3. Mô hình hoa yeu cau-bieu do usecase

7/22/2019 3. M hnh hoa yeu cau-bieu do usecase

1/17

10/09/201

Gv: V Th DngEmail: [email protected]

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

Trng i hc cng nghip H Ni

PHN TCH THIT KHNG I TNG

M hnh hatrng hp s dng

Bi 3

Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 2 - 3/53

Mc tiu

Sau khi hc xong bi sinh vin nm c Khi nim ca s dng

Khi nim i tc

Cc loi quan h trong biu ca s dng

V c biu ca s dng


2/17

10/09/201


Gii thiu m hnh ha UC Trong pha thu thp yu cu v phn tch h thng thng phi xy

dng cc biu cho M hnh nghip v M hnh trng hp s dng M hnh giao din ngi s dng

M hnh trng hp s dng (Use case model)m t h thng cs dng nh th no Use case (UC) h thng v tc nhn h thng xc nh phm vi h thng

UC l nhng g bn trong h thng Actor l nhng g bn ngoi h thng

Biu UC m t tng tc gia cc UC v tc nhn hnh thnh chcnng h thng


Cc khi nim m hnh ha UC

Cc khi nim c bn Tc nhn (Actor)

Trng hp s dng (Use case-UC) Quan h (Relationship) Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) Biu trng hp s dng (Use case Diagram)


Tc nhn Tc nhn (actor)?

tc nhn (tc nhn ngoi) l mtvai tr camthaynhiungi,vtthtrong stngtc vihthng

(M tai, ci g tngtc vihthng) itc phil ngi(vtth)c trao ithng tin vi

hthnghay hng liththngv phic sttrtrong quytnh

Bn loi: i tc chnh: con ngi s dng trc tip chcnng

chnh hthng(khch hng, gio vin) i tc ph: Nhng ngi lm cng tc qun l, bo

dnghthng Thitbngoi: Thitbchthngiukhin H thng khc: l cc h thngkhng thuch thng

angxy dngnhngc tngtc vin.

ttn: l danh thay cmdanh t,theo vaitr, khng theo tn cthv n l lp

Customer


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10/09/201


Tm kim tc nhn nh th no?

Hy tr li cc cu hi sau tm ra tc nhn h thng Ai s s dng chc nng chnh ca h thng?

Ai gip h thng lm vic hng ngy? Ai qun tr, bo dng h thng lm vic lin tc?

H thng qun l thit b phn cng no?

H thng ang xy dng tng tc vi h thng khc no?

Ai hay ci g quan tm n kt qu h thng cho li?

Th d ng dng UML Mt trng i hc thc hin tin hc ha h thng ng k hc v dy hc theo h thng tn

ch. H thng cho php sinh vin c quyn la chn mn hc cho mi hc k. Trc khi bc vo hc k mi, Gio v gi danh sch cc mn hc trong hc k v thi kha

biu d kin chocc thy gio. Thy gio ng k cc mn m mnh c th ging trong hc k Cn c vo ds thy + mn trn v vo k hoch hc tp chung ca trng, cn b qun

sinh lp 1 danh sch cc mn hc c trong hc k km vi cc thng tin cn thit nh: thygio, s gi, cc mn phi hc trc sinh vin c cn c la chn

Tip mi sinh vin ng k cc mn m mnh hc ri gi cho phng qun sinh. Thngthng mi sinh vin c chn t 6-8 mn/hc k v thc hin ng k trong vng 1 tun

Khi ht hn ng k, cbqs da vo thng tin nhn c t chc cc lp ging cho tng mn Mi lp ging khng di 10 ngi v k qu 30 ngi. Do iu kin hn ch ny m c th

xy ra trng hp lp ging qu vng khng t chc c hoc lp ging qu ng m tchc thm 1 lp na th li thiu ngi. Trong trng hp h thng s thng bo li visinh vin hc ng k li.

