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[3] Diseases Caused By Bacterial Inland Water 図書名 Fish Diseases 開始ページ 122 終了ページ 189 出版年月日 2016 URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1342/00001256/

[3] Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water · 2017. 8. 19. · FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo

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Page 1: [3] Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water · 2017. 8. 19. · FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo

[3] Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens InInland Water

図書名 Fish Diseases開始ページ 122終了ページ 189出版年月日 2016URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1342/00001256/

Page 2: [3] Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water · 2017. 8. 19. · FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo

FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo Yoshida, Tetsuichi Nomura, Toshihiro Nakai, Tomokazu Takano

©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)

ECP : Extracelluar products,

SDS-PAGE : Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Bibliography Bibliography (Section 1: Inland Water Streptococcosis) Bowater, R. O., Forbes-Faulkner, J., Anderson, I. G., Condon, K., Robinson, B., Kong, F., Gilbert, G. L., Reynolds, A., Hyland, S., McPherson, G., O’Brien, J. and Blyde, D. (2012) Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia. Journal of Fish Diseases, 35, 173-186.

Collins, M. D., Ash, C., Farrow, J. A. E., Wallbanks, S. and Williams, A. M. (1989) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence analysis of lactococci and related taxa. Description of Vagococcus fluvialis gen. nov., sp. nov. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 67,453-460.

Daly, J. G.(1999) Other bacterial pathogens. In: P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds), Fish Diseases and Disorders. Volume 3. Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, (CABI Publishing, Wallingford), 577-598.

Delannoy, C. M. J., Zadok, R. N., Lainson, F. A., Ferguson, H. W., Crumlish, M., Turnbull, J. F. and Fontaine, C. (2012) Draft genome sequence of a nonhemolytic fish-pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae strain. Journal of Bacteriology, 194, 6341-6342.

Eldar, A., Bejerano, Y. and Bercovier, H. (1994) Streptococcus shiloi and Streptococcus difficile: Two new Streptococcal species causing a meningoencephalitis in fish. Current Microbiology, Vol., 139-143.

Evans, J. J., Klesius, P. H., Gilbert, P. M., Shoemaker, C. A., Al Sarawi, M. A., Landsberg, J., Duremdez, R., Al Marzouk, A and Al Zenki, S. (2002) Characterization of beta- hemolytic group B Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured seabream, Sparus auratus L., and wild mullet, Liza Klunzingeri (Day), in Kuwait. Journal of Fish Diseases, 25, 505-513.

Evans, J. J., Klesius, P. H., and Shoemaker, C. A. (2004) Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae (groupB) vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by intraperitoneal and bath immersion administration. Vaccine, 22, 3769-3773.

Evans, J. J., Bohnsack, J. F., Klesius, P. H., Whiting, A. A., Garcia, J. C., Shoemaker, C. A. and Takahashi, S. (2008) Phylogenetic relationship among Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from piscine, dolphin, bovine and human sources: a dolphin and piscine lineage associated with a fish epidemic in Kuwait is also associated with human neonatal infections in Japan. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 57, 1369-1376.

Evans, J.J., Pasnik, D.J. and Klesius, P.H. (2010) A commercial rapid optical immunoassay detects Streptococcus agalactiae from aquatic cultures and clinical specimens. Veterinary Microbiology, 144, 422-428.

Filho, C. I., Muller, E. E., Pretto-Giordano, L. G. and Bracarense, A. P. F. F. L. (2009) Histological findings of experimental Streptococcus agalactiae infection in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, 2(1), 12-15.

Geng, Y., Wang, K. Y., Huang, X. L., Chen, D. F., Li, C. W., Ren, S. Y., Liao, Y. T., Zhou, Z. Y., Liu, Q. F., Du, Z. J. and Lai, M. (2012) Streptococcus agalactiae, an emerging pathogen for cultured ya-fish, Schizothorax prenati, in China. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 59, 369-375.

Kawamura, Y., Itoh, Y., Mishima, N., Ohkusu, K., Kasai, H. and Ezaki, T. (2005) High genetic similarity of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus difficilis: S. difficilis Eldar et al. 1995 is a later synonym of S. agalactiae Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980). International of Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55, 961-965.

Kawata, K., Anzai, T., Senna, K., Kikuchi, N., Ezawa, A. and Takahashi, T. (2004) Simple and rapid PCR method for identification of streptococcal species relevant to animal infections based on 23S rDNA sequence. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 237, 57-64.

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FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo Yoshida, Tetsuichi Nomura, Toshihiro Nakai, Tomokazu Takano

©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)

Mian, G. F., Godoy, D. T., Leal, C. A. G., Yuhara, T. Y., Costa, G. M. and Figueiredo, H. C. P. (2009) Aspects of the natural history and virulence of S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. Veterinary Microbiology, 136, 180-183.

Michel, C., Nougayrede, P., Eldar, A., Sochon, E. and de Kinkelin, P. (1997) Vagococcus salmoninarum, a bacterium of pathological significance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss farming. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 30, 199-208.

Pereira, U. P., Mian, G. F., Oliveira, I. C. M., Benchetrit, L. C., Costa, G. M. and Figueiredo, H. C. P. (2010) Genotyping of Streptococcus agalctiae strains isolated from fish, human and cattle and their virulence potential in Nile tilapia. Veterinary Microbiology, 140, 186-192.

Schmidtke, L. M. and Carson, J. (1994) Characterization of Vagococcus salmoninarum isolated from diseases salmonid fish. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 77, 229-236.

Shewmaker, P. L., Camus, A. C., Bailiff, T., Steigerwalt, A. G., Morey, R. E. and Carvalho, M. da G. S. (2007) Streptococcus ictaluri sp. nov., isolated from channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodstock. International Journal of Systematic Microbiology, 57, 1603-1606

Shome, B. R., Mitra, S. D., Bhuvana, M., Krithiga, N., Velu, D., Shome, R., Isloor, S., Barbuddhe, S. B. and Rahman, H. (2011) Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of bovine mastitis pathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 111, 1349-1356

Vandamme, P., Devriese, L. A., Pot, B., Kersters, K. and Melin, P. (1997) Streptococcus difficile is a nonhemolytic group B type Ib Streptococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol., 47, 81-85.

Wallbanks, S., Martinez-Murcia, A. J., Fryer, J. L., Philips, B. A. and Collins, M. D. (1990) 16S rRNA sequence determination for members of the genus Carnobacterium and related lactic acid bacteria and description of Vagococcus salmoninarum sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 40, 224-230.

Williams, A., Fryer, J. L. and Collins, M. D. (1990) Lactococcus piscium sp. nov. a new Lactococcus species from salmonid fish. FEMS Microbiologytr Letters, 68, 109-114. Bibliography (Section 2: Furunculosis) Bernoth E. M. (1997). Furunculosis: the history of the disease and of disease research. In Furunculosis, Multidisciplinary Fish Disease Research. Bernoth E. M., Ellis A., Midltyng P., Olivier G. and Smith P. (Eds.). Academic Press, London. 1-20.

Schachte J. H. (2002). Furunculosis. New York Department of Environmental Conservatory. Rome. NY. Chapter 25, 211-216.

Toranzo A. E., Magarinos B. and Romalde J. L. (2005). A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture 246, 37-61.

