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ว30263 พันธุศาสตร์ และวิวัฒนาการ ภาคเรียนที่ 2 ปีการศึกษา 2559

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Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School 2

What is Genetics?

Why do we learn Genetics?

3 Activity : Doing mind map

http://www.igossipy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/mww.jpg http://mpics.manager.co.th/pics/Images/557000011845101.JPEG

http://www.grassfedgirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/gmo.jpg http://kosmixmedia.com/static/39d944e6f361833e44bb41023e928ed3.jpg

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http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Cloned-Dolly.jpg http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/18233/media/image2.jpeg

Stem Cell Cloning Breeding

Genetics?

http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/bio/graphics/pl%20breed.jpg

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In your opinion, what do genetics researcher do?

http://www.thinkingwriting.qmul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/shared/files/animations/Thinking-writing-6.gif

Please sign in e-database, choose science direct (e-journal) to find what do genetics researcher do and share with your friends.

8 https://www.genome.gov/images/content/genetic_testing.jpg

Medical Science

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Agriculture

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mitochondrial_eve_tree.gif/250px-Mitochondrial_eve_tree.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Early_diversification.PNG/300px-Early_diversification.PNG http://www.nature.com/news/genetic-adam-and-eve-did-not-live-too-far-apart-in-time-1.13478

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Evolution

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20884/abstract

Do Thais come from Altai?

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Anthropology

http://www.nrct.go.th/th/portals/0/e-book/policy-strategy8th/8th.html

National Research Policy and Strategy (2012-2016)

http://www.nrct.go.th/th/Portals/0/data/2557/RPP/strategyResearch_sub/22-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8 %AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7.pdf

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National Research Policy and Strategy (2017-2021)

http://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/gst/issue/view/2216 http://cdnlarge.bookadda.com/bk_images/924/9780763779924.jpg

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41B8tOvRAuL._SX258_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg 14

What would happen if there were no Genetics?

When did Genetics initiate?

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http://omgcutethings.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/happy-sheep-daily-5-omg-cute-things-080212-03.jpg http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/11/590x/dog-diabetes-423646.jpg http://breannalynnmusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/dailycute.net_8475_1338004803.jpg http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/cse-img/biology/evolution/mustard-selection.jpg http://www.thecropsite.com/slir/w280/imagelib/257_barleynew3.jpg

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http://www.g2conline.info/content/c16/16195/16195_letter.jpg http://www.genmedhist.info/reports/genetical_soc/bateson.jpg 17

Who is the famous Geneticists?

http://www.biofuturesdvd.com/project/time/img/Screen15Mendel.jpg http://thepersonalgenome.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/geneticist_physician.png

http://teamforensics.wikispaces.com/file/view/Watson%20crick%20franklin.jpg/377895562/318x226/Watson%20crick%20franklin.jpg

http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/verhandl.gif

http://hslnews.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/mendel-caption-title2.jpg http://trinitynews.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Nobel-Prize.jpeg http://sp6.fotolog.com/photo/54/45/12/aida_rg/1201358749_f.jpg http://www.microbes-edu.org/etudiant/mycoplasma/bp.jpg

First period :1865-1952 Second period : 1953-2003 Third period : 2004-present

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http://jem.rupress.org/content/79/2/137.abstract 19

http://www.pnas.org/content/74/12/5463 20

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5987/52.full 21

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v422/n6934/pdf/timeline_01626.pdf

Genetics Timeline

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http://www.siameseproject.com/siamese/name/faces.jpg

Are you different from the others?

