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İNGİLİZCE (SOSYAL BİLİMLER) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

------- its geographic position as a crossroadsof Europe, Belgium has been a significantcommercial center since the Middle Ages.

1.

UnlikeA)Because ofB)In spite ofC)Rather thanD)As ifE)

Most artists need a good, well-paying secondjob ------- they are selling a large number oftheir works of art.

2.

providedA)becauseB)thereforeC)unlessD)similarlyE)

Diversity of experience has created aseparate Islamic world, ------- fourgeographically and culturally distinct blocks:Middle Eastern, Indian, Malay, and African.

3.

taken offA)broken inB)turned downC)woken upD)divided intoE)

China’s estimated space budget is stillover-shadowed by NASA’s, ------- is 19,3billion dollars for this year alone.

4.

whoA)what B)whichC)whereD)whenE)

Many individuals think creative people aremore self-sufficient; -------, there is noscientific study to support this idea.

5.

for instanceA)consequentlyB)likewiseC)howeverD)in other wordsE)

------- the 1830s a major cholera epidemicsweeping through Europe from the MiddleEast killed about 31,000 ------- Britain alone.

6.

During / acrossA)Under / inB)By / forC)At / atD)In / underE)

------- advertising’s historic origins ------- itsmodern operations have been wellunderstood by many traditional businesses.

7.

Much / moreA)Neither / norB)Not / onlyC)Either / andD)As / asE)

2018 YÖKDİL YAZ DÖNEMİ - A

1

AModern underwater archaeology ------- specialmethods to ------- shipwrecks and otherarchaeological sites that lie under water.

8.

has used / studiedA)is using / having studiedB)used / being studiedC)will use / have studiedD)uses / studyE)

The principal ------- of the philosophy ofscience is to analyse the methods of enquiryused in various sciences.

9.

complaint A)society B)taskC)memoryD)rescueE)

Coffee houses ------- appeared in İstanbul withcoffee entering through the cities of Aleppoand Damascus in 1555.

10.

globallyA)originallyB)honestlyC)monthlyD)correctlyE)

There is a vital and clear distinction betweenthe concepts of 'society' and 'state' -------many political thinkers have ignored thisfact.

11.

becauseA)as soon asB)as long asC)althoughD)whenE)

Knowledge of a language ------- us to combinesounds to form words, words to formphrases, and phrases to form sentences.

12.

enablesA)prefersB)refusesC)chooses D)includesE)

Recent research suggests that air pollution------- to 1,2 million deaths and causedthousands of severe health cases only inChina in 2010.

13.

was contributedA)contributes B)has contributedC)had been contributedD)contributedE)

Local governments should provide aneffective safety net for the poor and for thosewho become sick or ------- at work.

14.

crowdedA)decisive B)injuredC)basicD)wideE)

Joyoti Roy, the consultant for the BritishNational Museum, has worked ------- a team ofexperts in order to make the museum and itscollection more accessible.

15.

unlikeA)such asB)in contrast toC)along withD)in terms ofE)


2

ABabylon ------- one of the cultural centres ofthe world before it ------- by revolt in 689 BCby the Assyrians.

16.

will be / is destroyedA)had been / was destroyedB)was / will be destroyedC)has been / has been destroyedD)is / had been destroyedE)

------- the World Bank has been funded by theUnited States, its policies have been heavilyinfluenced by Washington, the capital city ofthe USA.

17.

AsA)AlthoughB)WhereasC)By the timeD)UnlessE)

Military geography ------- military leaders withinformation about areas where they ------- tooperate.

18.

had provided / will needA)is providing / had neededB)will provide / used to needC)provides / may needD)will be providing / neededE)

Among the measurements to calculateinflation, the consumer price index is by far------- commonly used measurement in theworld.

19.

as much as A)such a lotB)so muchC)many moreD)the mostE)

------- its split from Slovakia in 1993, Czechiahas become one of Europe’s most populartravel destinations.

20.

OverA)SinceB)DuringC)BeforeD)UntilE)


3

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

A common nationality ---21--- to create trustingfeelings by forming a common identity that drawson a shared culture, history, and language.These commonalities supposedly create a/an---22--- between people that reaches beyondtheir many differences of opinion and interestsand enables them to cooperate with each other.First, people find it easier to engage with and---23--- people whom they regard as similar incertain pertinent ways. Second, cooperativeactivities, ---24--- democracy and welfare, involvemore than the humanitarian obligations we oweto people in general. Not only are suchobligations difficult to create and sustain ---25---all human beings, but also people of differingcultures will want to shape them in differentways.

