2009

IV.

21 8

5

19

IIPP

NNGGNN

LLAANN//SSAANN//

LLAANN//SSAANN

Ⅳ -1

1.

1-1.

IP NGN Next

Generation Network

google Amazon

YouTube

(1)

P2P

IX Internet Exchange

4-1 2001 2003 2004 2006

Ⅳ -2

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000010367.pdf

4-1 IX

1 4-2 IX

2006

Ⅳ -3

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000010367.pdf

4-2 1

(2)

2010 87.6

(a)

PHS 2009 3

1 1,205 90

93 2006 3.5

14Mbps

3.9

PHS WiMAX 2007 12

WiMAX 2009 2

Ⅳ -4

(b)

FTTH ADSL IP

IP TV

PC

DLNA Digital Living Network Architecture

DLNA

DVD BD

(c) NGN

2003

NGN Next Generation Network 2008 3

IMS IP Multimedia

Subsystem IP NGN

(d) IPTV

NGN HDTV High Definition TV

NGN

IPTV 2008 3 2008 5

IP 2009 3

1-2.

(1)

2010 1 2,389 2010

2.9

Ⅳ -5

(2)

85.9 2009 3

http://www.jeita.or.jp/japanese/stat/cellular/2009/comm/03.htm /

2011 7

/

(3)

10Gb

7

2006 40Gbps

100Gbps ITU-T OTN 40Gb/100Gb

2010 6

2011

40Gb/100Gb

(4)

10 100 1000

(5)

IT

Ⅳ -6

IT/ICT p2p

(6)

4-21 IT 2006 470

kWh 2025 2400 kWh/ 2050

5500 kWh/

(7)

TCP/IP

NGN IPv6

CGC Consumer Generated Contents Public Common

2.

2-1.

2-1-1.

P2P

P2P

Ⅳ -7

/

P2P

P2P P2P

RPC Remote Procedure Call

IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

SaaS Software as a Service

PaaS Platform as a Service

P2P

P2P

Ⅳ -8

2-1-2.

P2P

Java VM

2-1-3.

(1)

(2)

Ⅳ -9

(3) AAA / /

AAA

(4)

P2P

(5)

2-2.

2-2-1.

40 20

1

2000 1 Tbps

1982 32 Mbps 20 4

1990

Ⅳ -10

WDM 1 Tbps

32 Tbps

2000

1.5 IP-TV

•

MPLS-TP PBB-TE Carrier Ethernet

OPEX

2-2-2.

HD SHD

1

ROADM

Ⅳ -11

1/2 MPLS-TE

3 IP 2

OFDM

ROADM

IP

IP Clean Slate

FIND

GENI FP7

EC

2-2-3.

Ⅳ -12

2-3. IP

2-3-1.

IP

Google

IT

IP

WEB2.0

IT

3 2 IT 2000

IT/ICT 2000

3 2004

BRICs

WEB2.0

WEB2.0

ASP Application Service Provider /CSP Contents Service Provider

IT

IT

Future Network New Generation Network Clean Slate Network

2007

Ⅳ -13

2-3-2.

WEB2.0

IT/ICT

P2P CS Client-Server

P2P

Client-Server

(1) /

WEB2.0

2006

Free-Ride

(2)

J-SOX

2009 5

Ⅳ -14

(3)

P2P Client-Server

Technical

Differentiation

(4)

TCP/IP

Clean Slate Internet

Dirty Slate Internet 2

NGN IPv6 /

NGN IPv6 NGN

IPv6

CGC Consumer Generated Contents Public

Commons

20

21

Ⅳ -15

Fragmentation

Fragment

2-3-3.

(1) NGN Next Generation Network

NGN

NGN Native

NGN

(2) P2P

P2P CDN Contents Delivery Network

P2P Web Service

P2P CDN

Naïve

2008 P4P

P2P

Ⅳ -16

(3)

ISOC Internet Society 2007 12

(4)

IPv6

IPv4 IPv6

(5)

(6)

(7)

Trust

TCG Trusted Computing Group

Ⅳ -17

(8) DTN Delay Tolerant Network

TCP/IP

DTN

2-4.

2-4-1.

WAN[Wide Area Network] 10km

MAN[Metropolitan Area Network] km

LAN[Local Area Network] 100m

PAN[Personal Area Network] 10m

BAN[Body Area Network] m

1m

IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth

WAN

MAN

LAN

PAN

IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.11

3GPP, 3GPP2

BAN

10km

km

100m

10m

m

4-3

WAN 2009 3

Ⅳ -18

1 1,205 PHS 90%

100

W-CDMA CDMA2000 1x

93%

2006 3.5

HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access

7.2Mbps

MAN WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access: IEEE

802.16e 2007 12 2.5GHz 2009

2 10MHz 1

40Mbps 10Mbps

LAN ISM Industry-Science-Medical 2.4GHz

5GHz

PC

IEEE802.11b 2.4GHz 11Mbps IEEE802.11g 2.4GHz

54Mbps IEEE802.11a 5GHz 54Mbps IEEE802.11n 600Mbps

2008 12 736

PAN 10m

IEEE802.15 Bluetooth IEEE802.15.1 Zigbee IEEE802.15.4

RFID Radio Frequency Identification Wireless USB

ISO/IEC

18092 NFC: Near Field Communication

ISO14443 MIFARE FeliCa

IC

2-4-2.

(1)

(2) (3)

Ⅳ -19

(1)

3D

3.5

7.2Mbps

14Mbps

2010

300Mbps

3.9

LTE: Long Term

Evolution

2011

100Mbps

1Gbps

IMT-Advanced

4-4

Mbps

UWB 560Mbps TransferJet 4Gbps

WirelessHD 60GHz 6Gbps

IEEE802.15.3c

BAN IEEE802.15.6

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000012923.pdf

Ⅳ -20

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000012923.pdf

4-5

LAN IEEE802.11s

LAN LAN

(2)

IP

MobileIP

Fast MobileIP FMIP

IEEE802.21 MIH Media Independent Handover

MAN WiMAX LAN Ethernet

LAN 2003

Ⅳ -21

3GPP IWLAN Interworking Wireless LAN

IWLAN LAN

1

2

3 PS

4

5

6 CS

FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence NW

(3)

2006 4

2009 2 2008

2,430 73%

2011 7

http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/2008/pdf/080715_4_houkoku.pdf

4-6

Ⅳ -22

2003

NGN Next Generation Network 2008 3

IMS IP Multimedia

Subsystem IP NGN

2-4-3.

(1)

(a)

5 60GHz

(b)

(c)

Ⅳ -23

(2)

NGN IP

QoS IP

2-5.

2-5-1.

1280 768 1920 1080

24Mbps

IP NGN

4096 2160 4K Digital Cinema

4K Digital Cinema 6Gbps Mbps

/ 4K Digital Cinema

2-5-2.

NHK UHDTV:

Ultra High Definition TV 7,680 4,320

72Gbps

2015 2025

3D 3D

3D 2

Ⅳ -24

3D

3D

2-5-3.

(1)

(2)

IP NGN

FEC Forward Error Correction

2-6.

2-6-1.

RFID

Ⅳ -25

QoS

(1)

WEB TV

RFID PC

(2)

(1)

(3)

2

a

Ⅳ -26

b)

QoS

2-6-2.

IT Information Technology

RFID

WiMAX 3

Ⅳ -27

(

/

RFID

2-6-3.

QoS

/

RFID

Ⅳ -28

3.

3-1.

3-1-1.