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http://www.siameseproject.com/siamese/name/faces.jpg

จากบนลงล่าง ซ้ายไปขวา แถว 1. ชาวซาน แอฟริกา / ชาวภูฏาน / ชาวมอนปา / ชาวทิเบต / ชาวจีน / ชาวจีนใต้ / ชาวมองโกล / ชาวชุกชี / ชาวนาวาโฮ แถว 2. ชาวสิกขิม / ชาวไทอาหม / ชาวนากา / ชาวไทใหญ่ / ชาวไทลื้อ / ชาวมลาบรี / ชาวไทจ่อง / ชาวเกาหลี / ชาวไอน ุแถว 3. ชาวอินเดีย / ชาวเบงกอล / ชาวมอญ / ชาวพม่า / ชาวไทสยาม / ชาวไทพวน / ชาวลาว / ชาวเวียดนาม / ชาวญี่ปุ่น แถว 4. ชาวอินเดีย / ชาวทมิฬ / ชาวอันดามันนีส / ชาวโอรังลาโวด / ชาวมาเลย์ / ชาวเขมร / ชาวเขมร / ชาวเวียดนาม / ชาวเมาร ิแถว 5. ชาวลังกา / ชาวอินโด / ชาวอินโด / ชาวอินโด / ชาวโอรังอัสลิ (บาติก) / ชาวเซมัง / ชาวปาปวน / ชาวออสโตรอะบอริจิน / ชาวฮาวาย

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http://www.peterubel.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/beethoven4.jpg http://www.howard.edu/newsroom/images/Magic%20Johnson%20Player.jpg

Nature or Nurture?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Charles_Darwin_01.jpg

http://mathground.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fermats-Last-Theorem-The-Proof-Andrew-Wiles.png 25

Genetic or Environment?

http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch39/39_02PotatoGreening.jpg 26

http://i.ytimg.com/vi/O85aM7-BZqM/hqdefault.jpg

Gene

Gene-environment interaction

Environment Eye colour

Curly hair by curl machine

Skin colour 27

Check yourself : which characters are occurred by genetic?

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_byDdUa0uV94/TNcATfT6G6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/OknVi_D4CNA/s320/-hemipeligia.jpg 28

Continuous variation Discontinuous variation

http://www.vce.bioninja.com.au/_Media/continuous_vs_discontinuous_med.jpeg 29

http://qph.is.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-d639ca5e0d3b95c4bb722e579ce7e6f7?convert_to_webp=true http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1002447

http://www.dicat.csic.es/dicat/en/2011/210-the-molecular-mechanism-that-links-temperature-with-sex-determination-in-some-species-has-been-found

European sea bass Reptile

From these pictures could you explain the relation between gene and environment?

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Gene

Gene

Gene

Gene

Gene

Environment

Environment

Environment

Environment

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_byDdUa0uV94/TNcATfT6G6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/OknVi_D4CNA/s320/-hemipeligia.jpg

Genotype Phenotype 32

Environment

Gene

Protein Phenotype

Chromosome

Could you explain the relationship among these?

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CHROMOSOME & KARYOTYPE

Tanyaratana Dumkua Biology Department, Mahidolwittayanusorn School 34

Cell & Phenotype

http://www.dermamedics.com/images/user_images/melaninunit.gif http://cdn.entwellbeing.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/skin-colour-types.jpg

http://petragaleria.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/2009-homem-corpo-humano-nu-dna-celula-cromossomo-nucleo-mitocondria-man-human-body-naked-dna-cell-chromosome-nucleus-mitochondria.jpg?w=625

How do cells control phenotype?

http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/cho/ergolgi.jpeg

http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/images/rna-transcription.gif

Protein & Gene

Chromosome & DNA

https://elcaminogmi.dnadirect.com/img/content/common/cellsToDNA.gif

What is a chromosome?

Does every living have chromosome?

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/viruses/images/virus_structure.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg/1258px-Average_prokaryote_cell-_en.svg.png http://carolguze.com/images/cellorganelles/chromosomes2.jpg

Chromosome & Genome

https://cdn-assets.answersingenesis.org/img/articles/am/v3/n2/dna-sources-large.jpg https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTgHRWn27TB16PA8OJsgkxdSOvj9hddWbDrHOeva67_qYYyRLKL

http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html

Bacterial chromosome

Nucleoid

http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-18/18_06.jpg

Mesosome

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/123/15/1650/F2.large.jpg

Eukaryotic Nuclear chromosome

Histone protein

DNA

What is a chromosome?