21.

saysA)has saidB)is saidC)had saidD)saidE)

22.

bondA)ownerB)lectureC)queueD)rowE)

23.

explainA)declineB)expectC)compareD)trustE)

24.

such asA)so thatB)unlikeC)due toD)as ifE)

25.

offA)belowB)underC)amongD)intoE)


4

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Historians of Africa ---26--- significant problemsfor a long time now. It is important to stress thatmany such problems are shared with historians---27--- work in other parts of the world. The lives---28--- ordinary working people, women orchildren, for example, can be difficult and oftenimpossible to capture and interpret. However,Africa has its own challenges. ---29--- addressingthese challenges, historians have developed arange of methods which have not only increasedthe sophistication of African historical studies,but have also added to the research techniquesand the analytical style of the ---30--- of history.

26.

were facedA)have facedB)were facingC)had facedD)will faceE)

27.

whatA)in whichB)whoC)whichD)whoseE)

28.

onA)ofB)toC)fromD)atE)

29.

ThoughA)IfB)UntilC)UnlessD)WhileE)

30.

increaseA)reportB)breakC)fieldD)changeE)


5

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Despite having vast fertile lands, -------. 31.

Cuba imports 80 percent of its food at a costof $2 billion per year

A)

farmers all agree that their country has greateconomic potential

B)

much of the island’s landscape is worthvisiting

C)

China has put a ban on using child labour infactories

D)

it is known that almost 70 percent of thelands of Brazil are fertile

E)

In societies where most people can earn aliving only by working for others, -------.

32.

air pollution is also recognized as anenvironmental problem in Europe

A)

being unable to find a job is a seriousproblem

B)

of the 6,000 people hoping to get jobs, 135were hired

C)

statistics for local areas are based partly onthe same survey

D)

export is becoming the major nationalincome resource

E)

Although cultural diversity is supposedlyvalued in many societies, -------.

33.

it has been getting more and more popularsince then

A)

the country’s political offices are runefficiently enough

B)

many people still do not approve ofinterracial marriages

C)

equal opportunities for all people are reallyvalued

D)

there are much better job opportunities thanbefore

E)

-------; for example, a person must have it topractise medicine and law.

34.

Modern civil law systems were originallydeveloped in Western European countries

A)

Licenses may not be assigned to orinherited by a third party in the law

B)

The term 'license' is always applied inproperty law, international law and tax law

C)

Consumption taxes raise the prices ofcertain products for consumers

D)

A license issued by a government agency isrequired for certain professions

E)

The price for an American car is affected notonly by American companies, -------.

35.

thanks to foreign policies that have animpact on agriculture

A)

due to the low price we pay for other localproducts

B)

but also by Japanese and European automanufacturers

C)

in order to reduce competition for carmanufacturing companies

D)

so Asian companies are in competition withforeign companies

E)

Although the major part of Aristotle’s worksis lost, -------.

36.

their notes are mostly for the use of publicofficials

A)

they are composed of essays andmanuscripts

B)

most of his writings were never intended tobe read

C)

we may still form some idea of hisphilosophical views

D)

he was not as popular as most of hiscontemporaries

E)


6

AWhile humans have described the nature ofsocial relations for centuries, -------.

37.

a new network of social relations is part andparcel of industrialization

A)

it was only in the 19th century that thisbecame a scientific field of study

B)

the social relations involved exploitation,alienation, and domination

C)

different definitions of civil society reflectdifferent theoretical orientations

D)

sociology is mainly concerned with socialrelations

E)

Before paper and coins were introduced aspermanent forms of money, -------.

38.

paper was later invented in China, whichtransformed the whole world irreversibly

A)

money is widely accepted in payment forgoods and services and in settlement ofdebts

B)

coins have been around for more than fivethousand years as a medium of exchange

C)

people used a variety of things like rice toserve as money for trading goods

D)

the value of the material used is usuallymuch less than its value as money itself

E)

-------, but the country has experiencedconsiderable growth in industry since the1950s.

39.

Large cities first appeared in Anatolia duringthe reign of the Hittites

A)

Today, 75 percent of Turkey’s populationlives in cities and towns

B)

Manufactured goods, especially textiles,now dominate the export sector

C)

Turkey has served as a bridge between Asiaand Europe throughout history

D)

For centuries Turkey’s economy waspredominantly agricultural

E)

When the novel The Grapes of Wrath waspublished on March 14, 1939, -------.