Cipriano R. C. and Bullock G. L. (2001). Furunculosis and other diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicda. U. S. Geological Survey Fish Disease Leaflet. Leetown. 66, 33p.

Wiklund T. and Dalsgaard I. (1998). Occurrence and significance of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32, 49-69.

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (2009). Disease strategy: Furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) (Version 2). In Australian Aquatic Veterinary Emergency Plan (AQUAVETPLAN), Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Canberra. ACT, 80p.

Griffin P. J., Snieszko S. F. and Friddle S. B. (1953). A more comprehensive description of Bacterium salmonicida. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 82, 129-138.

Martin-Carnahan A. and Joseph S.W. (2005). Aeromonadaceae. In Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology Volume 2. 2nd edition. Garrity G. M.(Ed.) Springer-Verlag. New York, NY 5, 556-580.

Austin B. (2011) . Taxonomy of bacterial fish pathogens. Veterinary Research 42, 20.

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Reith M. E., Singh R. K., Curtis B., Boyd J. M., Bouevitch A., Kimball J., Munholland J., Murphy C., Sarty D., Williams J., Nash J. H., Johnson S. C. and Brown L. L. (2008). The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen. BMC Genomics 9, 427.

Popovic N. T., Coz-Rakovac R. and Strunjak-Perovic I. (2007). Commercial phenotypic tests (API 20E) in diagnosis of fish bacteria: a review. Veterinarni Medicina 52, 49-53.

Austin B. and Austin D. A. (2012). Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and wild fish, 5th edition, Springer Praxis, Chichester. 652p.

Gustafson C. E., Thomas C. J. and Trust T. J. (1992). Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from fish by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virulence surface array protein gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 3816-3825. Beaz-Hidalgo R. and Figueras M. J. (2012). Molecular detection and characterization of furunculosis and other Aeromonas fish infections. In Health and Environment in Aquaculture. Carvalho E. D., David S. D. and Silva R. J. (Eds.) InTech. Shanhai. Chapter 4, 97-132p. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/healthand-environment-in-aquaculture/updated-information-of-aeromonas-infections-and-furunculosis-derived-frommolecular-methods- USFWS. (1995). U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fisheries: Fish Health Operations. U. S. Department of the Interior. Washington DC. FWM170, Part 713 FW, PP 1-4.

Press C. M., Evensen Ø., Reitan L. J. and Landsverk T. (1996). Retention of furunculosis vaccine components in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following different routes of vaccine administration. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 215-224.

Austin B. (1997). Progress in understanding the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Trends in Biotechnology 15, 131-134.

Tam B. Gough W. A. and Tsuji L. (2011). The impact of warming on the appearance of furunculosis in fish of the James Bay region, Quebec, Canada. Regional Environmental Change 11, 123-132. Bibliography (Section 3. Bacterial Gill Disease) Anacker R.L. and Ordal E.J. (1959). Studies on the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. I. Serological typing. Journal of Bacteriology 78, 25-32.

Bernardet J.-F., Segers S., Vancanneyt M., Berthe F., Kersters K. and Vandamme P. (1996). Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (Basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tai 1978). International journal of systematic bacteriology 46,128-148.

Bowker J.D. and Carty D.G. (2008). Efficacy of chloramine-T to control mortality in freshwater-reared salmonids diagnosed with bacterial gill disease. North American Journal of Aquaculture 70, 20-26.

Bowker J.D. and Carty D.G. (2011). Chloramin-T margin-of-safety estimates for fry, fingerling, and juvenile rainbow trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture 73, 259-569.

Bullock G.L., Herman R.L. and Waggy C. (1991). Hatchery efficacy trials with chloramine-T to control mortality in freshwater-reared salmonids. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3, 48-50.

Bullock G.L. (1972). Studies on selected myxobacteria pathogenic for fishes and on bacterial gill disease in hatchery-reared salmonids. Technical Papers of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service 60, 30pp.

Bullock G.L. (1990). Bacterial gill disease of freshwater fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Disease Leaflet 84, 3 pp.

Daoust P.-Y. and Ferguson H.W. (1983). Gill diseases of cultured salmonids in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 47, 358-362.

Davis H.S. (1926). A new gill disease of trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 56, 156-160.

Davis H.S. (1927). Further observations of the gill disease of trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 57, 210-212.

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FISH DISEASES - Diseases Caused By Bacterial Pathogens In Inland Water - Hisatsugu Wakabayashi, Terutoyo Yoshida, Tetsuichi Nomura, Toshihiro Nakai, Tomokazu Takano

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Derksen J.A., Ostland V.E. and Ferguson H.W. (1999). Effects of hydrogen peroxide on clearance of formalin-killed Flavobacterium branchiophilum from the gills of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 59-67.

Farkas J. and Olah J. (1985). Filamentous Flavobacterium sp. isolated from fish with gill diseases in cold water. Aquaculture 44, 1-10.

Ferguson H.W., Ostland V.E., Byre P. and Lumsdsen J.S. (1991). Experimental production of bacterial gill disease in trout by horizontal transmission and bath challenge. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3, 118-123.

Heo G.-J., Wakabayashi H. and Watabe S. (1990). Purification and characterization of pili from Flavobactrium branchiophila. Fish Pathology 25, 21-27.

Heo G.-J., Kasai K. and Wakabayashi H. (1990). Occurrence of Flavobacteriu branchiopha associated with bacterial gill disease at a trout hatchery. Fish Pathology 25, 99-105.

Huh G.-J. and Wakabayashi H. (1987). Detection of Flavobacterium sp., a pathogen of bacterial gill disease, using indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Fish Pathology 22, 215-220.

Huh G.-J. and Wakabayashi H. (1989). Serological characteristics of Flavobacterium branchiophila isolated from gill diseases of freshwater fishes in Japan, USA, and Hungary. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 1, 142-147.

Kimura N., Wakabayashi H. and Kudo S. (1978). Studies on bacterial gill disease in salmonids‐I. Selection of bacterium transmitting gill disease. Fish Pathology 12, 233-242.

Ko Y.-M. and Heo G.-J. (1997). Characteristics of Flavobacteium branchiophilum isolated from rainbow trout in Korea. Fish Pathology 32, 97-102.

Kudo S. and Kimura N. (1983a). Ultrastructual studies on bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout fingerlings - III. Recovery from hyperplasia in a natural infection. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish 49, 1627-1633.

Kudo S. and Kimura N. (1983b). Ultrastructual studies on bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout fingerlings - IV. Recovery from hyperplasia in an artificial infection. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish 49, 1634-1641.

Kudo S. and Kimura N. (1983c). Utrastructual studies on bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout fingerlings - V. Extraction of a hyperplasia-inducing factor. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish 49, 1777-1782.

Lusmsden J.S., Ostland V.E. and Ferguson H.W. (1998). Use of hydrogen peroxide to treat experimentally induced bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, 230-240.

MacPhee D.D., Ostland V.E., Lumsden J.S. and Ferguson H.W. (1995). Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate the quantity of Flavobacterium branchiophilum on the gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 21, 13-23.

Ostland V.E., Ferguson H.W., Prescott J.F., Stevenson R.M.W. and Barker I.K. (1990). Bacterial gill disease of salmonids ; relationship between the severity of gill lesions and bacterial recovery. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 9, 5-14.

