî.xâ/specifică ~ exchange rates - cursuri de schimb fixe ~ expenses - cheltuieli fixe/constante ~ income - venit fix ~ • income mutual fund - fond mutual care oferă sume fixe investitorilor

- interest securities - titluri de valoare cu dobândâ fîxa. ~ interval reorder system - sistem de comenzi la intervale fixe ~ investment - investiţie fixâ (în infrastructură) ~ job contract - contract (de muncâ) pentru o anumitâ lucrare ~ laydays - (mar.) stalii contractuale

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FIX-FU 130

~ liabilities - datorii pe termen lung ~ order system - sistem de comenzi în cantităţi fixe

penalty bond - contract cu penalitate fixă (in cazul când o obligaţie contractuaîă nu este îndeplinită) ~ price - preţ fix/maxim (stabilit de guvern) ~ property - bunuri imobile ~ rate - curs {de schimb) fix ~ term contract - contract (de muncă) pe termen fix ~ trust - societate de investiţii financiare într-un sector fix/limitat ~ weight - greutate moartă/proprie fixing s. 1. fixare, stabilire; (fin.) fixing (al cursurilor de schimb, al preţului aurului la bursâ) 2. pl. accesorii ~ prices by trial and error - fixare a preţurilor prin tatonări fixture s. dispozitiv de fixare/prindere; accesoriu 2. (mar.) navlosire, afretare 3. contract de navlosire 4. (dr.) dependinţe flag s. (mar.) pavihon ~ clause - clauza pavilionului ~ of convenience/necessity - pavilion avantajos ~ share - prima de pavilion ~ surtax - suprataxă de pavilion flanker s. persoană sau obiect aflat în flanc ~ brand - marcă de flanc (marcă nouă lansată de o companie ce comercia- lizează deja o alta în aceeaşi categorie de produs) flat s. apartament adj. 1. uniform 2. unic; invariabil 3. inactiv (despre o piaţăy, fâră dobândă capitalizată (pe

piaţa de capitaî) 4. categoric, ferm ad\ fară dobândă ~ cost - preţ de fabrică; cost d producţie ~ market - piaţâ inactivă ~ organization - organizaţie orizontal (tip de organiwre în care autoritate. managerială nu se transmite pe scar ierarhică) ~ price - preţ unic ~ - rate tariff - tarif forfetar/uniform ~ tax - impozit uniform ~ yield - randament invariabil (rat dobânzii unui titlu de valoare c dobândăfixa) flatcar s. (SUA) vagon-platformă flaw s. 1. marfâ cu defect; rebut 2. (dr. viciu de formă ~ detector - defectoscop flawless adj. fără defect; perfect fleet s. 1. flotă 2. parc (d autovehicule) ~ rating - evaluare a flotei sau parcului (în vederea asigurării) ~ terms - reduceri contractuale de pn pentru parcul de autovehicule (dac acestea sunt cumpârate de la o singw firmă) flexibility s. flexibilitate, elasticitate ~ of taxation - flexibilitate impozitării flexible adj. flexibil, elastic ~ budget - buget flexibil ~ manning - încadrare flexibilă c personal ~ organization - (man.) organizaţi flexibilă ~ tariff - tarif (yamal) flexibil i ~ trust - societate de investi( financiare flexibile (in orice sector) i

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FLE-FLO » ~ working hours - program de muncă flexibil; normă flexibilă flight s. 1. zbor 2. exod, scurgere (de fondurî) ~ of capital - exod al capitalului {dintr-o anumită ţară în străinătate, cauzat de inflaţie accentuatâ, instabi- litate politicâ etc.) ~ reaction - (man.) reacţie de cedare/plecare (cauzatâ de stresul la locul de muncâ şi manifestată prin lipsă de interes, solicitare de concedii etc.) float ^. sume flotante (cecuri aflate în procesul de transfer de la o bancă la alta) v.t. 1. a lansa (un împrumut), a emite (o emisiune de obligaţiuni) 2. a înfiinţa (o societate comercialâ) v.i. a pluti, a se menţine pe linia de plutire (despre o nava) flo(a)tation s. 1. plutire; navigare 2. lansare (a unei emisiuni de titluri de valoare) 3. înfiinţare (a unei societăţi comerciale) ~ cost - cost de lansare (a unei emisiunî) floater s. 1. muncitor ocazional 2. poliţă de asigurare flotantă 3. pl. obligaţiuni guvemamentale la purtător; titlu de valoare la purtător; obligaţiune. municipală cu dobândă flotantă floating adj. flotant ~ assets/capital - capital circulant; fond de rulment ~ cargo - caric, încărcătură a unei nave ~ charge - sarcină/garanţie flotantă (dreptul creditorului extinzându-se la toate activele unei societăţî) ~ clause - (mar.) clauza „permanent în stare de plutire" ~ currency - monedă fluctuantă

~ debentare - obligaţiune flotamâ (drepnd credttorului extinzîndu-se îa toate acrivele împrumutatuluî) ~ debt - datorie flotantă/publică; datorie pe termen scurt ~ exchange rate - curs de schimb fluctuant ~ insurance - asigurare flotantâ ~ money • bani flotanţi (deţinuţi de bancheri şi care nu pot fî investiîi. din cauza lipsei oportunităţilor de afaceri, decdt m depozîte la banca centralâ) ~ population - populaţie flotantă ~ prime - împmmut cu dobândă variabilă (in funcţie de rata primarâ a bănciî) ~ rate note - titlu de valoare cu curs fluctuant floor s. 1. 1. planşeu; prag, nivel, limită inferioară {a preţurilor, a salariilor etc.) 2. (fin.) floor {poliţâ de asigurare care îl protejează pe investitor de riscul scăderii dobânzilor sub un anumit nivel) 3. etaj 4. sala principală (a unei burse) ~ member - membru al bursei ~ plan - plan de amplasare (a suprafeţelor de producţie) ~ space - spaţiu comercial (la parterul unei clădirî} floorwalker s. şef de raion (într-un magazin universal) flotsam s. {mar.) încărcătură luată de valuri (aflată în stare de plutire) flourish v.i. a înflori, a se dezvolta, a prospera flourishing adj. înfloritor, prosper ~ trade - comert înfloritor flow ^. 1. flux 2. proces tehnologic

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132 FLO-FOB chart/diagram - diagramă a circulaţiei

fondurilor sau mărfurilor; diagramă a procesului tehnologic ~ of funds - (cont., fin.) flux de numerar (valoarea netă realâ de numerar, deosebită de profitul contabil, care intră sau iese din firmă într-o perioadâ determinată') ~ production - producţie în flux/pe bandă fluctuate v.i. a fluctua, a varia fluctuation s. fluctuatie, variaţie ~ s in the rate of exchange - fluctuatii ale cursului de schimb ~ s of sales - fluctuaţii ale vânzărilor ~ s of the market - fluctuaţii ale pieţei to undergo ~ s - a suferi fluctuaţii fluid adj. lichid ~ dram - drahmă lichidă ~ ounce - uncie lichidă flurry s. agitaţie, mişcare ~ on the stock exchange - agitaţie la bursâ fly v.i. 1. a zbura 2. a fugi ~ -by-night - insolvabil; debitor care fuge de creditori (pentru a se eschiva de la plata datoriilor) ~ • cruise - circuit turistic combinat zbor/croazieră pe mare ~ - drive - circuit turistic combinat transport aerian/rutier ~ pitch - stand ambulant fob v.î. (off) a înşela, a păcăh (prin vânzarea de marfă de calitate inferioara) fodder s. nutreţ, furaj v.î. a hrăni cu nutreţ ~ grain - cereale furajere ~ plant - plantă furajerâ ~ rotation - asolament furajer

t'oist v.t. (on) a face sâ cumpere (cev* nefolositor sau mărfuri de calitaU inferioară) fold v.i. (up) a da faliment folio s. 1. foaie numerotată numai p< faţă 2. foaie (dintr-un registru dt contabilitate) 3. (dr.) pagină dactilogra fiatâ (a unui document cu 72,90 sai 100 de cuvinte) v.t. a numerotî (paginile unui registrii) follower s. companie secundară (can nu este lider într-un anumit domeniu)

strategy - (man.) strategii unnăritorului (care o copiază pe cea < companiilor-lider) food s. hrană; alimente, produa alimentare ~ allowance - alocaţie de hrană ~ card - cartelă de alimente ' ~ colours - coloranţi alimentari ~ industry - industria alimentară ~ products - produse alimentare foodstuff s. aliment, produs alimentar foolscap s. foolscap (format de hârîie) foot s. picior (unitate de măsurâ pentn lungime) v.t. (up) a aduna, a fao totalul; a totaliza, a însuma footage s. 1. lungime exprimatâ îi picioare 2. adâncime forată (exprimah în picioare) footing s. total (a/ unei adunări, al unt coloane de cifre) for prep. pentru ~ account of - în contul ~ and on behalf of - din ordinul şi i contul ~ and against - pro şi contra ~ free - gratuit ~ money - (bur.) pentru numerar ~ one's own account - pe cont propru

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~ the account - (bur.) pentru ziua de lichidare - value - cu titlul oneros forage s. furaj, nutreţ force s. 1. fortă 2. {dr.) valabilitate; vigoare v.t. 1. (down) a provoca scăderea (preţuriîor) 2. (on, upon) a impune condiţii (economice) 3. (up) a provoca creşterea (preţurilor) ~ account - lucm în regie to come into ~ - a intra în vigoare forced adj. fortat; silit ~ currency - monedă cu curs fortat ~ sale - executare silită ~ savings - economii fortate ~ selling - (bur.) vânzare fortată/ nedorită (a acţiunilor în scopul obţinerii de lichidităţi pentru plata unor datoriî) forcible adj. forţat, cu forta; ilegal ~ entry - (dr.) intrare în posesie prin fortă forecast s. prognoză, previziune v.t. a prognoza, a prevedea foreclose v.t. (dr.) 1. a priva de dreptul de achitare a unei ipoteci 2. a exclude de la dreptul de folosinţă, a priva de dreptul de folosinţă foreclosure s. (dr.) privare de dreptul de a achita o ipotecă foredate v.t. a antedata foreign adj. străin, din străinătate; extem; exterior ~ agreement - (mar.) contract de îmbarcare pe o navă străină ~ aid - ajutor extem ~ allowance - indemnizatie de muncă în străinătate ~ balance - balanţă de plăţi ~ bill - cambie extemă (plâtibilâ în străinătate)

~ capital - capital străin ~ credit - credit extem ~ currency -valută; devize ~ currency account - cont în devize ~ direct investment - investiţie străinâ directă ~ exchange • valută; devize; schimb valutar ~ exchange broker/dealer - agent de schimb valutar

exchange market - piaţa schimburilor valutare ~ exchange office - casă de schimb valutar ~ exchange regulations - regim al schimbului valutar ~ exchange risk - risc valutar, risc al fluctuaţiei unei valute ~ exchange transactions - operatii de schimb valutar ~ general average - (asig. mar.) avarie comună în străinătate ~ - going ship/vessel - navă oceanică/ de cursă lungă ~ goods - mărfuri străine/de import ~ investment - investiţie străină ~ loan - împrumut extem ~ market - piaţă extemă ~ money order - mandat poştal intemaţional ~ order - comandă extemă ~ policy - politică extemă ~ shipping - (mar.) transport în străinătate ~ trade - comert exterior; (mar.) cabotaj extem; navigaţie de cursă lungă ~ (trade) zone - port liber foreigner 5'. străin, persoană de altă naţionalitate 2. (mar.) navă sub pavilion strâin 3. articol de import

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134 FOR foreman s. 1. maistru, şefde echipă 2. (dr.) prim-jurat ~ of development - maistru de exploatare ~ of production - maistru de producţie forest s. pădure ~ economy - economie forestierâ ~ industry - industria forestieră ~ code/laws - cod silvic, legislaţie silvică ~ management - amenajare forestieră ~ officer - agent silvic ~ worker - muncitor forestier forestall v.t. 1. a anticipa (un eveniment) 1. a înlătura (un concurenf} 3. a acapara (mărfuri în scop speculativ) forester s. 1. brigadier silvic, pădurar; silvicultor 2. inspector sau adminis- trator silvic forestry s. 1. silvicultură 2. păduri; regiune împădurită forewoman s. supraveghetoare; şefâ de echipă forfeit s. 1. pierdere a unui drept (prin încâlcarea unui contract) 2. amendă; penalitate, sancţiune (pentru încălcarea unui contract) adj. pierdut (prin nerespectarea obligaţiilor contractu- ale) v.t. a pierde dreptul la ~ clause - clauză de penalizare forfeiture s. 1. pierdere a unui drept (prin încălcarea unui contracf) 1. amendă; penalitate, sancţiune ~ of shares - confiscare de acţiuni (subscrise şi neplătite la termenul scadent) forge v.t. a falsifica; a plastografia forger s. falsificator; plastograf forgery s. fals; plastografie

form s. 1. formă 2. formular v.t. 1. a forma, a înfiinţa (p societate) 2. a forma, a pregăti, a instrui (personal) ~ of application - formular de cerere ~ of proxy - formular de procură ~ of receipt - formular de chitanţă ~ of return - formular de declaraţie de venituri (pentru impunere) ~ of tender - formular de ofertă (la licitaţie) formal adj. formal; legal ~ contract - contract formal ~ notice - somaţie; citaţie ~ receipt - chitanţă contabilă formality s. formalitate format s. format (al unei cărţî) formation s. fonnare, înfiinţare (a unei societâti etc.) ~ expenses - cheltuieli de înfiinţare fortnight s. două săptămâni; chenzină fortnightly adj., adv. bilunar s. publicatie bilunară fortuity s. (asig.) accident fortune s. avere to make a ~ - a face avere forward adj. 1. dinainte, din faţă 2. la termen v.t. 1. a grăbi, a accelera (dezvoltared) 2. a susţine, a promova (unplan) 3. a expedia, a trimite ~ buying - stocare, depozitare în stoc (de marfă, materii prime) ~ contract - contract la termen ~ cover - acoperire la termen ~ dealings - operaţii/tranzacţii la termen ~ delivery - livrare la termen

exchange market - piaţa schimburilor valutare la termen ~ freight - (mar.) navlu plătit anticipat ~ integration - integrare verticală ~ market - piaţa tranzacţiilor la termen

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FOR-FRA 135 ~ quotation - cotatie la termen ~ price - preţ la termen ~ rate - curs de schimb la termen ~ sale - vânzare la termen forwarder s. 1. promotor (al unei afacerî); susţinător 2. expeditor (de marfa) forwarding s. expediere (de marfâ); expediţie ~ agent - agent de expediţie ~ agent's notice - aviz de expediere ~ department - serviciu de expediţie ~ documents - documente de expediţie ~ house - firmă de expediţii ~ station - staţie de expediţie foul adj. 1. murdar; nesănătos 2. urât, neprielnic (despre vrerne) 3. necinstit, incorect ~ bill of health - patentă de sănătate nefavorabilă ~ bill of lading - conosament murdar (cu menţiunea recepţionării mărfii în stare necorespunzătoare/improprie) ~ coast - coastă periculoasă (pentru navigaţie) found v.t. a fonda, a înfimţa foundation s. 1. fundaţie, temelie 2. fundatie, asociaţie 3. fonduri, donaţii (pentru instituţii culturale) ~ member - membru fondator ~ school - şcoală subventionată prin donaţii founder s. fondator ~ s' shares - acţiuni ale fondatorilor (emise special pentru aceştid) four num. patru ~ - plus cover - acoperire efectivă/ reală (campanie de publicitate care reia de cel puţin patru ori un mesaj publicitar) fourth num. al patrulea

~ estate - a patra putere în stat, presa ~ market - (bur.) (SUA) a patra piaţă (piaţa pe care acţiunile necotate sunt tranzacţionate între brokeri şi clienţi fărâ respectarea procedurilor obişnu-ite) fractional adj. 1. fracţionar 2. parţial 3. mic, neînsemnat ~ currency/money - monedâ divizio-nară ~ (deposit) banking - sistem bancar fracţionar (prin care bâncile menţin rezervele proprii la un procent fix din depozitele clienţilor) ~ load - sarcină incompletă/partială ~ (share) certificate - certificat partial de acţiuni (pentru o parte de acţiune, când, în cazul fuziunii a două societâţi, acţiunile sunî inegale ca valoare) fragile adj. fragil ~ goods - mărfuri fragile franc s. franc ~ area - zona francului franchise s. 1. (com.) franşiză 2. (asig. mar.) franşiză (yaloare a pierderii sub care societatea de asigurări nu este obligată să acorde nici un fel de despâgubire, dar peste care trebuie sâ ofere despâgubiri complete) v.t. a acorda o franşiză ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza franşizei franchiser s. franşizor, deţinător al unei franşize frank v.t. a franca fraud s. fraudă ~ loss - pierdere din credite obţinute fraudulos fraudulent adj. fraudulos ~ bankruptcy - bancrută frauduloasă ~ contract - (dr.) contract dolosiv

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~ conversion - delapidare, detumare (defondurî) ~ conveyance - (dr.) transfer fraudulos (de către un debitor falit al unei părţi din proprietatea sa pentru a înşela creditoriî}

preference - (dr.) preferinţă frauduloasă (price plată efectuată de către un debitor, în intervalul de trei luni la sfârşituî căruia e declarat falit, către unul dintre creditori în detrimentul celorlalţî) ~ settlement - decontare frauduloasă ~ trading - activitate comercială frauduloasâ (activitate desfâşurată în timpul derulării procedurilor de faliment §î nedeclaratâ la tribunal) free adj., adv. 1. liber 2. franco ~ access - acces liber ~ agent - împutemicit general (CM mandat general acordat de şej) ~ alongside quay - franco pe chei/ sotîo palanco ~ alongside ship/vessel - franco de-a lungulnavei ~ and clear/unencumbered - liber şi fară sarcini ~ articles - mârfuri nevâmuibile ~ border - franco frontierâ ~ bunker - franco buncher ~ capital - capital liber/lichid ~ carrier - franco cârâuş ~ coinage - drept de a bate monedă ~ competition - concurenţâ liberâ - delivered / domicile - franco domiciliu ~ delivery - distribuire/livrare gratuitâ ~ depreciation - amortizare liberă ~ discharge - liber de cheltuieli la descârcare

~ dispatch - farâ indemnizaţie de celeritate ~ dock - franco în bazinul portuar ~ entry - declaraţie pentru mărfuri scutite de taxe vamale ~ exchanges rates - rate de schimb libere ~ from encumbrance - neipotecat ~ from liability - fâră răspundere ~ from particular average - fârâ avarie particulară ~ goods - bunuri libere (aşa-numitele „daruri ale naturii", precum aerul, câldura cosmicâ etc.) ~ house. - firmă liberâ (sâ se aprovizioneze de la orice fumizor doreşte) ~ in and out - liber de cheltuieli la încărcare şi descârcare; încărcarea şi descârcarea în contul navlositorului ~ in and out, stowed and trimmed -liber de cheltuieli la încărcare şi descârcare, inclusiv stivuirea şi rujarea ~ in and stowage/stowed - liber de cheltuieli la încârcare şi stivuire ~ in excluding trimming - liber de cheltuieli la încârcare, exclusiv rujarea ~ insurance - asigurare fârâ primă ~ into barge - franco şlep ~ into store - franco depozit ~ labour - muncitori nesindicalizaţi ~ lighterage - liber de cheltuieli de alimbare ~ list - listă liberă (listă de mărfuri care nu sunt supuse taxelor vamale de import) ~ loading certificate - certificat de liberă încărcare (la petroliere) ~ market - piaţă liberâ/deschisâ ~ of address commission - fărâ comision de adresă

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FRE_______________________

~ of all average - fară avarie de orice fel ~ of all charges - liber de orice cheltuieli ~ of all cranage - fără cheltuieli de folosire a macaralelor portuare ~ of all risk and expenses to the vessel - liber de orice risc şi cheltuieli în contul navei

~ of breakage clause - clauza „fară răspundere pentu spargeri" ~ of capture and seizure - fără captură şi sechestrare ~ of charges - liber de cheltuieli ~ of damages - fără răspundere pentru avarii ~ of duty - scutit de taxe vamale ~ of foreign capture - fără captură de către un stat străin ~ of general average - fără avarie comună ~ of freight brokerage - fară comision de brokeraj ~ of income tax - {bur.) fâră impozit pe venit ~ of losses - fără pierderi ~ of particular average - fâră avarie particulară ~ of particular average unless caused by - fâră avarie particulară, numai dacă este cauzatâ de ~ offer - ofertă fără angajament ~ on board - franco la bord ~ on board and stowed - franco la bord şi stivuit ~ on board and trimmed - franco la bord şi rujat ~ on quay - franco la chei ~ on rail - franco vagon ~ on truck - franco vagon; franco camion

out-1 overi bord ~ port -porto-franco ~ stem - fără aştq încărcare sau descărcare ~ trade policy - politica schimb ~ trade zone - zonă liberâ de comert ~ warehouse - depozit liber ~ zone - zonă liberâ (fără taxe vamale); porto-franco freeboard s. (mar.) bord liber ~ certificate - certificat de bord liber ~ coefficient - coeficient al înălţimii de bord liber ~ deck - punte de bord liber ~ depth - înălţime de bord liber ~ draft/draught - pescaj de bord liber ~ length - lungime de bord liber ~ marks - marcâ de bord liber ~ ship/vessel - navă cu bord liber excesiv ~ zones - zone de bord liber (m care navele de comerţ trebuie sâ navigheze cu un anumit pescaj) freedom s. 1. libertate 2. drept; privilegiu ~ from tax - scutire de impozite ~ of action - libertate de acţiune ~ of contract - libertate contractuală freehold s. proprietate fanciară absolută freeholder s. proprietar absolut freely adv. liber ~ convertible currency - valută liber convertibilă ~ floating exchange rates - cursuri de schimb cu flotatie liberă freelance s. liber-profesionist

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freeze v.t. 1 a îngheţa, a congela 2. a îngheţa (preţuri, salariî}; a bloca (conturi, credite) s. 1. îngheţare, congelare 2. blocare freezer s. \. instalaţie/camerâ frigori- fică, frigorifer 2. frigider ~ storage - depozitare în comparti- mente frigorifice freezing adj. de congelare/refrigerare ~ capacity - capacitate de congelare ~ mixture - amestec refrigerent ~ plant - instalaţie de congelare freight s. 1. (mar.) navlu 2. (mar.) caric, încârcătură 3. (c.f.) fraht, scrisoare de trăsurâ 4. transport (de mărfuri pe apâ); (SUA) transport {de mârfuri pe apă, uscat sau calea aerulut) v.t. 1. a încărca (o nava) 1. (mar.) a navlosi, a afreta 3. a transporta {mărfuri pe apâ)\ (SUA) a transporta (mârfuri pe apă, uscat sau calea aerului) ~ account - factură de navlu ~ ad valorem - navlu ad valorem ~ advance - avans din navlu - agent/broker - agent/broker de navlosire ~ agreement - contract de navlosire ~ and cost - navlu şi cost ~ bill - factură de navlu

boat/carrier/vessel - cargou, cargobot ~ booking note - aviz de angajament (de spaţiu pe nava} ~ by measurement - navlu la cubaj/volum ~ car/train - (SUA) tren de marfâ, marfar ~ clause - clauza navlului ~ collect/forward - navlu cu ramburs

~ conference - cartel maritim (de stabilire a navlurilor) ~ consolidation - completare de marfa ~ container - container de marfâ. cargocontainer ~ contract - contract de navlosire ~ contractor - navlositor principal ~ document - conosament; fraht. scrisoare de trâsurâ ~ fleet - flotâ de transport de marfa ~ forwarder - agent de expediţie, expeditor ~ handling - manipulare şi transport de marfa ~ hatch - gurâ de încărcare (la magazia navei) ~ home - caric de înapoiere ~ house - (SUA) depozit de marfâ ~ index - indicator de navlu ~ in f'ull - navlu brut ~ insurance - asigurare a navlului ~ invoice - factură de navlu ~ locomotive - locomotivâ pentru trenuri de marfâ ~ market - piaţa navlurilor ~ note - facturâ de navlu; specificaţie a încârcâturii ~ outwards - caric pentru străinâtate ~ paid - navlu plătit ~ paid pro rata - navlu plâtit proportional ~ payable at destination - navlu plâtibil la destinaţie ~ pending - navlu nedeterminat ~ prepaid - navlu plâtit anticipat ~ quotation - cotaţie de navlu ~ rates - tarif de navlu ~ rebate - rabat la navlu ~ release - ordin de livrare; bon de livrare ~ shed - hangar portuar de mârfuri

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~ space - spaţiu pentru mărfuri (pe navâ) ~ storage area - platformă de mârfuri ~ terminal - chei de operare ~ ton - tonă de navlu/volum ~ tonnage - tonaj navlosit; capacitate de încărcare de marfâ în tone de volum - traffic - trafic de mărfuri; volum de mărfuri transportate (in tone) ~ turnover - cifrâ de afaceri a navlurilor ~ underwriter - asigurător de navlu ~ unit - unitate de navlu freightage s. 1. încărcare (a unei nave) 2. {mar.) navlosire, afretare 3. transport (de mărfurî} freighter s. 1. (mar.) navlositor, armator 2. cargou, cargobot 3. (SUA) vagon de marfa ~ -ferry - feribot de mărfuri freightliner s. tren de marfa, marfar French adj. franţuzesc ~ leave - absenţă franţuzeascâ (jarâ învoire) fresh adj. 1. proaspăt 2. recent ~ arrival - ultima noutate (despre mărfuri, articole de magazin) ~ money - capital proaspăt (in special împrumuturî) ~ water - apă dulce ~ water draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj în apă dulce ~ water loadline/mark - (mar.) linie de încărcare în apă dulce ' frictional adj. de frecare, de fhctiune ~ unemployment - şomaj de scurtă durată (provocat de fluctuaţii sezo- niere) friendly adj. amical, prietenesc ~ arrangement - aranjament amical ~ society - societate de binefacere

fringe s. margine ~ benefits - câştiguri suplimentare (acordate angajaţilor pe lângă salariul obişnuit) ~ market - piaţă marginală front adj. din faţă ~ -page advertisement - reclamă pe prima pagină (a unui ziar) ~ - running - (bur.) concurenţi fruntaşi (concurenţă fdcută de brokerii care tranzacţionează acţiunipe cont propriu folosindu-se de unele informaţu pe care le obţin înaintea clienţilor lor) frontier s. frontieră, graniţă adj. referitor la frontieră, de frontieră; limitrof ~ station - gară de frontieră ~ town - oraş de frontieră ~ trade traffîc - comert limitrof/de frontieră .- vessel - navă de cabotaj frozen adj. 1. îngheţat, congelat 2. îngheţat (despre preţuri, salarii); blocat (despre conturi, credite) ~ assets - active blocate fruit s. fruct v.;'. a rodi, a da rod ~ • bearing - fruclifer ~ farmer/grower - pomicultor ~ farming/growing - pomicultură

fittings - amenajări pentru transportul fructelor (îâdiţe speciale) ~ garden - livadă ~ show - expoziţie de fi-ucte ~ tree - pom fructifer fruitage s. fructe, recoltă de fructe fruiterer s. vânzător de fructe, fructar frustrate v.t. a împiedica, a zădămici (planuri, proiecte) 2. (dr.) a anula, a declara nul frustration s. 1. împiedicare, zădămi-cire 2. (dr.) nulitate

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140 FRU-FUL ~ clause - {asig. mar.) clauza zădămicirii voiajului ~ of contract - încetare a obligatiilor contractuale fuel s. combustibil; carburant v.t. 1. a alimenta cu combustibil 2. (mar.) a bunchera ~ bill - factură de combustibil ~ charge/loading - (mar.) buncherare

consumption - consum de combustibil ~ oil - păcură ~ ship (tank) - petrolier, tanc petrolier ~ truck - vagon-cistemă fulfil v.t. a îndeplini, a realiza (o obligaţie, un contract etc.) full adj. plin; complet, întreg ~ address - adresă completă ~ and complete cargo - (mar.) caric plin şi complet ~ and down - (mar.) cu încărcătură maximă, plin şi la marcă (despre o navă încârcată) ~ - bodied currency - monedă din aur sau argint ~ -cargo charter - (rnar.) navlosire totală ~ -cost price - preţ de cost integral (care include costul de producţie şi profitul producătorului) ~ delivery - livrare completă ~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament brut ~ employment - folosire completă a forţei de muncă ~ • fare ticket - bilet întreg ~ freight - (mar. ) navlu întreg ~ function wholesaler - intermediar în comerţul angro ~ interest admitted - (asig.) admisă asigurarea interesului total

~ load - sarcină totală/nominalâ ~ -load condition - (mar.) stare de încărcare completă (a navei) ~ -load draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj de plină încărcare ~ -manned - (mar.) cu echipajul complet ~ name - nume şi prenume ~ reach and burden - (mar.) întreg spaţiul de încărcare (inclusiv punted) ~ premium - (asig.) primă integrală ~ price - preţ integral ~ rates - tarif întreg ~ -service bank - bancă ce efectuează toată gama de operatii şi servicii ~ -service broker - broker cu atribuţii complete ~ - service leasing - leasing de echipament industrial cu plata integrală a serviciilor de întreţinere şi reparaţii ~ • size(d) drawing - desen tehnic în mărime naturală ~ terms - (mar.) reduceri uzuale de navlu ~ - time employee - angajat cu normă întreagă ~ - time job/work - post/serviciu cu normă întreagă ~ value - valoare întreagă fully adv. integral, complet ~ diluted earnings per share - câştiguri pe acţiune complet diluate (câştignl pe acţiune recalculat pe baza ipotezei conversiei titlurilor converti- bile şi a exercitării tuturor drepturilor de conversie) ~ insured - (asig.) asigurat integral ~ laden - (mar.) cu caric complet ~ managed fund - fond mutual (pe care managerii îl pot administra cum doresc)

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FUL-FUT_____________________

~ paid shares - acţiuni achitate integral; capital subscris şi vârsat ~ participating and cumulative preferred stock - acţiune preferenţială cumulativă şi cu participare deplină ~ underwritten - subscris integral function s. 1. funcţie; post, serviciu; pl. atribuţii de serviciu 2. carieră, profesie v.i. afuncţiona functional adj. funcţional ~ discount - rabat funcţional/comercial ~ quality - calitate funcţionalâ ~ responsibilities - responsabilităţi funcţionale (ale specialiştilor dintr-o întreprindere)

structure - (inan.) structură funcţională functionary ^, functionar fund s. 1. fond 2. pl. fonduri, resurse financiare; capital (de lucru) v.t. 1. a consolida (o datorie) 2. a finanţa; a subvenţiona ~ fund - fond mutual {care face investiţii în altefondurî) ~ manager - manager al unui fond mutual ~ s -flow analysis - (cont., fin.) analiza fluxului de numerar ~ s matching - (fi.n.) aliniere a fondurilor (inetodă de finanţare a creditelor prin depozite cu scadenţă comunâ) fundamental adj. fundamental ~ terms - termeni (contractuali) fundamentali funding s. (fîn.) consolidare a datoriilor (proces de înlocuire a datoriilor pe tennen scurt cu titluri de valoare pe îermen lung) funk s. teamă, spaimă

money — capital transferat in strâinâtate <din motive de instabilitaîe politico-econowS^ furlong s. furlong (unitatea de măsură pentru lungime) furnish v.t. 1. a furmza. aproviziona 2. a prevedea, a înzestra cu (fonduri) 3. a oferi, a prezenta (explicani. referinte, probe etc.) 4. a amenaja, a mobila furnisher s. fumizor (mai ales de mobiîă) furniture s. mobilier, mobilă ~ removers - societate de transport de mobilă ~ van - camion pentru transport de mobilă fuse v.i. a fuziona (despre douâ societăţi) fusion 5. fuzionare ~ process - proces de identificare (a salariatului cu obiectivele întreprinderii) future adj. viitor; ulterior, următor s. 1. viitor 2. pl. futures, contracte la termen (contracte de vânzare sau cumpârare de mărfuri ori active financiare la o dată viitoare prestabiîitâ) ~ delivery - livrare la termen ~ estates - (dr.) bunuri viitoare ~ s contract - contract futures ~ s market - piaţă futures ~ value - valoare viitoare (a unei sume de bani cu dobândă compusă

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G gage s. gaj, garanţie v.î. a pune în gaj; a oferi ca garanţie gain s. 1. (j7 p/.) câştig, beneficiu, profit 2. mărire, creştere; dezvoltare v.t. a câştiga; a obţine, a dobândi v.î'. a câştiga, a se îmbogăti ~ and loss account - (cont.) cont de profit şi pierderi ~ in efficiency - creştere a eficienţei ~ sharing - participare la câştig to ~ ground - a câştiga teren to ~ one's living/livelihood - a-şi câştiga existenţa gainful adj. productiv, lucrativ, rentabil; profitabil, avantajos gainfulness s. 1. câştig, profit 2. rentabilitate gallon s. galon (unitate de măsură pentru capacitate) galloping adj. galopant ~ inflation - inflaţie galopantă gamble s. 1. joc de noroc 2. afacere riscantă v.t. 1. a pune în joc; a paria, a miza 2. (away) a pierdere la jocuri de noroc {bani, avere) v.i. ajucajocuri de noroc gambler s. jucător (de jocuri de noroc); cartofor game s. joc; partidă v.t. (away) a pierde la joc v.i. a juca (jocuri de noroc) ~ of change - joc de noroc ~ theory - (man.) teoria jocului (teoria potrivit câreia afacerile prezintă o mare asemănare cu desfaşurarea unui

joc în care mutarea unui jucâta influenţează mutârile celorlalţi) gap s. 1. gol; lipsă, lacună 2. decala( dezechilibru; deficit ~ analysis - analiza breşelor (idenS fîcarea oportunităţilor de marketing p o piaţă) garnishee (rfr.) s. 1. tert citat în justiţi 2. persoană căreia i se sechestreaa bunurile (pentru plata unei datorii} v. 1. a cita în justiţie (un terţ) 1. a puc sechestru/poprire ~ order - ordin de sechestru garnishment 5. (dr.) 1. citare înjustiţi (a unui terţ) 2. sechestru, poprire gazette s. 1. ziar, gazetă 2. moniti oficial v.t. a publica în monitorul ofici; gearing s. (fin.) efect de levier (rata c îndatorare în raport cu fonduri proprii ale unei companiî) general adj. general ~ acceptance - acceptare necondiţu nată/fără rezerve (a unei cambii) ~ agent - (com.) reprezentant general ~ audit - audit general {la sfârşit\ anului financiar) ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie comur ~ average bond - compromis de avar comună ~ average condition - situaţie ( avarie comună ~ average contribution - contribuţ la avaria comună ~ average deposit - avans ( contributie la avaria comună

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GEN-GET 143 - average depositor - deponent extem pentru avaria comună ~ average loss - pierdere în avaria comună ~ average sacrifice - sacrificiu de avarie comnnă ~ average statement - dispaşă de avarie comună ~ balance-sheet - (cont.) bilanţ general ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament colectiv ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură de mărfuri generale ~ cargo ship/vessel - cargobot ~ cargo rates - (mar.) cote de navlu pentru mărfuri generale ~ creditor- creditor general (fârâ drepturi preferenţiale) ~ crossing — barare generală (a unui cec) ~ damages - daune generale ~ dealer - comerciant de mărfuri generale ~ delivery - (SUA) post-restant ~ endorsenient - andosare generală/în alb ~ equilibrium - echilibru general (al pieţelor aflate în stare de interdepen- denţă) ~ expenses - cheltuieli generale/de regie ~ goods - mărfuri generale ~ insurance - asigurare generală (contra tuturor riscurilor) ~ letter of credit - acreditiv colectiv ~ lien - drept de retenţie general ~ management trust - societate de investiţii financiare generale (in orice sector) ~ manager - director general

~ meeting of shareholders - adunarea generală a acţionarilor ~ overhaul - revizie/reparaţie generală ~ partnership -societate în nume colectiv ~ reserve - rezervă generală (pentru acoperirea necesarului de fond de rulment) ~ store - magazin universal ~ strike - grevă generală ~ terms - condiţii (contracîuale) generale ~ union - sindicat de ramură genuine adj. autentic, original, veritabil; pur, curat, nefalsificat ~ and valid - autentic şi valabil (despre cecurî) ~ article - articol garantat genuineness s. autenticitate (a unei mărci defabrică etc.) geographical adj. geografic ~ filing - clasare/fişare după criteriul geografic (clasarea documentelor în funcţie de zonele geografice pe care le vizeazâ) geographically adv. geografic ~ consolidated markets - pieţe consolidate geografic (tranzacţiile bursiere mondiale) ~ fragmented markets - pieţe fragmentate geografic [tranzacţiile bursiere realizate pe diferite pieţe geografice sunt combinate pe o piaţă centralizatâ prin computer) get v.t. 1. a obţine 2. a primi 3. a procura, a face rost de 4. (back) a redobândi, a reintra în posesia 5. (in) a strânge, a colecta; a sotca, a face provizii; a aduna (recolta) to ~ dearer - a se scumpi to ~ rish - a se îmbogăţi

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144 GET-GOI gift s. 1. dar, cadou 2. (dr.) donaţie v.t. a dărui, a face cadou ~ certifîcate/coupon/token/voucher - talon valoric gratuit (oferit de un magazin şi cu care se pot achiziţiona unele articole) ~ shop - magazin de cadouri/articole la modă ~ tax - impozit pe donaţie gift-wrap v.t. a ambala special (cadouri) giftwrapping s. 1. ambalaj special pentru cadouri 2. serviciu de ambalare a cadourilor (oferit de unele magazine) gill s. gill (unitate de măsură pentru capacitate) gilt-edged adj. de clasa întâi ~ securities - titluri de valoare de clasa A. .^. •

intai gilts s. pl. titluri de valoare de clasa A .^. •

intai giro s. giro (sefviciu poştal de transfer monetar) give v.t. 1. a da; a oferi; a dona 2. (away) a da gratis; a împărţi (premii) 3. (back) a restitui 4. (on) (bur.) a reporta 5. (up) a demisiona din; a se retrage (din afaceri, activitate) ~ -and-take - concesii reciproce, compromis ~ -away - produs oferit gratuit de fîrma producătoare (in scop promo- ţional) ~ -away show - emisiune-concurs cu premii (7a televiziune) to ~ bail - a depune garanţie to ~ damages - a acorda daune to ~ effect to a law - a pune o lege în vigoare to ~ judgement - a da o sentinţă to ~ notice of - a aviza de

to ~ security - a da garanţie to ~ way - a scădea (despre preţuri) giver s. 1. donator 2. (bur.) cumpărător a unei opţiuni 3. (bur.) cumpărâtor care amână plata acţiunilor {'însă oferă dobânda) global adj. global ~ brand - (com.) marcă globală globalisation s. globalizare glut s. excedent (de marfă pe piaţă)', supraproducţie v.t. a inunda (piaţa cu o marfa) go v.i. 1. a merge 2. (between) a mijloci între 3. (down) a scădea (despre preţuri) 4. (for) a avea valoarea de, a se vinde cu 5. (ofl, through) a se vinde bine, a avea căutare 6. (out) a demisiona 7. (up) a creşte (despre preţuri) ~ - ahead - dinamic, activ, între- prinzător ~ -between - intermediar, mijlocitor ~ -go fund - fond mutual cu investiţii speculative pe termen scurt ~ -slow - încetinire a ritmului de lucru (formă de protest a muncitorilor fârd declanşarea efectivă a grevei) to ~ a bear - (bur.) a specula â la baisse to ~ a bull - (bur.) a specula â la hausse to ~ bankrupt - a da faliment to ~ one better - a oferi mai mult goal s. scop; obiectiv

definition - (man.) definirea obiectivelor going adj. 1. în acţiune/funcţiune; în activitate 2. curent; actual ~ concern - afacere rentabilă ~ , going, gone - o dată, de două ori, adjudecat (la licitaţie)

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GOI-GOO ~ prices - preţuri curente ~ private - going private (transfor- marea unei companii publice/deschise intr-una particularâ/închisă) ~ public - going public (transforma- rea unei companii particulare/închise într-una publică/deschisâ) gold s. aur adj. referitor la aur; din/de aur; aurifer ~ and foreign exchange reserves - rezerve valutare şi de aur - bar/ingot - lingou de aur ~ bond - obligaţiune cu răscumpârare în aur ~ bullion standard - etalon aur- -lingouri ~ certificate - (SUA) titlu cu acopenre în aur ~ cover - (fin.) acoperire în aur ~ exchange standard - etalon aur- -devize ~ field - teren/regiune aurifer(a) ~ mine - mină de aur ~ parity - paritate aur/metalică ~ points - (jfin.) puncte de aur (limitele între care oscilează rata de schimb a douâ valute cu etalon aur, în condiţiile circulaţiei libere a aurului între ţâri) ~ reserve - rezervă de aur ~ shares - acţiuni la o mină de aur ~ standard - (fin.) etalon aur ~ tranche - tranşa/cota în aur (cotă de participare, depusă în aur, de câtre un stat-membru al FMI) golden adj. de aur ~ handcuffs - (man.) câtuşe de aur (avantaje financiare acordate de o fîrmâ angajaţilor importanţi pentru a evita ca aceştia sâ fie arşi de concurenţâ)

~ handshake - (man.) strângere de mânâ de aur (platâ generoasâ oferitâ de o firrnă angajaţilor importanţi pentru a-i determina să plece fără zarvâ) ~ parachute - (man.) paraşută de aur (un tip de contract de muncâ, redactat de unii manageri pentru ei înşişi, care prevede importante compensaţii mate-riale în caz că arfi demişî) ~ share - acţiune de aur (acţiune care îi conferâ deţinătorului drept de control asupra societăţii respective) good adj. 1. bun; de bunâ calitate 2. valabil 3. solvabil s. pl. marfâ, mârfuri; articole, produse •- debts - datorii sigure (care vor fi sigur achitate} ~ delivery - livrare bunâ (de titluri de valoare ale câror caracteristici corespund exigenţelor bursiere sau contractuale) ~ receipt - chitanţâ valabilă ~ s in progress - (cont.) (Sl/A) produse în lucru/curs de fabricaţie ~ s on approval - mârfuri de probâ ~ s on commission - mărfuri în comision ~ s on consignment - mârfuri în consignaţie ~ s on hand - mărfuri nevândute ~ s rates .- tarif pentru transportul de marfâ ~- s station - garâ/staţie de mărfuri ~ s traffic - trafîc de mărfuri ~ s train - tren de marfâ, marfar goodwill s. fond comercial (active intangibile ale unei firme, calculate ca diferenţa dintre preţul plâtit pentru compania în funcţiune şi valoarea activelor)

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146 GOO-GRJ ~ payment - (man.) plată/indemnizaţie pentru stimulare (acordată conducerii unei societăţi) govern v.t. 1. a guvema 2. a conduce, a administra (o întreprindere) government s. 1. guvem 2. formă de guvemâmânt, regim 3. pl. (SUA) titluri de valoare guvernamentale ~ agency - agenţie guvemamentală ~ agent - funcţionar de stat - bill - bon de tezaur ~ bond - obligaţiune de stat ~ expenditure - cheltuieli bugetare ~ interference - intervenţie a statului (in economie) ~ investment - investiţie publică/de stat ~ loan - împrumut de stat ~ monopoly - monopol de stat ~ revenue - venit public/naţional ~ securities - titluri de stat ~ security - garanţie guvemamentală ~ subsidy - subvenţie de stat

surplus - material/echipament nefolosit vândut de guvem/stat governor s. guvemator {al unei bănci) ~ general - guvemator general grace 5'. amânare, păsuire; termen de graţie (pentru plata unei datorii scadente) grade s. 1. rang, treaptâ, demnitate 2. clasă, categorie; fel, soi 3. rasă de vite ameliorată (prin încrucişare) v.t, 1. a clasa; a sorta 2. a ameliora (o rasâ de vite prin încrucişare) ~ certificate - certificat de calitate grading s. 1. clasificare (a produselor după calitaîe) 2. clasificare/ierarhizare a posturilor (m funcţie de competenţa cerutâ şi salarizarea corespunzătoare)

graduate s. licenţiat, absolvenl diplomat (al unui institut de învăţămân superior) adj. 1. diplomat, titrat 2 calificat, cu calificare superioară v.(. ; grada, a proportiona (impozite) v.i. •i obţme un titlu universitar, a absolvi ui institut superior ~ nurse - infirmieră calificată ~ recruitment - (man.) recrutare di absolvenţi (politică de recrutare i forţei de munca) - school - sectie postuniversitar (pentru doctorat) graduated adj. 1. gradual; progresiv 2 titrat, cu titlu universitar ~ income tax - impozit progresiv proporţional pe venit ~ payment mortgage - ipotecă a amortizare graduală/progresivă ~ tariff - tarif diferenţial ~ taxation - impunere proportională a venitul grain s. 1. cereale 2. grain (unitate d măsurâ pentru greutâţî) ~ capacity/cubic - capacitate d încărcare de cereale ~ cargo certificate - certificat pentn transportul de cereale (se elibereaa dacă nava are dotările corespun zătoare) ~ carrier/ship - cerealier ~ charter - (mar.) contract d transport pentru cereale ~ exchange - bursâ de cereale ~ fittings - amenajări {de magazi^ pentru cereale ~ market - piaţa cerealelor ~ silo - siloz ~ tanker - petrolier-cerealier (navi combinată) i

~ tonnage - tonaj pentru cereale

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GRA-GRO 147 ~ trade - comert cu cereale grant s. 1. aprobare, admitere (a unei cererî); permisiune, autorizatie 2. alocare, acordare (a unui împrumut}', subvenţie 3. (dr.) donaţie; cesiune v.t. 1. a aproba, a admite (o cerere); a elibera (un act); a autoriza 2. a subventiona 3. (dr.) a dona; a cesiona ~ -aided - subvenţionat de stat ~ -in-aid - subvenţie guvemamentală grantee s. (dr.) donatar; concesionar granter s. (dr.) donator; concesor grantor v. granter gratis adj., adv. gratis, gratuit gratuity s. gratificaţie, primă gray v. grey great adj. mare ~ gross - (com.) 12 grosuri (1728 de bucâţî) ~ hundred - (com.) 120 de bucăţi green adj. verde ~ card - cartea verde {de asigurare auto internaţională) ~ currencies - valute verzi (în cadrul politicii agricole comune a CEE) ~ product - produs ecologic greenfield s. gazon, spaţiu verde ~ site - zonă de investiţii directe (pe un teren viran) greengrocer s. negustor de legume şi fructe greengrocery s. 1. comerţ de legume şi fructe 2. legume şi fructe greenmail s. (bur.) greenmail (pachet mare de acţiuni cumpârate de o companie concurentă prin care forţeazâ societatea vizatâ să-şi răscumpere acţiunile la un curs mai ridicat decât cel real, pentru a evita preluarea eî) grey adj. cenuşiu

~ market - (com., fin.) piaţă cenuşie (piaţâ cu activitate legală, însă cu preţuri mari datorită ofertei scăzute de mărfuri; piaţâ în cadrul câreia băncile dintr-un sindicat de garanţie şi plasament şi intermediarii fînanciari cumpără titluri în bloc) grocer ^. băcan grocery s. băcănie gross adj. mare, voluminos 2. brut, global, total s. 1. gros, cantitate mare 2. (com.) 12 duzini {144 de bucâţi) ~ amount - sumâ brută; cantitate totală ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie comună ~ capacity - capacitate brută ~ cash flow - flux brut de numerar ~ cost - preţ de cost brut ~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate totală de transport ~ domestic product - produs intem brut ~ fixed assets - active fixe brute ~ -form charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire brut ~ freight - (mar.) navlu bmt ~ freight ton - (mar.) tonă-registru ~ income - venit bmt ~ interest - dobândă brutâ ~ investment - investiţie brută ~ loss - pierdere brută ~ margin - (com.) marjă brută (diferenţa dintre preţul de vânzare cu amănuntul şi cel cu ridicata) ~ measurement - (mar.) tonaj-registm brut ~ misconduct - (man.) conduită extrem de rea (a unui angajat, care, în asemenea situaţii, este demis imediaf) ~ national product - produs naţional brut ~ premium - (asig.) primă globală

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148 GRO-GUI ~ profit - beneficiu brut ~ receipts - încasări brute ~ register ton - (mar.) tonă-registru ~ register tonnage - (mar.) tonaj--registru brut ~ return - profit brut (obţinut de un acţionar din dividende şi din creşterea valorii de piaţâ a acţiunilor) ~ terms - (mar.) condiţii de linie ~ terms discharge - descărcarea în contul armatorului ~ terms loading - încărcarea în contul armatorului ~ ton - tonă engleză/lungă ~ tonnage - tonaj brut ~ value - valoare brută; preţ brut al mărfii ~ wage - salariu brut ~ weight - greutate brută {marfă cu ambalaj) ~ world product - produs mondial brut ~ yield - randament brut (al unei investiţii) ground s. pământ; teren adj. referitor la pământ/teren; funciar ~ rent - rentă funciară ~ tax - impozit funciar groundage s. taxă portuară; taxă de staţionare în port grounding s. 1. eşuare 2. (bur.) atingere a pragului/cursului minim ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza eşuării group 5'. grup; grupă v.t. a grupa; a clasifica ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi de grup, situaţii financiare consolidate (ale unui holding)

~ headquarters - sediu central (al unui holding) ~ insurance - asigurare colectivă ~ trading - aprovizionare în gmp (a detailiştilor') ~ training - pregătire în gmp grow v.t. a creşte, a cultiva, a produce v.i. a creşte, a se dezvolta, a se extinde grower s. cultivator, producător; crescător growth s. creştere, dezvoltare ~ fund - fond mutual de dezvoltare (cu investiţiipe termen lung) ~ industry - industrie cu perspective de dezvoltare ~ shares/stock - acţiuni cu perspective de creştere ~ theory - teoria creşterii (economice) guarantee 5'. 1. garanţie 2. garant 3. creditor (care primeşte garanţid) v.t. 1. a garanta 2. a asigura (impotrivd) v.i. a fi garant; a depune o garanţie ~ fund - fond de garanţie ~ insurance - asigurare a garanţiei ~ letter - scrisoare de garanţie ~ payments - salarii garantate (care se plătesc şi în cazul întreruperii tempo- rare a activităţii unei întreprinderi) ~ period — termen de garanţie guarantor s. garant guaranty s. garanţie guild s. 1. organizaţie, asociaţie (de ajutor reciproc) 2. corporaţie, breaslă ~ socialism - socialism corporatist

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H haberdash v.i. a face comerţ cu mărun- ţişuri haberdasher s. 1. negustor de mărun- ţişuri 2. (SUA) negustor de galanterie bărbătească haberdashery s. 1. mărunţişuri, arti- cole de mercerie 2. mercerie, magazin de mârunţişuri 3. (SUA) magazin de galanterie bărbătească haggle s. tocmeală, târguială v.i. (about, over) a se tocmi (pentru) haggler s. client care se tocmeşte mult half s. 1. jumătate 2. (dr.) parte contractantă adj., adv. (pe) jumătate ~ -and- ~ - jumătate-jumătate; în/din părţi egale ~ -cargo condition - stare de încărcare la jumătate din capacitate (despre navă) ~ commission - (bur., com.) remiză ~ -commission man - (bur., com.) remizier ~ demurrage - (mar.) jumătate din contrastalii ~ -fare ticket - bilet cu preţ redus 50% ~ -finished goods - semifabricate ~ -height container - semicontainer (pentru mârfuri în vrac) ~ -height open top container - semicontainer deschis/fâră capac ~ time - jumătate de normă; şomaj partial ~ -timer/-time worker - muncitor care lucrează jumătate de normă; şomer partial

halfpenny s. jumătate de penny (monedă englezeascâ) adj. 1. cu valoarea de o jumătate de penny 2. farâ valoare ~ goods - mărfuri fară valoare hallmark s. 1. poanson de titlu (pe metale preţioase) 2. marcă de control v.t. amarca hammer s. ciocan v.t. (bur.} 1. a declara falit 2. a scădea preţul (acţiunilor) to bring/to put/to send to the ~ - a scoate la licitatie to come/to go/to fall under the - a se vinde la licitaţie hand s. 1. mânâ 2. muncitor, lucrător; pl. mână de lucm 3. pl. (mar.) echipaj 4. profit, câştig, beneficiu 5. conducere, autoritate; control, dirijare; răspundere 6. cantitate, lot (de marja) adj. manual; de mână v.t. 1. (down) a lăsa moştenire 2. (in) a prezenta (pentru acceptare) 3. (out) a da, distribui 4. (over) a preda, a transmite, a remite ~ -to-mouth - minim, de subzistenţă; de pe o zi pe alta to be short of ~s - a duce lipsă de mână de lucru to have a free ~ - a avea mână liberâ handbill s. fluturaş, anunţ (distribuit trecătorilor) handbook 5. ghid, îndreptar, manual handicraft s. 1. meşteşug, meserie 2. artizanat, artă meşteşugărească 3. obiecte de artizanat

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150 HAN-HAT ~ industry - productie meşteşugă- rească; industrie meşteşugărească handicraftsman s. artizan, meşteşugar, meseriaş handiwork s. 1. muncă manuală 2. lucm de mână; produs al industriei meşteşugăreşti handle v.t. 1. a mânui, a manevra; a manipula 2. a conduce; a administra, a gestiona 3. a face comert cu, a se ocupa cu comertul de handling s. 1. manipulare, manevrare; deservire (a instalaţiilor); operaţii la transportul de mărfuri (incărcare, descărcare, transbordare, stivuire) 2. conducere; administrare, gestionare adj. referitor la manipulare/manevrare ~ area - zonă de operare (incărcare, descărcare, transbordare) ~ mark - marcă de manipulare (pentru mărfurile fragile) ~ rate - normă de operare (in tone) ~ time - timp de operare handmade adj. lucrat manual/de mână; meşteşugăresc, artizanal handout s. 1. comunicat de presă; comunicat oficial 2. mostră gratuită (in scop promoţional) 3. dar; pomană handsel s. acont, avans v.t. a da cu avans harbour s. port; bazin portuar, radă v.i. a ancora, a arunca ancora; a se adăposti în port/radă

accommodation - amenajare portuară ~ authorities - autorităţi portuare ~ dues - taxe portuare ~ master - căpitan de port ~ offîce - căpetenie de port ~ regulations - regulament portuar ~ traffic - trafic portuar

~ warehouse - antrepozit portuar harbourage s. bazin portuar, radă hard adj. 1. tare, solid 2. strict; ferm 3. greu, dificil 4. ridicat, mai'e (despre preţurî) ~ -and-fast - ferm, strict ~ bargain - acdrd fară concesii/ compromisuri; negocieri dure ~ cash - numerar, bani lichizi ~ currency - valută forte ~ goods - produse de folosinţă îndelungată ~ loan - împrumut rambursabil în valuta ţării creditoare ~ money - monede, bani metalici ~ sell(ing) - vânzare agesivă/în fortă (insoţită de publicitate agresivă/ zgomotoasâ) ~ work - muncă grea harmonization s. armonizare (a politicilor şi a practicilor naţionale cu standardele intemaţionale) harvest s. 1. seceriş; recoltare 2. recoltă, producţie agricolă v.t. a secera; a recolta ~ hand - zilier angajat la recoltat ~ home - vremea recoltei; sărbătoarea' secerişului/recoltei to make ~ - a recolta !harvester s. 1. secerător; culegător 2. secerătoare; maşină de recoltat harvesting s. recoltare, strângere ^ recoltei ; ~ strategy - (man.) strategie de recol- tare (pbţinerea profitului pe termen scurt rezultat din comercializarea unid produs, înaintea retragerii acestuia de pepiaţâ) hatch s. (mar.) gurâ de magazie/ hambar; tambuchi, bocaport

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HAT-HEA 151 ~ crew - echipă de docheri la gura de magazie ~ foreman - şef de echipă (in magazie) ~ hours - timp total de operare (la magaz.ii) ~ speed - nonnă per gură de magazie ~ tally - pontare la gura magaziei hatchway v. hatch haul s. 1. tracţiune, remorcare 2. transportator (rutier, feroviar sau pe canal de marfa} 3. cursă, parcurs 4. cantitate de marfă transportată; cantitate de peşte prins cu nâvodul v.t. 1. a tracta, a remorca 2, a transporta (prin cârăuşie) haulage s. 1. tracţiune, remorcare 2. transport, cărăuşie 3. cost al unui transport ~ contractor - antreprenor de trans- porturi ~ equipment/gear - instalaţie/utilaj de remorcare haul(i)er s. 1. transportor, cărăuş 2. firmă de transporturi rutiere haven s. port mic/de adăpost; radă hawk v.t. a face comert ambulant cu; a-şi striga (marfa) cu voce tare hawker s. negustor ambulant hazard s. (asig.) risc, pericol hazardous s. riscant, periculos ~ goods - mărfuri periculoase ~ insurance - asigurare pentru mărfuri periculoase head s. 1. cap (de locuitor), persoană 2. director, şef, conducător 3. post de conducere; comandă adj. principal; central v.t. a fi în fruntea (unei liste); a conduce v.i. a se îndrepta către ~ clerk - şef de birou

~ lease - contract principal de închiriere (pentru o proprieîate ulterior subînchiriatâ) ~ manager - director general ~ mark - marcă de identificare (a coletelor de marfa) ~ mortgage - ipotecă principală ~ offîce - sediu principal; directie, centrală ~ tax - capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor headhunter v. vânător de capete (agenţie sau persoanâ specializatâ în găsirea şi recrutarea de manageri cu experienţâ sau personal cu înaltă calificare) headline s. 1. titlu (în ziar) 2. pl. rezu- mat al principalelor ştiri (la radio) headquarters s. sediu principal; administraţie centrală health s. 1. sănătate 2. sănătate publică ~ and safety - măsuri de protecţia şi medicina muncii ~ bill - (mar.) patentă de sănătate ~ certificate - certificat medical ~ insurance - asigurări de sănătate ~ offîcer - agent sanitar; medic igienist ~ service - servicii de asistenţă medicală heavy adj. 1. greu 2. mare; masiv, în cantitate mare; abundent, bogat 3. ridicat, exorbitant (despre preţuri) 4. grav ~ crop - recoltă bogată ~ damage - avarie gravă ~ -duty - de mare putere/capacitate ~ expenditure - cheltuieli mari ~ goods - mărfuri grele ~ grains - cereale grele (grâu, porumb, secară) ~ imports - importuri masive

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HEA-HIG 152

~ industry - industria grea ~ loss - pierdere mare ~ market - (bur.} piaţă inactivă; (SUA) piaţă activă ~ of sale - greu vandabil ~ order - comandă mare ~ percentage - procent ridicat ~ sales - vânzări masive ~ traffîc - trafic intens/aglomerat ~ user - utilizator frecvent, mare cumpărător hectar s. hectar hedge s. acoperire, protecţie v.t. a apăra, a proteja ~ fund - fond mutual protejat (care acoperă eventualele pierderi cauzate de scăderea valorii unor titluri de valoare prin investiţii în alte titluri cu perspective de creştere ~ ratio - (bur., fin.) rata de asigurare împotriva riscurilor hedging s. (bur., fin.) hedging, acoperire (pperaţhme de contracarare a riscurilor ce pot decurge din fluctuaţiile cursurilor la bursele de mărfuri, din variaţiile preţurilor în tranzacţiile de comerţ exterior sau ale cursurilor de schimb) heel s. cotor (de chitanţă, cec), matcă; contramarcă heir s. moştenitor, succesor ~ apparent - moştenitor aparent; moştenitor legal/direct ~ -at-law - moştenitor legitim/de drept ~ general - legatar universal ~ presumptive - moştenitor pre- zumptiv heirdom s. moştenire; drept de moştenire heiress s. moştenire, succesoare

heirloom s. obiecte de familie (care se transmit din generaţie în generaţie) hereditament s. 1. proprietate care poate fi moştenită/transmisă prin succesiune 2. moştenire, succesiune hidden adj. ascuns; secret ~ asset - activ subevaluat ~ damage - (mar.) avarie ascunsă/ neobservată ~ economy - economie subterană ~ inflation - inflaţie ascunsă/mascată ~ reserve - (cont.) rezervă ascunsă/ secretă (delict de bilanţ care constă în denaturarea înregistrărilor contabile prin subevaluarea activelor) ~ tax - impozit ascuns/indirect ~ unemployment - şomaj ascuns/ mascat hierarchical adj. ierarhic ~ structure - (man.) structură ierarhică high adj. 1. înalt; ridicat, mare 2. important, înalt (despre funcţie, rang) 3. superior, de calitate superioară 4. scump, costisitor ~ commissioner - înalt comisar ~ -class - de calitate superioară ~ farming - agricultură intensivă ~ finance - marea finanţă ~ finish - finisaj superior ~ -geared - cu grad mare de îndatorare ~ -grade - superior, de calitate superioară; cu conţinut bogat (despre minereu) ~ -involvement product - produs cu implicare putemică (pe care cumpărâ-torul se hotârâşte cu greu sâ-l achiziţioneze) ~ price - preţ mare/ridicat ~ quality - calitate superioarâ ~ road - dmm principal; şosea

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fflG-HOM 153 ~ seas - largul mării (apele intema- ţionale) ~ season - sezon turistic ~ technology - înaltă tehnologie, tehnologie de mare performanţă ~ yielders "- acţiuni cu profit mare - -yielding fund - fond mutual cu plasamente foarte avantajoase (,însâ cu un grad de risc mai ridicat) highway s. dmm principal, şosea; şosea naţională hire s. 1. închiriere; locaţie 2. chirie 3. angajare, tocmire (a unui lucrător) 4. plată, leafă v.t. 1. a închiria, a lua cu chirie 2. (on) a angaja {in slujbâ), a tocmi (pentru o treaba) 3. (out) a închiria, a da cu chirie ~ -purchase agreement - contract de vânzare în rate (proprietatea asupra articolului devenind efectivâ o dată cu achitarea ultimei rate) ~ -purchase company - societate de credit (care finanţează achiziţionarea de bunuri cu plata în rate) ~ -purchase price - preţ pentru vânzarea în rate historical adj. istoric ~ cost - cost istoric (cost iniţial al unui activ) ~ rate of return - (fin.) rata istorică a rentabilităţii (unui titlu de valoare pe un an daf) hoard s. 1. stoc, rezervă, fond 2. tezaur v.t. 1. a stoca, a aduna 2. a tezauriza v.i'. a face rezerve/stocuri hoarding s. 1. stocare, adunare 2. tezaurizare hoist s. (mar.) coţadă (de marfâ) hold v.t. a deţine, a poseda; a avea în proprietate to ~ an office - a deţine un post/funcţie

to ~ good - a rămâne valabil to ~ the market - a controla/a domina piaţa holder s. deţinâtor, posesor; titular (al unei licenţe, al unui cont) ~ for value - deţinător (al unei cambii) pentru valori fumizate ~ in due course - terţ deţinâtor (al unei cambiî) holding s. 1. deţinere, posesie 2. fermă mică; mică proprietate agricolâ 3. (şi pl.) pachet de acţiuni ~ company - companie holding holiday s. 1. sărbătoare; zi de odihnă 2. (şipl.) vacanţă; concediu ~ s with pay - concediu cu plată holidaymaker s. vilegiaturist home s. casă, locuinţă; domiciliu adj. 1. casnic; domestic, referitor la casă/locuinţâ 2. intem, interior 3. naţional ~ address - adresă privată ~ audit - audit casnic ~ banking - servicii bancare la domiciliu (sistem de tranzacţii bancare prin computerul personal conectat la cele ale băncii} ~ bill - cambie intemă (plâtibilâ în tara unde afost emisâ) ~ consumption - consum intem ~ country - metropolâ ~ currency - monedă naţională ~ demand - cerere intemă ~ economics - economie domestică ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de înapoiere; mărfuri de import ~ industry - industria casnică ~ loan - împrumut ipotecar ~ market - piaţă intemă ~ news - ştiri inteme

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154 HOM-HOT ~ office - sediu central (al unei societâţi) ~ port - port de domiciliu/ataş/ înregistrare ~ products - produse de fabricaţie intemă ~ sales - valoare a vânzărilor pe piaţa intemă ~ trade - comert interior; (mar.) cabotaj naţional ~ -trade ship/vessel - navă de cabotaj naţional ~ value declaration - declaraţie asupra valorii mărfii în ţara de origine homestead 5. 1. gospodărie agricolă, fermă 2. lot de teren acordat unui colonist ~ law - lege care protejează fermele de sechestru sau vânzare silită; lege care reglementeazâ vânzarea terenurilor agricole homeward adj„ adv. (niar.) către/spre ţară ~ -bound - în drum spre ţară (despre nava)

cargo - caric/încărcătură de înapoiere; mărfuri de import ~ trip/voyage - călătorie/voiaj de înapoiere homework s. muncă la domiciliu homogeneous adj. omogen; similar

expectations - (fin.) estimări omogene (estimări asemănâtoare ale riscului şi ale rentabilităţii de către toţi investitorii) ~ products - produse similare/de substituţie honorarium s. onorariu honorary adj. onorific, de onoare ~ debt - datorie de onoare ~ member - membm de onoare

honour s. cinste; onoare v.t. 1. a onora, a plăti (un cec) 2. a respecta, a îndeplini (o obligaţie, un angajamenf) ~ policy - poliţă de onoare/fără obiect asigurat horizontal adj. orizontal ~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune orizontală (fuziunea a două firme care produc acelaşi tip de bunuri sau serviciî) ~ combination/integration - combi- nare/integrare orizontală ~ expansion - expansiune orizontală (extinderea unei companii prin dezvoltarea unor produse vândute pe pieţe similare şi cu profil asemănător sau mărirea suprafeţei agricole) ~ reduction of tariffs - reducere orizontală/liniară a taxelor vamale (reducerea cu acelaşi procent a tuturor taxelor vamale ale ţârilor participante la o rundâ de negocieri comerciale} ~ trust - trust orizontal horse s. cal ~ power - cal-putere ~ trade - târguială, tocmeală; vânzare/ negoţ de cai horticulture s. horticultură holticulturist s. horticultor hosiery s. 1. galanterie de damă 2. tricotaje hostile adj. ostil ~ takeover - preluare ostilă (achiziţio- narea printr-o oferîă pe care condu- cerea societâţii vizate o respinge) ~ tariffs - bariere vamale hot adj. cald, fierbinte ~ bill - cambie fierbinte (cu scadenţa apropiată)

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HOT-HYP 155 ~ money - bani fierbinţi (capital atras din strâinătate de dobânzi ridicate sau de un climat politic sigur) hotel s. hotel ~ industry/trade - industria hotelieră hour Ă. oră ~ zonie - fus orar hourly adj. orar, pe oră ~ output - producţie orară ~ rate - normă orară house s. 1. casă, imobil; locuinţă, domiciliu 2. societate, companie; casă de comert; oficiu adj. referitor la casă; casnic, domestic v.t. 1. a caza; găzdui 2. a depozita, a înmagazina ~ agent - agent imobiliar ~ bill - cambie trasă asupra societătii centrale (de ofilială din străinătate) ~ brand - marcă proprie/de comerţ (nume de marcă atribuit unui produs de către un intermediar, de obicei un detailist important) ~ flag - pavilion de- companie de navigaţie -union - sindicat pe societate (neafiliat) household s. gospodărie, menaj adj. casnic, menajer ~ art - gospodărie, menaj ~ durables - articole casnice de folosinţă îndelungatâ ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare a locuinţei householder s. cap de familie; gos- podar housekeeper s. 1. intendent, adminis- trator 2. gospodină housekeeping s. 1. gospodărie, menaj; gospodărire, administrare 2. economie domestică ~ money - bani de coşniţâ

housing A. 1. locuinţă; locuinţe 2. construcţie de locumţe ~ development - ansambhi de locuinţe ~ estate - teren destinat construcţiei de locuinţe sociale hovercraft s. navă pe pemă de aer huckster s. 1. vânzător ambulant; negustor de mărunţişuri 2. vânzător convingător/abil 3. autor de emisiuni publicitare v.t., v.i. a face negoţ ambulant (de) hull s. (asig. mar.) corp de navă, cocă ~ and machinery - corp şi maşini ~ and materials - corp şi materiale ~ insurance - asigurare casco ~ underwriters - asigurători casco human adj. uman ~ capital - capital uman ~ (-factor) engineering - ergonomie

-resource management managementul resurselor umane hundredweight s. chintal husband s. 1. administrator; gospodar 2. (mar.) agent general al armatorului; administrator de navă v.t. a administra, a conduce; a economisi husbandry s. 1. administrare; gospo- dărie 2. agricultură hush s. tăcere ~ money - mitâ, cumpărarea tăcerii unui martor hyperinflation s. hiperinflaţie, inflaţie galopantă hypermarket s. supermarket (de obicei la periferia unui oraş) hypothec s. ipotecă hypothecary adj. ipotecar hypothecate v.t. a ipoteca

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ice s. gheaţă ~ clause - clauza gheţii (de predare a încărcăturii în cel mai apropiat port neblocat de gheţuri) ~ risk - (asig. mar.) risc de gheţuri idle adj. inactiv; neutilizat, nevalorificat; neproductiv, neoperativ v.t. a irosi; a nu folosi {la întreaga capacitate) v.i. 1. a sta neutilizat 2. (over) a merge în gol; a avea timpi morţi (despre maşini, utilaje) ~ capacity - capacitate neutilizată ~ capital - capital inactiv/ neproductiv ~ market - piaţă inactivă ~ time - timp mort; gol de producţie ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj nefolosit (al navelor care staţioneazâ în rezervă) illegal ad]. ilegal, nelegal, ilicit illegality s. ilegalitate, act ilicit illegible adj. ilizibil, indescifrabil ~ signature - semnătură ilizibilă/ indescifrabilâ illicit adj. ilicit, ilegal ~ commission - mită ~ trade - comert ilicit, contrabandă illiquid adj. care nu poate fi transformat în bani lichizi (despre active) illusory adj. iluzoriu ~ profit - profit iluzoriu imbalance s. dezechilibru (al balanţei comerciale) immediate adj. imediat ~ availability - disponibilitate ime-diată

~ posession - (dr.) luare imediată în posesie immigrant s., adj. imigrant ~ remittances - bani trimişi de imigranţi (familiilor rămase în ţara de origine) immigrate v.i. a imigra immobilize v.t. 1. a imobiliza (capitalul circulant) î. a retrage din circutaţie {monede pentru întărirea bancnotelor) immovable adj. 1. imobil; imobiliar 2. (dr.) inamovibil ^. pl. bunuri imobiliare, proprietate imobiliară ~ property - proprietate imobiliară immunity s. scutire (de taxe, impozite etc.) immunization. s. (fîn.) imunizare (stabilizarea venitului unei obligaţiuni) impact s. impact ~ effect - efectul impactului (creşterea cererii atunci când nu este posibilă creşterea imediatâ a oferteî) imperfect adj. imperfect, incomplet ~ competition - concurenţă imperfectă/ monopolistă ~ entry - declaraţie vamală preliminară ~ market - piaţă imperfectă (cu concurenţă imperfectâ) imperialism s. imperialism (economic) impersonal arf/'.impersonal

accounts - (cont.) conturi impersonale ~ ledger - (cont.) cartea mare impersonală / generală

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IMP-IN 157 ~ payee - beneficiar impersonal (formulâ pe un cec) imperial adj. britanic, folosit în Marea Britanie ~ system - sistemul britanic de unităţi de măsură imperialism s. imperialism (economic) implement A\ unealtă; instrument v.t. a implementa, a pune în aplicare implicit adj. implicit ~ contract - contract implicit/tacit ~ rent - rentâ (funciarâ) implicită implied adj. implicit ~ term.- clauză implicită ~ trust ~ mandat implicit (creat prin efectul legii) ~ warranty - (asig.) garanţie implicită import s. 1. import 2. marfă importată/ de import v.t. a importa ~ ban/prohibition - interdicţie a - importului ~ broker - broker de import ~ commission agent - agent comisi-onar de import (firmă specializata) ~ deposit - depozit la import (formă de restricţie a importurilor prin care importatorul este obligat să depună temporar la banca centrală un procent din valoarea importului) ~ duty - taxă vamală de import ~ entry - declaraţie vamalâ de import ~ gold/specie point - (fin.) punct de aur la import ~ goods - mărfuri importate/de import ~ licence - licenţă de import ~ merchant - importator independent ~ permit - autorizaţie de import ~ quota - contingent/cotă de import ~ restrictions - restricţii la import ~ substitution - substituire a impor-tului {încercarea unei ţări de a reduce

importurile, încurajând de7.volta.rea industriilor inteme) ~ surcharge - suprataxă la import ~ surplus - excedent la import ~ trade - comert de import importable adj. importabil importation s. 1. importare, import 2. marfă importată importer s. importator impose v.t. a impune, a stabili (taxe, impozite) impost s. impozit; taxă vamală impound v.t. {dr.) a sechestra impoverish v.t. 1. a sărăci, pauperiza 2. a epuiza (fertilitatea unui teren) impresario s. impresar imprest s. avans, împrumut (acordat unei întreprinderi care produce pentru stat sau pentru derularea unor servicii publice) ~ system - (cont.) sistem imprest (de plată în numerar a cheltuielilor mărunte) improve v.t. a îmbunătăţi, a ameliora; a perfecţiona v.i. 1. a se îmbunătăţi, a se ameliora; a se perfecţiona 2. a creşte, a se mări (despre preţurî) to ~ on smb.'s offer - a oferi mai mult decât cineva improvement s. 1. îmbunătăţire, ameliorare; perfecţionare 2. progres, dezvoltare, modemizare 3. creştere, mărire (a preţurilor) improver s. practicant, stagiar; ucenic ~ upon an offer - persoană care supralicitează impulse s. impuls ~ buyer - cumpărător impulsiv ~ goods - mărfuri cumpărate sub pomirea impulsului in prep. în

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158 IN-INC ~ - and-out - in-and-out (cumpărarea şi revânzarea imediată de titluri de valoare) ~ - bond - depozitat în antrepozite vamale (despre mârfurile care urmează afi supuse taxelor vamale) ~ - bond price - preţ în antrepozitele vamale (fnainte de vâmuire) ~ cash - în numerar ~ - house - propriu; intem; autohton ~ - house training - pregătire/instmire în cadrul întreprinderii ~ - the - money option - (bur.) opţiune cu preţ de exerciţiu inferior cursului pieţei ~ transit - în tranzit inactive adj. inactiv ~ account - cont inactiv ~ capital - capital inactiv/neproductiv ~ market - (bur.) piaţă inactivă ~ securities - titluri de valoare inactive/fără căutare inbound adj . (mar.) care se întoarce din voiaj, pe drum de întoarcere ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură de întoarcere incalculable adj. incalculabil ~ risk - (asig.) risc incalculabil incapacitate v.t. (dr.) a priva de un drept/o capacitate legală, a face să decadă (dintr-un drept) incapacity s. (dr.) incapacitate legală, decădere (din drepturi) incentive s. stimulent (material), stimulare, cointeresare adj. stimulativ ~ marketing - marketing de stimulare ~ premium - primă de stimulare ~ scheme - sistem stimulativ, plan de stimulare (m salarizare) ~ wage - salarizare progresivă (in funcţie de productivitate)

inception s. început (al perioadei pentru care o poliţâ de asigurare este valabilă) inch s. ţol (unitate de mdsură pentru lungime) inchmaree s. nume al unei nave ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza neglijenţei inchoate adj. incomplet ~ instrument - instmment de plată incomplet (cambid) incidental adj. ocazional, neprevăzut; mărunt, neînsemnat s.pl. cheltuieli neprevăzute/diverse ~ expenses - cheltuieli neprevăzute/ diverse inclusive adj. 1. total, general, global 2. (of) incluzând, inclusiv (despre preţuri, tarife) adv. inclusiv ~ of all charges - inclusiv toate cheltuielile ~ price - preţ total/care include toate cheltuielile ~ sum - sumă globală/forfetară ~ terms - condiţii de preţuri inclusive; preţ în care sunt cuprinse toate serviciile ~ tour - circuit turistic complet/cu toate serviciile incluse m preţ income s. venit; câştig, beneficiu ~ and expenditure account - (cont.) cont de venituri şi cheltuieli ~ bond - obligaţiune purtătoare de venit (la care se plâteşte dobândă numai dacă existâ profit) ~ effect - efect asupra venitului (in comportamentul comerciat) ~ elasticity - elasticitate a veniturilor ~ fund - fond mutual de câştig (care realizeazâ cele mai avantajoase