Khi hon tt vic xp lp phng qun sinh thng bo cho tng thy lch day v cho sinhvin lch hoc ca mnh. Mt khc, ds cc mn hc cho cc mn hc cho tng sinh vin cngc gi cho phng ti v tnh hc ph

Nh trng mun xy dng mt h thng thng tin trn my tnh tr gip qu trnh ngk ni trn. Trong cc thy c gio c th truy nhp trc tip ng k mn dy hayxem danh sch sinh vin lp mnh dy, cn sinh vin th c dnh mt s ngy cho php truy cp h thng sa (thm hay b) cc mn hc m mnh s ng k


Ca s dng - Use case. Use case l mtbiudincamttphp

cc chui hnh ngm h thng thchinnhmcung cp1 ktqucthcho 1itc

Tphp cc ca sdng l m tton bhthngcnxy dng

Mt ca s dng tng ng vi 1 chcnng ca h thng di gc nhn cangisdng

Mtca sdngchra lm thno 1 mctiucungisdngcthamn bihthng

Purchase Ticket


4/17

10/09/201


Ca s dng

Lu : Ca s dng phi lin kt vi mt hay mt s i tc trong c 1

i tc chnh (i tc kch hot ca s dng mt cch trc tip haygin tip)

Mt ca s dng phi dn ti 1 kt qu c th- ngha l 1 kt qunhn bit c trn vn va o m c

Cn phn bit cc mc tiu ca ngi s dng v cc tng tcca h vi h thng

Mc tiu l ci m ngi s dng mong i Tng tc l k thut cho php p ng mc tiu

V d: Mc tiu: c c mt vn bn trnh by p Tng tc: Chn nh dng trang, font, l..


Ca s dng

V d:1 Gio v cn phi thm mn hc, sa mn hc, loi b mn hc.

c l 3 ca s dng khng? Khng, v Qun l mn hc mi l khi nim trn vn, kch hot

bi cng 1 i tc (gio v), cp ti cng mt thc th trong hthng l k hoch hc tp nhm hon tt n

V d 2: Xy dng h thng ATM cho php rut tin: a th vo Nhp m pin chn s tin rut- khng nh s tin rt-ly tin, ly

th- ly bin li rt.

Tm cc ca s dng?


Xy dng UC lm g?

Hnh thnh v m t yu cu chc nng h thng L kt qu tha thun gia khch hng v ngi pht trin h

thng phn mm Cho php m t r rng v nht qun ci h thng s lm

M hnh c kh nng c s dng xuyn sut qu trnh pht trin

Cung cp c s kim tra, th nghim h thng Cho kh nng d thay i hay m rng yu cu h thng

Phn tch

Thu thp,lc v nh

gi UC

Thit k,ci t

Ci t UC

Kim tra

Kim traxem UC

tha mn?

UC gn cc bc trong tintrnh pht trin

UC v tin trnhpht trin


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10/09/201


Xy dng UC lm g?

Ai quan tm n UC?

Ngis dng

Phn tch vin

Th nghim

Kin trc s

Lp trnh vin

Use case

Din t Hiu

Kim tra

Thit k

Ci t


Tm kim UC nh th no? Vi mi tc nhn tm ra, hy tr li cc cu hi sau tm ra

cc Use case h thng Tc nhn yu cu h thng thc hin chc nng no?

Tc nhn cn c, to lp, bi b, lu tr, sa i cc thng tin notrong h thng?

Tc nhn cn thng bo cho h thng s kin xy ra trong n?

H thng cn thng bo ci g cho tc nhn?

H thng cn vo/ra no? Vo/ra i n u hay t u?

t tn UC h thng ng t + cm danh t din t ngha ca UC.

t theo khi nim nghip v ca t chc

Khng t tn s dng t k thut, chuyn mn

Nn s dng cc ng t, cm t ngn gn

Ty theo tm c d n m mi h thng c t 20-70 UC


tm y UC cho h thng?

Cc cu hi sau gip xc nh tm y UC?

Mi yu cu chc nng trong t nht mt UC? Nu yu cu chc nng khng trong UC no th n s khng

c ci t sau ny.

kho st mi tc nhn tng tc vi h thng?

Tc nhn cung cp cho h thng thng tin no?

Tc nhn nhn thng tin no t h thng?

nhn bit mi h thng bn ngoi tng tc vi hthng ang xy dng?

Thng tin no h thng bn ngoi nhn v gi cho hthng ang xy dng?