Ostland V.E., Lumsden J.S., MacPhee D.D., Derksen J.A. and Ferguson H.W. (1997). Inhibition of the attachment of Flavobacterium branchiophilum to the gills of rainbow tout, Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 20, 109-117.

Ostland V.E., MacPhee D.D., Lumsden J.S. and Ferguson H.W. (1995). Virulence of Flavobacteium branchiophilum in experimentally infected salmonids. Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 249-262.

Ostland V.E., Byrne P.J., Lumsden J.S., MacPhee D.D., Derksen J.A., Haulena M., Skar K., Myhr E. and Ferguson H.W. (1999). Atypical bacterial gill disease: a new form of bacterial gill disease affecting intensively reared salmonids. Journal of Fish Diseases 22, 351-358.

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Ostland V.E., Lumsden J.S., MacPhee D.D. and Fergson H.W. (1994). Characteristics of Flavobacterium branchiophilum, the cause of salmonid bacterial gill disease in Ontario. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 6, 13-26.

Ototake M. and Wakabayashi H. (1985). Characteristics of extracellular products of Flavobacterium sp. a pathogen of bacterial disease. Fish Pathology 20, 167-171.

Rach J.J., Gaikowski M.P. and Ramsay R.T. (2000). Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease infections on hatchery-reared salmonids. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 12, 119-127.

Rucker R.R., Johnson H.E. and Ordal E.J. (1952). An interim report on gill disease. Progressive Fish-Culturist 14, 10-14.

Snieszk S.F. (1981). Bacterial gill disease of freshwater fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Disease Leaflet 62, 11 pp.

Spear D.J. and Ferguson H.W. (1989). Clinical and pathological features of common gill disease of cultured salmonids in Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal 30, 882-887.

Spears D.J., Ferguson H.W., Beamish F.W.M., Yager J.A. and Yamashiro S. (1991). Pathology of bacterial gill disease: sequential development of lesions during natural outbreaks of disease. Journal of Fish Diseases 14, 21-32.

Touchon M., Barbier P., Bernardet J.-F., Loux V., Vacherie B., Barbe V., Rocha E.P. and Duchaud E. (2011). Complete genome sequence of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium baranchiophilum. Appl. Environ. Microbiology 77, 7656-7662.

Toyama T., Kita-Tsukamoto K. and Wakabayashi H. (1996). Identification of Flexibacter maritimus, Flavobacterium branchiophilum and Cyotophaga columnaris by PCR targeted 16S ribosomal DNA. Fish Pathology 9, 25-31.

Turnbull J.F. (1993). Bacterial gill disease and fin rot. In: Bacterial Diseases of Fish, pp.40-57, Inglis V., Roberts R.J. and Bromage N.R. (eds.), Blackwell Scientific Publishing, London, UK.

Von Graevenitz A. (1990). Revised nomenclature of Campylobacter laridis, Enterobacter intermedium, and “Flavobacterium branchiophila”. International journal of systematic bacteriology 40, 211.

Wakabayashi H. and Iwado T. (1985a). Effects of a bacterial gill disease on the respiratory functions of juvenile rainbow trout. In: Fish and Shellfish Pathology, pp.153-160, Ellis A.E. (eds.), Academic Press, London, UK.

Wakabayashi H. and Iwado T. (1985b). Changes in glycogen, pyruvate and lactate in rainbow trout with bacterial gill disease. Fish Pathology 20, 161-165.

Wakabayashi H., Huh G.J. and Kimura N. (1989). Flavobacterium branchiophila sp. nov., a causative agent of bacterial gill disease of freshwater fishes. International journal of systematic bacteriology 39, 213-216.

Wakabayashi H., Egusa S. and Fryer J.L. (1980). Characteristics of Filamentous bacteria isolated from a gill disease of salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, 1499-1504.

Wood E.M. and Yasutake W.T. (1957). Histopathology of fish. V. Gill disease. Progressive Fish-Culturist 19, 7-13. Bibliography (Section 4. Columnaris Disease) Altinok I. (2004). Toxicity and therapeutic effects of chloramine-T for treating Flavobacterium columnare infection of goldfish. Aquaculture 239, 47-59.

Altinok I. and Grizzle J.M. (2001). Effects of low salinities on Flavobacterium columnare infection of euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fish. Journal of Fish Diseases 24, 361-367.

Amend D.F. (1970). Myxobacterial infections of salmonids: Prevention and treatment. In: A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shelfishes, pp.258-265, Snieszko S.F. (ed.), American Fisheries Society, Washigton, DC, USA.

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Anacker R.L. and Ordal E.J. (1959a). Studies on the myxobacterium Chondrococus columnaris: II. Bacteriocins. Journal of Bacteriology 78, 33-40.

Anacker R.L. and Ordal E.J. (1959b). Studies on the myxobacterium Chondrococus columnaris: I. Serological typing. Journal of Bacteriology 78, 25-32.

Anderson J.I.W. and Conroy D.A. (1969). The pathogenic myxobacteria with special reference to fish disease. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 32, 30-39.

Arias C.R., Welker T.L., Shoemaker C.A., Abernathy J.W. and Klesius P.H. (2004). Genetic fingerprinting of Flavobacterium columnare isolates from cultured fish. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 97, 421-428.

Bader J.A., Nusbaum K.E. and Shoemaker C.A. (2003). Comparative challenge model of Flavobacterium columnare using abraded and unabraded channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 461-467.

Bernardet J.-F. (1989). ‘Flexibacter columnaris’ ; first description in France and comparison with bacterial strains from other origins. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 6, 37-44.

Bernardet J.-F. and Grimont P.A.D. (1989). Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness and phenotypic characterization of Flexibacter columnaris sp. nov., nom. Rev., Flexibacter psychrophilus sp. nov., nom. rev., and Flexibacter maritimus Wakabayashi, Hikida & Masumura, 1986. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 39, 346-354.

Bernardet J.-F. and Bowman J.P. (2011). Genus I. Flavobacterium Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923, 97AL emend. Bernardet, Segers, Vancanneyt, Berthe, Kersters and Vandamme 1996, 139. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition Vol. 4, 112-154.

Bernardet J.-F., Segers J.P., Vancanneyt M., Berthe F., Kersters K. and Vandamme P. (1996). Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 46, 128-148.

Bernoth E.-M. and Kortig W. (1989). First report of Flexibacter columnaris in tench (Tinca tinca, L.) in Germany. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 9, 125-127.

Bertolini J.M. and Rohovec J.S. (1992). Electrophoretic detection of proteases from different Flexibacter columnaris strains and assessment of their variability. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 12, 121-128.

Bootsma R. and Clerx J.P.M. (1976). Columnaris disease of cultured carp Cyprinus carpio L. characterization of the causative agent. Aquaculture 7, 371-384.

Bowser P.R. (1973). Seasonal prevalence of Chondrococcus columnaris infection in black bullheads from Clear Lake, Iowa. Journal of wildlife diseases 9, 115-119.

Chowdhury M.B.R. and Wakabayashi H. (1988a). Effects of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions on the survival of Flexibacter columnaris in water. Fish Pathology 23, 231-235.