40.

it created an unexpected sensation acrossthe world

A)

it can be read as a social comment on theeconomic disasters of the time

B)

the other masterpiece 'Of Mice and Men' isset in California

C)

these chapters depict the atmosphereduring the Great Depression

D)

John Steinbeck was born in 1902, inSalinas, California

E)

Life is boring without fresh experience, -------.41.

but they also need new experiences toenrich it

A)

so without such shocks to the system, theywould become boring

B)

because new experience brings newinformation and forces us to learn

C)

that’s why most people avoid trying newthings

D)

even though what we call 'life' moves asslowly as a snail

E)


7

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

If the experiments do not support thescientific explanation, then alternativeexplanations must be proposed and tested.

42.

Bilimsel veriler ileri sürülen açıklamayıdesteklemezse, bu açıklama bilimsel olarakgeçersiz sayılabilir.

A)

Deneyler önerilen açıklamayla uyuşmazsa,o zaman söz konusu açıklama tekrargözden geçirilebilir.

B)

İleri sürülen açıklamalar farklı deneylerledesteklenmediği zaman, alternatif bilimselçalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

C)

Bilimsel deneyler açıklamayıdesteklemezse, alternatif deneyler yapılmalıve açıklama gözden geçirilmelidir.

D)

Deneyler bilimsel açıklamayıdesteklemezse, o zaman alternatifaçıklamalar önerilmeli ve test edilmelidir.

E)

Knowing a language means being able toproduce sentences never spoken before andto understand sentences never heard before.

43.

Bir dili bilmek, daha önce hiç söylenmemişcümleleri kurabilmek ve daha önce hiçduyulmamış cümleleri anlayabilmekanlamına gelir.

A)

İnsan bir dili tam anlamıyla biliyorsa, buonun o dilde cümle kurabildiği ve daha öncehiç duymadığı cümleleri anladığı anlamınagelir.

B)

Hiç duymadığınız cümleleri üretiyor ve yeniduyduğunuz cümleleri anlıyorsanız, bu sizino dili oldukça iyi bildiğinizi gösterir.

C)

Bir dili bilmek için, daha önce söylenmemişcümleleri hatasız bir şekilde kurmak ve yeniduyduğu cümleleri iyi anlamak gerekir.

D)

İnsanın bir dili bilip bilmediğini anlamak için,daha önce söylenmemiş cümleleri kurma veilk kez duyduğu cümleleri anlama becerisinebakılmalıdır.

E)

By 2050, Nigeria is expected to become thethird most populous country in the world,overtaking the United States of America.

44.

2050 yılına kadar Nijerya’nın, AmerikaBirleşik Devletleri’ni geçip, dünyadakiüçüncü en yoğun nüfuslu ülke olmasıbekleniyor.

A)

2050 yılından önce Nijerya’nın, AmerikaBirleşik Devletleri’ni geçerek, en yoğunnüfuslu ülkelerinden biri olması bekleniyor.

B)

2050 yılında, Amerika Birleşik DevletleriNijerya’yı geçip, dünyadaki en yoğunnüfuslu üç ülkeden biri olacak.

C)

2050 yılına kadar Nijerya, nüfus yoğunluğubakımından çoktan Amerika BirleşikDevletleri’ni geçip, üçüncü sırayayerleşebilir.

D)

2050 yılında, Nijerya’nın Amerika BirleşikDevletleri’nden sonra dünyadaki üçüncüyoğun nüfuslu ülke olacağı tahmin ediliyor.

E)

The type of music we prefer to listen to canhave a significant effect on our emotions andbehaviour.

45.

Dinlemekten hoşlandığımız müzik türününduygularımızı ve davranışlarımızışekillendirdiği düşünülüyor.

A)

Hangi tür müzik türünü dinlemeyi tercihedersek edelim, duygu ve davranışlarımızbundan belli bir ölçüde etkilenir.

B)

Duygularımız ve davranışımız dinlemeyitercih ettiğimiz müzik türlerinden tahminettiğimizden fazla etkileniyor olabilir.

C)

Duygularımız ve çoğu davranışımız,dinlemeyi tercih ettiğimiz müzik türündenönemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir.

D)

Dinlemeyi tercih ettiğimiz müzik türü,duygularımız ve davranışımız üzerindeönemli bir etkiye sahip olabilir.

E)


8

ADogs are highly social animals and certainlysense the situations in which we areunhappy or in pain.

46.

