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In Jumanda K [email protected] 0818 0205 4292

4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

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Page 1: 4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

In Jumanda [email protected]

0818 0205 4292

Page 2: 4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

�Hazard Identification merupakan suatu study

yang bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi

potential hazards dengan sumber dari external

facilities yang mempengaruhi fasilitas atau

hazard dengan sumber dari fasilitas gas yang

berpengaruh ke environmental, community atau berpengaruh ke environmental, community atau

surrounding area.

� Review difokuskan pada PFD, P&ID dan Plot Plan

dari fasilitas.

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Page 3: 4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

� Suatu Hazard yang sama dapat menyebabkan

akibat yang berbeda pada dua orang yang berbeda

� Suatu Hazard memiliki potensi yang berbeda

dengan Hazard lainnya

Tidak semua Hazard akan terjadi pada waktu yang � Tidak semua Hazard akan terjadi pada waktu yang

sama dan dengan durasi yang sama

� Setiap pihak mempunyai persepsi berbeda dari

suatu Hazard dan akibat yang diakibatkan oleh

Hazard tersebut

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� Studi HAZID dilaksanakan oleh sebuah tim yang

terdiri dari engineer yang kompeten dari

campuran beberapa disiplin, dan dipimpin oleh

personil yang berpengalaman dalam teknik

HAZID.

Setiap area dalam instalasi perlu � Setiap area dalam instalasi perlu

dipertimbangkan untuk dilakukan checklist of

hazards.

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 4

Page 5: 4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

� Supervisors

�Manager

� Staf ahli

� Konsultan keselamatan kerja� Konsultan keselamatan kerja

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� Sejumlah metode untuk melaksanakan identifikasi hazard

telah dikembangkan.

� Overview terhadap hazard identification telah diberikan

dalam:

� Chemical Industries Association (CIA) Guide to Hazard and

Operability Studies (CIHSC, 1977/3) (the CIA Hazop Study Operability Studies (CIHSC, 1977/3) (the CIA Hazop Study

Guide)

� Guidelines for Hazard Evaluatuion Procedures (CCPS, 1985/1,

1992/9) (the CCPS Hazard Evaluation Guidelines)

� A Manual of Hazard and Operability Studies (Knowlton, 1992)

(the Chemetics Hazard Study Manual).

� Hazard Identification sering disebut juga dengan Process

Hazard Analysis (PHA)

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�What if? Analysis

� Event tree and fault tree analysis

� Preliminary hazard analysis

�Coarse hazard studies�Coarse hazard studies

�Hazard and operability studies

� Failure modes, effects and criticality analysis

� Sneak analysis

�Human Error Analysis

� dll

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� Process Hazard Analysis merupakan upaya

untuk menghindari kecelakaan sebelumnya

melalui pengidentifikasian, evaluasi dan

pengendalian situasi berbahaya.

Usaha ini digunakan untuk mengatasi �Usaha ini digunakan untuk mengatasi

kelemahan dalam perancangan dan

pengoperasian fasilitas.

�Memberikan Informasi untuk Meningkatkan

Keselamatan dan memanaj resiko

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9

• Fasilitas Baru (meninjau Blue Print sebelum Construction)

• Perubahan perkembangan Teknologi, Fasilitas, Equipment, atau Orang

• Fasilitas yang ada belum diperiksa untuk mencari bahaya tdk terduga dan / atau peristiwa yg tdk tdk terdug yang dapat mengakibatkan kecelakaan sebelum hal itu diperiksa

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

mengakibatkan kecelakaan sebelum hal itu diperiksa

• Regulasi atau badan-badan Pemerintahan

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Project Phase Safety Activities

Design

Construction and Instalation

• PHA / Hazid

• Contractor Assessment• Safety Audit & Inspection• Punch List Review

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Commissioning & Start Up

Operation

• Pre-Start Up Review• Training• Handover Procedure

• Management of Change• Incident Investigation• Safety Audit and Inspection

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External and Environmental HazardsHazard Type Guideword ExpandersNatural Hazards Extreme Weather Temperature extremes; wave; wind; dust;

flooding; sandstorm; ice; blizzards

LightningSeismic Activity

Erosion Ground slide; coastalSubsidence Ground structure; foundation; reservoir

depletionEnvironmental Impact Discharges to Air Flaring; venting; fugitive emissions;

energy efficiencyenergy efficiencyDischarges to Water Drainage; water quality; waste disposal

optionsDischarges to Soil Drainage; chemical spillage; waste

disposal optionsLocation and Layout Previous land use; vulnerable fauna and

flora; visual impact; local population; area minimization

External & 3rd Party Hazards Sabotage Internal & external security threats

Terrorist Activity Riots; civil disturbance; strikes; military action; political unrest

Third Party Activities Farming; fishing; local industryHelicopter/Aircraft Crash

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Facility HazardsFacility HazardsHazard Type Guideword ExpandersProcess Hazards Process Releases