Chowdhury M.B.R. and Wakabayashi H. (1988b). Effects of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions on the survival of Flexibacter columnaris infection in fish. Fish Pathology 24,9-15.

Chowdhury M.B.R. and Wakabayashi H. (1989). A study on the mechanism of the bacterial competitive effects on Flexibacter columnaris infection: Effects of the time-lag between the exposures of fish to F. columnaris and its competitor. Fish Pathology 24,105-110.

Chun S.K., Park C.Y. and Lee S.K. (1985). Characteristics of Flexibacter columnaris isolated from tilapia (Tilapia sp.). Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society 18, 369-373.

Colgrove D.J. and Wood J.W. (1966). Occurrence and control of Chondrococcus columnaris as related to Fraser River sockeye salmon. Progress Report of International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission No.15, 51pp.

Darwish A.M. and Mitchell A.J. (2009). Evaluation of diquat against an acute experimental infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Journal of Fish Diseases 32, 401-408.

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Darwish A.M., Bebak J.A. and Schrader K.K. (2012). Assessment of Aquaflor�, copper sulfate and potassium permanganate for control of Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare infection in sunshine bass, Morone chrysops female ×Morone saxatilis male. Journal of Fish Diseases 35, 637-647.

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Madsen L. and Dalsgaard I. (2000). Comparative studies of Danish Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates: Ribotypes, plasmid profiles, serotypes, and virulence. Journal of Fish Diseases 23, 211-218.

Madsen L., Arnbjerg J. and Dalsgaard I. (2001). Radiological examination of the spinal column in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum: experiments with Flavobacterium psychrophilum and oxytetracycline. Aquaculture Research 32, 235-241.

Mata M. and Santos Y. (2001). An improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from salmon and rainbow trout. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 21, 195-199.

Mata M., Skarmeta A. and Santos Y. (2002). A proposed serotyping system for Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Letters in Applied Microbiology 35, 166-170.

Michel C., Antonio D. and Hedrick R.P. (1999). Production of viable cultures of Flavobacterium psychrophilum: approach and control. Research in Microbiology 150, 351-358.

Nagai T., Tamura T., Iida Y. and Yoneji T. (2004). Differences in susceptibility to Flavobacterium psychrophilum among three stocks of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Fish Pathology 39, 159-164.

Nagai T. and Nakai T. (2011). Growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish serum correlates with pathogenicity. Journal of Fish Diseases 34, 303-310.

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Aquatic Organisms 64, 23-28.

Nicolas P., Mondot S., Achaz G., Bouchenot C., Bernardet J.-F. and Duchaud E. (2008). Population structure of the fish-pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, 3702-3709.

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Pacha R.E. (1968). Characteristics of Cytophaga psychrophila (Borg) isolated during outbreaks of bacterial cold-water disease. Applied Microbiology 16, 97-101.

Pacha R.E. and Porter S. (1968). Characteristics of myxobacteria isolated from the surface of freshwater fish. Applied Microbiology 16, 1901-1906.

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Rahman M.H., Ototake M., Iida Y., Yokomizu Y. and Nakanishi T. (2000). Efficacy of oil-adjuvanted vaccine for coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Fish Pathology 35, 199-203.

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Rangdale R.E. and Way K. (1995). Rapid identification of C. psychrophila from infected spleen tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 15, 213-216.

Rangdale R.E., Richards R.H. and Alderman D.J. (1997). Colonisation of eyed rainbow trout ova with Flavobacterium psychrophilum leads to Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome in fry. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 17, 108-111.

Santos B.Y., Huntly P.J., Turnbull A. and Hastings T.S. (1992). Isolation of Cytophaga psychrophila (Flexibacter psychrophilus) in association with rainbow trout mortality in the United Kingdom. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 12, 209-210.

Schmidtke I.M. and Carson J. (1995). Characteristics of Flexibacter psychrophilus isolated from Atlantic salmon in Australia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 21, 157-161.

Secades P., Alvarez B. and Guijarro J.A. (2001). Purification and characterization of a psychrophilic, calcium-induced, growth-phase-dependent, metalloprotease from the fish pathogen, Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 676, 2436-2444.

Silverstein J.T, Vallejo R.L., Palti Y., Leeds T.D., RexroadIII C.E., Welch T.J., Wiens G.D. and Ducrocq V. (2009). Rainbow trout resistance to bacterial cold-water disease is moderately heritable and is not adversely correlated with growth. Journal of Animal Science 87, 860-867.

Soule M., LaFrentz S., Cain K., LaPatra S., Call D.R. (2005). Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65, 209-216.

Starliper C.E. (2011). Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Advanced Research 2, 97-108.

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Suzuki K., Arai H., Kuge T., Katagiri T. and Izumi S. (2008). Reliability of PCR methods for the detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Fish Pathology 43, 124-127.

Taylor P.W. (2004). Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in eggs and sexual fluids of pacific salmonids by a polymerase chain reaction assay: Implications for vertical transmission of bacterial coldwater disease. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 16, 104-108.

Taylor P.W. and Winton J.R. (2002). Optimization of nested polymerase chain reaction assays for identification of Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14, 216-224.

Toranzo A.E. and Barja J.L. (1993). Fry mortality syndrome (FMS) in Spain, isolation of the causative bacterium Flexibacter psychrophilus. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 13, 30-32.

Toyama T., Kita-Tsukamoto K. and Wakabayashi H. (1994). Identification of Cytophaga psychrophila by PCR targeted 16S ribosomal RNA. Fish Pathology 29, 271-275.

Urdaci M.C., Chakroun C., Faure D. and Bernardet J.F. (1998). Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Research in Microbiology 149, 519-530.

Vastos I.N., Thompson K.D. and Adams A. (2002). Development of an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and in situ hybridization to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in water samples. Aquaculture Research 33, 1087-1090.

Wakabayashi H. (2009). Epizootic outbreaks of bacterial cold water disease among populations of river ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, in Japan – a review. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Members of the Genus Flavobacterium, September 21-23, 2009, Paris, France.

Wakabayashi H., Toyama T. and Iida T. (1994). A study on serotyping of Cytophaga psychrophila isolated from fishes in Japan. Fish Pathology 29, 101-104.

Wakabayashi H., Horiuchi M., Bunya T. and Hoshiai G. (1991). Outbreaks of cold-water disease in coho salmon in Japan. Fish Pathology 26, 211-212.

Weis J. (1987). A cold water disease in rainbow trout. Ueber das Vorkommen einer Kaltwasserkrankheit bei Regenbogenforellen Salmo gairdneri. Tierarztliche Umschau 42, 575-578.

Wiklund T., Kaas K., Lönström L. and Dalsgaard I. (1994). Isolation of Cytophaga psychrophila (Flexibacter psychrophilus) from wild and farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Finland. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 14, 44-46.

Wiklund T., Madsen L., Bruun M.S. and Dalsgaard I. (2000). Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, 299-307.

Wood J.W. (1979). Diseases of Pacific salmon, their prevention and treatment, 3rd edition. Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, Washington.

Yoshiura Y., Kamaishi T., Nakayashu C. and Ototake M. (2006). Detection and genotyping of Flavobacterium psychrophilum by PCR targeted to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C gene. Fish Pathology 41, 67-71.