PHS

2009.3 1 1,205 96%

93% 2006 3.5

14Mbps

3.9 LTE: Long Term

Evolution 100Mbps 2010

2.5GHz

PHS WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access 2

2007 12 2.5GHz WiMAX

2009 2

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/denpa_seisaku/pdf/081024_2_si3.pdf

4-7

Ⅳ -29

2008 1

3-1-2.

10

220

ITU-R 3.9 4

4 2011

100Mbps 1Gbps

4-8

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000017276.pdf

4-9 ITU-R IMT International Mobile Telecommunications

2007 10 WRC World Radiocommunication Conference

-07 IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced

IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced 428MHz

3.4 3.6GHz 200MHz

2.3 2.4GHz 100MHz

698 806MHz 108MHz

450 470MHz 20MHz

Ⅳ -30

ITU-R M.1645 “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of

IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000

4-9 ITU 3

4-10 3.5 3.9 4

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

F I G U R E 2I l lu s t r a t io n o f c a p a b i l i t i e s o f I M T - 2 0 0 0 a n d s y s t e m s b e y o n d I M T - 2 0 0 0

E n h a n c e m e n t

D e n o te s i n t e r c o n n e c t io n b e t w e e n s y s t e m s v i a n e t w o r k s , w h i c h a l l o w s f l e x i b l e u s e i n a n y e n v i r o n m e n t w i t h o u t m a k i n g u s e r s a w a r e o f c o n s t i t u e n t s y s t e m s

N o m a d i c / l o c a l a r e a a c c e s s s y s t e m s

D i g i t a l b r o a d c a s t s y s t e m s

P e a k u s e f u l d a t a r a t e ( M b i t / s )

D a s h e d l i n e i n d i c a t e st h a t t h e e x a c t d a t ar a t e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t hs y s t e m s b e y o n d I M T - 2 0 0 0a r e n o t y e t d e t e r m in e d

N e w c a p a b i l i t i e so f s y s t e m s b e y o n dI M T - 2 0 0 0

S y s t e m s b e y o n d I M T - 2 0 0 0 w i l l e n c o m p a s sth e c a p a b i l i t i e s o f p r e v i o u s s y s t e m s

M o b i l i t y

H ig h

L o w

N e wm o b i l ea c c e s s

N e w n o m a d i c / lo c a la r e a w i r e l e s s a c c e s s

E n h a n c e dI M T - 2 0 0 0

I M T - 2 0 0 0

D a r k s h a d i n g i n d i c a t e s e x i s t i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s , m e d i u m s h a d i n g in d i c a t e s e n h a n c e m e n t s t o I M T - 2 0 0 0 , a n d t h e l i g h t e r s h a d in g i n d i c a t e s n e w c a p a b i l i t i e s o f s y s t e m s b e y o n d I M T - 2 0 0 0 .

T h e d e g r e e o f m o b i l i t y a s u s e d in t h i s F i g u r e i s d e s c r i b e d a s f o l l o w s : l o w m o b i l i t y c o v e r s p e d e s t r i a n s p e e d , a n d h ig h m o b i l i t y c o v e r s h ig h s p e e d o n h i g h w a y s o r f a s t t r a in s ( 6 0 k m /h t o ~ 2 5 0 k m / h , o r m o r e ) .

1 6 4 5 - 0 2

Ⅳ -31

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/denpa_seisaku/pdf/081024_2_si3.pdf

4-10

WiMAX IEEE 802.16j

Wireless LAN 2004 7

IEEE802.11s LAN

LAN

1

AV 2

3

2010 9

LAN

Ⅳ -32

MIMO

3-1-3.

IMT-Advanced 3GPP 3.9

LTE-Advanced

(1)

IMT-Advanced 100MHz

Carrier aggregation

(2) MIMO

LTE 4x4 4 4

1x2 1 2 MIMO

IMT-Advanced

(3)

(4)

3-2.

3-2-1.

10 100 1000

NTT

Ⅳ -33

FTTH Fiber To The

Home

4-11

Backbone NW

Metro NW

Metro NW

PON

L2 SW

PSTNVoIP

The Internet

ISP

Metro NW

PON

Photonic Transport Network

Access Network

Optical path

Saver

Router

ROADM

4-11

ADSL

HFC Hybrid fiber coax FTTH ADSL

50Mbps

HFC

CATV Mbps

160Mbps CATV

FTTH SS PDS

PDS PON

ADSL FTTH Gbps PON Passive

Optical Network GE-PON

30 Mbps 100Mbps PON

G-PON 64 20km GE-PON

16 20km

Ⅳ -34

WDM WDM 2

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop

Multiplexer /

40 Gbps 1 DWDM Dense Wavelength

Division Multiplexing 50GHz 80

3.2Tbps ROADM

Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer 40Gbps WDM

GMPLS

Optical

performance monitor OPM

ROADM WDM

WDM

SONET/SDH/OTN

ITU-T SG15 1998

SDH/SONET

OTN

2001 OTN OTU1 2.67Gbps

OTU2 10.7Gbps OTU3 43.0Gbps SDH

LAN 10GbE 10GbE

OTU2e 40/100GbE

IEEE ITU-T 40GbE

ODU3/OTU3

100GbE OTU4 111.8Gbps

OTU4 ODU4 2012

Ⅳ -35

3-2-2.

(1)

1 10G bps PON

IEEE Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers 2009 3

WDM

(2) /

ROADM WSS

WDM

ROADM 3

OXC Optical Cross Connect

OXC

OPM

PMD OSNR Q

Ⅳ -36

OADM

OADM

OADMOADM

OADM

OADM

OADM

OADMOADM

OADM

OXC OXC

OXC OXC

OXC

WXC

WXC

WXC WXC

WXCWXC

WXC

WXC WXC

WXC

Point-point WDM

WDM Ring NW

WDM Mesh NW

Transparent Mesh NW

WDM

SW ROADM

SW OXC

WXC

2000 20152010

C-plane

C-plane

NTT Vol.19 No.10, pp.11 http://www.ntt.co.jp/journal/0710/files/jn200710008.pdf

4-12

3-2-3.

(1)

FTTH

FTTH Gbps

PON 20km

100km PON ONU

FTTH ONU

LSI

FTTH IPTV

HDTV

Radio over fiber ROF FTTH

FTTH

Ⅳ -37

DROF Digitized Radio-on-Fiber FTTH

/ FTTH

(2) /

ROADM

PLC Planer Light-wave Circuit

2 2 WSS

ROADM

WSS

WSS MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

1x9

WSS WSS

OPM

NMS

Network Management System

LSP Label Switched Path MPLS

Multi Protocol Label Switching

TDM GMPLS

Generalized MPLS GMPLS

Ⅳ -38

3-3.

3-3-1.

IP Internet Protocol

SDH/SONET Synchronous Digital Hierarchy/Synchronous Optical NETwork

IP-VPN IP-Virtual

Private Network IP/MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching

SDH/SONET ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode FR Frame Relay

IP/MPLS

IP/MPLS

IP/MPLS SDH/SONET

SDH/SONET

QoS Quality of Service

IP/MPLS

SDH/SONET ATM

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers PBB-TE

Provider Backbone Bridge-Traffic Engineering

MAC-in-MAC

IEEE 802.1Qay

ITU-T T-MPLS Transport-MPLS

MPLS

T-MPLS IP/MPLS

IETF IETF

ITU-T MPLS-TP Transport Profile

3-3-2.