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INC-IÎ<D 159 plasamente pentru a obţine câştigul maxim posibil) ~ group - grupă de venituri ~ in kind - venit în natură ~ redistribution - redistribuire a veniturilor ~ statement - (cont.) (SUA) situatia veniturilor ~ tax - impozit pe venit ~ tax allowances - reduceri ale impozitului pe venit ~ value - valoare a venitului obţinut ~ velocity - viteza transformării banilor în venit incoming adj. 1. care soseşte/vine 2. următor s. 1. intrare, sosire 2. pl. câştiguri, beneficii; încasări ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură de import ~ invoice - factură de cumpârare ~ mail - corespondenţâ sosită ~ s and outgoings - încasări şi cheltuieli incompatible adj. incompatibil ~ cargo - caric incompatibil (care nu poatefi ţinut lângă alte mărfuri) inconvertible adj. neconvertibil incorporate v.t. 1. a înregistra, a înfiinţa (o societate sau o corporaţie) 2. a încorpora; a unifica v.i. (SUA) a înfiinţa o corporaţie adj. 1. constituit sub forma unei corporaţii 2. încorporat; unificat incorporated adj. 1. (SUA.) constituit sub forma unei corporaţii 2. încorporat; unificat ~ broker - agent/broker de asigurări (membru al unei asociaţii profesionale) incorporation s. înregistrare, mfiinţare a unei societăţi, a unei corporaţii incorporeal adj. (dr.) incorporal

~ hereditament - drept incorporal (drept de uzufruct cu excluderea dreptului de nudâ proprietate) ~ possession - posesie incorporală (proprietate asupra unui drept legal) incorrect adj. incorect; defectuos ~ endorsement - andosare defectuoasă increase s. mărire, creştere v.t., v.i. a creşte, a (se) mări ~ of capital - mărire a capitalului social ~ of the risk - (asig.) creştere a riscului to be on the ~ - a fi în creştere increasing adj. crescând, în creştere ~ demand - cerere în cre§tere increment s. 1. increment, creştere, mărire; spor; adaos 2. câştig, profit incremental adj. incremental ~ analysis - analizâ incrementală ~ cash flow - flux de numerar incremental (fluxul de numerar net care poate fi atribuit unui proiect de investiţiî) ~ cost - cost marginal ~ cost of capital - cost incremental al capitalului {costul mediu al capitalului suplimentar obţinut în timpul unui an dat) incur v.t. a se expune (imui risc); a contracta (obligaţii); a suferi (pierderî) to ~ a penalty - a fi penalizat to ~ debts - a face datorii to ~ expenses - a avea cheltuieli indebted adj. dator, îndatorat indebtedness 5-. datorie, datorii; sumă datorată indemnification s. 1. despăgubire, compensaţie 2. garanţie; garantare, asigurare indemnify v.t. 1. a despăgubi, a compensa 2. a asigura, a garanta

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160 IND indemnity s. 1. despăgubire, indemni- zaţie, compensaţie 2. asigurare, garanţie 3. (dr.) imunitate ~ bond - scrisoare de garanţie indent s. comandă (de mârfuri) v.t. 1. a comanda (mărfuri) 1. a întocmi (un act) în dublu exemplar 3. a angaja (ca ucenic) indenture s. 1. act/document oficial 2. contract sinalagmatic 3. contract de ucenicie (intre ucenic şi meşter) 4. contract de emisiune {acord formal între emitentul unor obligaţiuni şi deţinătorii acestord) v.t. a angaja prin contract (ca ucenic) indentured adj. angajat/legat prin contract ~ labour - mânâ de lucru angajată prin contract (pe termen lung) independent adj. independent ~ importer - importator independent

means - mijloace de trai independente (obţinute din rente sau titluri de valoare) index s. L indice, indicator 2. index, repertorm, tabel alfabetic; tablâ de materii v.t. a alcătui un index; a trece în index, a clasa ~ arbitrage - (bur.) arbitraj de indici ~ card - fişă (de cartotecâ) ~ fund - fond mutual raportat la un indice (fond mutual al cârui portofoliu corespunde unui indice oficial) ~ (- linked) bond - obligaţiune indexată/stabilizată/corelatâ cu inflaţia ~ number - indice, indicator ~ word - cuvânt index indexation s. indexare indexing v. indexation indictment s. (dr.) inculpare, punere sub acuzare; rechizitoriu

indifference s. indiferenţă, pasivitate ~ curve - curba indiferenţei (grafic care reprezintă diferite combinaţii ale mai multor mârfuri cu calităţi identice şi care îi oferâ consumatorului satisfacţie egală) indigenous adj. indigen, intem ~ production - producţie intemâ indirect adj. indirect ~ action - acţiune (publicitarâ) indirectă (care urmăreşte promovarea prestigiului unei firme sau al unei marci, şi nu vânzarea propriu-zisă de produse) ~ cost - cost indirect ~ damages - daune indirecte {oferite drept compensaţie pentru nerespecta-rea obligaţiilor contractuale) ~ exchange - schimb valutar indirect (intre douâ ţări, folosindu-se valuta unei a treia ţâri) ~ labour - muncă indirectă {activitatea de administraţie, întreţinere etc.) ~ parity - paritate indirectâ (rata de schimb a donâ valute calculată prin raportare la o a treia) ~ production - producţie indirectă [care foloseşte diviziunea muncii) ~ quote - curs de schimb valutar indirect ~ sale - vânzare prin intermediar ~ tax - impozit indirect individual adj. individual ~ demand - cerere individuală ~ file - dosar individual ~ producer - producâtor individual indorse v. endorse induction s. (man.) instalare (ţntr-o funcţie), angajare (intr-un post}

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IND-INF industrial adj. 1. industrial; de producţie 2. de muncă s. 1. industriaş 2. pl. acţiuni ale unei societăţi industriale ~ accident - accident de muncă ~ action -

protest de muncă; grevă ~ archaeology - istoria tehnicii ~ bank - societate de credit (care finanţează achiziţionarea de bunuri cu plata în rate}

~ capital - capital industrial ~ carrier - navă pentru materii prime (minereuri, ţiţei etc.) ~ complex - complex industrial ~ crops - culturi tehnice/industriale ~ democracy - democraţie industrială (participarea muncitorilor la luarea deciziilor în întreprinderea unde care lucreazâ) ~ design - design industrial ~ development bond - (SUA) obliga-ţiune (municipală) pentru dezvoltarea industrială ~ disease - boală profesională ~ dispute - conflict de muncă ~ district - regiune industrială ~ ecosystem - ecosistem industrial ~ effluents - ape reziduale industriale ~ espionage/spying - spionaj industrial ~ estate/park - zonâ de dezvoltare industrială ~ goods - produse industriale ~ health/hygiene - igiena muncii ~ inertia - inerţie industrială (dezinteresul, unor proprietari de între-prinderi industriale de a-şi muta societăţile în alte locuri mai propice desfăşurării activităţii) ~ injuries insurance - asigurare pentru accidente de muncă ~ life cycle - ciclu de viaţă industrială ~ medicine - medicina muncii

161

~ naphtha - solvent petrolier ~ nation - ţară industrializată ~ plant - plantă tehnică/industrială ~ policy - politică industrială ~ property - proprietate industrială (asupra brevetelor, mârcilor etc.) ~ psychology - psihotehnică ~ relations - relaţii de muncă {între patronat şi salariaţi) ~ safety - tehnica securităţii muncii ~ school - şcoală profesională/de meserii ~ television - televiziune industrială / în circuit închis ~ tribunal - tribunal de muncă ~ truck - stivuitor, cărucior de ridicat ~ union - sindicat pe ramură industrialism s. industrialism industrialist s. industriaş industrialization s. industrializare industrialize v.î. a industrializa industry s. 1. industrie; ramură industrială 2. întreprindere, fabrică, uzină ~ structure - structură a unei ramuri industriale inelastic adj. neelastic (despre cerere, ofertă etc.) inert adj. inert; inactiv ~ goods - mărfuri inerte (minereuri, nisip, bumbac, Idnâ etc.) inertia s. inerţie ~ selling - vânzare inerţială (metodâ de marketing prin care unele produse sunt expediate prin poştă potenţialilor clienţi fără ca aceştia să le fi comandat) inexpensive adj. ieftin, necostisitor inexpensiveness s. ieftinătate infant adj. nou, recent, în dezvoltare ~ industry - industrie nouă

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162 INF-INL inferior adj. inferior, de calitate inferioară ~ good - produs inferior (pentru care cererea scade atunci când scad şi preţurile) inflammable adj. inflamabil ~ goods - marfâ inflamabilă

materials - materiale/substanţe inflamabile inflate v.t. 1. a mări (preţuriîe) artificial 2. a provoca inflaţia inflation s. inflatie ~ accounting - contabilitate de inflaţie ~ premium - primă de inflaţie (primă pentru inflaţia anticipată sau estimatâ pe care investitorii o adună la rata purâ a rentabilitâţii) inflationary adj. inflaţionist ~ policy - politică inflaţionistă ~ pressure - presiune inflaţionistă ~ spiral - spirală inflaţionistă/salarii -- preţuri ~ trends - tendinţe inflaţioniste inflationism s. inflaţionism inflationist s. inflaţionist, adept al inflaţionismului inflow v. influx influx s. aflux (de capital, clienţi, mărfuri etc.) information s. 1. informaţie, infor-maţii; informare 2. ştiri, veşti 3. cunoş-tinţe, informaţie; cultură ~ bureau/offîce - birou de informaţii ~ desk - ghişeu de informaţii ~ technology - tehnologie informaţio-nală informative adj. informativ ~ advertising - publicitate informativă ~ price - preţ informativ infrastructure s. infrastructură

infringe v.t. a încălca (un contract, un drept de autor etc.) ingot s. lingou ~ of legal fineness - lingou cu titlu legal inherent adj. inerent, propriu ~ vice - (asig.) viciu inerent (unei mărji) inherit v.t. a moşteni inheritable adj. transmisibil, care poate fi lâsat moştenire; succesoral inheritance s. 1. moştenire, succesiune 2. moştenire, proprietate moştenită ~ tax - taxă succesorală, impozit pe moştenire inheritor 5. moştenitor, succesor initial adj. iniţial ~ capital - capital iniţial ~ costs - cheltuieli iniţiale, investiţii; cost de bază ~ outlays - cheltuieli iniţiale/de instalare ~ public offering - ofertă publică iniţială (de acţiuni comune) injure v.t. 1. a răni, a vătăma 2. a prejudicia, a leza (reputaţia uneifirme) 3. a avaria, a deteriora injury 5'. 1. ranâ, leziune 2. ofensă, lezare 3. avarie, pagubă; daună, prejudicii inland s. regiune / parte centrală; teritoriu situat departe de graniţă sau de mare adj. 1. situat înăuntrul ţării; departe de graniţâ sau de mare 2. interior, intem; autohton, indigen adv. în interioml/centrul ţării ~ bill - cambie intemă (plătibilâ în ţara unde afost emisa) ~ commodities - produse indigene ~ duty - acciz, taxă de consum; vamă intemă

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INL-INS 163 ~ harbour/port - port interior ~ invoice - factură intemă (pentru mărfuri vândute pe piaţa interna) ~ mail - poştă intemă ~ marine/transit insurance - asigurări maritime pe căile navigabile interioare ~ navigation - navigaţie interioară/ fluvială ~ payments - plăţi inteme ~ postage - tarif poştal pentru corespondenţa intemă ~ rate - tarif intem ~ revenue - venituri fiscale/provenite din impozite ~ route - rută fluvială ~ sea - mare interioară/continentală ~ trade - comerţ interior; (mar.) cabotaj intem ~ waters - ape interioare/ continentale ~ waterways - căi navigabile interi- oare/fluviale inn s. han, popas inner adj. interior ~ dock - bazin portuar interior ~ harbour/port - port interior ~ reserve - (cont.) rezervă ascunsă/ secretă (delict de bilanţ care constâ în denaturarea înregistrărilor contabile prin subevaluarea activelor) innkeeper s. hangiu ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al hangiului (asupra bagajelor unui client ca garanţie a achitării notei deplata) innovation s. inovaţie inoperative adj. 1. inactiv, neoperativ 2. (dr.) inoperant, nevalabil, fară efect ~ clause - clauză fâră efect (intr-un contract) inscribe v.t. a emite (acţiuni nominale) insertion s. anunţ, informaţie (intr-un ziar)

insider s. iniţiat, persoană bine informată (despre o afacere) ~ dealing/trading - (bur.) afaceri/ tranzacţii ale iniţiaţilor (directori de societăţi, înalţi funcţionari care posedă informaţii suplimentare despre anumite acţiuni tranzacţionate) inshore adj. costier, de coastă adv. la ţărm, aproape de ţărm/coastă ~ fishery/fishing - pescuit costier ~ navigation - navigaţie costieră, mic cabotaj ~ trade- (mar.) cabotaj insolvency s. insolvabilitate

practitioner - profesionist specializat în lichidarea firmelor falimentare insolvent adj. insolvabil; falimentar s. debitor insolvabil; falit ~ act - legea falimentului ~ debtor - debitor insolvabil inspection s. inspecţie, verificare, control ~ certificate - certificat de control ~ officer - inspector ~ stamp - ştampilă de control/garanţie ~ tools - instrumente de control inspector 5'. 1. inspector 2. controlor de calitate ~ general - inspector general ~ of taxes - inspector financiar ~ of weights and measures verificator de măsuri şi greutăţi instal(l)ment s. rată; plată în rate ~ credit - credit rambursabil în rate ~ plan/system - sistem de vânzări cu plata în rate institute s. institut; societate, asociaţie v.t. 1. a institui, a stabili (o lege) 2. a înfiinţa, a fonda (o societate) 3. (dr.) a

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INS 164

pune în posesie (ca moştenitor etc.) 4. a intenta (o acţiune judiciară') ~ cargo clauses - clauze de asigurare a mărfurilor (stabilite de Institutul Asigurătorilor Maritimi din Londra) ~ time clauses (hull and cargo) -clauze de asigurare în timp (a corpului şi a mărfiî) (stabilite de Institutul Asigurătorilor Maritimi din Londrd) ~ warranties - conditii de limitare a sectoarelor de navigatie pentm navele asigurate institutional adj. instituţional ~ advertising - publicitate instituţio-nală (a uneifirme, menită sâ sporeascâ prestigiul acesteia) ~ economics - instituţionalism ~ investor - investitor instituţional (fonduri de pensii, societăţi de investiţii financiare etc.) ~ market - piaţă instituţionalâ ~ monopoly - monopol instituţional (instituit atunci când proprietarul unei mărci de fabrică o foloseşte pentru a-şi impune produsele prin publicitate şi ambalaj special pentru a le diferenţia cu orice preţ de oferta concurenţei) institutionalism 5. institutionalism instruct v.t. 1. a instrui, a pregăti (într-un domeniu) 2. a da instrucţiuni/ dispoziţii instruction s. 1. instrucţie, pregătire 2. pl. instrucţiuni, dispoziţii ~ book - manual de întreţinere; carte tehnică instrument s. 1. instrument, aparat, dispozitiv 2. instrument, act juridic; document oficial insurable adj. asigurabil ~ interest - interes asigurabil; obiect al asigurării

~ risk - risc asigurabil insurance s. asigurare ~ against all risks - asigurare contra tuturor riscurilor ~ against total loss - asigurare contra pierderii totale ~ agent/broker - agent/broker de asigurări ~ carrier - asigurat ~ certificate - certificat de asigurare ~ club - club de asigurare mutualâ (asociaţie de armatori care sunt în acelaşi timp asiguraţi şi asigurâtori) ~ commission - comision de asigurare (plătit agentului de asigurărî} ~ company - societate de asigurări ~ contract - contract de asigurare ~ free from particular average -asigurare fâră avarie particulară ~ fund - fond de asigurări ~ instructions - instmcţiuni de asigurare ~ note/slip - talon de asigurare ~ of cargo - asigurare a caricului/ încărcăturii ~ of hull - asigurare casco (a corpului navef) ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare ~ premium - primă de asigurare ~ rider - clauză suplimentară de asigurare ~ shares - actiuni ale unei societăţi de asigurări ~ surveyor - inspector de asigurări (în sectorul asigurârilor pentru accidente şi incendiî) ~ tariff - tarif de asigurare ~ value - valoare de asigurare ~ with particular average - asigurare cu avarie particulară insure v.t., v.i. a (se) asigura

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INS-INT 165 insured s. asigurat insurer ^. asigurător; societate de asigurări intangible adj. intangibil -- assets - active intangibile (brevete, licenţe, mârci defabricâ etc.) intellectual adj. intelectual ~ property - proprietate intelectuală intensive adj. intensiv ~ agriculture - agricultură intensivâ intercourse s. relaţii, legături {comerciale) interchangeable adj. interşanjabil, interschimbabil ~ bond - obligatiune interşanjabilă interest s. 1. interes, avantaj, profit 2. dobândă 3. pl. gmp de persoane cu interese (economice) comune; actio- nari; proprietari 4. (in) investiţii, sumă investitâ (fn), participare (Id), cotă- parte (din)', (dr.) drept (asupra), interese materiale (m) ~ bond - obligaţiune în contul dobânzii (pbligaţiune oferită când dobânda nu poatefi achitată în numerar)

cover - acoperirea dobânzii {indicator care arată de câte ori pot fi plătite dobânzile unei întreprinderi din profitul său brut) ~ expense - cheltuiala reprezentând dobânda ~ in suspense - dobândă de încasat de la clienţii insolvabili ~ penalty - dobândă penalizatoare ~ rate - rata dobânzii ~ rate inflationary premium - primă de inflaţie la rata dobânzii ~ warrant - cupon de dobândă to bear/to carry/to pay/to yield ~ - a aduce dobândă

interim s. inierimat adj. interimar; provizoriu ~ accounts - (cont.) contun provizorii ~ bond - certificat provizoriu de obligatiuni ~ committee - comitet interimar ~ dividend - dividend partial, acont asupra dividendului intermediary adj., s. intermediar ~ trade - comert intermediar intermediate adj. intermediar; mijlo- cit, indirect s. intermediar, mijlocitor v.i. a fi intermediar ~ goods/products - semifabricate ~ trade - comert intermediar intermediation s. intermediere, mijlo- cire intermittent adj. intermitent ~ demand - cerere intermitentâ internal adj. intem ~ audit - audit intem ~ debt - datorie publică/de stat ~ financing - finanţare intemâ ~ market - piaţă intemă ~ navigation - navigaţie interioară/ fluvială ~ rate of return -. rata intemă a rentabilităţii (rentabilitatea unei investiţii exprimată ca profît anual procentuaî raportat la investiţia iniţialâ) ~ regulations - regulament de ordine interioară ~ revenue - încasări fiscale ~ trade - comert interior ~ waters - ape interioare international adj. intemaţional ~ cheque'- cec turistic ~ company/corporation - societate/ corporaţie intematională ~ currency - valutâ intemaţională/forte

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166 INT-INV ~ investments - investiţii în strâinătate ~ law - drept intemaţional ~ liquidity - lichiditate intematională ~ market - piaţă intemaţională ~ money order - mandat poştal inter- naţional ~ trade - comert intemaţional ~ waters - ape intemaţionale interstate adj. interstatal ~ commerce - (SUA) comert interstatal intervention s. intervenţie (a statului în economie, a băncii centrale pe piaţa financiar-bancară etc.) interventionist s. intervenţionist {adept al intervenţiei statului în economie) interview 5. 1. întrevedere, întâlnire 2. interviu v.t. 1. a avea o întrevedere cu 2. a intervieva intestacy s. (dr.) 1. deces al unei persoane care nu lasă testament, succesiune ab intestat 2. incapacitate de a-şi testa bunurile intestate (rir.) adj. ab intestat, decedat fâră testament s. persoană decedată fără testament ~ succession - succesiune ab inîestat intrapreneurship s. intraprenoriat (promovarea calităţilor de antreprenor în interiorul marilor companii) intrinsic adj. intrinsec ~ value - valoare intrinsecâ/absolută (a unei monede, a unui produs) intrust v. entrust invalid adj. (dr.) nul şi neavenit, lipsit de valabilitate/ valoare, fară valoare/ efect ~ clause - clauză nulâ/fâră efect invalidate v.t. (dr.) a invalida, a declara nul şi neavenit

invalidity s. (dr) nulitate, lipsă de valabilitate/valoare; caracter inoperant invent v.î. a inventa inventor s. inventator inventory s. 1. inventar 2. stoc (de mărfuri, materii prime) v.t. a inventaria, a face inventarul ~ book - registru de inventar ~ control - gestiune a inventarului ~ conversion period - perioadă de conversie a stocurilor (timpul mediu necesar pentru a converti materiile prime în produse finite şi pentru a le vinde) ~ costing methods - (cont.) metode de evaluare a stocului (pentru alocarea costului de achiziţiepe stoc) ~ pressure - presiune a stocurilor de mărfuri, stocuri supranormative

turnover - rotaţia stocurilor (raportul dintre vânzări şi stocurî) ~ value - valoare de inventar to draw up an ~ - a face inventarul inverted adj. invers ~ takeover - (bur.) preluare inversă {cumpărarea unei societăţi anonime de către una cu răspundere limitată sau a unei societăţi mari de către una mai mică) invest v.t. a investi, a plasa investment s. 1. investiţie; plasament 2. portofoliu de investiţii ~ allowance - reduceri fiscale pentru investiţii (inlocuirea mijloacelor fixe UT.ate) ~ analysis - analiza investitiei ~ analyst - analist de investiţii ~ bank - bancă de investitii ~ bill - cambie de investiţie ~ capital - capital de investiţie

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INV-INW 167 ~ club - club de investiţii (asocierea niai multor persoane cu scopul de a constitui un portofoliu de investiţiî) ~ credit - credit de investiţie/pe termen lung ~ goods - mijloace de producţie ~ grants / incentives - subvenţii (guvemamentale) pentru investiţii ~ income - venit nemuncit (rente, dobânzi, dividende) ~ list - listă de valori recomandate (listă de titluri de valoare a căror cumpărare este recomandata) ~ manager - director al unui fond de investiţii ~ opportunity schedule - schema oportunităţilor de investiţii (grafic al oportunitâţilor de investiţii ale fîrmei clasate în ordinea ratei rentabilitâţii proiectelor)

performance requirements condiţii la realizarea unei investiţii (impuse investiţiilor străine directe de către guvernul ţării respective) ~ plan - plan de investiţii ~ portfolio - portofohu de investiţii ~ (trust) company - societate de investiţii financiare ~ turnover - rotaţia capitalului investor s. investitor ~ relations - relaţii cu investitorii invisible adj. invizibil ~ balance - balanţa invizibilâ (a serviciilor) ~ exports - exporturi invizibile (export de servicii) ~ imports - importuri invizibile (import de serviciî) ~ trade - comert invizibil (sectorul serviciilor) invoice s. factură v.t. a factura

~ amount - sumă facturată ~ book - facturier (camet) ~ clerk - facturier (funcţionar care întocmeşte facturi) ~ price - preţ facturat ~ typist - dactilograf de facturi ~ value - valoare facturată involuntary adj. involuntar ~ absentee - absent involuntar (de la locul de munca) ~ investment - investiţie involuntară (in stocuri de marfă, cauzatâ de producţia pe stoc) ~ saving - economie involuntară (de bani blocaţi în stocuri de marfă) ~ unemployment - şomaj involuntar (când patronii evită să faca noi angajări) involvement s. 1. implicare (a unui cumpârător în luarea unei decizii atunci când achiziţioneazâ un prodns) 1. complicaţie fînanciară; acumulare de datorii inward adj. (mar. ) intem, interior; spre interior ~ bill of lading - conosament pentru mărfuri de import ~ - bound - în curs de efectuare a călătoriei de înapoiere (despre navă)

cargo - caric/încărcâtură de înapoiere; marfa de import ~ charges - taxe de intrare (in port) ~ clearance bill - act de lichidare vamală la intrare/import ~ declaration - declaraţie vamală la intrare ~ manifest - manifest de intrare/import inwards adv. înăuntru, spre interior; pentru import ~ consignment - marfa sosită în port ~ entry - declaraţie vamală la intrare

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168 INW-ITI ironmonger s. negustor de articole de fier/fierârie ironmongery s. negoţ de articole de fier/fierărie irrecoverable adj. nerecuperabil ~ debt - datorie nerecuperabilă irredeemable adj. nerambursabil; neamortizabil s. pl. titluri de valoare neamortizabile ~ bond - obligaţiune neamortizabilă perpetuă (care nu are scadenţa) ~ currency / money - monedă necon- vertibilă ~ preference shares - acţiuni preferen- ţiale nerecuperabile (pe care societatea care le-a emis nu are dreptul să le răscumpere) irrevocable adj. irevocabil ~ letter of credit - acreditiv irevocabil issue 5'. 1. număr (al unui ziar); ediţie (a unei carţî) 2. emisiune (de titluri de valoare) 3. eliberare (de bilete, facturi etc.) 4. (dr.) punct în litigiu; problemă controversată v.t. 1. a emite, a pune în circulaţie (titluri de valoare) 2. a edita, a publica (o carte, un ziar) 3. a elibera (bilete, facturi etc.) ~ bank - bancă de emisiune ~ by tender - emisiune prin adjudecare ~ cost - cost de emisiune ~ house - firmă/bancă de intermediere (specializată în gâsirea de cumpărători pentru acţiunile etc. emise de clienţii ei)

~ market - piaţa emisiunilor ~ of fact - (dr.) punct litigios de fapt ~ of law - (dr.) punct litigios de drept ~ par - valoare nominală (a unei acţiunî) ~ power - privilegiu de emisiune ~ price - preţ de emisiune ~ prospectus - prospect de emisiune ~ voucher - bon de ieşire (din magazie) issuer s. emitent item ^. 1. paragraf, articol, punct (dintr-un contract}; articol contabil 2. chestiune, punct (de pe ordinea de zi) 3. informaţie, material, articol (de ziar) v.t. a nota, a însemna ~ s of tax preference - elemente de venit care se deduc înainte de stabilirea venitului impozabil ~ s on the agenda - puncte pe ordinea de zi itemize v.t. a specifica, a enumera (pe puncte) itemized adj. specificat, enumerat (pe puncte) ~ account - cont specificat ~ invoice - factură detaliată itinerant adj. ambulant ~ dealer - negustor ambulant

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J jerque v.t. (mar.) a face controlul vamal ~ note - certificat de control vamal jerry adj. de calitate inferioară; nerezistent (despre construcţii şi materiale de construcţiî) ~ building - construcţii de locuinţe din materiale proaste şi nerezistente (pentru obţinerea de profituri rapide) ~ - built - construit repede şi prost jetsam s. (mar.) încărcătură amncată peste bord (de pe o navă în pericol, care se scufunda sau este dusă de valuri la mal) jettison (mar.) s. aruncare peste bord a încărcăturii (pentru salvarea navei în caz de pericol) v.t. a amnca {incărcăturd) peste bord job s. 1. muncă, lucru, activitate 2. slujbă, serviciu; post, funcţie 3. afacere (rentabilâ); speculă; profit v.i. 1. a munci ocazional; a lucra în acord 2. a fi intermediar / misit; a specula, a trafica ~ analysis / study - analiza postului ~ breakdown - analiza / defalcarea componentelor postului ~ centre - oficiul fortelor de muncă ~ classification - clasificare a activităţilor / posturilor ~ classitication statistics - statistică a grupelor de activităţi ~ cycle - (/nan.) ciclu de muncă (pentru îndeplinirea sarcinilor speci- fice postuluî) ~ description - {man.) descriere a postului

~ dilution - divizare a unei activităţi (in munci / sarcini cu grad egal de dificultate) ~ enrichment - extindere a domeniului unei activităţi (prin mărirea râspun- derii) ~ evaluation - evaluare a postului (pentru încadrarea într-o categorie de salarizare) ~ family - grup de activităţi analoage ~ flow control - urmărire a secvenţei linităţilor de lucru în curs de operare ~ knowledge - cunoaştere a sarcinilor / specificului unui post ~ line - solduri ~ lot - {bur.) pachet incomplet de acţiuni; mărfuri (disparate) vândute angro, partidă de solduri ~ order - dispoziţie (scrisâ) de lucru ~ (-order) costing - determinare a costului unei activităţi (pentru fabricarea unui produs) ~ rate - normă de producţie ~ requirements - cerinţe / exigenţe ale unei activităţi ~ rotation - rotaţie a sarcinilor / locului de muncă ~ satisfaction - (man.) satisfacţia muncii (satisfacţia pe care un lucrător o obţine din activitatea sa) ~ sharing - partajare a postului (niodalitatea de a împărţi o slujbâ cu normă întreagă între doi sau mai mulţi angajaţi cu normă redusa)

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170 JOB-JOI ~ specification - (man.) prezentare (amănunţita) a sarcinilor şi a cerinţelor (specifice unui post) ~ step - etapă de lucru ~ test - test profesional ~ ticket - fişâ de lucru (cu instrucţiuni pentru îndeplinirea unei anumite sarcini) ~ title - denumire a postului ~ training - formare la locul de muncă ~ wage - salariu în acord ~ work - muncă în acord to be out of ~ - a şoma to be paid by the ~ - a fi plătit în acord to lie down on the ~ - a lucra prost / de mântuială jobber s. 1. muncitor în acord 2. angrosist 3. jobber, agent de bursă (care iniţial făcea tranzacţii numai cu brokerii) jobbery s. afacere necinstită (a unui funcţionar public); abuz de încredere jobholder s. 1. persoană angajată permanent 2. funcţionar de stat jobless adj. fară lucru, şomer joint adj. comun ~ account - cont comun ~ and several - (dr.) solidar şi individual ~ and several liability - răspundere solidară şi individuală ~ and survivorship - în comun şi pentru supravieţuitor (formulâ dintr-o poliţâ de asigurare de viaţă) ~ applicants - cosolicitanţi (ai unui brevet de invenţie) ~ benefîciaries - (dr.) beneficiari în indiviziune ~ committee - comisie mixtă (cu membri din cameră şi senat); comisie

comună (formată din reprezentanţii mai multor organizaţii) ~ costs - costuri comune ~ creditor - cocreditor ~ debtor - codebitor ~ demand - cerere complementară ~ founder - cofondator ~ heir - comoştenitor ~ life annuity - anuitate a poliţei comune de asigurare de viaţă ~ life and survivor annuity - anuitate a poliţei comune de asigurare de viaţă şi pentru supravieţuitor (cu anuitatea diminuată după decesul unuia dintre cei doi asiguraţî) ~ owner - coproprietar ~ ownership / tenancy - proprietate comună, indiviziune ~ partner - coasociat ~ purchase - coachiziţie ~ shares - acţiuni indivize ~ signature - semnătură colectivă / socială ~ stock - capital social ~ -stock banks - bănci comerciale ~ -stock company - societate pe acţiuni ~ supply - ofertă complementară (de produse) ~ survey - expertiză în contradictoriu ~ traffîc - trafic combinat (feroviar şi rutier) ~ venture - joint venture, societate mixtă (fonnă de asociere între două sau mai multe firme care îşi combină resursele pentru atingerea unui obiectiv specific) jointly adv. în comun ~ and severally - (dr.) solidar şi individual

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JOU-JL'S 171 journal s. 1. (cont.) jumal 2. revistâ; ziar, gazetâ journalize v.t. (cont.) a trece în jumal journey s. 1. câlătorie, voiaj 2. traseu, parcurs, rutâ v.i'. a câlâtori, a voiaja ~ order - comandă {adresată de detailist reprezentantului comercial când acesta viziteazâ magazinul) journeyman s. 1. meseriaş, calfă 2. zilier journeywork s. 1. lucru cu ziua 2. rutinâ, activitate cotidianâ judge s. judecâtor, magistrat v.i. a judeca; a da o sentinţâ ~ -made law - jurispmdenţâ judg(e)ment s. 1. judecare, judecatâ 2. sentinţâ, hotârâre judecătoreascâ - absolute - hotârâre defmitivâ ~ by default - judecare în contumacie ~ creditor - creditor prin hotârâre judecâtorească ~ debt - datorie insolvabilâ (confir-matâ prin hotârâre judecâtorească) ~ debtor - debitor (declarat de instanţâ) ~ for the plaintiff - sentinţă în favoarea reclamantului to pass ~ - a da sentinţa to reserve ~ - a amâna pronunţarea sentinţei junior adj. 1. junior 2. secundar; subaltem, subordonat s. 1. junior; persoană mai tânărâ 2. subaltem, subordonat ~ capital - capital în acţiuni comune ~ creditor - creditor general (firă drepturi preferenţiale) ~ issue - emisiune de titluri de valoare secundare

~ partner - asociat secundar ~ securities - titluri de valoare secundare (cu drepturi mai mici asupra activelor şi a veniturilor decăt alte titluri de valoare considerate prioritare) junk s. vechituri; gunoi; deşeuri adj. ieftin; farâ valoare, de proastă calitate ~ bond - obligaţiune cu risc mare {cu dobâmi înalte oferite în compensaţie pentru bonitatea adesea scâzută a emitentului) ~ mail - poştă murdară, gunoi (material publicitar care ajunge, nesolicitat, în cutia poştala) ~ shop - magazin de vechituri juridic(al) adj. juridic; legal ~ address - adresă legală jurisconsult s. jurisconsult jurisdiction s. jurisdicţie jurisdictional adj. jurisdicţional, de jurisdicţie ~ strike - (SUA) grevâ de delimitare (grevă cauzatâ de confîictul apârut între sindicate cu privire la ce categorie de muncitori ar trebui să execute anumite tipuri de lucrărî) juristic(al) adj. juridic ~ act - act juridic ~ person - persoană juridicâ just adv. tocmai, anume - -in-time - metoda în timpi reali (tehnică de control menită să diminueze volumul stocurilor pe care o societate cu profil de producţie trebuie să le păstreze)

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K Kaffîrs 5. pl. actiuni ale societăţilor din Africa de Sud (mai ales din sectorul extracţiei de aur) Kangaroos s. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor din Australia {din sectorul minier, al prelucrârii tutunului, al exploatării agricole etc.) keel s. (mar.) 1. chilă 2. şlep de cărbuni 3. unitate de măsură pentru cărbuni (27, 54 tone) ~ draft / draught - pescaj maxim / de construcţie keelage s. taxă portuarâ keen adj. 1. intens, acerb 2. competitiv, scăzut (despre preţurl) ~ competition - concurenţă acerbă keep s, întreţinere, subzistenţă; cheltuieli de întreţinere v.t. 1. a ţine, a avea (un magazin) 2. a ţine (mârfuri în stoc pentru vânzare) 3. a ţine (contabilitatea, evidenţd) 4. (back) a reţine (o sumă dîn) v.i. (up) a se menţine ridicat {despre preţurî) keeper s. 1. paznic; custode 2. proprietar (al unui magazin) ~ of the records - arhivar; grefier keg s. butoiaş (5-70 galoane) kerb s. bordură, margine (a trotuarului) ~ exchange — Bursa Americană de Valori

~ market - bursă neoficială ~ prices - curs la bursa neoficială ~ (-stone) broker - broker neoficial ~ trade - comert stradal key s. cheie adj. important, esenţial, de bază ~ currency - monedâ-cheie ~ industry - industrie-cheie / de bază ~ money - acont (plâtit la semnarea contractului de închiriere) kilogram(m)e s. kilogram kilderkin s. butoiaş (16-18 galoane) kind s. fel, categorie, calitate to pay in~ - a plăti în natură kite s. cambie de complezenţă v.i. a folosi o cambie de complezenţă ~ flyîng - folosire a unei cambii de complezenţă knitter s. 1. muncitor tricoter 2. maşină de tricotat knitting s. 1. tricotare 2. împletitură, lucru de mână knitwear s. tricotaje knock s. lovitură; şoc v.t. 1. a bate, a lovi 2. (down) a adjudeca (la Ucitaţie); a reduce, a micşora (preţul) 3. (off) a înceta (lucrul); a scădea (preţul) ~ • for - knock agreement - acord prin care societăţile de asignrare acordă despâgubiri în caz de accidente autofard a delimita răspunderile

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L label s. 1. etichetă 2. marca fabricii v.?. a eticheta labeller s. maşină de etichetat labo(u)r s. 1. muncă (grea); muncă fizică 2. mână de lucru, muncitori 3. clasa muncitoare v.i. a munci, a lucra ~ code - codul muncii ~ contract - contract de muncă ~ dispute - conflict de muncă ~ exchange - oficiul fortelor de muncă ~ force - fortâ de muncă ~ grading - încadrare într-o categorie de salarizare ~ hoarding - angajare de fortă de muncâ excedentară (pentru a evita lipsa acesteia în viitor) ~ -intensive - consumator de fortă de muncă (despre ramurile şi activitâţile industriale care necesitâ un volum mare deforţă de muncă) ~ legislation - legislaţia muncii ~ market - piaţa fortei de muncă ~ mobility - mobilitate a fortei de muncă ~ of love - muncă gratuită ~ protection - protectia muncii ~ relations - relaţii de muncă (intre patronat şi salariaţi sau sindicate) ~ safety rules - norme de securitatea muncii ~ - saving - care reduce forta de muncâ sau măreşte productivitatea muncii ~ turnover - fluctuaţie a forţei de muncă ~ union - sindicat muncitoresc

~ wastage pierdere de forţă de muncâ (din cauza angajaţilor care demisio-nează din motive personale) labo(u)rer s. muncitor necalificat; muncitor laches s. (dr.) nerespectare a terme-nului legal; întârziere nejustificată lade v.t. a încărca (mârfuri) laden adj. încărcat ~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj la plină încărcare ~ in bulk - încărcat m vrac (despre o nava) lading s. 1. încărcare 2. încărcătură; caric lag v.i. (behind) a înregistra restanţe; a se dezvolta încet lagan ^. (dr.) încărcătură/marfa aruncată m mare {balizată în vederea recuperâriî) laker s. navă de lacuri; navă (care navigheazăpe Marile Lacuri) lame adj. şchiop, infirm ~ duck - speculant care a pierdut (la bursă) o sumă mare de bani; societate falimentară (subvenţionată de stat), „barza chioară" land s. pământ, teren; proprietate funciară v.t. a debarca; a descărca (mărfurî} ~ act - legea fondului funciar

agent - agent imobiliar; administrator (al unei proprietăţi agricole} ~ bank - bancă agricolă/de credit funciar

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LAN-LAW 175 ~ betterment/improvement - îmbună- tăţiri funciare ~ carriage - transport pe uscat ~ offîce - (SUA) - cadastru, carte funciară ~ reform - reformă agrară ~ registry - cadastru, carte fiinciară ~ rent - rentă funciară ~ survey - ridicare topografică ~ tax - impozit funciar ~ use - agrotehnică ~ waiter - (mar.) controlor vamal landed adj. funciar ~ property - proprietate funciară landing s. descărcare (de mărfurî) ~ book - registru al mărfurilor descărcate ~ certificate - certificat de descărcare ~ dues - taxe de descărcare ~ offîcer - controlor vamal ~ order - permis vamal de descărcare ~ stage - dană plutitoare; rampă de descărcare ~ weight - greutate (a mârfurilor) la descărcare landlord s. 1. proprietar de pământ (care dă teren în arenda) 2. proprietar al unui imobil (pe care îl închiriază); patron de hotel, hotelier; hangiu landlordism s. sistem al marii proprietăţi funciare lapse s. 1. decădere din dreptun 2. pierdere a valabilitâţii v.i. 1. (dr.) a decădea din drepturi 2. a-şi pierde valabilitatea; a expira, a se termina {despre o poliţă de asigurare) larceny s. (dr.) furt last adj. ultim s. last (unitate de măsură pentru capacitate) ~ - in, fîrst-out - (cont.) ultimul intrat, primul ieşit (metodâ de control al

stocurilor care presnpune că ultimele mărfuri cumpărate vor fî utilizate primele în procesul de producţie) ~ sale - (bur.) ultima vânzare lastage (mar.) 1. încărcătură, balast 2. capacitate de încărcare latent adj. latent; ascuns ~ defect - defect/viciu ascuns ~ partner - comanditar lateral adj. lateral, orizontal ~ integration - integrare orizontală laundering s. spălare (a banilor) law s. 1. lege; legislaţie 2. drept; jurispmdenţă ~ adviser - consilierjuridic ~ case - proces civil ~ court - instanţă de judecată; tribunal ~ department - contencios ~ merchant - drept comercial ~ of nations - drept intemaţional ~ of property - legislaţia privind proprietatea ~ of the sea - drept maritim to carry

out/to put into force a ~ - a aplica o lege to evade the - - a eluda legea to hold good in - - a fi întemeiat din punct de vederejuridic to give effect to a ~ - a pune o lege în vigoare to keep/to observe the ~ - a respecta legea to possess force of — -a avea putere de lege lawful adj. legal, licit ~ merchandise - mărfuri licite ~ money - monedă legală ~ trade - comert licit lawfulness s. legalitate lawless adj. nelegal, ilicit lawsuit s. acţiune judiciară, proces

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176 LAW-LEG lawyer s. 1. avocat 2. jurist lay v.t. 1. a impune, a fixa (preţuri, impozite etc.) 1. (aside, by) a strânge, a acumula 3. a rezerva, a pune deoparte (mârfurî) până la achitarea sau solicitarea lor 4. (down) a formula, a stabili (reguli, principu) 5. (in, up) a strânge, a aduna (provizii); a depozita, a înmagazina (mărfuri} 6. (off) a concedia (temporar) 7. (out) a cheltui (bani); a expune (mârfurî} 8. (over) a amâna ~ days - (mar.) stalii layout s. plan, proiect; machetă lead s. conducere; comandă, directivă v.t. a conduce, a dirija ~ time - timp total (in gestiunea stocurilor, timpul scurs de la efectuarea unei comenzi şi până la îndeplinirea ei sau timpul necesar pentrn a determina un consumator să cumpere) leader s. 1. conducător, şef; lider 2. editorial, articol de fond (în ziar) 3. (com.) lider {articol vândut ieftin pentru a atrage clienteld) 4. (biir.) actiune atractivă (frecvent tranzacţi- nata) leading adj. principal, de primă importanţă s. conducere, dirijare ~ and lagging - anticipare şi temporizare (indicatorii activitâţii economice naţionale sunt fie previzionaţi, fie confîrmaţi, după producerea transformărilor) ~ article - editorial, articol de fond (in ziar) ~ hand - şef de echipă; marinar brevetat ~ underwriter - asigurător principal ~ vessel - navă-cap de convoi

leaflet s. prospect, broşură; foaie volantă leakage s. l.scurgere 2. (com.) redu- cere de preţ acordată pentru pierderile prin scurgere ~ loss - pierdere prin scurgere lease s. 1. închiriere; arendare; chirie; arendă 2. contract de închiriere sau arendare v.t. a închira, a arenda to let out on ~ - a da cu chirie; a da în arendă to take on ~ - a lua cu chirie; a lua în arendă leas.eback s. leaseback (practica prin intermediul câreia o firmă vinde unei societăţi financiare sau imobiliare o proprietate care îi aparfine şi apoi o închiriază imediat de la aceastd) leasehold s. proprietate luată cu chirie sau în arendă adj. închiriat; arendat ~ mortgage - ipotecare a proprietăţii închiriate; (SUA) ipotecă prin închiriere ~ property - proprietate închiriată leaseholder s. chiriaş; arendaş leasing s. leasing (sistem definanţare a investiţiilor prin care o fînnă închiri- azâ maşini şi utilaje moderne de la societăţi specializate) ledger s. (cont.) cartea mare, registru de partizi, maestru ~ account - cont din cartea mare legacy ^. moştenire ~ duty - taxă succesorală legal adj. 1. legal 2. juridic ~ access - (dr.) acces legal (dreptul unor persoane de a intra pe o proprietate, de a avea acces la unele documente) ~ action - acţiune în justiţie ~ address - adresă juridică ~ adviser - consilierjuridic

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LEG-LET 177 - assets - (dr.) activ succesoral - capacity - capacitate legală ~ charge - ipotecă -- charges - onorariu al avocatului ~ constraint - restricţie legală ~ day - zi legală (zi completă care durează pâna la miezul nopţii, moment până când un debitor are termen legal pentru a-şi achita datoria scadenta) ~ delivery - punere în posesie din punct de vedere legal/juridic ~ department - contencios ~ entity - persoanăjuridică ~ estate - proprietate legală ~ expert -jurisconsult ~ holiday - sărbătoare legală ~ investments - (SUA) investiţii legale (titluri de valoare sub administrare fiduciarâ) ~ monopoly - monopol legal ~ mortgage - ipotecă legală ~ notice - notificare ~ person - persoanăjuridică ~ quay - chei vamal ~ remedy - compensaţie, reparaţie, despăgubire ~ reserve - rezervă legală (yaloarea minimâ a lichidităţii pe care o banca este obligatâprin lege să o deţina) ~ settlement - (dr.) concordat ~ status - personalitatejuridică ~ tender - mijloace legale de plată ~ title - titlu legal de proprietate legalize v.t. a legaliza; a autentifica legate v.t. (dr.) a lega, a testa legatee s. (dr.) legatar legator s. (dr.) testator legislation s. legislaţie leisure s. timp liber, răpaz adj. liber, neocupat ~ industry - industria timpului liber

lend v.t., v.i. a împrumuta, a da cu împrumut lendable adj. care poate fi împrumutat lender s. creditor ~ of the last resort - creditor în ultimă instanţă (rol jucat de banca centrală a unei ţâri) less adj., adv. mai puţin ~ developed countries/nations - ţări subdezvoltate ~ - than-carload/truckload consign-ment - expediere subvagonală lessee s. chiriaş; arendaş lessor s. persoanâ care dă cu chirie sau în arendâ let s. închiriere, dare cu chirie v.î. (şi ~ off, out) a îhchiria, a da cu chirie letter s. scrisoare ~ ofadvice - scrisoare de avizare, aviz ~ of allotment - aviz de atribuire a acţiunilor ~ of application - scrisoare/formular de cerere de subscriere la acţiuni ~ of appointment - scrisoare de numire (intr-un posî) ~ of attorney - procură ~ of comfort - scrisoare de sprijin/ recomandare (pentfu obţinerea unui împrumut) ~ of concern - scrisoare de preocupare (trimisâ de bancă unui client cu dificultăţi fînanciare) ~ of credit - acreditiv, scrisoare de credit ~ of deposit - scrisoare/conventie de depunere (ca garanţie) ~ of hypothecation - scrisoare de gaj ~ of indenmity - scrisoare de garanţie ~ of inquiry - scrisoare de cerere de ofertă; scrisoare de cerere de informaţii ~ of intent - scrisoare de intenţie

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178 LET-LIE ~ of introduction/recommendation - scrisoare de recomandare ~ of lien - scrisoare de acordare a dreptului de retenţie ~ of procuration - procură; mandat ~ of regret - scrisoare de scuze (pentru respingerea cererii de subscriere la acţiuni) ~ of reminder - scrisoare de revenire ~ of renunciation - scrisoare de renunţare (la atribuirea de acţiuni) ~ s of administration - procură de administrare (a averii unei persoane decedate) ~ s of credence - scrisori de acreditare ~ s patent - brevet de invenţie letterhead s. antet; scrisoare sau hârtie cu antet letting s. proprietate închiriată level s. nivel v.t. a egaliza, a uniformiza ~ of living - (SUA) standard de viaţă ~ of prices - nivel al preţurilor ~ payment amortization - amortizare în sume fixe ~ tendering - ofertă secretă/ilicită, coluziune {înţelegere secretă a mai multor fîrrne care sunt oficial în concurenţă) leverage s. (fîn.) (SUA) efect de pârghie (rata de îndatorare în raport cu fondurile proprii ale unei companii) leviable adj. impozabil ~ person - persoană impozabilă ~ tax - impozit care poate fi perceput levy s. 1. percepere de impozite; sumă impusă 2. sechestru judiciar 3. cotizaţie, contribuţie v.t. a strânge, a percepe (impozite) v.i. 1. a percepe impozite 2. a lua în posesie o proprietate (fn baza unei hotărâri judecâtoreştî}

liability s. 1. răspundere 2. obligaţie, angajament 3. pl. (cont.) pasive ~ insurance - asigurare de răspundere civilă ~ limit - despâgubire maximă (plătită de asigurător)

management - managementul pasivelor (politica băncilor de atragere a fondurilor prin ratele dobânzilor practicate) ~ reserve - fond de rezervă pentru datorii to incur a ~ - a contracta o obligaţie to meet one's liabilities - a-şi îndeplini obligaţiile liable adj. 1. (for) răspunzător pentru/de 2. (to) obligat să; pasibil de liberalism s. liberalism liberalization s. liberalizare (a schimburilor comerciale internaţionale prin înlăturarea barierelor de natură economicâ sau politicâ ori a acordării creditelor prin eliminarea controlului exercitat de stat asupra dobânzilor, cursurilor de schimb etc.) licence s. licenţă; autorizaţie license v.t. a autoriza, a elibera o licenţă/autorizaţie licensee s. deţinător/titular al unei autorizaţii/licenţe licenser s. persoană/autoritate care acordă autorizaţii/licenţe licensor v. licenser lien s. (dr.) drept de retentie ~ clause - clauza dreptului de retenţie ~ holder - beneficiar al unui drept de retenţie ~ on cargo - drept de retentie asupra mărfii - on shares - drept de retenţie asupra acţiunilor

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UE-LIM 179 Benee s. debitor (supus unui drept de retenţie) lienor s. creditor (beneficiar al unui drept de retenţie) life s. 1. viaţă 2. durată de functionare/ serviciu {a unui utilaj etc.) adj. pe viaţă; viager ~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate viageră ~ assurance/insurance - asigurare de viaţă ~ assurance/insurance company - societate de asigurări de viaţă ~ cycle - ciclu de viaţă (al produsuluî) ~ - cycle costing - evaluare a costurilor exploatării pe durata de viaţă (a unui utilaj) ~ estate - proprietate în folosinţă pe viaţă ~ expectancy - (asig.) speranţă de viaţâ ~ income - rentă viageră ~ interest - (dr.) uzufmct viager ~ office - societate de asigurări de viaţă ~ pension - pensie viageră ~ style - stil de viaţă {corespunzător unui anumit segment depiaţă) ~ tables - statistica speranţei de viaţă ~ tenant - (dr.) chiriaş sau arendaş pe viaţă ligan v. lagan light adj. uşor ~ cargo - caric uşor ~ cargo ship / vessel - cargou de mărfuri uşoare ~ crude (oil) - ţiţei uşor / parafinos ~ displacement - deplasament al navei goale ~ draft / draught - pescaj de navă fâră încărcătură ~ dues - taxe de far / balizaj ~ goods - mărfuri uşoare

~ grain - cereale uşoare {ovăz, orz, seminţe de bumbac) ~ industry - industria uşoară ~ lorry / truck - camionetă ~ naphtha - benzină uşoară ~ oils - produse petroliere albe ~ passage - călătorie în balast (a petrolierelor şi a mineralierelor) ~ - ship condition - fară marfâ (stare deplutire a naveifără marfă şi balast) ~ - ship displacement - deplasament al navei goale / fâră marfâ ~ • ship weight - greutate a navei goale lighter s. şlep de alimbare; mahonă; şalandă v.t. a transporta pe şlepuri / mahoane ~ berth - dană pentru şlepuri lighterage s. (mar.) 1. alimbare, mahonare 2. cheltuieli de alimbare / mahonare ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare a alimbării ~ wharf - chei pentru mijloace de alimbare / mahonare lightning s. fulger adj. fulgerător, rapid ~ strike - grevă - fulger / declanşată spontan lightweight adj. uşor ~ tonnage - (mar.) greutate a navei goale limit s. 1. limită 2. preţ-limită v.t. a limita; a restrânge ~ of credit - limită de credit to keep within the ~s - a se menţine între anumite limite limitation s. 1. limitare 2. restricţie, rezervă, calificare 3. (rfr.) prescripţie (extinctivă') ~ of actions - prescripţie extinctivă ~ of liability - limitare a răspunderii

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180 LIM-LIQ limited adj. 1. limitat 2. cu răspundere limitată ~ and reduced - cu răspundere limitată şi capital redus ~ branching (SUA) ramificare limitată (legi care Umiteazâ înfiinţarea sucursalelor bancare) ~ by guarantee - limitată la suma garantată de acţionari (despre răspunderea acţionarilor} ~ by shares - limitată la capitolul subscris (despre răspunderea acţiona- rilor) ~ cheque - cec cu limitâ de sumă ~ legal tender - mijloace legale limitate de plată ~ letter of credit - acreditiv limitat ~ liability - răspundere limitată ~ (liability) company - societate cu răspundere limitată ~ market - piaţă restrânsâ ~ monarchy - monarhie constitutio- nală ~ order - (bur.) ordin limitat (de a cumpâra sau de a vinde titluri de valoare în limitele unei anumite fluctuaţii a cursurilor) ~ partner - comanditar ~ partnership - societate m comandită ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare limitată (care asigură numai anumite riscurî) ~ price - (bur.) curs limitat line s. 1. linie (de comunicaţie) 2. domeniu, branşă, ramură 3. linie, gamă (de articole, mărfurî} 4. (bur.) pachet (mare) de acţiuni (cumpârat sau vândut de un singur investitor)

and staff management -management de conducere şi personal (grupul de manageri care organizează producţia şi serviciile într-o companie)

~ extension - extindere a liniei de produse ~ filling - diversificare a liniei de produse ~ of business - branşă / ramură de afaceri ~ of command - (man.) linie de comandă ~ of credit - linie de credit ~ production - producţie în flux linear adj. liniar ~ reduction of tarifîs - reducere liniară/orizontală a taxelor vamale (reducerea cu acelaşi procent a tuturor taxelor vamale ale ţărilor participante la o rundă de negocieri comerciale) liner s. navă sau avion de linie / curse regulate ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament de linie ~ company - companie de nave de linie ~ conference - cartel al armatorilor de nave de linie ~ rates - (mar.) navluri de linie ~ shipping - navigaţie regulată / de linie ~ terms — condiţii de linie ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor de linie linertime s. (mar.) linertime (denumire de cod a contractului de navlosire pe timp) link s. verigă (subdiviziune a lanţului de măsurări topografîce) liquid adj. lichid ~ assets - active lichide / disponibile, disponibilităţi ~ capital - capital lichid / circulant, fond de rulment ~ market - piaţă lichidă

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UQ-LOA 181

liquidate v.t. 1. a lichida, a achita (o datorie) 2. a lichida, a desfiinţa (o întreprindere) v.i. 1. a-şi plăti datoriile 2. a intra în lichidare (despre o întreprindere) 3. a-şi desface mărfurile (fără a reface stocul) liquidated adj. lichidat, achitat; desfiinţat ~ damages - daune contractuale ~ demurrage - (mar.) contrastalii contractuale liquidation s. 1. lichidare, achitare (a unei datorii) 2. desfiinţare (a unei întreprinderî) to be in - - a fi în lichidare to go into ~ - a intra în lichidare liquidator s. (dr.) lichidator liquidity s. (fm.) lichiditate ~ preference - preferinţă pentru lichidităţi (dorinţa de a deţine bani lichizi) ~ ratio - coeficient de lichiditate (raportul dintre activele Uchide şi datoriile curente ale uneifirme) ~ risk - risc de lichiditate (incapa- citatea intermediarilor financiari de a onora obligaţiile financiare pe termen scurt) ~ trap - capcana lichidităţilor (situaţie apărută atunci când dobânzile pentru obligaţiuni sunt atât de scăzute, încât posibilii ihvestitori optează pentru deţinerea de numerar) list s. listă; tabel; inventar; borderou; registru, catalog v.t. a înscrie pe listă, a înregistra; (bur.) a cota, a lista ~ of goods - listă / nomenclator de mărfuri ~ of quotations - buletin bursier ~ of shortage - specificaţie de lipsuri la predare (despre marfa)

~ price - preţ de catalog listed adj. cotat, listat (la bursă) ~ company - societate cotată ~ shares - acţiuni cotate listless adj. (bur.) inactiv litigant adj. litigios, în litigiu s. parte litigiantă ~ parties - părti în litigiu litigate v.i. a fi în litigiu, a se judeca litigation s. litigiu, diferend litigious adj. litigios live adj. viu ~ broadcast - emisiune în direct ~ cattle - animale / vite vii (categorie de marfa) ~ weight - greutate vie (a animalului înainte de tăiere) livelihood s. mijloace de trai; subzistenţă, întreţinere lively adj. (bur.) activ ~ market - piaţă activă / animată livestock s. şeptel, inventar viu ~ dealer - negustor de vite ~ farm - fermă zootehnică living adj. viu s. 1. viaţă, existenţă 2. mijloace de trai ~ debt - datorie (publicâ) productivă (imprumut investit de stat în active productive} ~ essentials - articole de primă necesitate ~ standard - standard de viaţă, nivel de trai ~ wage - salariu de subzistenţă to earn one's ~ - a-şi câştiga existenţa load s. 1. sarcină; încărcătură; (mar.) caric 2. load (unitate de măsura pentru capacitate) v.t. a încărca v.i. a încărca, a lua încărcătură ~ capacity - capacitate de încărcare ~ coeffîcient - coeficient de încărcare

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182 LOA ~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament de plină încărcare ~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj de plină încărcare ~ line / mark - (mar.) linie / marcă de încărcare ~ pack - bal, balot de iparfă ~ per unit - încârcaf'e per unitate de spatiu ~ waterline - (mar.) linie de plutire de plină încărcare ~ watermark - (mar.) marcă de încărcare / bord liber loaded adj. încărcat ~ arrival - sosire cu încărcătură şi cu plinurile consumate (despre nava) ~ condition - stare de încărcare (a navei) ~ departure - plecare cu încărcătură şi cu plinurile facute (despre nava) ~ passage / voyage - călătorie cu caric la bord

premium - (asig.) primă suplimentară ~ price - preţ încărcat / exagerat loader s. încărcător, hamal; docher, muncitor portuar loading s. 1. încărcare 2. încărcătură; (mar.) caric 3. (asig.) primă suplimentară ~ berth - dană de încărcare ~ broker - agent de încărcare ~ capacity - capacitate de încârcare ~ charges / expenses - cheltuieli de încărcare

contractor - antreprenor de încărcare ~ days - (mar.) stalii fixe, zile contractuale de încărcare ~ facilities - mijloace / instalaţii de încărcare

~ gauge - gabarit de încărcare ~ gear - instalaţie de încărcare ~ hand - încărcare manuală; echipă de încărcare manualâ ~ hatch - gură de magazie, bocaport ~ in bulk - încărcare în vrac ~ in turn - încărcare la rând ~ order - ordin/dispoziţie de încărcare ~ rate - normă de încărcare ~ time - perioadă de încărcare ~ turn - rând la încărcare loan s. dare cu împmmut; împrumut, credit v.t. a împrumuta, a da cu împrumut ~ account - cont de credit ~ administrator / officer - inspector de credit ~ against security / on collateral - împrumut pe bază de garanţie ~ amortization schedule - program de amortizare a împrumutului ~ capital - capital în obligaţiuni ~ club / society - societate de credit (cufonduri constituite din vărsămintele membrilor) ~ loss provision - provizion pentru pierderi de credite ~ market - piaţă financiară (a împrumuturilor pe termen mediu şi lung); piaţă monetară (a împrumutu- rilor pe termenfoarîe scurt) ~ note / stock - titlu de creanţă ~ office - casă de împmmut; casă de amanet ~ schedule - program de eşalonare a creditului ~ shark - cămătar ~ submission - documentaţie de credit - syndicate - sindicat de credit ~ value - valoare de răscumpărare (a unei poliţe de asigurare)

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LOA-LON 183 to float a ~ - a lansa un împrumut to grant a ~ - a acorda un împmmut to issue a ~ - a emite un împrumut loanable adj. de împrumut, care poate fi împrumutat loaner s. creditor local adj. local; regional ~ agent - agent (comercial) local ~ authority / body / government - administraţie locală ~ authority bond - obligaţiune municipală ~ bank - bancă regională, sucursală ~ board - consiliu de admimstraţie regionîil ~ budget - buget local / regional ~ director - membru al unui consiliu de administraţie regional ~ financial co-operative - cooperativă de credit local ~ industry - industrie locală ~ tax - impozite locale / municipale ~ time - ora locală ~ trade - comert local / regional ~ union - comitet sindical (de întreprindere) localization s. 1. localizare 2. descentralizare ~ of industry - localizare a industriei (proces opus globalizârii) location s. amplasare ~ theory - teoria amplasării (factori şi criterii care determină amplasarea capacităţilor industriale într-o anumită zonâ) lock s. ecluză v.t. 1. (away, up), a bloca, a imobiliza (un capitat) 2. (out) a declara lockout lockage s. 1. ecluzare, trecere prin ecluză 2. taxe de ecluzare ~ tolls - taxe de ecluzare

lockaway v. lockup lockout s. lockout, grevă patronală (inchiderea fabricii de către patronat pe o anumitâ perioadă pentru a nu satisface revendicările salariaţilor) lockup s. 1. investiţie pe termen lung 2. capital blocat / imobilizat lodge v.t. 1. a găzdui, a caza 2. a depune, a depozita, a încredinţa spre păstrare (acte, valori) 3. a împutemici 4. a depune (o plângere); a oferi (informaţii) 5. (despre vânt, ploaie) a culca, a doborî (holdele) v.i. a locui (cu chirie} lodger s. chiriaş, locatar lodging s. 1. găzduire, cazare 2. locuinţă, casă; pl. camere sau apartamente cu chirie / de închiriat ~ house - casâ cu apartamente sau camere de închiriat logging v. lumbering logistics s. logistică long adj. 1. lung 2. (bur.) cumpărat în speranţa creşterii cursului (despre pachete de acţiuni, partizi de mărfurî) s. 1. speculant ă la hausse 2. pl. titluri de valoare pe termen lung ~ -dated bill - cambie pe termen lung ~ day - zi de lucru cu ore suplimentare ~ dozen - (com.) duzină mare (cu 13 bucăţi) ~ hedging - hedging realizat prin cumpărarea de contracte futures ~ hundred - (com.) 120 de bucăţi ~ lease - concesionare pe termen lung ~ position - (bur.) acoperire exceden- tară (cumpârarea unui numâr mai mare de titluri decât potfi vândute) ~ price - preţ mare ~ rate - dobândă pentru cambiile pe termen lung

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184 LON-LOW ~ -term investment - investiţie pe termen lung ~ -term liabilities - datorii pe termen lung ~ ton - tonă lungă / engleză to be ~ - (bur.) a specula ă la hausse longshoreman s. docher, muncitor portuar loose adj. 1. desfăcut, neambalat (despre marfa) 2. mărunt (despre banî} ~ bulk cargo - caric / încărcătură în vrac ~ cash / change / money - mâmnţiş, bani mâmnţi ~ collected - risipiri colectate (marjd scursă din ambalaje, dar încâ vandabila) ~ goods - mărfuri neambalate / desfacute ~ - leaf - cu foi libere / detaşabile (despre calendare, registre etc.) ~ standard - normă nerigidă loropron. loro ~ account - cont loro (cont deschis de o bancă din străinătate pentru corespondentul sau dintr-o altâ ţară cu scopul de înregistra sumele care se încasează în folosul său) lorry s. 1. (auto)camion 2. vagon- -platformă; vagonet ~ tractor - tractor - remorcher ~ -trailer combination - tren rutier, ansamblu autocamion - remorcă lose v.t., v.i. a pierde loser s. persoană care pierde, păgubaş loss s. pierdere; pagubâ; prejudiciu, daună ~ allowance - normă de pierderi admise ~ and gain / profit account - (cont.) cont de pierderi şi profit

~ leader - articol vândut în pierdere (penîru a atrage clientela) ~ maker - afacere / societate care produce pierderi ~ -of-profits policy - poliţă de asigurare indirectă / contra pierderii profitului ~ ratio - rata pierderilor (raportul dintre primele încasate şi despăgu- birile plâtite de o societate de asigurârî) lost adj. pierdut ~ days - zile (de lucru) pierdute (din cauza unui conflict de munca) ~ or not lost - (asig. mar.) pierdut sau nepierdut ~ property - obiecte pierdute (intr-un loc public) ~ space - spaţiu mort / pierdut {din cauw stivuirii defectuoase) ~ time - timp mort; întrerupere a lucrului lot A'. 1. lot 2. parcelă, lot (de teren) 3. cotă, parte 4. {bur.) pachet (de acţiuni); partidă de (mărfurî) 5. taxă, impozit v.t. (şi ~ out) a împărti în loturi; a parcela ~ money - comision per lot (yândut la licitaţie) ~ of goods - partidă de mărfuri ~ production - producţie în serie ~ -quality cost - cost al calităţii pe lot ~ -size inventory - inventar pe stocuri lottery s. loterie ~ bond - obligaţiune cu câştiguri ~ sampling - eşantionare prin tragere la sorti low adj. 1. scăzut, redus (despre preţuri, tarife) 2. inferior (despre caliîate) 3. insuficient (despre stocuri, rezeve) adv. la preţ scăzut / redus, ieftin

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LOW-LUX 185 ~ -class / - grade - de calitate inferioară ~ -duty goods - mârfuri cu tarif vamal scâzut ~ freight - (mar.) navlu scâzut ~ - involvement product - produs cu implicare scăzută (pe care cumpără- torul se hotărăşte uşor să-l achiziţio- nei.e) ~ - measurement goods - mârfuri cu volum redus ~ offer - ofertă la preţ scăzut ~ quality - calitate inferioară ~ season - sezon mort ~ stocks - stocuri insuficiente to buy ~ - a cumpâra ieftin to run ~ - a se epuiza (despre rezerve, stocurî) lower v.î., v.i. a scădea, a (se) reduce (despre preţuri, tarife etc.) lucrative adj. lucrativ, rentabil lull s. (bur.) acalmie lumber (SUA) s. cherestea; lemn de construcţie v.;'. a tâia lemne lumbering s. (SUA) 1. exploatare forestieră 2. comert de cherestea lumberjack s. (SUA) muncitor fores- tier lumberman v. lumberjack

lumbermill s. (SUA) fabricâ de cherestea lumberyard s. {SUA) depozit de cherestea lump s. 1. masâ, grâmadă 2. bulgăre; minereu în bulgări 3. bloc de metal, lingou; piesă brutâ 4. gabară, şalupă portuarâ adj. global; forfetar v.t. a aduna, a strânge; a cumula, a reuni ~ coal - cărbune-bulgâri ~ ore - minereu-bulgâri ~ sum - sumâ globalâ / forfetară ~ -sum charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire cu navlu global / forfetar ~ -sum freight - (mar.) navlu global / forfetar ~ -sum tax - impozit global/forfetar to sell by / in the ~ - a vinde angro lumper s. docher, muncitor portuar luncheon s. masă de prânz ~ voucher - bon / tichet de masâ (oferit salariaţilor de firma unde lucreaza) luxury ^. 1. lux 2. articol de lux adj. luxos, delux ~ article - articol de lux ~ tax - taxâ somptuarâ ~ trade - comert cu articole de lux

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M machine s maşină; mecanism, dispozitiv v.t. a prelucra (mecanic), a uzina ~ components/elements/parts - piese/ organe de maşini ~ - hour rate - cost orar de funcţionare a maşinii; cost orar de ţinere la dispoziţie a maşinii ~ idle time - timp de nefuncţionare a maşinii ~ industry - industria construcţiilor de maşini ~ loading - alocare de sarcini specifice fiecărui utilaj (din cadrul fabricii) ~ man - mecanic; lăcătuş mecanic ~ shop - atelier mecanic ~ tool - maşină - unealtă ~ works - uzină constmctoare de maşini machinery s. 1 piesă/organ de maşină; mecanism 2. utilaj; instalaţie de exploatare -certiHcate - (mar.) certificat de maşini machinist s. mecanic; maşinist macroeconomic adj. macroeconomic ~ analysis - analiză macroeconomică macroeconomics s. macroeconomie macromarketing s. macromarketing magnate s. magnat mail s. poştă; corespondenţă adj. poştal v.t. a expedia prin poştă ~ - in-premium - primă / avantaj oferit(ă) contra expedierii unui bon (care dovedeşte achiziţionarea unor produse)

~ order - (com.) comandă prin poştă ~ - order catalogue - catalog de oferte pentm comenzi prin poştă ~ • order house - firmă cu vânzare pe bază de comenzi prin poştă ~ service - serviciu poştal ~ transfer - transfer poştal/letric mailable adj. care poate fi expediat prin poştă mailshot s. material publicitar poştal majority s. 1. majoritate 2. (dr.) majorat ~ interests - participaţie majoritară (la o societate) make s. 1. marcă (de fabricâ); tip, model; formă, structură 2. produs 3. producţie v.t. 1. a face 2. (out) a redacta (un contract); a elibera (un certificat); a emite (un cec) 3. (over) a transfera, a transmite 4. (up) a plăti (o datorie); a acoperi (un deficif); a încheia (un bilanţ contabil) ~ - work - comenzi/lucrări inutile (pentru a evita trecerea muncitorilor în şomaj) to ~ a market - a crea o piaţă to ~ an award - a da o sentinţă {de arbitraj) to ~ good a loss - a compensa o pierdere to ~ good use of - a valorifica to ~ payment - a plăti to -protest of a bill - a protesta o cambie maker s. 1. fabricant, producător 2. emitent (al unui bilet la ordin)

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MAK-MAN 187

~ 's name plate - plăcuţa fabricii constructoare ~ 's price - preţ de fabrică/producător makeweight s. adaos/supliment la greutate maladministration s. proastă adminis- trare/conducere malfeasance s. infracţiune man s. om v.t. a echipa, a arma (o navâ) ~ - hour - oră-om (unitate de măsură a timpului de lucru) manage v.t. a conduce, a administra managed adj. administrat ~ currency/money - monedă dirijată ~ exchange rate - curs de schimb dirijat ~ fund - fond mutual administrat (de manageri profesioniştî) management s. management, condu- cere, administraţie ~ accounting - contabilitate manage- rială (date în baza cărora se asigurâ conducerea, planificarea, sarcinile administrative) ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi manage- riale ~ appraisal - evaluare a eficienţei managerilor ~ buy-in - privatizarea unei societăţi prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de acţiuni de către o echipă managerială din afara ei ~ buy-out - privatizarea unei societăţi prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de acţîuni de către conducerea existentă ~ by exception - management prin eliminare (a datelor nesemnificative din bugete sau planuri în scopul unei corecţiî) ~ by objectives - management prin obiective (pentru o eficienţă sporită)

~ by principle - management bazat pe principiul rezultatelor (bune sau rele) ~ by walking about - management prin prezenţă -charges - cheltuieli de administraţie şi regie ~ company - societate de management (care administrează mai multe fonduri mutuale) ~ consultant - consultant managerial ~ development - dezvoltare manage-rială ~ discretion - calitate/competenţă a conducerii de a lua decizii ~ engineering - tehnologia manage-mentului, organizarea conducerii întreprinderii ~ game -joc/simulare de management ~ information system - sistem informatic de gestiune ~ job description - descriere a sarcinilor de serviciu ale unui director sau specialist ~ ratio - rata managerilor (la 1000 de lucrătorî); date (sub forma diverselor rate şi raporturî} la dispoziţia condu-cerii ~ services - servicii inteme de consultanţă managerială ~ shares - acţiuni manageriale ~ style - stil de conducere ~ threshold - prag de trecere de la un post de specialitate la un post de conducere manager s. 1. manager, director 2. procurist, mandatar (imputernicit să conducă o afacere în interesul creditorilor) ~ s' shares - acţiuni manageriale

managerial adj. managerial ~ accounting - contabilitate manage-rială ~ economics - economie managerială

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188 MAN-MAR ~ finance - fînanţe manageriale ~ grid - grilă managerială (sistem de evaluare a competenţei manageriale) managership s. conducere; funcţie de manager managing adj. de conducere ~ board - consiliu de administraţie ~ director - administrator delegat ~ owaer - (mar.) armator - administrator ~ partner - asociat - administrator ~ staff- personal/cadre de conducere mandatary s. mandatar mandate s. mandat; procură, împuter- nicire ~ form - scrisoare cu semnăturile autorizate mandatory adj. mandatat, împutemicit s. mandatar manhandle v.t. a manipula manual (mărfuri) manifest (mar.) s. manifest de mărfuri încărcate, declaraţie de expediţie v.t. a înscrie (marfa) într-o declaraţie de expeditie manifold s. manifold manning s. încadrare cu personal ~ agreement - acord de angajare (de forţă de muncă iiecesarâ pentru anumite lucrâri, încheiat între conducere şi sindicate) manpower s. fortă de muncă, mână de lucru manual adj. manual ~ labour/work - muncă manuală mănufacture s. 1. fabricare, prelucrare 2. fabricat, produs 3. productie v.t. a fabrica, a produce manufacturer s. fabricant, producător; industriaş ~ 's agent - fi-anşizat (beneficiar al unei licenţe defranşizaj)

~ 's brand/mark - marca fabricii/ producătorului ~ 's recommended price - preţ recomandat de producător margin s. (bur., com„ cont.,fin.) marjă ~ call/notice - (bur.) cerere de marjă {garanţie oferită de client brokeruluî) ~ lending - credit marginal {împrumut oferit de o bancă pe baza valorii acţiunilor deţinute de solicitant) ~ of safety - (fin.) marjă de siguranţă (diferenţa dintre veniturile obţinute din vânzările curente şi ceîe reulizate la pragul de rentabilitate) ~ requirement - (bur.) necesar de marjă (suma minimă solicitatâ în depozit tuturor deţinâtorilor de contracte futures) ~ trading - (bur.) tranzacţii marginale (cu plata jumătate în numerar, jumătatepe credit) marginal adj. marginal ~ analysis - analiză marginală ~ cost - cost marginal ~ cost producer - producător la costuri marginale ~ effîciency of capital - randament marginal al capitalului ~ effîciency of investment - randament marginal al investiţiei ~ land - sol marginal (a cărui producţie este egală cu investiţiile facute) ~ product - produs marginal ~ productivity of capital - productivitate marginalâ a capitalului ~ productivity of labour - productivitate marginalâ a muncii ~ propensity to consume - înclinaţie marginală de a consuma ~ propensity to invest - înclinaţie marginalâ de a investi

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MAR 189

~ propensity to save - înclinaţie marginală de a economisi ~ propensity to spend - înclinaţie marginală de a cheltui - rate of substitution - rata marginală de substituire ~ revenue - venit marginal ~ revenue product - produs al încasărilor marginale ~ seller - vânzător marginal (al cârui cost de producţie este egal cu venitul obţinut din vânzâri) ~ social product - produs social marginal ~ tax rate - rata impozitului marginal ~ unemployment - şomaj marginal ~ utility - utilitate marginală mariculture s. maricultură marine adj. marin; maritim s. marină; flotă maritimă comercială ~ accident - accident maritim ~ adventure - risc maritim; expediţie maritimă ~ board - comisie de acordare a brevetelor, inspectorat maritim ~ engineer - ofiţer mecanic maritim; constructor de maşini navale ~ engineering - proiectare şi construcţie de maşini navale ~ fishery - pescuit maritim ~ insurance - asigurare maritimă ~ insurance broker - agent de asigurări maritime ~ insurance clause - clauză de asigurări maritime ~ insurance company - societate de asigurări maritime ~ insurance policy - poliţă de asigurări maritime ~ insurance survey - expertiză de asigurări maritime ~ law - drept maritim ~ risk - risc maritim

~ superintendent - inspector al navelor de companie; inspector de navigaţie ~ surveyor - inspector de registru/ clasificare ~ syndicate - sindicat de asigurători maritimi - terminal - terminal maritim ~ transport - transport maritim ~ underwriter - asigurător maritim maritime adj. maritim ~ adventure - risc maritim; expediţie maritimă ~ commerce/trade - comert maritim ~ country - ţară maritimă; putere maritimă ~ court - tribunal maritim ~ exchange - cameră de comert maritim ~ fleet - flotă maritimă ~ jurisdiction -jurisdicţie maritimă ~ law - drept maritim ~ lien - drept de retenţie şi privilegiu maritim ~ mortgage - ipotecă maritimă ~ navigation — navigaţie maritimă ~ register - registru naval/maritim ~ risk - risc maritim ~ town - oraş maritim ~ transport - transport maritim mark s. 1. semn; marcă (defabrică) 2. model, tip; calitate v.t. 1. a marca (rnarfuri, produse) 2. a cota (acţiuni) 3. (down) a scădea preţul 4. (up) a mări preţul ~ of origin - marcâ de origine markdown ^. scădere a preţului marked adj. marcat ~ cheque - cec marcat (de bancă împotriva falsificării) ~ notes - bancnote marcate (pentru organizarea unuiflagrant) ~ price - preţ marcat/afişat

