- - - - -

(1) (+) (2) (+) = (-) = = = = +

Na+ + F- = NaF C- + H+ = CH C- + 4H+ = CH4 C .

- .(1) n 1 n = 1 2 3 4 5 6 = K L M N 0 P 2n2(2) l (n-1) l = 0 1 2 3 4 5 = s p d f g b (orbital) :

KLMN 1S22S 2P2 63s 3p 3d2 6 104s 4o 4d 4f2 6 10 14 11,3(4)1,3,5(9)1,3,5,7(16) 22,6(8)2, 6, 10(18)2,6,10,14(32)

- .(3) ml (magnetic moent) : n = 2 = 1, 0 ml = +1, 0, -1 n = 3 = 2, 1, 0 ml = +2, +1, 0, -1, -2Ex) ( 10) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6 2p .( ) m=+1 m=0 m=-1

2s2p

- . ms +1/2 (+) 1/2 (-) :

.

- 1~11

n=lmlms

12345678910

100+1/21s

100-1/21s2

200+1/21s2,2s

200-1/21s2,2s2

21-1+1/21s2,2s2,2p

210+1/21s2,2s2,2p2

21+1+1/21s2,2s2,2p3

21-1-1/21s2,2s2,2p4

210-1/21s2,2s2,2p5

21+1-1/21s2,2s2,2p6

(1) ( ) () () . (2) a b : ( ) b c : = b : ( ) .( )

(1) 8 .

() ( ) ()1s 2s1 2sp2 2s 2p

(1) :

(1) . (2) . (3) . (4) . - .

(1) (BCC, Body Centered Cubic Lattice) 2 - 68%, 32% (Cr, Mo, Ta, W, V) (2) (FCC, Face-Centered Cubic lattice) 4 - 74%, 26% (Al, Cu, Pb, Ni, Ag, Au)

(3) (HCP, hexagonal close-packed lattice) 6 - 74%, 26% (Mg, Co, Ti, Be, Zn, Cd)

(vacancy) (1) (interstiltial atom) (2) (substitutional atom)

(dislocation) ()

(2) (screw dislocation) A (3) (mixed dislocation)

(1) (2)

(3) -

-

(2) : :

(3) - - - -

(4) - - -

: , .Hund ; p orbital Px, Py, Pz .

(1) ; .

: 8 .( ) 2cl- + mg2+ = mgcl2 = 2 2s 2p (2sp2) 120 . 1s . ( ) 6(5) : : *(Free electron) ; .

: . , . : + : - ----> --> () : , .Bcc = * * (3/4)3 *2/a3 = 68%Fcc = * *(2/4)3*4/a3 = 76%Hcp = (3/4*a2*6) * (1.63a) : ( ) : () () . 2. : :