IETF RFC Request For Comment

2009 MPLS-TP

ITU-T T-MPLS

OAM

Ⅳ -39

3-3-3.

MPLS-TP MPLS MPLS-TP TP Transport Profile

SDH/SONET

IP/MPLS VCCV Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification BFD

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection LSP-Ping

MPLS-TP

G-ACH Generic Associated CHannel G-ACH

IP/MPLS PHP Penultimate Hop Popping ECMP Equal Cost

Multi-Path label merging

MPLS-TP

IP/MPLS

MPLS-TP OAM

ITU-T G.8080 ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network

MPLS-TP IP/MPLS

M

MPLS-TP

3-4.

3-4-1.

AV

TV

PC PC OA

TV

PC

Ⅳ -40

5

(1)

NGN

(a) QoS

QoS 4-13 NGN QoS

NGN 1 QoS

QoS QoS

NGN 2 NGN

H-GW

( )

H-NW

H-GW

QoS

H-NW

H-GW

QoS

NGN

NGN 1

NGN 2

(NGN )

(NGN )

+NGN

, , , “ QoS ”,

CS2007-22, 2007 , vol. 107, no. 244, CS2007-22, pp. 1-6, 2007 10

4-13 QoS NGN

Ⅳ -41

QoS Prioritized QoS

Parameterized QoS NGN

2 End-End QoS

QoS

(b)

IP SEC

IKE IKE

IKE IKEv2

(c)

SMNP

BBF Broadband Forum TR-069

TR-069

(d)

NGN

IP NGN QoS

NGN QoS

IP DSCP Diffserv Service Code Point

(2)

3

(a)

SI

POF 800Mbps, 50m GI POF 10Gbps, 10m

Ⅳ -42

(b)

PLC Power Line Communication

PLC 1 2 : HPA : UPA

: CEPCA IEEE1901

ITU-T SG15

PLC

TV

(c)

LAN

1Gbps LAN IEEE802.11a/b/g

IEEE802.11e/s

IEEE802.11n

(3) IPTV

IP IPTV

IPTV

3-4-2.

NGN

(1)

3-4-1.(1) NGN

(a) QoS

NGN 2 Parameterized QoS NGN SIP

QoS QoS IP

Ⅳ -43

NGN 3 QoS

(b)

IP-SEC IKEv2

IP SEC

IP SEC

(c)

3-4-1.(1)

BBF TR-069 4-14 TR-069

IP ICMP OAM

Operation, Administration and Maintenance

Ⅳ -44

Broadband Forum TR-069

http://www.broadband-forum.org/technical/download/TR-069Amendment2.pdf

4-14 TR-069

(d)

NGN SIP Session Initiation Protocol

QoS SIP

SIP

NGN SIP

SIP NGN QoS

4-15

”SIP ” SIP SIP

Ⅳ -45

Access NW Access NW

Control Layer

Service Layer

Transport Layer

Session Control Signalling, QoS Control, Etc.

MGC MGC

MC MC

Home GW Home GW

SIP

Access NW QoS

End-to-End QoS

Access NW QoS

Scope of NGN

4-15 SIP

(2)

3-4-1.(2) PLC

2012

2015

(3) IPTV

NGN

3-4-3.

3-4-2.

(1)

Parameterized QoS

QoS QoE

(2)

PLC xDSL

Ⅳ -46

(3) IPTV

3-5. NGN

3-5-1.

IP

IP

IPTV

ITU-T

International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication sector

NGN Next Generation Network

NGN IP

IP all-IP all-IP

4-16 NGN

Ⅳ -47

IP

FMC

NGN

FMC: Fixed mobile convergence

4-16 NGN

NGN

FMC

3

3GPP ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute TISPAN

Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced

Networking IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

SIP

B-ISDN ATM

AIN Advanced Intelligent Network TINA Telecommunication

Information Networking Architecture 4-17 ITU-T

NGN

Ⅳ -48

NGNANI

UN

I

NN

I

/

ANI: Application Network Interface

4-17 ITU-T NGN

NGN FMC Fixed-mobile Convergence NGN

IP

FMC

NGN

IP

3-5-2.

(1) all-IP

IP

all-IP 2008 NTT NGN

2008 3 ETSI 3GPP/3GPP2

3rd Generation Partnership Project/-2

ITU International Telecommunication Union 2004 10 WTSA World

Telecommunication Standardization Assembly NGN Next Generation

Network 2005 Release1

Ⅳ -49

IP

IP

QoS

IP QoS

IP

(2)

all-IP

all-IP

all-IP

VoIP TV

VoIP

IP

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force RFC3261 SIP

Session Initiation Protocol

3GPP IMS IP Multi Media Subsystem 3GPP2 MMD

Multi Media Domain

1

Ⅳ -50

/

3-5-3.

All-IP

(1) IP

IP

QoS

IP

NGN

NGN QoS

NGN QoS

RACF: Resource Admission Control

Function RACF

NGN

QoS

ITU-T 3 QoS

150 NGN

QoS NGN

(2) /

GMPLS

SIP

Ⅳ -51

NGN

RPR Resilient Packet Ring

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer RPR

ROADM

SDH/SONET

RPR

RPR 1

ADM RPR

NGN

ROADM

ROADM ROADM

ROADM RPR

SDH/SONET

ROADM

GMPLS

(3)

AAA / /

SaaS

NGN ANI

NGN Release 1

IP Release 2 IPTV FMC

NGN

Ⅳ -52

SIP

Software as a Service SaaS

/

/ / SaaS

SaaS

3-6.

3-6-1.

2010 87.6 2003 3.1

2010 12,300 2010 3

4-18

Ⅳ -53

1

http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2004/pdf/040305_8_s1.pdf

4-18

3-6-2.

IP

IPv6

100m 1

Ⅳ -54

300m

1

10,000

GPS Global Positioning System

QoS LAN QoS

MAC Media Access Control

QoS

QoS

Zigbee

(1)

1 10,000 10,000

100 10 10km

(a)

Ⅳ -55

1 16 0.5 32 0.1

32

(b)

GPS GPS

GPS

1

cm

DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication

(c)

100

100

99 1 1

ms

(d)

kbps UWB

Mbps Mbps

Ⅳ -56

(2)

(a)

AES-128

(b)

QoS

3-6-3.

IT

CPU

Ⅳ -57

QoS

3-7.

3-7-1.

FTTH ADSL IP

IP TV

PC

DLNA Digital Living Network Architecture

DLNA

DVD BD

(1)

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication sector J.190

Digital AV TEL/ FAX PC

Home Appliance 5 Plane IP

IP

IPTV

IP-STB(IP Set Top Box)

VoD; Video on Demand IP

IP

(2)

LAN Local Area Network

UWB Ultra Wide Band Zigbee Bluetooth

LAN IEEE802.11a/g 54Mbps

PC

IEEE802.11n 2007 5 IEEE

Ⅳ -58

2.0 100Mbps 300Mbps

UWB 2006 7

480Mbps USB

Bluetooth

10 1Mbps

Bluetooth

Bluetooth2.1 1Mbps

LAN

DVD BD

HDTV High Definition Television

WirelessHD 2G-5Gbps

Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4

250kbps 30m

255

1 m 1GMbps

10Gbps 120GHz

(3)

PLC Power Line Communication 2006 10

PLC HD-PLC

LAN Ethernet

AV IEEE1394

SI 800Mbps IEEE1394b

GI 10Gbps

(4)

IP PC

Ⅳ -59

UPnP Universal Plug and Play

PC

3-7-2.