What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome?

http://www.nmpdr.org/FIG/wiki/pub/FIG/Contig/ChromosomesInEuksAndProks.png

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/bac-rep.jpg

http://00.edu-cdn.com/files/static/mcgrawhillprofessional/9780071625036/BACTERIAL_DNA_REPLICATION_AND_CELL_DIVISION_03.GIF

http://mol-biol4masters.masters.grkraj.org/html/Eukaryotic_DNA_Replication4-Replication_Mechanism_files/image013.jpg

http://course1.winona.edu/kbates/bio241/images/figure-11-13.jpg

http://images.slideplayer.us/2/736921/slides/slide_28.jpg

http://static.diffen.com/uploadz/f/fd/eukaryote-prokaryote-DNA.png

Cytogenetics is a study of chromosome.

o Number o Structure o Function o Behavior in relation to gene inheritance o Organization and expression

http://www.elu.sgul.ac.uk/rehash/guest/scorm/53/package/content/images/metaphase_structure.jpg

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/chromatin.html

From chromatin to Chromosome

o DNA (2 nm) o Histone o Nucleosomes (11nm) o Solenoid (30 nm) o Scaffold (120-300 nm) o Chromatid (700 nm)

http://beyondthedish.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/chromatin1.jpg

http://www.genetics.sdu.edu.cn/jpkc/bnzkj/chapter2.pdf

http://iws.inha.ac.kr/~biology/lab9/genetics/figure/chromosome1.jpg

DNA & Histone

How do they bind together?

http://bio.m2osw.com/gcartable/imagesbio/imag%20polytech/lysinarg.gif http://blog.deanandadie.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/phosphate.jpg

Negative charge Positive charge

Phosphate group

@pH 7

Histones

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/histone-DNA.jpg http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/136/2/131/F1.large.jpg

Octamer

(H1), (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) x2

http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/39090/fimmu-03-00371-HTML/image_m/fimmu-03-00371-g002.jpg

Chromatin o Euchromatin

o Heterochromatin

o Lightly stained o Loose structure o Genetically active o Unmethylated DNA

o Deeply stained o Compact structure o Genetically silent o Methylated DNA

http://www.med.uoi.gr/haematology/en/img/euchromatin_heterocromatin.jpg

http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/44218/media/fig1.png

K&R

http://chemicalbiologyutrecht.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Arg_Met_with_legend.jpg

http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-18/18_22.jpg

Concepts

o Cytogenetics is a study of chromosome. o Chromosome is a packing chromatin. o Chromatin is binding between DNA (negative

charge) and proteins (especially positive charge of Histone)

o Gene expression occurs when structural protein can not bind with DNA.

o Euchromatin has lightly stain.

http://img2.tfd.com/mk/K/X2604-K-01.png

KARYOTYPE and IDEOGRAM

http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/44714/media/image5.jpeg

https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Human_Karyotype.html

http://kenpitts.net/bio/genetics/human_karyotype.gif

Denver System (1960s) Paris Banding (1970s)

http://www.fertilitycenter.com/fertility_cares_blog/preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis/

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

http://www.bjui.org/cases/85.7/bju637.f1.gif

Karyotype -> Ideogram

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/chromosomes/readchromosomes/images/matching.png

Chromosome morphology

http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869N/CHEM869NLinks/www.iacr.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/images/chromol.gif

o P arm = short arm o Q arm = long arm o Centromere o Stalk o Satellite

http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~frist/PLNT3140/l18/nomenclature.gif http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wKefwmQBduY/UEMls4PTSZI/AAAAAAAAA14/oyfkwBYuR9w/s400/chromosome+ultra+structure+1.jpg

ISCN 2009 (An International

System for Human Cytogenetic

Nomenclature)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Modules/Genomes/images/cytogenetic_bands.gif

q10

Structure

http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/873/flashcards/810873/png/screen_shot_2012-02-03_at_11.47.55_pm1328334503791.png

Number

http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/down's.gif