Köpekler oldukça sosyal hayvanlardır vekendilerini mutsuz eden veya acı çektireninsanları kesinlikle hissederler.

A)

Köpekler oldukça sosyal hayvanlardır vemutsuz veya acı içinde olduğumuz durumlarıkesinlikle hissederler.

B)

Son derece sosyal hayvanlar olan köpeklermutsuz olduğumuz ve acı çektiğimiz çoğudurumu hissedebilirler.

C)

Köpekler sosyal hayvanlardır ve acıçektiklerinde ya da mutsuz olduklarında,bizim ne hissettiğimizi daha iyi anlayabilirler.

D)

Çok mutsuz olduğumuz veya çok acıçektiğimiz durumların çoğunu hissedebilenköpekler sosyal hayvanlardır.

E)

The sign languages are the best evidence tosupport the notion that all languages areshaped by the same universal values.

47.

Her dilin evrensel değerler tarafındanşekillendirildiği tezinin en büyükkanıtlarından biri işaret dili olabilir.

A)

Tüm dillerin benzer evrensel değerlerdenetkilendiğini gösteren unsurlar arasındaişaret dili de bulunur.

B)

İşaret dilleri, tüm dillerin aynı evrenseldeğerler tarafından şekillendirildiğidüşüncesini destekleyen en iyi kanıttır.

C)

Bazı dilbilimcilerine göre, dünya dillerievrensel değerlerle şekillenir; bunun önemlikanıtı da işaret dilidir.

D)

İşaret dili, tüm dillerin benzer değerleresahip olduğu düşüncesini destekleyen enönemli verilerden biridir.

E)

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Pers kralları tarafından gerçekleştirilen enönemli mimari projeler özenle planlanan veinşa edilen saraylardı.

48.

The Persian kings considered palaces themost important architectural projects andthey carefully planned and constructed themthemselves.

A)

The Persian king attached great importanceto the planning and construction of palacesas architectural projects.

B)

The most important architectural projectsrealised by the Persian kings were palaceswhich were carefully planned andconstructed.

C)

Since they were considered to be the mostimportant architectural projects, Persiankings carefully planned their palaces.

D)

As one of the most important architecturalprojects realised by the Persian kings, allpalaces were carefully planned andconstructed.

E)

Ekonomi, işsizlik, enflasyon, kalkınma veuluslararası para krizleri gibi gelenekselmeselelerle ilgilenir.

49.

Economics deals with traditional issues suchas unemployment, inflation, developmentand international monetary crises.

A)

Economics is not only related to traditionalissues but also employment, inflation,development, and international monetarycrises.

B)

Common problems including unemployment,inflation, development, and internationalmonetary crises are the subjects ofEconomics.

C)

Economic studies include certain traditionalproblems like unemployment, inflation andinternational monetary crises.

D)

Traditional problems as well asunemployment, development andinternational monetary crises are issuesrelated to economics.

E)


9

AGöç birçok ülkenin değişen nüfuslarındaönemli bir rol oynayan demografik birsüreçtir.

50.

Migration is a demographic process thatplays an important role in the changingpopulations of many countries.

A)

Migration, which is a demographic process,plays an important role by changing thepopulation of every country.

B)

Changes in the populations of certaincountries are caused by migration, which isa common demographic process.

C)

The most important role of migration as ademographic process is that it changesalmost all countries’ populations.

D)

Migration is one of the most importantdemographic processes as it changes manycountries’ populations.

E)

İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Türkiye’nin en büyükdenizcilik müzesidir ve zengin koleksiyonlarıbakımından dünyanın en önemlilerindenbiridir.

51.

The rich collections of the Istanbul NavalMuseum have made it Turkey’s largestmuseum and one of the most importantmuseums in the world.

A)

The Istanbul Naval Museum is one of themost important museums in the world due toits size and its rich maritime collections.

B)

The Istanbul Naval Museum in Turkey hasbecome the largest maritime museum in theworld owing to its rich collections and uniquelocation.

C)

The Istanbul Naval Museum is Turkey’slargest maritime museum and is one of themost important in the world in terms of itsrich collections.

D)

The Istanbul Naval Museum is one of themost significant maritime museums in theworld and the most important one in Turkeydue to its rich collections.

E)

On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonunda inşa edilenPera Palas, Agatha Christie gibi birçok ünlükonuğa ev sahipliği yapmıştır.

52.

Many famous guests like Agatha Christiewanted to stay at Pera Palace, which wasbuilt at the end of the nineteenth century.