(1)

FTTH

FTTH ONU Optical Networking Unit

NGN Next Generation Network 2008 4 NGN

QoS Quality of Service

SIP Session Initiation Protocol

2008 10

ONU FTTH

3.5 3.9 LTE

NGN SIP QoS

/

QoS

Ⅳ -60

(2)

UWB Bluetooth3.0 300M -1Gbps 10 10Gbps

Zigbee

UWB 1Mbps

USB 2011-12 1Gbps

LAN 802.11 300Mbps MIMO

Ethernet FTTH

LED Mbps

WirelessHD 2012 25Gbps

802.15.3c PAN IEEE

2010

120GHz 1 10Gbps

4 16

802.15.4a UWB

LAN PAN

LED

(3)

PLC 200Mbps

30Mbps

400Mbps 100Mbps

PLC

200Mbps 400Mbps

QoS

Ethernet

DLNA PC AV 1Gbps

Ⅳ -61

Ethernet

10G,40G

SI 1.6Gbps 10Gbps

GI

10 1-10Gbps

QoS

10-40Gbps QoS

(4)

AV DLNA

DLNA IP-STB

IP Set Top Box

ON/OFF

Zigbee

WLAN Bluetooth DLNA ECHONET

PUCC P2P(Peer to Peer Universal Computing Consortium

AV DoS

Ⅳ -62

3-7-3.

(1)

WLAN

(2)

3-8.

3-8-1.

IEEE SA; IEEE Standard Association

IEEE802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 802.3 WG Working

Group IEEE 802.3 1983 10BASE5

10 Mbps 500 m 10

10 Gbps 10GBASE

2006 7 40Gbps 100Gbps

2010 6

(1)

IEEE 802.3 WG 40 Gbps 100 Gbps

IEEE 802.3ba 100 Gbps

100 Gbps

40 Gbps

100Gb 40Gb

100Gb

40 km 10 km

1 m 40Gb 100

m 10 m

10 km 40 km 4-1

Ⅳ -63

4-1 10 Gbps

(2) SAN

SAN Storage Area Network Fiber Channel

Fiber Channel SAN FC-SAN Fiber Channel

ANSI T11 The American National Standards Institute T11 technical committee

SCSI

TCP/IP ATM 1 Gbps

10 Gbps 16 Gbps

Fiber Channel FC-SAN

IP SAN IP-SAN IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force IP-SAN TCP Fiber

Channel FCIP TCP

iFCP TCP SCSI iSCSI

IP TCP

TCP

TCP/IP TOE TCP/IP Offload Engine

IP-SAN

10 Gbps

IP-SAN TCP/IP Fiber Channel SCSI

TCP/IP Fiber Channel over Ethernet

FCoE Fiber Channel

Ⅳ -64

FCoE ANSI T11

(3)

10 km 40 km

100 1000 km

OTN Optical Transport Network

OTN

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization

Sector G.709 2.5 Gbps 10 Gbps

40 Gbps 3 OTN 1000 km

FEC Forward Error Correction

FEC RS 255 23.9

3-8-2.

(1)

10 Gb

7

2006 7

40Gbps 100Gbps 40Gb 100Gb

ITU-T OTN 40G/100G

40Gb 100Gb 2010 6

40Gb/100Gb OTN 2011

40Gb/100Gb

40Gb/100Gb

4 5

10Gb 100Gb 2000

7 8

2014 2018 3

2011

400 Gbps 1

Tbps

100Gb WDM

Ⅳ -65

OOK On Off Keying 40 Gbps

400 Gbps 10 1 Tbps 25

40Gb/100Gb 2010 IEEE

MSA Multi-source Agreement

CFP MSA 10Gb 300pin-MSA

XEMPAK XPAK X2 XFP SFP+ 6 MSA

40G/100G

(2) SAN

SAN

Fiber Channel

(3)

IP/VPN

OAM Operation Administration and

Maintenance IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault

Management

OAM

Ⅳ -66

3-8-3.

(1)

IEEE 802.3ba 40Gb 100Gb 40 Gbps

100 Gbps 10

Gbps

10GBASE-LX4

10GBASE-LX4 4 4 CWDM Coarse Wavelength

Division Multiplexing MUX/DEMUX

1

100Gbps

100 Gbps

10 km 40 km 100 m 10 Gbps

100 Gbps

100 Gbps 64 bit

64B/66B 1 20

5 Gbps 20

20 10 5 4 2 1

40Gb 100Gb

10 km 40 km 4

WDM 40GBASE-LR4 4 10.3125Gbps 64B/66B

ITU G.694.2

4 CWDM 1271 1331nm 20nm

100GBASE-LR4 -ER4 4 25.78125 Gbps

CWDM LAN-WDM Local Area Network WDM

LAN WDM 1300nm 800GHz

4.5nm

40Gb 100Gb

100 Gbps 400 Gbps 1 Tbps

WDM

Ⅳ -67

1 OOK

1 2 OFDM

(2) SAN

FCoE SAN

2010 40 Gbps

100 Gbps

FCoE

FCoE CEE Converged Enhanced Ethernet

CEE IEEE IETF

CN; Congestion Notification IEEE 802.1Qau

PFC; Priority-based Flow Control IEEE 802.1Qbb

ETS; Enhanced Transmission Selection IEEE 802.1Qaz

DCBX; Data Center Bridging exchange protocol IEEE 802.1

TRILL; Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links IETF

(3)

(a)

IEEE

PBB Provider Backbone

Bridge IETF Internet Engineering Task Force MPLS

MPLS-TP Multi-Protocol Label Switching Transport Profile

OAM

QoS

(b)

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode TDM

QoS

OAM

Ⅳ -68

3-9.

3-9-1.

IT Information Technology IT

end-to-end 10

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6

etc

3

http :Web (Web

(Bot

2003 SQL worm :SQL (Resolution

service ISP Internet

Service Provider

2004 1 29 PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

Ⅳ -69

IC

OpenID SAML

IT

1

2

3

3-9-2.

(1)

Innovation

PKI Delegation

2010

2015

(2)

2018

18 1 2 2025

Ⅳ -70

LSI3 2018

LAN Local Area Network

1989

IBM 30 cm

(3)

Grid :

1 P2P Peer to Peer:

IC

Ⅳ -71

PC /

PC

P2P

PKI

IC

ID/PW

ID

(4)

DDoS Distributed Denial of Service:

DDoS

IP

Network Front End ISP

DDoS

Application Firewall IDS/IDP

Ⅳ -72

DDoS

DDoS

OS Operating System

anomaly traffic

ID

DDoS

Ⅳ -73

1 IP

TCP/UDP

4

http https

IDS IPS

DDoS

3-9-3.

(1)

(2)

1Gbps 10Gbps 40Gbps 100Gbps

LSI CPU CPU

Ⅳ -74

Y00

(3)

SSO Single

Sign On

SSO

SSO

EC

Electric Commerce Grid/P2P

IC

IP

ID

Ⅳ -75

(4)

DDoS

IP

DB

IP TCP/UDP

GMPLS/IP/TCP/HTTP

Ⅳ -76

4.

4-1.

4-1-1.