Bibliography (Section 6. Red Spot Disease) Wakabayashi H. and Egusa S. (1972). Characteristics of a Pseudomonas sp. from an epizootic of pond-cultured eels (Anguilla japonica). Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 38, 577-587.

Muroga K. (1978). Red spot disease of eels. Fish Pathology 13, 35-39.

Miyazaki T. and Egusa S. (1977). Histopathological studies of red spot disease of the Japanese eel (A. japonica)-I. Natural infection. Fish Pathology 12, 39-49.

Kuo S.-C. and Kou G.-H. (1978). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica isolated from red spot disease of pond-cultured eel, Anguilla japonica. Report of the Institute of Fish Biology, Ministry of Economic Affairs, and National Taiwan University, Vol. 3. The Institute of Fishery Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taipei China, 19-23.

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Jo Y., Muroga K.and Ohnishi K. (1975). Studies on red spot disease of pond-cultured eels. III. A case of the disease in the European eels (Anguilla anguilla) cultured in Tokushima Prefecture. Fish Pathology 9, 115-118.

Stewart D.J., Woldemariam K., Dear G. and Mochaba F.M. (1983). An outbreak of ' Sekiten-byo' among cultured European eels, Anguilla anguilla L., in Scotland. Journal of Fish Diseases 6, 75-76.

Mellergaard S. and Dalsgaard I. (1987). "Disease problems in Danish eel farms".Aquaculture 67, 139-146.

Michel C., Bernardet J.-F. and Dinand D. (1992). Phenotypic and genotypic studies of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strains isolated from farmed European eels (Anguilla Anguilla) in France. Fish Pathology 27, 229-232.

Haenen O.L.M. and Davidse A. (2001). First isolation and pathogenicity studies with Pseudomonas anguilIiseptica from diseases European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in the Netherlands. Aquaculture 196, 27-36.

Nakajima K., Muroga K. and Hancock R.W. (1983). Comparison of fatty acid, protein and serological properties distinguishing outer membrane of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strains from those of fi sh pathogens and other pseudomonads. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 33, 1-8.

Kusuda R., Dohata N., Fukuda Y. and Kawai K. (1995). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection of striped Jack. Fish Pathology 30, 121-122.

Ferguson H.W., Collins R.O., Moore M., Coles M. and MacPhee D.D. (2004). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection in farmed cod, Gadus morhua L. Journal of Fish Diseases 27, 249-253.

Balboa S., Ferguson H.W. and Romalde J.L. (2007). Phenotypic, serological and genetic characterization of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strains isolated from cod, Gadus morhua L., in northern Europe. Journal of Fish Diseases 30, 657-664.

Al-Marzouk A.E. (1999). Association of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica with mortalities in cultured marine orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides in Kuwait. Fish Pathology 34, 167-168.

Berthe F.C.J., Michel C. and Bernardet J.-F. (1995). Identification of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica isolated from several fish species in France. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 21, 151-155.

Domenech A., Fernandez-Garayzabal J.F., Lawson P., Garcia J.A., Cutuli M.T., Blanco M., Gibello A., Moreno M.A., Collins M.D. and Dominguez L. (1997). Winter disease outbreak in sea bream (Sparus aurata) associated with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection. Aquaculture 156, 317-326.

Lopez-Romalde S., Nunez S., Tranzo A.E. and Romalde J.L. (2003). Black spot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo), a new susceptible host for Pseudomanas anguilliseptica. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 23 258-264.

Wiklund T. and Bylund G. (1990). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica as a pathogen of salmonid fish in Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 8, 13-19.

Wiklund T. and Lonnstrom L. (1994). Occurrence of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica in Finnish fish farms during 1986–1991. Aquaculture 126, 211-217.

Nakai T., Hanada H. and Muroga K. (1985). First records of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection in cultured ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Fish Pathology 20, 481-484.

Lonnstrom L., Wiklund T. and Bylund G. (1994). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica isolated from Baltic herring Clupea harengus membras with eye lesions. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18, 143-147.

Muroga K., Jo Y. and Yano M. (1973). Studies on red spot disease of pondcultured eels. 1. The occurrence of the disease in eel culture ponds in Tokushima prefecture in 1972. Fish Pathology 8, 1-9.

Tranzo A.E., Magarinos B. and Romalde J.L. (2005). A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture 246, 37-61.

Muroga K., Nakai T. and Sawada T. (1977). Studies on red spot disease of cultured eels—IV. Physiological characteristics of the causative bacterium Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Fish Pathology 12, 33-38.

Nakai T., Muroga K. and Wakabayashi H. (1981). Serological properties of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica in

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agglutination. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 47, 699-703.

Nakai T., Muroga K. and Wakabayashi H. (1982). An immuno-electrophoretic analysis of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 48, 363-367.

Nakai T. and Muroga K. (1982). Pseudomonas anguilliseptica isolated from European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in Scotland. Fish Pathology 17, 147-150.

Nakai T., Muroga K., Chung H.-Y. and Kou G.-H. (1985a). A serological study on. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica isolated from diseased eels in Taiwan. Fish Pathology 19, 259-261.

Nakai T. (1985). Resistance of Pseudomonasanguilliseptica to bactericidal action of fish serum. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 51, 1431-1436.

Lopez-Romalde S., Magarinos B., Nunez S., Toranzo A.E. and Romalde J.L. (2003). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strains isolated from fish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 15, 39-47.

Muroga K., Jo Y. and Sawada T. (1975). Studies on red spot disease of pond cultured eels. - II. Pathogenicity of the causative bacterium Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Fish Pathology 9, 107-114.

Uno M. (1976). Experimental pathogenicity of Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Pseudomonas anguilliseptica for Iwana and other trout. Fish Pathology 11, 5-9.

Nakai T., Kanemori Y., Nakajima K. and Muroga K. (1985b). The fate of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica in artificially infected eels Anguilla japonica. Fish Pathology 19, 253-258.

Muroga K. and Nakajima K. (1981). Red spot disease of cultured eels- methods for artificial infection. Fish Pathology 15, 315-318.

Magi G.E., Lopez-Romalde S., Magarinos B., Lamas J., Toranzo A.E. and Romalde J.L. (2009). Experimental Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection in turbot Psetta maxima (L.): a histopathological and immuno-histochemical study. European Journal of Histochemistry 53, 73-80.

Horiuchi M. and Kohga K. (1979). Rapid diagnosis of red spot disease in cultured eels by direct immunofluorescence (IF). Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 45, 835-840.

Blanco M.M., Gibello A., Vela A.I., Moreno M.A., Dominguez L. and Fernandez-Garayzabal J.F. (2002). PCR detection and PFGE DNA macrorestriction analyses of clinicalisolates of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica from winter diseaseoutbreaks in sea bream Sparus aurata. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 50, 19-27.

Romalde J.L., Lopez-Romalde S., Ravelo C., Margarinos B., Toranzo A.E. (2004). Development and validation of a PCR-based protocol for the detection of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Fish Pathology 39, 33-41.

Beaz-Hidalgo R., Lopez-Romalde S., Toranzo A.E. and Romalde J.L. (2008). Polymerase chain reaction of enterbacterial repetitive intergenic consensus and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences for molecular typing of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica and Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 20, 75-85.