A)

Pera Palace, which was built at the end ofthe nineteenth century, has hosted a famouswriter called Agatha Christie.

B)

Pera Palace, which was built at the end ofthe nineteenth century, has hosted manyfamous guests like Agatha Christie.

C)

Pera Palace, which was built in thenineteenth century, has hosted manyfamous writers such as Agatha Christie.

D)

Built before the end of the nineteenthcentury, Pera Palace was visited by manyguests like Agatha Christie.

E)

Haritalar, çeşitli kültürlerin çevrelerindekidünyayı nasıl betimlediklerinin mükemmelörnekleridir.

53.

Various cultures use excellent maps in orderto describe the world around them.

A)

Maps are examples of cultures, illustratinghow they describe the world around them.

B)

Various cultures have been using maps toshow the ways they describe their ownworld.

C)

Maps are examples of how various ancientcultures imagined the world around them.

D)

Maps are excellent examples of how variouscultures describe the world around them.

E)


10

A

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

The purpose of a research paper is tosynthesize previous research andscholarship with your ideas on the subject.Therefore, you should feel free to use otherpeople’s words, facts, and thoughts in yourresearch paper, but the material you borrowmust not be presented as if it were your owncreation. Otherwise, you end up committingplagiarism, presenting somebody else’sideas as your own. -------. These notes shouldalways distinguish among three types ofmaterial: your ideas, your summaries, andyour paraphrases of others’ ideas and facts.

54.

To avoid this during research and writing,keep careful notes about your sources

A)

Presenting an author’s exact wordingwithout marking it as a quotation is knownas plagiarism

B)

When you copy and paste passages, makesure that you add quotation marks

C)

Unfortunately, some students continue totake this approach in high school

D)

For this reason, the best way of supportingyour argument is to use quotations

E)

In April 1601 the English East India Companysent its first expedition to the East. -------. Thesuccess of this journey led to a secondexpedition by the same ships, which leftLondon in March 1604. On the return, Hectorand Susan set off first, but Susan was lost atsea and Hector was rescued by Ascensionand Dragon, which found her in South Africawith most of her crew dead. Ascension,Dragon, and Hector made it back to Englandin May 1606 with a cargo of pepper, cloves,and nutmegs. The shareholders in these twovoyages made a profit of 95% on theirinvestment.

55.

Despite the success of the third expeditionin 1607, the fourth one was a completedisaster

A)

A train run by steam power changed thehistory of transportation forever

B)

Rich London businessmen provided a lot ofmoney for these farmers

C)

Its four ships returned from Sumatra andJava with a cargo composed mainly ofpepper

D)

The cost of building such a ship andmaintaining it is quite high these days

E)

The term 'allegory' derives from Greekallegoria, which can be defined as 'speakingotherwise'. As a rule, an allegory is a story inverse or prose with a double meaning: aprimary and a secondary meaning. -------. Theorigins of allegory are ancient, and itappears to be a mode of expression sonatural to the human mind that it is universal.For example, many myths are allegoricalstories that explain universal facts andforces.

56.

However, we can take the old Arab fable ofthe frog and the scorpion

A)

The best known allegory in the Englishlanguage is Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress

B)

In other words, an allegory is a story thatcan be read and interpreted at two levels

C)

It is difficult to classify such styles correctlyas there are too many subcategories

D)

The whole work is a simplifiedrepresentation of the average man’s journey

E)


11

ATalking in our heads is referred to bypsychologists as inner 'speech'. -------.However, there are notable differences too,with brain areas useful in inhibiting overtspeech playing a greater role in innerspeech. The exact brain mechanismsinvolved may come down to why we aretalking in our heads in the first place. Forexample, when we read a book, brain regionsinvolved in attention may be more active thanwhen we are mentally preparing for a race.

57.

The Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas areactive in overt speech

A)

It involves some similar processes to overtspeech as it activates the brain regionsinvolved in language

B)

For psychologists the resemblance betweenthese two always requires the same brainmechanisms

C)

Talking in our heads may even beaccompanied by small muscle movements

D)

Inner speech is thought to be healthy as theindividual may get rid of the stress of theday in this way

E)

The Asian Development Bank (ADB), anongovernmental organization based inManila, in the Philippines, was founded toprovide aid, funding, and various forms offinancial and technical support to countriesin Asia and the Pacific. The organization alsoattempts to assist in the improvement ofconditions that affect women and children.The ADB started operations in 1966 andinitially represented a group of 31 states. Asof 2006, it had grown to have 66 members.-------.