4-19

2008 6 FTTH Fiber To The Home 1310 DSL Digital Subscriber Line

1230 CATV 3.90 2930 2002 2004

Mbps Mbps

DSL ADSL

Asynchronous DSL

2004 100Mbps 1Gbps

FTTH PON Passive Optical Network

1 1

FTTH

P2P Peer to Peer

6

http://www.iijlab.net/~kjc/papers/kjc-conext2008.pdf

4-19

(1) IC

PC IC

IP Internet Protocol

Ⅳ -77

IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6

(2) P2P

P2P

4-20 IX Internet

eXchange 2004

150% 370% 2005 140%

2004

http://www.iijlab.net/~kjc/papers/kjc-conext2008.pdf

4-20 IX

(3)

70% OPEX Operation Expenditure

GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol

Ⅳ -78

Label Switching

GMPLS

GMPLS IP

SONET/SDH Synchronous Optical NETwork/Synchronous Digital

Hierarchy XC Cross Connect WDM Wavelength Division

Multiplex

(4)

QoS Quality of Service

FPGA Field

Programmable Gate Array

(5)

DDoS Distributed Denial of Service

(6)

4-21 IT 2006

470 kWh/ 2025 2400 kWh/

Ⅳ -79

2050 5500 kWh/

http://www.meti.go.jp/press/20071207005/03_G_IT_ini.pdf

4-21

4-1-2.

(1)

P2P

LAN Local Area Network /SAN Storage Area Network

LAN/SAN

LAN/SAN

SOHO

LAN/SAN

QoS Quality of Service

Ⅳ -80

LAN/SAN

UTP Unshielded Twist Pair Cable

LAN/SAN

(2)

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array LAN/SAN

PC

4-1-3.

(1)

(a)

LAN/SAN

10

40Gbps 1 10Gbps 2010

100Gbps 10Gbps 2014 100G 1Tbps 40 100Gbps

1-2 LAN/SAN

640Gbps

2010 1.2Tbps 2013 2.4Tbps 2016 5Tbps

2010

Ⅳ -81

(b)

IP IPv4/IPv6

PC

IP

2004 IP

1/10 VPN Virtual

Private Network

IPv4 512K IPv6 128K

IPv6 128 32 IPv4

1/4 2013 IPv4 2M

IPv6 512K IP

10Gbps 40Gbps TCAM Ternary

Content Addressable Memory RAM Random Access Memory

TCAM

2015

RAM

(c)

3kW

2014

2.1kW

2012 2 4

Ⅳ -82

2015 5 16

(d)

QoS

ASIC Application Specific Integration Circuit

DRP Dynamic Reconfigurable Processor FPGA

ASIC 2011

FPGA DRP ASIC

(e)

2009 10Gbps 2010

40Gbps 2014 100Gbps 2017 400Gbps

10Gbps

Ⅳ -83

2010 40Gbps 2013 100Gbps

2017 400Gbps

1

DPI Deep Packet

Inspection DPI

DPI 2010 25Mp/s packet per

second 2012 100Mp/s 2017 400Mp/s

IP IP Port

Port 5 5

4M /s 10M

2011 2012 10M /s 100M 2015 2016

40M /s 1G

2011

2013

2016

(2) LAN/SAN

(a)

SOHO Small Office Home Office LAN/SAN

LAN IEEE802.3

SAN

Fiber Channel

over Ethernet FC over Ethernet

LAN/SAN

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

UTP

Ⅳ -84

2 3

LAN SAN

SAN

2009 10Gbps 2012 LAN 40Gbps SAN

100 160Gbps 2015 LAN 100 160Gbps SAN 400Gbps 1Tbps

(b)

LAN/SAN

(c)

LAN/SAN PC

(3)

4-21 IT 2025

2400 kWh/ 2050 5500 kWh/

PC 1Gbps

http://www.ieee802.org/3/cfi/1106_1/EEE-CFI.pdf

5% 1Gbps

2010

LPI-EEE Low Power Idle Energy Efficient Ethernet IEEE802.3az

LPI-EEE

MAC Medium Access Control

2013 RPS-EEE Rapid PHY Selection EEE

Ⅳ -85

2012

2 4

2015 5 16

2011

2010 2012

2012 10

2016 1

2011 10

2013

2016

SerDes Serializer/Deserializer 6.25Gbps 10Gbps

2010 10Gbps 25Gbps 40Gbps

2012 25Gbps 100Gbps

400Gbps

15%

Ⅳ -86

2012 2016

(4)

LAN/SAN

PCI-Express InfiniBand CEI Common

Electrical Interface

1 10Gbps

2010 40Gbps 400Gbps

2013

100Gbps 1Tbps

CAM Content Addressable Memory 100Mp/s packet per second

CAM

CAM RAM Random Access Memory

2012 400Mp/s

2015 RAM

600Gbps 2012 1Tbps 2016 2Tbps

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

OAM Operation

Ⅳ -87

Administration and Maintenance ATM ITU-T

Y.1731 IEEE802

IEEE802.1ag Ethernet OAM

OAM 2011 OAM

Ethernet OAM

4-2.

4-2-1.

2001 MEMS Micro

Electro Mechanical Systems 256 256 1024 1024

IT 2003

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add/drop

Multiplexer ROADM

4-22 3 ROADM

1 2 SW2 2 2 SW1

SW

ROADM

ROADM

WSS: Wavelength Selective Switch

Ⅳ -88

WSSWSS

... ...

......

WSS

......

WSSWSSWSS

WSS: Wavelength Selective SW

4-22 ROADM

4-2-2.

ROADM OXC Optical Cross

Connect OXC

ROADM ROADM OXC

4-23 ROADM

OXC

Ⅳ -89

… …

… …

... WSSWSS

...

... ...

...

......WSSWSS WSS WSS

... ...

WSSWSS

...

... ...

... ...

... ...

... ...

WSS

WSS

WSS

WSS

WSS

WSS

WSS

WSS

4-23 ROADM OXC

Phase 1

ch Phase 2

Phase3

HUB OXC

4-24

4-24 1

WEST EAST

4-25

WSS 1 n

Ⅳ -90

1n1n

1 n1 n

WESTEAST

EAST WEST

EAST WEST

(West

1)

West 1

(EAST n)

1n1n

1 n1 n

WESTEAST

EAST WEST

EAST WEST

(West

1)

West 1

(EAST n)

4-24

WEST

EAST

1 1

NORTH

SOUTH

EAST

WEST

SOUTH

NORTH

22

WEST

EAST

1 1

NORTH

SOUTH

EAST

WEST

SOUTH

NORTH

22

4-25

4-2-3.

ROADM

1 2 1 4 1 9

4-26

MEMS

Ⅳ -91

WSS: Wavelength Selective SW

4-26

MEMS 80ch 80

MEMS

MEMS MEMS

MEMS

MEMS Si LCOS Liquid

Crystal On silicon

m n

4-3.

4-3-1.

m

IP

4-26

Ⅳ -92

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/mobile/pdf/070918_si10_2.pdf

4-27

2007

2008 5

Modulation and Demodulation Equipment: MDE Amplifier: AMP

4-3-2.

3GPP Self-Organizing Network SON

Ⅳ -93

/

ID

3-1-3

4-3-3.

SON

(1)

- IP

-

-

(2)

-

-

(3)

-

-

4-4.

4-4-1.

/ AV PC

TV

Ⅳ -94

AV PC

QoS

(1) IPTV

NGN HDTV( High Definition TV

NGN

IPTV 2008 3 2008 5 IP

2009 3

IPTV 2006 ITU-T FG-IPTV Focus Group on IPTV

2008 IPTV-GSI Global Standards Initiative

IPTV-GSI SG9 11 12 13 15 16 17 SG : Study Group

Coordinator SG16 TTC IPTV ITU-T

2008 IPTV

2008 9

NGN

IPTV

(2)

QoS QoE

Ⅳ -95

OSGi ICT

/

4-4-2.