Jo Y. (1978). Therapeutic experiments on red spot disease. Fish Pathology 13, 41-42.

Nakai T. and Muroga K. (1979). Studies on red spot disease of pond-cultured eels – V. Immune response of the Japanese eel to the causative bacterium Pseudomonas anguilliseptica. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 45, 817-821.

Nakai T., Muroga K., Ohnishi K., Jo Y. and Tanimoto H. (1982). Studies on the red spot disease of pond cultured eels - IX. A field vaccination trial. Aquiculture 30, 131-135.

Mushiake K., Muroga K. and Nakai T. (1984). Increased susceptibility of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica to Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas anguilliseptica following exposure to copper. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 50, 1797-1801.

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Bibliography (Section 7. Edwardsiellosis (Edwardsiella ictaluri)) Hawke, J.P., McWhorter A.C., Steigerwalt A.G. and Brenner D.J. (1981). Edwardsiella ictaluri sp. nov.. the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 31, 396-400.

Ewing W.H., Mcwhorter A.C., Escobar M.R. and Lubin A.H. (1965). Edwardsiella, a new genus of Enterobacteriaceae based on a new species, E. tarda. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy 15, 33-38.

Grimont P.A.D., Grimont F., Richard C. and Sakazaki R. (1980). Edwardsiella hoshinae, a new species of Enterobacteriaceae. Current Microbiology 4, 347-351.

Abbott S.L. and Janda J.M. (2006). The genus Edwardsiella. In: The Prokaryotes, A handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, 3rd edn., vol. 6., pp.72-89, Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.H. and Stackebrandt E. (eds.), Springer, New York, NY, USA.

Evans J.J., Klesius P.H., Plumb J.A. and Shoemaker C.A. (2011). Edwardsiella septicaemias. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, volume 3, pp.512-569, Woo P.T.K., and Bruno D.W. (eds.), CABI, Wallingford, UK

Hawke J.P. (1979). A bacterium associated with disease of pond cultured channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 36, 1508-1512.

Plumb J.A. and Vinitnantharat S. (1993). Vaccination of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque, by immersion and oral booster against Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases 16, 65-71.

Shoemaker C.A., Klesius P.H., Arias C.R. and Evans J.J. (2003). A modified live vaccine against enteric septicaemia in channel catfish. 3rd International Symposium on Fish Vaccinology, April 9-11, 2003, Bergen Norway.

Ferguson H.W., Turnbull J.F., Shinn A.P., Thompson K., Dung T.T. and Crumlish M. (2001). Bacillary necrosis in farmed Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Fish Diseases 24, 509-513.

Crumlish M., Dung T.T., Turnbull J.F., Ngoc N.T.N. and Ferguson H.W. (2002). Identification of Edwardsiella ictaluri from diseased freshwater catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage), cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Fish Diseases 25, 733-736.

Yuasa K., Kholidin E.B., Panigoro N. and Hatai K. (2003). First isolation of Edwardsiella ictaluri from cultured striped catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus in Indonesia. Fish Pathology 38, 181-84.

Plumb J.A. and Vinitnantharat S. (1989). Biochemical, biophysical, and serological homogenicity of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 1, 51-56.

Waltman W.D., Shotts E.B. and Hsu T.C. (1986). Biochemical characteristics of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, 101-104.

Williams M.L., Gillaspy A.F., Dyer D.W., Thune R.L., Waldbieser G.C., Schuster S.C., Gipson J., Zaitshik J., Landry C., Banes M.M. and Lawrence M.L. (2012). Genome sequence of Edwardsiella ictaluri 93-146, a strain associated with a natural channel catfish outbreak of enteric septicemia of catfish. Journal of Bacteriology 194, 740-741.

Plumb J.A. and Klesius P. (1988). An assessment of the antigenic homogeneity of Edwardsiella ictaluri using monoclonal antibody. Journal of Fish Diseases 11, 499-509.

Bertolini J.M., Cipriano R.C., Pyle S.W., McLaughlin J.J. (1990). Serological investigation of the fish pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri, cause of enteric septicemia of catfish. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26, 246-252.

Lobb C.J., Ghaffari S.H., Hayman J.R., Thompson D.T. (1993). Plasmid and serological differences between Edwardsiella ictaluri strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 2830-2836.

Bader J.A., Shoemaker C.A., Klesius P.H., Connolly M.A. and Barbaree J.M. (1998). Genomic subtyping of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolated from diseased channel catfish by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, 22-27.

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Klesius P., Lovy J., Evans J., Washuta E. and Arias C. (2003). Isolation of Edwardsiella ictaluri from Tadpole Madtom in a Southwestern New Jersey River. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 15, 295-301.

Sakai T., Yuasa K., Ozaki A., Sano M., Okuda R., Nakai T. and Iida T. (2009). Genotyping of Edwardsiella ictaluri isolates in Japan using amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis. Letters in Applied Microbiology 49, 443-449.

Plumb J.A. and Sanchez D.J. (1983). Susceptibility of five species of fish to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases 6, 261-266.

Sakai T., Kamaishi T., Sano M., Tensha K., Arima T., Iida Y., Nagai T., Nakai T. and Iida T. (2008). Outbreaks of Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in ayu. Plecoglossus altivelis in Japanese rivers. Fish Pathology 43, 152-157.

Morrison E.E. and Plumb J.A. (1994). Olfactory organ of channel catfish as a site of experimental Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 6, 101-109.

Wolfe K.G., Plumb J.A., and Morrison E.E. (1998). Lectin binding characteristics of the olfactory mucosa of channel catfish: Potential factors in attachment of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10, 348-360.

Miyazaki T. and Plumb J.A. (1985). Histopathology of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Journal of Fish Diseases 8, 389-392.

Shotts E.B., Blazer V.S. and Waltman W.D. (1986). Pathogenesis of experimental Edwardsiella ictaluri infections in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Canadian Journalof Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, 36-42.

Newton J.C., Wolfe L.G., Grizzle J.M. and Plumb J.A. (1989). Pathology of experimental enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), following immersion exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases 12, 335-347.

Nusbaum K.E. and Morrison E.E. (1996). Entry of 35S-labeled Edwardsiella ictaluri into channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, 146-149.

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Plumb J.A. (1999). Health Maintenance and Principal Microbial Diseases of Cultured Fishes, Iowa State University Press, IA, USA.

Bilodeau A.L., Waldbieser G.C., Terhune J.S., Wise D.J. and Wolters W.R. (2003). A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 15, 80-86.

Sakai T., Yuasa K., Sano M. and Iida T. (2009). Identification of Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda by species-specific polymerase chain reaction targeted to the upstream region of the fimbrial gene. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 21, 124-132.

Ainsworth A.J., Capley G., Waterstreet P. and Munson, D. (1986). Use of monoclonal antibodies in the indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA) for the diagnosis of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases 9, 439-444.

Waterstrat, P., Ainsworth A.J. and Capley, G. (1989). Use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the detection of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), antibodies to Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Fish Diseases 12, 87-94.

Saeed M.O. and Plumb J.A. (1986). Immune response of channel catfish to lipopolysaccharide and whole cell Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccines. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2, 21-25.

Vinitnantharat S. and Plumb J.A. (1992). Kinetics of the immune response of channel catfish to

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Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4, 207-214.