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10/09/201


Lung s kin trong UC

Ti liu lung s kin (flow of events)- c t UC- m t hnh vi catng ca s dng M t lung logc i qua UC m t ngi s dng lm g, h thng lm g Trong mt UC c nhiu lung s kin: lung chnh, lung ph Mi lung gi l 1 kch bn (scenario).

Cc loi kch bn Kch bn chnh Kch bn ph Kch bn ngoi l v sai hng.

Kch bn 3

UC

Kch bn 1 Kch bn 2


Lm ti liu UC (c t)

M t UC (ch ni r what, khng how) c t ch r ca s dng trao i thng tin vi cc i tc

no, n bt u v kt thc ra sao, n c th din ra theocc kch bn no.

Thng thng bao gm cc thng tin sau


Ti liu c t UC

M t tm tt (bt buc): tn, mc ch tm lc, itc, ngy lp, ngi lp, version..

M t cc kch bn (bt buc): Tin iu kin (pre-condition):

iu kin cn thc hin trc khi UC khi ng ; Khng phi UC no cng c tin iu kin

Lung s kin chnh v lung s kin r nhnh Hu iu kin (post-condition) Cc yu cu v giao din: (ty ) : thm cc rng buc v giao

din ngi my Cc rng buc phi chc nng (ty ): Tn sut khi lng, .


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10/09/201


Ti liu lung s kin

Ti liu lung s kin bao gm M t vn tt UC

Tin iu kin (pre-condition)

Lung s kin chnh v lung s kin r nhnh chi tit v UC c m t trong hai lung s kin ny

m t ci g s xy ra thc hin chc nng ca UC

Ni dung ti liu UC khi ng nh th no?

Cc ng i xuyn qua cc UC

Lung chnh thng qua UC

Lung r nhnh thng qua UC

Cc lung li

UC kt thc th no.

Hu iu kin (post-condition) L iu kin c thc hin ngay sau khi kt thc UC


Th d ti liu lung s kin Lm ti liu cc lung s kin cho UCPurchase Ticket

M t tm tt: Tn ca s dng: Purchase ticket

Mc ch: Gip khch hng mua v n a im mong mun

Tm lc: Khch hng chn ni n sau c th xem cc thng tinv cc chuyn bay v c th t mua v v kt thc

i tc: Khch hng

Ngy lp. Ngi lp. Version.

M t cc kch iu kin u vo: Ca s dng c thc hin khi khch hng ng

nhp thnh cng vo h thng

Kch bn chnh

(cn na)


Th d ti liu lung s kin Lm ti liu cc lung s kin cho UCPurchase Ticket

Cc bc trong lung s kin chnh 1. UC bt u khi customer chn chc nng xem thng tin chuyn bay

2. H thng hin th thnh ph n, i v thi gian h cnh, ct cnh

3. User nhp ni n, i, thi gian ngy thng khi hnh v tr v

4. H thng hin th danh sch chuyn bay v gi vA1. Khng cn chuyn bay

5. User chn chuyn bay t trc

6. H thng hin th cc loi v user chn

7. User chn gi vA2. User chn gi v cho thnh vin frequent-flyer

8. H thng hin th gi v s bn cho khch hng

9. User khng nh gi v

10.H thng hin th loi th tn dng, s th, thi gian ht hn

11.User nhp loi th tn dng, s th, thi gian ht hn

12.H thng trnh mua bng th(cn na)


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10/09/201


Th d ti liu lung s kinA6. Khng thy ti khon

A7. Khng tin

E1. Khng xm nhp c h thng tn dng

13. H thng dnh ch cho user

14. H thng pht sinh v hin th m xc thc cho user

15. User khng nh nhn m16. Use case kt thc

Lung phA1. Khng c chuyn bay

1. H thng hin th thng ip thng bo khng c chuyn bay

2. User khng nh thng ip

3. Tr li lung chnh Bc 2.

A2. V dnh cho thnh vinfrequent-flyer1. H thng hin th s hiu frequent -flayer

2. User nhp s

3. H thng khng nh tnh hp l ca s

A3. S khng hp l

...