58.

This help can take several forms and affectregional, subregional, and local projects

A)

This is a major mistake despite the depthsof poverty encountered in the country

B)

These financial programs can involve bothpublic and private investments

C)

This included 47 states from inside the zoneand 19 from elsewhere

D)

Most of these people in the region live onless than $2,00 per day

E)

-------. Unfortunately, it was not performedelsewhere during Mozart’s lifetime. That isprobably why devotees today of Mozart’sIdomeneo assume that it was totally forgottenbetween 1791, when Mozart died, and 1951,when Fritz Busch and Carl Ebert brought it toGlyndebourne. However, a glance at AlfredLoewenberg’s Annuals of Opera will showyou how many times it was producedbetween those years. Gramophone recordsalso testify that Idomeneo was known aboutand sung during the first half of the twentiethcentury.

59.

Most remarkable of all, Mozart wrote gracesinto the vocal parts in his thirties

A)

For practical reasons he made other cutsshortly before the first performance

B)

Mozart did conduct a concert performance inVienna in March 1786

C)

Mozart faced difficulties with all threesingers, during rehearsals

D)

Mozart’s Idomeneo was first performed inMunich in 1781

E)


12

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Your goal in summarizing a text is to statethe work’s main ideas and key points simply,briefly, and accurately in your own words. (II)To summarize a written text, first find theauthor’s central idea – the thesis. (III) Ascientific paper should include anintroduction and body paragraphs. (IV) Then,divide this whole idea into a few major andperhaps minor ones. (V) Since a summarymust be fairly short, you must decide whichof these ideas are important and should beincluded.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) For many years, archaeologists have beendeterminedly working to solve one of theworld’s largest jigsaw puzzles: the FormaUrbis Romae. (II) It was an enormous marblemap of ancient Rome created between theyears AD 203 and 211. (III) From the fifthcentury, as the map fell into disuse, it wasbroken up into thousands of pieces, whichwere subsequently scattered throughout thecity. (IV) The spectacular ruins that remaintoday are interesting examples of traditionalItalian architecture. (V) Scholars have beensearching for the map’s fragments inlocations around Rome and attempting todetermine their original positions for thepast 500 years.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The category of photographic 'art' isloaded with problems because there are atleast two, and possibly three, traditions outof which this artistic endeavor has been puttogether. (II) In the last 25 years artists havebecome increasingly aware of the historiesof fine arts. (III) Firstly, there is 'artphotography', stemming from the 1860s,which involves photographers makingpictures that claim the status of art. (IV)Secondly, there is abstract photography, inwhich it is hard to unfold the story behind atthe first glance. (V) Thirdly, 'streetphotography' or 'auteur documentary' isoften grouped within art-photography.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

A(I) Aesthetics, the philosophy of beauty,comes from the Greek word aisthetikos,which means 'perceptive', especially withregards to feeling. (II) For example, there arestill differences in its implications, one of themost significant being the status given to thebody. (III) In philosophy, the word was firstused in 1750 by A. G. Baumgarten to mean'the science of sensuous knowledge', whoseobject is beauty. (IV) Kant rejected this use ofthe word 'aesthetics', and redefined it as the'a priori principles of sensible experience'.(V) Hegel, in turn, redefined it as thephilosophy of the fine arts and this definitionis the one presently used.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) All developed nations maintain a variety ofsocial welfare programs. (II) Governmentsestablish them to provide a so-called safetynet to prevent people from suffering theeffects of poverty. (III) However, many peoplebelieve that welfare encourages its recipientsto become dependent on government supportand remain unemployed. (IV) As a result,welfare programs have always caused heatedpublic debate. (V) Likewise, there are alsonon-profit organizations to help people whocannot support themselves fully or earn aliving.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) The First Gulf War was fought by acoalition of forces from 34 countries againstIraq in 1991. (II) The war began because ofseveral crises stemming from the Iran-IraqWar of 1980–88. (III) After the Iran-Iraq Warended, Iraq was left with huge debts, largelyto other Arab nations that had helped tofinance the war. (IV) The Kuwaiti governmentmade the disastrous decision to increase itsoil production. (V) However, the Iraqi militaryhad benefited from the war by becoming thestrongest military force in the Gulf region.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

Advertising is the use of mass media to promotea specific product, service, or idea on behalf of abusiness or organization. Advertisers ordinarilyuse media such as television, radio, printsponsorship of cultural and sporting events, andthe Internet. From the Industrial Revolution to themid-twentieth century, advertising in Europe wasgenerally straightforward and usually includedonly an image and description of the product’sfunction, price, and the location from which itcould be purchased. Ads were primarily directedtoward women because they were responsiblefor the majority of consumer purchases, theexception being 'big ticket' products like cars andmajor appliances. Since World War II, however,industries have increasingly tried to attract theadult male consumer, and with the advent ofyouth culture, children, teenagers, and youngadults have been targeted as well. A commonstrategy for advertisers is to create the idea thatthe given products will correct a specific problemor insecurity although most of them will not doso.