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MAR ~ shares - acţiuni marcate (al căror certifîcat de acţiuni poartâ dovada exercitării drepturilor specifice) marker s. 1. semn, indicator 2. marcator; pontator market s. 1. piaţă; târg 2. debuşeu; cerere v.t. a vinde, a comercializa; a lansa pe piaţă v.i. a face piaţa/ târguielile ~ analysis - analiză de piaţă ~ averages - preţuri medii pe piaţă ~ capitalization - capitalizare bursieră ~ condition - conjunctură a pieţei ~ day - zi de târg ~ demand - cerere pe piaţă ~ economy - economie de piaţă ~ fluctuations - fluctuaţn ale pieţei ~ garden - grădină de legume/ zarzavaturi ~ gardening - legumicultură ~ house - hală (în piaţâ) ~ leader - lider pe piaţă ~ maker - (bur.) creator de piaţă, operator care face piaţa ~ order - (bur.) ordin de a cumpăra sau de a vinde la preţul pieţei ~ overt - piaţă publioă ~ penetration - pătrundere pe piaţă ~ portfolio - portofoliu de piaţă (portofoliul tuturor oportunităţilor disponibile de investiţii) ~ potential - potenţial al pieţei ~ price - preţ al pieţei ~ rate (of discount) - taxă de scont ~ report - buletin bursier sau financiar ~ research/survey - studiu de piaţă ~ risk - (fin.) risc de piaţă (parte a riscului unui titlu de valoare care nu poatefi eliminată prin diversificare) ~ risk premium - (fin.) primă de risc de piaţă ~ saturation - saturare a pieţei

~ segmentation - segmentare a pieţei ~ share - segment de piaţă ~ sharing - împărtire a pieţei ~ structure - structură a pieţei ~ - to-book ratio - raportul valoare de piaţă - valoare contabilă (yaloarea de piaţă a acţiunii împârţitâ la valoarea contabilăpe acfiune) ~ town - oraş unde se ţin târguri ~ value - valoare de piaţă to capture the ~ a câştiga piaţa to find a ~ - a găsi un debuşeu to find a ready ~ - a se vinde cu uşurinţă to put on the ~ - a pune în vânzare marketability s. 1. vandabilitate 2. (fin.) grad de tranzacţionare ~ premium - (fin.) primă de negociabilitate/lichiditate (primâ adăugatâ de investitori la rata dobânzii unui titlu de valoare pentru a compensa lipsa unei pieţe de tranzacţionare a acestuid) marketable adj. 1. vandabil 2. (fîn.) negociabil ~ output - producţie-marfâ ~ value - valoare comercială marketeer s. partizan/susţinător al unei pieţe marketer s. cumpărător sau vânzător pe o piaţă marketing s. marketing ~ audit - audit de marketing ~ budget - buget de marketing ~ concept - concepţie de marketing ~ management - managementul marketingului ~ mix - mix de marketing (termen general care cuprinde diversele elemente ale procesului de marketing) ~ plan - plan de marketing ~ policy - politică de marketing -

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MAR-MEA 191

~ research - studiu de piaţâ, cercetare/prospectare a pieţei markup s. adaos comercial, sumă/ procentaj cu care preţul de vânzare depăşeşte preţul de cost mart s. 1. piaţă; târg 2. centru comercial mass s. masă, mulţime ~ market - piaţă globalâ ~ inedia - mass media ~ production - producţie în serie ~ transit - transport public to ~ - produce - a produce în serie master s. 1. stăpân, proprietar; patron 2. director, administrator 3. maistru, meşter 4. comandant de navă comercială, căpitan de cursă lungă ~ builder - antreprenor de construcţii - copy - document original ~ mariner - comandant de navă comercială ~ of the hold - ofiţer responsabil cu încârcătura ~ porter - controlor de mărfuri - sample - mostră statistică ~ 's certificate/licence - brevet de căpitan de cursâ lungă ~ 's entry - descârcare în contul altuia ~ 's mate - ofiţer secund ~ trust - fond mutual principal {care investeşte în altefondurî) matched adj. echilibrat, compensat ~ order - ordin simultan (de cumpă- rare de acţiuni peste preţul pieţei şi de vânzare imediată la acelaşi preţ pentru a simula activitatea pe piaţa bursieră) matching s. 1. echilibrare, compensare 2. aliniere (procesul prin care o bancă îşi corelează activul/creditele cu pasivul/depozitele ~ duty - taxă vamală de compensaţie

mate s. 1. ofîţer secund (in marina comercială) 1. ofiţer de punte (la navele comerciale) ~ 's foul receipt - ordin de imbarco cu menţiuni ~ 's receipt - ordin de imbarco, recipisa secundului material adj. material s. 1. material; materie 2. marfa; articol ~ damage - pagubă materială ~ man - magaziner ~ 's buyer - achizitor de materiale ~ 's control - gestiune a stocurilor ~ 's handling - manipulare a materia- lelor mathematical adj. matematic ~ economics - econometrie matrix^. matrice ~ management - matrice de conducere (metodă de conducere a firmelor multinaţionale care implică acordarea responsabilităţilor pentru sectoare din activitatea companiei atât organizaţiei naţionale, cât şi diviziilor deproducţie) ~ structure - structură matriceală mature adj. scadent v.i. a deveni scadent, a ajunge la scadenţă/maturitate maturity s. scadenţă, maturitate ~ yield - randament până la maturitate (rata dobânzii obţinute la o obligaţiune dacâ aceasta este păstrată pânâ la maturitate} maximize v.t. a maximiza maximum s. maxim(um) adj. maxim(al) ~ price - preţ maximal (stabilit de guvem) ~ tariff - tarif maximal ~ value - valoare maximă mean adj. mediu, mijlociu; mediocru s. 1. medie, valoare medie 2. (şi pl.) mijloc, cale, metodă 3. pl. mijloace, resurse, venituri, bani

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MEA-MEE ~ draft/drâught - (mar.) pescaj mediu ~ price - preţ mediu ~ tare - tară comună ~ s of payment - mijloace de plată ~ s test - control al veniturilor/averii (pentru a vedea dacă se pot acorda unele facilităţi fîscale) measure s. 1. măsură; unitate de măsură 2. măsură; metodă v.t., v.i. a măsura - analysis - analiză volumetrică ~ goods - mărfuri voluminoase/de cubaj ~ of damages/indemnity - cuantum al despăgubirilor ~ s of retaliation - represalii measured adj. măsurat, stabilit ~ day work - normă fixată zilnic (cu plata zilnică condiţionatâ de îndepli-nire); sistem de salarizare pe bază de norme zilnice measurement s. măsurare ~ capacity - capacitate volumetrică ~ cargo - caric/încârcătură de volum/cubaj ~ certificate - (mar.) certificat de tonaj ~ goods - mărfuri de volum/cubaj ~ mark - marcă de dimensiuni (pentru mârfuri) ~ ot areas - planimetrie ~ rate - (mar.) navlu per volum ~ ton - (mar.) tonă de navlu/volum ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj-registru measurer s. 1. măsurător 2. dispozitiv de măsurat meat s. came (ca aliment) ~ carrier/ship/vessel - navă frigorifică (pentru transportul cărniî) ~ grower - crescător de vite (pentru tăiere) ~ market - hală de came

media s.pl. medii publicitare, mijloace de reclamă ~ broker - media broker (agenţie care cumpâră cahipuri de spaţiu în mediile publicitare pentru a vinde ulterior acest spaţiu diverşilor clienţi) ~ buying - cumpârare de spaţin/timp în mediile publicitare mediate adj. intennediar v.t. a mijloci, a media v.i. a fi mediator/intermediar ~ possession - (dr.) posesie interme-diară mediator s. mijlocitor, mediator, intermediar medical adj. medical ~ certificate - certificat medical ~ expenses policy - poliţă de asigurare pentru cheltuielile medicale ~ insurance - asigurări de sănătate medium s. 1. medie; cifră medie 2. mijloc, intermediu; metodă, procedeu 3. pl. titluri de valoare pe termen mediu adj. mediu, mijlociu ~ - dated securities - titluri de valoare pe termen mediu ~ of exchange - (fin.) mijloc/ instrument de schimb ~ quality - calitate medie ~ - sized - de mărime medie meet v.t. 1. a întâlni, a se întâlni cu 2. a cunoaşte, a face cunoştinţă cu 3. a corespunde, a fi în concordanţă cu 4. a onora (p cambie, un cec etc.); a îndeplini (o obligaţie, un angajament)', a acoperi (un de.ficit) 5. a contesta (o reclamaţie, o cerere) v.i. 1. a se întâlni 2. a se întruni (despre o comisie) to ~ smb. half-way - a face concesii cuiva to ~ with approval - a primi aprobare to ~ with losses - a suferi pierderi

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MEE-MER 193

meeting s. întâlnire, întrevedere; adunare, şedinţă ~ ofcreditors - adunarea creditorilor

of shareholders - adunarea acţionarilor member s. 1. membru 2. participant, asociat; acţionar ~ bank - bancă membră a Casei de Compensaţie (din Londra), bancă de cliring; (SUA) bancâ membră a Sistemului Federal de Rezervă ~ card - camet de membru ~ country - ţară-membră ~ fee - cotizaţie de membru ~ of a company - acţionar al unei companii ~ of the board - membru al consiliului de administraţie -s' voluntary liqudation - lichidare voluntară a acţionarilor membership s. 1. calitate de membru 2. număr de membri ~ rights - drepturi sociale (drepturi conferite de statutul de acţionar) memorandum s. 1. memorandum, raport, notă; convenţie, minută 2. notă diplomatică 3. sumar al articolelor (unui contract) ~ book - agendă, camet ~ buying - achiziţie condiţionată ~ clause - (.asig.) clauză de memorandum (de limitare a râspunderu asigurâtorului) ~ of agreement - memorandum al acordului (swnar al articolelor) ~ of association - contract de societate ~ of satisfaction - memorandum/notă de achitare/îndeplinire a obligaţiilor (de către o societate) mercantile adj. mercantil, comercial ~ agency - agenţie comercială ~ agent - agent comercial, comisionar ~ bank - bancă comercială

- exchange - bursă de mărfuri ~ house - casă de comert - law - drept comercial - marine - marină comercială - paper - efect de comerţ - port - port comercial mercantilism s. mercantilism mercer s. negustor de mercerie mercery s. mercerie merchandise s. marfa; mărfuri v.t. a vinde, a comercializa v.i. a face comert ~ broker - agent comercial, intermediar ~ mark - marca fabricii; marcă de comert ~ traffîc - trafîc de mărfuri merchandiser s. merchandiser merchandising s. merchandising, (pre)comercializare, planificare a co- mercializării unui produs (promovarea vânzârîlor prin publicitate la punctele de desfacere cu amănuntul) merchant s. 1. comerciant angrosist (mai ales cu străinătatea) 2. comerciant; detailist adj. comercial ~ bank - bancă comercială ~ fleet - flotâ comercială ~ law - drept comercial - marine/navy - marinâ comercială ~ prince - mare comerciant ~ quantities - cantităţi mari ~ shipper - armator-cumpărător ~ shipping - marină comercială; transport de mărfuri pe mare ~ shipping law - drept maritim comer- cial ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor comer- ciale merchantable adj. vandabil ~ quality - calitate vandabilă/ comer- cială merchantman s. navă comercială merge v.i. a fuziona

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MER-MIN merger s. fuziune ~ accounting - contabilitatea fuziunii ~ broker - intennediar al fuziunii ~ company - societate constituită prin fuziune merging v. merger messuage s. (dr.) casă cu dependinţe metal s. metal ~ exchange - bursă de metale metallic adj. metalic ~ currency - monedă metalică metallurgic(al) adj. metalurgic ~ industry - industria metalurgică metallurgy .y. metalurgie method s. 1. metodă, procedeu 2. sistem, organizare ~ of financing - metodă de finanţare ~ s engineering - (man.) tehnica metodelor - s study - studiul metodelor (pentru obţinerea unei eficienţe sporite şi reducerea costurilor) ~ s time measurement - măsurare a timpului {in munca manualâ) me-too s. me-too (produs copiat după un model concurent cu succes pe piaţă) metre .•?. metru metric adj. metric ~ system - sistem metric ~ ton - tonă metrică metropolis s. metropolă microeconomics s. microeconomie middle adj. mijlociu, mediu s. 1. mijloc; medie 2. marfa de calitate medie ~ class - clasa de mijloc ~ management - conducere la nivel mediu ~ (market) price - (bur.) curs mediu ~ - sized - de mărime mijlocie middleman s. intermediar, mijlocitor; comisionar

middling adj. mijlociu, mediu s.pl. produse de calitate medie/calitatea a doua migration s. migratie ~ of money - migraţie a capitalului mile s. milă (unitate de măsurâ pentru lungime) mileage s. 1. distanţă/parcurs m mile 2. tarif pe milă 3. indemnizatie de deplasare (pe numâr de mile) ~ expenses - cheltuieli de deplasare (pe milă) milking s. mulgere (strategie de mar- keting pe termen scurt care urmâreşte obţinerea rapidă deprqfit) mill s. 1. moară 2. fabrică; filatură 3. freză; laminor v.t. 1. a măcina 2. a prelucra, a freza miller s. 1. morar 2. maşină de frezat, freză3. frezor millwright s. 1. proiectant (al unei fabrici) 2. montator, montor milliner s. modistă millinery s. 1. pălării de damă; galanterie 2. magazin de pălării de damă sau articole de modă millionaire s. milionar mine s. mină v.t. a extrage, a exploata v.i. 1. a lucra în mină 2. a efectua lucrări miniere ~ ore - minereu brut ~ survey - topografie minieră miner s. miner minim s. minim {unitate de măsurâ pentru capacitate) minimize v.t. a minimaliza minimum s. minim(um) adj. minim(al) ~ lending rate - rata minimă a dobânzii (pentru creditele acordate de banca centrala) ~ margin requirements - (bur.) acoperire minimă necesară

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MIN-MOB 195

~ price - preţ minim {stabilit de guvern) ~ reserve requirements - rezervă minimă obligatorie ~ wage - salariu minim mining s. minerit; exploatare minieră ~ and quarring - industria extractivă ~ engineer - inginer minier ~ fee - arendâ pentru concesiuni miniere ~ industry - industria minieră/ extrac- tivă ~ right - concesiune minieră ~ shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor miniere minister s. ministru ~ plenipotentiary - ministm plenipo- tenţiar minstry s. minister minor adj. minor; secundar, auxiliar s. (dr.) minor ~ court - prima instanţă ~ expenses - cheltuieli minore minority s. minoritate ~ interests - participaţie minoritară ~ shareholders - acţionari minoritari mint s. 1. monetărie 2. sumă mare {de bani) v.t. a bate (monedă), a fabrica (bani) ~ Hne bars - lingouri monetare {de aur, argint) ~ mark - marca monetăriei ~ par/parity of exchange - (fin.) paritate de schimb intrinsecă / metalică ~ ratio - (fin.) raport bimetalic mintage s. 1. batere de monedă, fabricare de bani 2. bani ai unei emisiuni 3. cost al unei emisiuni monetare 4. marcă, imagine (imprimată pemoneda) misappropriation s. delapidare, detumare (defonduri}

miscarrîage s. pierdere, livrare greşită (a unei scrisori) miscellaneous adj. amestecat, divers, variat ~ contingencies - diverse şi neprevă- zute (menţiune la sfârşitul devizului unei construcţii) ~ goods - mărfuri diverse / variate ~ income - venit din diverse surse misconduct s. administrare / conducere proastă v.t. a administra / a conduce prost misdeliver v.t. a livra greşit misdelivery s. livrare greşită misenter v.î. (cont.) a înregistra greşit misentry s. (cont.) înregistrare greşită misfeasance s. (dr.) abuz de putere; executare nelegală a unor drepturi legale misgovern v.t. a guvema prost misgovernment s. guvemare proastă mismanage v.t. a administra greşit mismanagement s. administrare gre-şită / incompetentă misrepresent v.t. a prezenta incorect / inexact (date), a dezinfoi-ma mix s. amestec; mărfuri diverse v.l. a amesteca, a combina mixed adj. mixt, amestecat, combinat ~ cargo - caric / încărcătură mixt(ă) ~ cropping - cultură mixtă ~ currency - valută mixtă (formată din monede de diferite metale şi bancnote) ~ economy - economie mixtă

farming - agriculturâ mixtă (cultivarea pământului şi creşterea animalelor) ~ ownership - formă de proprietate mixtă ~ policy - (asig. mar.) poliţă mixtă ~ train - tren mixt (cw vagoane de marfă şi călătorî) mobility s. mobilitate

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196 MOB-MON ~ of capital - mobilitate a capitalului ~ of labour - mobilitate a fortei de muncă mock adj. fals, simulat ~ auction - licitaţie simulată (pentru a urca preţul) moiety 5'. (rir.)jumătate moist adj. umed ~ goods - mărfuri umede moisture s. umezeală, umiditate ~ content - conţinut / grad de umiditate ~ meter - umidometru ~ sampling - eşantionare pentru măsurarea umidităţii monetarism s. monetarism monetary adj. monetar; pecuniar ~ aggregates - agregat monetar ~ assets - active monetare ~ base - bază monetară ~ circulation - circulaţie monetară ~ deflation - deflaţie monetară ~ economy - economie monetară ~ policy - politică monetară ~ standard - etalon monetar ~ system - sistem monetar ~ union - uniune monetară ~ unit - unitate monetară monetize v.t. 1. a bate monedă din 2. a da valoare monetarâ {unui metal) money s. 1. bani; monedă 2. pl. fonduri, capital adj. monetar; financiar ~ at/on call - împrumut rambursabil la cerere ~ at call and short notice - împmmut rambursabil la cerere şi cu preaviz ~ bill - proiect de lege financiară ~ broker - agent de intermediere a împrumuturilor; agent de schimb valutar ~ capital ~ capital lichid/în bani ~ circulation - circulatie monetară

~ economy - economie monetară ~ illusion - iluzie monetară (ideea falsă câ banii ar avea o putere fixă de cumpârare) ~ interest - interes pecuniar ~ laudering - spălare a banilor ~ letter - scrisoare de valoare ~ manager - agent de investiţii ~ market - piaţă monetară ~ multiplier - (fin.) multiplicator monetar {influenţarea masei monetare din economie prin modificarea necesarului de rezervă sau prin folosirea operaţiunilor de piaţă deschisâ) ~ of account - unitate monetară de cont ~ of exchange - monedâ de schimb ~ - off coupon - cupon valoric (oferit în scop promoţional pentru obţinerea gratuită sau cu reducere de preţ a unor produse) ~ office - casierie ~ order - mandat poştal; ordin de plată ~ pressure / scarcity - lipsă de bani, criză de lichidităti ~ rate of interest - dobândă nominalâ ~ supply - masă monetară ~ wages - salariu nominal ~ washing - spălare a banilor moneychanger s. agent de schimb valutar moneyed adj. 1. bogat, cu bani 2. pecuniar; financiar moneygrubbing s. tezaurizare moneylender s. cămătar moneymaker s. 1. persoană care realizează câştiguri mari 2. afacere bănoasă moneymaking adj. rentabil, profitabil; bănos s. câştig, profit moneyman s. 1. investitor 2. girant

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MON-MOT moneyspinner s. afacere / realizare de succes / bănoasă (unfilm, o carte etc.) monger s. (in cuvinte compuse) negustor, vânzător monoculture s. monocultură monometallism s. (fin.) monometalism monopolist s. monopolist monopolistic adj. monopolist ~ competition - concurenţă de mono- pol monopolize v.t. a monopoliza monopoly s. monopol ~ contract - contract de monopol ~ power - (putere de) monopol ~ price - preţ de monopol ~ profît - profit de monopol monopsonist .y. monopsonist monopsony s. monopson month s. lună monthly adj. lunar, mensual ~ account - (com.) cont lunar ~ statement - bilanţ lunar moonlighting s. moonlighting (practi- ca de a avea două servicii, a doua slujbă având de obicei program noc- tum, veniturile suplimentare astfel obţinute fiindfrecvent nedeclarate) moonshiner s. moonshiner (persoană care desfăşoară afaceri ilegale, mai ales noaptea); contrabandist moral adj. moral ~ hazard - risc moral (comportament necinstit sau neglijenţâ a persoanelor care nu suportă costurile actelor lor, situaţie generatâ de existenţa unei asigurări etc.) moratorium s. moratoriu mortgage s. 1. ipotecă 2. drept de ipotecă v.t. a ipoteca ~ assumption - cesionare a ipotecii ~ - backed securities - titluri de va- loare obţinute prin titrizarea creditului ipotecar

~ bond - obligaţiune ipotecară ~ by order of the court - ipotecă judiciară ~ charge - sarcină ipotecară ~ credit - credit ipotecar ~ creditor - creditor ipotecar ~ debt - datorie ipotecară ~ debtor - debitor ipotecar ~ duty - taxă ipotecară ~ graduated payment - plată graduală a ipotecii ~ interest - dobândă ipotecară ~ loan - împrumut ipotecar ~ market - piaţă ipotecară ~ note - înscris ipotecar ~ registry - birou (notarial) de ipoteci ~ rewrite programs - programe de reeşalonare a ipotecii ~ wraparound - ipotecă învăluitoare (ipotecâ secundara) to be bound by ~ - a fi obligat ipotecar to raise a ~ - a face o ipotecă mortgagee s. creditor ipotecar mortgager s. debitor ipotecar mortgagor v. mortgager mortmain s. (dr.) proprietate / avere inalienabilă motel s. motel motion s. mişcare ~ study - studierea mişcărilor (pentru obţinerea randamentului maxim cu efort minim în procesul muncii) ~ time analysis - analiza timpului necesar mişcărilor (in procesul muncii) motivational adj. motivaţional ~ research - cercetare motivaţională (pentru a descoperi factorii psihologici care determinâ comportamentul consu-matorilor) motor s. 1. motor 2. automobil 3. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor constructoare de

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198 MOT-MUT automobile adj. auto, referitor la automobile ~ hotel - motel ~ insurance - asigurare auto ~ lorry and trailer - autotren, autocamion cu remorcă ~ repair shop / workshop - atelier de reparaţii auto ~ ship / vessel - motonavâ ~ show - expoziţie de automobile ~ truck - autocamion ~ vehicle - autovehicul motorcar x. 1. automobil 2. vagon automotor motorway s. autostradă mountain s. cantitate / rezervă mare (de produse agricole considerate excedentare în CEE) movable adj. 1. mobil; portabil, transportabil 2. (rfr.) mobiliar s. pl. valori mobiliare ~ property - bunuri mobiliare ~ assets - valori mobiliare multibranding s. multibranding {utili- zarea mai multor mărci în cadrul aceleiaşi linii de produse) multilateral adj. multilateral ~ agreement - acord multilateral ~ trade - comert multilateral multilateralism s. (com.) multilatera- lism multinational adj. multinaţional ~ corporation - corporaţie multina- ţională multiple adj. multiplu ~ application - (bur.) subscriere multiplâ {la acţiuni folosind nume false) ~ business system - sistem comercial multiplu

~ division company - companie cu unităţi de producţie multiple / independente ~ peril insurance - asigurare împo-triva unor riscuri multiple ~ pricing - fixare de preţuri multiple {infuncţie de specificul pieţelor) ~ rates of exchange - cursuri de schimb multiple ~ shop / store - magazin m reţea ~ tariff - taxă vamală multiplă / discriminatorie ( în funcţie de ţara de origine a mârfurilor) ~ taxation - impozitare multiplă / dublă ~ voting shares - acţiuni cu drepturi multiple de vot municipal adj. municipal ~ bond - obligaţiune municipalâ ~ bond fund - fond mutual de investiţh în obligatiuni municipale ~ planning - urbanism ~ tax - impozit local / municipal municipality ^. municipalitate mural adj. mural ~ advertising - publicitate murală / pe faţada clădirilor mushroom s. ciupercă ~ growth - dezvoltare rapidă ~ organization - societate cu dezvol-tare rapidă (prin afaceri dubioase) mutual adj. mutual, reciproc ~ agreement - acord mutual ~ benefit society - societate de ajutor reciproc ~ fund - fond mutual ~ insurance - asigurare mutuală ~ savings bank - (SUA) bancă mutuală de economii

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N naked adj. descoperit, gol ~ bond -contract negarantat ~ contract - contract unilateral; contract cu titlu gratuit/fară contra- prestaţie ~ debenture - (dr.) obligaţiune chiro- grafară ~ options - (bur.) opţiuni descoperite (yândute de un investitor fâră a avea acoperire în acţiunî) ~ trustee - mandatar pasiv (firă sarcină activă de îndeplinit) name s 1. nume, denumire 2. reputaţie, renume adj. cunoscut, faimos v.t. 1. a numi, a denumi 2. a fixa, a specifica (ziua, preţul etc.) 3. (for) a numi (intr-o funcţie) ~ day - (bur.) ajun al lichidării; ziua declarării numelor (cumpârătorilor) ~ of an account - titular al unui cont ~ of a fîrm - nume social ~ of the payee - nume al beneficiarului ~ -ticket - (bur.) bilet/formular din ziua declarării numelor (prin care brokerul îi ofera vânzâtorului informa- ţu despre cumpărător) narration s. (cont.) explicaţie (a unui articol din registru) narrow adj. limitat, restrâns ~ goods - galanterie ~ market - (bur.) piaţă restrânsă (cu puţine tranzacţii) national adj. naţional; de stat ~ accounts - raport al bugetului de stat ~ advertising - publicitate la scarâ natională

~ budget - buget de stat ~ consumption - consum naţional ~ currency - monedă naţională ~ debt - datorie publică / de stat ~ dividend/income - venit naţional ~ economy - economie naţionalâ ~ expenditure - cheltuieli bugetare ~ insurance - asigurări de stat ~ product - produs naţional (brut, net etc.) ~ standard - standard / etalon naţional ~ taxes - impozite de stat ~ wealth - avuţie naţională nationalize v.t. a naţionaliza, a etatiza natural adj. natural ~ economy - economie naturală ~ monopoly - monopol natural ~ person - persoană fizică ~ resources - resurse naturale ~ wealth - bogâţii naturale naval adj. naval, maritim ~ architect - inginer de construcţii navale ~ court - tribunal maritim ~ prize law - drept maritim de priză navigable adj. navigabil ~ waters - ape navigabile navigate v.i. a naviga navigation s. navigatie ~ bounty/subsidy - subvenţie de navi- gaţie (acordată de stat unor companiî) ~ company - companie de navigaţie ~ dues - taxe de navigaţie ~ laws - cod maritim ~ permit - permis de navigaţie near adv. aproape

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200 NEA-NET

~ money - cvasibani ~ trade - (mar.) mic cabotaj necessary adj. necesar s. 1. necesar 2. pl. articole de primă necesitate negative adj. negativ ~ cash flow - flux negativ de numerar ~ interest - dobândă negativă ~ investment - investiţie negativă ~ utility - lipsă de utilitate, inutilitate neglected adj. ignorat (despre acţiuni puse în vânzare) negotiability s. negociabilitate, carac-ter negociabil negotiable adj. negociabil ~ certificates of deposit - certificate negociabile de depozit (pbligaţiuni pe termen scurî) ~ instruments/securities - instru-mente/titluri de valoare negociabile/ transferabile negotiate v.t. 1. a negocia (o afacere, un împrumuî etc.) 2. a negocia, a transfera (o cambie prin andosare) v.i. a negocia, a duce tratative negotiation s. negociere ~ s in progress - negocieri în curs to be in ~ with smb. - a fi în negocieri cu cineva to carry on / to conduct ~s - a duce tratative to enter into / to open ~s - a începe negocieri negotiator s. negociator net adj. net, neto s. profit net v.t. a câştiga/a încasa net; a produce net, a aduce un câştig net de ~ assets - activ net ~ asset backing/value - valoare a activului net ~ book value - valoare contabilă netă

~ capacity - capacitate netă (de încârcare de marfă) ~ cash - numerar fâră reducere ~ change - modificare netă (a cursului unui titlu de valoare) ~ cost - preţ de cost ~ current assets - active curente nete ~ debt - datorie netă ~ domestic product - produs intem net ~ earnings/gains/profit - profit net ~ estate - proprietate netă ~ fixed assets - active fixe nete ~ hundredweight - chintal scurt ~ income - venit net ~ investment - investiţie netă ~ liabilities - pasiv net ~ load - încărcătură/sarcină netâ ~ margin - (com.) maijă de profit net ~ material product - produs material net ~ national product - produs naţional net ~ net weight - greutate netă efectivă / reală ~ present value - valoare actuală netă (pentru evaluarea viabilitâţii unui proiect de mvestiţii) ~ price - preţ net ~ profit - profit net ~ quick assets - active circulante nete ~ realizable value - (cont.) valoare netă realizabilâ ~ receipts - încasări nete ~ register tonnage - (mar.) tonaj--registru net ~ rentable area - suprafaţă închiri-abilă a unei clădiri ~ sales - vânzări nete ~ sound value - (asig.) valoare netă în stare bună

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NET-NOM 201 ~ tare - greutate netă a tarei ~ ton - (mar.) tonă scurtă ~ tonnage - tonaj net ~ value - valoare netă ~ wages - salariu net ~ weight - greutate netă ~ working capital - fond de rulment net ~ worth - valoare netă (valoarea unei societâţi reprezentând activele totale minus pasivele totale) ~ yield - randament net netting s. rezultat net {calcularea profitului net) network s. reţea (comercială, de drumuri etc.) ~ marketing - marketing în reţea new adj. nou ~ issue market - (bur.) piaţa noilor emisiuni (piaţa acţiunilor societăţilor devenite publice recent) news s. pl. ştiri, informaţii ~ agency - agenţie de ştiri ~ conference - conferinţă de presă newsagent s. vânzător de ziare, reviste etc. newspaper s. ziar, gazetă ~ advertisment - anunţ în ziar, publicitate în ziar newsstand s. chioşc / tonetă de ziare next acf/.următor ~ account - (fin.) exerciţiul următor niche s. nişă ~ market - nişâ de piaţă ~ strategy - strategie de nişă (pentru abordarea unui segment mic depiaţâ) night s. noapte adj. referitor la noapte, de noapte; care lucrează noaptea ~ charge - tarif de noapte ~ safe - serviciu de depozitare peste noapte (a banilor in bancă, mai ales de

către comercianţi care evitâ astfel să păstreze sume mari în casa de bani pe timpuî nopţiî) ~ shift - schimb/tură de noapte nightwork s. muncă / schimb de noapte nil s. nimic, zero adj. nul ~ balance - sold nul no adj. nici un; nici o ~ account - fâră cont (formulă pe un cec) ~ advice / orders - neavizat (jbrmulâ pe un efect de comerţ) ~ bid - {bur.) nu se cere (despre acţiuni) ~ - cargo condition - (mar.) neîn-cărcat, fâră marfâ ~ - claim bonus - primă pentru neridicarea vreunei pretenţii de plată (de câtre titularul unei poliţe de asigurare auto) ~ dealings - {bur.) lipsă de tranzacţii ~ eft'ects / funds - fără acoperire (formulă pe un cec) ~ goods exchanged - mărfurile cumpărate nu se schimbă ~ • load draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj de navă neîncărcată ~ noting - fâră protest (formulâ pe o cambie) - par value - fâră valoare nominală (despre acţiunî) ~ quotation - (bur.) necotat nomenclature s. nomenclatură (ya-malâ etc.) nominal adj. nominal ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi nominale ~ assets - (cont.) active nominale / fictive (in contabilitatea în partidă dubla} ~ capital - capital nominal / social

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202 NOM-NON

~ coupon/interest - dobândă nominală (rata dobânzii plâtibilă pentru un titlu la valoarea nominalâ) ~ damages - (dr.) daune nominale / minore ~ interest rate - rată nominală a dobânzii (rata dobânw contractate sau declarate) ~ market - (bur.) piaţă inactivă ~ partner - asociat nominal ~ price - preţ nominal; curs nominal ~ quotation - (bur.) cotaţie nominală ~ rent - chirie simbolică ~ value - valoare nominală / prescrisă / de referinţă ~ wages - salariu nominal nominate v.t. 1. a numi, a desemna (ţntr-un post, o funcţie) 2. a fixa (o data) 3. a prezenta, a propune (un candidat) nomination s. 1. numire (intr-un post, o funcţie) 2. fixare (a unei date) 3. candidatură nominee s. 1. candidat propus (pentru un post, o funcţie} 2. (bur.) persoană fîzică sau juridică desemnată să administreze tranzacţiile de acţiuni ca titular (,astfel încât proprietarul real să rămână necunoscut) 3. titular (al unei poliţe de asigurare de viaţâ') 4. chiriaş; arendaş ~ company - societate bancară care administrează acţiuni şi titluri de valoare (oferite ca garanţie pentru creditele acordate de banca) ~ shareholding - deţinere de acţiuni pentru administrare (de câtre o persoa- nă fizică sau juridicâ, pentru ca proprietarul real să rămânâ necunos- cut) non pref. ne-, non-

~ • acceptance of a bill - neacceptare a unei cambii ~ -appearance - neprezentare (la proces) ~ - available - nedisponibil ~ - business day - zi nelucrătoare ~ - capital ship - (mar.) navă de mic tonaj ~ - cash transactions - operaţii în virament ~ - claim - (dr.) nedepunere a reclamaţiei (in termen legal) ~ - completion risk - riscul neîn-deplinirii obligaţiilor (în tranzacţiile de comerţ exterior) ~ • conference carrier - (mar.) cărăuş/ armator independent / necartelat ~ - conference rate - (mar.) rată de navlu necartelat ~ - conference ship/vessel - navă necartelată ~ - contributory pensions - pensii necontributive (la fondul de pensii, contribuţia nefiind plătită de salariat, ci defirmă) ~ • cumulative clause - (asig. mar.) clauza necumulării avariilor ~ • cumulative preference share -actiune preferenţială necumulativă ~ - delivery - nelivrare ~ - durable goods - mărfuri care nu sunt de folosinţă îndelungată ~ - earning spaces - (mar.) spaţii nedestinate pasagerilor şi mărfurilor ~ - execution / • fulfilment / -perfor-mance of a contract - neexecutare a unui contract ~ - executive director - director neexecutiv ~ - feasance - (dr.) neîndeplinire a obligaţiilor legale

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NON-NOT 203 ~ - insurable risk - risc neasigurabil ~ -interest bearing account - cont fără dobândă ~ - liability clause - (.asig.) clauză de exonerare de răspundere ~ - listed securities - titluri de valoare necotate (la bursă} ~ - market economy - economie pla- nificată/centralizată ~ - member bank - (SUA) bancă nemembră (a Sistemului Federal de Rezerve) ~ - monetary gold - aur nemonetar ~ - monetary investment - investiţie în obiecte de valoare ~ • par cheque - cec care nu poate fi încasat la valoarea nominală ~ - participating share - acţiune ne- participativă (care nu participâ la profit, dar are un dividendfix) ~ paymenf - neplată, neachitare ~ - physical money - monedă bancară/ scripturală, substituţi ai banilor {depo- zite bancare etc.) ~ - price competion - (com.) concu- renţă care nu se manifestă prin preţuri ~ - prime - care nu este de prim ordin (despre un efect de comerţ) ~ - productivity - neproductivitate ~ - professional - neprofesionist; ne- profesional ~ - profit corporation - organizaţie nonprofit ~ - profit marketing - marketing nonprofit ~ - quoted - (bur.) necotat ~ - reciprocity - fară reciprocitate ~ - recoverable - nerecuperabil ~ - renounceable issue - emisiune de acţiuni fâră drept de înstrăinare

(emisiune destinată acţionarilor deja existenţi ai unei societâţi) ~ - returnable/-reimbursable - ne- rambursabil ~ - suit - retragere a plângerii ~ • tariff barriers - bariere netarifare (la import) ~ - taxable - neimpozabil ~ - trading association/partnership - asociaţie profesională ~ -union - nesindicalizat ~ -voting share - acţiune fară drept de vot (in adunarea generală a acţio- narilor) ~ warranty clause - (.asig.) clauză de negaranţie ~ - wasting assets - active inepuizabile norm s. normă, etalon, standard normal adj. normal ~ yield curve - (fm.) curbă normală de randament (referitor la rata dobânzii titlurilor de valoare) nostro pron. nostro ~ account - cont nostro (cont deschis de o bancă la corespondentul său din străinătate, în care se înregistreazâ toate operaţiunile băncii titulare) notarial adj. notarial, de notariat ~ charges/fees - taxe notariale ~ deed - act notarial notarize v.t. a autentifica / a legaliza la notariat notary s. notar ~ public - notar public ~ 's deed - act notarial ~ 's offîce - notariat note s. 1. notă, însemnare 2. efect, bilet; borderou, factură 3. bancnotă, bilet de bancă v.t. 1. a nota, a însemna 2. a protesta (o cambie)

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204 NOT-NUM

~ broker - broker care tranzacţionează efecte de comert ~ circulation - circulaţis a bancnotelor ~ of expenses - borderou de cheltuieli ~ of fees - notâ de onorariu ~ of hand - bilet la ordin notice s. 1. aviz, preaviz; avizare, notificare, înştiinţare 2. afiş, anunţ 3. anunţ, notă (intr-un z.iar) ~ -board - avizier ~ deposits - depuneri cu avizarea retragerilor ~ of abandonment - (mar.) declaraţie de abandon ~ of a meeting - aviz de convocare (a acţionarilor) ~ of appropriation - (mar.) notificare de individualizare a mărfurilor ~ of delivery/receipt - aviz de primire, confirmare a primirii ~ of dishonour - aviz de neonorare (a unei cambii) ~ of dismissal - aviz de concediere ~ of dispensation - aviz de dispensă (notă a unuia dintre titularii unui cont comun prin care renunţâ la dreptul de a primi extras de cont separat) ~ of interest declared - avizare a interesului asigurat ~ to pay - ayizare a scadenţei; somaţie de platâ ~ to quit - somaţie de evacuare

~ to suspend payments - aviz de încetare a plătilor notifîcation s. notificare, înştiinţare; aviz notify v.t. a notifica, a aviza, a înştiinţa notional adj. teoretic, imaginar ~ income - venit teoretic/imaginar novation s. (dr.) novaţie, novatiune nude adj. gol, nud ~ contract - contract unilateral; contract cu titlu gratuit / fară contraprestaţie null adj. nul, nevalabil ~ and void - nul şi neavenit to render ~ - anula nullification s. anulare, invalidare, abrogare nullify v.t. a anula, a invalida, a abroga nullity s. (dr.) nulitate, lipsă de valabilitate, caducitate (a unui contract) ~ suit - acţiune pentm declararea nevalabilităţii; acţiune în anulare number s. număr, cifră v.t. a număra; a numerota numbering s. numărare; numerotare ~ machine/stamp - ştampilă de numâr curent nummary adj. monetar ~ weight - greutate monetară nummular v. nummary

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0 oath s. (mar.) jurâmânt (depus de comandanîul unei nave sau de importator în faţa organelor vamale din unele porturi) ~ of arrival - jurământ/declaraţie la sosire ~ of entry -jurământ/declaraţie asupra importului ~ on departure - jurământ/declaraţie la plecare object s. obiect de activitate (al unei societăţi) obligation s. obligaţie (contractuală) oblige v.t. a obliga; a lega prin contract obligee s. obligant, persoană faţă de care altă persoană se obligă prin contract; creditor obligor s. obligat, persoană care se obligă prin contract; debitor obsolescence s. învechire; uzurâ mo- rală (a unui utilaj) obverse s. 1. avers (al unei monede) 1. faţâ, parte importantă (a unei cambii, a unui titlu de valoare) occasional adj. ocazional, temporar ~ customers - clientelă ocazională ~ hand - muncitor temporar ~ sale - vânzare ocazională occupancy s. 1. ocupare, luare în posesie 2. stăpânire/posesiune tempo- rară; arendă 3. perioadă m care cineva este ocupant/posesor 4. (dr.) posesiune în virtutea dreptului primului ocupant 5. ocupare (a unuipost) ~ rate - grad de ocupare/folosire

occupant s. 1. ocupant/posesor tempo-rar 2. locatar; arendaş 3. .titular, deţi-nător (al unui post) occupational adj. profesional ~ disease - boală profesională

hazard - risc de accidente profesionale / de muncă ~ health service - serviciu de medicina muncii ~ medicine - medicina muncii ~ mobility - mobilitate profesională {schimbarea structurii profesionale) ~ pension scheme - plan de pensionare dupâ criteriul profesional ~ psychology - psihologia muncii/ industrială ~ therapy - ergoterapie occupied adj. ocupat; activ, în muncâ ~ population - populaţie activă occupier s. ocupant; locatar; arendaş occupy v.t. 1. a ocupa, a lua în pose-siune 2. a închiria (o casă); a arenda 3. a ocupa (unpost} ocean 5'. ocean ~ bill of lading - conosament oceanîc ~ freight - navlu oceanic ~ -going craft/ship/vessel - navă oceanică / de cursă lungă ~ - going fleet - flotă oceanică ~ - going tonnage - tonaj al navelor oceanice ~ line - linie de navigaţie oceanică ~ liner - navă oceanică de linie, trans-atlantic ~ navigation - navigaţie oceanică/de cursă lungă

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206 OCE-OFP ~ shipping - navigaţie oceanicâ; transport oceanic ~ tramp - navă-tramp oceanică ~ voyage - voiaj oceanic oceanic adj. oceanic ~ shipment - expediere transoceanică (de mârfuri) odd adj. 1. impar 2. desperecheat, dezasortat (despre un articol) 3. supli- mentar, excedentar 4. ocazional, temporar (despre muncâ) ~ - come-shorts - obiecte despere- cheate / disparate; resturi, cupoane ~ - even pricing - stabilire de tip par- impar a preţului ~ hand/man - persoană care face munci ocazionale ~ job - muncă ocazională ~ lot - lot (de mărfuri) nereglementar; (bur.) pachet incomplet de acţiuni ~ money - sumă de completare; mărunţiş, rest ~ months - lunile cu 31 de zile ~ number - număr impar / fârâ soţ ~ size - dimensiune specială (la confecţiî} ~ work - muncă ocazională; ore suplimentare oddments s. pl. articole desperecheate/ dezasortate; resturi / rămăşiţe de marfâ odorous adj. mirositor ~ goods - mărfuri cu miros specific odour s. miros ~ control - combatere a mirosurilor nedorite ~ removal - dezodorizare off prep. 1. departe de, dincolo de 2. alături de, lângă 3. de pe, din adv. departe; încolo adj. 1. (în)depârtat 2. liber 3. inferior ~ - balance sheet - în afara bilanţului

~ - board market - (SUA) piaţă neoficială/extrabursieră ~ • cover - fară garantii/acoperire (despre o ţară consideratâ ca avănd un risc crescut de creditare) ~ • cuts - deşeuri (de hârtie, cherestea etc.) ~ day - zi liberâ ~ duty - liber, în afara orelor de serviciu ~ - grade/'quality goods - mărfuri de calitate inferioară ~ - hire clause - (mar.) clauza ineficienţei navei ~ • hour - în afara orelor de serviciu; în afara orelor de vârf ~ - license - licenţă permiţând vânza- rea băuturilor alcoolice pentru consum la domiciliu ~ - market - special {despre rata unei dobânzi, care este diferită de cele practicate curent pe piaţă) ~ - peak - în afara orelor de vârf; care nu este maxim, redus ~ - peak hours - ore în afara perioadei consumului de vârf ~ - peak rate - taxă normalâ / în afara orelor de vârf ~ - season/'time - sezon mort ~ - the-job training - formare în afara locului de muncă ~ - the-record - neoficial, neconsem- nat (în documentele oficiale) ~ - the-shelf - standard, fară comandă specială (despre un produs) offal s. 1. resturi, rămăşiţe 2. mărun- taie, organe 3. peşte ieftin/de calitate inferioară 4. tărâţe offer s. ofertă; preţ (oferit) v.t. 1. a oferi, a da (un preţ) 2. a expune, a prezenta (mârfuri pentru vânzare)

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OFF-OIL 207 offeree s. persoană căreia i se face o ofertă offerer 5. ofertant offering s. ofertă; prezentare (de mârfuri pentru vânzare) ~ price - (bur.) preţ de ofertă (preţul la care sunt vândute publicuhii acţiunile comune) offhand adj., adv. improvizat, nepre- gătit office s. 1. birou; sediu (al unei firme); oficiu (al unei administraţiî} 2. slujbă, serviciu; funcţie 3. departament; minister ~ action - notificare, comunicare ofîcială ~ automation - birotică ~ bearer/holder - functionar ~ boy - comisionar; curier ~ building - clădire administrativă cu birouri/cu birouri ~ copy - copie legalizată ~ expenses - cheltuieli de administraţie ~ form - formular administrativ ~ hours - ore de birou / serviciu ~ hunter - vânător de posturi / funcţii, carierist, oportunist ~ management - managementul activităţii de birou ~ staff - personal administrativ / de birou ~ stationery - fumituri de birou ~ work - muncă de birou offîcer s. 1. funcţionar; inspector; persoană oficială, demnitar 2. ofîţer ~ of health - inspector sanitar ~ of state - ftincţionar superior ~ of taxes - agent fiscal ~ of the court - executorjudecătoresc offîcial adj. oficial s. funcţionar; persoană ofîcială

~ discount rate - taxă oficială de scont ~ hour - ora oficială ~ list - (bur.) listă oficială (care conţine cursurile zilei) ~ rate of exchange - curs de schimb oficial ~ receiver - administrator judiciar (al averii falituluî); lichidator (într-un faliment) ~ strike - grevă autorizată ~ test - probă de recepţie offset s. compensatie, echilibrare; decontare adj. referitor la compensaţie / echilibrare v.t. a compensa, a echilibra, a contrabalansa; a deconta ~ account - cont de compensaţie offshore adj. offshore, depărtat de coastă / litoral; din larg adv. în larg s. zonă de apă din vecinătatea coastei ~ discharge - descărcare în radă ~ fîshery - pescuit pe platoul continental offtake s. vânzare; (cantitate de} marfă vândută oil s. ţiţei, petrol; produs petrolier adj. petrolier; petrolifer; de ţiţei / petrol ~ actuary - expert în statistica petrolieră ~ area / land / zone - sector / perimetru / teren petrolifer ~ -bulk-ore carrier - (mar.) vrachier combinat (minereu — mârfuri solide în vrac - petrot) ~ car - vagon-cisternă ~ carrier / ship / tanker / vessel - petrolier, navă petrolieră ~ company - companie petrolierâ ~ delivery - distribuire / livrare de petrol ~ dock - bazin pentru petroliere ~ drillboat - platformă de foraj marin

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208 OIL-ONE ~ field - teren petrolifer; schelâ petrolieră ~ harbour / port - port petrolier ~ industry - industria petrolieră - jetty - chei de petrol ~ market - piaţa petrolului; piaţa acţiunilor petroliere ~ plant - plantă oleaginoasă

"producing area - perimetru petrolifer ~ production - extracţie / producţie de petrol ~ refinery - rafinărie de petrol ~ shares - acţiuni petroliere/ale companiilor petroliere ~ shipment - transport de produse petroliere cu nave petroliere ~ terminal - staţie de transbordare; staţie de pompare finală ~ trucking - transport de produse petroliere cu autocisteme ~ well - sondă de petrol oiler s. petrolier, navă petrolieră old aclj. 1. vârstnic, bătrân 2. vechi ~ age pension - pensie pentru limită de vârstă ~ money - capital existent ~ share - acţiune veche (care, la o eventualâ emisiune, va avea o valoare mai mică decât o acţiune nouă) ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) vechi/existente oligarchy s. oligarhie oligopoly s. oligopol oligopsony s. oligopson omnibus adj. colectiv ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament colectiv onprep. pe; la; în

~ account and risk of shippers - (asig. mar.) în contul şi pe riscul încărcătorilor ~ account of general average - (asig. mar.) în contul avariei comune ~ -board bill of lading - (fnar.) conosament pentru mărfuri încărcate ~ -carrier - cărăuş ulterior ~ -cost charges - cheltuieli generale / de regie ~ credit - pe credit ~ -cycle - perioadă de funcţionare efectivă ~ delivery - la livrare ~ demand - la cerere ~ duty - de serviciu ~ joint account - în cont comun; în participaţie ~ - lending - acordare de credite obţinute din altă sursă ~ license - licenţâ permiţând vânzarea şi consumul băuturilor alcoolice în local ~ offer - oferit, în vânzare {despre marfâ) ~ order - comandat (dar nelivrat) ~ record - înregistrat (oficial) ~ sale - de vânzare ~ sale or return - de probă ~ -the-money option - (bur.) opţiune cu preţ de exerciţiu identic sau apropiat cursului pieţei one adj. \. unul; una 2. unic; singur ~ -crop system - monocultură ~ -dimensional - unidimensional ~ - sided/- way market - (bur.) piaţă specializată (piaţă pe care cotaţiile sunt disponibile fie pentru ofertă, fie pentru cumpârare) ~ • man company - societate contro- latâ de o singură persoană

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ONE-OPE 209 ~ - man market - piaţâ controlată / închisă ~ - name paper - bilet la ordin simplu/cu un singur nume (cel al persoanei care se împrumută) ~ • sided contract - contract unilateral onerous adj. oneros, împovărător (despre condiţii) ~ contract - contract (cu titlu) oneros ~ property - proprietate care consti- tuie o sarcină onerousness s. caracter oneros onflow s. aflux (de capital) onshore adj. de coastă / litoral adv. spre coastă onus s. răspundere, sarcină; obligaţie oneroasă open adj. deschis v.t. a deschide ~ account - cont deschis (m baza unui credit) ~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlo- sire deschis (fără indicarea anticipată a porturilor şi a încârcâturilor) ~ cheque - cec deschis / nebarat ~ contract - contract simplu / deschis ~ cover - poliţâ de asigurare deschisă ~ credit - credit deschis/nelimitat ~ depot - depozit în aer liber ~ discount market - (fin.) piaţa scontului neoficial ~ - door policy - politica uşilor deschise (politică care permite tuturor străinilor sâ desfaşoare activităţi economice sau sâ emigreze într-o anumitâ ţară) ~ - ended - deschis, nedefinitivat (despre un contract) ~ - end fund - fond mutual deschis (care vinde un număr nelimitat de acţiuni pe care se obligâ sâ le răscum- pere la cerere)

~ general licence - licenţă generală deschisă (fdrâ restricţii la import) ~ harbour / port - port deschis ~ indent - comandă de mărfuri la alegerea expeditorului ~ insurance - asigurare flotantă ~ letter of credit - scrisoare de credit deschisă / fâră condiţii ~ market - piaţă deschisă / liberă ~ mortgage - ipotecă deschisă (a cărei sumâ poatefî mărita) ~ order - (bur.) ordin deschis (prdin de tranzacţionare valabil pânâ când este executat sau anulat) ~ outcry - (bur.) licitaţie deschisă ~ policy - (asig. mar.) poliţă deschisă / neevaluată ~ price - preţ liber / nefixat ~ quarrying - exploatare (de carieră) lazi ~ rates - tarif neunifonn ~ season - sezon deschis (de vânătoare, pescnit) ~ shop - întreprindere deschisă (care angajeazâ şi muncitori nesindicalizaţi) ~ space - spaţiu liber / neîncărcat ~ -top container - container deschis / fară capac ~ trade - (comerţ de) speculă ~ union - sindicat deschis (care nu impune condiţii restrictive pentru primirea de noi membri) ~ vote - vot deschis opening s. 1. deschidere; inaugurare 2. oportunitate, ocazie; debuşeu 3. post liber / vacant adj. de deschidere ~ balance - sold iniţial ~ capital - capital iniţial - price/rate - (bur.) curs de deschidere operate v.t. 1. a opera, a efectua (modi- ficărî} 1. a manipula, a acţiona (o

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210 OPE maşinâ} 3. a conduce, a administra (o întrepritidere) 4. a exploata (o ca/e ferată, o navâ etc.) operating adj. 1. de exploatare; tehnic, de deservire 2. operaţional ~ assets - active de exploatare ~ capital - capital de exploatare ~ company - companie operaţionalâ (filiala unei societâţi-holding) ~ conditions - condiţii de exploatare / funcţionare ~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli de ex-ploatare ~ cycle - ciclu operaţional (intervalul de timp dintre cumpărarea de materii prime pentru producţia de bunuri şi încasarea numerarului după vânzarea acestord) ~ data - parametri de exploatare ~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj de exploatare ~ efficiency - randamCTit; capacitate de producţie ~ engineer - inginer de exploatai'e ~ income - venit din exploatare ~ leasing - leasing/locaţie operaţio-nal(ă) (locaţie în care locatorul între-ţine şi finanţeazâ activulfix) ~ leverage - (fin.) levier operaţional (măsura în care sunt utilizate costurile fixe în exploatarea firmeî) ~ losses - pierderi de exploatare ~ merger - fuziune operaţională (fuziune prin care sunt integrate operaţiunile a două companii în speranţa obţinem unor avantaje sinergetice) ~ personnel / staff - personal tehnic / de deservire ~ plan - plan de producţie ~ process - proces tehnologic

~ profits - beneficii de exploatare ~ repairs - reparaţii curente / de întreţinere ~ risk - (fin.) risc operaţional ~ speed - (mar.) viteză comercială / de exploatare ~ statement - (cont.) situaţie a cheltuielilor de exploatare ~ trim - (mar.) asietâ de exploatare operation s. 1. punere în funcţiune, manipulare, acţionare (a unei maşinî) 2. conducere, administrare (a unei întreprmderi) 3. exploatare (a unei căi ferate, a unei nave etc.) 4. tranzacţie, operaţie (financiarâ) ~ breakdown - analiza componentelor unei activitâţi ~ chart - graflc de operaţii ~ line - linie tehnologică ~ sheet - fişâ tehnologicâ ~ s management - management operaţional to come into ~ - a intra în vigoare (despre o lege); a intra în funcţiune operational adj. operaţional; de funcţionare/exploatare ~ factors - parametri de funcţionare ~ reliability - fiabilitate operaţională, siguranţă în funcţionare ~ research - (man.) cercetare operaţio- nală ~ speed - (mar.) viteză comercială / de exploatare operative adj. 1. operativ; eficace; activ 2. apt de exploatare; în bună stare de funcţionare s. muncitor calificat; operator ~ mistake - (dr.) eroare operativă / activă (eroare foarte gravâ care anulează un contracf) ~ obligation - obligaţie executorie

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OPE-ORD 21i to become ~ - a intra în vigoare (despre o lege) operator s. 1. operator; muncitor; mecanic, maşinist 2. telefonist; telegrafist 3. operator de bursă, persoană angajată în operaţii de bursă 5. proprietar sau administrator (al unei întreprinderi etc.) ~ 's licence - licenţă de transport opinion s. opinie ~ leader - lider de opinie ~ poll - sondaj de opinie ~ survey - anchetâ / studiu de opinie; anchetă statistică opportune adj. oportun oportuneness s. oportunitate, caracter oportun opportunity s. ocazie favorabilă, oportunitate (de afaceri) . ~ cost - ( fin.) cost de oportunitate (rata rentabilităţii celei mai bune investiţii alternative disponibile) ~ set - (fin.) set de oportunitate (toate datele risc - rentabilitate referitoare la o investiţie) oppressive adj. opresiv ~ contract - contract opresiv option s. 1. opţiune,alegere 2. tranzacţie cu opţiune / primă; contract cu opţiune (prin care acţiuni sau mârfuri sunt tranzacţionate la o dată şi un preţ specificaf) ~ business / dealing - tranzacţie cu opţiune ~ contract - contract cu opţiune ~ dealer / operator - agent de bursă specializat în tranzacţii cu opţiuni ~ fund - fond de tranzactionare a opţiunilor

~ money - acont (care asigurâ prioritate la cumpărare sau vânzare în condiţii prestahilite) ~ pool - cartel de opţiuni ~ premium - primă de opţiune (plâtitâ de cumpărătorul unei opţiuni de cumpărare) ~s exchange - bursă de opţiuni (pentru acţiuni, obligaţiuni etc.) ~ market - piaţa (mârfurilor) cu livrare la termen ~ stock - titluri de valoare cu opţiune ~ to double - opţiune de dublare (opţiune care îi dă drept vânzătorului să vândă un pachet dublu de acţiuni faţă de cel convenit) optional adj. opţional ~ equipment - echipament opţional (livrat la comandă) ~ extra - accesorii opţionale oral adj. oral ~ agreement --acord verbal orange adj. portocaliu ~ goods - produse de culoare portocalie (bunuri de consum, precum articolele de vestimentaţie, înlocuite în ritm moderat) order s. 1. ordine, succesiune; serie 2. comandă; cerere 3. ordin de plată; mandat poştal 4. ordin, clasă, categorie; calitate 5. ordonanţâ (juridică, financiara); decizie, decret, hotărâre v.t. 1. a aranja; a sistematiza; a organiza 2. a ordona 3. (dr.) a dispune, a hotărî 4. a comanda, a face o comandă de ~ at best - (bur.) ordin de cumpărare în condiţiile cele mai avantajoase ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament Ja ordin ~ blank / form - formular de comandă ~ book - registru de comenzi

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ZV2. ORD-ORG ~ cheque - cec la ordin ~ clause - clauză la ordin ~ clerk - recepţioner de comenzi ~ for government account - comandă de stat ~ for payment/to pay - ordin de plată, ordonanţare ~ in hand - comandă acceptată ~ in writing - comandă scrisă ~ note - notă de comandă ~ of ports - succesiune a porturilor (la încârcare sau descărcare) ~ of priority - ordine a priorităţii ~ of the day - ordine de zi ~ paper - titlu de valoare la ordin; ordine de zi (prezentată în scris) ~ port - port pentm instrucţiuni ~ to buy - ordin de cumpărare ~ to sell - ordin de vânzare ~ to transfer - ordin de virament ~ s not to pay - dispoziţii de suspendare a plăţii (unui cec) to ~ only - numai la comandă ordinary adj. simplu; obişnuit, comun ~ business - (asig.) afacere obişnuită (asigurări de afaceri care nu sunt din sectorul industrial) ~ capital - capital obişnuit (emis sub formă de acţiuni comune) ~ creditor - creditor general (jară drepturi preferenţiale) ~ damages - daune generale ~ debt - creanţă neprivilegiată / neprioritarâ ~ dividend - dividend neprivilegiat / neprioritar ~ freight - marfă de mică viteză ~ income - venit ordinar (pbţinut din activitatea normală de exploatare)

interest - ' dobândă simplă/ necapitalizaţă

~ partner - comanditat ~ partnership - societate în nume colectiv ~ seaman - marinar stagiar/necalificat ~ shares - acţiuni comune/neprivi-legiate ore s. minereu ~ bed/deposit - zăcământ de minereu ~ -bulk-oil carrier - (mar.) vrachier combinat (minereu - mărfuri solide în vrac - petrol) ~ carrier/ship/vessel - mineralier, navă mineralieră ~ - carrying fleet - flotă de minera-liere ~ charter - (mar.) contract de transport pentru minereuri ~ - coal carrier - mineralier - carbo-nier ~ - grain carrier - mineralier - cerea-lier ~ - oil tanker - mineralier - petrolier ~ yard - depozit de minereuri organic adj. organic, structural ~ growth - (man.) dezvoltare organică/ structurală {a uneifirme) organization s. 1. organizare 2. organi-zaţie, asociaţie ~ and methods - (man.) organizare şi metode ~ chart - organigramă ~ planning - planificare a structurii organizatorice organizational adj. organizaţional ~ behaviour - comportament organi-zaţional ~ buying - aprovizionare institutiona-lizată (m.odalitatea prin care diversele organizaţii identifică şi evalueazâ pro-dusele pe care doresc să le achiziţi-oneze)

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ORG-OUT 213 structure - (man.) stmctură

organizaţională organize v.t. a organiza organized adj. organizat ~ exchange - bursă oficială

labour - sindicat; muncitori sindicalizaţi ~ market — piaţă organizată / oficială origin ^. origine (a mârfîî) original adj. 1. original, iniţial 2. original, autentic s. original, exemplar prim ~ accumulative - acumulare primară / primitivă ~ cost - cost iniţial/istoric ~ invoice - factură originală ~ tare - tară iniţială ounce s. uncie (unitate de mâsură pentru greutate) out adv. (în) afară ~ and home freight - (mar.) navlu dus-întors ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare ~ of-commission - scos din exploatare ~ -of-date - învechit; ieşit din uz ~ -of-order - defect, stricat ~ -of-place - şomer ~ -of-stock - epuizat ~ -of-the-money option - opţiune cu preţ de exerciţiu superior cursului pieţei ~ -of-work - şomer; oprit, decuplat outage s. 1. oprire a funcţionării (unui utilaj din cauza unei pene de curent); perioadă de inactivitate 2. perisabilitate (a mărfii) ~ time - timp de pană, durată a ieşirii din funcţiune outbalance v.t. a cântări mai mult decât, a întrece la greutate

outbid v.t. a supralicita, a oferi mai mult (la licitaţie) outbidder s. supralicitant outbidding s. supralicitare outboard (mar.) adj. exterior, în afara bordului, de peste bord ~ delivery - predare de la bord outbound (mar.) adj. 1. cu destinaţia în străinătate; care pleacă într-o călătorie îndepărtată (despre o nava) 2. de export; expediat într-un port străin sau îndepărtat (despre marfâ) ~ freight - caric / navlu de plecare / ieşire ~ shipment - încărcătură expediată outcry s. 1. vânzare la licitatie 2. (bur.) negocieri cu voce tare / prin strigare outdoor adj. în aer liber; exterior, extem ~ plant - instalaţie în aer liber / deschisă ~ staff - personal cu serviciu exterior ~ storage - depozitare în aer liber outer adj. exterior, extem ~ harbour / port - port exterior ~ condition - stare exterioară {a mărfii încărcate) outfit s. 1. echipament; instrumente, scule, ustensile; utilaj 2. armare (a navei) v.t. 1. a echipa, a înzestra; a utila 2. a arma (o nava) outfîtter s. 1. fumizor (de echipament) 2. comerciant, vânzător (de îmbrăcăminte, echipamenf) outgo s. cheltuieli outgoing adj. de plecare; de expediere s. pl. cheltuieli ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare ~ invoice - factură de vânzare ~ partner - partener care iese din firmă

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214 OUT outlay s. cheltuieli v.t. a cheltui ~ tax - impozit indirect outlet s. piaţă de desfacere, debuşeu outlook s. (bur.) previziune (a cursului ucţiunilor) output s. 1. producţie 2. productivitate, randament; capacitate de producţie ~ area - sferâ de producţie ~ coeffîcient / factor - coeficient de eficienţă, productivitate ~ level - nivel de productie ~ per man-hour - productivitate pe om-oră ~ per man-shift - productivitate pe om-schimb ~ standard - normă de producţie outsell v.i. a se vinde mai bine sau mai scump decât (o altă marfa) outside s. 1. exterior, parte exterioară 2. pl. hârtie defectă (în comerţul cu hurtie) adj. 1. exterior, extem 2. maxim; excesiv (despre preţuri) ~ broker - broker neoficial ~ director - membru al consiliului de administraţie neangajat permanent ~ financing - finanţare extemă ~ market - piaţâ neoficială ~ port - avanport ~ price - preţ / curs maxim ~ storage - depozitare în aer liber ~ worker - lucrător la domiciliu outsider s. 1. outsider, străin (persoanâ care nu face parte dintr-un cerc, o mstituţie etc.) 2. broker neoficial outsize s. număr / măsură / talie foarte mare (/a îmbrâcâminte) adj. de talie foarte mare outsized adj. de talie foarte mare outstanding adj. 1. remarcabil, impor- tant 2. neachitat, restant; neamortizat 3.

nesolutionat, litigios; pendinte s. pl. (cont.) conturi debitoare ~ claim / debt - creanţă / datorie restantă ~ interest - dobânzi neachitate / restante ~ liabilities - angajamente neonorate / restante ~ payment - plată restantă outstrip v.t. a întrece, a devansa (un concurent) outturn n. 1. producţie; randament 2. greutate netă a caricului descărcat (la sosirea naveî) ~ report - raport de descărcare ~ sample - mostră din marfa preluată ~ weight - greutate descărcată / predată (de o navă) outvalue v.t. a valora / a costa mai mult decât outvote v.t. a obţine mai multe voturi decât outward adj. exterior, extem; de export ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament al mărfurilor de export ~ - bound - cu destinaţie / în dmm spre un port strâin (despre o navă) ~ cargo - (mar.) caric de plecare, marfă de export ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare ~ payment - plată efectuată ~ voyage - {mar.) voiaj în'străinătate outweigh v.t. a cântâri mai greu decât, a depăşi în greutate outwork s. lucru la domiciliu / în afara fabricii v.t. a lucra mai repede sau mai bine decât outworker s. lucrător la domiciliu

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OVE 215 over prep. peste, dincolo de; la, lângă adv. deasupra; în plus; exagerat, excesiv s. surplus, excedent ~ or under - în plus sau în minus ~ ship's rail - (mar.) peste balustrada navei (formulâ dintr-un conosament care aratâ că responsabilitatea armatorului faţă de caric începe când încărcâtura trece de balustrada naveî) ~ -the-counter drug - medicament care poate fi cumpărat fară reţetă medicală ~ -the-counter market - piaţă neofici- ală / extrabursieră ~ -the-counter securities - titluri de valoare necotate / vândute neoficial overall s. salopetă; echipament de protecţie adj. total, global, general; de gabarit ~ agreement - acord global ~ balance - (fin.) balanţă globală (suma tuturor tranzacţiilor autonome sau oficiale fînanţate cu sau fara folqfirea rezervelor) ~ cost - preţ global ~ dimension - dimensiuni de gabarit ~ output - producţie totală / globală ~ size - gabarit overbalance 5. surplus, excedent (de greutate) v.t. a cântări mai mult decât, a întrece în greutate overbid v. outbid overbidder v. outbidder overbidding v. outbidding overbought adj. supraevaluat, supraes- timat ~ market - (bur.) piaţâ supraevaluată overburden v.t. a supraîncărca overbuy v.t. a cumpăra m cantităţi prea mari; (bur.) a cumpăra m plus faţă de

capacitatea de a oferi acţiuni suplimen-tare în anumite situaţii overcapacity s. capacitate excesivă (de producţie faţă de cerere) overcapitalization s. 1. supraevaluare 2. supracapitalizare overcapitalize v.î. 1. a supraevalua (capitalul unei societăţi prin emiterea unui număr prea mare de acţiuni în raport cu o politicâ fînanciară judici-oasâ sau cu activele nete ale companiei respective) 2. a supracapitaliza overcharge s. 1. supraîncărcare 2. suprapreţ, preţ excesiv v.t. 1. a supraîn-cărca 2. a cere un preţ prea mare pentru v.i. aîncărca lapreţ overdraft s. 1. overdraft, depăşire a contului în bancă; sumă cu care s-a depăşit contul în bancă; cont descoperit 2. neacoperire (a unui mandat de platâ) overdraw v.t. 1. a depâşi {contul) în bancă 2. a da dispoziţii de plată fară acoperire, a elibera (un cec) fară acoperire v.i. a nu avea acoperire overdue adj. întârziat, restant, depăşit ca termen ~ bill - cambie cu scadenţa depăşită ~ debts - arierate ~ delivery - livrare întârziată ~ payment - plată întârziată overentry s. surplus de taxă vamală ~ certificate - certificat vamal pentru rambursarea surplusului de taxă vamală overestimate s. 1. supraevaluare, supraestimare 2. deviz exagerat v.t. a supraevalua, a supraestima overextended adj. supraextins (despre o afacere care ruleazâ şi produce mult mai mulţi bani decât valoarea activelor curenîe)

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216 OVE overfreight s. (mar.) supranavlu, navlu suplimentar overfund v.i. (fin.) a vinde surplusul de titluri de stat overhang s. (fin.) overhang (emisiune excedentară de titluri de valoare care poate determina o scâdere accentuată a cursurilor sau sumâ mare de dolari SUA existentâ în afara ţârii, care, convertită în altâ monedâ, poate antrena scăderea cursului de schimb) overhaul s. 1. revizie generală 2. repa- raţie capitală v.t. 1. a revizui, a verifica (o maşină etc.) 1. a repara overhead adj. global (despre preţurî} s. (şipl.) cheltuieli generale/de regie ~ charges / costs / expenses - cheltuieli generale/de regie ~ price - preţ global / forfetar overinsurance s. supraasigurare overinsure v.t. a supraasigura overinvest v.t. a investi excesiv overinvestment s. investiţie excesivă overinvoice v.t. a factura la preţuri mărite (excesiv) overinvoicing s. facturare la preţuri mărite overissue s. supraemisiune (de acţiuni) overland adj. pe uscat ~ route - rută terestră overlend v.t. a credita excesiv (despre o bancâ) overload s. supraîncărcătură, suprasar- cină v.t. a supraîncărca overpay v.t. a plăti prea mult pentru overpayment s. plată excesivă, sumă plătită în plus overplus s. surplus, excedent overproduce v.t. a produce prea mult faţă de (cerere sau cantitatea prevâ- zută)

overproduction s. supraproducţie ~ crisis - criză de supraproducţie overrate v.t. a supraevalua, a supraaprecia overrule v.t. a respinge (reclamaţiî); a anula (decizii) oversea(s) adj. de peste ocean, de peste mare; strâin, de peste hotare; exterior (despre comerţ) adv. peste ocean, peste mare; în străinătate, peste hotare ~ investment - investiţie în străinătate ~ market - piaţă extemă ~ ship / vessel - navă de cursă lungă ~ shipping - transport pe mare ~ trade - comert exterior / maritim overseer s. supraveghetor oversell v.t. 1. a vinde mai mult decât se poate livra sau există în stoc 2. a vinde folosind campanii promoţionale agresive overside adj„ adv. {mar.) peste bord ~ delivery - livrare / predare peste bord ~ delivery clause - clauza livrării/ predării (marfi.î) peste bord ~ port - port cu alimbare oversize s. supradimensiuni overspend v.i. a cheltui excesiv, a depăşi limita cheltuielilor overstock s. suprastoc, stoc exceden- tar/supranormativ v.t. a suprastoca; a aproviziona excesiv (piaţa, un magazin etc.) overstowage s. (mar.) stivuire inversă oversubscribe v.i. a subscrie excesiv / peste necesităţi (un împrumut, o emisiune de acţiuni) oversubscription s. suprasubscriere, subscriere excedentarâ oversuplly s. supraofertă; suprapro- ductie

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OVE-OWN 217 overtax v.t. a supraimpozita, a impune excesiv overtaxation s. impunere excesivă overtime s. 1. ore suplimentare, muncă suplimentară 2. plată pentru ore supli- mentare adj. referitor la orele supli- mentare adv. peste orele/programul obişnuit de muncă ~ ban - interdicţie de a executa ore suplimentare ~ goods - mărfuri neridicate în termen ~ payment - plată pentru ore suplimentare ~ request - cerere de vămuire în afara programului ~ work - ore suplimentare, muncă suplimentarâ overtonnage s. (inar.) tonaj excesiv {numărul navelor de transport depaşeşte cu mult cererea) overtrade v.i. a desfâşura activităţi comerciale peste disponibilităţile de capital sau cerinţele pieţei overtrading s. desfaşurare de activităţi comerciale peste disponibilităţile de capital sau cerinţele pieţei overvaluation s. supraevaluare, supra- estimare overvalue v.t. a supraevalua, a supraestima overweight s. supragreutate; greutate excedentară, excedent de greutate adj. în surplus

overwork s. 1. ore suplimentare, muncă suplimentară 2. muncă excesivă / istovitoare v.t. a extenua, a istovi; a exploata v.i. a munci excesiv owe v.t. a datora v.i. a fi dator owing adj. datorat, restant, de plată own adj. propriu, personal s. proprietate, avere v.î. a poseda, a stăpâni, a avea m proprietate ~ brand/label - marcă proprie/de comert (nume de marcă atribuit unui produs de catre un intermediar, de obicei un detailist important) to come into one's ~ - a intra în posesia bunurilor sale to work on one's ~ a lucra pe cont propriu owner s. 1. proprietar, posesor 2. {mar.) armator ~ and charterer - armator şi navlo- sitor ~ -manager - director-proprietar ~ 's agent - agent al armatorului ~ 's equity - (fîn.) valoare netă (valoarea unei societăţi reprezentând activele totale minus pasivele totale) ~ 's risk - (pe) riscul proprietarului sau al armatorului ownerless adj. fară proprietar ownership s. 1. proprietate, posesiune 2. drept de proprietate ~ costs - cheltuieli de armare (a nave- lor comerciale)

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P pacemaker 5. muncitor care determină norma pacer v. pacemaker pacesetter v. pacemaker pack s. 1. pachet; balot, bal; ambalaj 2. cantitate de conserve (peşte, fructe etc.) puse pe piaţă (intr-un sezon) adj. de ambalaj v.t. 1. a împacheta, a ambala 2. a conserva; a pune în cutii de conserve ~ goods - mărfuri în baluri ~ paper - hârtie de ambalaj package s. 1. pachet, colet; balot; ambalaj 2. împachetare, ambalare 3. cheltuieli de ambalaj 4. taxe vamale pe baloturile de mărfuri v.t. a împacheta, a ambala ~ car - furgonetă de coletărie, utilitară ~ cargo - caric de colete, coletărie ~ deal - acord / contract global ~ freight - (mar.) mărfuri generale; navlu pentru mărfuri generale ~ goods - mărfuri în ambalaj-tip ~ insurance - (SUA) asigurare globală {care acoperâ mai multe riscuri sau asigură o proprietate în diverse locurî} ~ machine - maşină de împachetat ~ store - (SUA) magazin în care băuturile alcoolice se vând exclusiv în recipiente închise ~ system - sistem de livrări complexe (materiale, servicii, consultanţa) ~ tour - excursie cu itinerar prestabilit (de agenţia turistica) packed adj. împachetat, ambalat ~ weight - greutate cu ambalaj

packer ^. 1. împachetator, ambalator; maşină de ambalat 2. angrosist sau exportator de conserve alimentare packet s. l.pachet; colet 2. navă poştală mică v.t. a împacheta ~ - boat - pachebot ~ station - gara de coletărie packing s. 1. împachetare, ambalare 2. ambalaj ~ agent / material - material de umplutură ~ canvas / cloth / linen - pânză de ambalaj ~ cardboard - carton de ambalaj ~ case - ladă de ambalaj ~ charges / expenses - cheltuieli de ambalare ~ extra - ambalajul facturat separat ~ included - ambalajul inclus în preţ ~ industry / trade - industria conservelor ~ list / note / sheet / slip - inventar de ladă ~ paper - hârtie de ambalaj ~ plant -fabrică de conserve ~ press - presă de împachetat / balotat packsack s. pânză de sac pentru ambalaj pallet s. (mar.) 1. paletă, platformâ mobilă (de încârcare, stivuire) 2. marfâ paletizată ~ -carrying ship / vessel - navă pentru mărfuri paletizate ~ load - încărcătură pe paletă ~ operation - paletizare palletization s. (mar.) paletizare

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PAN-PAR 219

panic s. panică (pe piaţa financiara} ~ price - curs de panică / foarte scăzut paper 5'. 1. hârtie 2. document, act, piesă 3. pl. acte de identitate; documente de serviciu 4. titluri de valoare 5. ziar adj. de hârtie v.t. a împacheta în hârtie ~ blank - formular ~ company - societate de investiţii ~ currency - bani de hârtie, bancnote ~ goods - articole de papetărie ~ industry - industria hârtiei ~ mill - fabrică de hârtie ~ money - bilet de bancâ; monedă fiduciară ~ profit - profit scriptic/teoretic ~ standard - (fin.) etalon-hârtie ~ title - titlu/certificat de proprietate par (/m.) s. 1. paritate 2. valoare nomi-nalâ adj. referitor la valoarea nominală ~ clause - clauză de paritate ~ of exchange - paritate de schimb ~ value - valoare nominală parallel adj. paralel ~ imports - importuri paralele (din ţări cu preţuri mai scăzute decât cele din propria ţara) ~ market - piaţă paralelă (la preţuri mai ridicate, cu livrare imediată} ~ rate (of exchange) - rată neoficială / paralelă (de schimb) ~ standard - (fin.) etalon dublu parcel s. 1. parcelâ, lot (de pămânf) 2. pachet, colet; lot/partidă de mărfuri v.t. 1. (şi ~ out) a parcela; a împărti, a distribui 2. a face colet din, a împacheta ~ car - vagon de coletărie / mesagerie ~ cartage - (c.f.) factaj ~ delivery / post / service - serviciu de mesagerie

~ delivery company - companie de factaj / mesagerie ~ of goods - lot / partidă de mărfuri' ~ of shares - pachet de acţiuni ~ office - birou de mesagerie ~ rates - tarifde coletărie / mesagerie ~ station - gară de coletârie/mesagerie ~ traffîc - trafic de coletărie/mesagerie to ~ out goods - a împărti mărfuri în loturi to ~ up goods - a face colete de mărfuri parent s. părinte ~ bank - bancă centrală ~ company - societate-mamă ~ house - firmă / casă de comert centrală ~ store - magazin central (al unui lanţ de ma.ga7.ine) parity s. paritate ~ clause - clauză de paritate part s. 1. parte 2. parte, piesă, element 3. parte, participare; sarcină, obligaţie ~ cargo charter - (mar.) navlosire parţială ~ delivery - livrare partialâ ~ owner - coproprietar; coarmator ~ payment - plată partială; acont ~ performance - îndeplinire partială (a obligaţiilor contractuale, fapt care atestă existenţa contractului) - -time employment / job - serviciu cu produs redus ~ -time worker - muncitor cu program redus / normă parţială; şomer partial ~ truckload - vagon incomplet ~ - truckload consignment - transport nevagonabil (cu vagon incomplet) partial adj. parţial ~ delivery - livrare parţială ~ loss - (asig.) pierdere paţială