Th d ti liu lung s kin Lm ti liu cc lung s kin cho UCng k mn hc

M t tm tt: Tn ca s dng: ng k hc

Mc ch: Gip sinh vin ng k mn hc m mnh s hc trong mthc k no

Tm lc: Sinh vin chn mt hc k ri sau c th thm, b,xem in cc mn hc, chn ngy hc, chn lp v kt thc

i tc: sinh vin

Ngy lp. Ngi lp. Version.

M t cc kch iu kin u vo: Ca s dng c thc hin khi sinh vin ng

nhp thnh cng vo h thng v ch hot ng c khi ca s dng

duy tr thng tin mn hc c thc hin Kch bn chnh

(cn na)


Th d c t ca s dng Ca s dng ny bt u khi sinh vin ng nhp vo h thng KMH

v nhp mt khu ca mnh. H thng kim tra thy mt khu l ng n (R1) v nhc sinh vin chn nm

hc, hc k ny hay sau (R2). Sinh vin chn hc k, nm hc

h thng nhn sinh vin chn vic trong Thm, B, Xem, In, Ra

Nu thmc chn th kch bn con: C1-Thm mt mn hc cthc hin.

Nu Bc chn th kch bn con: C2-B mt mn hc c thchin.

Nu Xemc chn th kch bn con: C3-xem mt lch biu cthc hin.

Nu inc chn th kch bn con: C4-In mt lch biu c thchin

Nu Rac chn th ca s dng kt thc


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10/09/201

Th d c t ca s dng

Cc kch bn con C1: Thm mt mn hc

H thng hin th danh sch cc mn hc c th c chn

Sinh vin chn mn (R3) H thng hin th cc lp v tn thy gio dy + thi gian Sinh vin chn lp H thng gn lp hc + mn cho sinh vin


Cc kch bn kh d khc R1: Mt khu a vo l khng hp l, ngi dng c th nhp li

hoc kt thc ca s dng R2: Hc k a vo l khng ng ng. Ngi dng c th nhp

li hc k hc kt thc ca s dng R3: Cc lp ging khng hin th c: Thng bo cho ngi dng

l chn la cha sn sng thi im hin ti, Ca s dng btu li

R4: Kt ni khng c thit lp: Thng tin c sao lu v hthng s kt ni sau

vtduong2010 Phn tch thit k hng i tng 26/62

c t ca s dng

Cc cch m t khc M b gm 2 s kin chnh v cc s kin ngoi l. Cc s kin chi

lm 2 lung, lung tng tng vi tc nhn v lung tng ngvi h thng


Hnh ng ca tc nhn Hnh ng ca h thng

Sinh vin: a vo mtkhu v tn ng nhp

2. Hthng xc nhn mtkhu v tn ng nhp

3.Sinh vin chn hc k vnm hc

4.Hthng hin th cc mnhc c th c trong hc k

5.Sinh vin chn mn hc 6. Hthng ghi nhn vicchn mn hc

7.Sinh vin kt thc vicchn mn


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10/09/201

1

c t ca s dng

Tm li Xc nh cc ca s dng nhiu c th Khng i vo qu chi tit nhm gim phc tp

M t ngn gn v mi ca s dng l m bo rng cc ca s dng bao gm ht cc yu cu ca h

thng



Cc quan h

Quan h kt hp (Association) L loi quan h gia tc nhn v UC

Mi tn cho bit ai l ngi khi xng giao tip

Quan h gp (Includes) Quan h m rng (Extends)

Quan h khi qut ha (Generalization)

Customer Purchase Ticket

Customer Purchase Ticket Credit System

Quan h gp gia 2 Use-case

Dng lin kt 2 Use-case: c stereotype l Trong Use-case ngun c im m rng m ti bt

buc phi chn Use-case ch vo. Ti im m rng, din tin ca use-case ngun tm thi ngng

li chuyn sang din tin ca use-case ch Khi kt thc use-case ch, din tin ca use-case ngun li tip

tc Quan h k hiu l mi tn t nt, u mi tn hung v UC

ch km theo khun dp

ng nhp(UC ch)

Tm kim (UC ngun)


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10/09/201

1

Dng lin kt 2 Use-case: c stereotype l Trong use-case ngun c mt im m rng m ti c

th (hoc khng) chn use-case ch vo ty thuc vo

iu kin r nhnh hoc tng tc t actor Ti im m rng, nu c m rng th din tin ca use-case

ngun tm thi ngng li chuyn sang din tin ca use-casech

Khi kt thc use-case ch, din tin ca use-case ngun tip tc K hiu l mi tn t nt c u hng v uc ngun