Vinitnantharat S., Plumb J.A. and Brown A.E. (1993). Isolation and purification of an outer membrane protein of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its antigenicity to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 3, 401-409.

Thune R.L., Hawke J.P., and Johnson M.C. (1994). Studies on vaccination of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, against Edwardsiella ictaluri. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 3, 11-24.

Klesius P.H. and Shoemaker C.A. (1999). Development and use of modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish. In: Advances in Veterinary Medicine, volume 41, pp.523-537, Schultz R.D. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.

Yang M., Lv Y., Xiao J., Wu H., Zheng H., Liu Q., Zhang Y. and Wang Q. (2012). Edwardsiella comparative phylogenomics reveal the new intra/inter-species taxonomic relationships, virulence evolution and niche adaptation mechanisms. PLoS One, 7, E36987.

Thune R.L., Fernandez D.H., Benoit J.L., Kelly-Smith M., Rogge M.L., Booth N.J., Landry C.A. and Bologna R.A. (2007). Signature-tagged mutagenesis of Edwardsiella ictaluri identifies virulence-related genes, including a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 class of type III secretion systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, 7934-7946.

Wang X., Wang Q., Xiao J., Liu Q., Wu H., Xu L. and Zhang Y. (2009). Edwardsiella tarda T6SS component evpP is regulated by esrB and iron, and plays essential roles in the invasion of fish. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 27, 469-477.

Chakraborty S., Sivaraman J., Leung K.Y. and Mok Y.K. (2011). Two-component PhoB-PhoR regulatory system and ferric uptake regulator sense phosphate and iron to control virulence genes in type III and VI secretion systems of Edwardsiella tarda. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, 39417-39430.

Rogge M.L. and Thune R.L. (2011). Regulation of the Edwardsiella ictaluri type III secretion system by pH and phosphate concentration through EsrA, EsrB, and EsrC. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, 4293-4302.

Bibliography (Section 8. Motile Aeromonads Disease) Aoki T. and Egusa S. (1971). Drug sensitivity of Aeromonas liquefaciens isolated from freshwater fish. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish, 37, 176-185.

Aoki T. (1974). Studies of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from water of carp-ponds and intestinal tracts of carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish, 40, 247-254. (in Japanese).

Aoki T. (1992). Chemotherapy and drug resistance in fish farms in Japan. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Vol. I, pp.519-529, Shariff M., Subasinghe R.P. and Arthur J.R. (eds.), Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.

Aoki T. (1999). Motile Aeromonads (Aeromonas hydrophila). In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, pp.247-253, Woo P.T.K. and Bruno D.W. (eds.), CABI Publishing, USA.

Arcos M.L., de Vicente A., Moriñigo M.A., Romero P. and Borrego J.J. (1988). Evaluation of several selective media for recovery of Aeromonas hydrophila from polluted waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54, 2786-2792.

Austin B. and Austin D.A. (1987). Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK.

Bullock G.L. (1966). Precipitins and agglutinin reaction of aeromonads isolated from fish and other sources. Bulletin - Office International des Epizooties, 65, 805-824.

Bullock G.L. and Snieszko S.F. (1971). Bacterial Diseases of fishes. In: Diseases of Fishes. Book 2A, pp.21-41, Snieszko S.F. and Axelrod H.R. (eds.), TFH publications, Neptune, NJ, USA.

Cahill M.M. (1990). Virulence factors in motile Aeromonas species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 69, 1-16.

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Cascón A., Anguita J., Hernanz C., Sánchez M., Fernandez M. and Naharro G. (1996). Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila hybridization group I by PCR analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62, 1167-1170.

Cipriano C.C. and Austin B. (2011). Furunculosis and other Aeromonad Diseases. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders, Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections, vol. 3., pp.424-483, Woo P.T.K. and Bruno D.W. (eds.), CABI International, Oxfordshire, UK.

Davis J.W. and Sizemore R.K. (1981). Nonselectivity of Rimler-Shotts Medium for Aeromonas hydrophila in Estuarine Environments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 42, 544-545.

Dumontet S., Krovacek K., Baloda S.B., Grottoli R., Pasquale V. and Vanucci S. (1996). Ecological relationship between Aeromonas and Vibrio spp. and planktonic copepods in the coastal marine environment in southern Italy. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 19, 245-254.

East A.K. and Collins M.D. (1993). Molecular characterization of DNA encoding 23S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of Aeromonas hydrophila. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 106, 129-133.

Eddy B.P. (1960). Cephalotrichous, fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: the genus 79 Aeromonas. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 23, 216-248.

Egusa S. (1978). Infectious diseases of fish. 554 pp. Kouseisha Kouseikaku, Tokyo. (In Japanese).

Endo T., Ogishima K., Hayasaki H., Kaneko S. and Oshima S. (1973). Application of oxolinic acid as a chemotherapeutic agent against infectious diseases in fish. Bulletin of the Japanese Society for the Science of Fish, 39, 165-171. (in Japanese).

Fijan N.N. (1972). Infectious dropsy in carp – a disease complex. In: Diseases of Fish. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, No. 30, pp.39-51, Mawdesley L.E. (ed.), Academic Press, London, UK.

Ford L.A. and Thune R.L. (1992). Immunization of channel catfish with a crude, acid extracted preparation of motile aeromonad S-layer protein. Biochemical Letters, 47, 335-362.

Fukui H., Fujihara Y. and Kano T. (1987). In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of florfenicol, a new fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol, against fish pathogens. Fish Pathology, 22, 201-207.

Gosling P.J. (1996). Pathogenic mechanisms. In: The genus: Aeromonas. First edition, pp.245-265, Austin B., Altwegg M., Gosling P.J. and Joseph S.W. (eds.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.

Han J.E., Kim J.H., Choresca C., Shin S.P., Jun J.W. and Park S.C. (2013). Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate, Aeromonas hydrophila SNUFPC-A8, from a Moribund Cherry Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou). Genome Announcements, 1(1), e00133-12.

Hazen T.C., Fliermans C.B., Hirsch R.P. and Esch G.W. (1978). Prevalence and distribution of Aeromonas hydrophila in the United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 36, 731-738.

Hoshina T. (1962). Studies on Red-fin Disease of Eel. Special Research Report of Tokyo University of Fisheries, 6, 105. (In Japanese).

Janda J.M., Guthertz L.S., Kokka R.P. and Shimada T. (1994). Aeromonas species in septicemia: laboratory characteristics and clinical observations. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19, 77-83.

Janda J.M., Abbott S.L., Khashe S., Kellogg G.H., Shimada T. (1996). Further studies on biochemical characteristics and serologic properties of the genus Aeromonas. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 34, 1930-1933.

Karunasagar I., Rosalind G. and Karunasagar I. (1991). Immunological response of the Indian major carps to Aeromonas hydrophilla vaccine. Journal of Fish Diseases, 14, 413-417.

Kaper J., Seidler R.J., Lockman H. and Colwell R.R. (1979). Medium for the presumptive identification of Aeromonas hydrophilla and Enterobacteriaceae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38, 1023-1026.

Kaper J.B., Lockman H., Colwell R.R. and Joseph S.W. (1981). Aeromonas hydrophila: ecology and toxigenicity of isolates from an estuary. The Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 50, 359-377.