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220 PAR-PAS ~ payment - plată partială; acont participating adj. participant ~ bond - obligaţiune participantă (la beneficiî) ~ insurance - (SUA) asigurare mutuală ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare cu participare (la beneficiî) ~ preference shares - acţiuni prefe- renţiale de participare participation s. participare; partici- paţie ~ account - cont de participaţie ~ loans - credite sindicalizate (ofertă de fonduri făcută de mai multe bănci pentru a susţine un credit mare) participator s. participant particular s. detaliu; caracteristică; specificatie adj. particular, special ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie parti- culară ~ partnership - societate în partici- paţie ~ power - procură specială ~ s of sale - caiet de sarcini particularize v.t. a specifica partner s. 1. partener, asociat 2. (dr.) parte v.t. a se asocia cu partnership s. 1. calitate de asociat/ partener; asociere, participare 2. parti- cipaţie (formă de asociere) ~ at will - asociere fâră contract ~ capital - capital social ~ deed - contract de asociere/societate ~ firm - societate în nume colectiv ~ limited by shares - societate în comandidă pe acţiuni ~ share - participaţie a asociaţilor, cotă-parte la o asociaţie to enter into ~ with smb. - a se asocia cu cineva

to take smb. into ~ - a lua pe cineva ca asociat party s. (dr.) parte ~ at fault - parte în culpă ~ concerned - parte interesată ~ entitled - parte în drept ~ to a case - parte în cauză ~ to a contract - parte la contract ~ to a dispute - parte în litigiu pass s. 1. permis (de liberă trecere), autorizaţie; legitimaţie 2. pasă de navigatie, şenal navigabil v.t. 1. a pune în circulaţie (bani) 2. a vota (iin proiect de lege) 3. a trece (vama) 4. a pronunţa (o sentinţâ) v.i. 1. a face o înregistrare, a trece (în cont etc.) 2. a circula, a fi valabil (despre bani etc.) 3. a fi votat (despre un proiect de lege) ~ of goods - autorizaţie / permis de ridicare a mărfurilor passable adj. 1. carosabil; navigabil 2. (fin.) în circulatie passage s. 1. trecere, pasaj; coridor 2. voiaj, călătorie; traversare (pe mare sau cu avionut) 3. transbordare 4. votare, aprobare (a unui proiect de lege) ~ boat - bac ~ days - (mar.) zile de traversadâ ~ home - călătorie de înapoiere (a navei comerciale) ~ out - călătorie de ducere {a navei comerciale) passbook s. L livret de bancă, camet de economii 2. registru de marfâ (luată pe credit) passenger s. pasager, câlător ~ aircraft / plane - avion de pasageri ~ and cargo ship - navă mixtă (câlători şi marfa) ~ and goods train - tren mixt (călători şi marja)

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PAS-PAW 221

~ boat/carrier/ship/vessel - navă de pasageri ~ list/manifest - listă/manifest de pasageri (îmharcaţi pe o navâ sau într-un avion) ~ mile - pasager-milă (unitate de transport) ~ rates - tarifpentru călători ~ shipping - transport de pasageri (pe mare) ~ service/transport - transport de pasageri ~ station - gară de călători ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor de pasageri ~ traffîc - trafic de pasageri ~ train - tren de călători ~ vehicle - autoturism, autovehicul de călători passive adj. pasiv ~ balance - bilanţ pasiv / deficitar ~ bond - obligaţiune pasivă (fărâ dobănda) ~ commerce - (mar.} comert pasiv (transport al mârfurilor de export cu navele altei ţărî) ~ debts - datorii pasive ~ income - venit pasiv ~ income generator - generator de venit pasiv ~ trade balance - balanţă comercială pasivă / deficitară ~ trust - împutemicire pasivă (m care mandatarul nu are nici o sarcină activâ) passport s. paşaport past adj. trecut; anterior ~ consideration - (dr.) compensatie anterioară ~ - due bill - cambie cu scadenţa depăşită

~ year - (fin.) exerciţiu trecut patent s. brevet, patent adj. brevetat, patentat v.t. a breveta, a patenta ~ agent - agent pentru brevete ~ coverage - protecţie prin brevetare ~ documents - literatură de brevete de invenţii ~ fees / tax - taxă de brevet ~ infringement - încălcare a drepturi- lor de brevet ~ law - legea brevetelor ~ letter - certificat de inventator ~ licence - autorizatie de brevet ~ life / period - termen de valabilitate a brevetului ~ office - oficiu de brevete ~ owner - titular al unui brevet ~ pool - cartel pentru schimbul de licenţe asupra brevetelor de inventie ~ rights - drepturi de brevet ~ specification - descrierea brevetului to apply for a ~ - a cere un brevet to be issued a ~ - a i se acorda un brevet to work a ~ - a exploata un brevet patentable adj. brevetabil patentee s. titular al unui brevet / patent patrimony s. (dr.) patrimoniu pattern s. 1. model; mostră, eşantion 2. structură ~ book - caiet cu mostre ~ of prices - structură a preţurilor pauperism s. pauperism, sărăcie extremă pauperization s. pauperizare, sărăcie pauperize v.t. a pauperiza, a sărăci pawn s. amanet, gaj; garantie v.t. a amaneta, a pune gaj pawnable adj. care poate fi amanetat pawnage s. amanetare

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222 PAW-PAY pawnbroker s. proprietar al unei case de amanet; cămătar, cel ce dă împrumut pe gaj pawnee v. pawnbroker pawner î. amanetator, cel ce dă în gaj pawnshop s. casă de amanet, mimte de pietate pay s. plată; salariu; soldă; onorariu; indemnizaţie; diumă adj. 1. productiv (despre zăcâminte, terenuri) 2. cu plată (despre aparate, mecanisme) v.t. 1. a plăti, a achita 2. (back) a rambursa, a restitui 3. (down) a plăti în numerar / pe loc 4. (in) a plâti în cont curent 5. (off) a plăti/a achita integral; a amortiza 6. (out) a plăti / a achita în rate mici 7. (over) a plăti mai mult (cu o anumită sumâ); a plăti, a achita 8. (up) a lichida o datorie; a plăti, a achita (la timp) v.i. 1. a plăti 2. a aduce profit, a fi profi- tabil 3. (in) a plăti cotizaţiile regulat 4. (into) a plâti în (cont curent) ~ as you earn - impozitare la sursă a venitului ~ as you go - plată pe măsura efectuării operaţiilor sau din încasările curente ~ cash - plata în numerar (formulă pe un cec) ~ desk - casă, casierie ~ freeze - îngheţare a salariilor ~ gravel - zăcământ aluvionar cu conţinut industrial de aur ~ offîce - casierie, birou de plăţi ~ order issued - ordonanţare de plăţi ~ rise - spor de salariu ~ scales - grile de salarizare . ~ television - televiziune cu taxâ / abonament ~ - through securities - titluri de va- loare emise în baza creditelor ipotecare

~ zone - zonă (petroliferă) productivă payability s. (dr.) exigibilitate payable adj. 1. plătibil 2. productiv (despre zăcâminte, terenuri) 3. (dr.) exigibil ~ area - arie / zonă (petroîiferâ) productivă ~ as per endorsement - plătibil prin andosare ~ at maturity - plătibil la scadenţă ~ at sight - plătibil la vedere ~ by instalments - plătibil în rate ~ in advance - plătibil cu anticipaţie ~ net cash - plătibil în numerar fâră reducere ~ on delivery - plătibil la livrare ~ on demand - plătibil la cerere ~ on presentation - plătibil la prezentare ~ to bearer - plătibil la purtător ~ to order - plătibil la ordin paycheck s. (SUA) salariu plătit prin cec payday s. 1. (bur.) zi de lichidare 2. zi de plată (a salariului) payee ^. beneficiar, primitor {al unei plâţi, al unui efect de comerf) payer s. plătitor paygate s. turnichet (care funcţionează dupd plata taxei, introducerea cartelei) paying adj. 1. care plăteşte; de plată 2. rentabil, profitabil ~ agent - domiciliatar (al unei cambii) ~ capacity - solvabilitate, posibilitate de plată ~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate de încărcare netă / utilă ~ offîce - casierie, birou de plăţi payload s. sarcină utilâ / comercială; capacitate utilă paymaster s. casier

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PAY-PED 223

~ general - casier-şef; şef al serviciului financiar paymastership s. funcţie de casier payment s. plată; vărsământ ~ after delivery - plată după livrare ~ against documents - plată contra documente ~ at sight - plată la vedere ~ by instalments - plată în rate ~ by results - plată în funcţie de producţia realizată ~ by transfer - plată prin virament ~ countermanded - plată contraman- dată ~ for honour / supra protest - plată pentru onoare / sub protest (a unei cambii) ~ forward - plată contra ramburs ~ in advance / anticipation - plată anticipată ~ in arrear - plată restantă ~ in cash / specie - plată în numerar ~ in driblets - plată fracţionată ~ in due course - plată la termenul cuvenit ~ in full - plată integrală ~ in kind - plată în natură ~ in part - plată partialâ ~ media - mijloace de plată ~ of balance - plată a soldului ~ on account - plată parţială (a unei datoriî) ~ order - ordin de plată ~ patterns approach - abordare bazată pe scheme de plată (metodâ de monitorizare a creanţelor, în care efee- tele comerciale de primit sunt legate de vânzârile din luna de origine) ~ record - evidenţă a plăţilor (la un credif) ~(s) agreement - acord de plăţi

~s received - plăţi primite ~ terms - (com.) condiţii de platâ ~ unit - unitate de plată payoff^. plată, retribuţie; amortizare paypacket s. plic cu salariul în numerar (incluzând şi fişa de calctil a acestuid) payroll s. stat de salarii ~ clerk - functionar însărcinat cu plata şi evidenţa salariilor ~ deduction insurance - asigurare de viaţă cu prime achitate / reţinute din salariu payslip s. fişă de calcul (net) al salariului {care însoţeşte plata acestuid) peaceful adj. paşnic ~ picketing - pichetare paşnică (de către greviştî) peak s. vârf ~ effîciency - randament maxim; productivitate maximă ~ hours - ore de vârf ~ load - sarcină / încărcătură maximă ~ output - productie maximă ~ value - valoare maximă ~ year - an-record / de vârf peck s. peck (unitate de mâsură pentru capacitate) peculate v.t. a delapida, a detuma (fonduri publice) v.i. a defrauda statul peculator s. delapidator, defraudator pecuniary adj. 1. pecuniar, bănesc; financiar 2. pasibil de amendă peddle v.t. a face comert ambulant cu v.î'. a face comerţ ambulant peddler v. pedlar peddlery v. pedlary pedlar s. vânzător ambulant

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224 PED-PER pedlary s. 1. comert ambulant (de mârunţişurî} 2. marfâ a negustorului ambulant peg s. curs de schimb susţinut (de guvem) v.t. a susţine, a stabiliza (piaţa, preţuri etc.) penal adj. penal ~ code - cod penal penalize v.t. a penaliza penalty 5. penalizare; daună penaliza- toare; daune - interese ~ cargo - caric/încărcătură cu pena- lizare ~ clause - clauză de daune - interese

dockage - penalizare pentru folosirea danei peste termenul stabilit ~ for non-performance of contract -daune contractuale ~ interest - dobândă penalizatoare penetration s. penetrare ~ strategy - strategie de penetrare (pe o piaţă) penny s. penny, peni (monedă divizionarâ engleză) ~ bank - bancă / casâ de economii (care acceptă depuneri mici} ~ -in-the-slot machine - distribuitor automat ~ stock - (SUA) titlu de valoare vândut la preţ scăzut (pentru mai puţin de un dolar) pennyweight 5. pennyweight (unitate de măsnrâ pentru greutate) pension s. pensie v.t. a pensiona; a acorda o pensie ~ fund - fond de pensii ~ scheme - plan de pensii to grant a ~ to smb. - a pensiona pe cineva pensionable adj. 1. de pensie/pensio-nare {despre vârsta) 2. care are dreptul

la pensionare (despre persoane) 3. sus- ceptibil de reţinere pentru pensie (despre venituri) ~ age - vârstă de pensionare ~ emoluments - câştiguri supuse reţinerilor pentru pensie ~ service - ani de muncă (socotiţi la calcularea pensiei) pensionary s. pensionar adj. 1. de pensie 2. pensionat pensioner s. pensionar pent-up adj. controlat, reţinut ~ demand - cerere controlată ~ inflation - inflaţie controlată penury adj. penurie perprep. 1. pe; per 2. prin, cu ~ annum - pe an ~ capita - pe cap de om, de persoanâ ~ cent - la sută

contra - (cont.) trecut pe contrapagină ~ day / diem - pe zi ~ man-hour - pe om-oră ~ medio - (bur.) cu lichidare la mijlocul lunii ~ messenger - prin curier ~ month / mensem - pe lună ~ post - cu poşta ~ procuration / procurationem - prin procurâ ~ ton - pe tonă ~ ultimo - (bur.) cu lichidare la sfârşitul lunii ~ weather working day - pe zi lucrătoare, în mâsura în care starea timpului o permite percentage s. procentaj; procente ~ analysis - analiză procentuală ~ contributions - cote procentuale ~ of sales method - (cont.) metoda procentului din vânzări (inetodâ de

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PER previziune a nevoilor financiare prin exprimarea diferiteîor posturi de bilanţ ca procent din vânzări şi apoi înmul- ţirea acestor procentaje cu vânzârile viitoare estimate pentru a realiza bilanţuri pro foriîia) perch s. prăjină (ynitate de măsură pentru lungime) perfect adj. 1. perfect, ireproşabil; complet, intact 2. corect, exact v.t. 1. a perfecţiona, a îmbunătăţi 2. a finaliza, a executa ~ competition - concurenţă perfectă ~ entry - declaraţie vamală definitivă ~ hedge - (bur., fin.) asigurare perfectă împotriva riscurilor ~ market - piaţă perfectă (cu competiţie perfectâ) ~ monopoly - monopol perfect / total ~ quality - calitate ireproşabilă ~ ream - top (de hârtie) perform v.t. a executa, a îndepiini (un contract, o obligaţie etc.) performance s. 1. executare, îndepli- nire (a unui contract, a unei obligaţii etc.) 1. productivitate, randament ~ appraisal - apreciere a capacitătii (unui salariat); apreciere a execuţiei ~ bond - scrisoare de garanţie bancară de executare (a contractului) ~ fund - fond mutual cu investiţii pe termen scurt ~ guarantee - garanţie de executare (a contractului) ~ index - indice de calitate ~ • related pay - retribuţie în funcţie de performanţe ~ standard - standard de performanţă; standard de operare (controlul utilizdrii terenurilor industriale)

~ test - probă de exploatare / funcţionare peril s. pericol; risc ~ point - (SUA) punct periculos (sub care reducerea tarifelor vamale la import prejudiciazâ economia naţională) ~s of the sea clause - (asig. mar.) clauza pericolelor mării period s. perioadă, durată, tennen ~ bill - cambie la termen ~ costs - costuri fixe ~ of service - durată de exploatare ~ under review - (fin.) perioadă analizată, exerciţiu trecut periodical adj. periodic; ciclic s. publicaţie periodică ~ increment - creştere periodică ~ inventory - (cont.) inventar periodic ~ payments - plăţi periodice peripheral adj. periferic ~ service - serviciu periferic (care este oferit pe lângă serviciile bancare de bazăfără comision) ~ workers - (man.) muncitori perife- rici (mutaţi în interes de serviciu) perishable adj. perisabil, alterabil s. pl. mărfuri perisabile ~ goods / freight - mărfuri perisabile ~ traffîc - trafic de mârftiri perisabile permanent adj. pennanent ~ address - adresă pennanentă ~ assets - active imobilizate, capital fix ~ customer - client permanent ~ debt - datorie consolidată ~ employees - salariaţi permanenţi ~ income - venit permanent ~ investment - investiţie pe termen lung ~ loan - împrumut consolidat

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226 PER ~ medium - monedă stabilă; valută forte ~ output - producţie continuă ~ residence - domiciliu stabil permissible adj. admisibil, pennis ~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj admisibil ~ load - încârcătură permisă permit ^. 1. permis, licenţă 2. autorizaţie de liberă circulaţie (pentru marfa) v.î. a permite, a autoriza ~ for home consumption - certificat de scutire de vamă pentru o marfa de consum intem to take out a ~ - a obtine un permis / o licenţă perpetual adj. perpetuu; permanent ~ annuity - anuitate perpetuă ~ bond - obligaţiune perpetuă ~ inventory - (cont.) inventar perma- nent (menţinut la zi) ~ order - comandă permanentă (pentru aceîeaşi mărfurî) perpetuity 5'. 1. (fin.) perpetuitate (flux de plăţi viitoare egale estimat să continue veşnic) 2. (dr.) posesiune pe termen nelimitat perquisite s. 1. câştig suplimentar; câştig întâmplător 2. indemnizaţie specială 3. beneficiu marginal; bacşiş personal adj. 1. personal; particular, privat 2. (fifr.) mobiliar ~ accident and sickness insurance - asigurare de persoane contra acciden- telor şi bolilor ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi personale ~ allowance / relief - reducere a procentului de impozitare ~ assets - active mobiliare ~ cheque - cec personal (al unei persoane fizice)

~ credit - credit personal (reputaţia unei persoane care îi permite să obţînă mărfuripe credit) ~ equity plan - plan personal de investiţii (m titluri de valoare) ~ estate / property - proprietate mobiliarâ ~ income tax - impozit asupra venitului personal ~ identification number - cod personal de identificare (al clientului unei băncî) ~ investment - investiţie personală/ financiară {investiţie în valori mobi- liare) ~ liability insurance - asigurare de răspundere personală ~ loan - împmmut personal (acordat de o bancăfâră garanţiî) ~ sector - sector privat (fn economie) ~ security - garanţie personală; garanţie mobiliară ~ shares - acţiuni nominale personalty s. (dr.) proprietate mobili-ară, avere mobiliară personnel s. personal, efectiv, salariaţi ~ agency - oficiu de plasare a fortei de muncă ~ department - serviciu de personal ~ director/manager - şef al serviciului de personal ~ files /records - dosare (individuale) ale salariaţilor

management - managementul resurselor umane ~ plans - programe ale salariatilor ~ policy - politică în materie de personal (a uneifirme) ~ specification - fişa salariatului (de studii, experienţâ, calificare etc.)

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PER-PIE 227

persuasibility s. capacitate de a se lăsa convins (de o reclamă) persuasive adj. persuasiv ~ advertising - publicitate persuasivă petition s. petiţie; cerere v.t. a înainta o petiţie / cerere către sau pentru v.i. a face o cerere, a înainta o petiţie ~ for respite - cerere de amânare (a plăţiî) ~ in bankruptcy - cerere de declarare în stare de faliment to fîle one's ~ in bankruptcy - a se declara în. stare de faliment petitioner s. 1. petiţionar; solicitant 2. (dr.) reclamant petrocurrency s. petrovalută petrodollars s. petrodolari petrol s. benzină; gazolină ~ bulk lorry - camion-cistemă de benzină ~ carrier - petrolier de benzină ~ -filling station - staţie de benzină petroleum s. petrol, ţiţei ~ carrier/ship/vessel - petrolier, tanc petrolier ~ crude - ţiţei brut ~ deposit - zăcământ de petrol ~ drilling - foraj de sonde de petrol ~ engineering - tehnologie de prelucrare a petrolului ~ extraction - extracţie de petrol ~ fuel oil - combustibil de petrol ~ industry - industria petrolieră ~ mineral oil - ulei mineral; petrol lampant ~ naphtha - benzină grea ~ processing - prelucrare a petrolului ~ refinery - rafinărie de petrol ~ refining - rafinare a petrolului ~ (revenue) tax - impozit pe veniturile obţinute din comercializarea petrolului

~ spirit - benzină ~ (tank) car - vagon-cistemă ~ wharf - chei de petrol petty adj. mărunt, mic; minor s. pl. (cont.) cheltuieli mămnte ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie minoră ~ cash - casă mică; cheltuieli sau încasări mărunte ~ dealer - negustor cu amănuntul pharmaceutical adj. farmaceutic s. produs farmaceutic, medicament physical adj. fizic ~ assets - active corporale ~ capital -capital fix, mijloace fixe

distribution management managementul distribuţiei fizice a mărfurilor (ambalaj, transport, depo'zitare etc.) ~ inventory/stocktaking - (cont.) inventar fizic ~ productivity - productivitate a capitalului fix picket s. pichet v.t. a picheta picketing s. pichetare (de către greviştî) piece s. 1. bucată, parte 2. parcelâ (de teren) 3. piesă 4. monedă ~ fabric / goods - mârfuri textile cu metraj m bucată ~ rate system - sistem de muncă în acord ~ wage - salarizare pentru munca în acord ~ work - muncă în acord to do ~ work (to work by the ~) - a munci în acord piecemeal adv. cu bucata to work ~ - a lucra în acord piecework s. muncă în acord ~ rates - tarif pentru munca în acord

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228 PIE-PLA pieceworker s. muncitor cu plata în acord pier s. mol; dig; chei; dană ~ barge - dană plutitoare ~ dues - taxe de cheiaj ~ master - responsabil de chei ~ - to-pier containerization - con- tainerizare "chei la chei" pierage s. taxă de cheiaj pilferage s. (asig.) pierderi cauzate de furtul mărfii în timpul transportului; fiirt de marfâ pilot s. pilot adj. experimental, pilot v.t. apilota ~ licence - brevet de pilot ~ plant - instalaţie experimentală/pilot ~ production - producţie experimen- tala/pilot ~ study - studiu prealabil / pilot pilotage s. 1. pilotaj, pilotare 2. taxe de pilotaj ~ dues / rates - taxe de pilotaj ~ service - serviciu de pilotaj pint s. pintă (unitate de masura pentrit capacitate) pipe s. ţeavă, conductă v.t. a transporta prin conductă ~ conduit - tubulatură (pe un petrolier) ~ -line - pipe-line, oleoduc ~ -line run - cantitate de produs transportatâ prin conductă piscary s. 1. (dr.) drept de pescuit (in ape străine) 2. zonă de pescuit pittance x. salariu derizoriu; venituri mici place 5. 1. loc 2. post, funcţie; serviciu, ocupaţie v.t. 1. a pune, a aşeza; a amplasa 2. a numi (intr-un post) 3. a plasa, a investi (bani) 4. a fixa, a stabili (data, locul) 5. a încheia (un contract) 6. a vinde, a plasa (mărfurî}

~ of abode - (dr.) domiciliu ~ of call - loc de escală ~ of delivery - loc de livrare ~ of destination - loc de destinaţie ~ of employment / work - loc de muncă ~ of origin - loc de origine ~ of payment - loc de plată placement s. 1. punere, aşezare; amplasare 2. plasament, investiţie placing s. 1. (şi pl.) plasare a unei emisiuni de acţiuni (aparţinând unei societâţi cu râspundere limitată care intenţionează sâ devinâ anonimă) 2. încheiere a unui contract de asigurare plaint s. (rfr.) plângere, reclamaţie ~ note - notă de reclamaţie plaintiff s.(dr.) reclamant, parte civilă plan s. plan; proiect; schiţă; diagramâ v.t. a planifica; a proiecta v.i. a face planuri, a planifica ~ manager - manager al unui plan de beneficii planned adj. planificat ~ economy - economie planificată/ centralizată ~ investment - investiţie planificată ~ obsolescence - (com.) planificare a articolelor care se demodează uşor ~ outage - întrempere planificată m functionare ~ production - productie planificată ~ unit development - plan de dezvoltare zonală planner s. planificator; proiectant planning s. 1. planificare 2. sistema- tizare ~ and design work - studiu de proiect ~ horizon - orizont de planificare (pe 5-10 ani) ~ permission - aprobare a cadastrului

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PLA-POL

studiu urbanistic/de siste- ~ survey matizare plant s. 1. plantă 2. uzină; fabrică 3. utilaj, instalaţie; echipament v.t. a planta, a sădi ~ depot / yard - magazie / depozit de materiale şi utilaje ~ -hire rate - tarif de închiriere a utilajelor ~ layout - amplasare a uzinei ~ leasing - închiriere (pe termen lung) a unei instalaţii industriale sau clădiri complet echipate ~ practice - practică în producţie; experienţă practică ~ stock - utilaj, echipament; inventar ~ unit - agregat plantation s. 1. plantaţie 2. pl. acţiuni ale companiilor care exploatează plantaţii (de tutun, cafea etc.) plastic adj. plastic ~ card - carte de credit ~ money - bani de plastic, mijloc de plată prin cartea de credit plate s. placă, tablă, foaie de metal v.t. a placa {cufoi de metal) ~ mark - marcă (la metale prefioase) platform s. 1. platformă 2. (c.f.) peron; rampă de încârcare ~ container - container-platformă ~ lorry - camion-platformâ ~ truck / waggon - vagon-platformă player s. speculant la bursă plea s. (dr.) pledoarie; argument ~ of nullity - argument pentru declararea nulităţii (unui contract) pleasure 5'. plăcere, agrement ~ boat / ship - navă de agrement ~ trip - călătorie turistică/de agrement pledge s. gaj, garanţie v.t. a pune în gaj, a da ca garanţie

_________________________229

~ of movables - garanţie mobiliară ~ of real property - garanţie imobilară to redeem a ~ - a scoate din gaj pledgee s. creditor gajist pledger v. pledgor pledgor s. debitor gajist plenary adj. plenar (despre şedinţe, adunârî) plenipotentiary adj. plenipotentiar, cu puteri depline s. ambasador plenipo- tenţiar plot s. lot/parcelă de teren v.t. a parcela plotting 5'. parcelare plough 5'. 1. plug 2. arătură v.t. 1. a ara 2. (back) a reinvesti profitul ~ land - pâmânt arabil; teren cultivat ploughman s. plugar; muncitor agricol plutocracy s. plutocraţie poach v.t. 1. a acapara; a obţine (in mod ilegal) 2. a încălca (proprietatea cuiva) pole s. prăjină (unitate de măsură pentru lungime) policy s. 1. politică 2. poliţă (de asigurare) ~ of deflation - politică deflaţionistă ~ of inflation - politică inflaţionistă ~ of insurance - poliţă de asigurare ~ of retrenchment - politică de economie / restricţii bugetare ~ proof of interest - (asig. mar.) poliţă de onoare / fară obiect asigurat

reserves of life insurance companies - rezerve de poliţe ale societăţilor de asigurări de viaţă (pri-mele acumulaîe sub forma depozitelor deţinătorului de prime de asigurare) policyholder s. titular al unei poliţe de asigurare political adj. politic ~ economy - economie politică

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230 POL-POR ~ risk analysis - analiza riscului politic (evaluaî de un investitor, referitor la politica guvernamentală a unui stat) ~ uncertainty - instabilitate politică poll s. 1. listă electorală; electorat 2. alegeri; votare 3. sondare a opiniei publice; sondaj electoral v.t. 1. a efec- tua alegeri în, a cere votul (unei regiuni) 2. a obţine (yoturi) v.i. a vota, a-şi da votul ~ tax - capitaţie, impozit pe cap de locuitor polling s. 1. alegeri; votare 2. sondare a opiniei publice; sondaj electoral ~ station - secţie de votare pollute v.t. a polua pollution s. poluare

control bond - obligaţiune (municipala) emisâ pentru finanţarea controlului poluării aerului şi a apei pool s. 1. fond comun 2. cartel, trust, pool 3. pronosport v.t. a comasa (benficii, fonduri, interese, riscurî) v.i. a forma un cartel pooling s. 1. comasare (de beneficii, fonduri, interese, riscurî) 2. formare a unui cartel ~ of interests - combinarea intereselor (metodâ contabilâ pentru combinarea situaţiilor contabile a două firme care fuzionează) poor adj. sărac 2. nefertil, neproductiv (despre sol); slab, insuficient (despre recoltă etc.) 3. nesatisfăcător, necores-punzător; inferior (despre calitate) 4. mic, redus, modest (despre venituri, beneficiî) popular adj. 1. popular, căutat (despre unprodus) 2. accesibil (despre preţuri) population s. populaţie

~ census - recensâmânt al populaţiei port s. port ~ agency - agenţie portuară ~ area - zonă portuară ~ authorities - autorităţi portuare ~ -bound - retinut în port (despre o navâ) ~ capacity - capacitate de operare a portului ~ call - escală, intrare m port; notificare / avizare de navă "gata de operare" (încârcare-descârcare) ~ charges / dues / duty - taxe portuare ~ clearance - eliberare a portului/ danelor portuare de mărfurile sosite ~ complex - complex portuar ~ days - zile de stationare în port (a unei nave în exploatare) ~ development - dezvoltare / extindere a portului ~ differential - tarif de navlu diferenţiat între porturi ~ effîciency - eficienţă de operare a portului ~ equipment - utilaj portuar ~ facilities - instalaţii portuare ~ mark - marcă de port (pentru mărfuri) ~ of adjudication - port destinat navelor reţinute pentm contrabandă ~ of arrival - port de sosire ~ of call - port de escală ~ of delivery - port de predare (a mârfiî) ~ of departure / sailing - port de plecare ~ of destination - port de destinaţie ~ of discharge - port de descărcare ~ of distress / necessity / refuge - port de refugiu ~ of embarkation - port de îmbarcare

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POR-POS 231

~ of entry - port de intrare / sosire; port vamal / de import ~ of intake / loading / shipment - port de încărcare ~ of reference - port principal / de referinţă (pentru calculul mareei) ~ of registry - port de înregistrare / înmatriculare (a naveî) ~ of transit - port de tranzit ~ of transshipment - port de transbordare ~ offîce - direcţie portuară ~ pay - retribuţie (a echipajului) pentru timpul de staţionare în port ~ personnel - personal portuar ~ policy - poliţâ de asigurare în port ~ rates - taxe vamale portuare ~ regulations - regulament al portului '- risk policy - poliţâ de asigurare pentru riscurile de port ~ shipping register - registru portuar de evidenţă a mărfurilor încărcate ~ speed - viteză / celeritate / normâ de operare a portului ~ terminal - terminal portuar ~ work - operaţie portuară (incărcare, descărcare, transbordare) portability s. portabilitate (a planurilor de pensii) portable adj. portabil ~ pension - pensie la purtător portage s. 1. transport; cărăuşie 2. taxe de transport; (c.f.) fraht; (mar.) navlu 3. transbordare de mărfuri sau vase mici de pe un râu pe altul; zonă între două râuri folosită în acest scop 4. salariu al marinarilor pe durata staţionării vasului în port v.t. a transporta / a transborda de pe un râu pe altul porter s. hamal; docher

porterage s. 1. manipulare (de mărfuri), hamalâc 2. plată a hamalului / docherului portfolio s. 1. servietă, mapă 2. (fin.) portofoliu ~ analysis - analiză de portofoliu ~ investments - investiţii de portofoliu ~ management - management de portofoliu position s. poziţie (pe piaţă sub forma contractelor jdră acoperire) ~ building - (bur.) constmire a unei poziţii (prin cumpărarea treptată de acţiuni pentru a evita creşterea bruscă a preţului lor) possess v.t. a poseda, a avea în posesiune / proprietate possession s. 1. posesie, posesiune 2. pl. proprietate, posesiune; avere to come/to enter into ~ of a property - a intra în posesia unui bun to give ~ of sth. - a da ceva în posesie possessor s. posesor; proprietar possessory adj. de posesie / proprietate ~ lien - drept de retenţie {dreptui creditorului de a păstra o proprietate a debitorului restantpână când acesta îşi achitâ întreaga datorie) post s. 1. poştă, oficiu poştal 2. poştă, corespondenţă 3. post, funcţie; serviciu v.t. 1. a expedia (prin poştă) 2. (cont.) a transcrie (in cartea mare) ~ code - cod poştal ~ -free - franco, scutit de taxe poştale ~ offîce - oficiu poştal ~ -offîce box - căsuţă poştală ~ -offîce order - mandat poştal ~ -office receipt - recipisă poştală ~ -office savings bank - casă de economii la oficiul poştal postage s. tarifpoştal; francare

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232 POS-PRA ~ book - registru de evidenţă a francării ~ included - inclusiv costul expedierii prin poştă ~ paid - francat ~ rates - tarifpoştal ~ stamp - timbm poştal postal adj. poştal ~ address - adresă poştală ~ card - carte poştală ~ charges - cheltuieh poştale/de expe-diere prin poştă ~ franking machine - maşină poştală de francat ~ giro - serviciu poştal de transfer giro ~ order - mandat poştal ~ rates / tariff - tarifpoştal ~ receipt - recipisă poştală ~ service - serviciu poştal; poştă ~ trade - comert prin poştă ~ union - uniune poştală postdate v.t. a postdata postentry s. 1. (cont.) înregistrare ulterioarâ 2. declaraţie (vamaîâ) suplimentară poster s. poster, afiş ~ advertising - publicitate prin postere posthaste adv. expres (despre scrisorî) postman s. poştaş, factor poştal postmark s. ştampilă poştală v.t. a ştampila {scrisori etc.) postmaster s. diriginte de poştă postpaid adj., adv. francat potential adj. potential ~ customer - client potenţial ~ market - piaţă potenţială, debuşeu potenţial pottery s. 1. olărie; ceramică 2. olărie (atelier, fabricâ) ~ industry - industria ceramică ~ ware - produse de olărie

poulterer s. negustor de păsări de curte poultry s. 1. păsări de curte 2. came de pasâre de curte ~ farm - fermă avicolă ~ farmer - avicultor ~ farming - avicultură pound s. 1. livrâ, funt, pfund, (unitate de măsurâ pentru greutate) 1. liră ster-lină 3. liră v.i. (la monetărie) a verifica greutatea monedelor ~ -foolish - neglijare a administrării sumelor mari de bani (ca rezultat al preocupării excesive pentru fondurile micî) ~ sterling - liră sterlină poundage s. 1. greutate în livre 2. taxă (yamală etc.) pe livră 3. procent calcu-lat pe liră sterlină (la salarii, profituri eîc.) poverty s. sărăcie ~ level / line - prag de sărăcie ~ trap - capcana sărăciei (situaţie în care se află o persoană cu venituri mici, al cărei ajutor social e diminuat înfuncţie de câştigul obţinut din munca siiplimentară şi care nu are stimulente pentru a munci) power s. 1. putere, energie 2. autoritate; control 3. împutemicire, mandat ~ of attorney - procură ~ of sale - drept de vânzare (dreptul executorului testamentar de a vinde o parte din masa succesoraîă) ~ plant - centrală electricâ practical adj. 1. practic; util, folositor 2. de drept ~ owner - proprietar de drept practice s. 1. practică 2. practicare, profesare, exercitare (a unei profesiî) 3.

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clientelă (de medic sau avocat) 4. metodă, procedeu 5. uzanţă ~ s of trade - uzanţe comerciale the ~ of the courts - (dr.) jurisprudenţă practise v.t. 1. a practica, a profesa, a exercita (o profesie) v.i. a practica, a profesa practitioner s. 1. medic sau avocat practicant 2. practician; profesionist, specialist precalculated adj. antecalculat ~ cost price - preţ de cost antecalculat precapitalistic adj. precapitalist precast adj. prefabricat (din beton) ~ unit - element prefabricat din beton precautionary adj. preventiv ~ balance - sold de numerar preventiv (numerar pâstrat pentm cheltuieli neprevâzute) precept s. ordin de plată (emis de o persoanâ împuternicita) precontract s. precontract predatory adj. acaparator ~ pricing - stabilire de preţuri acaparatoare (preţuri scâzute iniţial pentru eliminarea concurenţei şi instituirea monopolului) preempt v.t. 1. a ocupa (teren) pentru a dobândi dreptul de preempţiune 2. a cumpăra înaintea altora; a lua în posesie înaintea altora preemption s. (dr.) drept de preempţiune preemptive adj. preemptiv

bid - ofertă avantajoasă de cumpărare (pentru descurajarea altor ofertanţi) ~ patenting - brevetare de blocare (brevetarea unui produs sau a unui

proces tehnologic cu scopul de a-l face inaccesibil concurenţei) ~ right - drept de preemţiune (clauzâ din contractul de societate şi stalut care dă acţionarilor comuni dreptul de a cumpăra proporţional noi emisiuni de acţiuni comune sau titluri de valoare convertibile în acţiuni comune) prefabricate v.t. a prefabrica prefer v.t. 1. a prefera 2. a avansa, a promova (in servicui) 3. a înainta (o cerere, o plângere); a formula (o revendicare) preference s. 1. preferinţă 2. drept de prioritate; regim preferenţial ~ capital - capital al unei companii emis sub formă de acţiuni preferenţiale -' shares - acţiuni preferenţiale ~ shareholder - acţionar deţinător de acţiuni preferenţiale preferential adj. preferenţial; privile-giat ~ claim - privilegiu ~ creditor - creditor preferenţial (ale cârui creanţe sunt rambursate prioritar în caz de faliment) ~ debt - datorie preferenţială (plătitâ integral, în caz de faliment, înaintea altor datorii} ~ duty / tariff - taxă / tarif vamal(ă) preferenţial(ă) (la import) ~ payments - (dr.) plăţi preferenţiale (efectuate din averea unuifalit) ~ right - drept preferenţial ~ shares - acţiuni preferenţiale (cu plata prioritarâ a dividendelor) ~ shop - întreprindere care acordă tratament preferenţial (membriîor de sindicat) ~ terms - condiţii preferenţiale preferentialism s. sistem preferenţial

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234 PRE preferment s. 1. avansare, promovare (în serviciu) 1. funcţie superioară preferred v. preferential prejudice s. prejudiciu, pagubă, daună v.t. a prejudicia, a cauza prejudicii preliminary adj. preliminar ~ design / plan / project - anteproiect ~ entry - declaraţie vamală prelimi-nară ~ expenses - cheltuieli preliminare / de mfnnţare (a unei societăţi)

~ hearing - audiere preliminarâ ~ work - lucrare pregătitoare premise s. 1. premisă, punct de plecare 2. pl. (dr.) puncte sus-mentionate 3. pl. (dr.) parte introductivâ (a unui document) 4. pl. cladire, imobil (cu teren, instalaţii etc.) premium s. 1. premiu, primă (de asigurare etc.) 2. (fin.) agio 3. taxă de ucenicie ~ bonus - primă pentru economisirea timpului de lucru ~ for the call - (bur.) primă directă / pentru opţiune de cumpărare ~ for the put - (bur.) primă inversă / pentm optiune de vânzare ~ on an issue / on shares - primă de emisiune a actiunilor ~ on gold - (fin.) agio asupra aurului ~ on redemption - primă de rambur- sare ~ pay - primă de stimulare ~ (savings) bond - obligaţiune cu premii prin tragere la sorţi ~ wage system - sistem de salarizare cu primă preowned adj. de ocazie, la mâna a doua prepack v. prepackage prepackage v.t. a preambala

prepay v.t. 1. a plăti anticipat 2. a franca prepayment s. 1. plată anticipată 2. francare ~ privilege - privilegiu de plată anticipată (a unei datorii înainte de scadenţa) present adj. 1. prezent; actual 2. pre-zent, de faţă s. 1. prezent; actualitate 2. cadou, dar v.t. a prezenta, a-şi da (demisio), a prezenta, a depune (o cerere, un document etc.) ~ capital - capital disponibil ~ -day - actual, prezent ~ goods - mârfuri disponibile ~ month - lună curentă ~ value / worth - valoare actuală ~ value method - metodă de estimare la valoarea actuală (a unei investiţii) presentation s. prezentare (a unui efect de comerţ) ~ draft - trată la vedere president s. preşedinte (al unei societâţî); director general press s. 1. presă; ziare 2. tipografîe, imprimerie ~ advertising campaign - campanie de publicitate în presă ~ agency - agenţie de presă / ştiri ~ agent - agent de presă ~ conference - conferinţă de presă pressure s. 1. presiune, constrângere 2. greutăţi, dificultăţi (financiare, economice) ~ of demand - presiune a cererii ~ of taxation - sarcină / povară a impozitelor presume v.t. a presupune, a prezuma presumption s. prezumpţie ~ of fact - (dr.) prezumpţie de fapt ~ of law - (dr.) prezumpţie legală presumptive adj. prezumptiv

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~ heir - (dr.) moştenitor prezumptiv ~ total loss - (asig.) pierdere totală prezumată previous adj. anterior, precedent, prealabil ~ agreement - acord prealabil ~ design / project - anteproiect ~ endorser - andosator precedent ~ holder - titular precedent (al unor titluri de valoare) ~ quotation - (bur.) cotare anterioară price s. 1. preţ, cost; valoare 2. (bur.) curs, cotaţie v.t. 1. a fixa preţul; a evalua, a estima 2. (out of) a cere un preţ exagerat pentru ~ advance - majorare a preţurilor ~ asked - preţ cerut ~ boom - explozie a preţurilor ~ ceiling - plafon al preţurilor ~ clause - clauza preţului ~ control - control al preţurilor ~ current - mercurial, listă de preţuri ~ cutting - reducere a preţurilor ~ determination - stabilire a preţurilor ~ discretion - fixare a preţurilor la discreţie (de către intermediar) ~ discrimination - preţuri diferenţiate ~ -earnings ratio - coeficient de capi- talizare bursieră (raportul dintre preţul unei societăţi la bursă şi beneficiile ei) ~ effect - efect al preţurilor ~ elasticity / sensitivity - elasticitate a preţurilor ~ elasticity of demand - elasticitate a preţului la cerere ~ elasticity of supply - elasticitate a preţului la ofertă ~ fîxing - fixare a preţurilor ~ floor - nivel minim al unui preţ (controlat)

~ fluctuation/movement/wave - fluc- tuaţie a preţurilor ~ freeze/freezing - îngheţare a preţu- rilor ~ index - indice al preţurilor ~ leader - lider de preţ (firma care, acţionând într-un anumit domeniu, are iniţiativa stabilirii preţurilor) ~ leadership - fîxare a preţului în funcţie de preţul director ~ legislation - legislaţia preţurilor ~ level - nivel al preţurilor ~ list - listă de preţuri, tarif ~ maker - cel care face preţul ~ mechanism - mecanism al preţurilor ~ of money - rată a scontului ~ -output policy - politică bazată pe raportul preţ-producţie ~ pattern/structure - structură a pre- ţurilor ~ quotation - (bur.) cotaţie ~ reduction - reducere a preţurilor ~ regulation - reglementare a preţu- rilor ~ ring - coaliţie a comercianţilor pentru fixarea unor preţuri (evitând astfel concurenţa) ~ sensitive - sensibil în termeni de preţ ~ shading - reducere mică/nesemni- ficativă a preţurilor ~ stability - stabilitate a preţurilor ~ stabilization - stabilizare a preţurilor ~ support - subvenţionare a preţurilor ~ tag / ticket - etichetă cu preţul ~ taker - cel care preia preţul ~ theory - teoria preţurilor ~ war - război al preţurilor ~ s afloat - (mar.) preţuri ale mărfurilor în expediţie priced adj. cu indicarea preţului, cu preţul marcat; tarifat, evaluat

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236 PRI pricing s. fixare / stabilire a preţului; evaluare ~ policy - politica preţurilor ~ procedure - metodă de determinare a preţurilor primage s. (mar.) 1. capă 2. supliment la navlu pentru folosirea mijloacelor bordului ~ and average accustomed - capă şi avarie conform uzanţelor (clauză de conosament) primary adj. 1. primar, iniţial 2. prin- cipal, fundamental ~ accumulation - acumulare primară / iniţială ~ advertising - publicitate primară (reclamă pentru un produs fară precizarea mârciî) ~ debtor - debitor principal ~ goods - mărfuri / produse de bază ~ industry - industria primară (care extrage şi adunâ resursele natnrale prin activitâţi cum ar fi mineritul, agricultura etc.) ~ issue - emisiune primară ~ liability - răspundere principală ~ markets - pieţe primare (pieţele pe care sunt tranzacţionate pentru prima oarâ titlurile de valoare nou emise) ~ product - produs de bază; materie primă ~ production - producţie primară / a materiilor prime ~ reserves - rezerve primare (rezerve bancare care asigură lichidităţi imediate, dar nu genereazâ veniturî) ~ resources - resurse de materii prime prime adj. 1. prim, întâi 2. de primă calitate, de calitate superioară, excelent ~ bill - cambie de clasa întâi ~ bond - obligaţiune de clasa întâi

~ condition - condiţie / stare perfectă ~ contractor - antreprenor general ~ cost - cost de producţie; preţ de fabrică ~ entry - declaraţie vamalâ prelimi- nară ~ goods - mărfuri de prima calitate ~ (lending) rate - {fin.) rata dobânzii de bază; rata la creditele în alb acordate debitorilor cei mai solvabili; taxa scontului la cambiile de clasa întâi ~ quality - calitate superioară ~ time - orâ de maximă audienţă (la radio şi televiziune, pentru publicitate) principal adj. principal ^. 1. patron; şef, responsabil 2. (dr.) mandant 3. (dr.) debitor principal 4. capital de bază; capital iniţial 5. ordonator (de plâţi} 6. sumâ a creditului (la care se calculează dobândd) 7. acţionar majoritar ~ and agent - mandant şi mandatar ~ and charges - totalitate a creanţei ~ and interest - capital şi dobânzi ~ offîce - centrală (a unei case de comerţ, a uneifîrme etc.) ~ sum - (,asig.) sumă principală / totalâ (care este plâtită în caz de moarte accidentală sau alte accidente majore) print s. 1. publicaţie tipărită; tipăritură, imprimat 2. tipar 3. ţesătură imprimată, imprimeu v.t. 1. a tipări, a imprima; a publica, a edita 2. a imprima (pânze- turi) v.i 1. a tipări; a publica, a edita 2. a se tipări, a fi sub tipar ~ works - fabrică de imprimeuri printable adj. care poate fi tipărit; bun de tipar printed adj. tipărit, imprimat ~ exchanges - buletin bursier (cuprin- zând cursurile zilnice)

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~ fabric / goods - imprimeuri, ţesătură imprimată ~ form - formular ~ matter / paper - impnmate ~ work - tipăritură printer s. 1. tipograf2. lucrător care se ocupă cu imprimarea ţesăturilor 3. imprimantă ~ 's error - greşeală de tipar ~ 's proof - şpalt ~ 's ream - top (cantiîate de hârtie) printing s. 1. tipar; tipărire 2. impri- mare (de pânzeturi) ~ firm/house/office/works - tipogra- fie, întreprindere poligrafică ~ industry - industria poligrafică ~ plant / works - imprimerie, fabrică de imprimat ţesături prior adj. anterior, precedent ~ charges - sarcini prioritare (plata prioritarâ a dividendelor la acţiunile preferenţiale) ~ claim - cerere de despăgubire cu drepturi prioritare; reclamaţie anteri- oară ~ deposits - depozite bancare preala- bile (cerute umii importator caformă a barierelor comerciale nontarifare) ~ preferred stock - (SUA) titluri de valoare preferenţiale (cu plata priori- tară a dividendelor) ~ use - utilizare anterioară (a uneî invenţii brevetate) priority s. prioritate; privilegiu ~ list - listă de priorităţi ~ of a creditor - privilegiu al unui creditor ~ of date - prioritate în ceea ce priveşte data ~ of invention - anterioritate a inven- ţiei

~ of mortgage - privilegiu ipotecar ~ rights - drepturi de prioritate ~ schedule - grafic de prioritate private adj. 1. privat, particular; personal 2. care nu deţine o funcţie publică; neoficial ~ account - cont particular ~ arrangement - concordat, acord cu creditorii ~ bill - proiect de lege parlamentar privitor la persoane sau s&cietăţi particulare ~ brand - marcă proprie/de comert (nume de marcă atribuit unui produs de către un intermediar, de obicei un detailist important) ~ investment - investiţie privată ~ law - drept privat ~ (limited) company - societate cu răspundere limitată ~ ownership - (regim de) proprietate particulară ~ person - persoană particulară, particular ~ placement - plasament privat ~ producer - producător particular ~ property - proprietate particulară ~ (rate of) discount - rată de scont neoficială ~ sale - vânzare particulară / pe bază de înţelegere ~ sector - sector privat (m economie) ~ treaty - contract de vânzare-cum- părare (intre două persoane fizice) privatization s. privatizare privatize v.t. a privatiza privilege s. 1. privilegiu 2. (bur.) tranzactie cu opţiune; drept de a efectua tranzacţii cu opţiune 3. autorizatie, patent 4. imunitate parlamentară v.t. 1.

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238 PRI-PRO a da / a acorda un privilegiu 2. a scuti, a elibera (de o sarcină etc.) ~ leave - concediu cu plată privileged adj. privilegiat ~ creditor - creditor privilegiat (ale cărui creanţe sunt rambursate prioritar în caz defaliment) ~ debt - datorie privilegiată (plătitâ integral, în caz de faliment, înaintea altor datoriî) privity s. relaţii juridice ~ in deed - obligaţie contractuală ~ in law - obligatie juridică ~ of contract - relaţii contractuale directe privy adj. particular, privat, (de uz) personal s. parte interesată, contractant prize s. 1. premiu 2. câştig (la loterie) 3. priză maritimă, captură; navâ de captură v.t. 1. a evalua, a estima 2. a captura, a lua ca priză ~ bond - obligaţiune cu câştiguri ~ bounty - primă de priză ~ court - tribunal de prize ~ money - primă de priză pro prep. pro, pentru ~ forma invoice - factură pro forma 1 de complezenţă ~ rata freight - (mar.) navlu p ro rata 1 proporţional ~ tempore - temporar, provizoriu procedure s. 1. procedeu, metodă 2. (dr.) procedură ~ in bankruptcy - procedură de faliment ~ of a court - procedură juridică ~ of customs - procedură vamală, fbrmalităti vamale proceeding s. 1. procedeu; modalitate de a proceda / a acţiona 2. tranzacţie 3.

pl. (dr.) procedură 4. pl. proces-verbal; dare de seamă to institute / to take legal ~s against smb. - a deschide / a intenta proces cuiva proceeds s. pl. sumă încasată (dintr-o vânzare, afacere)', beneficiu, profit process s. 1. proces (tehnologic); operaţie, procedeu 2. citaţie, somaţie; proces v.t. a prelucra, a supune unui procedeu tehnologic; a fabrica ~ chart - diagramă a procesului tehnologic ~ costing - (cont.) determinare a costului total al fluxului tehnologic (pentru realizarea unui produs) ~ engineer - inginer tehnolog ~ industry - industria prelucrătoare ~ line - linie tehnologică ~ of manufacture - proces de fabricaţie ~ properties - proprietăţi tehnologice ~ server - aprod processing s. prelucrare ~ department - departament pentm elaborarea proceselor tehnologice ~ float - (fin.) flotaţie de procesare (flotaţia cauzatâ de întârzierile din momentul când firma primeşte un cec pănă cănd îl depune la bancă) ~ industry - industria prelucrătoare ~ properties - proprietăţi tehnologice ~ stages - faze / etape de fabricaţie ~ tax - impozit asupra prelucrării industriale a produselor procuration s. 1. administrare / conducere (a afacerilor) prin procură 2. procură; împutemicire, mandat 3. procurare, achizitionare 4. negociere (a unei împutemicit)

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PRO 239

~ fee - comision plătit pentru obţine- rea/intennedierea unui împmmut ~ signature - semnătură prin procură procurator s. (dr.) procurist, împu- temicit, mandatar produce s. 1. produs; produse agricole 2. produs, rezultat v.î. 1. a produce, a fabrica 2. a cuitiva, a creşte 3. a pro- duce, a aduce (un câştig) 4. a prezenta (acte, documenîe) v.i. 1. a produce, a fabrica; a cultiva, a creşte 2. a produce, a fi productiv, a aduce câştig; a renta, a fi rentabil ~ advances/Ioans - credite pentm plata mărfiirilor achiziţionate ~ broker - agent de marfa (la bursa de mârfuri) ~ exchange - bursă de mărfuri ~ market - piaţă de produse producer s. producător, fabricant; fumizor; producător (de filme, spectacole, programe de radio şi televiziune) ~ price index - indicele preţurilor producătorilor ~ s' boards - comisii ale producăto- rilor/de marketing ~ (s) goods - mijloace de producţie; bunuri de investiţie producible adj. care poate fi produs / fabricat producing adj. producător, de producţie ~ capacity - capacitate de producţie ~ centre - centru de producţie product s. produs (arîificial sau natural); articol, fabricat ~ abandonment/elimination - aban- donare/eliminare a produsului (a pro- ducerii şi a comercializârii acestuîd)

~ acceptance marketing - marketing pe baza acceptării produsului (de către consumatori) ~ analysis pricing - stabilire a preţului pe baza analizei produsului ~ class - clasă de produse ~ costing - stabilire a costului de producţie al produsului ~ design - concepere/proiectare a produsului ~ development - dezvoltare a gamei sortimentale ~ differentiation - diferenţiere a pro- duselor ~ diversification - diversificare a pro- duselor ~ engineering - tehnologie de fabri- caţie a unui produs ~ item - unitate de produs ~ liability - răspundere pentru calitatea produsului (prevăzutâ de legislaţia pentru protecţia consumatoruluî) ~ life cycle - ciclu de viaţă al produ- sului ~ Une - linie de produse ~ management - managementul pro- dusului ~ market - piaţa produsului ~ mix / range - gamă sortimentală ~ placement test - testare a produsului prin plasare (temporarâ la un eventual cumpărâtor') ~ planning - planificare a sortimen- tului de produse ~ quality - calitate a produsului ~ research - sondare a cerinţelor şi a gusturilor consumatorilor privitor la un produs ~ strategy - strategie de produs ~ test - testare a produsului production s. producţie

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240 PRO ~ basis - bază de producţie ~ bonus - primă de producţie ~ budget - buget de producţie ~ capacity - capacitate de producţie ~ control - organizare şi conducere a producţiei ~ cost - cost de producţie ~ credit association - (SUA) asociaţia de credit cooperatist pentru producţie ~ department - secţie de producţie / exploatare ~ estimate - fişă tehnologică cu date de timp pentm procesul tehnologic ~ fotces - forte de producţie ~ goods - mijloace de producţie; bunuri de investiţie ~ line - linie de producţie ~ management - managementul pro- ducţiei ~ manager - director de producţie ~ - oriented company - companie orientată spre producţia realizabilâ (şi nu spre cea cerutâ) ~ plan / schedule - plan de producţie ~ rate - ritm de producţie ~ smoothing ~ nivelare a producţiei ~ time - timp necesar pentru execu- tarea operaţiilor de producţie ~ unit - unitate de producţie productive adj. 1. productiv; fertil, rodnic (despre sol) 1. rentabil, bănos ~ assets - active productive ~ capacity - capacitate de producţie ~ capital - capital productiv ~ debt - datorie (publică) productivă (împrumut investit de stat în active productive) ~ equipment - echipament de pro- ducţie ~ forces - forte de producţie ~ investment - investiţie productivă

~ potential - potenţial de producţie ~ rate - productivitate, randament ~ relations - relaţii de producţie ~ wages - salarii direct productive productivity s. productivitate; rentabi- litate ~ agreement - acord de productivitate (intre sindicat şi patronat, prin care măririle salariale sunt condiţionate' de creşterea productivităţiî) ~ bonus - primă de productivitate

deal - acord de mărire a productivităţii {în funcţie de care se acordă şi creşteri salariale) ~ of labour - productivitate a muncii profession s. profesie, meserie, ocupaţie professional adj. profesional; profesi-onist, de profesie / meserie s. expert, specialist, profesionist ~ corporation - (SUA) corporaţie profesională (care plâteşte impozite) ~ partnership - asociaţie profesională/ necomercială ~ practices - uzanţe ale profesiunii ~ risk - risc profesional ~ school - şcoalâ de meserii ~ valuation - (cont.) expertiză profe-sională professionalism s. activitate profesio-nalâ; profesionalism profîciency s. competenţă; experienţă proficient adj. competent, capabil; calificat profit s. 1. profit, beneficiu, câştig 2. venit net v.t. a fi profitabil pentru v.i. 1. (by) a profita, a beneficia (de) 2. a fi profitabil / avantajos ~ account - cont de beneficii ~ -and-loss account - (cont.) cont de profit şi pierderi

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PRO 241

~ balance - sold de beneficiu ~ centre - (man.) centru de profit, departament autonom (unitate în inte- riorul unei organizaţii care este responsabilâ de propriul sâu profit) ~ -earning capacity - rentabilitate ~ expectations - beneficii scontate ~ forecast - prognoză a profitului ~ margin - (com., cont.) marjă de profit ~ maximization - maximizare a profitului ~ mix - structură a producţiei (totalitatea tipurilor de produse realizate de o societate) ~ motive - motivaţie a obţinerii profitului ~ rate - rată a profitului ~ sharing - participare (a salariaţilor) la profit ~ squeeze - presiune exercitată asupra beneficiilor; stoarcere a profitului ~ taking - (bur.) obţinere de beneficii (prin vânzarea acţiunilor al căror curs a crescut) ~ tax - impozit pe profit to bring in ~ - a aduce un profit to leave a ~ - a permite / a rezulta un profit to share in the ~s - a participa la beneficii profitability v. profitableness profitable adj. profitabil, avantajos; rentabil profitableness s. caracter profitabil; rentabilitate profiteer s. profitor; speculant v.i. a specula, a face speculă profîtgraph s. grafic al pragului de rentabilitate

profitless adj. care nu aduce profit, nerentabil progress s. progres, dezvoltare v.i. a progresa, a se dezvolta ~ payment - plată progresivă progressive adj. 1. progresiv, treptat 2. progresist ~ assembly/manufacture - asamblare/ productie în flux continuu ~ consumer - consumator progresist (dispus sâ plăteascâ preţuri mai ridicate pentru produse mai bune) ~ tax - impozit progresiv ~ wages - salarii progresive prohibit v.t. a prohibi, a interzice prohibition s. prohibire, interzicere; (SUA) prohibiţie (a vânzării băuturilor alcoolice) to issue / to publish a ~ - a interzice printr-un decret prohibitive adj. prohibitiv ~ duty - taxă vamală prohibitivă ~ price - preţ prohibitiv / inaccesibil project s. 1. proiect, plan 2. şantier de construcţii; obiectiv (industrial) v.t. a proiecta ~ financing - finanţare a proiectelor de investiţii ~ management - managementul pro- iectului proletarian adj., s. proletar proletarianize v.t. a proletariza, a aduce la conditia de proletar proletariat s. proletariat promisee s. beneficiar, persoană care a primit un bilet la ordin; creditor promisor s. persoană care a emis un bilet la ordin; subscriitor, emitent; debitor promissory adj. care conţine o promisiune sau o obligaţie

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242 PRO ~ note - bilet la ordin promote v.t. 1. a promova, a sprijini {iniţiative, interese etc.) 2. a fonda (o societate) 3. a face reclamă (unui produs) 4. a avansa (înfuncţie) promoter ^. 1. promotor, iniţiator (al unui proiecf) 2. fondator, întemeietor (aî unei societâţi) ~ 's shares/stock - acţiuni de fondator promotion s. 1. promovare, sprijinire (de iniţiative, interese etc.) 2. fondare, înfiinţare (a unei societăţî) 3. avansare (în funcţie} 4. publicitate, reclamă (pentru un produs) ~ expenses - cheltuieli de constituire / înfiinţare (a unei societâţi) ~ man - intennediar ~ matter - material publicitar ~ strategy - strategie de promovare (a unui produs) promotional adj. promoţional, de promovare / reclamă ~ advertising - publicitate / reclamă pentru promovarea unui produs ~ budget - buget promoţional (pentru publicitatea unui produs) prompt adj. 1. prompt, imediat 2. în numerar, peşin (despre bani)', punctual (despre plată) s. scadenţă, termen de plată; contract cu scadenţă ~ cash against documents - numerar contra documente ~ date - scadenţă, termen de plată ~ day - zi de plată (a mărfurilor cumpârate prin licitaţie la bursa de mărfurî) ~ delivery - livrare / predare imediată ~ note - notă de avizare a scadenţei ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj disponibil

proof s. 1. (dr.) probă; titlu 2. încercare, probă; verificare, control 3. tărie normală (a alcoolului) ~ department - departament de control (unitatea centrală a unei bănci care verifîcă toate tranzacţiile efec- tuate) ~ ot debt / indebtedness - (dr.) titlu de creanţă ~ of delivery - dovadă de predare a mărfii ~ of origin - dovadă a originii (unui produs) ~ of ownership - titlu de proprietate ~ sheet - şpalt propensity s. înclinaţie (spre un anumit comportament economic) ~ to consume - înclinaţie spre consum ~ to import - înclinaţie spre import ~ to invest - înclinaţie spre investiţie (in mijloace de prodncţie a investi- torilor particularî} ~ to save - înclinaţie spre economie propertied adj. avut, bogat the ~ classes - clasele avute property s. proprietate (funciară, imobiliarâ)', bunuri, avere ~ company - societate care vinde, cumpără sau închiriază imobile, parcele ~ damage - pagubă materială ~ damage insurance - asigurare de răspundere civilă ~ insurance - asigurare de proprietate ~ register - registru de cadastru ~ tax - impozit pe proprietate proportional adj. proportional ~ taxation - impunere proportională proprietary adj. 1. de proprietate (des- pre drepturi, acte etc.); particular 2. patentat, brevetat (despre produse) 3.

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PRO 243

avut, bogat {despre clase) s. 1. proprietar 2. proprietate, avere ~ article/product - articol/produs pa- tentat ~ company - holding; societate care deţine teren minier; societate cu răspundere limitată (in Australia şi Africa de Sud) ~ insurance - asigurare efectuată de o societate comercială de asigurări (spre deosebire de o asigurare mutualâ) ~ rights - drepturi de proprietate proprietor 5'. proprietar, stăpân proprietorship s. drept de proprietate; proprietate, posesiune prosecute v.t. a da înjudecată, a urmări înjustiţie v.i. a intenta un proces prosecution s. 1. urmărire judiciară 2. acuzare (parte într-un proces) prosecutor s. reclamant prospect s. 1. (şi pl.) perspective, posibilităţi 2. cumpărător / client eventual 3. prospecţiune (geologică) v.t. a prospecta (un teren, o mina) prospective adj. 1. în perspectivă, de viitor 2. eventual, probabil ~ buyer - cumpărător eventual ~ damages - daune probabile ~ obligation - obligaţie viitoare prospector s. prospector prospectus s. prospect, broşură, pliant; catalog; listă de preţuri prosper v.i. a prospera, a propăşi prosperity s. prosperitate, bunăstare prosperous adj. prosper protection s. 1. protecţie 2. protec-tionism, sistem vamal protecţionist ~ tariff- tarifvamal protecţionist protectionism s. protecţionism, sistem vamal protecţionist

protectionist s. protecţionist, adept al protecţionismului protective adj. 1. protector, de pro- tectie 2. protecţionist ~ duty - taxă vamală protecţionistă ~ inventory - stoc de siguranţă ~ system - sistem vamal protecţionist ~ tariff - tarifvamal protecţionist protest s. 1. protest; obiecţie 2. protest (al cambieî) v.t. a protesta (o cambie) v.i. a protesta (împotrivd) ~ for non-acceptance - protest pentru neacceptare (a unei cambii) ~ for non-payment - protest pentru neplată (a iinei cambiî) protester s. creditor care protestează cambia protestor v. protester provide v.t. 1. a înzestra, a prevedea 2. (dr.) a stipula, a prevedea v.i. a se îngriji de acoperire (financiara} provident adj. prevâzător, precaut; econom ~ bank - casă de economii ~ fund - fond de asigurări sociale ~ scheme - sistem de prevederi sociale ~ society - asociaţie de întrajutorare (a muncitorilor) provider s. fumizor provision ^. 1. aprovizionare, fumizare 2. (cont.) provizion 3. rezervă (de capital) 4. pl. provizii, alimente 5. clauză, stipulaţie (contractuala) v.t. a aproviziona ~ dealer / merchant - băcan ~ industry - industria alimentară provisional adj. provizoriu ~ account - cont provizoriu ~ insurance - asigurare provizorie ~ invoice - factură provizorie ~ liquidator - lichidator provizoriu

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244 PRO-PUB ~ note - notă de asigurare provizorie proviso s. clauză condiţională (intr-un contracf) proximate adj. proxim ~ cause -'cauză proximă (a cererii de onorare a unei poliţe de asigurare) proximo adv. ale lunii viitoare on the 10111 ~ -pe 10 ale lunii viitoare proxy s. 1. împutemidre, mandat, procură; vot prin reprezentare {la adunarea acţionariîor) 2. împutemicit, mandatar, procurator ~ fight - lupta împutemicirilor (încercarea unei persoane sau a unui grup de a câştiga controlul asupra unei societâţi convingând acţionarii să voteze o nouă conducere) prudence^. (cont.) pmdenţă, prevedere (concept de bază conform câruia când două valori simt posibile trebuie să se reţinâ cea mai scâzutâ) psychographics s. psihografie public adj. public; de stat, al statului s. public ~ accountant - contabil public / autorizat ~ bill - proiect de lege de interes public ~ contract - contract de stat ~ corporation - corporaţie publică / de stat; regie autonomă ~ credit - credit public / acordat de stat ~ debt / funds - datorie publică / de stat ~ department - serviciu public ~ disclosure - divulgare a unei invenţii (înaintea înregistrării cererii de brevet) ~ domain - domeniu public ~ expenditure - cheltuieli publice ~ finance - finanţe publice ~ health - sănătate publică ~ holiday - sărbătoare legală

~ issue - emisiune publică de acţiuni ~ law - drept public ~ lending right - drepturi pentru împmmutul public (de cârţi, plătite autorilor) ~ liability insurance - asigurare de răspundere civilă ~ limited company - societate pe acţiuni ~ loan - împrumut de stat ~ monopoly - monopol de stat ~ offer - ofertă publică ~ offîce - instituţie de stat; funcţie publică ~ official - funcţionar de stat ~ opinion - opinie publică ~ ownership / property - proprietate publică / de stat ~ procurement - comandă guvema- mentală/de stat ~ records - arhivele statului ~ relations - relaţii publice ~ revenue - venit public ~ sale - vânzare publică, licitaţie ~ sector - sector public / de stat ~ servant - funcţionar public ~ service - serviciu de stat / public; servicii comunale ~ stores - antrepozite vamale ~ subscriber - abonat ~ subsidy - subvenţie de stat ~ trading - comert de stat ~ trustee - administrator public / din oficiu ~ utilities - societate de servicii publice; actiuni ale societăţilor de servicii publice ~ utility company - societate de servicii publice ~ welfare - bunăstare naţională ~ works - lucrări publice

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PUB-PUT 245

publicist s. 1. publicist, ziarist 2. agent de publicitate publicity s. publicitate, reclamă ~ agency - agentie de publicitate . ~ agent - agent de publicitate ~ campaign - campanie de publicitate ~ department - departament / serviciu de publicitate ~ manager - şef al serviciului de publicitate ~ material - material publicitar ~ stunt - reclamâ ingenioasă, tmc publicitar publicize v.t. 1. a face reclamă pentru 2. a da publicitâţii v.i. a face reclamă publish v.t. a publica, a edita publisher s. 1. editor 2. (SUA) director sau proprietar de ziar publishing s. activitate editorială; publicare, editare ~ agreement - contract de editare ~ house - editură ~ industry - industria editorială purchasable ad.j. achiziţionabil, de vânzare purchase s. 1. cumpărare, achiziţie; cumpărătură, lucm cumpărat 2. venit anual (pbţinut din exploatarea unui teren) v.t. a cumpăra, a achiziţiona ~ deed - act / contract de cumpărare ~ for cash - cumpărare cu plata în numerar ~ invoice - factură de cumpărare ~ money / price - preţ de cumpărare ~ on commission - cumpărare în comision ~ on credit - cumpărare pe credit ~ order - ofertă de cumpărare (facutâ fumiwrului, angrosistului) ~ s account - (cont.) cont de achiziţii ~ s book/journal - registru de achiziţii

~ tax - taxă de cumpărare (pentru unele articole neesenţiale) ~ trial - probă la cumpărare ~ value - valoare de cumpărare purchaser s. cumpărător, achizitor; client purchasing s. cumpărare, achiziţionare ~ agent - agent de cumpărare (care achiziţionează mărfuri pentru patronul sâu) ~ party — cumpărător; parte adjude-catară (la licitaţiî) ~ power - putere de cumpărare ~ power bond - obligaţiune cu valoarea nominală (eventual şi cu • dobândd} indexată în funcţie de inflaţie ~ power parity - paritatea puterii de cumpărare ~ power risk - riscul puterii de cumpărare pure adj. pur ~ competition - competiţie pură/ perfectă ~ economics - economie teoretică ~ interest - dobândă netă purvey v.t. a fumiza, a aproviziona cu (alimente) to ~ for smb. - a fi fumizorul cuiva purveyance s. 1. fumizare, aprovizio-nare 2. provizii, rezerve purveyor s. fumizor push s. sprijin, susţinere v.t. 1. a ex-tinde, a lărgi (comerţul) 2. a face reclamă pentru; a difuza, a răspândi 3. (forward) a accelera, a stimula (o activitate) 4. (off) a arunca, a scăpa (de o marja) 5. (up) a mâri (preţurî) ~ - and-pull-strategy - strategie altemativă / de înaintări şi retrageri put s. (bur.) opţiune de vânzare, put v.t. 1. a pune 2. (aside, away, by) a

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246

strânge, a economisi (bani) 3. (at) a evalua la 4. (down) a plăti în numerar; a micşora (preţurile); a nota, a însemna 5. (forward) a prezenta (wi /?Za» etc.) 6. (ira) a introduce (o clauză) 7. (off) a amâna (platd) 8. (out) a investi (bani) 9. (up) a ridica (preţurile); a vinde la licitaţie; a avansa {banî}, a investi; a fabrica, a produce ~ -and-call option - opţiune dublă, stelaj (care dă drept deopotrivâ de cumpărare şi vânzare) ~ -of-more option - opţiune care îi dâ drept vânzătorului să vândă un pachet dublu de acţiuni (faţâ de cel convenif) ~ option -optiune de vânzare pyramid s. piramidă v.t. a mări (pre-ţuri, salarii etc.) piramidal/gradual v.i. PUT-PYR

(bur.) a-şi extinde operatiile printr-o serie de tranzacţii bazate pe diferenţa de curs (utiliwndu-se profitul din twnzacţiile în derulare ca marjâ pentru viitoarele operaţii)

debt - datorie piramidală (contractarea de datorii succesive pentru rambursarea datoriilor anteriore) pyramiding s. controlarea unui număr mare defiliale cu un capitol total mare de către un holding cu un capital relativ micprin comparaţie ~ selling - vânzări în sistem piramidal

structure - (man.) stmctură piramidală/ierarhică

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Q qualification s. 1. calificare, compe- tenţă 2. calitate, proprietate caracte- ristică 3. restricţie, rezervă, corectiv ~ shares - acţiuni statutare (număr obligatoriu de acţiuni pe care o per- soană trebuie sâ le deţină pentru a candida ca membru în consiliul de administraţie al societăţii respective) ~ test - probă de recepţie qualified adj. 1. calificat, competent 2. condiţionat, cu rezerve ~ acceptance - acceptare specială / cu rezerve (a unei cambii) ~ accountant - expert contabil ~ audit report - raport de audit cu rezerve ~ bill of lading - conosament cu menţiuni ~ endorsement - andosare restrictivă / cu rezerve ~ expert - expert autorizat ~ personnel - personal calificat ~ title - titlu de proprietate restrâns ~ vote - vot cu majoritatea cerută (de două treimi) qualify v.t. (for) 1. a califica, a pregăti (pentru) 2. a autoriza (să) v.i. (for, as) a se califica, a se pregăti (pentru, ca); a dobândi calificare (pentru) qualitative adj. calitativ ~ analysis / research - analiză / cercetare calitativă (studiu depiaţă) ~ restrictions - restricţii calitative quality s. calitate ~ assurance - asigurarea calităţii ~ control - control de calitate

~ grade - clasă de calitate ~ guarantee - garanţie de calitate ~ management - managementul calităţii ~ manager - director pentru probleme de calitate ~ of bills of exchange - categorie / clasă a cambiilor ~ production - producţie de calitate superioară ~ requirements - condiţii de calitate ~ specifîcations - prescripţii de calitate; condiţii tehnice de calitate ~ survey - analiză a calităţii ~ test - probă / control de calitate quantitative adj. cantitative ~ research - cercetare cantitativă (studiu depiaţa) ~ restrictions - restricţii cantitative quantity s. cantitate ~ available / on hand - cantitate disponibilă ~ discount / rebate - rabat în fiincţie de cantitate ~ index - indice al cantităţii ~ production - producţie de masă / în serie; producţie în flux / pe bandă ~ surveyor - controlor / verificator al cantităţii, normator (in construcţii) quantum s. cuantum, volum, total quarry s. carieră (de piatrâ) v.t. a exploata o carieră ~ face - front de exploatare într-o carieră ~ stone - piatră de carieră / constmcţii quarrying s. exploatare de carieră

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248 QUA-QUO quart s. sfert de galon (unitate de măsurâpentru capacitate) quarter 5'. 1. sfert 2. trimestru 3. pl. cartier, locuinţe (mai ales pentru militari) 4. sfert (de vită tăiatâ), ciosvârtă 5. sfert de dolar (american sau canadian; monedă de 25 de cenţî) 6. sfert (unitate de măsură pentru greutate, capacitate şi lungime) ~ day - zi de plată trimestrială ~ of year - trimestru quarterage s. plată trimestrialâ quartering s. 1. împărtire m patru 2. încartiruire, cantonare, staţionare quarterly adj. 1. dintr-un / de un sfert 2. trimestrial ^. publicaţie trimestrială adv. trimestrial quartern s. sfert (depintâ, uncie etc.) quash v.t. (dr.) a anula, a casa (o sentinţă) quasi- adj. cvasi-~ -contract - cvasicontract ~ -money - cvasibani ~ -monopoly - cvasimonopol ~ -partner - asociat cu numele quay s. chei; debarcader ~ apron - (SUA) zonă operativă / de margine a cheiului (până la magaziî) ~ berth - danâ de acostare ~ dues - taxă de chei, cheiaj ~ rate - tarif redus de cheiaj ~ "side worker - docher (pe chei) ~ terms - condiţii de operare la chei ~ warehouse - depozit pe chei quayage s. 1. taxă de chei, cheiaj 2. front al cheiurilor quayman s. muncitor portuar (pe chei) queue s. coadă, rând v.i. {şi ~ up) a sta la coadă, a forma o coadă to stand in a ~ - a sta la coadă quick adj. 1. rapid 2. (fin.) lichid

~ asset ratio - (fin.) rata testului acid (raportul active lichide - pasive curente folosit pentru determinarea solvabilităţu uneifirme) ~ assets - active convertibile în numerar; lichidităţi ~ liabilities - pasiv pe termen scurt ~ - pay mortgage - ipotecă cu termen scurt de rambursare ~ returns - profit rapid ~ sale - vânzare rapidă / uşoară quiet adj. calm, liniştit ~ market - bursă calmă (cu interes scăzutpentru tranzacţiî) quintal s. chintal quire s. 1. top (cantitate de hârtie) 1. coalâ de tipar (falţuitâ) quit adj. eliberat (de obligaţii, datorii etc.) v.t. a abandona, a ceda (im drept) v.i. a demisiona quitclaim (dr.) s. act de renunţare formală la un drept v.t. a renunţa la (un drept) quitrent s. rentâ plătită de proprietarii funciari (pentru scutirea de alte obligaţiî) quittance s. 1. chitanţă 2. achitare, stingere (a unei datoriî) quorum ^. cvorum, număr necesar de membri to form a ~ - a constitui un cvorum, a fi legal constituit to have a ~ - a fi în număr statutar quota s. 1. cotă, cotă-parte; dividend 2. contingent (de mârfuri); taxă de contingentare 3. normă ~ restrictions - restricţii de contingen- tare ~ sample - eşantion reprezentativ ~ sampling - eşantionare prin cote

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QUO 249 ~ subscription - subscriere a unei cote-părti ~ system - contingentare (la export sau import) quotable adj. cotabil (la bursâ) quotation s. (bur.) cotare, cotatie, curs ~ board - panou de cotaţii (la bursă) ~ for freight - cotare pentm navlu ~ for goods - preţ cotat pentru mărfuri

~ of prices - cotare a preţurilor, curs, preţuri ~ of the day - curs al zilei quote v.t. a fixa, stabili (un preţ)\ a cota (la bursa) ~ sheet - listă a cursurilor, cotă a bursei quoteworthy v. quotable