Quan h m rng gia 2 Use-case

t ch (UC ngun)

Kim tra th tn dng (ch)


Cc quan h

Quan h kt hp (Association) Quan h gp (Includes) Quan h m rng (Extends) UC tru tng

Quan h includesv extendsu c tnh cht chung l cng s dngchc nng do UC khc cung cp

Phn chc nng s dng chung c th trong UC mi UC tru tng UC tru tng khng b tc nhn kch hot giao tip

Quan h khi qut ha (Generalization)

Kim tra th tn dng

t ch

Mua v

Abstract UC

Concrete UC

Quan h khi qut ha

L mi quan h gia cc i tng cng nhm to nnmt i tng mang nhng tnh cht chung ca cc i

tng kia Quan h khi qut ha k hiu l ng lin nt c mi

tn tam gic. u mi tn hng v ci i tng tngqut.

Quan h thng qut ha gia cc Actor: nhiu actor cchung mt s vai tr -> hnh thnh actor tng qut hamang vai tr chung .

KhachHangTapThe KhachHangCaNhan

KhachHang

Tac nhan

truu tuong

Tac nhan cu

the


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10/09/201

1

Quan h khi qut ha

Quan h thng qut ha gia cc Use-case: khi c nhiuuse-case l trng hp c th mt use-case tru tng


Biu Use Case M hnh UC c m t bi mt hay nhiu biu UC

S lng biu UC cho mt d n l ty

Khng qu nhiu lm ri lon

Phi m bo biu din y thng tin ca h thng

N l cng c mnh gip thu thp yu cu chc nng h thng

N ch ra quan h gia UC v tc nhn v gia UC vi nhau

S dng biu lm ti liu UC, tc nhn v cc quan h giachng

Li ch chnh ca biu UC l lm giao tip

Khi quan st cc UC, customer bit h thng c cc chc nng no

Khi quan st cc tc nhn, customer bit ai giao tip vi h thng

Khi quan st c UC v tc nhn, customer bit phm vi d n


Ch khi v biu UC

Mt d n c th c nhiu biu UC.

Ngi phn tch thit k c th sng to v ccbiu

Hn ch ti a vic cc lin kt trong biu chng cho ln nhau. Cc tham kho sau gipbn thc hin iu Theo cc tc nhn

Theo cc chc nng

Theo lung x l chnh trong bi ton


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10/09/201

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Biu Use Case

Cc ch khi xy dng biu UC Khng nn m hnh ha quan h kt hp gia tc nhn vi tc

nhn -> v giao tip gia cc tc nhn l bn ngoi h thng Hy s dng biu lung cng vic kho st quan h gia

cc tc nhn

Khng hnh thnh quan hAssociationgia cc UC Biu ch ra c cc UC no nhng khng ch ra trt t thc hin

chng

Mi UC phi c tc nhn kch hot (tr UC trong quan hextendsv quan h includes) Nn v mi tn th hin associationi t tc nhn n UC

C th xem CSDL l lp di biu UC C th nhp tin vo CSDL UC ny v xm nhp d liu trong

CSDL UC khc Khng v associationgia cc UC ch ra lung thng tin


Biu hot ng

Biu hot ng (Activity diagram)do Odell xutcho UML m t lung cng vic trong tin trnh nghip v trong m hnh

ha nghip v m t lung s kin trong m hnh ha h thng

S dng text nh trc y s kh c khi logc phc tp, cnhiu r nhnh

Biu hot ng s dng m hnh ha kha cnh ng ca h thng cc bc trnh t hay tng tranh trong qu trnh tnh ton


Biu hot ng

a lp vo

Lich trnh

a cc ttca kha hc

M cho svng k

[n hn m ng k]