It is stated in the text that advertising inEurope -------.

66.

did not include too many details about theproduct until the mid-twentieth century

A)

used to be more interested in persuadingthe adult male consumer to buy

B)

uses the Internet as a tool more often thanother forms of mass media

C)

mainly aims at promoting the sales ofmodern cars and major appliances

D)

is directed only towards women rather thanmen or young adults now

E)

It can be inferred from the text that -------.67.

the Industrial Revolution had a major effecton advertising methods

A)

new advertising methods have become asubject of controversy for many people

B)

advertisements try to persuade people tobuy many products that they do not reallyneed

C)

women used to spend more on big ticketproducts than men

D)

teenagers do not have as much influence onadvertisement sector as adults do

E)

It can be understood from the text that -------.68.

advertisers usually use the same mediarather than a variety of media forms

A)

the target group of advertisements haschanged over time

B)

the Internet is the most effective medium ofadvertising of all time

C)

purchasers buy products though they knowthe products make them insecure

D)

since World War II, women have been theonly target audience of advertisers

E)


15

A


The famous French philosopher andmathematician René Descartes focused onrational thought. For Descartes, humans wereable to know through reason, in contrast toanimals that have no language, reason or soul.In his writings, humans and animals are seen asliving machines, but humans are above animalsbecause of their powers of (self-) consciousness.According to Descartes, the essence of being ahuman subject is this capacity for thinking.Descartes attached importance to rationalthinking over bodily sensation in ourunderstanding of the material world, and he wassure that his findings could be used for theprogress of humankind. However, Descartes hasbeen harshly criticised in recent times. Today,many scholars do not agree with the idea of acoherent, individual self, able to control thematerial world. They claim that a person does notreally act on the world or shape societyconsciously. In contrast, they say that social'texts' such as politics, law, religion andeducation shape individuals.

We understand from the text that -------. 69.

Descartes’s ideas have not always beenpractical in politics

A)

Descartes believed that humans andanimals were equal in all aspects

B)

Descartes’s ideas are followed by mostscientists today

C)

for Descartes, bodily sensation is moreimportant than the capacity for thinking

D)

modern scholars and Descartes haveopposing beliefs about our capacity tochange the material world

E)

What is the passage mainly about? 70.

a well-known philosopher’s ideas abouthuman reasoning

A)

the similarities between modern and ancientphilosophers

B)

the reasons why humans are superior toanimals

C)

a comparison between rational thinking andsensation

D)

different definitions and applications ofvarious fields

E)

According to the text, modern scholarssuggest that -------.

71.

Descartes was right in his claims abouthuman rationality

A)

humans can control the material worldthrough rational thinking

B)

individuals mostly act consciously andcoherently

C)

people cannot consciously shape social lifebut are rather shaped by it

D)

Descartes’s ideas can help us understandthe human mind

E)


16

A


The term 'postmodernism' is often applied to theliterature and art produced in the aftermath ofWorld War II. It was a time when the effectsWorld War I were greatly worsened by theexperience of Nazi totalitarianism, the threat oftotal destruction by the atomic bomb, theprogressive devastation of nature, and theobvious threat of over-population.Postmodernism involves not only a continuationof the counter-traditional experiments ofmodernism, but also diverse attempts to breakaway from modernist forms. Many works ofpostmodern literature –by Jorge Luis Borges,Samuel Beckett, Vladimir Nabokov, and manyothers– include such various genres and stylesthat they cannot be classified easily according totraditional literary norms. This is also true forother art forms such as pop art, and certain typesof music.

According to the text, postmodernism -------. 72.

started as a reaction against Nazitotalitarianism

A)

is likely to lose popularity due to its complexstyle

B)

was born out of the pain and sufferingcaused by World War II

C)

is a term that is only applied to literatureD)was mainly interested in visual arts ratherthan literature

E)

According to the text, postmodernism can beconsidered to be -------.