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R rack v.t. a impune, a percepe (chirie sau arendă excesivâ) ~ - rent - arendâ sau chirie excesivă; valoare bmtă {a chiriei sau a arendei plătită anual pentru o proprietate) ~ - renter - proprietar care percepe o chirie excesivă; chiriaş care plăteşte o chirie excesivă raid s. (bur.) speculaţie pentm coborârea cursului prin vânzări masive de actiuni v.i. (bur.) a face să scadă cursul prin vânzări masive de acţiuni to ~ into the market - a provoca panică pe piaţă raider s. (bur.) persoană fizică sau juridică care încearcă să obţină contro- lul asupra unei societăţi (prin cumpârare masivă şi bruscâ de actiunî) rail s. 1. cale ferată; transport feroviar 2. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor feroviare v.t. a transporta pe calea ferată ~ carriage / transport - transport pe calea ferată ~ port - (mar.) sabord pentru vagoane; port de operatii directe din vagoane (fâră depozitarea mărfii în port) ~ shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor feroviare railage s. 1. transport pe calea ferată 2. plată pentru transportul feroviar railhead ^. cap de linie; staţie terminus railman s. muncitor feroviar railroad (SUA) s. 1. cale ferată; transport feroviar 2. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor feroviare v.t. 1. a transporta pe calea ferată 2. a construi o cale

ferată într-o regiune v.i. 1. a călători cu trenul 2. a lucra la căile ferate ~ bill of lading - scrisoare de trăsură ~ demurrage - locaţie de vagoane

freight rates - tarif pentru transportul pe calea ferată ~ system - reţea feroviară railroader s. (SUA) feroviar, lucrător la căile ferate railway s. cale ferată adj. feroviar v.i. 1. a călători cu trenul 2. a constmi o cale ferată ~ advice - aviz de sosire (a mărfii} pe calea ferată ~ bill of lading - scrisoare de trăsură ~ bond - obligaţiune feroviară ~ brotherhood - (SUA) sindicat al feroviarilor ~ car / coach - vagon de călători ~ carriage - vagon de cale ferată transport feroviar ~ charges - cheltuieli / taxe feroviare ~ company - companie de căi ferate ~ concession - concesiune a unei căi ferate ~ ferry - feribot

freight rates - tarif pentru transportul pe calea ferată ~ gauge - ecartament de cale ferată ~ network/system - reţea feroviară ~ operating - exploatare a căilor ferate ~ pool - trust feroviar ~ rates/tariff - tarif feroviar

shares - acţiuni ale societăţilor feroviare ~ siding - linie ferată uzinală

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RAI-RAT 251

~ station - gară; staţie ~ terminal - cap de linie, gară terminus ~ traffîc - trafic feroviar ~ transport - transport feroviar ~ truck - vagon de marfa ~ vehicles - material rulant ~ waggon - vagon descoperit de. mărfuri ~ works - uzină feroviară ~ yard - gară / staţie de triaj railwayman v. railman raise s. mărire, sporire (de preţuri, salarii etc.) v.t. 1. a mări, a spori (preţuri, salarii, etc.) 2. a colecta, a aduna (taxe, impozite) 3. a lansa (un împrumut); a procura, a obţine (capital, fondurî) 4. a creşte (animale domestice); a cultiva (legume, cereale) 5. a promova, a avansa (in grad, funcţie) rally s. înviorare, revenire (a aface- rilor); restabilire (a cursului acţiunilor etc.) v.i. a se înviora, a reveni (despre afacen); a se restabili (despre cursul acţiunilor) ranch (SUA) s. ranch, fermă, crescătorie de vite v.i. 1. a avea un ranch 2. a se ocupa de creşterea vitelor rancher (SUA) s. 1. proprietar al unui ranch; fermier 2. lucrător într-un ranch random adj. aleatoriu ~ sampling - eşantionare prin sondaj range s. 1. linie / gamă de produse 2. fluctuaţie ransom s. răscumpărare; preţ de răs- cumpărare v..t. 1. a răscumpăra 2. a scoate de la amanet ratability s. posibilitate de evaluare / estimare

rat(e)able adj. 1. evaluabil, estimabi! 2. impozabil 3. proportional ~ contribution - contribuţie proporti- onală ~ ton - tonă impozabilă ~ value - valoare (locativă) impo- zabilă; evaluare cadastrală ratal s. cuantum al impozitelor locale rate s. 1. preţ, tarif; curs 2. evaluare; calcul 3. rată (a plusvalorii etc.) 4. (pl.) taxe locale/municipale; impozit pe proprietate 5. coeficient, rată, procent 6. normă 7. rang, clasă (a navelor) v.t. 1. a evalua, a estima; a cota; a stabili tariful 2. a impune 3. a clasifica (nave) ~ collector - perceptor de taxe comunale ~ of consumption - normă de consum ~ of discharge - normă de descărcare ~ of discount - taxă de scont ~ of exchange - curs schimb ~ of interest - rata dobânzii ~ of loading - normă de încărcare ~ of production - normă de producţie productivitate ~ of return - rata rentabilităţii (rata internâ a rentabilitâţii unei investiţiî) ~ of surplus value - rata plusvalorii ~ of taxation - rată/cotă de impozitare ~ of technical substitution - rata substituţiei tehnice {mărirea producţiei prin fabricarea unui articol în locul altuia) ~ of transport - normă de transport ~ of turnover - ritm de circulaţie a mărfurilor; dever ~ of work - normă de lucru ~s and taxes - taxe şi impozite ~s rebate / relief - reducere a taxelor locale / municipale ~s schedule - sistem tarifar

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252 RAT-REA ~ war - război tarifar rated adj. 1. evaluat, estimat, calculat 2. nominal, normal, proiectat (despre un utilaj etc.) ~ capacity - capacitate nominală ~ load - sarcină nominală ~ output - producţie nominală; randa- ment nominal ~ value - valoare nominală ratepayer s. contribuabil ratepaying s. plată a impozitelor sau a taxelor rater s. 1. evaluator, preţuitor 2. taxator, funcţionar care stabileşte tarifele ratification s. ratificare ratify v.t. a ratifica (un acord etc.) rating s. 1. (asig., fin.) evaluare, estimare; rating (fonnularea unei calificări pe măsura posibilului risc de nerambursare - parţială sau totalâ - asumat de investitorul care a realizaî plasamente în titluri financiare) 2. impunere, taxare; tarifare; taxe co- munale 3. clasificare, clasare; categorie 4. randament, productivitate ~ system - regim tarifar ratio s. raport, rată, proportie; coeficient, indice ~ analysis - analiza proportiilor (pentru detenninarea performanţelor unui agent economic) ration s. 1. raţie 2. pl. provizii, alimente v.t. 1. a aproviziona cu alimente 2. a raţionaliza ~ book / card - cartelă (de alimente sau alte produse uzuale} ~ money - compensatie bănească (sumâ de bani dată în locul unei raţii) rational adj. raţional

~ expectations - aşteptări raţionale (explicarea comportamentului econo-mic al indivizilor sau al companiilor în funcţie de opţiunea pentru una dintre previziunile realizate) rationalization s. 1. raţionalizare, aplicare a metodelor de management ştiinţific 2. raţionalizare (a alimentelor, a materiilor prime etc.) rationalize v.t. a raţionaliza raw adj. brut, neprelucrat s. materie primă ~ goods - semifabricate ~ material - materie primă ~ product - produs brut / nefinisat rayon 5'. mătase artificială, viscoză reach s. accesibilitate (numârul de indivizi care recepţionează mesajul unei campanii publicitare) ready adj. gata ~ berth clause - (mar.) clauza danei pregătite ~ capital - capital circulant ~ cash / money - bani lichizi / gheaţă, numerar ~ made/-to-wear - de gata, gata con-fecţionat ~ - made / - to-wear clothes -confecţii ~ market - piaţă profitabilă (imde mărfurile se vând rapid şi cu profit bun} ~ sale - vânzare rapidă / uşoară ~ -to-cook foods - semipreparate culinare ~ -to-eat / - to-serve Joods - (SUA) preparate culinare real adj. 1. real 2. (dr.) real, imobiliar, patrimonial 3. veritabil, autentic; natural, nefalsificat ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi reale

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REA-REC 253 ~ agreement - contract de îhchiriere sau arendare pe termen lung ~ aggregate demand - cerere globală reală ~ assets - active reale ~ capital - capital real ~ cost - cost real ~ estate / property - proprietate imobiliară ~ estate agent / broker / operator - agent imobiliar ~ estate investment trust - fond de plasament în valori imobiliare ~ estate loan - împrumut ipotecar ~ estate market - piaţă imobiliară ~ estate register ~ cadastru ~ estate tax - impozit imobiliar ~ exchange rate ~ curs de schimb real ~ income - venit real ~ money - bani efectivi, monedă efectivă ~ rate of interest - rata reală a dobânzii ~ tare - tară reală ~ value - valoare reală / efectivă ~ wages - salariu real realignment s. (fin.) realiniere (a cursurilor de schimb) realizable adj. 1. realizabil 2. conver- tibil în numerar (despre active, titluri de valoare) 3. vandabil ~ assets - active convertibile în numerar; lichidităţi ~ goods - mărfuri vandabile realization s. realizare (a unui plan, contracf) 1. obţinere (a unui preţ) 3. convertire în numerar (a activelor, a titlurilor de valoare) 4. vânzare {a mărfurilor) realize v.t. 1. a realiza (un plan, un contract etc.) 2. a converti în bani

(active, titluri de valoare) 3. a realiza, a obţine, a scoate (un profit) realtor s. (SUA) agent imobiliar realty s. proprietate imobiliară ream s. top (canîitate de hârîie) reappraisal s. reevaluare reappraise v.t. ă reevalua reassess v.t. 1. a reimpune, a reimpo- zita 2. a reevalua reassessment s. 1. reimpunere, reimpo- zitare 2. reevaluare reassurance v. reinsurance reassure v. reinsure rebate s. rabat, reducere v.t. a reduce recapitalization s. recapitalizare recapitalize v.t. a recapitaliza recaption s. (dr.) reintrare în posesie (prin bună înţelegere) recede v.i. a se deprecia receipt s. 1. primire 2. chitanţă, recipisă 3. pl. încasări, venituri v.t. (SUA) a da chitanţă pentru, a iscăli de primire pentru ~ book - chitanţier ~ for goods - recipisă de primire a mărfii ~ for payment - chitanţă de plată ~ in duplicate - chitanţă în dublu exemplar ~ in full discharge - chitanţă de sold / lichidare ~ on account - primire în cont ~ stamp - timbru de chitanţă ~s and expenses / expendţture - încasări şi cheltuieli ~s and payments - încasări şi plâţi ~s tax - impozit pe încasări / cifra de afaceri ~ to issue / to make out a ~ - a elibera o chitanţă / recipisă

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254 REC receivable adj. de încasat s.pl. sume de încasat receive v.t. 1. a primi; a încasa (banî) 2. a accepta, a admite received ari/. 1. primit; achitat; încasat 2. acceptat, admis ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament de primire (mârfuri recepţionate, însă neîncărcate) ~ stamp - ştampilă „primit" ~ tare - tară admisă (pentru calcularea tarei întregii partide de mărfuri) receiver s. 1. primitor, persoană care primeşte / recepţionează; destinatar 2. (dr.^ tăinuitor (de lucruri furate} 3. (com.) consignatar 4. (dr.) administratorjudiciar, judecător sindic; lichidator ~ in bankruptcy - administrator judiciar; lichidator (intr-un faliment) receivership s. (dr.) 1. calitatea de administrator judiciar/judecător sindic 2. regim de administrare judiciară (instituitâ când o firmă nu-şi mai poate îndeplini obligaţiile financiare) receiving adj. de primire s. 1. primire; receptie; încasare 2. acceptare, admitere ~ clerk - agent de primire ~ house / office - birou de mesagerie ~ note - (mar.) ordin de imbarco ~ order - ordonanţă de punere sub sechestm (in caz de faliment) reception s. primire, recepţie; recepţionare (de mărfurt) ~ clerk - recepţioner ~ desk - birou de recepţie; dispecerat (la hoîel) receptionist s. recepţioner, funcţionar la recepţie

recession s. recesiune, cnză (economica} recessional adj. referitor la recesiune / criză recharter v.t. (mar.) a renavlosi; a subnavlosi rechartering s. (mar.) renavlosire; subnavlosire recipience s. primire, receptie, recepţionare recipient s. primitor, destinatar; beneficiar (al unui cec etc.) reciprocal adj. reciproc; mutual ~ duty - taxă vamală reciprocă ~ shareholding - deţinere reciprocă de acţiuni (de câtre două sau mai mulîe societăţî) ~ trade agreement - acord comercial pe bază de reciprocitate (cu reducerea taxelor vamale) reciprocity s. reciprocitate; acord mutual (incheiat între două sau mai multe state, care prevede facilităţi de naturâ comercială) reckon v.t. 1. (şi ~ up) a calcula, a socoti 2. a evalua reckoner s. 1. tabel de calcul 2. contor reckoning s. 1. calcul, socoteală 2. notă de plată reclaim v.t. a ameliora {un teren) v.i. 1. a face îmbunătăţiri funciare 2. (dr.) a face apel ~ days - termen de apel reclaimant .s'. (rfr.)-reclamant reclamation s. 1. reclamaţie 2. îmbu- nătăţiri funciare 3. {dr.) amendament recommended adj. recomandat ~ retail price - preţ cu amănuntul recomandat (de producâtor)

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REC-RED 255 reconcile v.t. a armoniza (diferitele. tipuri de^ registre contabile ale unei societâţî) reconversion s. reconversie (adaptarea unor industrii sau a unor sectoare industriale la necesitâţi noî) reconvey v.t. (dr.) a retroceda (vechiului proprietar) record s. 1. registru; dosar; pl. arhive 2. act oficial, document 3. raport; proces-verbal 4. înregistrare, consem- nare 5. record 6. (dr.) stăpânire de drept v.t. a înregistra, a consemna ~ office - grefa; registratură ~ of service - stat de serviciu ~ output - producţie-record to be on ~ - a fi înregistrat/consemnat to to enter on the ~ - a trece în raport / procesul-verbal recorder s. 1. arhivar; grefier; ftmctionar la serviciul de registraturâ 2. aparat de înregistrare recoup v.t. 1. a despăgubi; a compensa 2. a defalca recoupment .'?. despăgubire, compen- saţie recourse s. 1. resursă; recurgere, apelare 2. regres, recurs (practicat în cazurile de protest al cambiilor) recover v.t. 1. a recupera (pierderî); a încasa (creanţe); a primi ca despă- gubire 2. a exploata (zâcăminte) recoverable adj. recuperabil (despre o datorie) ~ unforeseen expenditures - cheltuieli neprevăzute recuperabile recoverableness s. posibilitate de recuperare (a unei datoriî) recovery s. 1. recuperare (a pierde- rilor); încasare (a creanţelor) 1. despă- gubire, compensaţie 3. redresare, refa-

cere (economică) 4. recuperare, revalo- rifîcare; valorificare a deşeurilor ~ charges - cheltuieli de recuperare / încasare ~ cycle - ciclu de recuperare economică ~ in kind - despăgubire m natură ~ of business - redresare a afacerilor ~ of damages - recuperare a daunelor, daune-interese ~ of prices - redresare / urcare a cursului; urcare a preţurilor ~ of the market - redresare / înviorare a pieţei ~ plant - instalaţie de recuperare ~ share - acţiune subevaluată (dar cu posibilităţi de redresare) recruit v.t. 1. a recruta (personal) 2. (mar.) a aproviziona recruitment s. recrutare (de personal) rectify v.t. a rectifica (bugetul etc.) recuperate v.i. a se redresa (financiar) recurrent adj. recurent, periodic ~ costs - costuri recurente recycle v.t. a recicla (deşeuri) red adj. 1. roşu 2. debitor; deficitar s. debit; deficit ~ clause - clauza roşie (prin care vânzătorul aflat în deficit poate obţine un avans bancar) ~ country - ţară debitoare ~ ensign - pavilionul flotei comerciale engleze ~ goods - (SUA) produse de culoare roşie (bunuri de consum, precum cele alimentare, consumate şi înlocuite imediat) ~ tape / tapery / tapism - birocraţie ~ tapist - birocrat; funcţionar to be in the ~ - a fi în deficit; a fi debitor

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RED-REF 256

to come out of the ~ - a se solda cu un beneficiu redeem v.t. 1. a recupera; a răscum- păra, a scoate din gaj sau amanet 2. a amortiza 3. a restitui, a reda redeemability s. rambursabilitate redeemable adj. 1. rambursabil 2. amortizabil redeemer s. răscumpârător redeliver v.t. 1. a livra din nou 2. a restitui redemption s. 1. recuperare; răscum- părare, scoatere din gaj sau amanet 2. amortizare; achitare, plată^ stingere (a unei ipotecî) ~ fund - fond de amortizare ~ loan - împmmut pentru amortizare ~ premium - primă de râscumpărare ~ price - preţ de râscumpărare ~ quota - cotă de amortizare ~ table - plan de amortizare ~ value - valoare de rambursare / amortizare ~ yield - randament până la maturitate (rata dobânzii obţinute la o obligaţiune dacă aceasta este păstrată pânâ la maturitate) redhibition s. (dr.) redhibiţiune redhibitory adj. redhibitoriu rediscount s. 1. reescontare 2. pl. efecte de comert reescontate v.t. a reesconta ~ rate - taxă de reescontare redistribute v.t. a redistribui (yenituri eîc.) redraft s. contracambie reduce v.t. 1. a reduce, a micşora, a scădea 2. a converti, a face schimb de (yalută) to ~ money - a face schimb de valută

reduced adj. 1. redus, micşorat, scăzut 2. convertit, schimbat {despre valutâ) ~ goods - solduri reducible adj. reductibil, care se poate reduce ~ waste - deşeuri prelucrabile (pentru refolosire) reduction s. 1. reducere, micşorare, scâdere 2. (cow.) rabat, bonificaţie, remiză ~ factor - coeficient de reducere ~ m / of the price - reducere a preţului ~ in turnover - scădere a cifrei de afaceri reenter v.t. (cont.) a reînscrie (un articol într-un cont) reentry s. (dr.) repunere în posesie / drepturi reexport s. 1. reexport; reexportare 2. pl. mărfuri de reexport v.t. a reex- porta ~ trade - comerţ intermediar / de reexport reexportation s. reexport; reexportare reexporter s. reexportator refer v.t. (to) a trimite la, a îndmma câtre/spre ~ to the drawer - adresaţi-vă emiten- tului (formulă pe un cec) referee s. 1. (dr.) arbitm 2. (man.) persoană care dă referinţe ~ in case of need - avalist refîgure v.t. a recalcula refinance v.t. a refinanţa refinancîng s. refmanţare ~ credit - credit de refinanţare refinev.r. arafina refined adj. rafinat ~ product carrier - petrolier pentru „produse albe" refinement s. rafinare

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REF-REG 257 refînery s. rafinărie ~ port - port cu rafinarie refît s. 1. reparatie, revizie 2. (mar.) reechipare, rearmare, reutilare v.t. 1. a repara; a repune în funcţiune 2. (mar.) a reechipa, a rearma, a reutila reflate v./. (/w.) a produce reflaţie reflation ^. (fîn.) reflaţie refloat v.t. 1. (mar.) a ranflua 2. a emite din nou (un împrumut) 3. a repune în activitate (o întreprindere etc.) refloating s. 1. (mar.) ranfluare 2. nouă emitere (a unui împrnmut) 3. repunere în activitate (a unei întreprinderi) reform s. reformă {economica) v.t. a refonna reforward v.t. a reexpedia refrigerant adj. refrigerent s. refrigerent, agent frigorific ~ fluid - agent frigorific lichid ~ mixture - amestec refrigerent refrigerate v.t. a refrigera, a congela refrigerated adj. refrigerat, congelat; frigorific ~ barge - şlep frigorifîc ~ cargo carrier/ship/vessel - navă fngorifîcă ~ container - container frigorific ~ fish carrier - navă frigorifică de peşte ~ room - compartiment frigorific ~ shipping - transport de mărfuri refrigerate; flotă de nave frigorifîce ~ truck - camion frigorific ~ waggon - vagon frigorific refrigerating adj. frigorific s. refrige- rare, congelare ~ capacity - capacitate de refrigerare (a instalaţiei) ~ chamber - cameră frigorifică

~ industry - industria frigului ~ machine - frigorifer ~ mixture - amestec refrigerent ~ plant - instalaţie frigorifîcă ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor frigorifice ~ trawler - trauler frigorific refrigeration s. 1. refrigerare, conge- lare 2. frigotehnică ~ ton - tonă de refrigerare refuel v.i. a se (re)alimenta cu combustibil; (mar.) a bunchera refuge s. refugiu ~ dues - taxe de staţionare în portul de refugiu ~ harbour / port - port de refugiu refugee s. refugiat ~ capital - capital refugiat (atras din străinâtate de dobânzi ridicate sau de un climat politic sigur) refund s. 1. rambursare; plată/despă- gubire pentru cheltuieli v.t. a rambursa; a despăgubi pentru cheltuieli regain s. recuperare; reintrare în posesie v.t. a recâştiga, a recupera to ~ possession of - a reintra în posesia register s. 1. registru, catalog; borde-rou, listă 2. registru naval / maritim 3. (mar.) caric, încărcătură 4. contor, aparat de înregistrare v.t. 1. a înregistra, a trece în registru; a înmatricula (o societate, un automobil, o navă etc.) 2. a înzestra (nava) cu acte de identitate 3. a înregistra, a marca (despre contor) ~ book - carte de registru (cu date despre clasificarea navelor) ~ card - fişă de evidenţă ~ of companies - registru de comert ~ of members - registru al acţionarilor ~ of mortgages - registru de sarcini şi ipoteci

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REG 258

~ of shipping - registru naval / maritim ~ office - registratură ~ ton - tonă - registru ~ tonnage - tonaj-registru registered adj. înregistrat, înscris; înmatriculat ~ address - adresă socialâ ~ bond - obligaţiune nominală ~ capital - capital înregistrat / nominal ~ certificate - certificat nominal (de acţiuni) ~ letter - scrisoare recomandată ~ name - denumire înregistrată (a firmeî) ~ office - sediu social

parcel - colet poştal cu valoare declarată ~ proprietor - proprietar cu titlu de proprietate înregistrat/înscris (în cartea funciara) ~ shares - acţiuni nominale ~ title - titlu de proprietate înregistrat/ înscris (în cartea funciara) ~ tonnage - tonaj-registru ~ trade mark - marcă de comert înre-gistrată, marcă depusă registering adj. înregistrator, de înre-gistrare s. 1. înregistrare, înscriere (in registrn) 1. expediere recomandată (a unei scrisori} 3. (rfr.) transcriere registrar s. 1. arhivar 2. grefier 3. notar ~ of companies - director al registrului de comert registration s. 1. înregistrare, înscriere (în registru) 2. expediere recomandată {a unei scrisori) 3. (rfr.) transcriere ~ countries - ţâri în care o cerere de brevet de invenţie poate fî înregistrată

(beneficiind de prioritate convenţio- nală) ~ dues / fees - taxă de înregistrare ~ number - număr de înregistrare ~ office - registratură ~of mortgage - înscriere / transcriere ipotecară ~ of trade marks - înscriere / depunere a mărcilor de comert registry s. 1. registratură; birou, oficiu 2. înregistrare, înscriere 3. registru, catalog 4. (mar.) pavilion ~ of shipping - registru naval/maritim ~ offîce - registratură; oficiul stării civile; oficiu de plasare (a oamenilor de serviciu) regressive adj. regresiv ~ supply - ofertă regresivă ~ tax - impozit regresiv regular adj. 1. regulat 2. obişnuit, curent, normal 3. reglementar

customer - client obişnuit/ permanent ~ employment - serviciu permanent ~ endorsement - andosare reglemen-tară / completă ~ grade - calitate obişnuită ~ income - venit obişnuit / fîx ~ line - linie regulată (de navigaţie) ~ lot - (bur.) partidă normală de mărfuri

overtime - ore suplimentare obişnuite / normale ~ price - preţ obişnuit / curent ~ recourse - (dr.) regres legal ~ salary - salariu permanent / regulat ~ size - format obişnuit ~ staff - personal permanent ~ trader - navă de linie ~ traffic - trafic regulat

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REG-REL 259 ~ travellers - călători cu abonament; navetişti ~ way - (bur.) tranzacţii care se lichidează în ziua unnătoare regularity s. regularitate; formă reglementară (a unui act) regularize v.t. 1. a regulariza; a regle- menta 2. a ordona, a aranja regulate v.t. 1. a regulariza; a regle- menta 2. a adapta (cerinţe, condiţii) regulation s. 1. ordin, ordonanţă 2. regularizare; reglementare 3. pl. regula- ment, statut 4. ordonare, aranjare adj. 1. stabilit (prin regulament) 1. reglementar ~ of monopoly - reglementare a monopolurilor ~ of the market - reglementare a pieţei Regulation T - (SUA) lege federalâ care reglementează suma totală a creditelor care pot fi acordate de brokeri clienţilor pentru cumpărarea de titluri de valoare Regulation U - (SUA) lege federalâ care reglementează suma totală a creditelor care pot fi acordate de o bancâ pentru cumpărarea de titluri de valoare to bring under ~ - a reglementa rehabilitation s. reabilitare, refacere ~ plan - plan de reabilitare / refacere reimbursable adj. rambursabil reimburse v.t. 1. a rambursa 2. a despâgubi, a indemniza reimport s. 1. reimportare 2. pl. mărfuri reimportate v.t. a reimporta reimportation s. reimport; reimportare reinstatement s. restituire a unui bun (de câtre societatea de asigurări) reinsurance s. reasigurare

~ clause - clauză de reasigurare ~ exchange/pool - convenţie/asociaţie de reasigurare ~ policy - poliţă de reasigurare reinsure v.î. a reasigura reinsurer s. reasigurător reinvest v.t. a reinvesti reissue s. 1. reeditare, retipărire; ediţie nouă 2. emisiune nouă (de acţiuni, obligaţiuni) v.t. 1. a reedita, a retipări 2. a emite din nou (acţiuni, obligaţiuni) relation s. relaţie; raport ~s of production - relaţii de producţie release s. 1. a elibera, a descărca (de o datorie) 2. (dr.) act de transmitere, cesiune (a unei proprietăţi etc.) 3. (dr.) punere în libertate 4. eliberare, livrare (de mărfuri) 5. (com.) chitanţă, recipisă 6. permis (de încărcare, descârcare etc.) 1. autorizatie de publicare (în presâ) v.t. 1. a elibera, a descărca {de o datorie etc.) 2. (dr.) a transfera, a ceda (o proprietate) 3. (dr.) a pune în libertate 4. a autoriza publicarea (în presă) ~ of goods against payment - eliberare a mărfurilor (din vamă) contra plată ~ of funds - deblocare de fonduri ~ of mortgage - scoatere de sub ipotecă ~ on bail - eliberare pe cauţiune releasee s. (dr.) cesionar releasor s. (dr.) cedent relevant adj. relevant ~ risk - (fin.) risc relevant (riscul unui titlu de valoare care nu poate fi diversificat sau riscul depiaţă) reliability s. 1. bonitate, solvabilitate 2. fîabilitate, siguranţă m exploatare (a unuiprodus)

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260 REL-REN reliable adj. sigur; serios ~ bank - bancă sigură / de încredere ~ firm - firmâ serioasă ~ guarantee - garanţie solidă relief s. 1. reducere; degrevare (de impozite etc.) 2. (a?r.) reparatie, despâgubire; câştig de cauză 3. ajutor, asistenţă (pentru sâraci, şomeri etc.) ~ fund - fond de ajutor/asistenţă ~ works - asistenţă pentru şomeri relieve v.t. 1. a degreva (de o obligaţie etc.) 2. a ajutora, a ajuta (la nevoie) relieving adj. 1. de reducere 2. de ajutor ~ clause - clauză de exonerare reload v.t. a reîncărca; a transborda relocation s. detaşare remain v.i. a rămâne to ~ in force - a rămâne în vigoare to ~ on hand - a rămâne disponibil remainder s. 1. rest, rămăşiţă 2. stoc de cărti nevândute 3. (dr.) drept de moştenire adj. rămas v.t. a vinde la solduri (stocul cărţilor nevândute) ~ sale - soldare (de cărţî) ~ shop - magazin de solduri [de cârţî} ~ value - valoare rămasă remainderman s. (dr.) moştenitor subsecvent; succesor (al unei moşteniri) remedy s. 1. (dr.) reparatie, satisfacţie; compensaţie, despăgubire 2. toleranţă (a titlului unei monede) reminder s. 1. memento; reamintire 2. scrisoare de rapel / revenire remission s. 1. scutire, degrevare (de datorii etc.) 2. (rfr.) renunţare {la pretenţii, drepturt) remit v.t. a remite, a transmite; a expedia (mărfuri); a trimite prin mandat (bani) 2. a plăti, a achita 3. a

scuti, a degreva (de datoriî) 4. (dr.) a micşora (p pedeapsă, o amenda) remittal s. anulare (a unei datorii) remittance 5'. 1. expediere, transmitere (de bani, cecuri etc.) 2. bani expediaţi ~ man - persoană care trăieşte (m străinâtate) cu bani expediati de acasă remittee s. destinatar (al unei remiterî) remitter s. remitent, expeditor al unei sume de bani remnant s. 1. rest, rămăşiţă 2. deşeu, reziduu 3. cupon (de stofa) ~ sale - soldare de cupoane (de stofa) removable adj. detaşabil, demontabil; mobil ~ parts - piese detaşabile removal s. 1. deplasare, transportare 2. schimbare a domiciliului, mutare 3. destituire, demitere 4. transfer 5. ridicare (a restricţiilor) 6. radiere

contractor(s) - companie de transport de mobilă ~ expenses - cheltuieli de mutare ~ van - camion de mutări remove v.t. 1. a muta, a transporta 2. a destitui, a demite 3. a transfera 4. a ridica (restricţiî) 5. a radia v.i. 1. a se muta (din casâ') 1. a-şi schimba serviciul remunerate v.t. a remunera, 'a retribui remuneration s. remuneraţie, retribu-ţie; salarizare remunerative adj. 1. remunerativ 2. rentabil, profitabil ~ business - afacere rentabilă remunerativeness s. caracter remune-ratoriu remuneratory adj. lucrativ, rentabil renegotiatev.r. arenegocia

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REN-REP 261

renew v.t. 1. a reînnoi; a prelungi (un contracî); a relua (activitated) 2. a reface, a restaura; a recondiţiona renewable s. care poate fi reînnoit / refacut sau prelungit renewal s. 1. reînnoire; prelungire (a unui contract)', reluare (a activităţiî) 2. refacere, restaurare; recondiţionare ~ fund - fond de modemizare tehno- logică ~ notice - notă / ofertă de reînnoire (a contractului de asigurare) ~ premium - primă de reînnoire {a contractului de asigurare pentru un an) ~ privilege of term insurance - privilegiu de reînnoire a termenului de asigurare ~ rate - taxă pentru prelungirea creditului . rent s. 1. chirie 2. arendă; rentă funciară v.t. 1. a închiria, a da cu chirie; a închiria, a lua cu chirie 2. a arenda, a da în arendă; a arenda, a lua în arendă v.i. 1. a fi închiriat 2. a fi arendat ~ control - reglementare a chiriilor ~ - free - scutit de chirie sau arendă ~ freeza - îngheţare a chiriilor (de către. stat) ~ of land - arendă; rentă funciară ~ ower - chiriaş, persoană care datorează chiria; arendaş, persoană care datorează arenda ~ restriction - plafonare a chiriilor (de către staf) ~ - roll - registru al arendaşilor sau al veniturilor din arenzi ~ service - servicii (personale) care înlocuiesc sau suplimentează chiria ori arenda ~ tax - impozit pe chirii

rental s. 1. .cuantum al chiriei sau al arendei 2. casâ închiriată 3. registru al arendaşilor sau al veniturilor din arenzi adj. referitor la închiriere sau arendare ~ income - venit din închirieri ~ tariff - tarif de închiriere ~ value - valoare locativă renter s. 1. chiriaş 2. arendaş reorder s. comandă nouă; reaprovi- zionare v.t. 1. a rearanja, a reordona 2. a comanda din nou; a reaproviziona reorganize v.t. 1. a reorganiza, a restructura 2. a asana (fînanţele) repack v.t. a reambala repair s. 1 (şi pl.) reparaţie; întreţinere 2. pl. (cont.) chekuieli alocate pentm întreţinerea mijloacelor fixe 3. piesă de schimb v.t. a repara ~ parts / pieces - piese de schimb ~ service - serviciu de întretinere ~ ship / vessel - atelier plutitor - work - lucrări de reparaţie ~ yard - şantier naval de reparaţii reparation s. reparaţie, reparare 2. pl. despăgubiri, compensaţii (de râzboi etc.) repatriate v.t. a repatria (profitul) repay v.t. a plăti, a achita, a rambursa v.i. 1. a plăti, a-şi achita datoriile 2. a acorda o răsplată / recompensă repayable adj. rambursabil repayment s. 1. plată, achitare, ram- bursare 2. răsplată, recompensă repeat s. 1. repetare 2. (com.) comandă de mărfuri similare cu transportul anterior v.t. a repeta "(o comandă, o cerere etc.) ~ order - comandă repetată ~ purchase sales volume - volum de vânzări ale unor articole de consum obişnuit

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REP 262

repetitive adj. repetat ~ manufacturing - producţie de serie replacement s. 1. înlocuire 2. piesă de schimb; înlocuitor ~ age - vechime limită / de înlocuire (a unui utilaj) ~ cost - cost de înlocuire (al unui activ) ~ demand - (com.) cerere de înlocuire (a produselor defolosinţă îndelungată) ~ parts / pieces - piese de schimb replenish v.t. 1. a reumple 2. a com- pleta; a reaproviziona replenishment s. 1. reumplere 2. com- pletare; reaprovizionare ~ of stock - completare a stocului ~ of supplies - reaprovizionare ~ lead time - perioadâ de reapro- vizionare {timpul dintre comandâ şi livrare) replevin s. (dr.) recuperare a bunurilor ţinute sub sechestru; hotărâre de scoa- tere de sub sechestru; acţiune de scoatere a bunurilor de sub sechestru replevy v.t. (dr.) a scoate de sub sechestru; a recupera bunurile ţinute sub sechestru report s. 1. raport, dare de seamă; proces-verbal 2. reportaj v.t. 1. a face un raport / o dare de seamă asupra 2. a t'ace un reportaj despre v.i. 1. (on, upon) a prezenta un raport (asupra, despre) 1. a face un reportaj reportage s. reportaj reporter s. 1. raportor 2. reporter repository s. depozit, magazie, antrepozit repossess v.t. a repune în posesia; a reintra în posesia represent v.t. a reprezenta (o firmă)

representation s. reprezentanţâ (co- mercială) representative adj. reprezentativ, caracteristic, tipic s. 1. reprezentant; delegat; 2. eşantion reprezentativ. mostră ~ money - bani reprezentativi (hârtie - - monedâ cu acoperire totală în metale preţioase) ~ offîce - reprezentanţă ~ sample - mostră reprezentativă, eşantion-tip ~ sampling - eşantionare reprezen- tativă ~ type - model-tip ~ value - valoare proprie repressive adj. represiv ~ tax - impozit represiv (pentru frânarea investiţiilor, a consumului) reprieve .$. amânare, păsuire v.t. a amâna, a păsui; a acorda un termen (unui debitor) reprisals s. pl. represalii reprises s. pl. impozit anual (pe o proprietate) reproductive adj. reproductiv ~ debt - datorie (publică) reproductivă (imprumut investit de stat în active productive) repudiate v.t. 1. a repudia, a denunţa {un contract) 2. a refuza (plata unei datorii, îndeplinirea unei obligaţii) repudiation s. 1. repudiere, denunţare (a unui contract) 2. refuz (de a plăti o datorie, de a îndeplini o obligaţie) repurchase s. răscumpărare v.t. a răscumpăra ~ agreement - acord de răscumpărare (a titlurilor de valoare) reputed adj. 1. celebru, faimos 2. ipotetic, prezumtiv

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REP-RES 263 ~ owner - proprietar prezumtiv request s. 1. cerere, revendicare, pretenţie 2. (com.) cerere v.t. a cere, a solicita; a revendica ~ for payment / to pay - cerere de plată ~ note - (mar.) permis vamal special {de descărcare a mărfurilor perisabile înainte de conîrolul vamal) ~s book - condică de reclamaţii ~ to insure - cerere de asigurare to be in good / great ~ - a fi foarte căutat / cerut to be in limited / little / poor ~ - a fi puţin căutat / cerut to comply with a ~ - a admite o cerere to make ~ for - a cere, a solicita require v.t. 1. a cere, a solicita, a revendica 2. a necesita, a reclama, a avea nevoie de requirement s. 1. cerere, cerinţă, soli- citare 2. necesitate, nevoie, trebuinţă requital s. 1. răsplată, recompensă 2. descoperire, compensaţie, indemnizaţie requite v.t. 1. a răsplăti, a recompensa 2. a despăgubi, a compensa, a indemniza reroute v.t. a schimba ruta / relaţia; a transporta pe altă rută rerouting s. schimbare a rutei / relaţiei rerummage v.t. (mar.) a executa o contrarevizie vamală (la. încărcarea mărfii de exporf) resale s. revânzare ~ price maintenance - fixare a preţurilor de revânzare (sistem de vânzare în care preţurile la ultimul consumator sunt stabilite de producător) ~ value - valoare de revânzare

rescheduling s. reeşalonare (a datoriilor) rescind v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un contract) rescission s. anulare, reziliere (a unui contract) research s. cercetare (ştiinţifică'); studiu, investigaţie v.i. a face cercetări (ştiinţifice) ~ and development - cercetare şi dezvoltare ~ department - serviciu de cercetare ~ institute - institut de cercetâri ~ work - muncă de cercetare ~ worker - cercetător researcher s. cercetător {ştiinţifîc) resell v.t. a revinde reservation s. 1. rezervare, retinere (de locuri) 2. (dr.) rezervare, păstrare (a unui drept) ~ fee - taxă de rezervare {a locului) reserve s. 1. rezervă; stoc, provizii 2. (fin.) rezervă 3. rezervă, restricţie; clauză limitativă adj. de rezervă v.t. 1. a rezerva, a reţine (locurî) 2. (dr.) a-şi rezerva (un drept) ~ account - cont de fonduri de rezervă ~ against bad and doubtful debts - fond (bancar) de rezervă pentru creanţe dubioase ~ bank - (SUA) bancă federală de rezerve ~ capital - capital de rezervă ~ currency - rezervă valutară ~ deficiency - deficit de rezervă ~ deposit - depunere de acoperire ~ fund - fond acumulat/de rezervă (pentru investifii) ~ price - preţ iniţial / de strigare (la hcitaţie); preţ minim (acceptat de vânzâtor)

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264 RES ~ ratio - (fin.) rata de rezervă (raportul dintre rezerva monetarâ a unei bănci şi obligaţiile totale faţă de depozitele clienţilor) ~ requirements - rezervă minimâ obligatorie ~ stock - stoc de rezervă to build up ~s - a constitui rezerve to draw on the ~s - a retrage sume din fondurile de rezervă reship v.t. (mar.) a reîncărca; a transborda reshipment s. (mar.) reîncărcare; transbordare reside v.i. a locui, a domicilia residence s. 1. domiciliu, reşedinţă 2.rezidenţâ ~ for tax purposes - domiciliu fiscal resident adj. domiciliat; rezident s. rezident ~ minister - reprezentant diplomatic, ministru plenipotenţiar ~ population - populaţie stabilă / fixă residential adj. rezidenţial; referitor la locuinţe ~ area - cartier rezidenţial / de locuinţe elegante ~ building - bloc de locuinţe ~ district - cartier de locuinţe ~ estate - teren parcelat pentru construcţia de locuinţe ~ hotel - hotel - pensiune ~ mortgage - ipotecă imobiliară residual adj. rezidual, restant ~ dividend theory - teoria dividen- delor reziduale ~ unemployment - şomaj rezidual (şomaj care afectează forţa de muncă cu eficienţă scăzută, necalifîcatâ, fâră motivaţie)

~ value - {cont.) valoare reziduală (valoarea râmasă a unui activ depreciabil) residuary adj. (dr.) rezidual, restant ~ bequest / legacy - (dr.) moştenire a unui legatar universal ~ clause - clauză reziduală / restanta (privitoare la legatarul universal) ~ estate - moştenire reziduală / restantă ~ legatee - (dr.) legatar universal residue s. 1. reziduu 2. (com.) rămăşiţă, excedent, sold 3. (dr.) moştenire rămasă (dupâ plata impozitelor şi a datoriilor) resign v.t. a renunţa la (un post, o funcţie etc.) v.i. (from) a demisiona, a-şi da demisia {din} resignation s. 1. demisie 2. renunţare {la un drept) to hand / to send in one 's ~ - a-şi da / a-şi înainta demisia resistance s. rezistenţă ~ level - nivel de rezistenţă (al cursului acţiunilor) resort s. 1. resursă, mijloc 2. staţiune (climatericâ) resource 5'. 1. resursă 2. pl. resurse financiare, mijloace băneşti ~ allocation - distribuire / repartizare a resurselor ~ audit - (man.) audit al resurselor (m vederea realizârii unei strategii economice) ~ dependence - (nian.) dependenţă de resurse (asistenţă financiară, furnizare de materii prime etc.) ~ industry - industria minieră ~ management - managementul resur- selor

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RES 265 resourceless adj. lipsit de resurse/ mijloace / posibilităţi resourcelessness s. lipsă de resurse / mijloace / posibilităţi respectable adj. respectabil ~ bill - cambie de clasa întâi respite s. amânare, pâsuire, răgaz v.i. a amâna, a păsui; a acorda un răgaz (pentru achitarea unei datorii) respondentia s. împrumut maritim cu angajarea mărfii ~ bond - contract de împrumut maritim cu angajarea mârfii rest s. 1. rest, rămăşiţă 2. fond de rezervă suplimentară (a unei bănci) restaff v.t. a angaja din nou personal pentru (o întreprindere etc.) restaurant s. restaurant ~ car - vagon-restaurant restaurateur s. restaurator, patron de restaurant restitution s. 1. restituire, înapoiere 2. reparare, compensare (a unei pagube) ~ of damage - reparare / compensare a daunei to make ~ - a repara / a compensa o daunâ restock v.t. a reaproviziona (un magazin), a reface (un stoc de mărfurî) restorable adj. care poate fi restituit / înapoiat restoration s. 1. restituire, înapoiere (de bunuri, proprietâţi) 1. repunere în drepturi; reintegrare (într-o funcţie anterioară) 3. restaurare, reparare ~ of goods taken m distraint - (dr.) ordin de ridicare a sechestrului restore v.t. 1. a restitui, a înapoia 2. a repune în drepturi, a reintegra 3. a restaura, a repara

restrain v.t. a restrânge, a îngrădi (comerţul) restraint s. 1. restricţie, îngrădire 2. constrângere ~ and detainment - constrângere şi reţinere (a naveî) ~ of authorities - constrângere aplicată de autorităţi {asupra naveî) ~ of trade - restricţii comerciale restrict v.t. a restrânge, a limita restricted adj. restrâns, limitat ~ endorsement - andosare restrictivă ~ liability - răspundere limitată ~ licenc'e - licenţă partială / cu clauze restrictive ~ market - piaţă restrânsâ / limitată (pe care unul sau mai mulţi producători au decis să-şi limiteze vânzările) ~ ownership - coproprietate, indivizi- une ~ publication - publicaţie de uz intem ~ tariff - tarif forfetar ~ voting shares — acţiuni cu drept de vot restrictiv restriction s. restricţie; restrângere, limitare (a creditelor) restrictive adj. restrictiv, limitativ ~ business/trade practices - practici comerciale restrictive (acţiuni ale societăţilor private sau de stat care practică o concurenţâ restrictivă neîoiala) ~ clause - clauză restrictivă ~ covenant - (dr.) acord contractual restrictiv (care interzice anumite acţiunî) ~ endorsement - andosare restrictivă ~ measures - măsuri restrictive restructure v.t. a restructura, a reorganiza

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266 RET retail s. vânzare/comerţ cu amă- nuntul/bucata/în detaliu adj. referitor la vânzarea cu amănuntul/bucata/în deta- liu adv. cu amănuntul/bucata/în detaliu v.t., v.i. a vinde cu amânuntul/ bucata / în detaliu ~ banks - bănci pentm activităţi cu amănuntul (care acordă credite consu- matorilor şifirmelor mici) ~ dealer - comerciant cu amănuntul, detailist ~ distribution - distribuţie / comerţ cu amănuntul ~ outlet - debuşeu pe piaţa vânzărilor cu amănuntul ~ price - preţ cu amănuntul ~ sale - vânzare cu amănuntul ~ shop - magazin cu amănuntul ~ trade - comert în detaliu / cu amănuntul retailer s. comerciant cu amănuntul, detailist retain v.t. 1. a reţine 2. a angaja (un avocat etc.); a lua în serviciu 3. a păstra, a menţine retained adj. reţinut ~ earnings / profit - profit acumulat / nedistribuit (acţionarilor cu scopul formării defonduri de investiţii) retainer s. arvună; avans, onorariu de angajare (pentru un avocat) retaliate v.i. (on) a aplica represalii (impotriva) retaliation s. represalii ~ tariff - tarif vamal de represalii retaliatory adj. de represalii, represiv ~ duty - taxă vamală de represalii ~ measures - măsuri represive, represalii ~ tariff - tarif vamal de represalii

retention s. 1. reţinere 2. pl. profit reţinut / nedistribuit {acţionarilor cu scopul formârii defonduri de investiţii) ~ money - penalizări (in cazul neîndeplinirii obligaţiilor contractuale) ~ ratio - rată de retenţie (partea profitului nerepartizaî din totalul profitului companiei) retire v.t. 1. a pensiona, a scoate la pensie 2. a retrage din circulaţie (bani) 3. a achita (o cambie înainte de scadenţa) v.i. 1. a demisiona; a se pensiona 2. a se retrage (din afacerî) retired adj. 1. pensionat 2. retras (din afaceri) ~ bill - cambie retrasă (inainte de scadenţa) sau înlocuită (cu alte cambii) ~ list - listă a funcţionarilor pensionaţi ~ pay - pensie (a unui funcţionar sau militar) retiree s. pensionar, persoană retrasă din activitate retirement s. 1. pensionare 2. retragere din circulaţie (a banilor) 3. achitare {a unei cambii înainte de scadenţa) 4. casare (a unui mijlocfix) ~ annuity - poliţâ de asigurare cu plata unei anuităţi din momentul pensionării ~ benefits - beneficii de pensionare, pensii ~ funding - fonduri de finanţare a pensionării ~ on account of age / pension - pensionare pentru limită de vârstă ~ plan - plan de pensionare retiring adj. care iese la pensie, pensionat; referitor la pensionare ~ age - vârstă de pensionare ~ fund - fond de pensii ~ pension - pensie pentru limită de vârstă

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RET-REV 267 retoolv.?. areutila retractable adj. retractabil ~ bond - obligaţiune retractabilă (care ii oferâ deţinătorului opţiunea de a o revinde emitentului la valoarea nominală, înainte de maturitate) retraining s. recalifîcare (profesională) retrench v.t. a reduce, a micşora (chelîuielile) v.i. a-şi reduce cheltu- ielile, a face economii retrenchment s. reducere, micşorare (a cheltuielilor)\ economie retroact v.i. a avea efect retroactiv, a acţiona retroactiv (despre legi) retroaction s. putere retroactivă, efect retroactiv (al unei legi) retroactive adj. retroactiv return s. 1. întoarcere, înapoiere 2. rambursare, restituire, ristumă 3. {şi pl.) profit, beDeficiu; încasări; randa- ment, rentabilitate 4. refuzare, înapo- iere, reexpediere (de mărfuri necores- punzătoare) 5. pl. mărfuri refuzate; stoc nevândut 6. recompensă, răsplată 7. raport oficial; comunicat oficial; dare de seamă, expunere 8. recensământ (al populaţieî) adj. referitor la întoarcere / înapoiere v.t. 1. a rambursa, a restitui 2. a aduce, a produce (un venit) 3. a anunţa, a declara (venitul) v.i. a se întoarce, a reveni ~ address - adresă a expeditorului ~ draft - contratrată ~ duty - taxă vamală restituită ~ fare - preţ al biletului dus-întors ~ freight - (mar.) navlu de înapoiere ~ load - încărcătură de înapoiere ~ of charges - degrevare de taxe ~ of expenses - dare de seamă asupra cheltuielilor ~ of income - declaraţie de venituri

~ of premium - restituire a primei de asigurare ~ of shares - randament al acţiunilor ~ of the year - rezultat al exerciţiului financiar ~ on assets - rentabilitatea activelor (raportul dintre profitul net şi activul total) ~ on capital / investment - rentabili- tatea investiţiei - on (common) equity - rentabilitatea capitalurilor proprii (profitul disponibil pentru acţionari împărţit la capita-lurile propriî) ~s inwards book - (cont.) registru al mărfurilor retumate / refuzate ~ ticket - bilet dus-întors returnable adj. retumabil - goods - mărfuri în consignaţie returned adj. 1. restituit, înapoiat 2. refuzat ~ cheque - cec refuzat ~ empty - restituit gol (despre un container sau vagon) reusable adj. refolosibil ~ materials - materiale refolosibile reuse v.t. a refolosi revalorize v.t. a revaloriza (moneda etc.) revaluation s. reevaluare ~ of assets - reevaluare a activelor ~ reserve - rezervă obţinută din reevaluarea sau vânzarea unor active revalue v.t. a reevalua revenue s. 1. venit (anual); pl. beneficii, profit 2. bunuri care consti- tuie sursă de venit -- account - (cont.) cont de venituri / încasări fiscale ~ assets - capital circulant / mobil ~ authority - autoritate fiscală, fisc

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268 REV-RIG ~ bond - obligaţiune cu câştiguri (obîigaţiune municipalâ susţinută prin veniturile proiectului finanţat) ~ collection - colectarea impozitelor ~ cutter - şalupă vamală ~ duties - taxe fiscale ~ • earning capital - capital productiv ~ expediture - cheltuieli de întreţinere şi productie ~ flag - (mar.) pavilion vamal ~ from land - venit funciar ~ offîce - administraţie financiară ~ officer - administrator financiar functionar vamal ~ receipts - încasări fiscale ~ stamp - timbru fiscal; banderolâ (care atestă plata taxei de timbru) ~ tariff - tarif fiscal ~ tax - impozit pe profit ~ ton - tonă vamală reverse adj. invers s. revers; verso, contrapagină v.t. 1. a inversa 2. (dr.) a anula, a casa; a abroga ~ takeover - (bur.) preluare inversă (cumpărarea unei societâţi anonime de către una cu răspundere limitată sau a unei societăţi mari de către una mai mică) reversible adj. reversibil ~ days - (mar.) zile de operare reversibile ~ lay days - (mar.) stalii reversibile reversion s. (dr.) reversiune, reversie to come into ~ - a intra în posesia unui bun prin reversiune reversionary adj. referitor la reversiune ~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate prin reversiune ~ interest - (dr.) reversiune, reversie revictual v.t., v.i. a (se) reaproviziona

revival ^. 1. relansare (economicâ); reluare (a legâturilor economice) 1. repunere/reintrare în vigoare (a unei legî) revocable adj. revocabil ~ post - funcţie amovibilă revocation s. revocare; anulare, abrogare revoke v.t. a revoca; a anula, a abroga (o lege) revolve v.i. a reveni periodic / cu regularitate revolving adj. care revine periodic / cu regularitate ~ credit agreement - acord de credit cu reînnoire automată ~ fund - fond circulant (din care se împrumută bani şi în care se reîntorc creditele acordate cu dobânda aferentâ); (SUA) tbnd (guvernamental) circulant (destinat finanţării serviciilor publice} reward s. recompensă, răsplată; premiu v.t. a recompensa, a răsplăti; a premia ~ system - sistem de recompense rich adj. 1. bogat, avut 2. roditor, fertil to grow ~ - a se îmbogăţi to strike it ~ - a se îmbogăţi peste noapte rider s. 1. anexă (la un document, o lege); alonjă (la cambie) 2. clauză adiţională (la un contract) rig v.t. a falsifica to ~ the market - a manipula piaţa, a produce (în mod artificial) creşteri sau scăderi de preţuri right adj. 1. drept 2. corect; exact s. drept ~ and true delivery - (mar.) predare exactă

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RIG-RIS 269

~ of action - drept de a acţiona în judecată ~ of angary - (mar.) drept de angarie ~ of entry - drept de (re)intrare în posesie (asupra umd teren) ~ of fîrst refusal - drept de prioritate asupra ofertei ~ of option - drept de opţiune

of pre-emption - drept de preempţiune ~ of return - drept de retumare (a mârfurilor nevândute) ~ of search - (mar.) drept de control / vizită ~ of signature - drept de semnătură ~ of way - drept de trecere / pasaj ~ s issue - drept preferenţial de subscriere (pentru acţionarii existenţi) ~ offing - drepturi în perspectivă (emisiune de titluri de valoare câtre acţionarii existenţi) ~ to enforce - drept de a executa (prin judecatâ) ~ to strike - drept la grevă ~ to work - drept de muncă rightful adj. legal, legitim ring s. 1. cartel, sindicat patronal 2. grup, cerc (de persoane cu inîerese economice comune susţinute pe căi ilegale) 3. ring, loc de negociere (la bursâ) riot .y.revoltă, răscoală ~s and civil commotions - (asig. mar.) răscoale şi războaie civile riparian adj. riveran; de pe litoral / coastă s. proprietar riveran rise s. creştere, ridicare, mărire (a preţurilor) v.i. a creşte, a se ridica, a Se mări (despre preţurî) to operate for a ~/to speculate on the ~ - (bur.) a face speculaţii ă la hausse

rising adj. în creştere / urcare ~ market - piaţă cu tendinţă de creştere (a preţurilor) ~ price - preţ în creştere risk s. (asig.) risc v.t. a risca ~ analysis - (fin.) analiza riscului ~ at sea - risc maritim / pe mare ~ aversion - aversiune faţă de risc (a investitorilor) ~ capital - capital de risc/pentru speculaţii ~ coefficient - coeficient de risc ~ - free rate - (fîn.) rată fâră risc (rentabilitatea unei investifii lipsite de risc) ~ insured - risc asigurat ~ management - managementul riscu- rilor ~ money - fond pentru manco de casă ~ of boats / craft - risc de transbordare ~ of breakage - risc de spargere ~ of capture and seizure clause - (asig. mar.) clauza riscului de capturâ şi sechestrare ~ of collision - risc de coliziune / abordaj ~ of seizure - (asig. mar.) risc de captură ~ portfolio - portofoliu de riscuri ~ premium - (fin.) primă de risc (diferenţa dintre rata necesară a rentabilităţu unui activ riscant dat şi rata rentabilităţii unui activ lipsit de risc cu aceeaşi viaţâ estimata) ~ taker - persoană (investitor) care îşi asumă riscul ~s and perils of the sea - riscuri şi pericole ale mării to incur a ~ - a se expune unui risc to lay off a ~ - a efectua o reasigurare

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270 RIV-ROU rival adj., s. rival v.t. a concura, a rivaliza cu v.i. a rivaliza, a fi în concurenţă rivalry s. rivalitate, concurenţâ river s. râu; fluviu adj. de râu; fluvial ~ barge - şlep fluvial ~ bill of lading - conosament fluvial ~ boat/ship/vessel - navă fluvială ~ - borne - transportat pe fluviu ~ charges / dues - taxe fluviale ~ fîshery - pescuit fluvial ~ insurance - asigurare fluvială ~ navigation - navigaţie fluvială ~ port - port fluvial ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor fluviale ~ transportation - transport fluvial riverain adj., s. riveran road s. 1. dmm; şosea 2. (SUA) cale ferată 3. (mar.) radă ~ board - administraţia drumurilor ~ haulage / transport - transport rutier ~ haulier - transportator ~ network - reţea mtieră ~ officials - funcţionari din serviciile drumurilor ~ ship / vessel - navă de radă roadbook s. ghid rutier roadhouse s. restaurant pe marginea unei şosele roadman s. drumar roadstead s. (mar.) radă roadtax s. taxă de drumuri, impozit rutier roadworks s.pl. lucrări de drumuri robber 5'. jefuitor, tâlhar ~ economy - economie de jaf (care exploatează la limitâ resursele naturale) robot s. robot; automat ~ distributor - distribuitor automat robotics s. robotică

rod s. prăjină (unitate de măsură pentru lungime şi suprafata) ~ of brickwork - prăjină de zidărie de cărămidă (unitate de măsurd pentru suprafaţă) ~ rollback s. reducere generală a preţurilor, salariilor etc. {impusă de guvem) rolling adj. rulant ~ stock - (c.f.) material rulant, parc de vagoane rollover s. rollover, prelungire; reeşa- lonare (a unor obligaţii financiare); reinvestire (a unui titlu de valoare când acesta ajunge la scadenţa) rood 5'. prăjină (unitate de mdsură pentru lungime şi suprafaţa) rook v.t. a înşela, a escroca room s. camerâ; sală ~ service - serviciu de cameră (intr-un hotel) rotation s. rotaţie ~ of crops - asolament, rotaţie a culturilor agricole ~ of directors - rotaţie a directorilor ~ of jobs - rotaţie a sarcinilor / locului de muncă round adj. 1. rotund 2. rotund, complet, întreg (despre cifre) 3. aproximativ, estimativ, în cifre rotunde (despre calcule) s. mndă (de negocieri) v.t. (off) a rotunji (calcule, cifre) ~ dozen - duzină completă ~ figure/number - cifră rotundă, număr întreg; cifră aproximativă / estimativă ~ lot - (bur.) pachet/lot complet de acţiuni (de circa 100 de acţiuni pe care un investitor doreşte să le cumpere) ~ tour - călătorie în circuit

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ROU-RUN 271 ~ trip - călătorie dus-întors; bilet de călătorie dus-întors ~ - trip charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire dus-întors ~ voyage - (mar.) călătorie / voiaj dus- -întors route s. rută; drum v.t. a dirija (mărfuri etc.) ~ sheet - foaie de drum routine s. rutină; procedură adj. curent, normal; cotidian ~ business - afaceri curente ~ inspection - control tehnic la locul de producţie ~ work - serviciu curent royal adj. regal Royal Exchange - Bursa din Londra Royal Mint - Monetăria Regală royalty s. 1. drepturi / indemnizatii de autor sau inventator 2. redevenţă ~ fee - taxâ de redevenţă; taxă anuală plătită de franchiser pentru folosirea metodei şi experienţei franşizor rubber s. 1. cauciuc 2. pl. acţiuni ale fabricilor producătoare de cauciuc adj. de cauciuc ~ stamp - ştampilă de cauciuc rule s. 1. regulă, normă, prescripţie 2. pl. regulament 3. ordonanţă, decizie 4. autoritate; conducere v.t. 1. (dr.) a decide, a hotărî 2. a guvema, a conduce 3. (off) a încheia (un cont) v.i. a cota, a se menţine (despre un curs etc.) ~ of court - sentinţă / decizie a tribunalului ~s and regulations - statute şi regulamente ~s of procedure - norme de procedură ruling adj. conducător, de conducere/ guvemământ 2. curent, actual;

predominant s. 1. ordonanţă / decizie judecătorească 2. conducere, guvemare ~ price - preţ curent/al pieţei/în vigoare rummage s. control vamal (la bord) v.i. a face controlul vamal (la bord) ~ sale - vânzare a mărfurilor neridicate la termen (din vama) run s. 1. lot, serie 2. (c.f.) parcurs, traseu 3. funcţionare, regim de lucru (al unei maşinî) 4. cerere, solicitare (a clientelei) 5. (bur.) listă a cotaţiilor (la cumpărare sau vânzare) v.t. 1. a conduce, a administra (o afacere etc.) 1. a face, a îndeplini (un comision) 3. a introduce prin contrabandă, a face contrabandă de; a încălca prevederile vamale 4. a parcurge (p distanţa} 5. a exploata (p navâ, un utilaj etc.) 6. (down) a reduce (activitatea unei întreprinderi ca măsură premergâtoare închiderii ei); a lichida (stocul de materii prime sau produse finite) 1. (up) a lăsa să se mărească (un cont); a urca (preţuriîe); a lăsa să se adune (datorii) v.i. 1. a fimctiona (despre maşmî} 2. a fi în vigoare, a-şi păstra efectul / valabilitatea (despre legi, decrete) 3. (on) a se acumula (despre datorii); a decurge, a-şi urma cursul (despre un contract) 4. (to) a atinge (o cifră, o sumă) 5. (up) a creşte, a se mări (despre preţurî) runaway adj. putemic, nestâvilit ~ inflation - inflatie putemică/ nestăvi-lită, hiperinflaţie running adj. 1. curent 2. succesiv; continuu ~ account - cont curent

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272

~ agreement - (mar.) contract de angajare a echipajului pentru mai multe călătorii ~ broker - agent de schimb de cambii ~ contract - contract în curs de demlare ~ costs - cheltuieli curente {de producţie) ~ days - (mar.) zile curgătoare (m contarea staliilor) ~ - down clause - (mar.) clauza coliziunii / abordajului ~ interest - dobândă curentă ~ number mark - număr de ordine (al coletului de marfa) ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare generală / flotantă RUN-RYE

~ repair - reparaţie curentă ~ term - termen curent ~ work - funcţionare continuă ~ working days - (mar.) zile de lucru curgătoare (m contarea staliilor) rural adj. rural ~ credit society - societate de credit agricol ~ economy - economie mrală/agricolă rush 5-. afluenţă (de clientelă) adj. 1. aglomerat 2. urgent ~ hour - oră de vârf (de trafic) ~ order - comandă urgentă ~ season - sezon de vârf rye s. secară ~ terms - (mar.) condiţii -contractuale de livrare a secarei / grânelor

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294 SMA-SOL investitori cu experienţă; investitori cu experienţă smash s. faliment, crah v.i. a da faliment smuggle v.t. a face contrabandă cu 2. (in) a introduce sau a importa prin contrabandă 3. (out) a scoate sau a exporta prin contrabandă v.i. a face contrabandă; a fi contrabandist smuggler s. contrabandist smuggling s. contrabandă snake s. (fin.) şarpe (monetar); principiul „şarpelui în tunel" {adoptat de CEE pentru a controla fluctuaţiile zilnice ale valutelor ţărilor-membre faţă de dolar) snap adj. neaşteptat, neprevăzut v.t. (up) a prinde (un chilipir, o ocazie) ~ check - control neprevăzut (la locul de munca) soar v.i. a creşte/a urca putemic {despre preţurî) social adj. social; public ~ accounting - contabilitate socială/ naţională ~ audit - audit social (justifîcarea costurilor şi beneficiilor impuse societâţii de întreprinderi) ~ balance sheet - bilanţ social (asupra locurilor de munca) ~ costs - costuri sociale ~ inflation - inflaţie socială (creşterea primelor poliţelor de asigurare ale societâţilor de asigurare datorită unor procese etc.) ~ insurance - asigurări sociale ~ insurance fund - fond/casă de asigurări sociale - marketing - marketing social ~ (overhead) capital - infrastructură

~ overheads - servich edilitare/ municipale ~ responsibility - responsabilitate socială (a firmelor pentru bunul mers al societăţii în generaî) ~ security - asistenţă socială; (SUA) asigurări sociale ~ security taxes - impozite de asigu- rări sociale ~ service - serviciu social ~ standing - poziţie socială ~ status - stare/condiţie socială ~ welfare - asistenţă socială ~ work - (activitate de) asistenţă socială ~ worker - asistent social socialism s. socialism socialist adj., s. socialist ~ economy - economie socialistă society s. societate; asociaţie socioeconomic adj. socioeconomic ~ grade - grup socioeconomic soft adj. moale ~ currency - valută neconvertibilă ~ drink - băutură nealcoolică ~ goods - măsură de folosinţă scurtă; produse textile (yândute ca material) - loan - credit preferenţial (cu termeni favorabili de rambursare) ~ market - piaţă cu preţuri instabile (pentru că oferta este mai mare decât cererea) ~ money - bancnotă, monedă de hârtie ~ sell(ing) - vânzare neagresivă/prin reclamă persuasivă soil s. sol, pământ, teren ~ improvement - ameliorare a solului ~ science - pedologie ~ scientist - pedolog sola s. cambie într-un singur exemplar sole adj. singur, unic; exclusiv

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SOL-SPA 295 •-- agent - reprezentant exclusiv, agent unic (al unei companii într-o anumită zonă) ~ of exchange - cambie într-un singur exemplar ~ exporter - exportator exclusiv ~ legatee - (dr.) legatar universal ~ owner/proprietor - proprietar unic, singur proprietar - right - drept exclusiv ~ trader - asociat unic ~ weight - greutate proprie solicitor s. 1. avocat consultant (care are voie sâ pledeze numai în instanţele inferioare); jurisconsult 2. (SUA) agent comercial 3. solicitant, petitionar ~ general - şef al contenciosului ~ 's department - contencios ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al avocatului solvability v. solvency solvable v. solvent solvency s. (fin.) solvabilitate ~ ratio - indice de solvabilitate solvent adj. solvabil ~ debtor - debitor solvabil ~ demand - cerere solvabilă sort s. fel, gen, categorie; sort, sortiment v.t. a sorta, a tria, a clasa sortable adj. sortabil, care poate fi triat/clasat sorter s. maşină de sortare, trior, sortator sorting s. sortare, triere, clasificare ~ by consignee - sortare a mărfurilor la destinaţie ~ by marks - sortare a mărfurilor pe baza mărcilor de pe ambalaj sound adj. 1. intact, întreg, în bună stare 2. solid, sigur, solvabil (despre o firma) 3. (dr.) legal, legitim, real

~ condition - stare bună (a mârfurilor) ~ currency - monedă stabilă ~ finance - politică financiară stabilă ~ fîrm - fîrmă solvabilă ~ quality - calitate bună (a produselor) ~ title - titlu de proprietate legal to be a ~ man - a avea credit pe piaţă source s. sursă (de aprovizionare etc.) ~ document - (cont.) document-sursă (facturi, note deplată etc.) ~ s and uses of funds - (cont.) surse şi utilizări ale fondurilor sovereign adj. suveran, independent ~ rating - (fin.) notare a riscului de ţară ~ risk - risc de suveranitate (riscul exproprierii activelor unei filiale străine de către ţara-gazdă sau restricţii neprevâzute asupra fluxurilor de numerar către compania-mama} sow v.t., v.i. a semăna, a însămânţa sower s. semănător; semănătoare sowing s. semănat, însămânţare ~ machine - semănătoare ~ seed - sămânţă ~ time - semănat, vremea semănatului spa s. 1. izvor de ape minerale 2. staţiune balneară span s. capacitate ~ of control,- (man.) capacitate de control (numărul optim de subordonaţi asupra căruia managerul poate exercita un control eficient) space s. 1. spatiu 2. interval de timp v.t. (şi ~ out) 1. a spaţia, a aşeza/a dispune din loc în loc 2. a eşalona (plăţile) ~ saving - economie de spaţiu spare adj. 1. de rezervă, de schimb 2. disponibil, liber, excedentar s. 1. surplus, excedent 2. piesă de rezervă/schimb v.î. 1. a economisi, a

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s sack s. sac; continut al unui sac v.t. a însăcui, a pune în saci ~ - filling machine - maşină de umplut saci ~ packer - maşină de însăcuit/ambalat în saci sackcloth s. pânză de sac sacking s. 1. însăcuire, ambalare/ punere în saci 2. pânzâ de sac sacrifîce s. sacrificiu, pierdere v.t. a vinde în pierdere ~ price - preţ de sacrificiu/sub preţul de cost ~ sale - vânzare în pierdere to sell at a ~ - a vinde în pierdere saddle v.t. a împovăra (cu datorii, impozite) safe adj. 1. sigur 2. intact, în bune condiţii s. seif, casă de bani ~ and full delivery - (cow.) livrare completă în bune condiţii ~ arrival - (mar.) sosire în bune condiţii ~ - conduct - permis de liberă trecere ~ custody - custodie/păstrare sigură (serviciu bancar) ~ customer - client sigur/serios ~ deposit - seif, casă de bani ~ handling - manipulare sigură/fară pericol ~ house - firmă serioasă ~ investment - investiţie sigură ~ load — sarcină maximă admisă; încărcătură nepericuloasă ~ port - port sigur (din punctul de vedere al încărcării sau al descărcării)

~ procedure - tehnica securităţii muncii, măsuri de protecţia muncii safeguard s. 1. garanţie, siguranţă 2. dispozitiv de protecţie v.t. a apâra, a proteja (o industrie) safeguarding s. apărare, protejare adj. de apărare/protejare ~ duties - taxe de protejare (a produ- selor indigene) safety s. siguranţă, securitate ~ coefficient - coeficient de siguranţă ~ education - pregătire de tehnica protecţiei muncii ~ engineer - tehnician responsabil cu aplicarea măsurilor de protecţia muncii ~ factor - factor de siguranţă ~ margin - maijă de siguranţă ~ prescriptions/regulations - norme de tehnica protecţiei muncii ~ specifications - specificaţii tehnice pentm asigurarea protecţiei muncii ~ stock ~ stoc-tampon/de siguranţă (stocuri suplimentare pâstrate ca rezervă în caz de întârziere a producţiei, a livrărilor etc.) ~ vault - cameră/galerie de valori, tezaur (intr-o banca} sag s. scădere (a preţurilor) v.i. a scâdea {despre preţurî) sagging s. scâdere, depresiune adj. în scâdere ~ market - piaţă în scădere sail v.i. a naviga sailing s. navigaţie ~ advice — aviz de expediţie pe mare ~ area - raion de navigaţie

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274 SAI-SAL ~ date - data plecării (navei) ~ draft/draught - pescaj de plecare ~ permit - permis de plecare (a navei) sailor s. marinar ~ boy - elev-marinar, mus ~'s pass - camet de marinar salariat s. salariaţi, categoria salaria- ţilor salaried adj. salariat ~ employee/man - salariat salary s. salariu (mai ales de funcţionar) v. t. a salariza ~ bracket - clasă/categorie de sala- rizare ~ earner - salariat ~ savings insurance - asigurare de viaţâ cu prime achitate/reţinute din salariu ~ scale - grilă de salarizare ~ tax - impozit pe salarii sale s. 1. vânzare 2. licitaţie 3. (co/n.) sold ~ and leaseback - vânzare şi leaseback ~ as seen - vânzare imediată (fară garanţii privind starea mârfil) ~ book - facturier ~ by auction - vânzare la licitaţie ~ by description - vânzare conform descrierii (fâcute mărfii de vânzâtor) ~ by/on commision - vânzare în comision ~ by/on sample - vânzare pe bază de mostre ~ by order of the court - vânzare silită ~ by private treaty - vânzare pe bază de acord privat ~ by sealed tender - vânzare pe bază de ofertă închisă

~ contract - contract de vânzare: (bur.) borderou de vânzare ~ for cash - vânzare cu plata în numerar ~ for future delivery - vânzare cu livrare la termen ~ for the account/settlement - (bur.) vânzare la termen ~ goods - solduri; mărfuri de calitate inferioară ~ invoice - factură de vânzare ~ note - borderou de vânzare ~ of work - vânzare de articole fâcute sau aduse de acasă (de către membrii unei asociaţii pentru a colecta ţondurî) ~ on approval/approbation - vânzare condiţionată ~ on arrival - vânzare la sosire (a mărfurilor) ~ on credit - vânzare pe credit ~ on trial - vânzare de probă ~ or return - cumpărare de probâ (cumpărâtorul putând restitui marfa) ~ price - preţ de vânzare; preţ de sold ~ room - sală de licitaţii ~ s account - (cont.) cont de vânzări ~ s agent/representative - agent de vânzări, reprezentant comercial ~ s analysis - analiză a vânzărilor ~ s apathy/resistance - apatie/ rezis- tenţă la cumpărare (m ciuda reclamei) ~ s average - media vânzărilor ~ s book - registru de vânzări ~ s budget - buget/estimare a(l) vânzărilor ~ s campaign/drive - campanie de vânzări ~ s channels - canale de distribuţie (a mărfii) ~ s coverage - acoperire a posibilită- ţilor de vânzare (raportul dintre

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SAL 275 numărul estimat de clienţi şi numărul pe care îl poate deservi un agent de vânzări) ~ s department - serviciu comercial/ de vânzări ~ s depth test - analiza vânzărilor în adâncime (de la primirea comenzii până la expedierea mărfii şi a facturilor) ~ s exhibition - expoziţie cu vânzare ~ s fînance company - societate de credite pentru vânzări în rate (ale bunurilor defolosinţâ îndelungată) ~ s forecast - prognoză a vânzărilor ~ s incentive - stimulent pentru vânzări (oferit agentului de vânzâri) ~ s leaflet - foaie de reclamă, prospect ~ s letter - scrisoare de reclamă ~ s literature — literatură comercială (reclame, broşuri, cataloage etc.) ~ s manager - director comercial; şef al serviciului de vânzări ~ s mix - asortiment în vânzare ~ s outlet - debuşeu, piaţă de desfacere ~ s potential - potenţial de vânzare ~ s promotion - promovare a vânzărilor ~ s quota - cotă de vânzări (a unui agent de vânzări) ~ s response function - funcţia de stimulare a vânzărilor (relaţia dintre activitatea de marketing şi nivelul vânzărilor) ~ s returns book - (cont.) registru de mărfuri retumate/refuzate ~ s reyenue - încasări din vânzări ~ s tax - impozit pe preţul cu amă- nuntul; impozit pe circulaţia mărfurilor (perceput în fiecare etapă a procesului de distribuţie)

~ territory/zone - arie a vânzărilor (de care râspunde un agent de vânzâri) ~ value - valoare comercială; valoare la vânzare sal(e)ability s. vandabilitate sal(e)able adj. vandabil ~ value - valoare comercială saleless adj. nevandabil salesclerk s. vânzâtor, vânzătoare salesgirl s. vânzătoare saleslady s. (SUA) vânzătoare salesman s. 1. vânzător; comerciant 2. comisionar, intermediar comercial; agent / reprezentant comercial 3. angro- sist salesmanship s. tehnica/abilitatea de a vinde salespeople s. (SUA) personal care se ocupă cu vânzările, vânzători; comer- cianţi saleswoman v. salesgirl salient adj. evident, caracteristic; predominant ~ atribute - atribut evident/ caracte- ristic (al unuiprodus) salvage s. 1. salvare (a unei nave), asistenţă maritimâ; ranfluare 2. mărfuri salvate, încărcătură recuperată; navă salvată 3. remuneraţie/primă de salvare v.t. 1. a salva (o navă'); a ranflua 2. a recupera (o încărcătură prin salvare) ~ agreement - contract de salvare ~ award - hotărâre judecătorească de salvare ~ bond/lien - drept de retenţie şi privilegiu pentru remuneraţia de salvare ~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli de salvare

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276 SAL-SAV

~ claim - solicitare a remuneratiei de salvare ~ clause - clauza salvării ~ company - companie de salvare ~ department/service - serviciu de salvare ~ loss - pierdere la salvare ~ money/remuneration - remuneraţie/ primă de salvare ~ operations/works - operaţii/lucrări de salvare ~ tug - remorcher de salvare ~ value - valoare a bunurilor salvate; valoare reziduală (yaloarea unui activ de capital la sfârşitul perioadei speci- ficate; în problemele de alocare a capitalului, ea reprezintă preţul actual pepiaţă al unui activ la mâna a doud) ~ vessel - navă de salvare salvaging s. operaţii/lucrări de salvare salvor s. salvator, persoană sau navă care participă la operaţii/lucrări de salvare ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al salvatorului sample s. mostră, eşantion, probă v.t. a eşantiona, a preleva mostre din, a lua probe de ~ assortment/collection - colecţie de mostre ~ book - album de mostre ~ card - carton/colecţie de eşantioane (de materiale textile) ~ fair - târg de mostre ~ folder - mapă cu mostre ~ man - probagiu (la sonde) ~ of fabric/work - probă de lucm (in industria textila) ~ offer - ofertă însotită de mostre ~ order - comandă de probă ~ piece - model, eşantion

~ post - mostră fâră valoare (menţiune pe un colet de mostre) ~ signature - specimen de semnătură ~ survey - anchetă prin sondaj sampler s. 1. aparat/sondă pentru prelevare de probe 2. probagiu sampling s. eşantionare, prelevare de mostre/probe * ~ device - aparat/dispozitiv de luat probe ~ error - eroare de eşantionare ~ range - extindere a prelevării de mostre ~ works - laborator de probe sanction s. 1. sanctiune, pedeapsă 2. sancţionare, aprobare v.t. 1. a sancţiona, a pedepsi 2. a sancţiona, a aproba (o lege) sandwich s. sandviş ~ board - reclamă pe pancarte (care se prind în faţa şi în spatele omului care le poarta) ~ man - om-reclamă (care poartă reclame) sanitary adj. sanitar ~ articles - articole sanitare ~ certificate - certificat sanitar ~ inspector - inspector sanitar satellite s. satelit adj. subordonat (unei autorităţi centrale), dependent ~ office - birou/oficiu-satelit (filială) ~ town - oraş-satelit (dependent eco-nomic de un oraş mai mare) saturation s. saturatie ~ point - punct/limită de saturaţie save v.t. a economisi, a face economie de ~ as you earn scheme - sistem de economisire din salariu (prin care se scade regulat o sumă de bani din salariu)

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SAV-SCH 277 saver s. 1. persoană econoamâ 2. economizor saving adj. 1. econom 2. restrictiv, care introduce o restricţie (despre o clauzâ) s. economie; pl. economii, sumă economisită ~ clause - clauză restrictivâ ~ s account - cont de economii ~ s and loan association - (SUA) asociatie de economii şi credite ~ s bank - bancă de economii ~ s bond - obligaţiune de economii ~ s book - libret de economii ~ s certificate - certificat (de titluri de valoare) de economii ~ s ratio - rata economiilor (din venitul personal disponibil) scale s. 1. scală, scară (a unui instru- ment) 2 pl. cântar, balanţă 3. tarif 4. nivel; scară, proportie v.t. 1. a repre- zenta la scară (o hartâ) 2. a cântări 3. (down) a reduce (preţuri) 4. (up) a ridica (preţuri) ~ charge/rate - preţ tarifar ~ of living - nivel de trai ~ of prices - gamă de preţuri ~ of production - nivel al producţiei ~ ofwages - trepte de salarizare ~ test - verificare a cântarelor scalp v.t. (SUA) 1. a vinde sau a cumpăra (acţiuni) sub cursul oficial (in scopul unui profît mic şi rapid) 2. a revinde (bilete) peste preţul oficial scalper s. (SUA) speculant (de acţiunî) scarce adj. insuficient, redus, puţin ~ currency - devize insuficiente (pe piaţa de schimb) ~ goods - penurie de bunuri to be ~ of - a duce lipsă de scarcity s. 1. penurie, lipsă, insufici- enţă 2. scumpete

~ of capital - lipsâ de capital ~ of labour - lipsă de mână de lucm ~ price/value - preţ supraevaluat din cauza insufîcienţei mărfii ~ rent - arendă suplimentară (plâtită pentru terenuri când acestea sunt insuficiente) schedule s. 1. plan, schemă 2. (com.) listă, borderou; inventar; nomenclator 3. tarif 4. tabel, grafic; orar 5. (dr.) anexă, notă explicativă v.t. 1. a trece pe o listâ, a înregistra 2. a programa, a planifica 3. (dr.) a anexa, a adăuga ca anexă ~ approach - (cont.) abordare planifi-cată (pentru elaborarea situaţiei fluxului de numerar) ~ of demand - structură a cererii ~ of prices - listă de preţuri ~ speed - viteză comercială ~ tare - (SUA) tară conform tarifului vamal ~ tax - impozit conform categoriei de impunere ~ work - muncă conform graficului to arrive on ~ - a sosi conform orarului scheduled adj. 1. programat, planificat 2. tarifar ~ investment - investiţie planificată ~ payment - plată planificată/scadentă la o dată precizată ~ price - preţ tarifar ~ services - servicii regulate ~ tax - impozit conform categoriei de impunere scheduling s. programare (a obiecti-velor etc.); planifîcare calendaristică scheme s. schemă, plan; proiect; sistem ~ of composition / arrangement between debtor and creditors - (dr.)