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Katae H., Kouno Y., Takase Y., Miyazaki H., Hashimoto M. and Shimizu M. (1979). The evaluation of piromidic acid as an antibiotic in fish: an in vitro and in vivo study. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2, 321-335.

Khardori N. and Fainstein V. (1988). Aeromonas and Plesiomonas as etiological agents. Annual Review of Microbiology, 42, 395-419.

Kou G.H. (1972a). Studies on the occurrence and biochemical properties of virulent and avirulent strains of freshwater fish pathogen, Aeromonas liquefaciens. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 1, 8-13.

Kou G.H. (1972b). Studies on the fish pathogen, Aeromonas liquefaciens-I. Aquaculture, 2, 22-33. (in Chinese).

Kou G.H. (1973). Study on the fish pathogen, Aeromonas liquefaciens - II. The connections between pathogenic properties and the activities of toxic substances. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 2, 42-46.

Lamers C.H.J., Haas M.J.H.de, and van Muiswinkel W.B. (1985). The reaction of the immune system of fish to vaccination: development of immunological memory in carp, Cyprinus carpio L.,following direct immersion in Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin. Journal of Fish Diseases, 8, 256-262.

Leblanc D., Mittal K.R., Olivier G. and Lallier R. (1981). Serogrouping of motile Aeromonas species isolated from healthy and moribund fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 42, 56-60.

Lewis D.H. and Allison T.C. (1971). An immunofluorescent technique for detecting Aeromonas liquefaciens in fish utilized in lunar exposure studies. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 100, 575-578.

Lewis D.H. and Savage N.L. (1972). Detection of antibodies to Aeromonas liquefaciens in fish by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 211-212.

MacInnes J.I., Trust T.J. and Crosa J.H. (1979). Deoxyribonucleic acid relationships among members of the genus Aeromonas. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 25, 579-586.

Martinez-Murcia A.J., Benlloch S. and Collins M.D. (1992). Phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the genera Aeromonas and Plesiomonas as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing: lack of congruence with results of DNA-DNA hybridization. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 42, 412-421.

Maruvada R., Das P., Ghosh A.N., Pal S.C. and Nair G.B. (1992). Electrophoretic mobility and immunoblot analysis of the outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae. Microbios, 71, 105-113.

McCoy R.H. and Seidler R.J. (1973). Potential pathogens in the environment: isolation, enumeration, and identification of seven genera of intestinal bacteria associated with small green pet turtles. Applied Microbiology, 25, 534-538.

Millership S.E. and Want S.V. (1993). Characterization of strains of Aeromonas spp. By phenotype and whole-cell protein fingerprint. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 39, 107-113.

Miyata M., Aoki T., Inglis V., Yoshida T. and Endo M. (1995). RAPD analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas hydrophila. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 79, 181-185.

Miyazaki T. and Jo Y. (1985). A histopathological study of motile aeromonad disease in ayu. Fish Pathology, 20, 55-59.

Miyazaki T. and Kaige N. (1985). A histopathological study on motile aeromonad disease of crucian carp. Fish Pathology, 21, 181-185.

Moyer N.P. (1996). Isolation and enumeration of aeromonads. In: The Genus Aeromonas, pp.39-84, Austin B., Altwegg M., Gosling P.J. and Joseph P. (eds.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.

Mulla R. and Millership S. (1993). Typing of Aeromonas spp. by numerical analysis of immunoblotted SDS-PAGE gels. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 39, 325-333.

Palumbo S.A., Maxino F., Williams A.C., Buckanan R.L. and Thayer D.W. (1985). Starch-ampicillin agar for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50, 1027-1030.

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Popoff M. and Véron M. (1976). A taxonomic study of the Aeromonas hydrophila-Aeromonas punctata group. Journal of General Microbiology, 94, 11-22.

Rippey S.R. and Cabelli V.J. (1979). Membrane filter procedure for enumeration of Aeromonas hydrophila in fresh waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38, 108-113.

Ruangpan L., Kitao T. and Yoshida T. (1986). Protective efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines in Nile tilapia. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 12, 345-350.

Ruimy R., Breittmayer V., Elbaze P., Lafay B., Boussemart O., Gautheir M. and Christen R. (1994). Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the genera Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas deduced from small-subunit rRNA sequences. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 44, 416-426.

Saitanu K. (1986). Aeromonas hydrophila infections in Thailand. In: The First Asian Fisheries Forum, pp.231-234, Maclean J.L., Dizon LB. and Hosillos L.V. (eds.), Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.

Sakazaki R. and Shimada T. (1984). O-serogrouping scheme for mesophilic Aeromonas strains. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, 37, 247-255.

Schäperclaus W (1930) Pseudomonas punctata als Krankheitserreger bei Fischen. Zeitung für Fischerei, 28, 289-370.

Schäperclaus W., Kulow H. and Schreckenbach K. (1992). Infectious abdominal dropsy. In: Fish Diseases, Vol 1, pp.401-458, Schäperclaus W. (ed.), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

Seidler R.J., Allen D.A., Lockman H., Colwell R.R., Joseph S.W. and Daily O.P. (1980). Isolation, enumeration, and characterization of Aeromonas from polluted waters encountered in diving operations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 39, 1010-1018.

Shaw D.H. and Hodder H.J. (1978). Lipopolysaccharides of the motile aeromonads: core oligosaccharide analysis as an aid to taxonomic classification. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 24, 864-868.

Shotts E.B. Jr. and Rimler R. (1973). Medium for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied Microbiology, 26, 550-553.

Song Y.L., Chen S.N. And Kou G.H. (1976). Agglutinating antibodies production and protection in eel (Anguilla japonica) inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. liquefaciens) antigens. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 4, 25-29.

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Wilcox M.H., Cook A.M., Thickett K.J., Eley A. and Spencer R.C. (1992). Phenotypic methods for speciating clinical Aeromonas isolates. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 1079-1083.

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Biographical Sketches Dr. Terutoyo Yoshida is currently a professor for the University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

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He obtained Ph.D. degrees from Kagoshima University in 1991,and worked with fish bacterial diseases. He can be reached through [email protected] Dr. Tetsuichi Nomura Graduated from Tokyo University of Fisheries and received his Doctorate degree in Fisheries Science from Hokkaido University. He previously worked for the National Salmon Resources Center, Fisheries Agency of Japan. Presently, he works for the Japan Fisheries Science and Technology Association. Dr. Hisatsugu Wakabayashi is currently an Emeritus Professor of the University of Tokyo. He obtained Ph. D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1975. Dr. Wakabayashi has worked with fish diseases, mainly focused on bacterial diseases for many years. He can be reached through [email protected]. Dr. Toshihiro Nakai is currently a professor in Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University. He obtained M.Agr. from Hiroshima University in 1979 and Ph.D. from The University of Tokyo in 1986. Dr. Nakai has worked in the field of fish pathology for more than 30 years, particularly with bacterial and viral diseases of cultured fish. His e-mail address is [email protected]. Dr. Tomokazu Takano is currently a researcher for Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency in Japan. He obtained Ph.D. degrees from Tokyo University of Fisheries in 2006. Dr. Takano has worked with fish immunology and vaccines against economically important pathogens in aquaculture for many years. He can be reached through [email protected].