73.

both a continuation of and a break frommodernism and its forms

A)

a harsh criticism towards both pop art andmusical composition

B)

a blind continuation of modernism and itsliterary forms

C)

a form of experimentation observed incontemporary cinema

D)

an attack against literature and art as wellas modernism itself

E)

According to the text, many postmodernworks of literature are -------.

74.

classified as 'pop culture' by ordinary peopleA)said to defy the conventional models of'mass culture'

B)

not easily classified as postmodern literatureand art

C)

against being defined only as postmodernistart

D)

hard to classify according to conventionalliterary norms

E)


17

A


Most businesses seek to make a profit—that is,they aim to get income that is more than thecosts of operating the business. However, somebusinesses only seek to earn enough to covertheir operating costs. Commonly callednon-profits, these organizations are primarilynongovernmental service providers. Examples ofnon-profit businesses include organizations suchas social service agencies, foundations andmany hospitals. However, many people arguethat businesses seeking profit also play a vitalrole in the life and culture of countries withfree-market economies. In free-market systems,expenses and prices are primarily shaped bycompetition among businesses, not bygovernments. Businesses provide almostanything consumers want or need, includingbasic necessities such as food and housing,luxuries such as wide-screen televisions, andeven personal services such as caring forchildren and finding companionship. As a result,both for-profit businesses and non-profits are ofgreat importance within the society they exist in.

It is clear from the text that in free-marketeconomies, -------.

75.

non-profit businesses are more importantthan for-profit ones

A)

social service agencies do not cooperatewith for-profit businesses

B)

the cultural life of the population isnegatively affected by business

C)

the operating costs of businesses are paidby local government

D)

the majority of public needs are provided bybusinesses

E)

According to the text, -------.76.

the primary goal of for-profit businesses is toearn more money than they spend

A)

the number of non-profit businesses ishigher than that of for-profit businesses

B)

non-profit organizations are often run bygovernments

C)

businesses should not play a significant rolein defining prices in free-market economies

D)

non-profit businesses do not make anymoney even for their operating costs

E)

The text is mainly about -------. 77.

advantages of non-profit businesses overfor-profit ones

A)

how businesses have changed over timeB)the different roles of for-profit and non-profitbusinesses

C)

different products that businesses offer forcustomers

D)

examples of for-profit businesses and theirproducts

E)


18

A


Throughout much of human history, merchantswho moved goods across long distancesminimized their risks of loss to plunderers byacting together, travelling in caravans andcarrying arms for protection. These caravannerswho passed from the region of one politicalauthority to another depended on localauthorities to secure their protection, and inreturn they paid transit fees, generally in the formof gifts. While passing through stateless areas,armed caravans seemed to be as impressive asa small army. The cost of transporting goods byland was generally higher than by sea or river,and thus the number of caravans was high onlyin regions where these alternatives did not exist.Across dry deserts such as the Gobi, the camelwas the only pack animal that could survive therigors of the crossing. In the intense cold of theHimalayan Mountains, the yak was the perfectpack animal for carrying goods. In addition totheir economic benefits, the caravan routesplayed an important role in world history,connecting people from different races andcultures.

It is clear from the text that caravanners-------.

78.

were quite individualistic and often lookedfor self-interest

A)

were armed and worked cooperatively toprotect their goods from plunderers

B)

travelled in small numbers in order tominimize the risk of quarrels in the group

C)

carried arms to steal from the inhabitants ofthe towns they were travelling through

D)

had to fight some of the local authorities inorder to carry on their journey

E)

The animals that were used to carrycaravanners’ goods -------.

79.

were generally borrowed or hired from thelocal political authorities

A)

could not endure the hardships of the longjourneys through deserts and mountains

B)

were not easy to find, particularly when theroute was through a desert

C)

were selected according to the geographicalfeatures of the route

D)

were relatively faster compared to otherforms of transportation

E)

We can understand from the text that -------.80.

the busiest and most profitable caravanroutes were found in the Middle East

A)

caravan routes were beneficial tocommunities both economically andculturally

B)

caravans were economically moreadvantageous than other forms of transport

C)

caravanners had to pay ransom to each andevery country they were travelling through

D)

rivalries between different caravannerscaused long and painful disputes

E)


19

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20B D E C D A B E C B D A E C D B A D E B

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40C A E A D B C B E D A B C E C D B D E A

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60C E A A E B C C A A D C E A D C B D E C

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80D B B E D A C B E A D C A E E A C B D B


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