(1) IPTV

HDTV

2011

BS H.264

/MPEG-4 AVC HDTV 3480x2160/60p

22.2

IPTV

CPU

FMBC Fixed Mobile Broadcasting Convergence

IPTV

(2)

ITU-T IPTV

/

SCP Service & Content Protection

AV

EPG: ECG:

E-Newspaper

OSGi OSGi

Ⅳ -96

4-4-3.

(1) IPTV

(2)

Ⅳ -97

5.

5-1.

5-1-1.

2

10 100

1000

FTTH GE-PON

10Gbps

ADSL FTTH

10Gbps

40Gbps 2009 40/100GbE

IEEE 40/100GbE

/ 40Gbps DWDM

80ch 40G-DWDM 2 Non-retrun

to zero NRZ Optical duobinary ODB Differential phase

shift keying DPSK Differential quadrature phase shift keying DQPSK

4-28 DPSK DQPSK

3dB

High density

Hig

h se

nsiti

vity

0.25 0.5 0.75 1

Incr

ease

in s

ensi

tivity

(dB

)

Spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)0

Amplitude Amplitude modulationmodulation

NRZ

RZPhase modulationPhase modulation

RZDPSK

3 5dB

RZDQPSK

PDM-QPSKw/ coherent detection

2

Y. Hibino, M. Jinno, "Recent advances on node technologies in photonic networks," Photonic Switching

2007, San Francisco, 2007

4-28

2010 40/100GbE

Ⅳ -98

40/100GbE 100Gbps

km

100Gbps

5-1-2.

(1)

FTTH 4-29 10Gbps

TDM WDM 2

IEEE802.3av 10G-EPON 10Gbit Ethernet PON

ITU-T PON 10G-EPON ONU

OLT P-P Point to Point

LSI

PON ODN Optical

Distribution Network 1Gbps 10Gbps

PON

1 WDM-PON Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON

WDM TDM Time Domain Multiplexing

Gbps

Ⅳ -99

NTT Vol.19 No.10, pp.10

http://www.ntt.co.jp/journal/0710/files/jn200710008.pdf

4-29

(2) /

WDM TDM

DQPSK 2006

5 14 Tbps 2007 20.4

Tbps 204 111 Gbps WDM 240

km

100Gb/ 2009 3

13.4Tbps 6200km WDM 50GHz 111Gbps

4-30

Ⅳ -100

2006 2007 2008 2009

50.7Pb/s/Km ALU7.2Tb/s x 7040km

41.8Pb/s/Km ALU16.4Tb/s x 2550km

84.3Pb/s/Km NTT13.5Tb/s x 6248km

48.2Pb/s/Km NTT13.4Tb/s x 3600km

6Pb/s/Km ALU25.6Tb/s x 240km

Pro

duct

of d

ista

nce

& ca

paci

ty (P

b/s

km)

4.8Pb/s/Km NTT20Tb/s x 240km

3Pb/s/Km Lucent12.4Tb/s x 240km

2.2Pb/s/Km NTT14Tb/s x 160km

World top data

4-30

1 40 Gbps

100Gbps 111 Gbps 111 Gbps

100 GbE 103 Gbps ITU-T OTN

FEC

FEC 125Gbps

5-1-3.

(1)

100 Gbps

TDM WDM TDM

PON

FTTH

DWDM

ONU

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access ONU

OCDMA Optical CDMA

OFDM

Ⅳ -101

(2)

40G-DWDM DPSK DQPSK

Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

2

DPSK 4 DQPSK

DQPSK

PMD

Polarization Mode Dispersion

40Gbps 10Gbps OSNR

2

OSNR WDM

AD 3

LO

200THz LO

PLL

AD

AD 2 6

100Gbps

Ⅳ -102

100Gbps

2007

4-30 100Gbps WDM AD

LSI 2012

100Gbps 400G Tbps WDM

5-2.

5-2-1.

Ⅳ -103

Ⅳ -104

4-31 PAN IEEE802.15

5-2-2.

Ⅳ -105

IV-105

Ⅳ -106

Ⅳ -107

Ⅳ -108

Ⅳ -109

Ⅳ -110

5-2-3.

4-32 UWB

4-31

Ⅳ -111

Ⅳ -112

Ⅳ -113

Ⅳ -114

Ⅳ -115

5-3. LAN SAN

5-3-1.

IP NGN

LAN

NW IEEE 802.3

10GBASE SR/LR/ER

XFP SFP

2006 10GBASE-T

GbE

10GbE SAN

10GbE

IXP Internet Exchange point ISP

40%

IEEE 802.3ba 10GbE

40GbE/100GbE

2008 10

Ⅳ -116

2008 13.3 2012 12.7

http://www.idcjapan.co.jp/Press/Current/20090413Apr.html LAN-

LAN IEEE802.11a/b/g

ITU-T ITU-T SG15 Q4

PLC Power Line

Communication HPA UPA

CEPCA

PLC

5-3-2.

(1)

2010 40GbE 100GbE

40GBASE CR4 10GBASE-T

40GbE LAN-

40GBASE-CR4

100GBASE CR10 2015

(2)

2010

40Gbps

100Gbps

100Gbps

25Gx4

M-PSK

Ⅳ -117

TDM/WDM 100Gbps

(3) SAN

SAN Fiber channel FC 1Gbps~10Gbps FC-SAN

10GBASE-T

10GBASE-LRM IP-SAN

FCoE FC over Ethernet SAN

10GbE Infiniband SAN

2010 40GbE/100GbE

IP-SAN FCoE

(4)

LAN PLC

2

10m

2012 1.6Gbps 2015

10Gbps 40Gbps 100Gbps

LAN 2012 IEEE802.11n 300Mbps

PLC 2012

100Mbps

2015

5-3-3.

(1)

LAN IEEE802.3

40Gbps 100Gbps 4 UTP STP

2

40Gbps 100Gbps

Ⅳ -118

(2)

IEEE802.3 40Gbps 100Gbps

IC

100Gbps

>4bit/symbol

MMF +MIMO

1Tbps

OFDM TDM/WDM

(3) SAN

SAN /

LAN 40Gbps 100Gbps

SAN

100Gbps

100Gbps

WDM/ TDM

(4)

LAN PLC

Ⅳ -119

6.

6-1.

2001 IT 1/3 2

3 2004

2007 IT

2008

BRICs

WSS Wavelength Selective Switch,

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer 2006

2007 2008 2

2007 40Gbps

FTTH 2010 3000 2000

2008 3 1200

LAN IEEE802.16

WiMAX 2009

4-2 2009

2007 1.55 m

2008

IT 2009

Ⅳ -120

4-2

2008 20

http://www.oitda.or.jp/main/press/prdct08-j.pdf

6-2.