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278 SCH-SEA concordat, aranjament între debitor şi creditori (in caz defaliment) scientifîc adj. ştiinţific ~ research - cercetare ştiinţifică ~ researcher - cercetător ştiinţific scrap î. deşeu, rebut, material rebutat; fier vechi v.t. a da la rebut; a da la fier vechi ~ iron - fier vechi ~ paper - maculatură screening s. {man.) screening, selectare, alegere (a celei mai bune altemative) scrip s. 1. certificat provizoriu (de acţiuni, obligaţiuni etc.)', chitanţă 2. acţiune suplimentară emisă în contul dividendelor 3. bon valoric ~ dividend - dividend plătit prin certificat provizoriu (care prevede plata în numerar la o dată ulterioarâ specificată) ~ issue - emisiune de acţiuni gratuite {către acţionarii unei societâţi), capitalizarea rezervelor scripholder s. deţinător de certificate provizorii etc. sea s. mare adj. maritim, referitor la mare ~ carriage - transport maritim ~ carrier - cărăuş maritim ~ - damaged goods - mărfuri avariate de apa de mare ~ - damaged terms - clauza „avariilor de mare" (în transporîul de cereale) ~ farming - maricultură ~ fishery - pescuit maritim ~ fleet - flotă maritimă ~ freight - navlu maritim ~ harbour/port - port maritim ~ insurance - asigurare maritimă ~ law - drept maritim

~ league - leghe marină (aproximativ trei mile marine) ~ mile - milă marină/nautică

passage/transit - traversadă maritimă ~ pay - remuneratie pentru serviciul pemare ~ pipe - conductă marină (pentru transportul produselor petroliere) ~ route - mtă maritimă ~ ship - navă maritimâ ~ shipping - navigaţie maritimă; transport maritim ~ trade - comert maritim ~ trading company - companie de navigaţie maritimă ~ traffîc - trafic maritim seaboard s. litoral, coastă maritimă adj. litoral ~ markets - pieţe/debuşeuri pe coastă ~ town - oraş maritim/de coastă seaborne adj. transportat pe mare; maritim -trade - comerţ maritim seagoing adj. maritim, de navigaţie ~ freight - navlu; marfă transportată pe mare ~ ship/vessel - navă maritimă ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor maritime seal s. 1. sigiliu, plombă/plumb de garanţie 2. ştampilă v.t. 1. a sigila, a plumbui 2. a ştampila, a autoriza, a confirma (prin aplicarea ştampileî) sealed adj. sigilat; ştampilat ~ tender - ofertă închisă/sigilată (la licitaţie) seaman s. marinar; matelot ~ apprentice/boy - elev-marinar, mus ~'s free cargo - bunuri ale echipajului scutite de navlu seamen s. pl. echipaj de navă

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SEA-SEC 279 ~'s lien - drept de retenţie şi privilegiu al echipajului (asupra navei şi încărcăttirii în cazul neplâţii salariilor) search s. căutare, cercetare 2. perche- ziţie; control, inspecţie v.t. 1. a căuta, a cerceta 2. a percheziţiona; a controla, a inspecta ~ unemployment - şomaj temporar (pânâ la gâsirea unuiposf} ~ warrant - mandat de percheziţie searcher s. perchezitor; vameş seaside s. 1. litoral 2. statiune de coastă/litoral adj. referitor la coastă/litoral ~ resort - staţiune pe litoral season s. sezon ~ ticket - (c.f.) abonament seasonal adj. sezonier, de sezon ~ articles - articole de sezon ~ demand - cerere sezonieră ~ employment - serviciu sezonier ~ fluctuations/swings/variations - fluctuaţii/variaţii sezoniere ~ port - port sezonier ~ prices - preţuri sezoniere ~ trade - comerţ sezonier ~ unemployment - şomaj sezonier ~ worker - muncitor sezonier seaworthy adj. în stare de navigabilitate, capabil să tină marea (despre o navă) ~ packing - ambalaj maritim second 1. num., adj. fal) doilea 2. s. pl. mărfuri de calitatea a doua — best/-chop/-class/-rate - (de) calita- tea a doua ~ bottom working - (mar.) operare în dană dublă ~ - class paper - efect de comerţ de clasa a doua ~ endorser - al doilea andosator

~ - half - referitor la a doua jumătate (a anului financiar) ~ - hand - de ocazie, vechi, uzat ~ - hand dealer - comerciant de mărfuri de ocazie ~ - hand shop - magazin de mărfuri de ocazie ~ - hand tonnage - tonaj al navelor învechite ~ - mortgage - a doua ipotecă; reipo- tecare ~ via/of exchange - al doilea exemplar al cambiei secondary adj. secundar ~ bank - bancă secundară, societate de credit (care finanţează achiziţionarea de bunuri cu plata în rate) ~ earner - persoană care nu este singurul sau principalul salariat într-o familie ~ industry - industria secundară (care utilizeazâ resursele industriei primare) ~ liability ~ (asig.) răspundere condiţionată/secundară ~ market - piaţă secundară (piaţa pe care sunt tranzacţionate acţiunile după ce aufost emise) ~ occupations - meserii din sectorul industriei secundare ~ production - producţie secundară (fabricarea de produse finite din materii prime şi realizarea de construcţii civile) secret adj. secret ~ reserve - (cont.) rezervă secretă/ ascunsă (delict de bilanţ care constă în denaturarea înregistrârilor contabile prin subevaluarea activelor) secretariat s. secretariat (serviciu, birou) secretary s. secretar

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280 SEC-SEL ~ - general - secretar general secure adj. garantat, asigurat v.t. 1. a garanta, a asigura 2. a obţine (comenzi, beneficii etc.) secured adj. garantat, asigurat - creditor - creditor cu garanţie ~ debt - creanţă garantată ~ loan - împrumut garantat ~ note - notă de debit garantată (prin care un bun prezentat drept garanţie poate fi pretins de creditor ca plată a datoriei) securitization s. (fin.) conversia împmmutului în titluri de valoare {tendinţa marilor societâţi de a emite titluri de valoare pentru a nu mai recurge la crediîe bancare) security s. 1. securitate, siguranţă 2. garantie, gaj 3. garant, girant 4. pl. (fîn.) titluri/ hârtii de valoare ~ capital - capital plasat în investiţii sigure ~ exchange/market - bursă de valori ~ holdings - portofoliu de titluri de valoare ~ interest - dobândă de asigurare (pe care creditorul o primeşte de pe urma proprietâţii debitorului pentru asigura- rea plăţii unui credit) ~ means - tehnica securităţii muncii ~ paper - hârtie pentru emisiuni de valoare/bancnote ~ printer - maşină de tipărit bancnote/ titluri de valoare ~ printing offîce - tipografie de bancnote, monetărie ~ trust -. fond de plasare a titlurilor de valoare, societate de investitii seed s. sămânţă ~ capital - capital iniţial (necesar pomirii unei afaceri)

segmentation >s'. segmentare (a pieţeî) seigniorage s. profit obţinut de stat din emiterea/baterea monedei seize v.t. a confisca; a sechestra seizin s. (dr.) 1. stăpânire a unei proprietăţi funciare; act de posesiune a unei proprietăţi fanciare 2. proprietate fimciară seizure s. confiscare; sechestru, punere de sechestru ~ note - act de confiscare a încărcăturii ~ of movable property - sechestru asupra bunurilor mobiliare ~ of real estate/property - sechestru asupra bunurilor imobiliare ~ under a prior claim - sechestru în revendicare ~ under legal process - sechestru judiciar selective adj. selectiv ~ distribution - distribuire selectivă (a produselor, operatâ de producâtor câtre anumiţi detailişti) self pref. auto ~ - acting - automat ~ - assessment - autoevaluare a impu- nerii (sistem practicat în unele ţări prin care contribuabilul îşi calculează singur cuantumul impozitelar) ~ - contained - independent, autonom ~ - employed worker - lucrător pe cont propriu (in propria afacere) ~ - financing - reinvestire a profitului, autofinanţare ~ - insurance - autoasigurare ~ - liquidating loan - împrumut cu autolichiditate (împrumut pentru finan- ţarea activelor curente) ~ - service - autoservire

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SEL 281 ~ - sufficiency - autoaprovizionare; independenţă economică sell v.t. 1. a vinde, a desface (mărfuri) 2. (off) a vinde cu rabat 3. (out) a lichida, a vinde tot (stocul) 4. (up) a lichida, a vinde tot (stocuiy, a vinde la licitaţie (averea unui falit) v.i. 1. a vinde, a face vânzare; a face comert 2. a se vinde, a avea căutare to ~ afloat - (mar.) a vinde mărfuri în expediţie to ~ again - a revinde to ~ at best - a vinde la preţul sau cursul cel mai avantajos to ~ at a discount - a vinde cu reducere to ~ at a loss - a vinde în pierdere to ~ at a premium/profit - a vinde cu profit to ~ at/by auction - a vinde la licitatie to ~ badly/heavily - a vinde greu, a nu avea căutare to ~ by/on sample - a se vinde pe bază de mostră to ~ by weight - a vinde la greutate to ~ cheap - a vinde ieftin to ~ dear - a vinde scump to ~ for a lump sum - vânzare glo- bală/în bloc (yânzare contra unei sume globale pentru mărfuri nedeterminate prin cântârire, volum, numârare etc.) to ~ for cash - a vinde contra numerar to ~ for delivery - a vinde cu acoperire to ~ for spot delivery - a vinde din disponibil to ~ forward - a vinde la termen to ~ in bulk - a vinde în vrac to ~ on commission - a vinde cu comision to ~ on credit - a vinde pe credit to ~ on trial - a vinde de probă

to ~ over the counter - a vinde în magazin to ~ readily/well - a se vinde bine, a avea câutare to ~ short - a vinde fară acoperire to ~ to arrive - a vinde la sosirea (mârfurilor) seller s. 1. vânzător 2. marfă căutată/ care se vinde bine ~ in possession - vânzător în posesia mărfii ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al vânzătorului ~ s' market - piaţa vânzătorilor, piaţă cu cererea mai mare decât oferta ~ s' monopoly - oligopol ~ s no buyers - (bur.) lipsă de cumpărători ~ 's option - (bur.) la alegerea vânzătorului (pperaţie prin care vâmătorul îşi poate alege data tranzacţionării efective a acţiunilor într-un interval determinat de timp) ~ 's option to double - (bur.) opţiune care îi dă drept vânzâtorului să vândă un pachet dublu de acţiuni (faţâ de cel convenit) ~s over - ofertă excedentară/care depăşeşte cererea ~'s prices - preţuri ridicate/avantajoase pentru vânzător selling adj. 1. de vânzare/desfacere 2. vandabil ~ agent - agent de vânzari ~ brokerage/commission - comision de vânzări ~ campaign - campanie de vânzări ~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli de vân- zare/desfacere

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282 SEL-SER ~ in - prezentarea de produse sau servicii noi (reţelei de distribuţie îna- inte de lansarea pe piaţâ) ~ licence - licenţă/autorizaţie de vânzare ~ limit - limită de vânzare

monopoly - monopol asupra vânzărilor ~ order - ordin de vânzare ~ out - (bur.) vânzare integralâ (de acţiuni care nu au fost achitate de cumpârător până la data stabilită) ~ pressure - afluenţă a ofertelor de vânzare ~ price - preţ de vânzare/desfacere ~ rate - curs de vânzare ~ short - (bur.) vânzare fâră acoperire (de acţiuni, pe care vânzătorul nu le deţine înca} sellout s. lichidare, vânzare integrală semiannual adj. bianual semidurables s.pl. produse cu durată medie de folosinţă semifinished adj. semifabricat ~ articles/goods/products - articole/ produse semifabricate semimanufactured v. semifinished semimonthly adj. bilunar; chenzinal semiproduct s. semifabricat semiskilled adj. semicalificat ~ worker - muncitor semicalificat send v.t. 1. a trimite, a expedia; a remite, a adresa 2. (back) a retuma 3. (down) a reduce, a scădea (preţuri) 4. (out) a expedia; a distribui v.i. (away for) a comanda prin poştă 2. (for) a face o comandă de sender s. expeditor senior adj. 1. senior, mai în vârstă 2. superior (infuncţie, în grad) ~ clerk - şef de birou

~ debt - datorie preferenţială ~ executive - director executiv ~ lien - drept de retenţie cu privilegiu ~ mortgage - ipotecă preferenţială ~ offîcial - cadru mediu, funcţionar mijlociu ~ partner - asociat principal ~ securities - titluri de valoare preferenţiale ~ shares/stock - actiuni preferenţiale seniority s. vechime m muncă; funcţie superioară ~ wages - spor de fidelitate sentimental adj. sentimental, subiec- tiv ~ damages - daune evaluate subiectiv sequential adj. succesiv ~ sampling - eşantionare succesivă sequester v.t. (dr.) a sechestra sequestrate v. sequester sequestration s. (dr.) sechestru, punere sub sechestru serial adj. în serie ~ bond - obligaţiune m serie (pacheî de obligaţiuni care devin scadente m ani succesivi) ~ number - număr de serie/fabricaţie ~ production - producţie în serie series s. serie servant s. 1. servitor 2. funcţionar serve v.î. 1. a servi (un client); a deservi (popuîaţia); a aproviziona 2. a funcţiona la, a avea serviciu la service s. 1. serviciu, slujbă; funcţie 2. prestare de servicii; servire, deservire; pl. servicii 3. regim de exploatare şi întretinere (a unui utilaj) adj. de serviciu; de întreţinere v.t. 1. a servi, a deservi 2. a întreţine, a face revizia (unui utilaj)

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SER-SET 283 ~ agreement - contract de muncă; garanţie, serviciu de întreţinere ~ charge - taxă pentru servicii ~ contract - contract de colaborare (prin care o companie angajeazâ o persoană într-o funcţie de conducere) ~ department - sector de servicii ~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj de exploatare

industry - industria terţiară/ serviciilor ~ instructions - instrucţiuni de folo-sire; regulament intem de funcţionare {al unei întreprinderi) ~ life - durată de funcţionare/viaţă (a unui utilaj) ~ passport - paşaport de serviciu ~ regulations - regulament de serviciu ~ station - staţie de întreţinere, service serviceman s. reprezentant al fabricii fumizoare servicing s. 1. efectuare a serviciului datoriei 2. încasare a plăţilor la o ipotecă servitude s. (dr.) servitute session s. sesiune (zi lucrătoare la bursâ) set adj. prestabilit, fixat dinainte; fix s. set; serie; colecţie; gamitură v.t. 1. a pune, a aşeza; a fixa, a stabili 2. (back) a opri dezvoltarea 3. (by) a pune deoparte, a economisi 4. (down) a nota, a înregistra 5. (forth) a explica, a expune, a lămuri; a specifica, a menţiona (într-un contract) 6. (off) a compensa (o datorie) 7. (out) a delimita, a preciza; a expune (pentru vânzare) 8. (up) a întemeia, a fonda (o firmă etc.)', a organiza, a iniţia ~ form of a letter - scrisoare-tip ~ of bills - set/serie de cambii

~ of samples - colectie/serie de mostre ~ of weights - gamitură de greutăţi ~ price - preţ fix ~ value - valoare prescrisă/cerută setback s. 1. oprire a dezvoltării 2. (bur.) scădere a cursului (care urmează unei perioade de creştere) setoff s. 1. compensaţie, compensare (a unor datorii) 2. daune, despăgubiri settle v.t. 1. a stabili, a fixa (data, preţul) 2. a soluţiona, a reglementa; a încheia, a lichida (o afacere, o tranzacţie) 3. a achita, a plăti (o datorie), a solda (un cont) 4. a aloca, a fixa (o rentă, o chirie etc.) v.i. 1. a se stabili, a-şi alege domiciliul 2. (up^ a achita ceea ce este de plată, a face socoteala, a încheia socotelile settlement s. 1. stabilire, fixare (a datei, a preţului) 1. soluţionare, reglementare; încheiere, lichidare (a unei tranzacţii) 3. achitare, plată (a unei datorii); decontare; soldare (a unui cont) 4. (bur.) lichidare 5. acord, tranzacţie 6. instalare (intr-o locumţâ); domiciliu legal ~ account - cont de lichidare ~ by letter of credit - decontare prin acreditiv ~ by transfer - decontare prin virament ~ day - (bur.) zi de lichidare ~ discount - (com.) reducere pentru plata în numerar ~ of accounts - decontare ~ option - opţiune de plată (pentru o poliţâ de asigurare) ~ price/rate - curs la termen ~ terms (bur.) condiţii de lichidare; (com.) plan de reduceri (acordate

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284 SET-SHA cumpârătorului în funcţie de termenul depîată în numerar) settling s. (bur.) lichidare ~ day - zi de lichidare ~ room - sală de lichidare ~ room clerk - lichidator severable adj. separabil, divizibil ~ contract - contract divizibil (cu obligaţii independente unele de altele) several adj. 1. mai mulţi, mai multe; câţiva, câteva; diverşi, diverse 2. fie- care, diferit, separat 3. (dr.) individual ~ estate - proprietate individuală/ particulară ~ liability/responsibility - răspundere individuală severally adv. separat, distinct; individual, personal severalty s. (dr.) proprietate individu- ală/nesolidară severance s. 1. despărţire, separare 2. desfacere a contractului de muncă 3. (dr.) disjungere (a mai multor procese) ~ pay - compensaţie pentru conce- diere/desfacerea contractului de muncă severe adj. sever, strict; mare, serios, grav ~ competition - concurenţă acerbă ~ loss - pierdere mare/gravă ~ regulations - regulament strict shade 5. nuanţă v.t. a reduce puţin (preţul) ~ price - preţ puţin scăzut (pentru a atrage cumpârători) shamadj. 1. fictiv 2. fals, falsificat share s. 1. participatie (la capitalul unei societâţi pe acţiuni); parte, cotă- -parte 2. acţiune (titlu de valoare) v.t. 1. (şi ~ out) a împărti, a diviza; a distribui 2. a participa la (cheltuieli)

~ allotment form - formular de repar- tizare a acţiunilor ~ bonus - primă în acţiuni ~ capital - capital social ~ certifîcate - certificat de acţiuni ~ index - indice al cursului acţiunilor ~ list - buletin bursier ~ of market - poziţie pe piaţă (a unei societăţi) ~ of the profits - cotă-parte din beneficiu ~ option - tranzacţie cu opţiune (prin care acţiuni sunt tranzacţionate la datâ şi preţ specificat) ~ premium - primă de acţiune (diferenţa dintre preţul acţiunii şi valoarea sa nominală) ~ prices - curs al acţiunilor ~ repurchase - răscumpărare de acţiuni ~ split - divizare a acţiunii (în alte acţiuni cu valoare mai micâ) ~ transfer - transfer/vânzare de acţiuni ~ s of no par value - acţiimi fară valoare nominală ~ s to bearer - acţiuni la purtător to ~ alike - a împărti în mod egal to ~ jointly - a copartaja sharecrop v.t., v.i. a cultiva (pămân- tuV) ca dijmaş sharecropper s. dijmaş sharehawking s. (bur.) plasare de acţiuni lipsite de valoare shareholder s. acţionar ~ s'benefits - beneficii/avantaje ale acţionarilor ~ s'equity - capital propriu, capitalul acţionarilor (deţinâtori de acţiuni comune)

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SHA-SHI 285 ~ s'funds - fondurile acţionarilor (m termeni contabili, valoarea activelor finnei minus pasivuî) ~ s'meeting - adunarea acţionarilor ~ s'register - registml acţionarilor shareholding s. pachet de acţiuni sharepushing v. sharehawking sharing s. 1. participare 2. împărţire, divizare; distribuire shelfs. raft, poliţă, etajeră ~ life - (com.) termen de garanţie; durată de depozitare ~ space - spaţiu comercial/de expunere (a produselor într-un magazin) shell s. înveliş; carcasă

company - societate fictivă/ neoperantă (înfiinţată cu scopul de a fi vândută) shelter s. refugiu; apărare, protecţie v.t. a apăra, a proteja ~ port - port de refugiu sheltered adj. protecţionist; protejat ~ industry - industrie protejată (împo-triva concurenţei străine) shift s. 1. schimbare; variaţie 2. schimb (de lucru), tură v.t., v.i. a (se) schimba ~ differential - primă de post ~ in the function - schimbare în conţinutul unei funcţii ~ labour - muncă în schimburi/ture ~ of crops - asolament, rotaţie a culturilor ~ of stowage - (mar.) dezarimare, deplasare a caricului shifting adj. mobil, schimbător s. 1. schimbare, deplasare (a încărcâturii) 1. (mar.) manevră de schimbare a danei; plată pentru manevra de schimbare a danei ~ board - (mar.) şiftingbord, separaţie longitudinală (în magazia cu cereale)

~ damage - (mar.) avarie produsă de deplasarea încărcăturii ship s. navă, vapor v.t. 1. a îmbarca 2. a expedia, a transporta (pe cale maritimă) v.i. 1. a se îmbarca 2. a se angaja ca marinar ~ agent - agent maritim/de navlosire/al navei ~ bill of lading - conosament pentru mărfurile încărcate ~ brokerage - brokeraj/curtaj maritim ~ cargo manifest - manifest de marfa încărcată ~ chandlery - fumituri maritime ~ channel - canal maritim/navigabil, pasă de navigaţie ~ delivery - franco bord ~ hour - (SUA) orâ-navă (unitate de măsură a duratei de staţionare a navei pentru operare) ~ in ballast - navă în balast (fâră încărcâtură) ~ in commission/service — navă în serviciu/exploatare ~ in laden condition - navâ încărcată ~ list - listă de echipaj ~ loader - încărcător de navă ~ mortgage - ipotecă maritimă (pe nava) ~ out of commission - navă deza- rmată/scoasă din exploatare ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare casco ~ receipt - ordin de imbarco, recipisa secundului ~ 's accomodation craft - navă de păstrare temporară a mărfurilor (neîncărcate în termen) ~ 's allotments - credite de exploatare a navei

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sm 286

~ 's appropriation - repartizare a excedentului de mărfuri (pe partizi de beneficiari) ~ 's articles - rol de echipaj, contract de angajare ~ 's certificate of registry - certificat de înregistrare a navei ~ 's chandler - agent de aprovizionare a navei, fumizor naval/maritim ~ 's class - clasă a navei ~ 's classification - clasificare a navei ~ 's clearance - lichidare în vamă ~ 's clearance inwards - lichidare în vamă la sosirea navei ~ 's clearance outwards - lichidare în vamă la plecarea navei ~ 's days - stalii ~ 's favour - metodă de calcul a încăr- căturii favorabilă armatorului ~ 's husband - administrator al navei ~ 's ledger - listă de echipaj, rol de echipaj -- 's manifest - manifest al navei ~ 's option - opţiune a armatorului de calculare a navlului (in funcţie de greutatea sau volumul mărfurilor) ~ 's papers - acte/documente ale navei ~ 's register - cartea tehnică a navei; societate de clasificarea navelor ~ 's registered tonnage - tonaj-re- gistm al navei ~ 's registry - înregistrare/ înmatri- culare a navei ~ 's registry offîce - registru naval ~ 's release - ordin de livrare ~ 's side - navă ca parte contractantă (cu obligaţii şi drepturî) ~ 's speciHcation - caracteristici tehnice ale navei

~ 's store bond - adeverinţă de vamă pentru folosirea cu exclusivitate la bord a proviziilor ~ 's survey - expertizare a navei ~ 's surveyor - expert maritim/naval, inspector de registru/clasificare ~ - to - ship transfer - transbordare ~ - to - shore discharge - descărcare de pe navă pe chei to fit out a ~ - a arma o navă to lay up a - a scoate o navă din exploatare shipbroker s. broker/curtier maritim shipbuilder s. constructor naval shipbuilding s. constmcţii navale ~ company - societate de construcţii navale ~ dock - doc de construcţii navale ~ establishment/yard - şantier naval ~ facilities - şantiere şi uzine navale ~ lien - drept de privilegiu şi sechestru asupra navei în construcţie ~ port - port cu şantier naval shipful s. caric complet shipload s. caric, încărcătură a navei shipmaster s. comandant de navă (comercialâ) ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al coman- dantului (asupra mărfiî) shipment s. 1. încărcare (a navei) 1. caric, încărcătură de navă; partidă de marfa 3. transport naval, expediere/ transport de mărfiiri (pe mare) shipowner s. proprietar de navă, armator ~ 's lien - drept de retenţie al arma- torului (asupra mărfii) shippable adj. transportabil pe mare (despre mărfuri) shipped adj. încărcat pe navă; expediat

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SHI 287 ~ bill of lading - conosament pentru mărfuri încărcate - quality - calitate la încărcare ~ weight - greutate încărcatâ shipper s. încărcător de navă; expeditor de mărfuri ~ service - serviciu de expediţie ~ 's export declaration - declaraţie de export a încărcătorului ~ 's guarantee — scrisoare de garanţie a încărcătorului ~ 's load and account - încărcare în contul încărcătorului ~ 's load and tally - încărcare şi pontare în contul încărcătorului ~ 's manifest - manifest al încăr- cătorului ~ 's option - opţiune a încârcătorului ~ 's papers - documente de încărcare ~ 's protest - protest al încărcătomlui ~ 's risk - risc al încărcătorului ~ 's weight - greutate stabilită de încărcător shipping adj. maritim, naval s. 1. în- cărcare, expediere, transport de mărfuri (cu nava); navigaţie, trafic maritim 2. flotă comercială maritimă; tonaj global ~ agency - agenţie maritimă/de navi- gaţie ~ agent - agent maritim/de expediţie ~and forwarding agent - agent de încărcare şi expediţie ~ and handling charges - taxe de încărcare şi manipulare ~ authority - autoritate maritimă ~ availability - tonaj disponibil pentru transport ~ bid - ofertă de transport maritim ~ bill - permis vamal de încărcare; aviz de retumare a taxelor pentru mărfurile de reexport

~ business - afaceri maritime, trans- porturi maritime ~ case - tară ~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli de transport ~ company - companie de navigaţie ~ conference/ring - cartel maritim (al armatorilor) ~ deficit - deficit de tonaj ~ department - serviciu/birou de expediţie ~ depot - depozit al expeditorului de mărfuri ~ documents - documente de export ~ end - port/punct de descărcare ~ exchange - bursă maritimă ~ facilities - mijloace de transport; instalaţii portuare de operare {incărcare-descărcare) ~ freight - navlu-tramp ~ industry - întreprindere/companie de transporturi maritime; activitate de transporturi maritime ~ instructions - ordin de încărcare; instrucţiuni de încărcare sau expediere a mărfurilor ~ lane/route - drum de navigaţie; drum maritim comercial ~ law/legislation - legislaţia transpor- turilormaritime ~ line - linie de navigaţie ~ list - listă a navelor pregătite pentru încărcare ~ manifest - manifest de marfâ încărcată ~ note - aviz/notă de încărcare şi expediţie ~ offîce - agenţie de navigaţie; oficiu de recepţionare a mărfurilor ~ order - dispoziţie de încărcare

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288 SHI-SHO ~ personnel - echipaj de navă comer- cială ~ pier - chei de încărcare ~ port - port de încârcare ~- rate - normă de încărcare ~ receipt - dovadă de îmbarcare a mărfurilor ~ request - cerere de transport ~ room/space - spaţiu de încărcare (al naveî) ~ schedule - grafic de transport ~ season - sezon de navigatie ~ shares - acţiuni ale unei companii de navigaţie ~ specifications - declaratie de export ~ time - durată a transportului pe mare ~ ton - tonă de încărcare/transport ~ value - valoare a mârfurilor încărcate (la plecare) ~ valuer - evaluator al încărcăturii ~ weight - greutate a caricului shipwreck s. 1. naufragiu 2. epavă v.i. a naufragia, a eşua shipyard s. şantier naval shop s. 1. magazin; prăvălie; debit (de tutun, bâuturi spirtoase) 2. atelier (de fabrică) v.i. a face cumpărături ~ accident - accident de exploatare ~ assistant - vânzător, vânzătoare ~ audit - analiză a vânzărilor cu amă- nuntul (debuşeuri, stocuri, publicitate etc.) ~ bill - listă de preţuri ~ foreman - şef de atelier ~ front - galantar; vitrină ~ premises - local de atelier ~ - soiled - care şi-a pierdut prospeţimea (despre o marjd, după expunerea în magazin) ~ steward - delegat sindical de atelier ~ test - probă de atelier

shopgirl s. vânzătoare shopkeeper s. negustor, comerciant {cu magazin) shopkeeping s. negustorie, comerţ shoplifting s. furt din magazin shopman s. 1. negustor, comerciant 2. vânzător shopper s. cumpărător, client shopping 5'. 1. cumpărături, târguieli 2. amplasamente comerciale; mărfuri adj. referitor la cumpărături, de cumpă- rături, comercial ~ centre - centru comercial ~ street - stradă comercialâ ~ week - săptămână a vânzărilor promoţionale to do one's ~ - a-şi face cumpărăturile to go ~ - a se duce la cumpărături shopwalker s. supraveghetor (intr-un magazin universal); şefde raion shopwindow s. vitrină shore s. ţărm, coastă, litoral adj. costier, de coastă •- area - zonâ costieră ~ fishery - pescuit costier shoreman s. 1. locuitor de pe coastă 2. pescar de coastă 3. docher 4. proprietar de pescador short adj. 1. scurt; redus 2. incomplet, insuficient, deficitar 3. fară acoperire (despre acţiuni, mârfuri, recolte care nu sunt disponibile în momentul vânzării, mizându-se pe obţinerea lor pânâ la tranzacţia efectivă) adv. 1. pe termen scurt 2. fară acoperire s. 1. vânzare fâră acoperire; titluri de valoare sau mărfuri farâ acoperire 2. persoană care vinde fară acoperire 3. manco; lipsă, minus (dintr-o cantitate, marfa)

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SHO 289 ~ account - cont al vânzătorului/ vânzărilor fară acoperire ~ bill - cambie la vedere ~ boards/ends - (mar.) scurtături de cherestea {marfă de umplutura)

covering - (bur.), acoperire insuficientă, poziţie descoperită ~ • dated - pe termen scurt ~ day - program redus de lucru ~ delivery - livrare incompletă, lipsă la livrare ~ -handed - cu personal/mână de lucru insuficient(ă) ~ haul - transport pe distanţă scurtă; cabotaj ~ - haul ship/vessel - navă de cabotaj ~ hundredweight - chintal scurt ~ - landed - descărcat/predat în minus (faţâ de documente) ~ lease - concesiune scurtă (yalabilă pentru maipuţin de 50 de anî) ~ loan - împrumut pe termen scurt ~ of content - lipsă din conţinut (in cazul recipientelor cu mărfuri Uchide) ~ of stock - {bur.} lipsă de acţiuni/ acoperire ~ • paid - francat insuficient (despre o scrisoare) ~ position - (bur.) pozitie descoperită (vânzarefară acoperire) ~ rate - dobândă la vedere (penîru cecuri şi cambii) ~ sale - (bur.) vânzare fară acoperire (de acţiuni sau mârfuri pe care vânzătorul nu le deţine încă) ~ - sea coaster/ship/vessel - cabotier, navă de cabotaj mic ~ - sea shipping - navigaţie de cabotaj ~ • sea trade - mic cabotaj (intre porturi naţionale din aceeaşi mare)

~ shipment - (mar.) marfa rămasă neîncărcată (din lipsă de spaţiu) ~ shipping - navigaţie pe distanţă scurtă ~ squeeze - inflaţie de penurie (când oferta insuficientă exercită presiuni de mârire aprefurilor) - - term - pe termen scurt; la vedere ~ - time working - program redus de lucru ~ ton - tonă scurtă/americană ~ - trial balance - bilanţ de inventar ~ weight - lipsă la cântar; greutate în minus (la predare) to be ~ of hands - a duce lipsă de mână de lucru to be in ~ supply - a fi deficitar/în cantităţi insuficiente to be on - time - a lucra cu normă parţială/program redus to fall ~ in weight - a fi sub greutatea prevăzută to fall ~ of the amount - a fi sub suma prevăzută to give ~ weight - a da lipsă la cântar shortage s. criză, penurie, lipsă, deficit ~ cost - cost de penurie ~ in the cash - manco de casă ~ in weight - lipsă la cântar/greutate ~ materials - materiale deficitare -- of capital - lipsă de capital short-change v.t. a nu da restul cuvenit (cuiva care a plâtit cu bancnotă sau monedă mare) shortfall s. lipsă, defîcit shorting s. (bur.) vânzare fară acoperire (de acţiuni sau mărfuri pe care vânzătorul nu le define înca) show s. 1. spectacol 2. expoziţie v.t. a expune, a prezenta ~ bill - afiş publicitar

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290 SHO-SIL ~ business - show business, industria spectacolelor ~ card - panou, reclamă ~ of hands - vot prin ridicarea mâinii ~ window - vitrină showcase s. vitrină, galantar v.t. a expune, a prezenta showplace s. punct de atractie turisticâ showroom s. sală de expoziţie shrink v.i. a se micşora, a se contracta shrinkage s. 1. micşorare, contractare; pierderi prin contractare/uscare (la unele mârfurî) 1. pierdere în stoc shut adj. închis s. închidere v.t. 1. a închide 2. (down) a închide (o între- prindere); a întrempe (funcţionarea, exploatarea); a decupla (o instalaţie} 3. (off) a închide, a tăia (gazele, electri- citatea etc.) 4. (out) a interzice (accesul, intrarea); a exclude, a nu încărca (o parte din marfa) shutdown s. închidere (a unei între- prinderî); întrerupere (a funcţionârii, a exploatâriî); decuplare (a unei instalaţiî) shutout s. interzicere/oprire a accesului (muncitorilor înfabricâ) sick adj. 1. referitor la boală, de boalâ 2. neproductiv (despre sol) ~ allowance/benefit/pay - ajutor/ indemnizaţie de boală ~ leave - concediu de boală sight s. vedere; prezentare ~ bill - cambie la vedere ~ deposit account - cont de depuneri la vedere ~ draft - trată la vedere ~ entry - declaraţie vamală preliminară ~ rate - dobândă la vedere (pentru cecuri şi cambii)

sign s. 1. semn, marcă 2. firmă; reclamă v.t. 1. a însemna, a marca cu un semn 2. a semna, a iscăli 3. (away) a semna transfeml sau renunţarea la (o proprietate) 4. (off) a renunţa la (un drept) 5. (up) a angaja (intr-o funcţie); a înscrie {la un curs) v.i. 1. (for) a semna de primire pentru; a primi cu forme legale 2. (in) a se înregistra (la hoteî) 3. (off) a semna condica (la ieşirea din serviciu) 4. (on, up) a se angaja, a fi angajat to ~ in blank - a semna în alb to ~ jointly - a semna în mod solidar to ~ on behalf of smb. - a semna în numele cuiva to ~ per pro - a semna prin procură signatory adj. semnatar s. semnatar, parte semnatară ~ power - împutemicire de a semna signature s. semnâtură ~ book - registru de semnături autorizate ~ card - carte de vizită cu specimen de semnătură ~ loan - împmmut contra semnăturâ (credit care nu necesitâ garanţii suplimentare) ~ of the firm - semnătură socială ~ stamp - ştampilă cu semnătură signboard s. firmă (la magazin) signed adj. semnat ~ personally/in own hand - semnat personal/manM propria signer s. semnatar signet s. 1. sigiliu 2. ştampilă v.t. a pune sigiliul pe; a ştampila silent adj. tăcut ~ partner - partener/asociat puţm cunoscut (care nu ia parte activâ la afacerî); comanditar

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SIL-SIT 291 silo s. siloz v.t. a însiloza silver s. argint ~ bullion - argint în lingouri ~ certifîcates - (SUA) titluri cu acoperire în argint ~ standard - (fîn.) etalon-argint simple adj. simplu ~ arbitration - arbitraj valutar simplu ~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie particulară ~ contract - contract verbal; contract sub semnătură privatâ ~ credit - acreditiv simplu/neconfirmat ~ debenture - obligaţiune chirografară ~ interest - dobândă simplâ ~ reproduction - reproducţie simplă (a capitalului) ~ share - acţiune simplă/comună simulation s. simulare (tehnicâ prin care evenimentele viitoare probabile sunt simulate pe calculator) sinecure s. sinecură sinecurist s. sinecurist single adj. 1. singur, umc 2. simplu s. (c.f.) bilet pentru o singură călătorie ~ bill - exemplar unic al cambiei ~ bond — obligaţiune simplă/fără condiţii (deplatâ) ~ chartering - navlosire simplă ~ cost - preţ de cost pe unitate de marfa ~ - entry bookkeeping - contabilitate în partidă simplă ~ fare - preţ al biletului simplu/de dus ~ guarantee - garanţie unică ~ liability - (asig. mar.) răspundere unică (in caz de colmune); (SUA) răspundere unică (in limita capitalului investit) ~ - line fîrm - firmă specializatâ într-o singură gamă/linie de produse

~ market - piaţă unică ~ option - opţiune unică (care dă drept fie de cnmpârare fie de vânzare) ~ payment - achitare într-o singură tranşă - -plant monopoly - monopol bazat pe o singură întreprindere ~ standard - (fin.) etalon metalic unic, monometalism ~ tariff - tarif unic ~ tax - impozit unic ~ ticket - bilet simplu/de dus ~ -trip charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire pentru un singur voiaj ~ - trip container - container neretumabil ~ -use goods - mărfuri de folosinţă scurtă sink v.t. 1. a scufunda (o nava) 2. a amortiza (un împrumut) 3. a investi, a plasa (fonduri) 4. a pierde (bani prin investiţii nerentabile) 4. a determina scăderea (nivelului de trai) v.i. 1. a se scufunda 2. a scâdea, a se micşora (despre preţuri); a se ieftini sinking adj. care se scufundă s. 1. scufundare (a unei nave) 2. amortizare (a unui împrumut) 3. pierdere (de bani prin investiţii nerentabile), plasament dezavantajos ~ fund - fond de amortizare sister s. soră ~ company - societate - soră (aparţinând aceluiaşi holding) ~ ship/vessel - navă de serie; navă apartinând aceluiaşi armator ~ -ship clause - (asig. mar.) clauza navei de serie sit v.i. 1. a sta, a şedea 2. a se întruni, a se reuni; a fî în şedinţă 3. (in, on) a face parte (din), a fi membru (în)

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srr-SLE

292

~ -down strike - grevă italiană/la locul de muncă ~ •in - grevă la locul de muncă; protest social (CM ocuparea unui local etc.) site s. 1. poziţie, loc, amplasament 2. şantier; teren (de construcţie) v.t. a amplasa (o construcţie) ~ facilities - instalaţii de şantier ~ office - birou de şantier ~ plan - plan de ansamblu/ amplasament - road - dmm de şantier sitting s. şedinţă, întrunire, adunare situation s. 1. poziţie, amplasare (a unui obiectiv) 2. situaţie, stare (economică) 3. post, serviciu ~ rent - rentă diferenţială (rentă funciară suplimentară obţinută pentru un teren mai fertil, mai bine amplasat eîc.) - report - raport de afaceri ~ s vacant - oferte de serviciu ~ s wanted - cereri de serviciu to be in a - - a fi angajat, a avea serviciu to be out of a - - a fî fară serviciu

size s. 1. mărime, măsurâ, dimensiune 2. (com.) număr, măsură, talie 3. format (de carte, hârtie etc.) v.t. a clasa, a sorta (după mărime, dimensiune) -of-the-firm effect - efectul dimen- siunii firmei (firmele mici înregistrează rate de rentabilitate mai bune decât firmele mari) sizing s. clasare, sortare (după mărime, dimensiune) skeleton s. schelet; schemă, structurâ adj.Tedus la elementele fundamentale ~ contract - contract-cadru - law - lege-cadru

~ staff - personal redus skill s. pricepere, competenţă (tehnicâ); calificare (a muncitorilor) skilled adj. calificat •~ labour - muncă calificată; mână de lucru calificată ~ personnel - personal calificat ~ trades - meserii care necesită o calificare •~ work - muncă calificatâ ~ worker - muncitor calificat skimming s. luarea spumei/cremei (stabilire de preţuri maxime pentru un produs nou care nu este încâ afectat de concurenţâ) skipper s. comandant de cabotier, comandant de pescador slack adj. slab (despre activităţi economice) s. inactivitate, acalmie ~ business - lipsă de afaceri, stagnare economică ~ demand - cerere slabă ~ season - sezon mort slacken v.i. a stagna (despre activitâfi economice) slackening s. diminuare, reducere (a comenzilor) slackness s. stagnare (economică) slash s. reducere drastică/substanţialâ (de preţuri etc.) v.t. a reduce drastic/substanţial (preţuri) slaughter s. tâiere, sacrificare (a vitelor) v.t. a tâia, a sacrifica (vite) ~ weight - greutate de sacrificare slaughterhouse s. abator slavery s. sclavie sleeping adj. inactiv ~ partner - partener/asociat puţin cunoscut (care nu ia parte activâ la afaceri); comanditar

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SLE-SMA

~ patent - brevet neutilizat (brevet al unui produs care nu este introdus în circuitul comercial) sliding adj. variabil, ajustabil - scale price - preţ ajustabil ~ trend - (bur.) scădere accentuată a preţurilor slight adj. uşor, neînsemnat ~ damage - avarie uşoară ~ fluctuation - fluctuaţie uşoarâ sling (mar.) s. coţadă (de marja) v.t. a coţa ~ load/of cargo - coţadă de marfa slinging s. (mar.) 1. coţare (a mărfurilor) 2. cheltuieli de coţare slogan s. slogan (publicitar) slot s. orificiu (pentru introdus monede) ~ machine - automat (pentru vânzarea de bilete, ţigări etc.) ~ meter - contor electric (care funcţioneazâ cu monede) slow adj. 1. lent, încet 2. inactiv, stagnant (despre afaceri) v.t. a încetini (dezvoltarea) ~ assets - active stagnante (care nu pot fi vândute rapid contra numerar) ~ goods - (c./) marfa de mică viteză ~ sale - vânzare lentă ~ train - tren personal slowdown s. încetinire a ritmului de lucru (formâ de protest a muncitorilor fdră declanşarea efectivâ a grevei) sluggish adj. inactiv; redus, lent, slab ~ demand - cerere redusă ~ market - piaţă inactivă/cu activitate redusă slump s. scădere bruscă, prăbuşire (a cursurilor bursiere); criză, depresiune (economicâ) v.i. a scâdea bmsc, a se prăbuşi (despre cursuri bursiere)

293

~ in the dollar - scâdere bruscă a cursului dolarului slumpflation s. depresiune economică cu inflaţie small adj. mic, redus ~ and medium - sized companies - societăţi/întreprinderi mici şi mijlocii ~ business - întreprindere mică ~ cattle - vite mici/mărunte ~ change/coin/money - bani mămnţi, mărunţiş ~ (classifîed) advertisement - mica publicitate ~ (- coast) trade - micul cabotaj (între porturile naţionale din aceeaşi mare) ~ gross - mic gros (mâsurâ echivalentă cu 12 duzini, 144 de obiecte) - holding - fermă mică ~ income - venit mic/redus ~ income relief - reducere a impozitelor pentru veniturile mici ~ industry - mica industrie ~ loan company - societate speciali- zată în acordarea de credite rambur- sabile în rate (pentru achiziţionarea unor bunuri defolosinţă îndelungatâ) ~ plant operation - întreprindere mică; atelier meşteşugăresc ~ sample - eşantion, mostră ~ - scale production - producţie în serie mică ~ - sized - mic, de dimensiuni mici ~ stowage - (mar.) marfa de umplere (a spaţiului râmas gol dupâ stivuire) ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor mici ~ ware - mercerie; articole de fîerârie/menaj smart adj. inteligent, abil

money - despăgubire pentru rezilierea contractului; bani plasaţi de

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296 SPA-SPE pune de o parte 2. a avea disponibil/în excedent 3. a întrebuinţa, a gospodări cu economie/chibzuinţă 4. a ceda, renunţa la v.i. a fi econom, a trăi cu economie ~ capital - capital disponibil ~ cash - numerar disponibil ~ money - economii ~ part — piesă de rezervă/schimb ~ stowage - (mar.) spaţiu liber pentru arimare ~ time - timp liber sparer s. bun gospodar, persoanâ care ştie să se gospodăreascâ sparing adj. econom, chibzuit s.pl. economii, bani economisiţi special adj. 1. special, particular 2. expres, urgent (despre corespondenţă, ordine, dispoziţii) s. 1. ediţie specială 2. tren special ~ acceptance - acceptare specială/cu rezerve (a unei cambii) ~ account - cont special/separat ~ bank credit plan - linie de credit bancarâ specială ~ charges - cheltuieli speciale/ suplimentare ~ contract - (dr.~) contract sub sigiliu privat ~ correspondent - corespondent special (al unui ziar, al unui post de televiziune etc.) ~ crossing - barare specialâ (a unui cec) ~ delivery - distribuire expresă/urgentă (a poştei) ~ dividend - dividend suplimentar ~ drawing rights - (fin.) drepturi speciale de tragere (ale ţârilor-membre ale FMI) - edition - ediţie specială

~ endorsement - andosare specială/ nominală

interest - grup de interese (corporaţie, grup de oameni de afaceri care solicitâ facilităţi, îndeosebi de naturâ legislativă) ~ offer - ofertă specială (pfertă de produse la preţuri scâzute) ~ order - comandâ specială •-- partner - asociat în participaţie (CM răspundere în limitele capitalului investit într-ofirmâ)

partnership - societate în participaţie •- power (of attorney) - procurâ specială ~ price - preţ special/de favoare ~ tax bond - obligaţiune (municipală) garantată prin încasarea unui impozit specialism s. specializare excesivă/ îngustă specialist s. specialist, expert speciality s. 1. particularitate, caracteristică, trăsătură distinctivâ 2. specialitate, domeniu principal de activitate; specialitate, produs principal ~ fund - fond mutual specializat (fn anumite tipuri de investiţiî) ~ store - magazin specializat specialization s. specializare (fn cadrul diviziunii muncii) specialize v.t. a specializa, a restrânge la o specialitate/un domeniu (de studii) v.i. (m) a se specializa (m); a fi specialist (m), a avea ca specialitate specialty s. 1. particularitate, trâsăturâ distinctivă 2. specialitate, domeniu principal de activitate; specialitate, produs principal 3. {dr.) contract sub sigiliu privat specie s. monedă metalică

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SPE 297 ~ points - (fin.) puncte de aur {limitele în tre care oscilează rata de schimb a doua valute cn etalon aur, în condiţiile circulaţiei libere a aurului între ţârî) specific adj. 1. specific 2. determinat, anumit ~ amount - sumă determinată ~ capital - capital fix specific (cu anumită întrebuinţare în procesul de producţie) ~ consumption - consum specific ~ duty - taxă vamală fixă (pe cantitatea de marja) ~ market - piaţă specifică ~ tax - taxă fixă (pe cantitatea de marfa) ~ weight - greutate specificâ specification s. 1. specificare, menţio-nare 2. specificaţie, listă; descriere precisă; deviz descriptiv 3. clauză (contractualâ) 4. pl. specificaţii/ prescripţii tehnice; norme, conditii 5. pl. caiet de sarcini ~ conditions - caiet de sarcini ~ of charge - (dr.) cap de acuzaţie ~ of the goods - specificare a mărfurilor ~ of weight - specificare a greutăţii ~ s for delivery - norme/condiţii de livrare ~ s of quality - condiţii tehnice de calitate specify v.t. a specifica, a enumera (amănunţit); a preciza, a determina specified adj. specificat; precizat, determinat ~ account— conţ detaliat/amănunţit ~ load ,- încărcătură prevăzută/ prescrisă specimen s. 1. şpecimen; model 2. mostră, eşantion

~ of cheque - model de cec ~ of signature - specimen de semnătură speculate v.i. a specula, a agiota, ajuca la bursă to ~ for a fall - a specula ă la baisse to ~ for a rise - a specula â la hausse to ~ in differences - a specula asupra diferenţelor de curs to - on the stock exchange - a agiota, ajuca labursă speculative adj. speculativ, în vederea speculaţiei; riscant, hazardat (despre operaţii financiare) ~ balance - sold speculativ (sold de numerar pâstrat pentru a permite unei firme săprofite de orice oportunitate) ~ buying - cumpărări speculative ~ demand - cerere speculativâ ~ investments - investiţii speculative (cumpdrarea de acţiuni sau mărfuri în vederea revânzării lor) ~ market - piaţă de speculaţii ~ operations - operaţii/tranzacţii speculative/riscante ' ~ risk - risc al speculaţiei ~ selling - vânzări speculative speculator s. speculator; agiotor speed s. viteză v.t. (şi ~ up) a grăbi, a accelera (producţia) ~ goods - mărfuri de mare viteză ~ - up - accelerare (a producţieî) spend v.t. 1. a cheltui; a întrebuinţa 2. a epuiza, a consuma (m întregime) v.i. 1. a cheltui; a fi cheltuitor 2. a se consuma; a se uza 3. a fi bogat, a produce mult (despre zâcăminte) spending adj. de cheltuială s. cheltuială; cheltuire ~ capacity/power - putere de cumpă-rare

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298 SPE-SPO ~ money - bani de cheltuială/buzunar spendthrift adj., s. cheltuitor, risipitor spent adj. 1. consumat, epuizat 2. (mar.) în balast la sfârşit de voiaj (cu apa, combustibilul, materialele de întreţinere consumate) - condition - (mar.) cu magaziile goale/fară încărcătură; cu încărcătură completă (dar cu rezervele de apă, combustibil, materiale de întreţinere consumate) spin-off s. 1. (SUA) proces de reorganizare a unei societâţi pe acţiuni prin care acţiunile unei filiale sunt transferate companiei centrale fără participarea la capitalul acesteia din urmă 2. produs secundar, derivat spiral s. spirală (inflaţionista} v.i. a creşte sau a scădea în spirală (despre preţuri) split s. împărţire, divizare, adj. împărtit, divizat v.t. (şi ~ up) a împărţi, a diviza ~ order - (bur.) comandă executată la preţuri diferenţiale ~ - off - proces de reorganizare a unei societâţi pe acţiuni prin care acţiunile unei filiale sunt îransferate companiei centrale contra participârii la capitalul acesteia din urmă ~ prices - preţuri diferenţiale (pentru acelaşi produs pe pieţe diferite) ~ share - acţiune divizată (m alte acţiuni cu valoare mai mică) ~ shift - schimb de lucru divizat (in două sau mai multe ture pentru a acoperi orele de vârf) ~ -up - proces de reorganizare a unei societâţi pe acţiuni prin care toate activele şi acţiunile sunt schimbate contra celor două sau mai multe

societăţi rezultate din lichidarea companiei centrale spoil v.t., v.i. a (se) strica; a (se) deteriora to ~ the market - strica piaţa spoilage s. 1. stricare; deteriorare, alterare 2. rebut, deşeuri sponsor s. sponsor v.t. a sponsoriza sponsorship s. sponsorizare spontaneous adj. spontan ~ accounts - (cont.) conturi spontane (conturi din bilanţ şi situaţia venitului care se schimbă o datd cu modificarea vânzărilor) ~ financing - finanţare spontană (finanţare, cum ar fi creditul comercial, rezultată din derularea normalâ a unei afacerî) spot s. 1. spot, disponibil, marfa disponibilă/cu livrare imediată 2. spot/anunţ publicitar (la radio şi televiziune) adj. disponibil, cu livrare imediată ~ announcement/broadcast - spot publicitar ~ cash - plată în numerar la livrare ~ contract - contract spot/pentru disponibil

deal/transaction - operaţie/ tranzacţie cu plata m numerar la livrare; operaţie/tranzacţie cu marfa disponibilă ~ delivery - livrare imediată ~ docking - (mar.) punere imediată la dispoziţie a navei ~ exchange - valută pentm derularea livrărilor imediate

goods - disponibil, mărfuri disponibile/cu livrare imediată ~ market - piaţa spot/disponibilului; piaţă cu plata în numerar la livrare

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SPO-STA 299 ~ price - preţ spot/pentru livrarea imediată ~ quotation - cotare pentru disponibil ~ rate - tarif pentru mandat/transfer telegrafic ~ trader - comerciant cu livrarea imediată a mărfii spread s. 1. întindere, răspândire; difiizare, propagare 2. spread, diferenţă (dintre preţul pe care un dealer de valori mobiliare îl oferâ pentru titlurile de valoare şi preţul la care le revinde, dintre preţurile pentru livrările spot saufutures) 3. gama de clase diferite de titluri de valoare (incluse într-un portofoliu de investiţii) 4. (bur.) (SUA) optiune dublă, stelaj cu preţuri diferite (unul pentru put, altul pentru call) 5. pl. diferenţa de randament (dintre obligaţiunile naţionale şi cele internaţionale) 6. (asig.) repartizare, împărţire (a unui risc), reasigurare v.t. 1. a întinde, a răspândi; a difuza, a propaga 2. (/m.) a eşalona 3. a repartiza, a împărti (un risc), a reasigura

management - managementul operaţiunilor de spread spreadsheet s. (cont.) desfaşurător ~ approach - metoda desfaşurătorului (pentru elaborarea situaţiei jîuxului de numerar) spurious adj. fals, falsificat, contra-facut squander s. risipă v.t. a risipi (bani) squanderer s. risipitor, persoană risipitoare squatter s. (dr.) ocupant ilegal/abuziv (al unui teren sau al unui imobil) squeeze s. 1. constrângere; stoarcere, smulgere (de banî) 2. control al masei

monetare (exercitat de guvem pentru a limita inflaţia) v.t. 1. a constrânge, a presa; a stoarce, a smulge (banî) 1. a controla, a restrânge (masa monetară) stability s. stabilitate (economică, politică) stabilization s. stabilizare ~ fund - fond de stabilizare (a monedei naţionale) ~ loan - împrumut în vederea stabilizării ~ policy - politică de stabilizare stabilize v.t. a stabiliza (preţurî) stabilizers ^. pl. stabilizatori (eco- nomici) stable adj. stabil ~ currency - monedă stabilă stack s. stivă (de marfa) v.t. a stivui, a aşeza în stive stacker s. stivuitor; elevator staff s. 1. personal, salariaţi; cadre 2. conducere (a unei întreprinderi) v.t. a încadra cu personal ~ changes - schimbări de personal ~ costs - cheltuieli de personal; salarii ~ department - serviciu de personal; departament central/de coordonare ~ manager - director al serviciului de personal ~ - pattern - structură a personalului; model (optim) de utilizare a salariaţilor ~ recruitment - recrutare de personal ~ reduction - reducere de personal ~ restaurant - cantină ~ shares - acţiuni ale salariaţilor staffîng s. angajare de personal ~ schedule - plan de personal; stat de funcţii stag s. speculant de bursă v.i. a specula la bursă (prin subscrierea la emisiuni

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300 STA

noi pentru a vinde ulterior acţiunile cu profit) stagflation s. stagflaţie stagger v.t. eşalona, a repartiza staggered adj. eşalonat ~ deliveries - livrări eşalonate ~ working day - zi de muncă cu program eşalonat/la ore diferite (alcă-tuit defirmepentru a evita aglomeraţia pe mijloacele de transport) stagnancy s. stagnare (economicâ) stagnant adj. stagnant, inactiv - economy - economie stagnantă ~ market - piaţă moartă/inactivă stagnate v.i. a stagna, a fi inactiv stagnation s. stagnare, inactivitate stake s. 1. miză (lajoc); (.şipl.) premiu, câştig (la cursele de cai) 2. bani riscaţi (inîr-o afacere) v.t. 1. a miza, a pune în joc 2. a risca (bani într-o afacere) stakeholder s. 1. (dr.) depozitar (agent imobiliar sau împuternicit care deţine banii cumpărătorului unei proprietâţi pentru a-i transmîte vânzâtorului) 2. persoană care ţine mizele (la cursele de cai) stale adj. vechi, expirat ~ cheque - cec expirat ~ debt - datorie veche/cu termenul expirat stall s. stand (la o expoziţie); tonetă, tarabă; chioşc, prăvălie ~ rent - taxă de piaţă stallage s. taxă de piaţă; taxă pentru dreptul de a ţine un chioşc stallholder ^. vânzâtor la chioşc; concesionar al unui chioşc stamp s. 1. ştampilă 2. timbru, marcă 3. ştanţâ (pentru bătut monede) 4. marcă, control (la metalele preţioase); marcă (afabricii) v.t. 1. a ştampila 2. a

timbra, a franca 3. a bate (monedâ) 4. a marca (metalele preţioase sau produsele unei fabrici) v.i. a plăti taxa de timbru ~ charges - cheltuieli de timbrare ~ duty/tax - taxă de timbru ~ note - (mar.) permis vamal de încărcare ~ paper - hârtie timbrată stand s. 1. atitudine, poziţie 2. (com.) (perioadă de) stagnare, sezon mort 3. stand {la o expoziţie); tarabă 4. recoltă {de pe o anumită suprafaţă de teren) 5. parcare, staţie (de taxiuri etc.) v.i. 1. a fi valabil, a se menţine (despre un contract) 2. a fi de, a atinge (un preţ, o valoare) 3. (by) a susţine, a sprijini; a fi de acord, a aproba 4. (in) a se alătura, a se asocia; a costa 5. (off) a şoma 6. (out) a refuza (să cedeze, sâ consimtâ) 7. (over) a fi amânat/în suspensie (despre o problemă); a lăsa conturi deschise/nesoldate ~ -by - auxiliar, de rezervâ; de sprijin, disponibil ~ -by agreement/arrangement - acord stand-by (încheiat cu FMI) ~ - by cost - (SUA) cost fix (care nu variazâ în funcţie de volumul producţiei) ~ -by credit - credit stand-by/de sprijin standard s. 1. standard, etalon, tip; normă, model 2. titru, titlu adj. standard; normal, curent ~ agreement - contract-tip ~ brand - marcă de produse standard ~ bullion - lingouri de aur şi argint monetar ~ charge - taxâ uniformă/forfetarâ ~ coin - monedă-tip

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STA 301 ~ commodity - marfa standard ~ costing - evaluare standard a preţului de cost ~ deviation - abatere standard (concept statistic care indică gradul de deviere a unei serii de date faţă de un etalon central) ~ gold - aur monetar/cu titlu legal ~ grade - calitate standard/curentă ~ industrial classification - clasificare industrială standard ~ mark - marcaj standard (pe metalele preţioase) ~ metre - metru-etalon ~ money - unitate monetară oficială (a unei ţări) ~ of alloy - titlu al aliajului ~ of coinage - titlu al monedei ~ of living - nivel de trai ~ of measurement - măsură-etalon ~ of price - etalon al preţului ~ of value - etalon de valoare ~ of weight - greutate-etalon ~ price - preţ curent ~ production - producţie de serie ~ quality - calitate standard - silver - argint monetar/cu titlu legal ~ specifications - specificaţii standard, norme tehnice standardization s. standardizare; nor- mare standardize v.t. a standardiza; a norma standing adj. 1. fix, stabil 2. perma- nent 3. necules; nesecerat ;?. situaţie, reputaţie (a uneifinne) ~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli fixe/ generale ~ committee - comitet permanent ~ crop - recoltă nesecerată/în lan; fond forestier

~ order - ordin de plată la intervale regulate (din cont) ~ price - preţ fix ~ timber - lemn netăiat; fond forestier standstill s. încetare, oprire ~ agreement - acord de reeşalonare a datoriei exteme; moratoriu staple s. 1. produs principal/de bază (al unei ţarî) 2. marfa de serie 3. materie primă 4. magazie, antrepozit; centru comercial adj. 1. principal 2. de larg consum ~ article - articol principal - exports - mărfuri de bază ale exportului ~ industry - industrie principală/de bază start s. început, debut v.t. 1. a începe (o afacere); a lansa (o subscripţie) 2. a fonda, a înfiinţa (o companie) starting s. 1. început 2. fondare, înfiinţare (a unei companii) adj. iniţial, de pomire ~ price - preţ iniţial/de strigare (la licitaţie) state s. 1. stat 2. situaţie, stare adj. statal, de stat v.t. 1. a stabili, a fixa 2. a afirma, a declara - - aided - subvenţionat ~ bank - bancă de stat ~ bond - obligaţiune de stat ~ capitalism - capitalism de stat ~ control - control al statului -- grant - subvenţie de stat ~ - guarantee - cu garanţia statului ~ insurance - asigurări sociale de stat ~ interference - intervenţia statului (m economie), dirijism ~ management - administraţie de stat ~ monopoly - monopol de stat

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302 STA

~ (-owned) enterprise - întreprindere de stat ~ paper - document oficial ~ pensioner - pensionar de stat ~ planning - centralism/planificare economic(ă) ~ property - proprietate de stat stated adj. 1. stabilit, fixat 2. afirmat, declarat ~ capital - capital declarat ~ salary - salariu stabilit/fixat statement s. 1. afirmaţie, declaraţie 2. poziţiei ocupate de o persoană sau un

statistical adj. statistic ~ data - date statistice ~ department - serviciu statistic statistician s. statistician statistics s. statistică status s. 1. status, stare/condiţie socială 2. stare, situaţie 3. statut legal ~ enquiry agency - agenţie de informaţii despre situatia financiară (a uneifîrme) ~ symbol - simbol de status (simbol al

(cont.) extras de cont; situaţie 3. (asig. grup în societate) mar.) dispaşă ~ balance - sold al extrasului de cont; sold final ~ of account - (cont.) extras de cont ~ of affairs - (cont. ( bilanl,,;, bilanţ, de 'îicfatlare \dl unei societafi 'in^Tictiiăare

sau al unui debitor falit) ~ of assets and liabilities - situaţie a activului şi pasivului, bilanţ ~ of claim - (dr.) act de reclamaţie; listă de pretenţii ~ of costs - situaţie a costurilor, cont al cheltuielilor (de producţie) ~ of goods - situaţie a disponibilului de mărfuri stater s. (asig. mar.) dispaşor station s. 1. staţie, gară 2. port, gară maritimă 3. staţie, punct, loc; post ~ bill - (mar.) rol general al navei ~ manager - şefde gară static adj. static ~ economics - economie statică stationer s. papetar ~ 's shop - papetărie stationery s. (articole de) papetărie statism s. economie planificată/dirijată statist 5'. 1. statistician 2. adept al economiei planificate/dirijate

statute s. statut; lege; regulament ~ - barred debt - datorie prescrisă ~ book - cod de legi ~law -jurisprudenţă ~ mile - mi.lă terestră/en%leză ~ ol

Tiimlaîion^s) - \âr7) legea prescripţiei statutory adj. statutar; stabilit/ prevâzut de lege ~ company - societate de servicii publice constituită printr-o lege specială ~ dividend - dividend statutar ~ fee - taxă statutară (cost admi-nistrativ al lichidârii unui împrumut) ~ formality - formalitate legală ~ funds - fond statutar ~ holiday - sărbătoare legală ~ legacy - drept legal de moştenire ~ meeting/report - adunare statutarâ (prima adunare generală a acţiona-rilor) ~ order - ordonanţă cu putere de lege ~ reserve - rezervă legală (a unei bâncî) ~ sick pay - indemnizaţie de boală ~ tenant - arendaş cu drept de a ocupa un teren şi după expirarea contractului

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STA-STI 303 ~ undertaker - concesionar de servicii publice steady adj. 1. stabil, ferm 2. continuu, constant; regulat v.t. a stabiliza (piaţa, fluctuaţiile etc.) ~ demand - cerere constantă ~ market - piaţă stabilă ~ progress - progres continuu/susţinut ~ shipments - (mar.) transporturi regulate steel s. oţel adj. referitor la oţel, din oţel ~ concrete - beton armat ~ industry - industria oţelului steelworks s. oţelărie steelyard s. balanţă romană steep adj. exagerat, exorbitant (despre preţurî) stem (mar.) s. stem, rând de operare v.t. a programa o navă (pentru intrare înport, andocare, operare etc.) ~ date - dată de încărcare ~ note - avizare/notificare de „navă gata de operare" ~ number - număr de rând la operare step s. 1. pas; demers, măsură 2. etapă, fază, treaptă v.t. 1. (down) a micşora, a reduce 2. (up) a mări, a spori ~ action - acţiune/intervenţie în etape/trepte stepped adj. în trepte ~ cost - cost în trepte (cost fîx pâna ce firma ajunge la un nou nivel de activitate comercială, cănd se fixează alt cost) - salary increase - spor de salariu în trepte stere s. ster (unitate de măsură pentru volum) sterling adj. 1. referitor la lira sterlină 2. veritabil, pur; cu titlu legal (despre

metale preţioase) s. 1. liră sterlină 2. standard de puritate (pentru monedele britanice din aur şi arginf) ~ area / bloc - zona lirei sterline ~ balances - solduri' în lire sterline (păstrate în Marea Britanie) ~ gold - aur cu titlu legal ~ security - titlu de valoare plătibil în lire sterline ~ silver - argint cu titlu legal stevedore s. docher, muncitor portuar; stivator, stivuitor v.t. a stivui; a arima ~ equipment - utilaje de stivuire ~ foreman - şef stivator ~ service - serviciu de stivuire; companie de stivuire stevedoring s. stivuire, manipulări maritime; arimare ~ charges - cheltuieli de stivuire / manipulare ~ company - companie de stivuire steward s. 1. administrator (al unei proprietăţi funciare) 2. intendent, econom {al unui colegiu, al unui club) 3. steward (pe un tren, avion etc.) stewardess s. 1. stewardesă (pe un tren, avion etc.) 1. fată de serviciu, menajeră sticker s. 1. etichetă (cu preţul} 2. material publicitar colant ' sticky adj. relativ stabil, cu variaţii mici {despre preţurf) stiff adj. excesiv, piperat (despre preţurî) stipend s. stipendiu, salariu, leafa stipulate v.t. a stipula, a specifica v.i. (for) a stipula, a prevedea, a cere stipulated adj. stipulat, prevăzut, convenit ~ quality - calitate stipulată / convenită

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STI-STO stipulation s. stipulatie, clauză, prevedere stipulator s. stipulator, contractant stock s.l. stoc, cantitate; rezerve, provizii 2. (packet de) acţiuni; drept de acţionar 3. titlu de valoare (emis de stat sau municipalitate) 4. şeptel, inventar viu 5. materiale, unelte; inventar adj. 1. disponibil, în depozit (despre mărfuri, provizii) 2. referitor la actiuni sau titluri 3. referitor la creşterea vitelor v.t. 1. a aproviziona, a fumiza 2. a avea, a ţine (mărfurî) 3. a stoca, a depozita ~ book - registru de magazie ~ certificate - certificat de acţiuni ~ certificate to bearer - certificat de acţiuni la purtător ~ clerk - magaziner ~ company — societate pe actiuni ~ control - gestiune a stocurilor ~ dividend - dividend-acţiune (plâtit în acţiuni suplîmentare şi nu în numerar) ~ exchange - bursă de valori ~ exchange list - buletin bursier ~ fair - târg de vite ~ farm - fermă / crescătorie de vite / animale ~ fund - fond mutual de acţiuni comune ~ index - indice bursier ~ -m-trade - stoc de mărfuri, mărfuri disponibile ~ issue - emisiune de acţiuni ~ list - buletin al bursei; inventar ~ market - bursă de valori; târg de vite ~ number - număr de fabricaţie ~ of capital - rezervă de capital ~ of cash - rezervă de numerar ~ of orders - portofoliu de comenzi

~ option - titluri de valoare cu opţiune (tranzacţionate la dată şi preţ specificat) ~ scrip - certificat provizoriu de acţiuni ~ size - mărime obişnuită / curentă (de articole de îmbrăcăminte) ~ split - divizare a actiunilor (măsură contabilă de creştere a numărului de acţiuni în circulaţie fârâ emisiunea unor acţiuni noî) ~ ticker - telex pentm transmiterea automată a cotaţiilor bursiere ~ turnover - circulaţie/rulare a stocu- rilor ~ valuation - evaluare a stocurilor ~ warrant - (SUA) certificat de acţiuni stockbreeder s. crescâtor de vite stockbroker s. agent de schimb/bursă, broker de titluri stockbroking s. brokeraj, curtaj stockholder s. acţionar ~ of record - (SUA) acţionar posesor de acţiuni nominale ~ s'equity - capital propriu, capitalul acţionarilor (deţinători de acţiuni comune) ~ s'meeting - adunarea acţionarilor stockist s. angrosist (comerciant care se aprovizionează de la un anumit producător, păstrând un anumit stoc de marfă, în schimbul unor bonificaţiî) stockjobber s. agent de bursă (care iniţial făcea tranzacţii numai cu brokerii) stockjobbery s. intermedieri bursiere stockjobbing v. stockjobbery stockman s. 1. crescător de vite 2. magaziner stockpile s. stoc; depozit de materiale v.t. a stoca, a depozita în stoc

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STO 305

stockpiling s. stocare, depozitate în stoc stockroom s. magazie, depozit stocktaking s. inventariere, inventar ~ price - preţ de inventar ~ sale - vânzare / soldare la inventar ~ value - valoare de inventar stockyard s. 1. ţarc de vite; obor de vite 2. teren de depozitare stone 5'. stone (unitate de masurâ pentru greutate) stop s. 1. oprire; retenţie, sechestm (asupra marfii) 2. suspendare, sistare, întrerupere (a livrărilor) v.t. 1. a opri; a reţine, a sechestra (niarfă) 2. a suspenda, a sista, a întrerupe (livrârile') v.i. 1. a se opri, a se întrerupe 2. (over) a face o (scurtă) oprire (m timpul unui circuit turisîic); a face o escală ~ for freight - (mar.) retenţie a mărfii pentru navlu ~ - go policy - politică altemativă de frânare - accelerare (a dezvoltării); (fin.) altemare rapidă a inflaţiei şi deflaţiei ~ loss - (bur.) oprire a pierderilor {prdin către broker de a vinde acţiunile care scad sub o anumitâ valoare) ~ order - ordin (către banca) de încetare a plăţilor (pentru un cec); ordonanţă judecătorească de blocare a unor conturi, fonduri ~ payment -ordin (către bancă) de încetare a plăţilor (pentru un cec) ~ price - curs la care brokerul s-a angajat sâ vândă (pentru a evita pierderi mai mari) stopgap s. măsură provizorie / temporară; expedient adj. provizoriu, temporar

~ loan - împrumut (pe termen scurt) pentru măsuri provizorii / temporare stoppage s.l. oprire, întrempere; încetare a lucmlui, grevă 2. oprire, sechestrare (a mârfîî) 3. reţinere (din salariu) ~ in transitu - oprire (a mărfiî} în tranzit (de câtre furnizor dacd cumpărătorul este insolvabil) storage s. 1. depozitare, înmagazinare 2. depozit, magazie; rezervor ~ capacity - capacitate de depozitare ~ charges - cheltuieli de depozitare ~ factor - grad de utilizare / ocupare al depozitului ~ life - (com.) termen de garanţie; durată de depozitare ~ losses - pierderi la depozitare ~ space - spaţiu de depozitare ~ tank - rezervor ~ vessel - depozit plutitor ~ yard - depozit; teren de depozitare store s. 1. depozit, magazie, antrepozit 2. stoc, rezervă 3. materiale, bunuri 4. magazin, prăvălie; şi pl. magazin universal v.t. 1. a aproviziona 2. a depozita, a înmagazina; a ţine în depozit sau magazin ~ book - registru de mărfuri ~ cattle - vite de came ~ clothes - confecţii ~ ship/vessel - navă - bază stored adj. 1. aprovizionat 2. depozitat, înmagazinat ~ terms - livrat contra warant storehouse s. depozit, magazie, antrepozit storekeeper s. 1. magaziner 2. (SUA) proprietar de magazin, comerciant storeman s. magaziner storeroom s. magazie, depozit

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STO-STR stow v.t. \.(mar.) a stivui; a arima 2. a ambala, a împacheta; a înmagazina stowable adj. stivuibil ~ cargo container - container stivuibil stowage s. l.(mar.) stivuire; arimare 2. spaţiu de stivuire; magazie, cală 3. taxă de stivuire 4. mărfuri stivuite 5. ambalare, împachetare; înmagazinare ~ capacity - capacitate a magaziei ~ certificate - certificat de stivuire ~ diagram - schemă de stivuire ~ factor - indice / factor de stivuire ~ order - instrucţiuni de stivuire ~ plan - plan de încărcare, cargoplan ~ space - spaţiu de stivuire stowaway s. pasager clandestin stower s. (mar.) stivuitor, stivator stowing ^. (mar.) stivuire; arimare ~ certifîcate - certificat de stivuire ~ dimension - gabarit al mărfii stivuite straddle s. (bur.) opţiune dublă / mixtă, stelaj to ~ the market - a face speculaţii pe piaţa bursieră (mizând pe scăderea unor valori sau pe creşterea altord) straight adj. 1. drept; direct 2. corect, cinstit 3. nominal 4.(com.) vândut la preţ fix {indiferent de cantitate) ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament nominal ~ bond -obligaţiune directă (fără opţiuni de convertire) ~ dealing - afacere cinstită ~ letter of credit - acreditiv nominal ~ - line - liniar; cu productie în flux ~ - line method - (cont.) metoda amortizării liniare ~ - line rate - tarif proporţional cu consumul ~ loan - împrumut negarantat