- UnignitedGas clouds; gas detection;

emergency response

Process releases- Ignited

Fire; explosion; heat; smoke; fire detection; emergency response

Process releases- toxic

H2S detection; emergency response

Flaring Heat; ignition source; location

Venting Discharge to atmosphere; Venting Discharge to atmosphere; location; dispersion

Draining

Sampling Operator error

Accommodation and Non-Process Area

Hazards

Non Process Fires Control room; accommodation building

Smoke/Gas Ingress Ingress to safe areas; HVAC shutdown

Stacking and Storage

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Health Hazards

Hazard Type Guideword ExpandersHealth Hazards Disease Hazards Endemic diseases; infection;

contaminated water; social e.g. HIVHIV

Working Environment Physical Drinking water; lighting; noiseTemperature Extreme hot/cold; ventilation,

guarding

Atmospheres Exhaust fumes; confined spaces

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Fisik ( Panas, Kebisingan, Cahaya, getaran, Tekanan )

Kimia ( Asam, Logam, Uap, Gas)

Pengelompokan BahayaBiologis ( Diakibatkan binatang,

Manusia, Tumbuhan )

Mekanis (Mesin, Tekanan Hidroulik, Pengangkatan )

Psikososial ( Violence dan stres)

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

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Tempat kerja

Keadaan tempat kerja

Bangunan

Desain tempat kerja

Pencahayaan

Tempat latihan Proses yang menentukan

Sumber bahaya

Tempat latihan kerja

Proses yang menentukan bahaya psikologis

Pabrik

Transport

Perbaikan

Perawatan

Lingkungan tempat kerja

Kebakaran

Ledakan

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� Identifikasi bahaya

Proses ini menelusuri semua kegiatan situasi

produk dan pelayanan yang bisa berakibat pada

kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kenyamanan pekerja

dan tempat kerja. Proses ini seharusnya dan tempat kerja. Proses ini seharusnya

melibatkan

semua pekerja yang bertujuan untuk

mendapatkan

informasi dari pekerja dan dapat digunakan

sebagai

informasi atau data awal

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 16

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Asasing

�Dalam proses ini kita harus memperkirakan

bagian mana yang harus diprioritaskan

untuk dilakukan analisis bahayanyauntuk dilakukan analisis bahayanya

�Dalam langkah ini kita harus bisa

memperkirakan

Dimana saja sumber bahaya, Akibat apa yang

akan

terjadi jika terjadi kecelakaan

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Documenting

� Proses ini adalah proses mendokumentasikan

sumber bahaya dan perkiraan bahaya yang sumber bahaya dan perkiraan bahaya yang

ditimbulkannya yang gunanya untuk

mengetahui secara sistematis bagian yang

mungkin terjadi bahaya.

� Setelah proses dokumenting ini selesai, kita

bisa memformulasikan tindakan apa yang

akan dilakukan untuk mengurangi resiko

terjadinya kecelakaan.IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 18

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�Controling

� Secara umum ada empat cara untuk

menghadapi suatu bahaya ( Hierachy of

control )Eliminasi� Eliminasi

� Substitusi

� Isolasi

� Engineering

� Administrasi

� PPE

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 19

Page 20: 4. Process Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry

Ongoing monitoring

�Ongoing monitoring adalah suatu tindakan

untuk memastikan bahwa berjalannya suatu

kontrol bahaya telah secara efektif

dijalankan sehingga tidak menghasilkan dijalankan sehingga tidak menghasilkan

suatu sumber bahaya baru.

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� The latest revision of applicable sections of

the codes, standards, and specifications

listed below (including addendum and

documents incorporated by reference) shall

be considered an integral part of this be considered an integral part of this

specification.

� The design shall also comply with relevant

Indonesian laws, statutory and local authority

regulations.

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Reference No. TitleNFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire ExtinguishersNFPA 11 Standard for Low, Medium, and High Expansion

FoamNFPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide ExtinguishingNFPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing

SystemNFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler SystemsNFPA 15 Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and

Hose SystemNFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps

for Fire ProtectionNFPA 22 Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire

Protection

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Reference No. TitleNFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service

Mains and Their AppurtenancesNFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquid CodeNFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code

NFPA 170 Standard for Fire Safety SymbolsNFPA 1961 Standard For Fire HoseNFPA 1963 Standard for Fire Hose Connections

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 23

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Reference No. TitleDecree of the state Minister for

Environmental of the no. 13/1995 and no. 129/2003

Point Emission Levels (IndonesianRegional Standard)

Government Regulation of the no. 41/1999

Ground Emission Levels (IndonesianRegional Standard)41/1999 Regional Standard)

Decree of the state Minister for Environmental of the Republic of

Indonesia no. 42/1996

Liquid Waste Quality Standard

Government Regulation of the no. 11/1973

Work Safety in Oil and Gas Refiningand Processing

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In case of any conflict in project specification, the

order of priority of the documents to be applied

shall be as follows:

a) This design basis

b) Statutory and local authority regulations

c) Indonesian national laws c) Indonesian national laws

d) Referenced codes and standards

IJK & teamProcess Hazard Identification in Oil & Gas Industry 25

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�Contoh Proposal HAZID Real.

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