(1)

80%

2006 WSS Wavelength Selective Switch,

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer

2007 2008 2

90%

MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System WSS LCOS

Liquid Crystal On Silicon, WSS

WSS MEMS

MEMS LCOS

Si

Ⅳ -121

WSS

OXC-SW Optical Cross Connect Switch

OXC-SW

MEMS 128 128 OXC-SW

Si

PLZT (Pb,La (Zrx, Ti1 x O3

SOA

WSS OXC-SW WSS OXC-SW

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

C-band L-band

C-band L-band

10Gbps/40Gbps

NRZ Non Return to Zero

ODB Optical Duo Binary xPSK x phase shift keying QAM quadrature amplitude

modulation

WDM

Ⅳ -122

OFDM;

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

I/O

SerDes

SoC System on Chip

3

3

2

I/O

FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array

QoS Quality of Service

SoC 3

(2)

(a)

DWDM

Polarization Mode Dispersion: PMD

Ⅳ -123

2 2.5Gbps 10Gbps

1/16 40Gbps 1/256

10Gbps DWDM PMD

PMD

OE

PMD

DCF

VIPA PLC VIPA

PLC

DCF DWDM

HOM PCF

EDC: Electrical Dispersion Compensator

FFE Feed Forward Equalizer DFE Decision

Feed-back Equalizer 2

FFE DFE 40Gbps

DC-30GHz IC

InP-HEMT

Ⅳ -124

FFE

NRZ 40Gbps

40GHz x 0.7 = 28GHz

2008 OFC Nortel 46Gbps QPSK

ASIC Application specific integrated circuit

LO

PLC

1 2

1

6

QPSK 112 Gbps

28Gbaud 56Gsps AD 4

AD 6

1Tbps LSI

(b)

1

ITU-T

Ⅳ -125

LDPC

LSI

LDPC 100Gbps LSI

(c)

Er EDFA WDM

Er

VOA Variable Optical Attenuator )

Er

C-band L-band

C-band L-band

APD Avalanche Photo-Diode

40Gbps

(d)

0.151dB/km

Ⅳ -126

(e)

3R Re-amplification

Re-timing Re-shaping

3R OE

EO 3R

3R

3R CDR CDR

DFF

CDR

CDR 3

CDR

CDR

VCO

LSI

CDR DFF

InP-HBT 100Gbps 40Gbps

100Gbps

(f)

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

MIMO

Multiple Input Multiple Output

2 CDMA

4 4G

OFDM 64QAM

Ⅳ -127

1000

IDFT DFT

MIMO

OFDM

PAPR %

OFDM

HAT High

Accuracy Tracking HAT

HAT

W-CDMA 15 50

(3)

2900 2008 9

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

FTTx Fiber tp the x

FWA: Fixed Wireless Access FTTx

SS PON

GE-PON

IEEE 10GEPON IEEE802.3av 2009

ITU-T/FSAN PON XG-PON

NG-PON

10Gbps TDM WDM CDM

OFDM

Ⅳ -128

NGN All-IP CATV NTT

OFDM MIMO

10bps/Hz

(a)

1 GSM 200kHz 3.9G

20MHz 100

A/D

(b)

3.9G PAPR Peak-to-Average Power

Ratio PAPR

(c)

RF

Ⅳ -129

IQ

DC RF

(4) LAN/SAN

SAN(Storage Area Network LAN

Local Area Network 100GbE 40GbE

100GbE 40GbE 2010

IEEE802.3ba 40GbE 10Gbps 4ch

100GbE 10Gbps 12ch 25Gbps 4ch

10Gbps 10GbE 25Gbps

4ch

TDM

QPSK TDM

80Gbps

60GHz

HPC High Performance Computing 20Gbps

cm

cm

RC

RC

CPU

(5)

Ⅳ -130

POF Ethernet UTP

PLC DSL

LSI

USB LED

LSI

(6)

AlInGaAs

1.3 m

1.55 m

10Gbps XFP SFP+

TOSA Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly / ROSA

Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly Sub assembly module MSA Multi Source

Agreement 25Gbps

40Gbps

100Gbps

WDM

160Gbps TDM Time division Multiplexing

Ⅳ -131

OTDM Optical Time Division Multiplexing

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

MLLD Mode Locked Laser Diode

MUX Multiplexer PLL

Phase-Locked Loop Demux Demultiplexer

160Gbps

OTDM

WDM

3R Re-timing, Re-shaping, Re-amplification

3 160Gbps 3 3R

3

WDM

SOA

10 m 100 m Mbit

160Gbps

640Gbps

Si

Si Si

Si

Ⅳ -132

CMOS

6-3.

(1)

(a)

DWDM

MSA Multi

Source Agreement 40/100G

MSA MSA

TOSA Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly / ROSA Receiver Optical

Sub-Assembly

10Gbps TOSA/ROSA

TOSA/ROSA

Si

40GbpsTOSA/ROSA

Ⅳ -133

25Gbps 40Gbps

60GHz

(b)

OTDM

WDM

OTDM /

40Gbps TDM

160Gbps

160GHz

160Gbps MUX/DMUX PLL

3

WDM

3R

Re-shaping, Re-timing, Re-generating

3R

/ 3

WDM

SOA

/

/

Ⅳ -134

/

EIT Electromagnetically

Induced Transparency

10 m 100

m Mbit

RAM

-

160Gbps 640Gbps

-

Si

Si-LSI

CMOS

IP

Ⅳ -135

IP

WSS OXC-SW

Si

Si-

PLZT

SOA

Si

Si

40Gbps InP

LSI 40Gbps

LSI

CMOS

AlN

GaN InN

AlGaN/GaN AlInN/GaN FET

III

AlN 6.2eV

77GHz 100GHz

10mW

Ⅳ -136

FET

( )

( )

( )

( ) 100W

(2)

SoC System on a Chip)

SerDes Serializer /

Deserializer PCI-Express

Serial ATA InfiniBand

I/O 1

10Gbps 100Gbps

10Gbps

2012 40Gbps

2014 100Gbps

SoC SoC

PU 1 8

PU 1 40

2022

4.5 nm 1

100

1 2

1 3

1

MCM Multi Chip Module

Ⅳ -137

I/O 3

PU 2017 PU 2048 PU 512

SoC

IF

FPGA Field Programmable Gate

Array SoC

RAM

SRAM

2Mbit

2011 8Mbit 2013 20Mbit

2013 400Gbps 2017 1.6Tbps

Ⅳ -138

7.

7-1.

Windows OS Media Player

Microsoft

Office Open XML ISO

1995 WTO TBT

1996

ISO/IEC

JIS

ISO9000

ISO14000

ISO/IEC ITU

EU

Ⅳ -139

7-2.

G

SDH

ITU

(De facto) (De joule)

ITU

IEEE802

ITU

ITU-R Recommendation

RR: Radio regulations

(1)

ITU ISO IEC

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

Intel x86

ITU

ISO

IEC

ISO/IEC JTC ISO IEC

Ⅳ -140

ETSI

ASTAP

ATIS

ANSI

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth Special Interest Group

Zigbee Alliance

DLNA Digital Living Network Alliance

WiMAX Forum

TransferJet Consortium

HPA HomePlug Powerline Alliance

UPA Universal Powerline Association

CAPCA The Consumer Electronics Powerline Communication Alliance

ECHONET Consortium

PUCC Peer to Peer Universal Computing Consortium

FSAN Full Service Access Network

Ⅳ -141

4-3 SG3 WP

SG3 Radiowave propagation

WP3J Propagation fundamentals

WP3K Point-to-area propagation

WP3L Ionospheric propagation

WP3M Point-to-point and Earth-space propagation

4-4 SG9 WP

SG9 Fixed service

WP9A Performance and availability, interference objectives and analysis,

effects of propagation and terminology

WP9B Radio-frequency channel arrangements, radio system

characteristics, interconnection, maintenance and various

applications

WP9C Systems below 30 MHz (HF and others)

WP9D Sharing with other services (except for fixed-satellite service)