~ - term mortgage loan - credit ipo- tecar cu rambursare integrală la scadenţă strain s. tensiune, încordare (pe piaţâ) ~ on credit - limitare a creditului straits s.pl. jenă fmanciarâ, situaţie critică strap (SUA) s. (bur.) opţiune triplă strategic adj. strategic ~ analysis - (man.) analiză strategică (analiza factorilor-cheie care poî asigura succesul) ~ behaviour - comportament strategic (al unei firme în vederea obţinerii de profituri maxime) ~ business unit - (man.) unitate strategicâ de afaceri (cea mai mică unitate a unei corporaţii care poate aplica o strategie independentâ) ~ •Rt - {man.') armonizare strategică (corelarea dintre strategia companiei şi resursele sale) ~ group - grup strategic (grup de societăţi cu pondere importantâ în cadrul unei industrii care urmează o strategie comunâ) ~ piggybacking - povară strategicâ (domeniu de activitate care funcţio- nează folosind resursele altui domeniu} ~ plan - plan strategic

predisposition - predispoziţie strategică (tendinţa unei societăţi de a urma o anumită strategie pe baza activitâţii trecute şi a activelor sale) ~ raw materials - materii prime de importanţă strategică ~ stocks - rezerve strategice strategy s. strategie streamline v.î. a accelera, a dinamiza (procesul deproducţie) street s. stradă

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STR-SUB 307 ~ loan - împrumut pe termen scurt (24 de ore, pentru agenţii de bursă) ~ market - bursă neoficială ~ name - broker cu titlu neoficial (care deţine acţiuni înregistrate pe numele său, şi nupe cel al clientului cu scopul de a uşura tranzacţia şi ca garanţie câ acesta se va realiza în limitele financiare prestabilite) ~ porter - comisionar ~ price - curs la bursa neoficială - trader - vânzător ambulant; vânzător de mărunţişuri strike s. 1. descoperire (a unui zăcâmânt) 1. succes, noroc, lovitură 3. grevă 4. strike (unitate de măsură pentru capacitate) v.t. 1. a descoperi (un zăcământ) 2. a face (o afacere); a reuşi (in afaceri) 3. a bate (monedă) 4. (off) a reduce, a face un rabat / o reducere de 5. (out) a tăia, a şterge, a radia v.i. a face grevă, a fî în grevă; a declara grevă ~ benefit / pay - indemnizaţie de grevă ~ clause - clauza grevei ~ committee - comitet de grevă ~ movement - mişcare grevistă ~ picket - pichet de grevă ~ price - (bur.) preţ de exercitiu (cursul la care cumpărâtorul unei opţiuni de cumpărare sau vânzare poate dobândi sau ceda activul în cauza) ~ struggle - acţiune / luptă grevistă to be on ~ - a fi în grevă to come out on ~ - a intra în grevă to go on ~ - a face grevă to ~ a balance - a încheia un bilanţ; a solda un cont to ~ it rich - a se îmbogăţi brusc / rapid

to ~ work - a înceta lucml, a intra în grevă strikebreaker s. spărgător de grevă striker s. grevist stringency s. 1. stricteţe, rigoare, severitate; restrângere, limitare 2. lipsă de bani, dificultăţi financiare 3. depresiune, criză (apieţeî) ~ of credit - restrângere a creditului / posibilităţilor de creditare stringent adj. 1. strict, riguros, sever 2. puţin, insuficient (despre bani, capitalun); restrâns, limitat (despre piaţa financiarâ) ~ market - piaţă restrânsă / limitată ~ regulations - dispozitii stricte / riguroase / severe strong adj. solid; ferm, stabil ~ market - piaţă fermă ~ measures - măsuri energice ~ position - situaţie solidă (financiara) ~ prices - preţuri stabile strongbox s. casă de bani, seif strongroom s. tezaur, cameră de valori (într-o bancă) structural adj. structural, de structură *~

analysis - analiză structurală ( a unei ramuri industriale)

change / transformation -modificare / transformare structurală ~ unemployment - şomaj structural (datorat structurii economice) structure s. structură (economicâ, organizatoricâ etc.) stub s. cotor, talon, matcă (de chitanţâ, cec etc.) ~ - card - cartelă cu talon style s. 1. stil, manieră, mod 2. tip, model 3. modă 4. titlu, nume; nume comercial / social v.t. a numi, a denumi subaccount s. subcont

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308 SUB subagent s. subagent subaltern s. subaltem subcharter v.t. (mar.) a subnavlosi subcharterer s. (mar.) subnavlositor, navlositor intermediar subcommission s. subcomisie subcommittee s. subcomitet subcompany s. societate sub controlul altei societăţi subcontract s. subcontract, contract secundar v.t. a subcontracta

programme - program de subantrepriză subcontractor s. 1. subcontractant, subantreprenor 2. subfumizor, fumizor intermediar subdirector .î. subdirector, director adjunct subdivide v.t.,v.i. a (se) subîmpărţi; a (se) subdiviza subject adj. 1. supus; dependent 2. (to) supus/expus la; pasibil de prep. (to) sub rezerva; cu condiţia s. subiect, temă; obiect de studiu, materie v.t. (to) a supune, a expune ~ goods - mărfuri rubricate (intr-un document de transport) ~ matter - subiect, temă; obiect, materie ~ matter insured - obiect asigurat ~ nation - stat dependent ~ open - cu condiţia ca nava să fie disponibilă (clauză de navlosire) ~ to alteration - sub rezerva modificărilor ~ to approval - sub rezerva aprobării ~ to quota restrictions - contingentat ~ to restrictions - supus restricţiilor ~ to safe arrival - cu condiţia sosirii sigure (clauză de navlosire)

~ to the foregoing - sub rezerva celor arătate mai sus subjoin v.t. a adăuga, a anexa subjoinder s. adaos; remarcă adiţio- nală sublease s. subînchiriere; subarendare v.t. a subînchiria; a subarenda subleasing s. subînchiriere; subaren- dare sublessee s. subchiriaş; subarendaş sublessor s. persoană care subînchi- riază sau subarendează sublet v.î. 'd subînchiria; a subarenda sublettable adj. de subînchiriat; de subarendat subletting v. subleasing subliminal adj. subliminal, subcon- ştient ~ advertising - publicitate subliminală submanager v. subdirector submortgage s. subipotecă; reipotecare suboffice.y. sucursală subordinate adj. subordonat, secundar ~ debt - datorie secimdară (datorie care se achitâ numai dupd ce au fost acoperite obligaţiile faţâ de deţinâtorii de acţiuni preferenţiale) subpoena (dr.) s. citatie {implicând amendâ în caz de neprezentare) v.t. a cita subrogate v.t. (dr.) a subroga subrogation s. {dr.) subrogare ~ clause - clauză de subrogare subscribe v.t. 1. a semna, a iscăli 2. a subscrie (o sumă), a contribui cu v.i. 1. a semna, a iscâli, a-şi pune semnătura 2. a subscrie, a contribui 3. a plăti cotizaţii, abonamente etc; a fi abonat subscriber s. 1. semnatar 2. abonat ~ capital - capital subscris the ~ - subsemnatul

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SUB-SUC 309 subscription s. 1. semnare, iscălire; semnătură, iscălitură 2. document / act semnat 3. subscriere; subscripţie, sumă subscrisă; cotizaţie 4. abonament ~ certifîcate - certificat provizoriu de acţiuni ~ form - formular de subscriere ~ list - listă de subscripţii ~ price - preţ de subscripţie ~ right - drept (preferenţial) de subscriere (de acţiuni) subsequent adj. următor; ulterior ~ claims - pretenţii / revendicări ulterioare ~ endorser - următoml andosator ~ holder - următorul deţinător ~ payment - platâ ulterioară; plată suplimentară subsidiary adj. 1. subsidiar, auxiliar, complementar 2. mentinut / întreţinut prin subvenţii s. filialâ ~ account - (cont.) subcont

ledgers - (cont.) cărti mari auxiliare/analitice ~ coin - monedă divizionară ~ company - filială subsidize v.î. a subvenţiona subsidy s. subvenţie, subsidiu subsistence s.î. subzistenţă, existenţă 2. mijloace de trai / existenţâ; resurse ~ agriculture /farming - agricultură de subzistenţă {destinata întreţinerii agricultorului şifamiliei sale) ~ allowance / money - indemnizaţie de câlătorie (in interes de serviciu) ~ crop - recoltă de subzistenţă (care nu este destinată comercializăriî) ~ level - nivel al minimului de existenţă ~ wages - salariu minim/de subzistenţă subsoil s. subsol

substitute s. 1. substitut, înlocuitor 2. schimb, înlocuire 3. surogat ~ ad interim - interimar ~ goods / products - înlocuitori, surogate; imitaţii ~ material - material de înlocuire ~ money - substituţi ai banilor substitution s. substituire, înlocuire ~ effect - efect de substituire (efectul asupra comportamentului cumpărăto- rului cauzat de modificarea preţului unui anumit produs) ~ (price) bond swap - (fin.) operaţiuni de swap prin substituire de obligaţiuni ~ product - produs de substituţie substructure s. infrastructură subtenancy v. subleasing subtenant v. sublessee subtotal s. sumă partialâ suburb s. suburbie suburban adj. suburban ~ area - zonă suburbană suburbanization .y. suburbanizare, extindere a zonei suburbane suburbanize v.t. a suburbaniza, a extinde zona suburbană subvention s. subvenţie succeed v.i. l.(to) a urma, succeda (Za); a moşteni (o proprietate) 1. (in) a reuşi (în afaceri) to ~ to a business - a prelua condu- cerea afacerilor/firmei succeeding adj. 1. urmâtor 2. succesiv ~ account/settlement - (bur.) lichida- rea următoare ~ losses - pierderi succesive ~ planning - planificare succesivă (mai ales a sistemului de conducere şi pregătire a cadrelor) successful adj. care are succes, încununat de succes

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310 SUC-SUP ~ tenderer - adjudecatar succession s. 1. succesiune; serie, şir 2. (dr.) succesiune; moştenire

duty - impozit succesoral/pe moştenire ~ law - drept succesoral ~ of crops — asolament, rotaţie a culturilor successional adj. 1. succesiv 2. (dr.) succesoral successive adj. succesiv ~ endorsements - andosări succesive successor adj. succesor, urmaş; moştenitor sue v.t. 1. a da în judecată, a intenta proces 2. (out) a obţine (o hotârâre judecătorească) v.i. a intenta proces; a cere daune/despăgubiri ~ and labour clause - (asig. mar.) clauză de acţionare şi lucru; clauză de diminuare a pagubelor ~ charges - cheltuieli de judecată sufferance s. permisiune, autorizare; permis ~ wharf - dană de antrepozitare (până la plata taxelor vamale) suit s. proces, urmărire judiciară ~ at law - proces/acţiune civil(ă) sum s. sumă, total v.t. 1. a aduna, a calcula 2. (up) a totaliza; a rezuma, a recapitula ~ due/owning - sumă datorată ~ insured - valoare a poliţei de asigurare, sumă asigurată ~ in words/at length - sumă în litere ~ payable - sumă de plată ~ total - sumă totală/globală summary s. rezumat (al unui document) adj. sumar, scurt ~ dismissal - concediere disciplinară -jurisdiction'-jurisdicţie sumară

~ proceeding (dr.) procedură sumară summit s. summit, conferinţă la nivel înalt adj. la vârf/nivel înalt ~ conference - conferinţă la nivel înalt ~ talks - tratative/negocieri la nivel înalt summons s. citaţie; somaţie; mandat sumptuary adj. somptuar ~ law - lege somptuară ~ tax - taxă somptuară sundries s. pl. 1. articole diverse 2. cheltuieli diverse ~ account - (cont.) cont diverse ~ column - (conr.) coloanâ diverse ~ ledger - (cont.) registru diverse sundry adj. divers ~ account - (cont.) cont diverse ~ debtors - debitori diverse ~ expenses - cheltuieli diverse sunrise s. râsărit de soare ~ industry - industrie nouă/emergentă sunset s. apus de soare ~ industry - industrie în declin superannuate v.t., v.i. a (se) pensiona superannuation s. 1. pensionare 2. pensie ~ contribution - contribuţie pentru pensie ~ fund - fond de pensii supercargo s. (mar.) supercargo (reprezentant pe navă al navlositorului sau al proprietarului mărfiî) superdividend s. dividend suplimentar superfîne adj. extrafin; de calitate superioară superfluous s. ineficient ~ diversifîcations - (/m.) diversificare ineficientă (selecţia a 10 până la 15 active într-un portofoliu) superintend v.t. a supraveghea; a conduce, a administra

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SUP superintendence s. supraveghere; conducere, administrare superintendent s. inspector, controlor; administrator; director tehnic ~ engineer - inginer-şef superior adj. superior; de calitate superioară s. superior; director ~ court - instanţă supremă ~ fînish - finisaj superior ~ goods - mărfuri superioare/de calitate superioară - quality - calitate superioară supermarginal adj. care depăşeşte limitele stabilite (despre un credit) supermarket s. supermarket, mare magazin universal (cu autoservire) supernumerary adj. supranumerar ~ income - venit supranumerar superprofit s. supraprofit superscribe v.t. 1. a înscrie (numele, menţiuni) 2. a scrie, a menţiona (adresa)', a pune adresa pe (un plic), a scrie în antet superscription s. 1. inscripţie, menţi- une 2. adresă (pe plic); antet (pe. documente) supersede v.t. a înlătura, a elimina (un funcţionar) supersession s. înlăturare, eliminare (dintr-un post) supertare s. tară suplimentară supertax s. suprataxă; impozit pe supraprofit supervise v.t. 1. a supraveghea, a controla 2. a conduce, a dirija supervision s. 1. supraveghere, control 2. conducere, dirijare supervisor s. supraveghetor, controlor supervisory adj. de supraveghere/ control

~ personnel - personal de suprave- ghere ~ training - formare/pregătire a personalului de supraveghere supplement s. supliment v.t. a suplimenta supplementary adj. suplimentar ~ benefît - ajutor suplimentar de stat ~ charge - taxă suplimentară ~ costs - costuri suplimentare

entry - (conî.) înregistrare suplimentară ~ income - venit suplimentar ~ insurance - asigurare suplimentară ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare suplimentară ~ taxation - supraimpunere ~ wage - supliment de salariu supplier s. fumizor ~ concentration - concentrare a livrărilor (de materie primâ către un sector industrial în mâna câtorva fumizori) ~ credit - credit comercial (acordat cumpărâtorului de cătrefurnizor) ~ 's monopoly - monopol comercial supply s. 1. aprovizionare, fumizare, livrare 2. rezervă, stoc 3. credit, fond 4. ofertă 5. înlocuire, suplinire 6. înlocuitor, suplinitor 7. alimentare {cu apâ curentâ, energie electricâ etc.) v.t. 1. a aproviziona, a alimenta 2. a fumiza, a livra ~ and demand - cerere şi ofertă ~ base - bază de aprovizionare, depozit ~ contractor - fumizor ~ -delivery service - serviciu de aprovizionare - desfacere ~ depot - depozit de materiale ~ on hand - rezervă/stoc disponibil(ă) ~ plant - uzină fumizoare

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312 SUP-SUR ~ price - preţ de ofertă support s. sprijin, susţmere v.t. a sprijini, a susţine (preţuri)

point - punct de intervenţie/ susţinere (când banca centrală intervine pentru susţinerea cursuluî) ~ price - preţ susţinut/subvenţionat supporting adj. de sprijin/sustinere ~ document - act/dotumentjustificativ ~ order - ordin de cumpărare (penîru a susţine cursul) ~ purchases - cumpărări de susţinere (a cursului) supremacy s. supremaţie, poziţie dominantă (pepiaţă) surcharge s. 1. supraîncărcare 2. suprataxă 3. (asig.) primă suplimentară 4. amendă 5. surşarj (pe un timbru) v.t. 1. a supraîncărca 2. a suprataxa, a cere suprataxe pentru 3. a amenda 4. a surşaija (un timbru) surety s. 1. garanţie (pentru o datorie) 1. garant 3. aval 4. siguranţă, securitate ~ bond - obligaţiune garantată ~ for a bill of exchange - aval ~ for a surety - contragaranţie to enter into a ~ bond - a se angaja printr-un act de garanţie to stand ~ for smb. - a fi garant pentru cineva suretyship s. angajament de garanţie surplus s. surplus,excedent adj. excedentar, în surplus ~ capacity - capacitate excedentară (de producţie) ~ dividend - dividend suplimentar ~ earnings - beneficiu suplimentar/ nedistribuit ~ fund - fond de rezervă ~ in the cash - plus de casă

~ labour - fortă de muncă excedentară; muncă suplimentară ~ of receipts overs costs - excedent al încasărilor faţă de costuri ~ production - supraproducţie ~ profit - supraprofit

reserve - (fin.) rezervă generală (obligatorie), capital de rezervă (al unei bănci) ~ sales - vânzâri în surplus ~ spending unit - unitate economică cu cheltuieli mai mari decât veniturile ~ stock - solduri; excedent de stocuri ~ value - plusvaloare surplusage s. surplus; supraabundenţă surrender 1. cedare; remitere, transfer (de documente) 2. (dr.) cesionare 3. răscumpărare (a unei poliţe de asigurare) v.t. 1. a ceda; a remite, a transfera (documente) 1. (dr.) a cesiona 3. a răscumpăra (o poliţă de asigurare) ~ value - valoare de răscumpărare (a unei poliţe de asigurare) surtax s. suprataxă v.t. a impune o suprataxă survey s. 1. examen, studiu, cercetare; anchetă; sondaj 2. expertiză 3. ridicare topografică; releveu v.t. a examina, a studia, a cerceta 2. a expertiza 3. a măsura (un teren); a trece în plan, a face releveul ~ certificate - certificat de inspecţie (ehberat navei dupâ inspecţia de registru)

classification - inspecţie de clasificare ( a registrului navat) ~ expenses - cheltuieli de expertiză ~ report - raport de expertiză surveyor s. 1. controlor; inspector; expert 2. topometru, topograf; geodez ~ of customs - inspector vamal

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SUR-SWO 313 ~ of taxes - inspector de contribuţii directe ~ of the port - (SUA) inspector vamal deport ~ of weights and measures - controlor de măsuri şi greutăţi suspend v.t. 1. a sista, a întrerupe (livrările, plâţile etc); a amâna 2. a suspenda (un funcţionar) suspense s. suspensie ~ account - (cont.) cont în tranzit (cont de ordine ţinut temporar în suspensie) ~ entry - (cont.) articol de ordine suspension s. 1. sistare, întrerupere {a Hvrăriîor) ; amânare 2. suspendare (a unuifuncţionar) sustainable adj. durabil ~ non-inflationary growth - creştere neinflaţionistâ durabilă swap s. 1. schimb în natură, troc 2. marfă schimbată prin troc 3. swap, schimb fînanciar de creanţe (cedarea unor creanţe, deţinitte de o bancă, în schimbul unui alt activ sau schimbarea unei creanţe dintr-o anumită valutâ în altă valută ori transformarea unei datorii cu dobândâ fixă într-o datorie cu dobândă variabilă) v.t. a face schimb/troc cu v. i. a face schimb/troc swapping s. schimb în natură, troc ~ terms - raport de troc swatch s. mostră (de material) sweat s. 1. muncă grea, corvoadă 2. (mar.) sudaţie (in magaziile naveî} v.t. a exploata (mâna de lucru) v.i. a munci din greu, a trudi ~ damage - avarie produsă prin sudaţie sweated adj. extenuant şi prost plătit {despre munca) ~ labour - fortă de muncă exploatată sweatee s. muncitor exploatat

sweater s. exploatator sweating adj. 1. extenuant şi prost plâtit (despre munca) 1. exploatator (despre un patron) s. 1. exploatare (a muncitorilor) 2. (mar.) sudaţie ~ system - exploatare patronală sweatshop s. atelier (de fabrica) cu condiţii grele de muncă {salarii mici, program lung etc.) sweepstake s. loterie swindle 5'. escrocherie, înşelătorie; extorcare v.t. a escroca, a înşela; a extorca (banî) swindler s. escroc swing 5'. 1. fluctuaţie 2. plafon valoric/ descoperit (stabilit în cadrul operaţiilor de cîiring) v.i. a fluctua (despre preţurî) ~ credit - credit reciproc negarantat ~ producer - producătorul cel mai activ (dintr-un cartel) ~ shift - schimbul de după-amiază {orele 16-24) swingeing adj. 1. exorbitant (despre impozite) 2. drastic, sever (despre reduceri bugetare) switch s. switch, operaţie de arbitraj switch (operaţie de schimb între o valută forte şi una de cliring, transformarea nefâcându-se prin intermediul mărfiî) ~ deal / transaction - comert triunghiular, tranzacţie switch (la export, realizatâ în devize printr-o a treia ţară pentru eludarea reglemen- tărilor valutare)', speculaţie valutară bazată pe diferenţa de curs switching ^. schimbare (de îitluri de valoare prin vânzarea unora şi cumpârarea altord) swop s. troc v.t. a face schimb/troc de

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314 SWO-SYS sworn adj. 1. jurat, care a depus jurământ 2. oficial, autorizat ~ broker - broker oficial/autorizat ~ statement - declaraţie sub prestare dejurământ -- surveyor - expert oficial/autorizat ~ weighter - cantaragiu oficial/ autorizat symbiotic adj. simbiotic ~ marketing - marketing simbiotic (realizat prin acorduri între două sau mai multefirme) sympathetic adj. solidar ~ strike - grevă de solidaritate syndic 5. sindic syndical adj. sindical syndicalism s. sindicalism syndicate s. 1. sindicat (patronal); consorţiu, cartel; grup de bănci de investiţii (care se unesc pentru afaceri ce necesită mari resurse financiare) 2. trust de presâ; agenţie care achiziţionează o producţie jumalistică (articole, fotografii etc. şi o distribuie mai multor ziare concomitenf) v.t. 1. a sindicaliza, a uni într-un sindicat (patronal); a forma un grup bancar (pentru afaceri ce necesită mari resurse financiare) 2. a vinde o producţie jumalistică (articole, foto-grafii etc. mai multor ziare conco-mitent) ~ agreement - acord de constituire a unui sindicat ~ offer(ing) - ofertă (de acţiuni, obligaţiuni) a sindicatului

syndicated adj. sindicalizat (despre un sindicat patronal) ~ loan - împrumut sindicâlizat ~ research - studiu sindicalizat (studiu de piaţă de mare amploare efectuat independent de o fîrmă specializată şi oferit spre vânzare) syndicator s. membru al unui sindicat (patronal) synthetic adj. sintetic ~ loans - împrumuturi sintetice (ţransformarea unui împrumut cu rată flotantă într-unul cu ratâ fixă prin folosirea ratelor dobânzii la tennen) ~ position - (bur.) poziţie sintetică (obţinutâ prin tranzacţionarea opţiu- nilor, cât şi a instrumentelor carî stau la baza acestord) ~ product - produs sintetic system s. 1. sistem 2. regim, orânduire 3. reţea (feroviarâ, rutieră, electrică etc.) ~ s and procedures - (man.) organizare şi metode (serviciu de consultanţă pe lângă conducerea unei firme) systematic adj. sistematic ~ costs - cheltuieli de fabricaţie ~ risk - risc sistematic/de piaţă (acea parte din riscul unui titlu de valoare care rezultă din oscilaţiile pieţei bursiere şi nu poate fi eliminat prin diversificare) systematize v.t. a sistematiza

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T table s. 1. masă 2. tabel, tabelă, tablă, tablou; listă; tarif; indicator ~ licence - licenţă pentm vânzarea băuturilor alcoolice numai cu mâncare ~ man - pontator ~ money - cheltuieli de reprezentare ~ of allowances - listă de reduceri fiscale ~ of charges / fares - listă de preţuri (m transporturî) ~ of interest - tabel de procente ale dobânzilor ~ of organization - organigramă ~ of rates - tarif ~ of weights and measures - tabelă de măsuri şi greutăţi to ~ a bill - a depune un proiect de lege (in parlament) tabular adj. tabular, sub formă de tabel ~ bookkeeping - contabilitate tabulară ~ book - registru tabular ~ data - date sub formă de tabel tabularîze v. tabulate tabulate v.t. a tabula, a pune în tabel tabulated v. tabular tabulation s. tabulare, punere în tabel tabulating adj. tabular ~ machine - tabulator ~ system - sistem tabular tabulator s. tabulator tag s. etichetă {mobilă'), tăbliţă v.t. a ataşa o etichetâ ~ day - (SUA) zi de colectă publică tagging s. etichetare, marcare tail s. (dr.) drept de moştenire limitat; limitare a succesiunii numai la

descendenţii dintr-o anumită linie/un anumit sex adj. limitat din punctul de vedere al moştenirii ~ female - linie succesorală femeiască; proprietate transmisibilă numai pe linie femininâ ~ male - linie succesorală bărbătească; proprietate transmisibilă numai pe linie masculină take v.t. 1. a lua 2. a cumpâra 3. a închiria, a reţine (locuri) 4. a încasa, a câştiga 5. a lua cu împmmut, a împrumuta 6. (off) a scădea, a reduce (un pret), a elimina, a şterge (de pe listă) 7. (out) a obţine, a scoate (un certificat, un brevet etc.) 8. (over) a prelua (afaceri, datorii etc.) 9. (up) a accepta, a plăti (o cambie, un bilet la ordin) la scadenţă sau înaintea scadenţei; a percepe (impozite) ~ -home pay - salariu net to ~ effect - a intra în vigoare to ~ legal advice - a consulta un avocat to ~ oath - a depune jurământ to ~ possession - a intra în posesie to ~ the chair - a prezida takeover s. preluare (de afaceri, datorii etc.) ~ bid - ofertă de preluare (a unei societâţi fdcută acţionarilor acesteid) taker s. 1. primitor 2. antreprenor ~ of an option - (bur.) persoană care preia o opţiune

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316 TAK-TAR ~ s -in - (bur.) persoane care preiau angajamentele speculatorilor â la hausse taking s. 1. luare, preluare 2. pl. încasări, sume încasate ~ fîrm - preluare fermă {a acţiunilor emise) talk s. 1. convorbire, discuţie 2. pl. negocieri, tratative to hold ~s - a purta tratative; a avea convorbiri tally s. 1. pontaj, pontare (de mărfuri) 1. copie, duplicat 3. etichetă (ataşată la mârfuri, bagaje etc.); talon de identificare 4. jeton (de prezenţâ) v.t. 1. a ponta {mârfurî) 2. a ataşa o etichetă / un talon la (mărfuri, bagaje) v.i. a face pontaj ~ clerk / keeper - pontator (de mârfurî) ~ of discharge - pontaj la descărcare ~ of loading - pontaj la încărcare ~ sheet - fişă de pontaj (la recepţia mărfurilor), borderou ~ shop - magazin care vinde în rate / pe credit ~ system / trade - comerţ în rate / pe credit tallyman s. 1. pontator (de mărfurî) 2. comerciant care vinde în rate / pe credit talon s. talon, cupon (de la chitanţă) tamper v.i. (with) 1. a falsifica {conturi, registre eîc.) 2. a deschide, a viola {corespondenţa) 3. a sustrage (banî) 4. a corupe, a mitui {martorî) tamperer s. 1. falsificator (de conturi, registre etc.) 2. corupător, mituitor (de martorî) tampering s. 1. falsificare (de conturi, registre etc.) 2. corupere, mituire (de martori}

~ with the market - (bur.) operaţii / speculaţii de destabilizare a pieţei tangible adj. tangibil, material, real s. pl. active tangibile ~ assets - active tangibile ~ property - bunuri materiale tank s. rezervor, cistemă, tanc ~ barge - şlep-tanc ~ capacity - capacitate a rezervorului ~ car - vagon-cistemă; autocistemă ~ container - container-tanc ~ lorry / truck - autocistemă ~ ship / vessel - tanc petrolier, navă- -cistemă, petrolier ~ trailer - remorcă-cisternâ ~ waggon - vagon-cistemă tankage 5. 1. capacitate (a unei cisteme, a unui tanc) 2. tancare 3. cheltuieli de tancare ~ capacity - capacitate de tancare tanker s. 1. tanc petrolier, navă- -cistemă, petrolier 2. vagon-cistemă 3. autocistemă ~ berth - dană pentru petroliere ~ company - companie de petroliere ~ -container ship / vessel - petrolier- -container ~ fleet - flotă de petroliere ~ terminal - terminal pentru petroliere ~ tonnage - tonaj al petrolierului ~ trade - transport de mărfuri lichide tare s. 1. tară, dara 2. reducere a tarei v.t. acalculatara ~ allowance - reducere a tarei ~ and tret - regulă aritmetică pentru a calcula tara ~ assumed by the customs - tară legală ~ weight - greutate brută, tară tarer s. colet cu tara calculată

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TAR-TAX 317 target s. 1. ţintă, referinţă 2. normă, plan ~ audience - audienţă-ţintă (segment de consumatori vizat de o campanie pubîicitară) ~ firm - firmâ - ţintă (companie pe care o altă firmă doreşte să o achiziţioneze) ~ market - piaţă-ţintă ~ price - preţ-ţintă (preţul jîxat periodic de CEE pentru produsele agricole) to smash the ~ - a sparge norma targeting s. orientare (a resurselor pentru sprijinirea unor sectoare industriale prioritare) tariff s. 1. tarif; taxă vamală 2. listă de preţuri / tarife v.t. 1. a tarifa, a evalua 2. a include în tarif ~ agreement - acord tarifar ~ harmonization - armonizare a taxelor vamale ~ level - nivel al tarifelor ~ policy - politică tarifară / vamală ~ price - preţ de referinţă ~ quota - contingent tarifar ~ rates - taxe tarifare / vamale; preţuri tarifare ~ reform - reformă a taxelor vamale; reformă protecţionistă; (SUA) desfiin- ţare a taxelor vamale ~ reformer - protecţionist; (SUA') antiprotecţionist ~ schedule - tabel tarifar ~ system - sistem / regim tarifar ~ union - uniune vamală ~ value - valoare în vamă ~ wages - salariu tarifar ~ walls - bariere vamale ~ war - război vamal ~ zone - zonă vamală

tariffing s. tarifare taring s. calculare a tarei ~ regulations - reguli de calculare a tarei task s. sarcină; datorie; lucru, lucrare, muncă v.t. a da de Jucru, a pune la muncă; a fixa o sarcină / muncă ~ bonus - (sistem de) prime în raport cu îndeplinirea normei ~ system of pay - sistem de salarizare pentru munca în acord ~ wages - salariu în acord ~ work - muncă în acord ~ worker - muncitor în acord taskmaster s. 1. distribuitor de sarcini; conducător, şef2. normator; pontator tax s. taxă, impozit, contribuţie v.t. 1. a taxa, a impozita, a impune (fiscal) 2. (dr.) a stabili (cuantumul daunelor, al amenzii etc.) ~ administration - administraţie / secţie fînanciară ~ assessment - fixare a unui impozit; bază de calcul a impozitului ~ avoidance - evitare a impozitelor, facilitare fiscală (practică legalâ prin care se urmăreşte diminuarea impozitelor plătite) ~ base - bază de calcul a impozitului ~ bearer - contribuabil ~ break - facilităţi de plată a impozitelor ~ burden - sarcini fiscale ~ collection - colectare a impozitelor ~ collector / gatherer - agent fiscal ~ consultant - consilier fiscal ~ deduction card - camet de plată / reţinere a impozitului (pe salariu) ~ deposit certifîcate - certificat de depozit pentru impunere (folosit pentru

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TAX-TEA 318

plata impozitelor, certificatul oferind dobânda) ~ disc / token - taxă auto / de dmmuri ~ dodger - evazionist fiscal ~ efficiency - efîcienţă / operativitate a investiţiei (astfel încât impozitul pe profitul obţinut săfie cât mai mic) ~ equalisation - egalizare fiscală ~ evasion - evaziune fiscală ~ -exempt / -free - scutit de impozite; neimpozabil ~ exemption - scutire de impozite ~ exile - exilat din motive fiscale (persoanâ care se expatriază din cauza regimului fiscat) ~ form - formular de impunere ~ franchise - imunitate fiscalâ ~ haven - paradis fiscal (ţarâ care oferâ reducerî importante de impozite) ~ holiday - perioadă de scutire de impozite ~ impact / incidence - impact / incidenţă a(l) impozitului (care poate afecta unprodus depepiaţă) ~ inspector - inspector financiar ~ levy - percepere de impozite ~ liabilities - obligaţii fiscale ~ lien -• drept de retenţie pentru plata impozitelor ~ loss - pierdere deliberată / intenţionată (pentru a evita plata impozitului pe profit) ~ point - punct / moment de impunere (când trebuîe achitată TVA) ~ proceeds / receipts - încasări fiscale/ din impozite ~ rate - impozit; procent al impunerii ~ reduction / relief - reducere a impozitelor ~ reform - reformă fiscală ~ refund - restituire a impozitului

~ return - declaraţie de impunere ~ revenue - venit fiscal, încasări din impozite ~ es and dues - impozite şi taxe ~ sale - vânzare (silită) pentru neplata impozitelor ~ schedules - categorii de impozite ~ shelter/shield - scutire de taxe - stamp - timbru fiscal ~ surcharge - supraimpunere fiscală ~ system - sistem fiscal ~ year - exerciţiu fiscal / financiar taxability s. impozabilitate, caracter impozabil taxable adj. impozabil s. pl. 1. contri- buabili 2. venituri sau proprietăţi impozabile ~ article - articol impozabil; obiect al impunerii ~ base - bază a impunerii ~ horsepower - putere fiscală (la autovehicule) ~ income - venit impozabil ~ quota - cotă impozabilâ ~ surplus - surplus / excedent impozabil ~ value - valoare impozabilă ~ year - exerciţiu financiar taxation s. 1. impunere (fiscalâ), impo- zitare 2. impozit, sumă impusă ~ authorities - administraţie / secţie financiară taxpayer s. contribuabil ~ identification number - (SUA) număr de identificare al contribua- bilului team s. grupă, echipă teamster s. (SUA) şofer de autocamion teamwork s. muncâ m echipâ/colectiv

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TEC-TEM 319 technical adj. tehnic s. pl. 1. terminologie tehnică 2. detalii / amănunte tehnice ~ adviser - consilier tehnic ~ assistance - asistenţă tehnică ~ conditions - condiţii tehnice ~ control - control tehnic ~ crops - culturi tehnice ~ design - proiect tehnic ~ education - învăţământ profesional; calificare profesională ~ inspection / revision / supervision - revizie tehnică ~ office - birou de proiectare ~ orders / specifications - prescripţii / specificaţii tehnice ~ personnel - personal tehnic ~ position - {bur.) poziţie tehnică (referitor la situaţia pe piaţă a unor acţiuni) ~ regulations - (cow.) regulamente tehnice- (care stipuleazâ caracteristicile produselor sau a proceselor de fabricaţie, regulile de ambalare şi etichetare, prevederile administrative ce trebuie aplicate, terminologia şi abrevierile standard etc.) technicality s. 1. tehnicitate 2. pl. detalii / amănunte tehnice 3. pl. termeni tehnici, terminologie de specialitate technician s. tehnician technics s. pl. 1. tehnică, tehnologie, metode / procedee tehnice 2. tehnică, ştiinţe tehnice technique s. tehnică, tehnologie, metode / procedee tehnice technocracy s. tehnocraţie technocrat s. tehnocrat technological adj. tehnologic; tehnic ~ gsp - decalaj tehnologic ~ obsolescence - învechire tehnologică

~ restraint - restricţie tehnologică ~ unemployment - şoniaj tehnic technologist s. tehnolog technology s. 1. tehnologie 2. tehnică, ştiinţe tehnice / aplicate ~ transfer - transfer de tehnologie telecommunication s. telecomunicaţii telegram s. telegramă ~ form - formular de telegramă telegraph s. telegraf ~ money order - mandat telegrafic telegraphic adj. telegrafic ~ address - adresă telegrafică ~ money order - mandat telegrafic ~ transfer - mandat telegrafic; transfer telegrafic (al unei sume) telephone ^. telefon v.t., v.i. a telefona ~ book / directory - carte de telefon ~ exchange - centrală telefonică ~ interviewing - intervievare prin telefon (intr-o anchetâ sociologicâ) ~ line - linie telefonică ~ selling - (sistem de) vânzări prin telefon ~ service - serviciu telefonic telex s. telex teller s. casier (/a banca) temporary adj. temporar, provizoriu s. salariat temporar ~ admission - admitere temporară (a mârfurilor de import cu scutire de taxe vamale) ~ committee - comitet provizoriu ~ current assets - active curente temporare {active circulante cu fluctuaţii sezoniere sau ciclice) ~ exports - exporturi provizorii (de mârfuri folosite ca mostre la expoziţii, fără plata taxelor vamale, ulterior reimportate)

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320 TEM-TEN ~ incapacity - incapacitate temporară (de muncă) ~ money - bani provizorii (cambii şi bonuri de tezaur) ~ (nominal) accounts - (cont.) conturi temporare {nominale) tenancy s. 1. ocupare temporarâ (cu chirie sau arendâ'); închiriere; arendare 2. proprietate ocupată temporar {cu chirie sau arenda) 3. termen pe care se închiriază sau se arendează o proprietate 4. calitate de chiriaş sau arendaş ~ in common - ocupare în comun tenant s. chiriaş; arendaş; locatar temporar v.t. a închiria, a lua cu chirie; a arenda, a lua cu arendă ~ at sufferance - chiriaş sau arendaş abuziv (care continuă sâ ocupe o pro- prietate după expirarea contractului fără acordul proprietarului) ~ at will - chiriaş sau arendaş fără contract ~ farmer - agricultor care lucrează în parte, muncitor agricol ~ for life - chiriaş sau arendaş pe viaţă ~ for years - chiriaş sau arendaş cu contract (valabil un amimit număr de anî) ~ from year to year - chiriaş sau arendaş cu contract valabil un an ~ right - drept de a lucra pământul în parte (la expirarea contractului) tenantable adj. 1. gata de a fi închiriat sau arendat 2. locuibil tenantless adj. de închiriat, liber, nelocuit tenantry s. chiriaşi, locatari; arendaşi tend v. i. a tinde, a avea tendinţa de to ~ downwards - a tinde să scadă (despre preţurî)

to ~ upwards - a tinde să crească (despre preţurî) tendency s. tendinţă (a pieţei) tender s. 1. ofertă, licitaţie (pentru furnizarea de mărfuri, servicii); ofertă (pentru cumpărarea de acţiunî) 1. (dr.) sumă depusă, depozit (pentru plaîa unei datoriî); mijloace de plată v.t. 1. a oferi, a licita (pentru furniwrea de mărfuri, serviciî} 2. a prezenta, a înmâna (o cerere) ~ clause - clauza ofertei ~ guarantee - garantie (cerută expor- tatorilor) ~ of delivery - ofertă de livrare ~ of payment - ofertă de plată ~ offer - ofertă de cumpărare (de acţiunî) ~ sum - valoare contractuală tenderer s. 1. (com.) ofertant 2. (dr.) sumisionar, persoană care se angajează în scris să respecte clauzele fixate tenement s. 1. proprietate (locativâ, funciara} închiriatâ saii arendată 2. casă de raport; apartament m locuinţă ieftină / casâ de raport 3. {dr.) privilegiu permanent; posesiune permanentă ~ district - cartier de locuinţe ieftine ~ house - casă de raport tenemental adj. care se poate închiria; arendabil tenementary v. tenemental tenor s. 1. conţinut, cuprins (al unui document) 2. copie, duplicat 3. perioadă de maturitate (a unei cambiî) tenure s. 1. (dr.) posesiune, drept de posesiune 2. ocupare, exercitare (a unei funcţii) 3. termen de posesiune (al unui bun); durată a deţinerii / exercitării (unei funcţii}

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TER 321 term s. 1. termen, perioadă, durată 2. termen, dată (îimită), scadenţă 3. trimestru 4. sesiune judecătorească 5. pl. condiţii, clauze (contractuale) 6. pl. preţ(uri), condiţii materiale 7. pl. înţelegere, acord; tranzacţie 8. cuvânt, termen; pl. denumire, nume v.t. a numi, a denumi ~ day - zi de plată (trimestrială) ~ deposit - depozit la termen ~ loan - împrumut la termen ~ of acceptance - condiţie (a trasului) pentru acceptarea cambiei ~ of guarantee - termen de garanţie ~ policy - poliţâ de asigurare de viaţă pe termen ~ structure of interest rates -structura ratelor dobânzii în funcţie de scadenţă (raportul dintre randamentele şi maturităfile titlurilor de valoare) ~ s of an issue - (fin.) condiţii ale unei emisiuni ~ s of trade - raport de schimb (raportul dintre indicele preţului mediu de export şi indicele mediu de import, pe întreaga activitate de comerţ exterior) ~ s to trade - condiţii de livrare {reduceri de preţuri acordate de angrosist detailiştilor) to come to ~s - a conveni asupra condiţiilor to make ~s - a pune condiţii terminable adj. 1. limitat în timp 2. reziliabil (despre un contract) ~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate plătită pentru o perioadă limitată de timp . terminal adj. 1. terminal, final 2. referitor la un punct terminus (al unei linii ferate} s. 1. punct final / terminal 2. pl. (c.f.) cheltuieli de manipulare (in

staţia terminus) 3. staţie/gară terminus; (5t/A) cap de linie; terminal ~ charges / costs - (c.f.) cheltuieli de manipulare (in staţia terminus) ~ contract - contract pentru tranzactii la termen ~ job - activitate fară perspectivă ~ loss - pierdere pe ultimul an (reportul plăţii impozitelor datorate pentru ultimul an, practicaî de fisc pentru o societate falimentară, prin raportarea la profitul obţinut pe unul din ultimii trei ani) ~ market - piaţă la termen (la bursa de mârfurî) ~ port - port terminus ~ price - preţ/curs pentru tranzacţii la termen ~ products - produse finite ~ receipt - (c.f.) chitanţă de plată pentru manipulare sau depozitare în staţia terminus ~ station - staţie terminus ~ value - (/m.) valoare flnală (valoarea rămasâ a unuiproiect de capitat) ~ wages - indenmizaţie de concediere terminate v.t. 1. a limita 2. a pune capăt {unui angajament); a rezilia (un contract); a suspenda {un acord); a stinge (o obîigaţie) v.i. a se termina, a se încheia termination s. 1. limită, capăt, sfârşit 2. întrerupere (a unui angajament); reziliere (a unui contract); suspendare (a unui acord); stingere (a unei obligaţiî) 3. terminare, încheiere 4. mecanism / instalaţie terminal(ă) terminus s. staţie / gară terminus; cap de linie termless adj. 1. nelimitat (m timp), fară termen final, fară dată fixă (de

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322 TER-THI încheiere) 1. necondiţionat, fâră condiţii termor s. (dr.) deţinător al dreptului de posesiune pe viaţă sau pe termen territorial adj. 1. teritorial 2. funciar; cadastral ~ waters - ape teritoriale territory s. teritoriu; regiune tertiary adj. terţiar

industry - industria terţiară/ serviciilor ~ production - producţie tertiară, servicii test s. test, probă; control, verificare; analizâ v.t. a testa, a proba; a controla, a verifica; a analiza ~ car - automobil de probă ~ certificate - certificat de probă (a produselor) ~ market - piaţă de desfacere de probă ~ marketing - test de piaţă, comercializare experimentală (pe o piaţă restrânsă') ~ procedure - metodă de încercare ~ weight - greutate-etalon testament s. testament testamental v. testamentary testamentary adj. testamentar ~ capacity - capacitate testamentară ~ trust - (dr.) tutelă testamentară testate adj. testat, lăsat prin testament s. testator ~ succession - (dr.) succesiune testată to die ~ - a muri lăsând testament testator s. testator testatrix s. testatoare testimonial s. 1. atestat, dovadă, certificat 2. scrisoare de recomandare adj. doveditor, care atestă testimony s. 1. depoziţie (scrisâ) 2. atestat, dovadă, certificat

textile adj. textil s. pl. 1. materiale textile 2. (bur.) acţiuni ale societăţilor care produc sau comercializează materiale textile ~ goods - produse textile ~ industry - industria textilă ~ plant - plantă textilă theft s. furt ~ and pilferage - (asig.) furturi şi furtişaguri ~ insurance - asigurare împotriva furtului ~ risk - risc de furt thin adj. slab, restrâns ~ market - (bur.) piaţă restrânsă (cu puţine tranzacţiî) third adj. (al) treilea s. 1. treime 2. (dr.) tert, tertă persoană 3. pl. mărfuri de calitatea a treia ~ best - de calitatea a treia, de proastă calitate ~ -class - de clasa / categoria a treia (despre vagon, hotel, cambie etc.)', de calitatea a treia (despre mărfuri} ~ -hand - la mâna a treia ~ -line forcing - vânzare forţată a unui produs greu vandabil (impreunâ cu unul solicitaf) ~ market - (SUA) (bur.) piaţa terţiară (pe care acţiunile cotate sunt tranzac- ţionate direct între broker şi client) ~ of exchange - al treilea exemplar al cambiei ~ party / person - tert, tertă persoană ~ -party insurance - asigurare contra prejudiciilor aduse unui terţ; asigurare de răspundere civilă ~ -party risk - risc de prejudiciu adus unui terţ ~ -rate - de calitatea a treia, de calitate inferioară

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THI-TIE 323 Third World - Lumea a Treia (târile subdezvoltate) threat s. ameninţare; pericol ~ of entry - pericol de intrare pe piaţă (risc pe care şi-l asumâ o fîrmă când pătrunde pe o piaţă noua) threshold s. limită ~ agreement - acord de indexări salariale (prevâzut într-un contract de muncă pentru situaţia în care preţurile cu amănuntul depăşesc un anumit nivel) ~ effect - efect de prag (punctul în care un mesaj publicitar devine eficient) ~ price - preţ-limită/-prag (preţ minim) thrift s. economie, chibzuială, prevedere ~ account - (5't/A) cont de economii ~ box - puşculiţă ~ plan - plan de economii thriftless adj. risipitor, cheltuitor thriftlessness s. risipă, cheltuială thrifty adj. 1. econom, chibzuit, prevăzător 2. bine administrat / gospodărit thrive v.i. a prospera; a face avere, a se îmbogăţi thrivingness s. prosperitate throng s. multime; aglomeraţie v.i. a se îmbulzi, a se îngrămădi ~ hours - ore de vârf ~ season - sezon plin through prep. prin; prin intermediul adj. direct (despre tren, bilet, rută etc.) ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament direct ~ freight - (mar.) navlu direct ~ rate - condiţii de plată pentru transport direct ~ ticket - bilet de tren direct ~ traffic - tranzit

throughput s. 1. materii prime / materiale introduse în procesul de fabricaţie, materiale prelucrate 2. putere de trecere / tranzit (a unui calculator) ~ capacity - randament, capacitate de producţie throwaway s. 1. fluturaş, anunţ (care se distribuie în magazine, pe stradă etc.) 2. produs care se aruncă după întrebuinţare adj. de folosinţă imediată, care se aruncâ după întrebuinţare (depre un produs) ticket s. 1. bilet (de intrare, căîâtorie) 2. bon, tichet 3. bilet de loterie, loz 4. etichetă (cu preţul) 5. legitimaţie de comisionar autorizat 6. adeverinţă, dovadă; recipisâ 7. ofertă m plic închis (la licitaţie) v.t. 1. (şi ~ up) a eticheta (o marfâ), a marca (preţul) 2. a depune (o ofertâ) în plic închis (la licîtaţie} ~ agency / offîce - agenţie / casă de bilete ~ clerk / collector - (c./) controlor de bilete, conductor ~ day - (bur.) ajun al lichidării, ziua declarării numelor (cumpărătorilor') ~ inspector - controlor de bilete (in autobuz) ~ nipper - compostor de bilete ~ tout - speculant de bilete (la cinema, competiţii sportive) ~ window - (c.f.) ghişeu / casă de bilete ticketing s. 1. etichetare (a mărfurilor), marcare (a preţurilor) 2. ofertă închisă (la licitaţie) tie s. legătură v.t. 1. a lega 2. (up) a depune, a consemna (banî); a investi, a imobiliza (capital); a lega de anumite condiţii (contractuale)

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324 TIE-TIM ~ -in - (SUA) anunţ publicitar (al unui detailist publicat alâturi de anunţul fabricantului respectiv); vânzare condiţionată (a unui articol solicitat împreună cu alte produse greu vandabile); articol fară căutare (impus consumatorului} ~ -in contract - contract cu clauze restrictive ~ -in sale - vânzare condiţionată (de cumpărarea altui produs) ~ -up - uniune, asociere (de firme); stagnare"(a afacerilor) tied adj. legat ~ loan - împrumut condiţionat / cu clauze restrictive ~ shop - magazin obligat (prin contract) să se aprovizioneze de la un anumit fumizor tier s. şir, rând, stivă (de marfa) v.t. a aranja în şir / stivă tight adj. 1. etanş, ermetic 2. strâns; compact 3. sărac, deficitar (despre piaţâ); în stare critică / de penurie, în criză de bani (despre piaţa financiară) ~ bargain - tranzactie strânsă / cu marjă redusă de câştig ~ loading - încărcare compactă (jară spaţii libere) ~ money - bani scumpi (acordaţi cu dobânv, foarte mari) ~ -money policy - politică de restrictii monetare ~ -packed goods - mărfuri ambalate strâns ~ stowage - stivuire compactâ tighten v.t. (şi ~ up) a întări, a înăspri (restricţiile); a restrânge (creditele) tightness s. 1. etanşeitate 2. densitate (a stivuiriî) 3. lipsă (defondurî)

till s. sertar de bani, casă (în magazine, oficii poştale) ~ book - registru de casă ~ money - încasări, bani în casă tillable adj. arabil, cultivabil ~ land / soil - teren de cultură, sol arabil tillage s. 1. arătură, pământ arat 2. cultivare a pământului, cultură ~ implements - unelte agricole ~ land - teren cultivat timber 5'. cherestea, material lemnos, lemn (de construcţie} ~ assortment - sortiment de cherestea ~ carriage - remorcă de transportat buşteni lungi ~ carrier / ship / vessel - navă pentru transportul de cherestea ~ claim - concesiune forestieră ~ deck cargo - caric/încărcătură de cherestea pe punte ~ dock - doc pentru cherestea ~ forest - pădure de arbori înalţi ~ freeboard - (mar.) bord liber pentru caric/încărcâtură de cherestea ~ industry - industria forestieră ~ land - teren forestier ~ line - limită climaterică a pădurilor (cu arbori pentru cherestea) ~ merchant - negustor de cherestea, cherestegiu ~ mill - fabrică de cherestea ~ trade - comert de cherestea, cheresteregie

tree/wood - arbore/lemn de construcţie ~ truck - autocamion de transportat buşteni lungi ~ waggon - vagon-platformă de transportat buşteni lungi ~ yard - fabrică şi depozit de cherestea

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TIM-TIN 325 timbered adj. 1. de cherestea / lemn, lemnos 2. păduros, împădurit timbering s. 1. împădurire; bogăţie de păduri 2. lemnărie, cherestea, lemn de constructie timberwork s. construcţie de lemn; lemnărie (a unei construcţiî) time s. 1. timp; interval de timp, perioadă 2. termen 3. oră, timp v.t. 1. a fixa, a stabili (momentul); a fixa data 2. a fixa, a acorda (un termen) ~ and motion study - studiu de timp şi mişcare (sistem de măsurare a vitezei şi a eficienţei cu care lucrează un muncitor) ~ bargain - (bur.) tranzacţie la termen ~ bill - cambie la termen ~ card/sheet/ticket - foaie de pre- zenţă; fişă de pontaj ~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire pe termen ~ clerk - pontator (de prezenţâ); cronometror (funcţionar însârcinut cu cronometrarea operaţiilor industriale) ~ cost - cost pe unitatea de timp ~ deposit - depozit la termen ~ discount - reducere pentru achitare înainte de termen (a unei daîoriî) ~ draft - trată la termen ~ freight - (c.f.) încărcătură / transport/ fraht de mare viteză; (mar.) navlu pe timp ~ insurance - asigurare la termen ~ lag - întârziere, decalaj ~ limit - limită de timp; termen, scadenţă ~ line - (fin.) axă temporală {instrument de analiză monetară prin care se abordeazâ evenimentele dintr-o anumită conjunctură financiara} ~ loan - împrumut la termen

management - managementul timpului (individual) ~ -of-day tariff - tarif în afara orelor de vârf (despre consumul de gaze, curent etc.) ~ of delivery - termen de livrare ~ order - (bur.) ordin de vânzare sau cumpărare la termen ~ payment - (SUA) plată în rate ~ penalty clause - clauza penalizărilor pentru întârziere ~ policy - (asig. mar.) poliţă de asigurare pe termen ~ purchase - cumpărare la termen ~ rate - salariu calculat pe durata muncii prestate ~ sale - vânzare la termen ~ -saving bonus - primă pentru economisirea timpului de muncă ~ -series analysis - analiza seriilor cronologice (pentru elaborarea previ-ziunilor comerciale) ~ sharing - time sharing, împărţire a timpului de folosire (închiriere simultană de aparate şi utilaje mai multor clienţi în timp partajat) ~ standard - normă de timp ~ study - studiere a timpului de muncă ~ zone - fus orar ~ wages - salariu pe unitatea de timp; plata cu ora sau cu ziua ~ yield - randament raportat la timp timetable s. 1. orar, program 2. mersul trenurilor timework s. muncâ plătită cu ora sau cu ziua timing s. (bur.) timing, coordonare în timp (alegere a momentului când trebuie operatâ o tranzacfie) tin s. cutie (de conserve etc.) v.t. a conserva (in cutii}, a face conserve de

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326 TIN-TON tinned adj. conservat (in cutii de conserve) ~ foods / goods - conserve tip s. 1. bacşiş, ciubuc; mic cadou bănesc 2. pont, informaţie confidenţială (la bursâ, cursele de cai etc.) v.t. 1. a da bacşiş; a face cadou o sumă mică de bani 2. a vinde un pont, a informa discret (la bursă, cursele de cai etc.) title s. 1. titlu (al unei cârţi) 2. titlu (onorific, nobiliar) 3. (dr.) titlu, drept, calitate; act / document doveditor (al unui drept/unei calităţî) 4. titlu, titru (al unui aliaj) v.t. a intitula, a numi ~ deed - act / titlu de proprietate ~ page - pagină de titlu ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare a titlului de proprietate (realizată de cumpără- torul unui bun imobiliar împotriva unei eventuale contestări în justiţie, când vânzătorul nu poate dovedi temeinic titlul de proprietate) ~ to property - titlu de proprietate tobacco s. 1. tutun 2. pl. (bur.) acţiuni ale companiilor din domeniul afacerilor cu tutun token s. 1. semn, simbol, indiciu 2. jeton (care ţine loc de monedă) adj. simbolic ~ coin / money - monedă divizionară/ de bilon ~ payment - plată simbolică (a unei mici pârţi dintr-o datorie pentru a demonstra că debitorul recunoaşte şi se angajează să-şi plătească datoriile) ~ strike - grevă de avertisment toll ^. 1. taxă (rutieră); impozit (perceput în pieţe, târguri etc.); taxă pentm convorbire interurbană 2. uium (la moara) v.t. 1. a percepe taxe /

impozite 2. a-şi lua uiumul {despre morar) ~ bar/gate - barieră unde se încasează taxe de trecere (pe şosele, poduri etc.)

call - convorbire telefonică interurbană ~ collector / keeper - taxator (pentru drumuri, poduri etc.) ~ exchange - centrală telefonică interurbană ~ road - şosea cu taxă ~ traverse - taxă pentru trecerea unei proprietăţi particulare tollable adj. impozabil, supus la taxe / impozite tollage s. taxare; impozitare tommy s. alimente date muncitorilor ca plată, plată m alimente ~ shop - magazin alimentar m fabrică ~ system - sistem de plată în alimente ton s. tonă ~ -kilometre - tonă - kilometru ~ -mile - tonă-milă ~s burden - (mar.) tone de capacitate tonnage s. (mar.) 1. tonaj; capacitate de încărcare 2. taxe (infuncţie de tonaj) ~ books - documente cu preţuri de navlu ~ certificate - certificat de tonaj ~ coeffîcient - coeficient de tonaj ~ deck - punte de tonaj ~ dues - taxe de tonaj ~ hatch/opening - deschidere de tonaj (in puntea de tonaj) ~ law - reguli de măsurare a tonajului ~ mark - marcă de tonaj ~ offer - ofertă de tonaj ~ plan - plan al capacităţii de încârcare ~ regulations - reguli de calculare a tonajului

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TON-TOU 327 ~ scale - scală de tonaj / a capacităţii de încărcare ~ schedule - tarif al taxelor de tonaj ~ under deck - tonaj sub punte tonne s. tonă metrică tontine s. tontină tool s. unealtă, sculă; instmment v.t. a lucra cu o unealtă / sculă; a prelucra, a uzina ~ engineering - sculărie, uzinaj; fabri- care a sculelor ~ house / room / shop - sculărie (atelier) ~ kit / outfit / set - trusă / set de scule toolmaker s. lăcătuş, sculer toolman v. toolmaker tot s. sumă; adunare v.t. (şi ~ up) a aduna v.i. a însuma, a totaliza total adj. total; global s. total, sumă; întreg v.t. 1. a aduna, a totaliza 2. a însuma, a fi egal cu ~ account - (cont.) cont de control / rectificare ~ amount - sumă totală / globală ~ assets turnover - rotaţia activului total (raportuî dintre vânzâri şi activul total) ~ capital - capital global -carrying costs - cost total de deţinere (costurile menţinerii unor stocurî) ~ cost - preţ de cost total ~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament bmt / total ~ expenses - sumă totală a cheltuielilor ~ exports - export global, total al exporturilor ~ imports - import global, total al importurilor ~ inventory costs - costul total al stocurilor (raportul dintre cosîul total de deţinere şi costul total de comandă)

~ investment - investiţie totală / iniţială (pentru pomirea unei afacerî) ~ liabilities - total al pasivului ~ loss - (asig.) pierdere totală ~ loss only - (asig.) numai pierderea totală ~ ordering costs - cost total de comandă (costul lansării unei comenzi) ~ output - producţie totală / globală ~ quality management - manage- mentul calităţii totale ~ receipts - încasări totale ~ risk - (fin.) risc total (abaterea standard a unui titlu de valoare) ~ tonnage - tonaj global ~ turnover - cifră de afaceri totală / globală ~ weight - greutate totală totality s. totalitate; sumă sau cantitate totală / întreagă totalizev.f. atotaliza totting s. 1. adunare, socoteală; totali- zare, adiţiune; total; sumă; punere la socoteală (a unor defecîe) 2. adunare a materialelor recuperabile / refolosibile (din deşeurî) touched adj. cu menţiune ~ bill of health - (mar.) patentă/ certificat de sănătate cu menţiune touchstone s. piatră pentru încercat titrul aliajelor de metale preţioase tour s. călătorie, voiaj, excursie, tur 2. rond, tur; tură (la serviciu) v.i. a călători, a voiaja tourer s. 1. turist automobilist 2. autoturism touring s. turism; călătorii adj. turistic ~ car - autoturism ~ club - club / asociaţie turistică tourism^. turism tourist s. turist

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328 TOU-TRA ~ agency - agenţie / oficiu de turism ~ centre - centru turistic ~ class - clasa turisticâ / a doua (într-un avion, o navâ) ~ itinerary - itinerar turistic - passport - paşaport turistic ~ ticket - bilet de excursie / în circuit ~ trade — turism; industria turistică ~ traffic - trafic turistic ~ visa - viză turistică tout s. agent de reclamă, comis-voiajor town s. oraş ~ council - consiliu orăşenesc / municipal ~ councillor - consilier municipal ~ hall - primărie ~ management - gospodărie comu- nală; urbanism, urbanistică ~ planner - urbanist ~ planning - urbanism, urbanistică; sistematizare trade s. 1. comert; afacere, tranzacţie comercială 2. ocupaţie, meserie, îndeletnicire manuală 3. (niar.) câlătorie cu destinatie precisă; rută/cursă regulatâ; trafic comercial adj.' comercial; economic v.t. 1. a negocia 2. (down) a face un schimb dezavantajos de 3. (in) a cumpăra un produs nou {automobil, frigider etc. prin restituirea celui vechi firmei care l-a produs şi achitarea unei diferenţe de preţ) 4. (for, off) a face troc cu / schimb de; a negocia / a vinde în compensaţie / contrapartidă 5. (up) a face un schimb avantajos de v.i. 1. (down) (bur.) a scădea (despre curs) 2. (in) a face comert (de, cu) 3. (on, upon) a exploata, a profita (de pe urmd) 4. (up) (bur.) a creşte, a urca (despre curs) 5. (with) a face comert /

afaceri (CM) 6. a transporta mărfuri (despre navele comerciale) ~ acceptance / bill / paper - cambie comercialâ ~ agency - agenţie comercială ~ agreement - acord comercial ~ allowance - rabat ~ association - asociaţie patronală ~ balance - balanţă comercială ~ bank - bancâ comercială ~ barrier - barierâ vamală ~ boom - perioadă de dezvoltare economică ~ catalogue/directory - catalog / anuar comercial ~ combination - cartel ~ credit - credit comercial ~ custom / usage - uzanţă comercială ~ cycle - ciclu economic - deficit / gap - deficit al balanţei comerciale ~ description - descriere comercială (a mărfurilor oferite spre vânzare) ~ discount - rabat comercial

discrimination - discriminare comercială ~ disease - boală profesională ~ disputes - conflicte de muncă ~ fair show - expoziţie comercială, târg de mostre ~ fluctuations - fluctuaţii economice ~ -in - cumpărare a unui produs nou (automobil, frigider etc. prin restitu-irea celui vechi finnei care l-a produs şi achitarea unei diferenţe depreţ) ~ investment - investiţie comercială (investiţia unei firme în acţiunile unei companii din acelaşi sector de activi-tate cu cel al investitorului) ~ journal / paper - revistă / publicatie economică

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TRA 329 ~ mission - delegaţie economică ~ name - denumire a firmei; marcă înregistrată (a imui produs) ~ policy - politică comercială ~ price - preţ cu ridicata ~ protection society - societate / agenţie specializată în recuperarea datoriilor ~ recovery - redresare economică ~ references - referinţe comerciale ~ register - registrul comertului ~ relations - relaţii/legâturi comerciale ~ representation - reprezentanţă comercială ~ representative - reprezentant comer- cial ~ restrictions - restricţii comerciale ~ route - rută comercială ~ sale - vânzare către un intermediar, intermediere ~ sanctions - sancţiuni economice ~ school - şcoală profesională sau comercială; liceu industrial ~ secret - secret comercial / industrial ~ sign - firmă (comercialâ)

surplus - balanţă comercială excedentară/activă ~ terms - condiţii de livrare (rediiceri de preţuri acordate de angrosist comercianţilor cu amămintul); termi-nologie/nomenclator comercial(ă) ~ town - oraş comercial ~ treaty - tratat comercial ~ union - sindicat (munciloresc) ~ union contributions - cotizaţii sindicale ~ unionism - mişcare sindicală, sindicalism ~ unionist - membru de sindicat, sindicalist ~ winds - vânturi alizee

trad(e)able adj. tranzacţionabil, negociabil ~ instruments - (fin.) instrumente negociabile trademark s. marcă înregistrată / a fabricii tradeoff s. compromis (realizat în cadrul negocierilor) trader s. 1. comerciant; angrosist 2. om de afaceri 3. (bur.) trader, operator pe cont propriu 4. (mar.) navă comercială / de transport (care face curse regulatepe aceeaşi ruta) tradesman s. 1. mic comerciant 2. fumizor 3. meseriaş, meşteşugar tradespeople s. 1. comercianţi, negustorime 2. fumizori trading s. comert, activitate comer- cialâ; trafic comercial adj. comercial ~ account - (cont.) cont de calculare a profitului brut ~ association - sindicat patronal ~ bank - bancă comercială ~ capital - capital comercial (yaloarea combinată a activelor fixe şi curente ale uneifimie) ~ currency - valută forte / comercială (folosită în schimburile comerciale internaţionale) ~ down - vânzare de titluri de valoare (dintr-un portofoliu) şi înlocuirea lor cu altele de clasă inferioară; vânzare de mărfuri ieftine şi de calitate inferioară (pentru a asigura volumul de vânzărî) ~ estate - zonă comercială/industrială; parc / complex comercial ~ fleet - flotă comercială ~ house - casă de comert; magazin universal; antrepozit ~ partnership - societate comercială ~ port - port comercial

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330 TRA ~ post - punct comercial ~ profit - profit brut ~ stamp - (com.) cupon / tichet (de reducere) oferit clientului de detailist ~ stock - stoc de mărfuri, mărfuri disponibile ~ up - vânzare de articole ieftine pentru introducerea lor într-o linie de produse scumpe ~ warranties clause - (asig. mar.) clauza limitării zonelor de navigaţie traffîc s. 1. circulaţie, trafic 2. comerţ, trafic comercial; navigaţie comercială 3. trafic / comerţ ilegal v.i. 1. (in) a face comert (de, cu) 1. (with) a face comert / afaceri (cu) 3. a transporta mărfuri (despre navele comerciale) ~ and accident loss - (asig.) daune cauzate de circulaţie şi accidente ~ capacity - capacitate de circulaţie ~ in transit - tranzit(are) ~ orders - (.c.f.) scrisoare de trăsură ~ pool - cartel de companii de navigaţie ~ rates - tarif de transport trafficker s. 1. comerciant, negustor 2. traficant trailer s. trailer train s. tren, gamitură v.t., v.i. a (se) pregăti, a (se) forma, a (se) instrui ~ diagram - grafic al trenurilor ~ ferry - feribot ~ mile - milă - tren trained adj. pregătit, instruit; calificat -staff - personal calificat training s. pregătire, formare, instmire; calificare adj. referitor la pregătire / formare / calificare ~ allowance - indemnizatie de formare (fn meserie)

~ group - grup (de salariaţi) pentru pregătire / instruire profesională ~ school - şcoală profesională ~ within industry - pregătire / instmire în cadrul întreprinderii tramp î. (mar.) navă-tramp, navă comercială (afretată) pentru curse neregulate ~ freight - navlu-tramp ~ liner - navă-tramp şi de linie ~ navigation - navigaţie-tramp (pe itinerarii neregulate) ~ owner - proprietar de navă-tramp ~ rate - preţ al navlului-tramp ~ shipping - transport cu nave-tramp ~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor-tramp tramping s. (mar.) tramping, transport cu nave-tramp tranche s. tranşă (a unui împrumut) transact v.t. a negocia, a trata (o afacere) v.i. a face afaceri / tranzacţii transaction s. 1. tranzacţie; afacere; operaţie comercială 2. conducere a afacerilor, gestiune ~ analysis - (cont.) analiza tranzacţiei ~ balance - sold de numerar pentru tranzacţii ~ cost - cost de tranzacţie (ţaxele percepute de broker) ~ demand - cerere curentă ~ loans - împrumuturi pentm tranzacţii (pentru acoperirea necesarului de fond de rulmenf) ~ risk - risc de tranzacţie (riscul valutar datorat diferenţelor de curs în tranzacţiile comerciale internaţionale) ~s tax - impozit pe circulaţia mărfurilor (perceput în fiecare etapă a procesului de distribufie) ~ s velocity - viteză de rotaţie a banilor transatlantic adj. transatlantic

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TRA 331 ~ line - linie transatlantică ~ liner - transatlantic, navă de linie transatlantică transcontainer s. transcontainer transfer s. 1. transfer, mutare; transbordare 2. (dr.) transmitere, remitere, cedare {a unei proprietăţi, a unui drept etc.) 3. virament v.t. 1. a transfera, a muta; a transborda 2. (dr.) a transmite, a remite, a ceda (o proprietaîe, un drept etc.) 3. a vira (o sumă de bani) ~ account - cont de virament ~ agent - (SUA) agent de transfer (care înregistreazâ transferul titlurilor de valoare) ~ bank - bancă de virament ~ certificate - certificat de transfer (de acţiuni) ~ cheque - cec în virament ~ deed - act de transfer / vânzare (de acţiuni) ~ earnings - cost de oportunitate (rata rentabilităţii celei mai bune investiţii alternative disponibile) ~ entry - (cont.) articol de virament ~ fee - taxă de transfer (de acţiunî) ~ income / payments - venit / plăţi de transfer (pensii, ajutoare de şomaj etc.) ~ of balance - transfer de sold ~ of debts - transfer de creanţe ~ of funds - virament ~ of ownership - transmitere a dreptului de proprietate ~ order - dispoziţie de virament ~ price - preţ intem / de transfer (folosit în schimburile dintre sectoa- rele/diviziile unei companii multina- ţionale etc.) ~ register - registru de transfer (al acţiunilor)

~ service - serviciu de legătură / transbordare (a pasagerilor) ~ ticket - (c.f.) bilet valabil/de cores- pondenţă transferable adj. 1. transferabil; transmisibil 2. care poate fi cedat / cesionat; care poate face obiectul unei tranzacţii 3. transportabil ~ account - cont transferabil ~ bond - obligaţiune transmisibilă ~ property - bun transmisibil ~ securities - titluri de valoare negociabile transferee s. (dr.) cesionar transference s. transmitere, transferare (a unei creanţe) transferor s. 1. (dr.) transmiţător 2. andosator transire s. (mar.) permis de cabotaj transit s. tranzit; tranzitare v.t. a tranzita ~ agent - agent de tranzitări ~ bill - permis de tranzit ~ bond - act de garanţie pentru tranzit ~ charges - taxe de transport în tranzit ~ clause - clauza tranzitului ~ country - ţară de tranzit ~ department - serviciu (bancar') de decontare a cecurilor ~ dues / duties - taxe de tranzit ~ entry - declaraţie vamală de tranzit ~ goods - marfa în tranzit ~ manifest - manifest de tranzit ~ passenger - pasager în tranzit ~ port - port de tranzit ~ station - gară de tranzit ~ storage - depozitare a mărfurilor în tranzit ~ tariff - tarif de tranzit ~ trade - comerţ de reexport ~ traffîc - trafic de tranzit

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332 TRA ~ transport - transport în tranzit ~ visa - viză de tranzit ~ warehouse - depozit pentm mărfuri în tranzit ~ zone - zonă de tranzit transition s. tranzitie ~ period - perioadâ de tranziţie transitory adj. trecător, nepermanent ~ income - venit nepermanent translation s. translaţie ~ loss - (fîn.) pierdere de translaţie (pierdere cauzată de transpunerea situaţiilor financiare din valuta filialei străine în valuta societaţii-mama) transnational adj. transnaţional ~ corporation - corporaţie transna- ţională transport s. 1. transport; transportare, cărăuşie 2. mijloc de transport v.t. a transporta ~ agent - agent de transport ~ cafe - bufet pentru şoferi ~ charges - cheltuieli de transport ~ company - societate de transport ~ facilities - mijloace de transport ~ insurance - asigurare contra riscului de transport ~ line - linie de transport

service - serviciu de transport; serviciu de expediţii ~ worker - muncitor din transporturi transportability s. transportabilitate transportable adj. transportabil transportation s. 1. transport; transportare; cărăuşie 2. mijloc de transport 3. (SUA) cost / speze de transport 4. (SUA) foaie de drum; bilet de călătorie transporter s. transportator, antrepre-nor de transporturi

transship v.t. a transborda (mărfuri, pasageri) transshipment s. transbordare, trans- bord ~ bond note - transbord vamal ~ clause - clauză de transbordare ~ delivery order - permis de transbordare ~ entry - declaraţie de transbord ~ port - port de transbordare ~ pricking note - ordin vamal de transbordare ~ risk - risc de transbordare ~ traffîc - trafic combinat (feroviar, rutier etc.) travel s. călătorie, voiaj v.i. 1. a călători 2. (for) a fi comis-voiajor pentru (o firma) 3. (in) a fi comis- -voiajor în (o anumită branşă) ~ agency / bureau - agenţie / birou de voiaj

allowance - indemnizaţie de deplasare traveller s. 1. călător, voiajor 2. comis- -voiajor, agent comercial ~'s cheque - cec de călătorie ~'s letter of credit - scrisoare de credit de călătorie ~'s policy - poliţă de asigu'rare de călătorie (asigurare medicală, împo- triva furtului etc.) travelling s. călătorie, voiaj adj. 1. călător, voiajor 2. ambulant, mobil ~ allowance - indemnizaţie de deplasare ~ exhibition - expoziţie ambulantă ~ expenses - cheltuieli de călătorie / deplasare (m interes de serviciu / afacerî) - salesman - comis-voiajor, agent comercial

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TRA-TRI 333 trawl s. traul, năvod v.i. a pescui cu traulul trawler s. trauler ~ -factory - trauler de pescuit şi prelucrare ~ fleet - flotă de traulere trawling s. traulare, trauling, pescuit prin traulare treasure s. tezaur v.t. (up) a tezauriza, a acumula, a strânge ~ house - tezaur {încăpere) ~ -trove - (dr.) tezaur (farâ proprietar) treasurer s. 1. trezorier; administrator 2. casier (al unei societâţt) ~'s report - raport financiar treasury s. 1. tezaur (de stat}; trezo- rerie 2. fonduri (publice sau private) 3. ministerul de finanţe Treasury bill - bon de tezaur Treasury bond - obligaţiune de tezaur Treasury certificate - certificat de tezaur ~ management - management finan- ciar (al unei societăţi cu activitate internaţionala) Treasury note - bancnotă (emisâ după 1914 în Marea Britanie); bon valoric Treasury shares/stock - (SUA') acţiuni de tezaur (acţiuni comune răscum- părate de societatea emitentă de la acţionarî) Treasury tax and loan accounts - (SUA) conturi de plată a impozitelor treaty s. tratat, convenţie ~ obligations - obligaţii convenţionale ~ port - port deschis ~ reinsurance - convenţie de reasi- gurare trend ^. trend, tendinţă; direcţie, orientare

~ analysis - analiză de trend (analiw evoluţiei situaţiei financiare înregistratâ de ofirmă) trespass (dr.) s. 1. delict, contravenţie, încâlcare a legii 2. violare, încălcare (a unei proprietăţi, a unei frontiere) v.i. 1. a încălca legea 2. a viola o proprietate, o frontieră ~ to land - violare de proprietate trial s. 1. încercare, probă, verificare 2. proces, judecată; dare în judecată ~ balance - {cont.) balanţă de verificare ~ lot - lot (de mărfurî) de probă ~ offer - ofertă de mostre gratuite ~ order - comandă de probă ~ period - perioadă de probă triangular adj. triunghiular ~ trade - comerţ triunghiular tribunal s. tribunal trilateral adj. trilateral ~ trade - comert trilateral/triunghiular trim (mar.) s. 1. repartizare a încărcă- turii sau a balastului; rujare (a încărcâturiî) 2. asietă, diferenţă de pescaj v.t. a repartiza încărcătura sau balastul; a ruja (incărcătura) trimmed adj. rujat (despre încărcă- tura) trimmer s. (mar.) rujar trimming s. (mar.) rujare (a încărcâ- turii) trip s. călătorie, voiaj; cursă ~ charter - contract'de navlosire pe voiaj ~ charter tonnage - tonaj al navelor navlosite pe voiaj ~ leasing - închiriere (a unui conîeiner) pentru un singur transport triple adj. triplu v.t„ v.i. a (se) tripla

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334 TRI-TRU ~ option - (bur.) opţiune triplă (care este o opţiune dublă plus alte operaţiuni combinate) triplicate adj. triplu; în trei exemplare s. triplicat, al treilea exemplar v.t. a tripla; a redacta în trei exemplare tropical adj. tropical ~ products - produse tropicale trover s. (dr.) acţiune în restituire (a unui bun) troy s. troy, carat ~ ounce - uncie ~ weight - sistem de unităţi de greutate pentru metale preţioase truck s. 1. troc, schimb de mărftiri 2. plată în natură (a salariilor) 3. vagon- -platformă 4. (auto)camion; remorcă 5. legume, zarzavaturi (pentru piaţâ) v.t. 1. a schimba (ceva pe altceva), a face schimb de 2. a face comerţ ambulant cu / de 3. a transporta cu vagonul- -platformă sau camionul v.i. 1. a face troc 2. a plăti (salariile) în natură 3. a cultiva legume / zarzavaturi ~ and trailer - autotren ~ farm - legumicultor ~ farming / gardening - legumicultor ~ fleet - parc de autocamioane ~ haul(ing) - autotransport ~ hire - locaţie (a vagoanelor) ~ house - magazie de mărfuri ~ shop -magazin pentru muncitorii plătiţi în natură ~ system - plată a salariilor în natură; mărfdri date muncitorilor ca plată ~ trailer - remorcă de autocamion ~ -trailer combination - ansamblu de autovehicule, tren rutier; camion cu remorci ~ train - (c.f.) convoi de tragere ~ wages - salariu în natură

truckage s. 1. transport cu vagonul saii camionul; cărăuşie 2. taxă de cărăuşie trucker s. 1. camionagiu 2. persoană care face afaceri în domeniul transporturilor (feroviare sau ruîiere) trucking s. 1. transport cu vagonul sau camionul; cărâuşie 2. afaceri în domeniul transporturilor truckload s. vagon plin / complet ~ consignment - expediere vagonală true adj. adevărat, real ~ bill - (dr.) decizie de inculpare / punere sub acuzaţie ~ copy - copie fidelă ~ interest - dobândă reală ~ investment - investiţie aducătoare de profit (constant şi sigur) ~ value - valoare reală trust s. 1. încredere 2. situaţie de răspundere, responsabilitate, datorie 3. (ccm.) credit 4. depozit, sumă depusă; lucru dat spre păstrare; custodie 5. (dr.) tutelâ (asupra unui avut); mandat, împutemicire; administraţie prin tutelă / procură; fideicomis 6. trust adj. fiduciar, referitor la administraţia prin tutelă/procură v.t. 1. a avea încredere în, a se încrede în 2. a lăsa în custodia / păstrarea 3. (com.) a face / a acorda credit, a da pe credit ~ account - evaluare fiduciară (a unei proprietâţi}', cont fiduciar ~ bank - bancă specializată în girarea succesiunilor ~ company - societate de investiţii financiare, fond mutual; (SUA) societate fîduciară

cost - cost/comision pentru mandatare ~ deed/instrument - (dr.) contract fiduciar, procură