Cha n hn m ng k,


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Tm tt

Bi ny xem xt cc vn sau Biu UC l g? Quan h gia biu UC

Cc khi nim ca m hnh UC Cch tm kim UC, tc nhn, quan h trong m hnh UC Cch m t lung s kin

vn bn biu hot ng

Cc phn t ha xy dng biu UC

Bi 1

dvduc-2004 Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 4 - 41/31

in cc khun dp (steotype) cho cac lin kt 1,2,3

Bi 2


Gii thch ngha ca lin kt sau

Gi tit kim

Gi k hn 6thng

Gi khng khn Sinh vin khoa CNTTSinh vin

Gi tit kim

Ghi phiu gi tin Np tin

Gi tit

kim

Trng

thng


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1

Bi 3


in dng quan h ph hp gia cc UC sau

Giao hng

Giao ca hng

Mang

n tnnh

Bn hng

In ha

n

Xuthng

Bn hng

Nhp hngtnh

cung cp

Hthng

Bi 4: B sung lin kt cho s


ng k miTi khon

blog

ng nhpS dng blog

Thng boLi

Thng bo lido tn ng nhp

Thng bo liMt khu sai

Bi 5- Tm ca s dng

Bn hy xc nh cc use-case trong on vn sau v ttn cho chng, sau v biu UC:

Khi c khch n ca hng bn qun o, ngi bn hng cth tm kim b qun o thch hp vi dng ngi cakhch ri thuyt phc h mua



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Bi 6- Tm ca s dng

Bn hy xc nh cc use-case trong on vn sau v ttn cho chng, sau v biu UC:Mua hng qua mng

Khch tm kim trn mng cc mt hng cn mua. H c

th tin hnh tm kim hng chuyn su hoc tm hngtheo gi hoc theo ch . Khi khch tm thy mt mt hng, h c th b hng vo

gi, hay b bt mt mt hng trong gi nu khng munmua na

Khi mun mua cc mt hng chn ( c trong gihng), khch hng phi tin hnh ng nhp vo h thng chn hnh thc thanh ton ph hp.


Bi 7- to lp hp th trn internet

Ngi dng mun s hu mt a ch th trn internetphi tin hnh ng k.

Sau khi ng k xong h c nh cung cp dch v tocho mt ti khon trn website v t bn c th gi,c, nhn, xa, chuyn tip th.

Nu bn khng dng hm th to trong vng 6 thng,nh cung cp s tin hnh hy b ti khon cp

Nh cung cp hay ngi dng u phi ng nhp trckhi thc hin cc thao tc trn ti khon ca mnh

Hy: Tm cc tc nhn, ca s dng v v biu UC cho biton trn


Bi 8: H thng ATM

My rt tin ATM c cc chc nng sau Cp pht tin cho nhng ai c th ngn hng, cho php rt mt s

lng tin bi h thng thng tin ca ngn hng v nhng ai cth VISA (cho php t xa bi h thng VISA) Cho xem kim tra s tin ti khon v b tin vo ti khon bng

tin mt hoc ngn phiu i vi nhng ai c th ngn hng

Tt c cc giao tc u c kim tra an ton Kim tra m PIN, M PIN nhp sai 3 ln th th b nut Cn phi thng xuyn np tin vo my, ly ngn phiu v cc

th b nut ra Xc nh cc tc nhn v ca s dng, V biu ca s dng

Phn tch thit k hng i tng Bi 448


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Bi tp 9

Qunl otonhn vin: Mtcng ty munm tbngUM: vicotonhn vin tin hcha mts cng vic. Vico tobtukhi ngiqunl otonhncyu cuotocamtsnhn vin. Nhn vinny c thxem danh mc cc chuyn otocacc nvotokktvi cng ty. Yu cucanhn vin cxen xt bingiqunl o

tov ngiqunl s tr lil chpnhnhay tchingh. Trongtrnghpchpnhn,ngiqunlhys sx nhchuyn ph hp trongdanh mccc chuyn sau gicho nhn vin nidung cachuyn vdanh sch cc kha oto. Nhn vin schnkha otov ngiqunl sngk kha hcvinvotocho nhn vin. Trong trnghpmunhybngk, nhn vin phithng bo smcho ngiqun l bitsm ngiqun l thchinhyb. Cuikha khcnhn vin chuynphiunhgi ktqur hcvcho cng ty. Ngiqunl skimtra h nthanh ton tincanvoto

Xy dng biu ca s dng


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3. Mô hình hoa yeu cau-bieu do usecase