Ⅳ -142

ITU-R

ITU

ITU-R

ITU

ITU-R

ITU

4-33

(2) ITU

191

ITU-T

ITU-R

ITU-D

ITU-T Study Group SG

4-5 ITU-T SG

TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group

TSB Telecommunication

Standardization Bureau

Ⅳ -143

4-5 ITU-T SG

Study Group

SG 2 Operational aspects of service provision and telecommunications

management

SG 3 Tariff and accounting principles including related

telecommunication economic and policy issues

SG 5 Environment and climate change

SG 9 Television and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable

networks

SG 11 Signaling requirements, protocols and test specifications

SG 12 Performance, QoS and QoE

SG 13 Future networks including mobile and NGN

SG 15 Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures

SG 16 Multimedia coding, systems and applications

SG 17 Security

ITU-R Study Group SG 4-6

ITU-R RAG

Radio-communication Advisory Group BR

Radio-communication Bureau

4-6 ITU-R SG

Study Group

SG 1 Spectrum management

SG 3 Radio-wave propagation

SG 4 Satellite services

SG 5 Terrestrial services

SG 6 Broadcasting service

SG 7 Science services

(3) ISO

1

2008 157 ISO

EDI

ITS

Ⅳ -144

ISO 9000 ISO

14000

(4) IEC

2008 72 174

IEC

(5) ISO/IEC JTC1 ISO IEC

ISO IEC

ISO IEC ISO

IEC 1987 P 42

O 44 Sub Committee SC

SC Working Group WG 17 SC

4-7 4-8 5

4-7 ISO/ITC JTC1 SC

Subcommittee

SC 02 Coded character sets

SC 06 Telecommunications and Information exchange between systems

SC 07 Software and systems engineering

SC 17 Cards and personal identification

SC 22 Programming languages, their environments and system software

interfaces

SC 23 Digitally Recorded Media for Information Interchange and Storage

SC 24 Computer graphics, image processing and environmental data

representation

SC 25 Interconnection of information technology equipment

SC 27 IT Security techniques

SC 28 Office equipment

SC 29 Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information

SC 31 Automatic identification and data capture techniques

SC 32 Data management and interchange

SC 34 Document description and processing languages

SC 35 User interfaces

SC 36 Information technology for learning, education and training

SC 37 Biometrics

Ⅳ -145

4-8

SC SC 5 P

Stage 1

SC JCT1 SC P

Stage 2 Stage3

Stage 3 SC P

Stage 4 3

JTC1 P 2/3

1/4

JTC1 P

Stage 5

(6) ETSI

(EC

TISPAN NGN

3GPP

60

(7) ASTAP

(8) ANSI

ANSI ANSI

ATIS T11 Committee T11

(9) ATIS

ANSI

2004 T1 250

19 NGN IPTV

Ⅳ -146

(9) IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IEEE

IEEE Standards Association Working Group

WG IEEE 1394

IEEE 802.3, LAN IEEE 802.11 1980

802 1983 CSMA/CD Ethernet LAN

MAN 802

WG 4-33

4-34 IEEE 802

IEEE 4-9 IEEE

2

75

75 75

IEEE 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Working Group IE

EE

802.3 E

thernet Working G

roup

IEE

E 802.5

Token Ring W

orking Group

IEE

E 802.11

Wireless LA

N W

orking Group

IEE

E 802.15

Wireless Personal A

rea Netw

ork (WPA

N) W

orking Group

IEE

E 802.16

Broadband W

ireless Access W

orking Group

IEE

E 802.17

Resilient Packet R

ing Working G

roup

IEE

E 802.20

Mobile B

roadband Wireless A

ccess (MB

WA

) Working G

roup

IEE

E 802.21

Media Independent H

andoff Working G

roup

IEE

E 802.22

Wireless R

egional Area N

etworks W

orking Group

IEE

E TV

WS SG

TV

Whitespace E

CSG

IEEE 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG IEEE 802.19 Coexistence TAG

Ⅳ -147

4-9 IEEE

CFI Call for Interest WG

Study Group PAR project authorization request WG

Draft1 Baseline TF

Draft2 Technical Complete

Task Force TF

Draft3 Editorial Complete Sponsor

Standard

(10) IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force

IETF 8 100

WG ( IETF RFC Request For Comment

IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority

IP

IANA

ICANN

4-10 IETF 8

Application E-mail, http

General

Internet IPv6, DNS,

Operation and

Management

SNMP,

Realtime

application and

infrastructure

, IP

Routing BGP, OSPF, IS-IS MPLS

Security TLS, PKI, S/MIME

Transport TCP Diffsrv RSVP

Ⅳ -148

8.

8-1.

5

7 8

10

IP

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Ⅳ -149

8-2.

8-2-1.

50%

5 8 10 60

NHK 2015

72 Gbps 2025

1/3 10Mbps

1/2

5 1/8 10

1/60 IP

IP

IT

2016

IT 1/2

Ⅳ -150

IT

8-2-2. IP “Eco-System”

TCP/IP

(1) Independency

(2) Diversity

(3) Alternative

(4) Autonomous

(5) Connectivity

2

Eco-System

IP Post-IP

Fragment

Grid Google

SaaS Enterprise 2.0

Ⅳ -151

P2P

DMA Direct Memory Access

(*) P2P P2P

Transparent Cache

Transparent Proxy

OSI

P2P Web Service

P2P

( Naïve

P4P

TCP/IP

DTN Delay Tolerant Network

DTN

Ⅳ -152

8-2-3. “

IT IT ICT IT ICT

Eco-System

ICT IT

SCM Supply Chain Management

(

P2P

Eco-System

Eco-System

Ⅳ -153

8-2-4.

IPv6

IT IT

Low power

8-2-5.

4-36

Ⅳ -154

IP

two-way

4-35

8-2-6. ---

Ⅳ -155

Ⅳ -156

Ⅳ -157

4-1 ..................................................3

4-2 1 ..................................................4

4-3 ..................................................................................................18

4-4 ............................................................................20

4-5 ....................................................................................21

4-6 ..........................22

4-7 ...................................................................29

4-8 .................................................30

4-9 ITU 3 .......................................................31

4-10 .........................................................32

4-11 ....................................................................34

4-12 ..........................................................................37

4-13 QoS NGN.....................................................................................................41

4-14 TR-069 .........................................................................................................45

4-15 SIP ..........................................................................................46

4-16 NGN .............................................................................................................48

4-17 ITU-T NGN ................................................................49

4-18 ............................................................54

4-19 ............................................................77

4-20 IX ............................................78

4-21 ..................................................................................80

4-22 ROADM .......................................................................................................89

4-23 ROADM OXC ...............................................................................90

4-24 ............................................................................................91

4-25 ..........................................91

4-26 .....................................................................................92

4-27 ................................................................................................93

4-28 .......................................................................................................98

4-29 .......................................................................................100

4-30 .......................................................................................101

4-31 PAN IEEE802.15 ..................................................................105

4-32 UWB ............. 111

4-33 ...............................................................................................143

4-34 IEEE 802 ........................................................................................147

Ⅳ -158

4-35 ..............................................................................................155

4-1 10 Gbps ·································································64

4-2 ············································ 121

4-3 SG3 WP ························································································ 142

4-4 SG9 WP ························································································ 142

4-5 ITU-T SG ······································································· 144

4-6 ITU-R SG ······································································· 144

4-7 ISO/ITC JTC1 SC ···························································· 145

4-8 ·················································································· 146

4-9 IEEE ········································································ 148

4-10 IETF 8 ············································································· 148

Ⅳ -159