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TRU-TUR 335 ~ for sale - procură de vânzare ~ fund - fond fiduciar, avere sub tutelă

receipt - (fin.) recipisă de consemnare (împrumut în baza unei anumite garanţii ce râmâne la persoana împrumutatâ, dar care poate fi oricând controlată de către cel care acordâ împrumutuT) ~ territory - teritoriu sub tutelă / mandat ~ unit - acţiune la o societate de investitii fînanciare to be held in ~, to be under ~ - a fi deţinut în depozit fiduciar to hold in / on ~ - a avea în depozit fiduciar trustee s. 1. tutore 2. fiduciar; adminis-trator; mandatar; depozitar 3. membru m consiliul de administraţie (al unei societăţi) ~ account - cont fiduciar

corporation - societate care administrează drepturile acţionarilor (prin procura) ~ for sale - mandatar pentru vînzare ~ in bankruptcy - administrator judiciar ~ investments - investiţii din fondul fiduciar Trustee Savings Bank - Casa de Economii prin Mandatari ~ securities - titluri de valoare obţinute prin investiţii din fondul fiduciar ~ status - statut / situaţie legală a titlurilor de valoare obţinute prin investiţii din fondul fiduciar (risc scăzut al investiţiei) trusteeship s. 1. tutelă 2. administrare fiduciară, fîdeicomisiune ~ in bankruptcy - administrare judiciară

trustifîcation s. cartelare, grupare într-un trust trustify v.t., v.i. a (se) cartela, a (se) grupa într-un trust trustless adj. nesigur, pe care nu te poţi bizui; dubios trustworthiness A'. 1. încredere 2. solvabilitate trustworthy adj. 1. demn de încredere; cinstit 2. solvabil ~ customer - client solvabil ~ fîrm - firmă solvabilă ~ guarantee - garanţie serioasă ~ testimony - depoziţie irecuzabilă turn s. 1. schimbare 2. rând; tură, schimb 3. câştig, profit (dintr-o afacere) v.t. 1. a întoarce 2. a converti, a preschimba (m banî) 3. (down) a respinge (p ofertâ) 4. (off) a înceta lucrul, a intra în grevă 5. (out) a produce, a fabrica 6. (over) a realiza, a câştiga, a avea o cifră de afaceri de v.r. (oneself about) a se redresa (financiar) to ~ bankrupt - a da faliment turnkey adj. în antrepriză; gata de operare, la cheie ~ contract - contract în antrepriză (prin care se oferă echipament complet şi asistenţă pentru pornirea imediată a activităţiî) turnout s. 1. productie globală 2. grevă turnover s. 1. cifră de afaceri 2. fluctuaţie {a mâinii de lucru) 3. viteză de circulaţie a mărfurilor; viteză de rotatie a banilor 4. (bur.) valoare totală a tranzacţiilor (înregistrate într-o z,i) ~ job - reparaţie capitală ~ ratio - (cont.) rata circulaţiei mărfurilor (raportul dintre vânzârile totale ale unei fîrme pe o perioadâ

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336

determinată de timp şi valoarea activelor fixe) ~ sales - vânzări, circulaţia mărfurilor ~ tax - impozit pe circulaţia mărfurilor (perceput în fiecare etapă a procesului de distribuţie) turnpike s. 1. barieră (la intrarea pe autostrâzile cu taxâ) 2. autostradă cu taxă tutwork s. muncă în acord (în mine) twin adj. geamăn; dublu, pereche ~ -bedded - cu două paturi (identice) alăturate (despre o cameră de hotel) ~ berth clause - (mar.) clauza danei/„la rând" ~ deficits - (fin.) deficite gemene ~ -engined - bimotor ~ shares - acţiuni gemene (acţiunile a douâ societăţi independente din punct de vedere juridic care au aceiaşi acţionarf) ~ ship - navă de serie TUR-TYP

twinning s. împărtire, partajare (a iinui post cu normă întreagâ între doi angajaţi cu normă redusâ) two num. doi; două ~ -income family - familie cu două salarii (în care ambii părinţi sunt salariaţî) ~ -name paper - cambie comercială ~ -part tariff- tarif mixt ~ -sided accounts- (cont.) conturi pe două mbrici ~ -sided market - piaţă cu cotaţii bune (atât la vânzare, cât şi la cumpărare) tycoon s. magnat (industrial, fmanciar) tying adj. (dr.) care leagă / obligă, obligatoriu ~ contract - contract de exclusivitate type s. tip ~ sample - eşantion - tip typographer s. muncitor tipograf typography s. tipografie; tipar înalt

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U ullage s. 1. (mar.) ulaj, spaţiu gol (dintr-un tanc de marfă lâsat liber pentru a se asigura loc de expansiune în timpul îransportului) 1. (com.) cantitate de lichid necesară pentru completarea golurilor / scurgerilor din ambalaje v.t. (com.) 1. a calcula cantitatea de lichid care lipseşte din (un butoî) 2. a trage puţin lichid (dintr-un butoi) 3. a reumple {un butoi cu nivel scâzut) ~ foot / stick - picior de ulaj (unitate de mâsurâ)' ullaging s. măsurare a ulajului ultimate adj. 1. ultim, final 2. defînitiv 3. maxim, extrem ~ consumer - consumator final ~ decision - decizie definitivă ~ destination - destinaţie finală ~ load - încărcâtură maximă ~ output - producţie maximă ultimo adv. din luna trecută s. (bur.) sfârşit de lună; ultimele 10 zile ale lunii umpire s. arbitru unic, supraarbitru, mediator v.t. a arbitra (un diferend) v.i. a fi arbitru, a arbitra ~ analysis - analiză de expertiză / arbitraj unabsorbed adj. neabsorbit ~ cost - cost neabsorbit (cheltuieli de regie, alocate pentru asigurarea unei activităţi de producţie, neutilizate în totalitate) unacceptable adj. inacceptabil ~ terms - condiţii inacceptabile unaccepted adj. neacceptat

~ draft - trată neacceptată unacknowledged adj. 1. neconfirmat (depre vărsăminte, plâţî) 2. fără răspuns, neconfirmat (despre scrisori) 3. neacreditat (despre diplomaţi) unadjudged adj. (dr.) nejudecat, în litigiu unadulterated adj. natural, nefalsificat (despre bâuturâ) unalienable adj. inalienabil ~ property - bun inalienabil ~ right - drept inalienabil unapplied adj. neaplicat; nefolosit, neutihzat ~ funds - fonduri neutilizate ~ law - lege neaplicată unappropriated adj. neutilizat, nea- locat; nerepartizat, nedistribuit ~ earnings/profîts - profit nereparti- zat/ nedistribuit (acţionarilor, în scopul formârii defonduri de investiţii) ~ funds - fond neutilizat/fâră destinaţie specială unapproved adj. neaprobat unascertained adj. neverificat, necon- statat; neidentificat ~ fact - fapt neconstatat ~ goods - mârfiiri neidentificate / neindividualizate (in contract) unassessed adj. neevaluat, neimpus ~ property - proprietate neevaluată / neimpusă unassignable adj. inalienabil, netrans- ferabil unassorted adj. neasortat, dezasortat unassured adj. neasigurat

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338 UNA-UNC unattested adj. neatestat ~ certificate - certificat nelegalizat unaudited adj. neverificat {de cenzorî) unauthorized adj. neautorizat ~ signature - semnătură neautorizată ~ trade - comerţ neautorizat / ilicit unavailability s. indisponibilitate; lipsă (de lichidităţi) unavailable adj. indisponibil ~ capital - capital indisponibil/nelichid ~ goods - mărfuri indisponibile/ deficitare unavailableness v. unavailability unavoidable adj. obligatoriu, inevitabil ~ costs - costuri fixe / obligatorii unbalanced adj. neechilibrat; nesoldat ~ account - cont nesoldat ~ budget - buget deficitar unbale v.t. a despacheta baloturi (de marfa) unborrowed adj. neîmprumutat ~ reserves - (SUA) rezerve proprii {rezervele bancare minus cantitatea împrumutată de bănci de la Banca Federală de Rezervâ) unbox v.î. a scoate din cutie; a despacheta din lâzi unbundling s. (fin.) desprindere, disociere (divizarea fluxurilor de numerar de la filiala unei societăţi- -mamâ în mai multe elemente compo- nente pentru creşterea probabilităţii existenţei unor fonduri în perioade de dificultate economica} unbusinesslike adj. 1. necomercial, contrar uzanţelor comerciale 2. lipsit de spirit comercial, nepriceput în afaceri 3. incorect, necinstit (despre un procedeu) uncalled adj. nesolicitat, necerut

~ capital

- (bur.) capital în acţiuni (plătibile în rate de

neachitate acţionarî) ~ for mesure - măsurâ nejustificată uncancelled adj. neanulat uncase v.t. a scoate din lăzi uncased adj. fârâ cutie uncatalogued adj. necatalogat ~ goods - marfa necatalogată / care nu figureazâ în catalog uncertain adj. nesigur; schimbător, variabil, fluctuant ~ amount - sumă nedeterminată ~ market - piaţă fluctuantă uncertainty s. (fin.) incertitudine (termen de risc) ~ of office / tenure - amovibilitate uncertified adj. necertificat, neatestat unchartered adj. (mar.) nenavlosit unclaimed adj. nerevendicat, neridicat ~ goods - mărfuri neridicate ~ right - drept nerevendicat unclean adj. murdar ~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament murdar {cu menţiunea recepţionârii mârfii în stare nesatisfăcătoare/ improprie) uncleared adj. neachitat, nelichidat (despre datorii); nevămuit (despre mărfuri) ~ cheque - cec necompensat uncollected adj. neperceput, neîncasat {despre taxe, impozite) uncollectibility s. imposibilitate de a încasa (taxe, impoz.ite) unconditional adj. necondiţionat ~ acceptance - acceptare necondiţi- onată / fară rezerve ~ endorsement - andosare necondi- ţionată

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UNC-UND 339 ~ expected profîts - beneficii scontate fară rezerve ~ order - ordin (de plată) simplu / neconditionat unconfirmed adj. neconfirmat ~ letter of credit - acreditiv necon- firmat unconscionable adj. dezavantajos; în necunoştinţă de cauză ~ bargain - (dr.) tranzacţie dezavan- tajoasă / în necunoştinţă de cauză unconsolidated adj. neconsolidat ~ debt - datorie neconsolidată unconvertible adj. neconvertibil ~ currency - monedă neconvertibilă uncovered adj. neacoperit, fară acoperire ~ circulation - circulaţie (monetara) fară acoperire ~ risk - (asig.) risc descoperit uncrossed adj. nebarat ~ cheque - cec nebarat uncustomed adj. 1. nevămuit 2. scutit de taxe vamale undamaged adj. neavariat undated adj. nedatat ~ bonds - obligaţiuni perpetue/fară termen / scadenţă undelivered adj. nelivrat under prep. sub adj. inferior; subaltem, subordonat ~ advice - cu aviz ~ article - conform articolului ~ bond - în garanţie (despre mârfuri păstrate în antrepozit până la plata taxelor vamale) ~ deed - cu contract ~ liner terms - în condiţii de linie (despre o navă) ~ new ownership - cu alt proprietar ~ offer - de vânzare

~ protest - (dr.) cu protest (despre o plata) ~ ship's derrick - (mar.) sub palanc (formulâ dintr-un conosament care aratâ cd responsabilitatea armatorului faţâ de caric înceteazâ când încârcătura poatefi descărcata} ~ -the-counter - pe sub tejghea / mână (despre vânzărî); ilicit, ilegal ~ the date of - cu data de ~ will - cu testament underbid v.t. a face o ofertă mai avantajoasă decât (concurenţa); a oferi (mărfuri, servicii) sub preţul (pieţeî) s. ofertă avantajoasă / sub preţul pieţei undercapitalized adj. subcapitalizat undercharge v.t. 1. a socoti mai puţin, a plăti sub tarif2. a încârca incomplet / insuficient s. 1. plată / socoteală în minus 2. încărcătură incompletă underclerk s. funcţionar subaltem underconsumption s. subconsum undercut v.t. a vinde mai ieftin / sub preţ underdealings s. pl. tratative neoficiale underdeck s. (mar.) punte inferioară ~ capacity - capacitate a spaţiului de sub punte ~ tonnage - tonaj sub punte underdeveloped adj. subdezvoltat ~ country - ţară subdezvoltată underemployment s. 1. folosire incompletă a forţei de muncă, şomaj parţial 2. folosire a fortei de muncă sub calificarea ei ~ equilibrium - echilibru în condiţiile utilizării incomplete a fortei de muncă underestimate v.t. a subestima, a subevalua s. subestimare, subevaluare underfreight v.t. (mar.) a subnavlosi underground s. metrou

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UND underinsurance s. asigurare partială, subasigurare underinsure v.t. a asigura partial, a subasigura underinvoicing s. facturare sub preţ underlease v.t. a subînchiria; a subarenda s. subînchiriere; subarendare underlessee s. subchiriaş; subarendaş underlessor s. persoană care subînchiriază sau subarendează underlet v.t. 1. a închiria say a subarenda sub valoarea reală 2. a subînchiria; a subarenda underload v.t. a subîncărca s. sarcină partială / incompletă underloading s. subîncărcare undermentioned adj. menţionat mai jos underpay v.t. a plâti sau a salariza insuficient underprice v.t. a fixa un preţ mai mic decât valoarea produselor sau decât cel practicat de concurenţă underproduce v.t. a produce sub randamentul normal underproduction ^. subproducţie underquote v.t. a cota / a oferi mai ieftin / sub preţ; a subevalua, a subestima underrate v.t. a subevalua, a subestima; a subimpune (un imobH) undersecretary s. subsecretar {de staî) undersell v.î. a vinde mai ieftin / subpreţ; a vinde la un preţ mai mic decât valoarea intrinsecă (a mărfiî) undersign v.t. a subsemna, a subscrie understaffed adj. cu personal insuficient understock v.t. a fumiza/a aproviziona insuficient

undertaker s. 1. antreprenor 2. antreprenor de pompe funebre undertaking s. 1. antrepriză; societate de servicii publice 2. (dr.) angajament/ promisiune ferm(ă) 3. pompe funebre undertenancy s. 1. subînchiriere; subarendare; contract de subînchiriere sau subarendare 2. calitatea de subchiriaş sau subarendaş undertenant s. subchiriaş; subarendaş undertone s. (bur.) dispoziţie, atitudine, impresie; atmosferă (care influenţeazâ tranzacţiile) undervaluation s. subevaluare, subapreciere undervalue v.t. a subevalua, a subapre-cia underweight s. greutate redusă / sub cea normală underwork v.t. 1. a executa (o lucrare) la repezeală / de mântuială 2. a lucra mai ieftin decât v.i. a lucra puţin / insuficient; a lucra de mântuială s. muncă necalificatâ / inferioară underwrite v.t. 1. a sprijini (financiar'), a finanţa 2. a asigura; a încheia (un contract de asigurare maritimâ etc.) 3. (bur.) a subscrie (o emisiune de titluri de valoare) underwriter s. 1. asigurător (maritim), agent de asigurare; societate de asigurări 2. (bur.') subscriitor ~ 's policy - poliţă de asigurare {maritimă) underwriting s. 1. asigurare {maritimă etc.) 2. (bur.) subscriere ~ agent - agent de asigurare ~ agreement / contract - contract de subscriere

commission - comision de subscriere

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UND-UNE 341 ~ syndicate - sindicat de subscriere (alcătuit din bănci şi societâţi de investiţii pentru a acoperi riscul asociat lansârii şi distribuirii unei noi emisiuni de tiîluri de valoare) undisbursed adj. nedebursat ~ balance - sold nedebursat undischarged adj. 1. nedescărcat 2. neachitat ~ bankrupt - (dr.) falit nereabilitat undisclosed adj. nedivulgat, nenomi- nalizat ~ buyer - (bur.) cumpărător nenomi- nalizat ~ partner - comanditar ~ seller - (bur.) vânzător nenomi- nalizat undistributed adj. nedistribuit, nere- partizat ~ earnings / profits - profit reţinut / nedistribuit (acţionarilor, în scopul formării defonduri de investiţiî) undivided adj. neîmpărtit; nedistribuit ~ earnings / profits - profit nedistribuit (acţionarilor, în scopul formării defonduri de investiţiî) ~ property - (dr.) proprietate indiviză undo v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un contract) undock v.t. a scoate (o nava) din docuri v.i. a ieşi din docuri (despre o nava) undue adj. 1. inexigibil; nescadent 2. ilegal ~ debt - datorie inexigibilă ~ influence - (dr.) influenţă ilegalâ, presiune (pentru semnarea unui contracf) unearned adj. nemuncit ~ income - venit nemuncit (rente, dobânzi, dividende)

~ increment - creştere spontană a valorii (funciare, imobiliare nedatorată îmbunătâţirilor) ~ premium - primă necâştigată (restituită asiguratulni de societatea de asigurări când proprietatea acestuia nu afost ameninţată de risc) uneconomic adj. neeconomic, neren-tabil unemployable adj. care nu poate fi angajat unemployed adj. 1. şomer, fară lucru 2. nefolosit, neutilizat; inactiv, neproductiv ~ capital - capital neutilizat / mort ~ fund - fond inactiv / neproductiv unemployment s. şomaj ~ benefit / compensation / dole / pay relief - ajutor / alocatie de şomaj ~ equilibrium - echilibm în condiţii de şomaj ~ exchange - birou de plasare ~ fund - fond de asigurare de şomaj ~ insurance - asigurare de şomaj ~ trap - capcana şomajului (lipsa de motivaţie a şomerului de a căuta o slujbâ atâta vreme cât primeşte ajutorul de şomaj) unencumbered adj. negrevat (de sarcini ipotecare) unendorsed adj. neandosat unenforceable adj. neexecutoriu (despre un contract, o hotărâre judecă-toreasca) unentered adj, neînregistrat, 'nedecla-rat ~ goods - mărfuri nedeclarate (in vama) unequipped adj. neechipat, neadaptat ~ port - port fară vamă şi antrepozite vamale

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342 UNE-UNI unexecuted adj. 1. neexecutat, nerea- lizat (despre un plan etc.) 1. nele- galizat, nevalidat (despre un act etc.) unexpected adj. neaşteptat, neprevăzut ~ costs - cheltuieli neprevăzute unfair adj. 1. nedrept, injust 2. necinstit, neloial; ilegal ~ competition - concurenţă neloială ~ dismissal - concediere / destituire ilegală ~ labour practice - folosire ilegală a mâinii de lucru ~ trade practices - practici comerciale neloiale unfavourable adj. nefavorabil ~ balance of trade - balanţă comer- cială pasivă / deficitarâ ~ terms - condiţii (conîractuale) nefavorabile unfinished adj. neterminat; bmt, neprelucrat ~ goods - semifabricate unfreeze v.t. a debloca (fondurî) unfunded adj. neconsolidat ~ debt - datorie publică neconsolidată unified adj. unificat

bond - obligaţiune unificată/ consolidatâ uniform adj. uniform, omogen ~ cargo - caric / încărcâtură uniform(ă) ~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire tip ~ costing - calcul uniform al preţului de cost ~ system of accounts - sistem de contabilitate uniform unilateral adj. unilateral ~ contract - contract unilateral ~ monopoly - monopol unilateral unincorporated adj. (SUA) 1. necon-stituit sub forma unei corporaţii 2.

neconstituit sub forma unei munici- palităţi ~ association - asociaţie nonprofit uninsurable adj. neasigurabil ~ risk - risc neasigurabil uninsured adj. neasigurat ~ parcel - colet fâră valoare declarată union s. 1. uniune; asociaţie 2. sindicat, uniune (profesionaîă) ~ agreement - acord pentru tarife vamale ~ card - camet de sindicalist ~ labour - muncitori sindicalizaţi ~ shop - întreprindere sindicalizată (in care sunt angajaţi muncitori nesindi- calizaţi cu condiţia ca ei sâ devină membri ai unui sindicat în termen de 30 de zile de la angajare)', contract colectiv unionism s. sindicalism unionist 5'. sindicalist unique adj. unic

feature - particularitate (de fabricaţie) proprie unui anumit model ~ selling proposition - (com.) caracteristică unică (trăsături specifice care diferenţiazâ un produs de concurenţâ şi care pot fi transmise consumatorului prin intermediul unui mesaj publicitar simplu) unissued adj. neemis (despre acţiuni, obligaţiuni) ~ capital - capital în acţiuni neemise unit ^.unitate ~ banking - sistem bancar unitar (in care nu se admit filiale) ~ cost - preţ de cost pe unitate / unitar; preţ de cost mediu ~ -holder - acţionar al unei societâţi de investitii financiare

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UNI-UNN 343 ~ load - încărcătură pe unitatea de suprafaţâ; pachet de marfâ, marfa pachetizată / containerizată ~ of account - unitate de cont ~ of measure - unitate de măsură ~ of value - unitate de valoare ~ price - preţ unitar ~ tax - impozit pe unitate / unitar ~ trust - societate de investiţii financiare, fond mutual ~ type - mostră medie (din diferite unitâţi de marfâ) ~ value - valoare unitară (coeficient care exprimâ valoarea totalâ a unei anumite producţii comerciale, într-o perioadâ determinată de timp, împărţită la volumul acesteid) ~ weight - greutate specifică / unitară unity s. unitate ~ of command and direction - unitate de emitere a ordinelor şi de conducere (principiu managerial conform căruia un salariat trebuie să primească indicaţii de la un singur superior) ~ of joint property - proprietate comună / în comun ~ of possession - (dr.) integralitate / consolidare a proprietăţii (prin eliberarea de servituţi etc.) unlade v.t. a descărca unlawful adj. ilegal, ilicit unlawfulness s. ilegalitate unlicensed adj. 1. neautorizat 2. nepatentat, nebrevetat ~ premises - local fară autorizaţie de vânzare a băuturilor alcoolice unlimited adj. nelimitat ~ company - societate cu răspundere nelimitată ~ credit - credit nelimitat ~ liability - răspundere nelimitată

~ securities - titluri de valoare necotate (tranzacţionate pe piaţa extra- bursieră) ~ tax liability - fiscalitate nelimitată unliquidated adj. nelichidat ~ damages - daune/despăgubiri necon- tractuale (stabilite de instanţă) ~ debt - datorie nelichidată unlisted adj. nelistat, necotat (la bursă) ~ company - societate necotată

market - piaţă neoficială/ extrabursieră ~ securities - titluri de valoare nelistate (tranzacţionate pe piaţa extrabursieră) ~ securities market - piaţa extrabur-sieră a titlurilor de valoare unload v.t. 1. a descărca 2. a vinde m cantităţi mari, a inunda piaţa cu (produse, titluri de valoare) unloaded adj. descărcat ~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament al navei goale / fară marfa; greutate a navei goale ~ passage - (mar.) călătorie în balast (la petroliere şi mineraliere) ~ weight - greutate descărcată unloading s. descărcare ~ agent - agent de descărcare ~ berth - dană de descărcare ~ charges - cheltuieli de descărcare ~ period - timp afectat descărcării ~ priority - prioritate la descărcare ~ rate - normă de descărcare unmanufactured adj. neprelucrat; în stare brută, brut ~ materials - materii prime unmarketable adj. nevandabil unmatured adj. nescadent unmerchantable v. unmarketable unmortgaged adj. neipotecat unnavigable adj. nenavigabil

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344 UNN-UNS unnegotiable adj. nenegociabil unoffîcial adj. neoficial ~ rate of exchange - curs neoficial de schimb ~ strike - grevă neautorizatâ unpaid adj. neplătit ~ capital - capital nevărsat ~ -for - neachitat, luat pe credit unplaced adj. nevândut, neplasat unpriced adj. fără preţ, neevaluat unproductive adj. neproductiv ~ capital - capital neproductiv / mort ~ consumption - consum neproductiv ~ labour - mână de lucru neproductivă ~ wages - salarii indirect productive unproductiveness s. neproductivitate unprofitable adj. neprofitabil, neren- tabil unqualified adj. necalificat unquoted adj. necotat (la bursa) ~ securities - titluri de valoare necotate (ţranzacţionate pe piaţa extra- bursierâ) unrated adj. neevaluat; netaxat, neimpus unrealizable adj. nerealizabil ~ capital - capital nerealizabil/nelichid ~ goods - mărfuri nevandabile unreceipted adj. neachitat unregistered adj. neînregistrat unremunerated adj. neremunerat unrequited adj. neplătit, necompensat (despre exporturi etc.) unrivalled adj. fară rival unsaleable v. unmarketable unsatisfîed adj. nesatisfacut, neonorat (despre o cerere, o datorie etc.) unseaworthiness ^. (mar.) stare necorespunzâtoare de navigabilitate unseaworthy adj. (mar.) în stare necorespunzătoare de navigabilitate

unsecured adj. negarantat, fară garanţie '- creditor - creditor fără garanţie/ general/chirografar debenture - obligaţiune chirografară ~ loan - împrumut negarantat / descoperit ~ note - notă de debit negarantată ~ overdraft - descoperit m cont fărâ garanţie unsettled adj. 1. nereglementat, nesoluţionat 2. neachitat, neplătit, neonorat 3. instabil, fluctuant unship v.t. a debarca (pasageri); a descărca (mărfuri) unshipped adj. (mar.) neexpediat ~ contract - contract pentm mărfuri neexpediate unskilled adj. necalificat ~ work - muncă necalificată ~ worker - muncitor necalificat unsocial adj. nesocial ~ hours - program de lucru la ore nepotrivite (care îl împiedicâ pe muncitor să aibâ o viaţâ socială normală) unsold adj. nevândut s. pl. mărfuri retumabile (fumizorului), solduri unsorted adj. nesortat unspent adj. necheltuit unsteadiness s. instabilitate (a pieţei etc.) unsubscribed adj. nesubscris (despre capital) unsubsidized adj. nesubvenţionat unsuitability s. investitie necorespun- zătoare unsystematic adj. nesistematic ~ risk - risc nesistematic (riscul diversificabil sau specific unei anumite companii, cauzat de factori caracte-

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UNS-USE 345 ristici acesteia, şi care poatefi eliminat prin pâstrarea acţiunilor companiei într-un portofoliu diversificat) untaxable adj. neimpozabil unvalued adj. neevaluat ~ policy - poliţă de asigurare neevaluatâ (care nu specifică valoarea interesului asigurat) ~ shares - acţiuni fâră valoare nominală unvouched adj. negarantat unwarranted adj. negarantat, fară garanţie up adv. sus adj. crescut, ridicat; în creştere (despre preţurî) s. ridicare, mărire (a preţnrilor) ~ -market - în creştere (despre un magazin cu tendinţâ de vânzare a mărfurilor scumpe şi calitativ superioare) ~ -price clause - clauza creşterii preţurilor ~ -to-date - modem, actualizat to go ~ in price - a se scumpi to send ~ prices - a provoca o creştere a preţurilor upcoming adj. următor, care urmează; anticipat (despre câştiguri la bursă) update v.t. a modemiza, a actualiza upkeep s. 1. întreţinere 2. cheltuieli de întreţinere ~ expenses - cheltuieli de întreţinere upset v.t., v.i. a (se) răstuma ~ price - (SUA) preţ iniţial / de strigare [la licitaţie) upstream adj. în amonte ~ subsidies - subvenţii în amonte (subvenţii acordate furnizorului de materie primă pentru un produs) upswing v. upturn

uptrend s. tendinţă de creştere (economica) upturn s. creştere, mărire (a preţnrilor etc.) upward adj. ascendent, de urcare ~ tendency / trend - tendinţă ascendentă / de urcare usage s. 1. utilizare, folosire 2. uzanţă {comerciala) usance s. 1. utilizare, folosire 2. uzanţă (stabilirea termenelor de plată pentru cambii ce trebuie achitate într-o ţară străină, potrivit practicii uzuale comerciale) ~ bill - cambie la termen conform uzanţei use s. 1. utilizare, uz, folosire 2. utilitate, folos v.t. 1. a utiliza, a folosi 2. (up) a consuma (complet), a epuiza ~ and occupancy policy - (SUA) poliţă de asigurare indirectă / contra pierderii profitului ~ factor - factor de utilizare ~ of undue authority - abuz de putere ~ tare - tară conform uzanţei to be in ~ - a fi folosit to be out of ~ - a fi ieşit din uz to come into ~ - a intra în uz, a fi introdus to fall out of ~ - a ieşi din uz used adj. 1. utilizat, folosit; consumat, epuizat 2. uzat, vechi; de ocazie ~ stamp - timbru ştampilat / obliterat useful adj. util; uzual; net ~ capacity - capacitate utilă ~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate utilă/ netă de încărcare ~ dispatch - celeritate uzuală ~ life - durată de exploatare / funcţionare / utilizare ~ load - sarcinâ / greutate utilă

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346

~ weight - greutate utilă user s. 1. utilizator, beneficiar; consumator 2. (dr.) uzufructuar 3. (dr.) drept de uzufruct ~ -friendly - bine proiectat / conceput (despre un produs) usual adj. uzual ~ dispatch - celeritate uzuală ~ tare - greutate uzuală a tarei ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) uzuale usufruct 5. (dr.) uzufruct usufructuary adj., s. (dr.) uzufructuar ~ right - drept de uzufruct usurer s. cămătar usurious adj. cămătăresc usury s. 1. camătă 2. cămătărie ~ laws - legi împotriva cametei ~ rate - dobândă uzurară to lend upon ~ - a împrumuta cu camătă USE-UTT

to practise ~ - a face cămătărie utensil s. ustensilă, instrument, unealtă utilitarianism s. utilitarism utility s. 1. utilitate, folos 2. serviciu public; gospodărie comunală / municipală 3. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor de servicii publice adj. utilitar ~ car/vehicle - furgonetă, autoutilitară ~ magnate - (SUA) mare comerciant; capital investit într-o societate de servicii publice ~ refuse / waste - deşeuri refolosibile utmost adj. maxim ~ good faith - (asig., dr.) maximă bună-credinţă (pbligaţia persoanei care încheie o asigurare de a oferi asigurătorului toate informaţiile referitoare la bunurile sau interesele propuse pentru asigurare) utter v.t. a pune în circulaţie (bani falşi, documente false)

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v vacancy s. post vacant; loc vacant ~ rate - rata proprietăţilor neînchiriate (pe piaţa imobiliară); rata camerelor libere (intr-un hotel) vacant adj. vacant, liber, neocupat ~ possession - (dr.) luare în posesie (a unei proprietăţi neocupate) ~ succession - (dr.) moştenire vacantă vacatable adj. 1. anulabil (despre un contract) 2. disponibil (despre un spaţiu) vacate v.t. (dr.) a anula (un contract) 2. a-şi da demisia din {serviciu) 3. a evacua (un spaţiu) vacating adj. demisionar vacation s. 1. eliberare {a unui spaţiu, a unui post) 1. vacanţă {şcolarâ, universitarâ, judiciară); concediu

allowance - indemnizaţie de concediu ~ pay - plată a concediului ~ shut-down - închidere (a firmeî} pe perioada concediilor valid adj. 1. valid; valabil, în vigoare 2. motivat, întemeiat (despre obiecţii, reclamaţii etc.) ~ contract - contract în vigoare validate v.t. a valida, a legaliza validity s. validitate; valabilitate valorization s. (fin.) valorizare (menţinere a preţurilor prin subvenţii de stat); stabilire a preţurilor în mod arbitrar (,şi nu ca rezultat al cereri şi oferteî) valorize v.t. a subvenţiona (preţurile prin intervenţia statului)

valuable adj. valoros, de valoare s. pl. obiecte valoroase / de valoare ~ consideration - (dr.) titlu oneros ~ goods - mărfuri de valoare valuate v.t. a evalua, a estima, a preţui valuation s. evaluare, estimare, preţuire; valoare estimată ~ charges - cheltuieli de evaluare ~ clause - (.asig.) clauza evaluării ~ survey - expertiză de evaluare; taxare forestieră valuator s. evaluator, preţuitor; persoană care face un deviz value s. 1. valoare 2. preţ, cost; tarif3. evaluare, preţuire; deviz v.t. a evalua, a estima, a preţui

added - valoare adăugată (materialelor prin procesul de producţie sau distribuţie) ~ -added tax - taxa pe valoarea adâugată ~ analysis - analiza / tehnologia valorii (analiza componentelor şi a operaţiilor pentru obţinerea unui produs în vederea realizării aceleiaşi calităţi la un cost mai redus) ~ chain - (man.) lanţul valorii (totalitatea activităţilor interdepen-dente desfăşurate într-o corporaţie) ~ day of receipt - valoare în ziua primirii ~ engineering - optimizare a valorii {studierea fiecărei etape din fabricarea unui produs în scopul reducerii costurilor de producţie fârâ a afecta calitatea acestuia)

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348 VAL-VEG ~ given - valoare fumizată ~ given clause - clauza valorii fumizate ~ goods - mărfuri de valoare ~ here and there - valoare compensată ~ in account - valoare în cont ~ in earning power - valoare de rentabilitate ~ in exchange - valoare de schimb (a unei mărfi exprimată prin pret) ~ in use - valoare practică (a unui produs raportată la utilitatea sa pentru om) ~ judgement - opinie profesionalâ/a unui specialist ~ letter - scrisoare de valoare ~ of money - valoare a banilor, putere de cumpărare ~ received - valoare primită (formulâ pe o cambie) ~ to a going business - participaţie la o societate în activitate / producţie ~ work done - expertiză a unei lucrări to be good ~ - a fi avantajos / ieftin to be of ~ - a avea valoare to get ~ for one's money - a-şi valorifica banii to make good the ~ of - a compensa valoarea valued adj. evaluat, estimat, preţuit ~ policy - (asig. mar.) poliţă evaluată (care specifică valoarea interesului asigurat) valueless adj. fară valoare valuelessness s. lipsă de valoare valuer s. preţuitor, evaluator, calculator; taxator van s. 1. furgon, furgonetă; camion 2. vagon de marfă (acoperit) v.t. a transporta (mărfuri) în furgoane sau vagoane

~ ship - navă portcontainere variable adj. variabil ~ budget - buget variabil ~ capital - capital variabil ~ cost - cost variabil/direct ~ costing - (cont.) stabilire a preţului de cost variabil / marginal ~ levy - taxă (vamală) variabilă (pentru produsele de import) ~ rate mortgage - (SUA) ipotecă cu dobândă variabilă variance s. varianţă ~ analysis - analiză dispersională/de variantă (analiza diferenţelor dintre costurile şi veniturile alocate şi cele actuale) • variation s. variaţie, modificare (a preţurilor) variational adj. supus variaţiilor variety s. 1. varietate, diversitate 2. asortiment ~ of patterns - asortiment de eşantionare ~ reduction - reducere a gamei de produse (fabricate sau comercializate) ~ shop / store - magazin general; magazin de mărfuri ieftine various adj. variat, divers, diferit vary v.t., v.i. 1. a varia, a (se) modifica, a (se) schimba 2. a (se) diversifica (despre ofertă) varying adj. 1. variabil, care variază 2. variat, divers s. variaţie, modificare ~ terms - condiţii (contractuale) variabile vault s. 1. cameră de valori / tezaur {într-o bancâ); trezorerie 2. casă de bani, seif3. pivniţă ~ cash - rezerve în numerar vegetable adj. vegetal s. legumă, zarzavat

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VEG-VIA 349 ~ garden - grădină de zarzavat ~ oil - ulei vegetal vehicle s. vehicul, mijloc de transport ~ ferry - feribot de automobile ~ fleet - parc de vehicule vehicular adj. vehicular, referitor la vehicule velocity s. viteză ~ of circulation - viteză de circulaţie (a banilor în economie) vend v.t. 1. (dr.) a vinde 2. a vinde, a oferi spre vânzare (lucruri de micâ valoare) vendee s. (dr.) cumpărător vender v.vendor vendibility s. vandabilitate vendible adj. vandabil vending adj. de vânzare ~ machine - automat (pentru vânzarea băuîurilor râcoritoare, a ziarelor etc.) vendor s. vânzător ~ 's lien - (dr.) drept de retenţie al vânzătorului (până când cumpârătorul achitâ integral preţul proprietăţii) ~ s' shares - acţiuni ale vânzătorilor (pferite în loc de bani vânzâtorilor unei societăţi, iniţial fondatorii ei) vendue s. (SUA) licitaţie ~ master - persoană care conduce o licitaţie venture s. 1. acţiune (comercialâ} 2. speculaţie 3. afacere comportând multe riscuri; obiect al afacerii / speculaţiei v.t„ v.i. a risca ~ capital - capital de risc verbal adj. verbal ~ agreement - acord verbal ~ contract - contract verbal ~ offer - ofertă verbală vertical adj. vertical

~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune verticală (achiziţia unei finne de către unul dintre furnizori sau clienţî) ~ combination/integration - combi-nare/integrare verticală (integrarea producfiei cu sursele de aprovizionare şi cupieţele de desfacere) ~ expansion - expansiune verticală (creşterea producţiei agricole prin îmbunătăţîrea productivităţii terenului cultivat existenf) ~ restrictions - restricţii verticale (impuse vânzătorului sau cumpârâ-torului unui articol) ~ trust - trust vertical vessel s. navă; ambarcaţiune ~ bond - ipotecă maritimă/pe navă ~ policy - poliţă (de asigurare) a navei ~ rating - clasificare a navei ~ 's documents / papers - acte ale navei (de registru şi de companie) ~ stowage list - cargoplan, plan de încărcare ~ ton - tonă-registru ~ tonnage - tonaj al navei (in tone-- registru) vest v.t. 1. (dr.) a învesti, a împutemici (cu drepturi) 2. a plasa, a investi v.i. a-şi plasa banii, a face investitii to ~ property in smb. - a pune pe cineva în posesie to ~ smb. with a function - a învesti pe cineva într-o funcţie vested adj. 1. investit, plasat {despre un capital) 2. legitim, legal; întemeiat ~ interest - titlu / drept de proprietate ~ interests - grup de interese (economice) via prep. via, prin s. exemplar (al unei cambii)

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350 VIC-VOL vicarious adj. 1. delegat, mandatar 2. prin delegat / mandatar; facut pentru altul / în locul altuia ~ authority - autoritate delegatâ ~ liability - (dr.) obligaţie cedată unui delegat / mandatar vice s. defect, viciu ~ propre - (asig.) viciu propriu/inerent (unei mărfî) vice- pref. vice ~ -chairman - vicepreşedinte (al unui comitet etc.) ~ -consul - viceconsul ~ -president - vicepreşedinte victual s. pl. alimente, provizii v.t. a aproviziona cu alimente victualler s. 1. fumizor de alimente 2. cârciumar victualling s. aprovizionare cu alimente ~ allowance - indemnizaţie de alimente / hrană; cotă / raţie de alimente ~ bill - (mar.) permis de aprovizionare (fâră plata taxelor vamale) ~ house - bufet, birt vindictive adj. de penalizare ~ damages - despăgubiri cu titlu de penalizare vine s. viţă de vie ' ~ culture / growing - viticultură ~ grower - viticultor vineyard s. vie, podgorie vinicultural adj. vinicol viniculture s. vinicultură viniculturist s. viticultor vintage s. 1. cules al viilor 2. recoltă, producţie vinicolă (a unui an) 3. vin de calitate ~ wine - vin de calitate ~ year - an cu vin de calitate

vintner s. 1. podgorean 2. comerciant de vinuri vintnery s. comert cu vinuri visa s. viză v.t. a viza {un paşaport) visible adj. vizibil ~ balance - balanţă vizibilă (care include exporturile şi importurile vizibile) ~ exports - exporturi vizibile (exportul de mărfurî)

imports ~ importuri vizibile (importul de mărfurî} ~ reserve - (cont.} rezervă vizibilă {menţionatâ în bilanţul contabîl) vocation s. meserie, profesie; carierâ vocational s. profesional ~ counselling - îndrumare profesională ~ education / teaching - învăţământ profesional ~ rehabilitation - readaptare profesio-nală ~ training - formare profesională void adj. 1. vacant, liber (despre un post) 2. (dr.) nul, fară efect, lovit de nulitate v.t. (dr.) a anula, a rezilia (un contract) ~ clause - clauză nulă ~ contract - contract reziliat voidable adj. anulabil, reziliabil voidableness •s'. anulabilitate, rezilia-bilitate voidance s. anulare, reziliere voidness s. (dr.) nulitate, nevalabilitate volatile adj. schimbător, instabil (despre piaţa bursieră) volume s. volum ~ business - comert en gros ~ calculation - calculare a tonajului ~ capacity - capacitate de transport a mârfurilor de volum

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VOL-VOY 351 ~ chart - diagramă volumetrică de activitate (pe o anumită perioadă) ~ discount - rabat de cantitate ~ index - indice de cantitate ~ of trade - volum al schimburilor comerciale voluntary adj. 1. voluntar, din proprie iniţiativă 2. benevol, susţinut prin contribuţii voluntare 3. facultativ 4. (dr.) voluntar; intenţionat ~ chains / groups - lanţ / asociaţie voluntar(ă) (de detailişti care au convenit să cumpere de la un singur angrosist, în schimbul unor facilităţi şi avantaje) ~ consequence / conveyance / disposition - (dr.) transmitere / cesiune voluntară / cu titlu gratuit ~ exports restraints - limitare voluntară a exporturilor (dintr-un anumit sector) - insurance - asigurare facultativă ~ liquidation / winding-up - (dr.) executare voluntară ~ organization - organizaţie finanţată prin contribuţii benevole (ale mem- brilor ei) ~ sale - vânzare voluntară ~ saving - economie voluntară - stranding - (mar.) eşuare voluntară (pentru salvare) ~ unemployment - şomaj voluntar ~ waste - distrugere intenţionată (pentru încasarea asigurării) 'vostropron. vostro ~ account - cont vostro (conturile băncilor - corespondent deschise la o bancă datâ) vote s. 1. vot; votare; scrutin 2. moţiune, rezoluţie v.t. 1. a vota, a

aproba (un bugef) 2. (down) a respinge (o moţiune) 3. (in) a alege (într-un posî) 4. (into) a alege ca (preşedinte) 5. (through) a aproba prin vot v.i. a vota ~ by ballot - vot secret ~ ofcensure - vot de blam ~ of confîdence - moţiune de încredere ~ of no-confidence - moţiune de neîncredere to carry a ~ - a adopta o moţiune to cast one's ~ - a-şi da votul, a vota to take the ~ - a proceda la vot voteless adj. care nu participă la vot, fară drept de vot ~ share - acţiune fâră drept de vot voter s. votant voting adj. votant; care are drept de vot s. 1. votare, scrutin; vot 2. participare la vot ~ paper - buletin de vot ~ power / right - drept de vot ~ share - acţiune cu drept de vot voucher s. 1. act / document justi- ficativ; piesă contabilă 2. chitanţă, bon, recipisâ ~ for receipt - chitanţă de primire ~ system - sistem de actejustificative voyage s. călătorie, voiaj (pe mare) v.i. a călători (pe mare) ~ book - registru de voiaje ~ charter party - contract de navlosire pe voiaj ~ freight - navlu pe voiaj ~ insurance - asigurare pe voiaj ~ policy - (asig. mar.) poliţă de asigurare pe voiaj ~ -to-voyage contract - contract de angajare pentru un voiaj voyageable adj. practicabil, navigabil

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W

wad s. (SUA) teanc {de bancnote) wage s. (.şipl.) salariu, leafa; chenzină ~ adjustment - ajustare a salariilor ~ and price control - control al salariilor şi al preţurilor ~ assignment - retinere de salariu (în cazul nerambursării unui credit) ~ ceiling - plafon aî salariilor ~ claims - revendicări salariale ~ costs - cost al mâinii de lucru ~ cuts - reduceri salariale ~ determination - determinare a salariilor ~ differential - salariu diferential ~ drift - fluctuaţie salarială ~ earner - salariat ~ floor - nivel minim al salariilor ~ freeze - îngheţare a salariilor ~ fund - fond de salarii ~ incentives - stimulente salariale ~ increase - mărire salarială ~ labour - muncă salariată ~ level - nivel al salariilor ~ level adjustment - corelare a nivelului de salarizare ~ market - (SUA) piaţa salariilor ~ negotiations - negocieri salariale ~ policy - politică salarială ~ -price spiral - spirală inflaţionistă / salarii - preţuri ~ push - efect asupra salariilor ~ rates - coeficienţi de salarizare ~ restraint - limitare / restricţie salarială ~ scale - plan / categorii de salarizare

~ slave - rob salariat (cu salariu foarte mic) ~ s and salaries - salarii (ale munci- torilor) şi lefiiri (ale funcţionarilor) ~ s clerk - funcţionar însărcinat cu plata şi evidenţa salariilor ~ s index - indice al salariilor ~ s sheet - stat de salarii wager s. 1. pariu 2. obiect pe care se pariază v.t. a paria pe v.t. a paria ~ policy - (asig.) poliţă de onoare / fară obiect asigurat wageworker s. muncitor; salariat wag(g)on s. 1. căruţă, car 2. vagon de marfa 3. autocamion 4. remorcă basculantă ~ park / yard - parc de vagoane ~ works - uzină de vagoane wag(g)onage s. 1. transport; cărăuşie 2. vagonaj wait s. aşteptare, expectativă v.t., v.i. a aştepta ~ -and-see policy - politică (comer- ciala) de expectativă to ~ and see - a adopta o atitudine de expectativă waiter s. 1. chelner, ospătar 2. (bur.) comisionar (persoană care transmite mesaje, documente) waiting s. aşteptare, expectativă adj. de aşteptare ~ list - listâ de aşteptare / solicitanţi ~ room - cameră de aşteptare ~ time - timp de aşteptare (pentru operarea navei)

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WAI-WAR waive v.t. 1. (dr.) a renunţa la (un drept, o pretenţie etc.) 2. a amâna waiver s. (dr.) renunţare la (un drept, o pretenţie etc.)', declaraţie de renunţare ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauză de renunţare ~ of demand, notice and protest - renunţare la dreptul de a protesta o cambie ~ of premium - renunţare la prime (de asigurare) walk s. 1. rond, tur; ieşire, drum 2. ritm lent / scăzut (al producţiei) 3. domeniu, sferă, branşă v. i. (out) a face grevă ~ of life - poziţie socială; carieră, profesie walkout s. grevă wall s. zid, perete ~ advertising - publicitate murală (pe faţada clâdirilor) wallet .$•. portofel (pentru bancnote, cărţi de credit etc.) want s. 1. lipsă, necesitate, nevoie; insuficienţă 2. (com.) cerere v.t. 1. a vrea, a dori; a câuta 2. a avea nevoie de; a necesita, a reclama, a cere v.;'. 1. a duce lipsă, a fi lipsit de mijloace 2. (for) a-i lipsi, a duce lipsă de ~ of balance - dezechilibru ~ of goods - lipsă de mărfuri ~ of title - (a?r.) lipsă de titlu de proprietate to be in ~ - a fî strâmtorat wantage s. lipsâ, necesar; cerere war s. război ~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza războiului ~ contraband - contrabandă de război ~ debts - datorii de râzboi ~ economy - economie de război ~ loan - împrumut de război

~ reparations - despăgubiri de război ~ risk insurance - asigurare împotriva riscurilor de război ware s. 1. (in cuvinte compuse) articole, fabricate, produse 2. pl. articole, mărfuri warehouse s. 1. depozit de mărfuri sau materiale; antrepozit, magazie 2. magazin mare v.î. a depozita, a antrepozita, a înmagazina ~ bond - act de garanţie de depozitare ~ charges - cheltuieli de depozitare ~ company - societate de depozite de mărfuri ~ entry - declaraţie (yamală) de mărfuri depozitate

floorage - suprafaţă utilă a depozitului ~ insurance - asigurare a mărfurilor depozitate ~ keeper - magaziner ~ keeper's certifîcate / receipt -recipisă de depozitare ~ keeper's order / release - permis (vamal) de scoatere a mărfîi din depozit ~ loan - împrumut asupra mărfurilor depozitate ~ receipt - recipisă de depozitare ~ receipt loan - împrumut garantat cu un stoc ~ storage area - platformă de depozitare ~ -to-warehouse clause - clauza "de la depozit la depozit" ~ -to-warehouse insurance - asigurare "de la depozit la depozit" ~ warrant - recipisă warant ~ withdrawal permit - permis (yamal) de eliberare a mârfîi din depozit

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354 WAR-WAS warehouseman s. 1. comerciant angro-sist 2. proprietar de depozit 3. maga-ziner warehousing s. 1. depozitare, antrepozitare; magazinaj 2. (bur.} pre-luare a controlului asupra unei societăţi (prin acumularea treptatâ a acţiunilor de la micii acţionari) ~ charges - cheltuieli de depozitare ~ entry - declaraţie de depozitare ~ system - sistem de depozitare warn v.t. 1. a preveni, a avertiza 2. a înştiinţa 3. (dr.) a cita; a notifica 4. (out) a concedia 1. prevenire, avertizare;

2. preaviz; somaţie de procură,

mandat 2. recipisă warant 3. mandat; certificat, chitanţă

4. garanţie; cauţiune v.î. 1. a autoriza, a împutemici 2. a garanta, a gira

~ for payment - ordonanţă de plată ~ of

attachment - sechestru ~ of attorney - procură ~ weight - greutate consemnată în warant ~ writer - garant, girant warrantee s. persoană care primeşte o garanţie sau o împutemicire warranter v. warrantor warrantor s. garant, girant warranty s. 1. garanţie, chezăşie; (cow.) garanţie scrisă 2. clauză (contractuală) 3. autorizaţie, permis ~ clause - clauză de garanţie ~ of attorney - mandat, procură ~ of quality - garanţie de calitate ~ of seaworthiness - (mar.) garanţie de navigabilitate ~ test - probă de recepţie

wash s. spălat, spălare v.t. a spăla, a smulge, a lua (despre valuri) ~ sale - (bur.) (SUA) vânzare sau cumpărare fictivă (pentru a crea impresia că anumite acţiuni sunt foarte căutate) washed adj. spălat, smuls, luat ~ overboard - (mar.) smuls / luat de valuri (de pe punte) wastage s. 1. pierdere, risipă; scurgere (a unui lichid); pierdere (a greutăţiî) prin uscare 2. rebut(uri); deşeu(ri) 3. uzare, uzură 4. pierdere de fortă de muncă (din cauza angajaţilor care demisionează din motive'personale) warning s.

avertisment concediere warrant s.

waste s. 1. pierdere, risipă 2. rebut; deşeu 3. maculatură 4. teren abandonat; pământ necultivat 5. moloz, dărâmături 6. haldă de steril adj. 1. rebutat, de rebut 2. gol, pustiu; necultivat (despre terenurî) 3. nefolosit 4. uzat; de aruncat v.t. 1. a pierde, a risipi (bani, timp etc.) 2. a distruge; strica, a deteriora ~ area - spaţiu de descărcare ~ dump - haldă ~ land - teren necultivat ~ paper - maculatură

1.

pipe - conductă de ape reziduale/uzate ~ products - rebuturi, produse rebutate ~ recovery - recuperare / valorificare a deşeurilor ~ space / stowage - spatiu nefolosit / pierdut (prin stivuire necorespunzâ-toare) ~ tonnage - tonaj pierdut / mort ~ utilization - utilizare a deşeurilor ~ waters - ape reziduale / uzate wasteful adj. risipitor, cheltuitor; inutil wasting adj. cu durată limitată (de exploatare)

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WAS-WEA 355 ~ assets - active epuizabile / cu durată limitată de exploatare (mine, cariere etc. care se epuizeazâ în timp) water s. 1. apă 2. (şi pl.) apă minerală 3. (şi pl.) mare; ape 4. acţiuni fictive/diluate (emise prin supraeva- luarea acîivelor) adj. 1. de apă 2. hidrotehnic; hidraulic v.i. a emite acţiuni fictive/diluate (prin supraeva- luarea activelor) ~ bailage - taxe portuare ~ carriage / transport - transport pe apă ~ craft - navă; ambarcaţie; mijloace plutitoare ~ haul - transport pe apă, cărăuşie ~ -power plant - hidrocentrală

-power resources - resurse hidroenergetice ~ -retaining - hidrofil (despre mărfurî) ~ route - drum / rută pe apă ~ -supply engineering - hidrotehnică ~ -supply network / system - retea de alimentare cu apă waterage s. 1. transport pe apă 2. (mar.) navlu waterborne adj. transportat pe apă (despre mârfuri) watering adj. diluat ~ stock - acţiuni fictive/diluate (emise prin supraevaluarea activelor) waterway s. cale / canal navigabil (ă); pasă de navigaţie ~ traffîc - transport pe căi de apă interioare waterworks s. pl. 1. uzină de apă 2. instalaţii hidraulice; sistem de alimentare cu apă watt 5-. watt ~ consumption - consum de waţi ~ -hour - wattoră

~ -hour meter - wattormetru waybill s. borderou de expediţie; scrisoare de trăsură, fraht wayleave s. drept de trecere (pe o proprietate) weak adj. 1. slab (despre piaţă etc.) 2. scăzut (despre preţuri etc.) weaken v.t„ v.i. a scădea (despre preţuri etc.) wealth s. 1. bogăţie, avere 2. abundenţă, belşug ~ -owning classes - clasele bogate / avute ~ tax - impozit pe avere wealthy adj. bogat, avut; prosper wear s. 1. uzură 2. îmbrăcăminte; confecţii v.i. a se uza ~ and tear - uzură; (cont., fin.) amortizare ~ index - indice de uzură ~ life - durată de uzură wearing adj. 1. de purtat 2. care se uzează s. 1. purtare, purtat (al îmbrăcâminteî) 2. uzare, uzură ~ apparel - îmbrăcăminte; confecţii ~ limit - limită de uzură ~ parts - piese supuse uzurii ~ quality - rezistenţă la uzură weather s. l. vreme, timp, stare atmosferică 2. vreme rea; furtună ~ base / station - staţie meteorologică ~ -beaten - avariat de condiţii atmosferice nefavorabile (despre mârfuri) ~ -bound -. reţinut / împiedicat de vreme rea (despre avioane sau nave) ~ bureau - institut sau serviciu meteorologic ~ forecast / report - buletin meteorologic, prognoza timpului

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356 WEA-WEI ~ insurance - asigurare pentru vreme rea ~ permitting - (mar.) "dacă vremea permite" (condiţie de operare a navei) ~ permitting clause - (mar.) clauza timpului nefavorabil ~ service - serviciu meteorologic ~ working day - zi lucrătoare "dacă vremea permite" week s. săptămână weekday s. zi de lucru, zi lucrătoare; zi din săptămână (fâră sâmbdta şi duminică) weekdays adv. în zilele lucrătoare weekend s. week-end, sfârşit de săptâmână v.i. a petrece week-end-ul ~ ticket - (c./) bilet de week-end (yalabil numai în aceastâ perioada) weekender s. turist de sfârşit de săptămână; client de sfârşit de săptămână (la hotel) weekly adj. săptămânal, hebdomadar (despre publicaţiî) adv. săptămânal s. revistă săptămânalâ, săptămânal, hebdomadar ~ fixture loan / money - împmmut pe şapte zile ~ magazine - revistă săptămânală, hebdomadar ~ payment - plată săptămânală ~ wages - salariu săptămânal weigh v.t. 1. a cântări 2. a evalua, a estima, a aprecia (consecinţele etc.) 3. (out) a cântări; a împărti, a distribui (după cântârire) v.i. a cântări weigher s. cantaragiu weighing s. cântărire ~ charges - taxă de cântărire ~ lever / machine - cântar, basculă weight s. 1. greutate {la cântar) 1. greutate (de metal pentru măsurarea

greutăţiî) 3. greutate, încărcătură, sarcină v.t. 1. a pondera 2. a îngreuna, a încărca ~ account - specificaţie de greutate (m documentele de transport) ~ allowed free - greutate netaxată ~ allowance - rabat la greutate ~ by volume - greutate volumetrică ~ cargo / goods - marfa grea ~ carrying capacity - capacitate de încărcare (a navei) ~ certificate - certifîcat de cântărire ~ distribution - repartizare a greutăţii ~ draft/draught - corecţie a pescajului ~ empty - greutate proprie / fărâ încărcătură ~ equalizer - contragreutate ~ factor - factor de pondere ~ feed - dozare în greutate ~ fraction - fractiune de greutate ~ holder - braţ pentru greutăţi (la cântar) ~ indicator - indicator de greutate ~ loss - pierdere de greutate ~ note - buletin / notă de încârcare ~ of displacement - (mar.) deplasa- ment brut / total ~ percent - procent în / de greutate ~ set - greutâţi pentm cântărit ~ slip - fişă de greutate ~ stamp - ştampilă "cântărit" ~ ton - (mar.) tonă lungă / engleză ~ , value and content unknown - (mar.) greutate, valoare şi conţinut necunoscute (menţiune într-un cono- sament) weighting s. 1. ponderare 2. potenţial (al pieţeî) 3. compensatie, spor de salariu weighted adj. 1. ponderat 2. îngreunat, încârcat

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WEI-WHI 357 ~ average - medie ponderată ~ indexes - indici ponderaţi welfare s. 1. bunăstare, prosperitate 2. asistenţă socială; asigurări sociale ~ economics - economia bunâstârii ~ fund - fond de asigurări sociale ~ legislation - legislaţia asigurărilor sociale ~ state - ţară cu sistem de asistenţă socială ~ work - asistenţă socială ~ worker - asistent social welfarism s. ansamblu de măsuri şi politici care caracterizează sistemul de asistenţă socială well adv. bine ~ -balanced - echilibrat ~ -being - bunăstare ~ -conditioned - în bună stare (despre mărfuri etc.) ~ -conducted - bine condus (despre o flrma) ~ -equipped - bine dotat sau aprovi- zionat ~ -establish - solid ~ -experienced - experimentat ~ -informed - informat, documentat ~ "known - renumit, vestit ~ -made - bine lucrat ~ -maintained - ferm, stabil (despre preţurî) ~ -managed - bine condus / administrat ~ -off / -to-do - avut, înstărit ~ -paid - bine plătit / retribuit ~ -practised - experimentat, cu multă practică ~ -stowed - bine stivuit ~ -timed - oportun

wet adj. 1. ud, umed 2. hidrofil 3. lichid v.t. 1. a uda, a umezi 2. a stropi, a iriga ~ dock - bazin portuar de maree (cu porţi care menţin acelaşi nivel al apeî) ~ goods - mărfuri lichide wey 5. wey (unitate de măsură pentru capacitate) whale s. balenă ~ fîshery - pescuit / vânătoare de balene ~ -oil factory-vessel - navă-uzină de prelucrat untura de balenă whaleboat s. balenieră whaling s. pescuit / vânătoare de balene wharf s. chei costier; chei fluvial; debarcader; platformă de descărcare v.t. a descărca sau a depozita (mârfuri) pe chei '

demurrage - locaţie pentm mărfurile depuse pe chei ~ dues - taxe de chei, cheiaj wharfage s. 1. taxă de chei, cheiaj 2. depozitare (a mărfurilor) pe chei

and porterage - aducere a mărfurilor de la vagoane lângă navă whariinger s. 1. administrator de chei 2. proprietar / antreprenor de chei ~ 's receipt / warrant - recipisă de depozitare pe chei wheat s. grâu ~ pit - (SUA) bursa grâului wherewithal s. mijloace necesare, banii necesari whiteac?/.alb ~ coal - energie hidroelectricâ ~ -collar workers - gulerele albe (clasa de mijloc) ~ goods - aparatură electrocasnică; pânzeturi, albituri

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358 WHI-WIN ~ knight - cavaler alb (firmâ care cumpără o companie cu acordul acesteia pentru a împiedica preluarea de către ofirmă nedorită) ~ oil.- produs petrolier alb ~ paper - carte albă; efect de comert de prima clasă ~ sale - vânzare de albituri/pânză de in whole adj. întreg, tot; total, integral s. întreg, tot; total, totalitate ~ banks - bănci mari (care acordâ împrumuturi comerciale şi industriale) ~ cargo charter - (mar.) navlosire totală / integrală ~ flour - fâină integrală ~ -life insurance - asigurare pe viaţă ~ milk - lapte integral ~ -time work - normă întreagă ~ timer - angajat cu normă întreagă wholemeal s. faină integrală wholesale s. vânzare angro/cu ridicata adv„ adj. angro, cu ridicata v.t., v.i. a vinde angro/cu ridicata ~ banking - afaceri / tranzacţii bancare de mare avengură (implicând sume mari) ~ dealer / merchant - angrosist ~ manufacture - fabricaţie în serie ~ markets - pieţe generale/angro ~ price - preţ cu ridicata ~ sale - vânzare angro ~ store / warehouse - depozit angro ~ trade - comert angro to deal ~ - a face comerţ angro wholesaler s. angrosist wide adj. 1. larg, extins; mare, consi- derabil 2. instabil, fluctuant (despre preţurî) ~ price - (bur.) curs cu fluctuaţie mare (fntre oferta de vânzare şi cea de cumpărare)

~ trade connections - legături comerciale extinse widen v.t. a lărgi, a extinde (piaţa de desfacere) v.i. 1. a se lărgi, a se extinde 2. a creşte, a se amplifica (despre un decalaj) wildcat s. 1. întreprindere riscantă 2. sondă de explorare/fară prospecţiuni prealabile adj. 1. riscant, nesigur 2. ilegal v.t. a prospecta (im teren) v.i. a face prospecţiuni ~ company - societate care practică afaceri riscante ~ drilling - foraj de prospecţiune ~ strike - grevă neautorizată (de sindicat) ~ well - sondă de explorare wildcatter s. speculant care face afaceri riscante sau ilegale wildcatting s. 1. afaceri riscante; operaţii ilegale 2. forare de explorare will s. 1. voinţă 2. testament, legat v.î. a testa, a lăsa prin testament to make one's ~ - a-şi face testamentul win v.t. a câştiga v.i. (through) a reuşi, a-şi atinge scopul s. câştig, profit wind v.t. (up) a lichida (o societate) windfall s. moştenire neaşteptată; câştig neaşteptat / neprevăzut ~ profit - profit neaşteptat / neprevăzut winding up s. lichidare ~ by the court - lichidare judiciară ~ order - hotărâre judecătorească de lichidare ~ sale - (rfr.) executare silită window s. 1. fereastră 2. ghişeu 3. vitrină ~ case - vitrină ~ dresser - decorator de vitrine

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WIN-WOO 359 ~ dressing - arta decorării vitrinelor; falsificare, trucare (a situaţiei financiare, a unui bilanţ etc.) ~ envelope - plic cu fereastră ~ shopper - persoană care se uită la vitrine (fâră intenţia de a cumpăra) wine 5. vin v.t. a aproviziona cu vin ~ cellar - cramă ~ cooper - degustător de vinuri; chelar, pivnicer ~ district - regiune viticolă ~ industry - industria viticolă ~ merchant - negustor de vinuri ~ preparation - vinificaţie ~ production - vinificaţie, producere a vinului ~ vault - cramă ~ vinegar -'oţet de vin winegrower s. viticultor winegrowing s. viticultură winter s. iamă adj. de iamă v.t. a îngriji (plante, animale) pe timp de iamă ~ cereals/corn/crop - cereale semă- nate toamna, culturi de toamnă ~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj la linia de încărcare de iamă ~ freebord mark / loadline - (mar.) linie de încărcare de iamă ~ resort - staţiune de iamă ~ wheat - grâu de iamă wipe v.t. 1. a şterge 2. (off, out) a lichida (o datorie) with prep. cu ~ average - (asig. mar.) cu avarie ~ effect from - în vigoare de la data ~ particular average - (asig. mar.) cu avarie particulară withdraw v.t. 1. a retrage (depuneri, mârfuri etc.) 2. a anula (o comandă, un

credit etc.); a ridica (restricţii) v.i. a se retrage withdrawable adj. care poate fi retras (despre depunerî) withdrawal s. 1. retragere (de depuneri, mărfuri etc.) 2. anulare (a unei comenzi, a unui credit etc.)', ridicare (de restricţiî) ~ notice - aviz de retragere de fonduri / depuneri withhold v.t. a reţine; a sista (plata, livrarea etc.) withholding •s'. reţinere; sistare ~ tax - impozit reţinut la sursă (pentru dobânzi sau dividende plătite unui investitor străin) without prep. fară ~ benefit of salvage - (asig. mar.) fâră primă de salvare ~ damage - (asig. mar.) fără avarie ~ engagement - (com.) fâră angaja- ment (din partea fumizorului de a menţine un anumitpreţ la livrare) ~ further delay - fâră a mai întârzia ~ payment - fâră plată; cu titlu gratuit ~ -profîts policy — poliţă de asigurare de viaţă fară beneficii suplimentare ~ recourse - fară recurs/regres (formulâ pe o cambie) wood s. 1. pădure; regiune împădurită 2. lemn, material lemnos adj. 1. de lemn, lemnos 2. de pădure, forestier ~ goods - materiale lemnoase ~ industry - industria lemnului / forestieră woodenware s. obiecte / articole de lemn woodwork s. 1. piese / articole de lemn 2. tâmplărie, parte de lemn (a unei construcţiî) woodworker s. tâmplar, dulgher

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360 WOO-WOR woodworking s. prelucrare a lemnului adj. de prelucrat lemnul ~ industry - industria de prelucrare a lemnului ~ machine - maşină de prelucrat lemnul wool s. lână adj. de lână ~ bearer - animal producător de lână ~ clip - recoltă / producţie de lână (pe sezon) ~ growing - creşterea oilor ~ hall - piaţă pentru lână; bursa lânei ~ pack - balot de lână ~ sorter - sortator de lână ~ staple — piaţă / târg de lână ~ stapler - negustor de lână wool(l)en adj. de lână s. pl. confecţii din lână ~ cloth - postav ~ draper - postăvar ~ goods - articole / stofe de lână ~ manufacture - industria lânii word s. cuvânt v.t. a exprima; a redacta, a formula ~ book - dicţionar; glosar ~ -for-word quotation - citat textual ~s and figures do not agree - cuvintele nu corespund cifrelor (formulâpe un cec etc.) wording s. redactare, fonnulare (a unui contract); completare (a unui cec) work s. 1. muncă, lucru, activitate 2. piesă; produs 3. prelucrare 4. pl. uzină adj. de muncă / lucru v.t. 1. a fabrica, a confecţiona; a prelucra 2. a pune în mişcare, a acţiona, a manipula 3. a executa lucrări în (o regiune) 4. a exploata, a abata (un zăcămânf) 5. (out) a rezolva (o problemâ); a întocmi (un plan); a redacta (un document); a îmbunătăţi, a revizui; a epuiza (un

zâcămânf) v.i. 1. a munci, a lucra; a avea de lucru 2. a funcţiona, a merge 3. (out) a corespunde, a fi corespunzător: a fi realizabil (despre un plan etc.) 4. (out at / to) a se ridica la, a totaliza (o cifra) ~ area - suprafaţă de lucru ~ at piece rates / by the job - muncă în acord ~ at time rates - muncă (plâtitâ) pe unitatea de timp ~ by contract - antrepriză ~ by the day - muncă cu ziua ~ cycle - ciclu de activitate ~ in process/progress - (conî.) active în curs de fabricatie ~ load - normă (a unui salariat, a unui serviciu etc.) ~ permit - permis de muncă (intr-o ţară străina) ~ report - raport de activitate ~ shift - schimb/tură de lucru ~ -to-rule - muncă statutară, încetinire a lucrului cu respectarea normelor (ca metodâ de presiune asupra conduceriî) ~ s engineer - inginer de exploatare ~ s management - direcţie de exploa- tare; administraţie a uzinei; direcţie a şantierului, conducere a lucrărilor ~ s manager - director de uzină ~ s railway - cale ferată uzinală workability s. 1. aplicabilitate 2. utili- tate, folos 3. capacitate de a fi prelu- crat; uzinabilitate workable adj. 1. aplicabil, fezabil (despre un plan etc.) 1. prelucrabil; uzinabil 3. exploatabil (despre mine) workday s. zi de lucru / lucrătoare worked adj. prelucrat; exploatat worker s. 1. muncitor, lucrător 2. pl. echipă; efectiv, personal

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WOR 361 ~ director - şef (membru în consiliul de administraţie) al serviciului de personal ~ participation - coparticipare (participare a muncitorilor la beneficii sau la luarea deciziilor în întreprinderea în care lucrează) working adj. 1. muncitor, activ; în activitate 2. de lucru; de exploatare; de functionare 3. activ, în vigoare 4. care functionează, în funcţiune s. 1. muncă, lucru, activitate 2. funcţionare; prelucrare; exploatare 3. lucrare minieră, abataj ~ account - (cont.) cont de calculare a profitului brut ~ agreement - acord de colaborare ~ capacity - capacitate utilă; capacitate de lucru / prelucrare ~ capital - capital de lucru, fond de rulment ~ cargo - caric / încărcătură de tranzit ~ class - clasa muncitoare ~ coeffîcient - coeficient de exploatare ~ conditions - condiţii de muncă

control - control operativ (decurgând din deţinerea a 51% din acţiunile uneifirme} ~ costs - costuri de exploatare ~ day - zi lucrătoare; timp de lucru, ore de producţie

director - director angajat permanent ~ effîciency - productivitate a muncii ~ expenses - cheltuieli de exploatare / generale ~ hours - ore lucrătoare / de producţie, timp de lucru ~ life - durată de fiincţionare / exploatare; perioadă de activitate ~ load - sarcină utilă de lucru

~ material - materie primă ~ partner - comanditat ~ party - comisie de lucru ~ population - populaţie activă ~ season - campanie / sezon de lucru ~ service / time - duratâ de serviciu / exploatare / functionare ~ shift - schimb / tură de lucru ~ standard - etalon de lucru / verificare ~ week - săptămână de lucru - year - an de producţie workman s. muncitor workmanship s. 1. calificare, abilitate profesională 2. execuţie, executare workpeople s. muncitori workroom s. cameră de lucru; atelier; laborator workshop s. 1. atelier; secţie (intr-o uzină); atelier de reparaţii 2. grupă, seminar; atelier de lucru, cerc (de studii, discuţii) 3. atelier, studio {de teatru} world s. lume adj. mondial, universal ~ commerce / trade - comert mondial -- economy - economie mondială ~ exhibition - expozitie universală ~ fair - târg universal ~ market - piaţă mondială ~ market prices - preţuri mondiale ~ money - valută intemaţională (yalută forte acceptată în schimburile internaţionale) ~ shipping - (mar.) flotă mondială; tonaj mondial ~ -wide - mondial, universal, râspândit în lumea întreagă worth adj. care valorează, valorând; care costă / are preţul de s. valoare, preţ to be ~ little - a valora puţin to be ~ much - a valora mult

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362

worthless adj. fară valoare wrap v.t. (şi ~ up) a împacheta wrapper s. 1. învelitoare 2. ambalator, împachetator ~ sheet - foaie de hârtie de ambalaj wrapping s. 1. împachetare 2. material de împachetat ~ machine - maşină de împachetat ~ paper - hârtie de împachetat writ s. (dr.) citaţie; somaţie; ordonanţă ~ of attachment - ordin de sechestru ~ of execution - titlu executoriu ~ of summons - citaţie, notificare de actiune judecătorească write v.t. 1. a scrie; a redacta 2. a completa (un cec) 3. (down) (cont.) a subevalua (un activ); a scrie, a nota, a înregistra 4. (off) (cont.) a anula (o datorie), a trece (p datorie) la pierderi; a amortiza 5. (out) a scrie, a completa (un cec); a întocmi (un raport) 6. (up) (cont.) a supraevalua (un activ) v.i. (in)

WOR-WRO

a se adresa unei firme (pentru o comanda) ~ -down - subevaluare (a unui activ) ~ -off - anulare (a unei datoriî); amortizare ~ -up - supraevaluare (a unui activ) writing s. 1. scriere; scris 2. document, înscris ~ -down allowance - (conî.~) reducere (a impozitelor) prin amortizare ~ materials - rechizite de birou ~ paper - hârtie de scris / concept ~ set - gamitură de birou wrongful adj. nedrept; nejustificat ~ dishonour - refuz nejustificat de onoare (a unui cec, a unei cambii) ~ dismissal - concediere nejustificată/ injustă wrought adj. 1. lucrat, fasonat 2. înflorat (despre ţesături) 3. forjat ~ iron - fier forjat

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x

xerography .s. xerografie xerox ."?. xerox v.t. a xeroxa, a multiplica la xerox

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Y Yankees s. pl. acţiuni ale societăţilor din SUA yard 5'. 1. curte; depozit, magazie 2. şantier naval 3. (c.f.) depou; parc de vagoane; staţie de triaj 4. yard, iard (unitate de măsură pentru lungime) ~ craft - (SUA) ambarcaţie portuară; rnijloc plutitor portuar ~ goods - mărfuri textile cu metraj în bucată ~ line - linie de depou ~ locomotive — locomotivă de manevră ~ lumber - material lemnos depozitat / uscat (CM umiditate normalâ) ~ repair ship / vessel - atelier plutitor de reparaţii ~ track - cale ferată uzinală yardage s. 1. număr sau lungime exprimată în iarzi; metraj 2. cheltuieli de depozitare 3. platâ în acord pe iard de înaintare (in mină) ~ indicator / recorder - indicator / contor de distanţă parcursă în iarzi yardman s. lucrător în staţia de triaj yardmaster s. şef de staţie / gară; şef de triaj / manevră yardstick s. etalon, linie (riglâ de mâsurâ de un iard) year s. an ~ bill - (SUA) certificat de trezorerie cu scadentă la 12 luni

~ - end adjustment - ajustare (a conturilor) la sfârşitul anului (in vederea încheierii bilanţuluî) yearbook s. anuar yearling adj. de un an s. pl. obligaţiuni cu scadenţa peste un an {împrumut municipal) ~ bond - obligaţiune cu scadenţa peste unan yearly adj., adv. anual ~ income - venit anual yellow adj. galben ~ -dog contract - (SUA) contract de muncă prin care muncitoml se obligă sâ nu intre în nici un sindicat, sub pedeapsa rezilierii contractului ~ goods - (,SUA) produse de culoare galbenă (bunuri de consum mai scumpe, care se schimbă la intervale mari de timp) ~ pages - pagini galbene / naţionale (anuar care cuprinde adresele tuturor instituţiilor şi societâţilor comerciale) yield s. 1. (/în.) randament; produc-tivitate; grad de valorifîcare, eficienţă 2. recoltă v.t. 1. a produce, a da, a scoate (o recoltă) 2. a aduce un randa-ment de (atâtea procente) 3. a livra v.i. 1. a produce, a da randament 2. a aduce profit, a fi profitabil ~ capacity - productivitate

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~ curve - curba randamentului ~ on investment - randament al (graficul relaţiei dintre randamentele investiţiei §i maturităţile diferitelor emisiuni de - to call - randament până la revocare titluri de valoare) (rata dobânzii obţinute la o obligaţiune - gap - (bur.) decalaj de randament dacd este retrasă înainte de maturitate) (diferenţa dintre randamentul mediu al ~ to maturity - randament până la acţiunilor comune şi cel al titlurilor de maturitate (rata dobânzii obţinute la o valoare deprima clasâ) obligaţiune dacâ este pâstrată pâna la ~ mix - ansamblu de elemente care maturitate) afectează randamentul

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zero s. zero ~ -based budgeting - calculare a bugetului pe bază zero (metodă de alcătuire a bugetului, care pleacă de la premisa unui buget înexistent în anul precedent) ~ coupon bond - obligaţiune cu cupon zero ~ economic growth - creştere economică zero ~ -rated - cu taxă zero (m sistemul TVA) ~ sum - (fin.) sumă nulă (set de tranzacţii în care profiturile câştigătorilor sunt egale cu pierderile necâştigătorilor)

z

~ - sum economy - economie cu sumă zero (economie în care nu se

înregistrează nici o creştere, venitul unei persoane putând sâ crească numai

prin scâderea venitului alteia) zonal adj. zonal, împărtit în zone

zonation s. zonare, zonificare zone s. zonă, regiune v.t. a zonifica, a

împărti în zone ~ price plan - sistem zonal de preţuri

~ pricing - stabilire a unor preţuri diferenţiate pe zone ~ tariff- tarif (yamal) zonal

zoom v.i. (şi ~ up) a creşte brusc (despre preţuri)